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The Chiricahua Apache from 1886-1914, 35 Am
American Indian Law Review Volume 35 | Number 1 1-1-2010 Values in Transition: The hirC icahua Apache from 1886-1914 John W. Ragsdale Jr. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/ailr Part of the Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons, Indigenous Studies Commons, Other History Commons, Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation John W. Ragsdale Jr., Values in Transition: The Chiricahua Apache from 1886-1914, 35 Am. Indian L. Rev. (2010), https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/ailr/vol35/iss1/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in American Indian Law Review by an authorized editor of University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VALUES IN TRANSITION: THE CHIRICAHUA APACHE FROM 1886-1914 John W Ragsdale, Jr.* Abstract Law confirms but seldom determines the course of a society. Values and beliefs, instead, are the true polestars, incrementally implemented by the laws, customs, and policies. The Chiricahua Apache, a tribal society of hunters, gatherers, and raiders in the mountains and deserts of the Southwest, were squeezed between the growing populations and economies of the United States and Mexico. Raiding brought response, reprisal, and ultimately confinement at the loathsome San Carlos Reservation. Though most Chiricahua submitted to the beginnings of assimilation, a number of the hardiest and least malleable did not. Periodic breakouts, wild raids through New Mexico and Arizona, and a labyrinthian, nearly impenetrable sanctuary in the Sierra Madre led the United States to an extraordinary and unprincipled overreaction. -
Lieutenant Faison's Account of the Geronimo Campaign
Lieutenant Faison’s Account of the Geronimo Campaign By Edward K. Faison Introduction The Sky Islands region of southeastern Arizona and northeastern Sonora consists of 40 wooded mountain ranges scattered in a sea of desert scrub and arid grassland. To the west is the Sonoran Desert. To the east is the Chihuahuan Desert. To the north are the Arizona–New Mexico Mountains, and to the south is the Sierra Madre Occidental Range where elevations rise almost 10,000 feet from canyon floor to forested ridge. This “roughest portion of the continent,” in the words of General George Crook, was the setting of the Apache Wars—an American Indian–US Army conflict (1861–1886) unparalleled in its ferocity, physical demands, and unorthodox tactics. For a young lieutenant raised on North Carolina’s coastal plain and schooled in traditional warfare, Arizona in the 1880s was no ordinary place to embark on a military career.1 From this formative experience came this memoir by Lieutenant Samson L. Faison, which chronicles his eleven months of service in the Southwest during the Geronimo Campaign of 1885–1886. He wrote it in 1898 while serving at West Point as senior instructor of infantry tactics. It was never published.2 Faison’s account begins two days after the May 17, 1885 breakout of Geronimo, Natchez, Nana, and 140 Chiricahua Apache followers from the San Carlos Reservation in Arizona. Along the way, we revisit important milestones such as the death of Captain Emmet Crawford at the hands of Mexican militia, the surrender Faison's 1883 West Point Graduaon Photo conference between Geronimo and General Crook at Cañon de (USMA photo) los Embudos, and Geronimo’s subsequent flight back to Mexico followed by Crook’s resignation. -
American Indian Biographies Index
American Indian Biographies Index A ABC: Americans Before Columbus, 530 Ace Daklugie, 245 Actors; Banks, Dennis, 21-22; Beach, Adam, 24; Bedard, Irene, 27-28; Cody, Iron Eyes, 106; George, Dan, 179; Greene, Graham, 194-195; Means, Russell, 308-310; Rogers, Will, 425-430; Sampson, Will, 443; Silverheels, Jay, 461; Studi, Wes, 478 Adair, John L., 1 Adams, Abigail, 289 Adams, Hank, 530 Adams, Henry, 382 Adams, John Quincy, 411 Adario, 1-2 Adate, 149 Adobe Walls, Battles of, 231, 365, 480 Agona, 150 AIF. See American Indian Freedom Act AIM. See American Indian Movement AIO. See Americans for Indian Opportunity AISES. See American Indian Science and Engineering Society Alaska Native Brotherhood, 374 Alaska Native Sisterhood, 374 Alaskan Anti-Discrimination Act, 374 Alcatraz Island occupation; and Bellecourt, Clyde, 29; and Mankiller, Wilma, 297; and Oakes, Richard, 342; and Trudell, John, 508 Alexie, Sherman, 2-5 Alford, Thomas Wildcat, 5 Allen, Alvaren, 466 Allen, Paula Gunn, 6-9 Alligator, 9-10, 246 Allotment, 202, 226 Amadas, Philip, 371 American Horse, 10-12, 26 American Indian Chicago Conference, 530 American Indian Freedom Act, 30 American Indian Historical Society, 116 American Indian Movement, 21, 129, 369; and Bellecourt, Clyde H., 29; and Bellecourt, Vernon, 32; creation of, 530; and Crow Dog, Leonard, 128; and Fools Crow, Frank, 169; and Means, Russell, 308; and Medicine, Bea, 311; and Oakes, Richard, 342-343; and Pictou Aquash, Anna Mae, 376 American Indian Science and Engineering Society, 391 American Revolution, 66; and Cayuga, 281; and Cherokee, 61, 346; and Creek, 288; and Delaware, 544; and Iroquois, 63, 66-67, 69, 112-113; and Lenni Lenape, 224; and Mahican, 341; and Miami, 277; and Mohawk, 68; and Mohegan, 345; and Ottawa, 387; and Senecas, 52; and Shawnee, 56, 85, 115, 497 Americans for Indian Opportunity, 207 ANB. -
University of California
UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Resiliency of Native American Women Basket Weavers from California, Great Basin, and the Southwest Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/422088q0 Author Roberts, Meranda Diane Publication Date 2018 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Resiliency of Native American Women Basket Weavers from California, Great Basin, and the Southwest A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History by Meranda Diane Roberts September 2018 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Clifford E. Trafzer, Chairperson Dr. Rebecca ‘Monte’ Kugel Dr. Anthony Macias Copyright by Meranda Diane Roberts 2018 The Dissertation of Meranda Diane Roberts is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Resiliency of Native American Women Basket Weavers of California, Great Basin, and the Southwest by Meranda Diane Roberts Doctor of Philosophy, Graduate Program in History University of California, Riverside, September 2018 Dr. Clifford E. Trafzer, Chairperson Native American women from the American Southwest have always used basket weaving to maintain relationships with nature, their spirituality, tribal histories, sovereignty, and their ancestors. However, since the late nineteenth century, with the emergence of a tremendous tourist industry in the American West, non-Indians have perceived -
Final Submitted Thesis
"We Were Recruited From the Warriors of Many Famous Nations," Cultural Preservation: U.S. Army Western Apache Scouts, 1871-1947 Item Type text; Electronic Thesis Authors Barbone, Paul Joseph Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 10/10/2021 13:28:19 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193387 “WE WERE RECRUITED FROM THE WARRIORS OF MANY FAMOUS NATIONS,” CULTURAL PRESERVATION: U. S. ARMY WESTERN APACHE SCOUTS, 1871-1947 by Paul J. Barbone __________________________________ A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the GRADUATE INTERDISCIPLINARY PROGRAM IN AMERICAN INDIAN STUDIES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2010 2 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. -
56258569.Pdf
1 Avenging Victorio A Screenplay by Dave DeWitt based on the novel published by Rio Grande Books. ©2011 Dave DeWitt Not for distribution or resale. For reading purposes only. Contact: [email protected] 2 “AVENGING VICTORIO” By Dave DeWitt FADE IN: 1. INT. OFFICE – DAY (FALL, 1880) In the “war room” of the 9th Cavalry at the Palace of the Governors in Santa Fe, three cavalry noncoms, dressed in blue uniforms without caps, are clustered around a desk with Phelps Electro-Motor Telegraph machine, which is printing out a message on a thin tape of paper. Two ANGLO SERGEANTS are standing; the Hispanic sergeant ROBERTO is seated. ANGLO SERGEANT 1 Jesus Christ! Look at that. ANGLO SERGEANT 2 I'd better show it to the general. ROBERTO I'll take it to him-- ANGLO SERGEANT 1 Go to hell, Mexican! ROBERTO (mutters) Hijo de puta... ANGLO SERGEANT 2 Speak English, asshole! VOICE (O. C.) Bring me the goddamned telegram, Gonzales! Roberto tears off the tape of paper out of the telegraph and stands up, grinning at the two Anglos. He walks out the door, down a short hall and looks into the adjoining office. Seated is COL. EDWARD T. HATCH, commander of the 9th Cavalry. He has graying hair and a mustache and is dressed in a three-piece dark blue suit with shoulder straps. Roberto hands him the telegram. ROBERTO Good news, General. 3 TELEGRAM 18 OCT. 1880 COL. EDWARD T. HATCH COMD'G, DIST. N.M.T. SANTA FE APACHE. RENEGADE VICTORIO KILLED FRIDAY BY FORCES OF GEN. -
Cultural Survival and a Native American Community: the Chiricahua and Warm Springs Apaches in Oklahoma, 1913- 1996
CULTURAL SURVIVAL AND A NATIVE AMERICAN COMMUNITY: THE CHIRICAHUA AND WARM SPRINGS APACHES IN OKLAHOMA, 1913- 1996 By CLIFFORD PATRICK COPPERSMITH Bachelor of Arts Brigham Young University Provo, Utah 1988 Master of Arts st. Bonaventure University st. Bonaventure, New York 1992 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December, 1996 COPYRIGHT BY Clifford Patrick Coppersmith December 1996 CULTURAL SURVIVAL AND A NATIVE AMERICAN COMMUNITY: THE CHIRICAHUA AND WARM SPRINGS APACHES IN OKLAHOMA, 1913- 1996 Thesis Approved: Thesis Advisor Dean of the Graduate College iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This is a true story about a Native American community using, as much as possible, sources which reveal that community's perspective on the past. While I have had to rely to a great extent on traditional sources to tell the story, I have also enjoyed the collaboration and cooperation of many members of the .Fort Sill (Chiricahua and Warm Springs) Apache Tribe without whose help this project would not have been possible. If this is a worthy addition to Chiricahua and Warm Springs Apache historiography it is due to their contributions. Until the day when a Chiricahua or Warm Springs Apache historian writes a definitive account of his or her people's experience in Oklahoma I offer this as an attempt to tell a new and truer version of their history. I wish to thank Michael Darrow, a Chiricahua and Warm Springs Apache and an American national treasure, for his assistance and guidance during the entire process of researching, interviewing for, and writing this dissertation. -
University of Birmingham a Re-Evaluation of Colonel Benjamin
University of Birmingham A re-evaluation of Colonel Benjamin H. Grierson’s Trans-Pecos Campaign against Victorio, July- August 1880 Watt, Robert DOI: 10.1353/swh.2015.0004 License: None: All rights reserved Document Version Peer reviewed version Citation for published version (Harvard): Watt, R 2015, 'A re-evaluation of Colonel Benjamin H. Grierson’s Trans-Pecos Campaign against Victorio, July- August 1880', Southwestern Historical Quarterly, vol. 118, no. 3, pp. 241-262. https://doi.org/10.1353/swh.2015.0004 Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. •Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. •Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. •User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (?) •Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain. Where a licence is displayed above, please note the terms and conditions of the licence govern your use of this document. When citing, please reference the published version. Take down policy While the University of Birmingham exercises care and attention in making items available there are rare occasions when an item has been uploaded in error or has been deemed to be commercially or otherwise sensitive. -
Geronimo's Surrender," Which Follows
Guest Speaker Jay Van Orden Jay Van Orden, Director of the Field Services Division of the Arizona Historical Society was a speaker at our Friday afternoon session. Jay was open to many questions during his hours in our display room where he displayed Geronimo's rifle. Jay authorized us to reproduce the Society's museum monograph #8 publication entitled "Geronimo's Surrender," which follows. Front Cover Geronimo's Rifle GERONIMO'S SURRENDER Reprinted from the American Society of Arms Collectors Bulletin 80:45-65 Additional articles available at http://americansocietyofarmscollectors.org/resources/articles/ ON THE COVER: Geronimo. From a photograph by A. Frank Randall, 1884. Courtesy Arizona Historical Society, Tucson. Secorid Printing, 1994 "1991 Arizona Historical Society 949 E. Second Street Tucson, AZ 857 19 Originally published as "C. S. Fly at Carion de 10s Ernbudos: American Indians as Enemy in the Field, A Photographic First," The Journal of Arizona History, vol. 30 (Autumn, 1989), pp. 319-46. Cover design by John Meyer GERONIMO!S SURRENDER N MARCH25 AND 26, 1886, Camillus Sidney Fly of Tomb- 0stone, Arizona, recorded a first-and a last: the only known photographs of American Indians as enemy in the field. Taken at Cafion de 10s Embudos (Canyon of the Funnels), Mexico, his photographs of Geronimo, Naiche, and their Chi- ricahua Apache followers in camp and negotiating with Gen- eral George Crook are unique. Remarkably, Fly's singular achievement has never been fully appreciated or understood by students of either southwestern history or the history of pho- tography. The entire original series of photographs has never before been published, many of the views have been misiden- tified, and no known single collection contains the complete set.' The U.S. -
Apache History Along the Geronimo Trail
APACHE HISTORY ALONG THE NATIONAL SCENIC BYWAY 1. Pfeiffer Attack & location map 2. Indian Rocks, Turtleback and Caballo Mountains 3. Attacks at Gold Dust and Lake Valley, Hillsboro 4. Battle at Victorio Park & location map 5. Emory Pass 6. Fort McRae 7. Farming by Apaches and Cuchillo Negro 8. Conflict and Friendship, Chief Victorio 9. Warm Springs Reservation, Buffalo Soldiers 10. Geronimo and the Gila Wilderness and location map Special recognition and thanks goes to Kelley Ridings and his students in the New Mexico history class at Gardner Learning Center of Western New Mexico University for their assistance in research on the subject matter included in this project. The following students are to be commended for their diligent work: Lourdes Gutierrez Victoria Johnson Melissa Mullins Linda Padilla Gale Perry-Crawford Special thanks also goes to Chris Adams of the U.S. Forest Service, and Apache historians Dan Aranda, Emilio Tapia, and Dr. Robert Watt for their knowledge and expertise in editing the material for final publication. Thanks also to Harriette Bolling and Gina Kelley for their assistance in editing. LaRena Miller, Executive Director Geronimo Trail National Scenic Byway You play an essential role in ensuring the ethical treatment and protection of irreplaceable archaeological resources. Archaeological sites throughout New Mexico offer us a unique opportunity to study the history of the Southwest as experienced and depicted by the people who lived it. Archaeological resources, both sites and collections on Federal and State Lands, are protected by the 1906 American Antiquities Act, the 1979 Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA) and the 1990 Native American Graves Repatriation Act (NAGRA). -
1 GERONIMO GERONIMO: That Name Sparked Terror in the Hearts Of
GERONIMO GERONIMO: That name sparked terror in the hearts of many people living in the Southwest in the 19 th century. But who was this man? Was he the “murdering savage” as depicted in the newspapers of the day or was he a “freedom fighter” trying to save the last elements of a culture being overwhelmed by another culture? This article does not attempt to answer that question but rather present a brief summary of Geronimo’s life. BACKGROUND: At the time of Geronimo’s birth there were several distinct tribal groups that comprised the Southern Apaches. The principal tribes were the Mimbrenos whose homeland was in the Mimbres Mountains and what is now the Silver City area of New Mexico; the Chichenne or Warm Springs tribe who occupied the area east of the Mimbrenos to the Rio Grand and south to around the Mexican town of Canada Alamosa; the Chokonens or Chiricahua tribe whose homeland included the Dos Cabezas, Chiricahua and Dragoon mountains; the Nednais who lived in the Sierra Madre Mountains of Mexico; and the Bedonkohe whose territory was west of the Mimbrenos and north of the Chikonens. These tribes were on friendly terms with each other and frequently intermarried. Their relations with the northern Apache tribes were frequently hostile. This hostility would later create serious problems when the U.S. Government established a policy to relocate all of the Apache tribes to the San Carlos reservation. This article on Geronimo’s life was derived from several sources, some of which were contradictory. GERONIMO’S EARLY LIFE: Details of Geronimo’s birth are clouded in history and are fairly speculative as to where and when. -
Tracking Nana
Tracking Nana 2 Across the Rio Bravo “For the Chiricahua, as for all Apaches, revenge was not primarily a matter of personal spite. It was a means of redressing an imbalance in the state of things.” 1 ometime toward the end of June 1881, deep in the Sierra Madre, the Chihenne held a war dance. One by one, the men rose to join the circle stamping around the fire, firing their S guns in the air, boasting of the deeds they would perform, and calling out by name the warriors who had not yet joined the dancers. As with most Indian tribes, an Apache’s true name held powerful medicine; called by that name he was honor-bound to respond. Sweeney lists Mangas (son of Mangas Coloradas), Bacutla, Jatu, Sάnchez and Suldeen; Kaytennae was another who joined the dance.2 Lozen’s name is not mentioned, although she had certainly returned from the Mescalero Reservation by then. It’s hard to believe she would not have been remembered and noted if she was among the raiders, and equally hard to believe she would not have been in the forefront of a war party setting out to avenge her brother’s death.3 Nana’s reconnaissance in January showed him that the border west of El Paso was too closely patrolled to be crossed without immediate pursuit. Instead, he would move east from the Sierra Madre before striking north across the unpopulated Diablo Plateau of West Texas and on up the spine of the Guadalupe and Sacramento Mountains to the Mescalero Reservation in south- central New Mexico, where he was confident of recruits.