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The Modern Zoo: Foundations for Management and Development

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The Modern Zoo: Foundations for Management and Development The Modern Zoo: Foundations for Management and development i i Basic Zoo Management ii 1 The Modern Zoo: Foundations for Management and development EAZA Executive Office Amsterdam, the Netherlands SEPTEMBER 2013 ii 1 Basic Zoo Management COLOPHON Publication: EAZA Executive Office © June 2008 Second edition September 2013 Text & Design: First edition: M.A. Snijder, University of Applied Sciences, Van Hall Larenstein Second edition: EAZA Technical Assistance Committee Photos: EAZA Executive Office Special thanks: M. Challis, Belfast Zoological Gardens, Northern Ireland M. Hoedemaker, Amersfoort Zoo, the Netherlands B. Kjellson, Boras Djurpark AB, Sweden J.J. Lesueur, Attica Zoological Park, Greece N. Lindsay, Zoological Society of London, United Kingdom D. Maljkovic, Zagreb Zoo, Croatia V. Molnar, Budapest Fovaros Allat-Es Novenykertje, Hungary M. Pilgrim, North of England Zoological Society, United Kingdom R. Ratajszczak, Wroclaw Zoo, Poland E. Sos, Budapest Fovaros Allat-Es Novenykertje, Hungary A. Stadler, Zoo Wuppertal, Germany W. Stanislawski, Lodz Zoo, Poland J. Szantho, Artis Zoo, the Netherlands R. Veprik, Szeged Zoo, Hungary W. Verberkmoes, GaiaZOO, the Netherlands P. Vercammen, Arabia’s Wildlife Centre, United Arab Emirates Contact EAZA Executive Office C/o Amsterdam Zoo, PO Box 20164, 1000 HD Amsterdam, The Netherlands Phone: 0031 20 520 07 50 Fax: 0031 20 520 07 52 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.eaza.net EAZA’s Committees l EEP Committee l Membership & Ethics Committee l Aquarium Committee l Legislation Committee l Education & Exhibit Design Committee l Research Committee l Conservation Committee l Technical Assistance Committee l Veterinary Committee 3 TABLE OF CONTENT About the Manual ....................................................................................................... 4 4 The Animal Department .......................................................................... 52 Why this manual .............................................................................................................. 4 4.1 Animal welfare ....................................................................................... 53 The TA Mentor ..................................................................................................................... 4 4.2 Enclosure (re)design ........................................................................ 54 How to use this manual ........................................................................................... 5 4.3 Environmental enrichment ..................................................... 58 4.4 Transport ...................................................................................................... 62 About EAZA ......................................................................................................................... 6 5 Visitors & Customer Services ............................................................. 64 1 Zoos in the 21st Century ............................................................................. 8 5.1 Visitors ............................................................................................................. 65 History of zoos & the role of modern zoos ........................................ 9 5.2 Facilities .......................................................................................................... 66 5.3 Zoo shop & catering ........................................................................ 70 2 Zoo Management ............................................................................................. 12 5.4 Marketing .................................................................................................... 71 2.1 Zoo management .............................................................................. 13 2.2 Mission statements .......................................................................... 16 6 Conservation, Education & Research ..................................... 76 2.3 Budgeting .................................................................................................... 17 6.1 Conservation ............................................................................................ 77 2.4 Masterplanning .................................................................................... 19 6.2 Ex situ conservation .......................................................................... 78 2.5 Animal record keeping ................................................................. 21 6.3 In situ conservation ........................................................................... 81 2.6 Collection planning .......................................................................... 23 6.4 Education ..................................................................................................... 83 2.7 Maintenance ............................................................................................ 25 6.5 Research ........................................................................................................ 86 2.8 Staff management ............................................................................. 26 6.6 Green practice ........................................................................................ 87 2.9 Zoo keeping .............................................................................................. 27 2.10 Policies ............................................................................................................. 30 Further reading ............................................................................................................. 89 Glossary of terms ......................................................................................................... 91 3 Health & Safety .................................................................................................... 44 Index ................................................................................................................................... 95 3.1 Health & safety ....................................................................................... 45 3.2 Barriers ............................................................................................................ 36 3.3 Emergencies ............................................................................................. 37 3.4 Warning signs ......................................................................................... 39 3.5 Risk assessment .................................................................................... 40 3.6 Risk prevention ...................................................................................... 42 3 Basic Zoo Management KEEPERS CLEANING THE ORYX EXHIBIT IN LISBON ZOO, PORTUGAL Training keepers in the zoo is vital for the welfare oF the animals. Keepers need to know how to do their job and should be aware of all safety and hygiene regulations. 4 5 Introduction ABOUT THE MANUAL Why this manual How to use this manual Your institution (zoo or aquarium) is in the process of There are a lot of aspects to keep in mind when running joining the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria a zoo. These could never be published in one single (EAZA). This Manual has been developed by the document as each of these aspects is extremely varied Technical Assistance (TA) Committee to assist during and complex. In this manual, a selection of the most the “Candidate for Membership” (CfM) period. important basics of zoo practice is described. The Institutions need to meet several criteria to comply manual gives Candidates for Membership an idea of with the standards for EAZA membership. Documents what running a zoo or aquaria to EAZA standards produced by EAZA are used as guidelines to explain involves. how an EAZA member institution is expected to It is important to remember that what is covered operate. The TA Committee and your TA Mentor in this manual cannot be achieved all at once. Most are committed to guiding you through this period of EAZA Full Members have taken many years to development. accomplish the standards laid out in this document. The aim of this manual is to give the zoo director Consequently it is hoped that CfMs are inspired to and zoo management a reference on the basics of work towards achieving these standards with the zoo operations and the role of zoos. The manual also understanding that it may take a number of years. provides you with additional guidance etc. for your The TA Mentor will work with you to explain which zoos’ development, and combines the knowledge of aspects have first priority and which are to be dealt several zoo experts that have been supporting zoos for with later. over 15 years. Do not be discouraged if progress seems slow or setbacks occur. The main thing your TA mentor wants The TA Mentor to see is that you understand the concepts in this manual The main role of the TA Mentor is to guide you in the and are working towards achieving the EAZA minimum development of your institution and to report on that standards. development to EAZA. He/she will provide you with The manual does not include full information on knowledge and technical advice on any topic and will all aspects of running a zoo: it will only give you an have frequent contact through email, telephone and visits. idea of how a modern zoo is run. Please note that this The Mentor will visit your institution at least once manual is not intended as a full guidance towards a year to assess the situation,
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