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Stairway to Heaven? Geographies of the Space Elevator in Science Fiction
ISSN 2624-9081 • DOI 10.26034/roadsides-202000306 Stairway to Heaven? Geographies of the Space Elevator in Science Fiction Oliver Dunnett Outer space is often presented as a kind of universal global commons – a space for all humankind, against which the hopes and dreams of humanity have been projected. Yet, since the advent of spaceflight, it has become apparent that access to outer space has been limited, shaped and procured in certain ways. Geographical approaches to the study of outer space have started to interrogate the ways in which such inequalities have emerged and sustained themselves, across environmental, cultural and political registers. For example, recent studies have understood outer space as increasingly foreclosed by certain state and commercial actors (Beery 2012), have emphasised narratives of tropical difference in understanding geosynchronous equatorial satellite orbits (Dunnett 2019) and, more broadly, have conceptualised the Solar System as part of Earth’s environment (Degroot 2017). It is clear from this and related literature that various types of infrastructure have been a significant part of the uneven geographies of outer space, whether in terms of long-established spaceports (Redfield 2000), anticipatory infrastructures (Gorman 2009) or redundant space hardware orbiting Earth as debris (Klinger 2019). collection no. 003 • Infrastructure on/off Earth Roadsides Stairway to Heaven? 43 Having been the subject of speculation in both engineering and science-fictional discourses for many decades, the space elevator has more recently been promoted as a “revolutionary and efficient way to space for all humanity” (ISEC 2017). The concept involves a tether lowered from a position in geostationary orbit to a point on Earth’s equator, along which an elevator can ascend and arrive in orbit. -
Lunar Space Elevator Infrastructure
Lunar Space Elevator Infrastructure A Cost Saving Approach to Human Spaceflight within a 15-year Constrained NASA Budget White Paper Submitted at the Open Invitation of the National Research Council 2013 Lunar Space Elevator Infrastructure In Response to the National Research Council’s Study on the Benefits, Challenges and Ramifications of America’s Human Spaceflight Program. LiftPort Group presents a Cost-Effective Approach to Human Spaceflight within a 15-year Constrained NASA Budget. | MICHAEL LAINE – PRESIDENT, LIFTPORT GROUP | CHARLES RADLEY MSC., – ADVISOR, LIFTPORT GROUP | MARSHALL EUBANKS MSC., – ADVISOR, LIFTPORT GROUP | JEROME PEARSON MSC., – ADVISOR, LIFTPORT GROUP | PETER SWAN PHD., – ADVISOR, LIFTPORT GROUP | LEE GRAHAM (NASA – HIS VIEWS DO NOT REFLECT HIS EMPLOYER) | | 8 JULY 2013 | LIFTPORT GROUP | 1307 Dogwood Hill RD SW, Port Orchard, WA, 98366 | www.liftport.com | (862) 438-5383 | [email protected] LiftPort’s Lunar Space Elevator Infrastructure: Affordable Response to Human Spaceflight What are the important benefits provided to the United States and other countries by human spaceflight endeavors? The ability to place humans in space is exciting to the public, and demonstrates the technological maturity and stature of each spacefaring nation. Such a visible and peaceful demonstration of cutting edge technology fosters foreign policy by showing Page | 1 strength without engaging in conflicti. Human spaceflight sparks the imagination and serves an instinctive need to explore. Astronauts are ambassadors for all of humanity in a very personal way. Men and women in space suits inspire people – of all cultures and demographics – to achieve excellence, to believe in a common cause and to pursue a noble goal. -
SPEAKERS TRANSPORTATION CONFERENCE FAA COMMERCIAL SPACE 15TH ANNUAL John R
15TH ANNUAL FAA COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION CONFERENCE SPEAKERS COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION http://www.faa.gov/go/ast 15-16 FEBRUARY 2012 HQ-12-0163.INDD John R. Allen Christine Anderson Dr. John R. Allen serves as the Program Executive for Crew Health Christine Anderson is the Executive Director of the New Mexico and Safety at NASA Headquarters, Washington DC, where he Spaceport Authority. She is responsible for the development oversees the space medicine activities conducted at the Johnson and operation of the first purpose-built commercial spaceport-- Space Center, Houston, Texas. Dr. Allen received a B.A. in Speech Spaceport America. She is a recently retired Air Force civilian Communication from the University of Maryland (1975), a M.A. with 30 years service. She was a member of the Senior Executive in Audiology/Speech Pathology from The Catholic University Service, the civilian equivalent of the military rank of General of America (1977), and a Ph.D. in Audiology and Bioacoustics officer. Anderson was the founding Director of the Space from Baylor College of Medicine (1996). Upon completion of Vehicles Directorate at the Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland his Master’s degree, he worked for the Easter Seals Treatment Air Force Base, New Mexico. She also served as the Director Center in Rockville, Maryland as an audiologist and speech- of the Space Technology Directorate at the Air Force Phillips language pathologist and received certification in both areas. Laboratory at Kirtland, and as the Director of the Military Satellite He joined the US Air Force in 1980, serving as Chief, Audiology Communications Joint Program Office at the Air Force Space at Andrews AFB, Maryland, and at the Wiesbaden Medical and Missile Systems Center in Los Angeles where she directed Center, Germany, and as Chief, Otolaryngology Services at the the development, acquisition and execution of a $50 billion Aeromedical Consultation Service, Brooks AFB, Texas, where portfolio. -
Greetings Members and Friends of EAA Chapter 866
Dunn Airpark approx.. 1 mile west Landing This is Chain of Lakes Park behind Parrish Hospital. Dunn Airpark flyers take note, one of ours used this to land on NO damage done to plane or anything on the ground! Commendable! Greetings Members and Friends of EAA Chapter 866, Les Boatright Happy Early Independence Day!! I hope you all have a Happy, Safe, and Fun-Filled Fourth of July! With all the long hours of daylight, this is a great time of year to do some aviating, just make sure you steer clear of the “Bombs Bursting in Air” and other Independence Day Holiday Hazards. But most of all, don’t forget that we’ll be serving up some Firecracker Hot Flap-Jacks on the morning Saturday July 1st. I hope to see you all there! PANTHER UPDATE As most of you know, since the beginning of the year I’ve been working with two other chapter members, your V.P. Ed Brennan, and also Bob Rychel to build a Panther Light Sport Aircraft. One of the great things about building this airplane is the fact that it gives me something else to write about in the monthly chapter newsletter. That reminds me . You other builders out there who have some amazing projects underway, we’d love to read something about your projects too. Tell us how they’re coming along, and send a few pictures. I know there are at least a dozen active builder projects in our chapter right now with at least 3 that are close to being finished. -
The Space Elevator NIAC Phase II Final Report March 1, 2003
The Space Elevator NIAC Phase II Final Report March 1, 2003 Bradley C. Edwards, Ph.D. Eureka Scientific [email protected] The Space Elevator NIAC Phase II Final Report Executive Summary This document in combination with the book The Space Elevator (Edwards and Westling, 2003) summarizes the work done under a NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts Phase II grant to develop the space elevator. The effort was led by Bradley C. Edwards, Ph.D. and involved more than 20 institutions and 50 participants at some level. The objective of this program was to produce an initial design for a space elevator using current or near-term technology and evaluate the effort yet required prior to construction of the first space elevator. Prior to our effort little quantitative analysis had been completed on the space elevator concept. Our effort examined all aspects of the design, construction, deployment and operation of a space elevator. The studies were quantitative and detailed, highlighting problems and establishing solutions throughout. It was found that the space elevator could be constructed using existing technology with the exception of the high-strength material required. Our study has also found that the high-strength material required is currently under development and expected to be available in 2 years. Accepted estimates were that the space elevator could not be built for at least 300 years. Colleagues have stated that based on our effort an elevator could be operational in 30 to 50 years. Our estimate is that the space elevator could be operational in 15 years for $10B. In any case, our effort has enabled researchers and engineers to debate the possibility of a space elevator operating in 15 to 50 years rather than 300. -
The Space Elevator Development Program
55th International Astronautical Congress 2004 - Vancouver, Canada IAC-04-IAA.3.8.2.01 THE SPACE ELEVATOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM Bradley C. Edwards Carbon Designs, Inc., United States [email protected] ABSTRACT For 40 years, the space elevator has been a concept in science fiction and appearing occasionally in technical journals. Versions of the space elevator concept have generally been megalithic in design. However, recent advances in technology and new designs for an initial space elevator have presented a much smaller and a more realistic version that has created a renewed interest in serious technical study. There are now over a dozen entities and hundreds of engineers and scientists with active research related to the space elevator. The activity includes conferences, engineering competitions, extensive media coverage, international collaborations, publications and private investment. These activities are rapidly expanding with the number of publications in 2004 nearly ten times the total for the prior forty years. INTRODUCTION The space elevator concept has been around for spacecraft, the power delivery system, many years (Tower of Babel, Jack and the challenges to the system, etc. Beanstalk, Clarke’s Fountains of Paradise, Robinson’s Red Mars) and between 1960 and The basic design presented in the NIAC work 1999 a few technical studies addressed the has stressed simplicity – a single, small, static basics of the system (Moravec, 1977; Isaacs, ribbon with mechanical climbers that ascend 1966; Pearson, 1975; Smitherman, 2000). These using conventional electric motors (figure 1). studies addressed the oscillations inherit in the The design implements conventional technology system, the taper requirements, and the general with little or no development wherever possible. -
Cislunar Tether Transport System
FINAL REPORT on NIAC Phase I Contract 07600-011 with NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts, Universities Space Research Association CISLUNAR TETHER TRANSPORT SYSTEM Report submitted by: TETHERS UNLIMITED, INC. 8114 Pebble Ct., Clinton WA 98236-9240 Phone: (206) 306-0400 Fax: -0537 email: [email protected] www.tethers.com Report dated: May 30, 1999 Period of Performance: November 1, 1998 to April 30, 1999 PROJECT SUMMARY PHASE I CONTRACT NUMBER NIAC-07600-011 TITLE OF PROJECT CISLUNAR TETHER TRANSPORT SYSTEM NAME AND ADDRESS OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (Firm Name, Mail Address, City/State/Zip Tethers Unlimited, Inc. 8114 Pebble Ct., Clinton WA 98236-9240 [email protected] PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR Robert P. Hoyt, Ph.D. ABSTRACT The Phase I effort developed a design for a space systems architecture for repeatedly transporting payloads between low Earth orbit and the surface of the moon without significant use of propellant. This architecture consists of one rotating tether in elliptical, equatorial Earth orbit and a second rotating tether in a circular low lunar orbit. The Earth-orbit tether picks up a payload from a circular low Earth orbit and tosses it into a minimal-energy lunar transfer orbit. When the payload arrives at the Moon, the lunar tether catches it and deposits it on the surface of the Moon. Simultaneously, the lunar tether picks up a lunar payload to be sent down to the Earth orbit tether. By transporting equal masses to and from the Moon, the orbital energy and momentum of the system can be conserved, eliminating the need for transfer propellant. Using currently available high-strength tether materials, this system could be built with a total mass of less than 28 times the mass of the payloads it can transport. -
Air and Space Power Journal: Fall 2011
Fall 2011 Volume XXV, No. 3 AFRP 10-1 From the Editor Personnel Recovery in Focus ❙ 6 Lt Col David H. Sanchez, Deputy Chief, Professional Journals Capt Wm. Howard, Editor Senior Leader Perspective Air Force Personnel Recovery as a Service Core Function ❙ 7 It’s Not “Your Father’s Combat Search and Rescue” Brig Gen Kenneth E. Todorov, USAF Col Glenn H. Hecht, USAF Features Air Force Rescue ❙ 16 A Multirole Force for a Complex World Col Jason L. Hanover, USAF Department of Defense (DOD) Directive 3002.01E, Personnel Recovery in the Department of Defense, highlights personnel recovery (PR) as one of the DOD’s highest priorities. As an Air Force core function, PR has experienced tremendous success, having performed 9,000 joint/multinational combat saves in the last two years and having flown a total of 15,750 sorties since 11 September 2001. Despite this admirable record, the author contends that the declining readiness of aircraft and equipment as well as chronic staffing shortages prevents Air Force rescue from meeting the requirements of combatant commanders around the globe. To halt rescue’s decline, a numbered Air Force must represent this core function, there- by ensuring strong advocacy and adequate resources for this lifesaving, DOD-mandated function. Strategic Rescue ❙ 26 Vectoring Airpower Advocates to Embrace the Real Value of Personnel Recovery Maj Chad Sterr, USAF The Air Force rescue community has expanded beyond its traditional image of rescuing downed air- crews to encompass a much larger set of capabilities and competencies that have strategic impact on US operations around the world. -
05, Military, Aerospace, Space & Homeland
------------------------------------------------------------- [コンフェレンス紹介] May 3-5, 2005 MASH '05, Military, Aerospace, Space & Homeland Security Sacramento Marriott Rancho Cordova http://www.imaps.org/mash ------------------------------------------------------------- 2005 年 4 月 28 日 19:12 WIRED NEWS (2005/04/28) NASA、量子ワイヤ研究を援助――宇宙エレベータも射程 http://hotwired.goo.ne.jp/news/20050428301.html NASA はライス大学の量子ワイヤ研究に対する$11M の資金援助 く、宇宙船軽量化やプロセッサ高速化につながる。「宇宙エレベ を発表。2010 年までに長さ 1m の電線を完成させるのが目標。カ ータ」への応用も含め、ナノチューブは人類を宇宙へと送出すの ーボン・ナノチューブで作る量子ワイヤは軽量で電気伝導度が高 に大きな役割を果たすと期待されている。 ------------------------------------------------------------- 2005 年 4 月 28 日 19:12 WIRED NEWS (2005/04/28) ロケット燃料による飲料水汚染、米国の 36 州で http://hotwired.goo.ne.jp/news/20050428305.html 米の 36 の州で、ロケット燃料や兵器の製造に使われた化学 巨額の費用がかかるため、現在米環境保護局(EPA)では強制 薬品によって、飲料水が汚染されていることが判明。浄化に 力のない安全基準しか定めていない。 ------------------------------------------------------------- 2005 年 4 月 26 日 9:28 ジェトロ 半導体パッケージングの大型投資相次ぐ(中国) 上海発 半導体製造は前工程生産能力が急成長し、最近は後工程とい 体パッケージングへの大規模投資が相次いでいる。 われる半導体パッケージング需要が高まっている。このため半導 ------------------------------------------------------------- 2005 年 4 月 25 日 9:24 ジェトロ EU 憲法条約の批准、最初のヤマ場近づく(EU) ブリュッセル発 ギリシャ議会が 4 月 19 日、EU 憲法条約を賛成多数(賛成:268 となるもので、2006 年秋ごろの発効を目指している。発効には全 票、反対:17 票)で承認し、ギリシャは EU25 ヵ国中 5 番目の批准 加盟国の批准が必要で、5 月 29 日に実施予定のフランスの国民 国となった。EU 憲法条約は EU の拡大に伴い、新たな基本条約 投票が最初のヤマ場となる。 ------------------------------------------------------------- 2005 年 4 月 22 日 19:10 WIRED NEWS (2005/04/22) 狙った相手だけに聞かせる音声伝送システムに MIT 発明賞 http://hotwired.goo.ne.jp/news/20050422301.html 米マサチューセッツ工科大学(MIT)『レメルソン -
Achievable Space Elevators for Space Transportation and Starship
1991012826-321 :1 TRANSPORTATIONACHIEVABLE SPACEAND ELEVATORSTARSHIPSACCELERATFOR SP_CEION ._ Fl_t_ Dynamic_L',_rator_ N91-22162 Wright-PattersonAFB,Ohio ABSTRACT Spaceelevatorconceptslorlow-costspacelau,'x,,hea_rereviewed.Previousconceptssuffered;rein requirementsforultra-high-strengthmaterials,dynamicallyunstablesystems,orfromdangerofoollisionwith spacedeb._s.Theuseofmagneticgrain_reams,firstF_posedby BenoitLeben,solvestheseproblems. Magneticgrain_reamscansupportshortspace6!evatorsforliftingpayloadscheaplyintoEarthorbit, overcomingthematerialstrengthp_Oiemin.buildingspaceelevators.Alternatively,thestreamcouldsupport an internationaspaceportl circling__heEarthdailyt_nsofmilesabovetheequator,accessibleto adv_ncad aircraft.Marscouldbe equippedwitha similargrainstream,usingmaterialfromitsmoonsPhobosandDefines. Grain-streamarcsaboutthesuncould_ usedforfastlaunchestotheouterplanetsandforaccelerating starshipsto nearikjhtspeedforinterstella:recor_naisar',cGraie. nstreamsareessentiallyimperviousto collisions,andcouldreducethecost_f spacetranspo_ationbyan o_er c,,fmagnih_e. iNTRODUCTION Themajorob_,tacletorapi( spacedevei,apmentisthehighco_ oflaunct_!,'D_gayloadsintoEarthorbit. Currentlaunchcostsare morethan_3000per kilogramand, rocketvehicles_ch asNASP,S,_nger_,'_the AdvancedLaunchSystemwiltstillcost$500perkilogram.Theprospectsforspaceente_dseandsettlement. arenotgoodunlessthesehighlaunchc_stsarereducedsignificantly. Overthepastthirtyyears,severalconceptshavebeendevelopedforlaunchir_la{_opayloadsintoEarth orbitcheaplyusing"_rJeceelevators."The._estructurescanbesupportedbyeithe.rs_ati,for:: -
Iac-04-Iaa.3.8.3.07 the Lunar Space Elevator
IAC-04-IAA.3.8.3.07 THE LUNAR SPACE ELEVATOR Jerome Pearson, Eugene Levin, John Oldson, and Harry Wykes STAR Inc., Mount Pleasant, SC USA; [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper examines lunar space elevators, a concept originated by the lead author, for lunar development. Lunar space elevators are flexible structures connecting the lunar surface with counterweights located beyond the L1 or L2 Lagrangian points in the Earth- moon system. A lunar space elevator on the moon’s near side, balanced about the L1 Lagrangian point, could support robotic climbing vehicles to release lunar material into high Earth orbit. A lunar space elevator on the moon’s far side, balanced about L2, could provide nearly continuous communication with an astronomical observatory on the moon’s far side, away from the optical and radio interference from the Earth. Because of the lower mass of the moon, such lunar space elevators could be constructed of existing materials instead of carbon nanotubes, and would be much less massive than the Earth space elevator. We review likely spots for development of lunar surface operations (south pole locations for water and continuous sunlight, and equatorial locations for lower delta-V), and examine the likely payload requirements for Earth-to-moon and moon-to-Earth transportation. We then examine its capability to launch large amounts of lunar material into high Earth orbit, and do a top-level system analysis to evaluate the potential payoffs of lunar space elevators. SPACE ELEVATOR HISTORY The idea of a "stairway to heaven" is as as the rotation period of the body. -
The Electromagnetic Drive: an Equilibrium Between Forces at the Geostationary Orbit of Jupiter
The Electromagnetic Drive: an equilibrium between forces at the geostationary orbit of Jupiter Alberto Caballero1 Abstract: In this research note it is proposed how the equilibrium between the Lorentz force and the centrifugal force in a crewed spacecraft acting as a tidally stabilised skyhook, and orbiting the geostationary orbit of Jupiter, could prevent the spacecraft form deorbiting and reaching unbearable accelerations. A pair of superconducting electromagnetics would produce a constantly-increasing Lorentz Force, which would cancel the centrifugal force while producing a constant acceleration of 4 g, the limit that a crew could withstand during long periods of time. Key-words: Lorentz force, centrifugal force, electromagnetic propulsion, skyhook, space tether, interstellar travel, speed of light. Space tethers are long cables which can be used for propulsion, momentum exchange, stabilization and attitude control, as well as maintaining the relative positions of the components of a large dispersed satellite or spacecraft sensor system. One type of space tether is the skyhook. Specifically, a non-rotating skyhook is a vertical gravity-gradient stabilized tether. Here I wish to discuss how a balance between the Lorentz force (which would act as the centripetal force) and the centrifugal force could provide a high yet bearable acceleration to a crewed skyhook-style spacecraft orbiting Jupiter at geostationary altitude. The escape velocity of Jupiter is 59.5 km/s. Any spacecraft orbiting at a higher speed would leave the geostationary orbit, and the Lorentz force would gradually weaken to the point of disappearing. A possible balance between forces could be achieved with the proper configuration of a system formed by a pair of superconducting electromagnets, one on each side of the spacecraft.