Flying Machines of the Future

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Flying Machines of the Future Flying machines of the future Boeing’s Phantom s a massive hybrid neutrally the stuff of science fiction? No. Just buoyant aircraft delivers oversized a glimpse at some of the capabilities and Works looks into the A pipeline equipment north of the applications of projects in various stages future to come up with Arctic Circle, a homeowner uses the of development by employees of Phantom Internet to check the cheapest time to Works, the division of Boeing Defense, some ‘pretty cool stuff’ run a load of laundry. Space & Security charged with advanced by Marc Sklar At 65,000 feet (19,800 meters) over development. With a team of only about a battlefield, a liquid-hydrogen-powered 2,000 employees, Phantom Works has aircraft keeps tabs on troop movements numerous programs and initiatives going GRAPHICS: (Above) the Phantom Ray and helps control unmanned attack at any one time in fields as varied as unmanned flying test bed, shown in an artist’s concept, is 36 feet (11 meters) long aircraft flying from carriers 500 miles aviation, space, energy management, with a wingspan of 50 feet (15 meters). It (800 kilometers) offshore. and military and intelligence operations. is scheduled for systems, ground and flight officials in a major city monitor “What we do is look into the future tests this year. MICK MONAHAN/BOEING massive security operations for a global and work with our customers to determine (Right) Phantom Works and SkyHook sports event, while hundreds of miles where capability gaps may exist,” said International are developing this neutrally above, nanosatellites—each the size Darryl Davis, Phantom Works president. buoyant hybrid aircraft for heavy-lift of a toaster oven—collect data on crop “that can mean anything from advanced operations into remote areas. It will be capable of lifting up to 40 tons (36 metric conditions, flood threats, the health of aircraft to spacecraft to network systems tons). JOE NAUJOKAS/BOEING the planet and more. to energy management to hovercraft to 12 BOEING FRONTIERS / CoVER STORY BOEING FRONTIERS / APRIL 2010 hybrid airships to unmanned vehicles tions for multiple BDS businesses in only Phantom Ray builds on Boeing’s successes to security systems, as well as all the four hours. “We were told that the success with the X-45A and X-45B Unmanned components that go into those. It’s of the event was influential toward enhanc- Combat Air Systems, and the development pretty cool stuff!” ing Boeing’s work with the customers,” work done on the X-45C. In 2010, Phantom Stuff with intriguing names such as Meyer said. Ray will undergo ground and systems tests, Phantom Ray, Phantom Eye, SkyHook “I’m thrilled that our small team can leading to first flight later in the year. Flying and WaveRider. significantly impact things like sales or and testing Phantom Ray will demonstrate “It’s really cool to work in an environ- Boeing’s presence around the world.” Boeing’s commitment to be a leader in ment where leadership provides whatever Phantom Works and BDS focus the unmanned aircraft business. is needed to nurture creativity,” said Krishna resources on what’s known as rapid Another Boeing-funded prototype Badrinath, a manager with Advanced prototyping. this is the process of rapidly is the Phantom Eye High Altitude Long Modeling & Simulation. “We get to work and affordably developing a model, vehicle Endurance (HALE) unmanned aircraft on projects that leverage smart ideas and or system. Phantom Works typically program. tests of a liquid-hydrogen- best-in-class technologies. Ultimately, that focuses on “technology demonstrators” powered propulsion system are under helps Boeing be far more competitive.” to prove a new technology or set of way while the prototype aircraft is being Ann Meyer is also a manager with technologies. these usually are built built. the HALE prototype would be Advanced Modeling & Simulation. Last using minimal tooling. able to remain on station for more summer, her 16-member team executed one result of this prototyping effort than four days at an altitude of about 16 modeling and simulation demonstra- is Phantom Ray, announced in early 2009. 65,000 feet (19,800 meters). It would “We get to work on projects that leverage smart ideas and best-in-class technologies.” – Krishna Badrinath, a manager with Advanced Modeling & Simulation PHOTO: FRED TROILO/BOEING BOEING FRONTIERS / CoVER STORY BOEING FRONTIERS / APRIL 2010 13 “I’m thrilled that our small team can significantly impact things like sales or Boeing’s presence around the world.” – Ann Meyer, a manager with Advanced Modeling & Simulation PHOTO: MICHAEL GAIL/BOEING GRAPHIC: the Phantom Eye High Altitude Long Endurance prototype is being built to stay aloft for up to 10 days and carry up to 2,000 pounds (910 kilograms) of payload. Potential applications for the liquid-hydrogen-powered aircraft include battlefield and border observation, port security and telecommunications. MICK MONAHAN/BOEING carry out intelligence, surveillance and program manager. “this is a true flying electrical and software integration was reconnaissance missions. A full-production vehicle, not just the engine demonstrator complete,” said Vogel. “It was a key step aircraft would likely be able to stay on the program was initially established to be. on the way to our upcoming flights.” station for up to 10 days. It has all the systems of an aircraft.” on the other end of the speed range While Phantom Eye would be Four flight tests are scheduled this is the SkyHook Heavy Lift Vehicle. (See stationed over one area for long periods year. the demonstrator will launch over story on Page 22 of the August 2009 issue of time, the X-51A WaveRider will streak the Point Mugu Pacific test Range in of Frontiers.) Currently being designed by across the sky at more than a mile per California from a U.S. Air Force Boeing Boeing for its Canadian partner SkyHook second (1.6 kilometers per second). B-52H carrier aircraft. After release, an International, the neutrally buoyant vehicle A program of the Air Force Research onboard booster will accelerate the X-51A will measure 410 feet (137 meters) long, Laboratory and Defense Advanced to about Mach 4.5 (or 4.5 times the speed 205 feet (62 meters) wide and 141 feet Research Projects Agency, WaveRider of sound) before its air-breathing engine (43 meters) high. SkyHook combines a is a scramjet demonstration aircraft for takes over and hurls WaveRider to speeds helium-filled envelope that carries the hypersonic flight testing. in excess of Mach 6. weight of the vehicle itself with four heli- “the X-51A will set the foundation for In December, the WaveRider took to copter rotors that generate the power to lift several hypersonic applications including the skies in a “captive carry” test under payloads of up to 40 tons (36 metric tons). access to space, reconnaissance, strike, the wing of a B-52H. “that test was the Ducted propellers are used for maneuver- global reach and commercial transporta- culmination of many months of hard work ing and can propel the aircraft horizontally, tion,” said Joseph Vogel, Boeing X-51 by the X-51A team to verify that hardware, at maximum payload, up to 200 nautical 14 BOEING FRONTIERS / APRIL 2010 BOEING FRONTIERS / CoVER STORY “I’m confident our work will result in a deployed system that will be a huge benefit to the warfighters.” – Phil Stranahan, integrated software product team lead with Advanced Network & Space Systems PHOTO: MICHAEL GAIL/BOEING GRAPHIC: the X-51A WaveRider is expected to demonstrate the ability of an air-breathing vehicle to exceed speeds of Mach 6. BOEING miles (230 miles, or 370 kilometers) without incorporate changes along the way,” said nanosatellites and picosatellites. these refueling. the SkyHook can be used for Phil Stranahan, who leads an integrated tiny spacecraft (nanosatellites are space- hauling heavy equipment to remote sites for software product team with Advanced craft weighing less than 22 pounds, or uses such as power-line installation, or for Network & Space Systems. “It’s very 10 kilograms; picosatellites weigh less extractive industries, such as mines, when challenging, but I’m confident our work than about 3 pounds, or 1 kilogram) are roads do not exist. will result in a deployed system that will demonstrating both what small satellites At much higher altitudes, a Phantom be a huge benefit to the warfighters.” and smaller components can do to boost Works–led team is successfully demon- In mid-2009, the U.S. Defense the capability of larger satellites. Boeing’s strating an enhancement to the global Advanced Research Projects Agency CubeSat testBed 1 nanosatellite has Positioning System that helps warfighters awarded a Phantom Works–led industry completed more than 10,000 Earth obtain vital positioning information even team a $15.5 million contract for phase 2 orbits and successfully demonstrated when enemies are jamming the signals. of the Fast Access Spacecraft testbed. numerous advanced technologies. the High Integrity gPS program will make the program is an effort to develop a new Also on the drawing board are ideas access to the positioning information ultra-lightweight High Power generation for advanced fighter aircraft for the more reliable. System that can generate up to 175 kilo- U.S. Navy, known as F/A-XX, and a “What’s unique about the program is watts of power for spacecraft. that’s more next-generation U.S. Air Force bomber. that the requirements for the system are power than is currently available to the Wendy teare, an operations analyst developed as the technology matures; International Space Station. with Advanced Boeing Military Aircraft, is so we’ve had to build software that can Boeing also continues research in conducting virtual experiments with Navy BOEING FRONTIERS / APRIL 2010 BOEING FRONTIERS / CoVER STORY 15 engineers and operators in the Virtual allow everyone from power companies to logistics command and control network.” Warfare Center.
Recommended publications
  • Greetings Members and Friends of EAA Chapter 866
    Dunn Airpark approx.. 1 mile west Landing This is Chain of Lakes Park behind Parrish Hospital. Dunn Airpark flyers take note, one of ours used this to land on NO damage done to plane or anything on the ground! Commendable! Greetings Members and Friends of EAA Chapter 866, Les Boatright Happy Early Independence Day!! I hope you all have a Happy, Safe, and Fun-Filled Fourth of July! With all the long hours of daylight, this is a great time of year to do some aviating, just make sure you steer clear of the “Bombs Bursting in Air” and other Independence Day Holiday Hazards. But most of all, don’t forget that we’ll be serving up some Firecracker Hot Flap-Jacks on the morning Saturday July 1st. I hope to see you all there! PANTHER UPDATE As most of you know, since the beginning of the year I’ve been working with two other chapter members, your V.P. Ed Brennan, and also Bob Rychel to build a Panther Light Sport Aircraft. One of the great things about building this airplane is the fact that it gives me something else to write about in the monthly chapter newsletter. That reminds me . You other builders out there who have some amazing projects underway, we’d love to read something about your projects too. Tell us how they’re coming along, and send a few pictures. I know there are at least a dozen active builder projects in our chapter right now with at least 3 that are close to being finished.
    [Show full text]
  • The Space Elevator Development Program
    55th International Astronautical Congress 2004 - Vancouver, Canada IAC-04-IAA.3.8.2.01 THE SPACE ELEVATOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM Bradley C. Edwards Carbon Designs, Inc., United States [email protected] ABSTRACT For 40 years, the space elevator has been a concept in science fiction and appearing occasionally in technical journals. Versions of the space elevator concept have generally been megalithic in design. However, recent advances in technology and new designs for an initial space elevator have presented a much smaller and a more realistic version that has created a renewed interest in serious technical study. There are now over a dozen entities and hundreds of engineers and scientists with active research related to the space elevator. The activity includes conferences, engineering competitions, extensive media coverage, international collaborations, publications and private investment. These activities are rapidly expanding with the number of publications in 2004 nearly ten times the total for the prior forty years. INTRODUCTION The space elevator concept has been around for spacecraft, the power delivery system, many years (Tower of Babel, Jack and the challenges to the system, etc. Beanstalk, Clarke’s Fountains of Paradise, Robinson’s Red Mars) and between 1960 and The basic design presented in the NIAC work 1999 a few technical studies addressed the has stressed simplicity – a single, small, static basics of the system (Moravec, 1977; Isaacs, ribbon with mechanical climbers that ascend 1966; Pearson, 1975; Smitherman, 2000). These using conventional electric motors (figure 1). studies addressed the oscillations inherit in the The design implements conventional technology system, the taper requirements, and the general with little or no development wherever possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Cislunar Tether Transport System
    FINAL REPORT on NIAC Phase I Contract 07600-011 with NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts, Universities Space Research Association CISLUNAR TETHER TRANSPORT SYSTEM Report submitted by: TETHERS UNLIMITED, INC. 8114 Pebble Ct., Clinton WA 98236-9240 Phone: (206) 306-0400 Fax: -0537 email: [email protected] www.tethers.com Report dated: May 30, 1999 Period of Performance: November 1, 1998 to April 30, 1999 PROJECT SUMMARY PHASE I CONTRACT NUMBER NIAC-07600-011 TITLE OF PROJECT CISLUNAR TETHER TRANSPORT SYSTEM NAME AND ADDRESS OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION (Firm Name, Mail Address, City/State/Zip Tethers Unlimited, Inc. 8114 Pebble Ct., Clinton WA 98236-9240 [email protected] PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR Robert P. Hoyt, Ph.D. ABSTRACT The Phase I effort developed a design for a space systems architecture for repeatedly transporting payloads between low Earth orbit and the surface of the moon without significant use of propellant. This architecture consists of one rotating tether in elliptical, equatorial Earth orbit and a second rotating tether in a circular low lunar orbit. The Earth-orbit tether picks up a payload from a circular low Earth orbit and tosses it into a minimal-energy lunar transfer orbit. When the payload arrives at the Moon, the lunar tether catches it and deposits it on the surface of the Moon. Simultaneously, the lunar tether picks up a lunar payload to be sent down to the Earth orbit tether. By transporting equal masses to and from the Moon, the orbital energy and momentum of the system can be conserved, eliminating the need for transfer propellant. Using currently available high-strength tether materials, this system could be built with a total mass of less than 28 times the mass of the payloads it can transport.
    [Show full text]
  • Air and Space Power Journal: Fall 2011
    Fall 2011 Volume XXV, No. 3 AFRP 10-1 From the Editor Personnel Recovery in Focus ❙ 6 Lt Col David H. Sanchez, Deputy Chief, Professional Journals Capt Wm. Howard, Editor Senior Leader Perspective Air Force Personnel Recovery as a Service Core Function ❙ 7 It’s Not “Your Father’s Combat Search and Rescue” Brig Gen Kenneth E. Todorov, USAF Col Glenn H. Hecht, USAF Features Air Force Rescue ❙ 16 A Multirole Force for a Complex World Col Jason L. Hanover, USAF Department of Defense (DOD) Directive 3002.01E, Personnel Recovery in the Department of Defense, highlights personnel recovery (PR) as one of the DOD’s highest priorities. As an Air Force core function, PR has experienced tremendous success, having performed 9,000 joint/multinational combat saves in the last two years and having flown a total of 15,750 sorties since 11 September 2001. Despite this admirable record, the author contends that the declining readiness of aircraft and equipment as well as chronic staffing shortages prevents Air Force rescue from meeting the requirements of combatant commanders around the globe. To halt rescue’s decline, a numbered Air Force must represent this core function, there- by ensuring strong advocacy and adequate resources for this lifesaving, DOD-mandated function. Strategic Rescue ❙ 26 Vectoring Airpower Advocates to Embrace the Real Value of Personnel Recovery Maj Chad Sterr, USAF The Air Force rescue community has expanded beyond its traditional image of rescuing downed air- crews to encompass a much larger set of capabilities and competencies that have strategic impact on US operations around the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Aerodynamic Characteristics of Two Waverider-Derived Hypersonic Cruise Configurations
    NASA Technical Paper 3559 Aerodynamic Characteristics of Two Waverider-Derived Hypersonic Cruise Configurations Charles E. Cockrell, Jr., Lawrence D. Huebner, and Dennis B. Finley July 1996 NASA Technical Paper 3559 Aerodynamic Characteristics of Two Waverider-Derived Hypersonic Cruise Configurations Charles E. Cockrell, Jr. and Lawrence D. Huebner Langley Research Center • Hampton, Virginia Dennis B. Finley Lockheed-Fort Worth Company • Fort Worth, Texas National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center • Hampton, Virginia 23681-0001 July 1996 Available electronically at the following URL address: http:lltechreports.larc.nasa.govlltrslitrs.html Printed copies available from the following: NASA Center for AeroSpace Information National Technical Information Service (NTIS) 800 Elkridge Landing Road 5285 Port Royal Road Linthicum Heights, MD 21090-2934 Springfield, VA 22161-2171 (301) 621-0390 (703) 487-4650 Abstract An evaluation was made of the effects of integrating the required aircraft compo- nents with hypersonic high-lift configurations known as waveriders to create hyper- sonic cruise vehicles. Previous studies suggest that waveriders offer advantages in aerodynamic performance and propulsionairframe integration (PAl) characteristics over conventional non-waverider hypersonic shapes. A wind-tunnel model was devel- oped that integrates vehicle components, including canopies, engine components, and control surfaces, with two pure waverider shapes, both conical-flow-derived wave- riders for a design Mach number of 4.0. Experimental data and limited computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solutions were obtained over a Mach number range of 1.6 to 4.63. The experimental data show the component build-up effects and the aero- dynamic characteristics of the fully integrated configurations, including control sur- face effectiveness.
    [Show full text]
  • Science & Technology Trends 2020-2040
    Science & Technology Trends 2020-2040 Exploring the S&T Edge NATO Science & Technology Organization DISCLAIMER The research and analysis underlying this report and its conclusions were conducted by the NATO S&T Organization (STO) drawing upon the support of the Alliance’s defence S&T community, NATO Allied Command Transformation (ACT) and the NATO Communications and Information Agency (NCIA). This report does not represent the official opinion or position of NATO or individual governments, but provides considered advice to NATO and Nations’ leadership on significant S&T issues. D.F. Reding J. Eaton NATO Science & Technology Organization Office of the Chief Scientist NATO Headquarters B-1110 Brussels Belgium http:\www.sto.nato.int Distributed free of charge for informational purposes; hard copies may be obtained on request, subject to availability from the NATO Office of the Chief Scientist. The sale and reproduction of this report for commercial purposes is prohibited. Extracts may be used for bona fide educational and informational purposes subject to attribution to the NATO S&T Organization. Unless otherwise credited all non-original graphics are used under Creative Commons licensing (for original sources see https://commons.wikimedia.org and https://www.pxfuel.com/). All icon-based graphics are derived from Microsoft® Office and are used royalty-free. Copyright © NATO Science & Technology Organization, 2020 First published, March 2020 Foreword As the world Science & Tech- changes, so does nology Trends: our Alliance. 2020-2040 pro- NATO adapts. vides an assess- We continue to ment of the im- work together as pact of S&T ad- a community of vances over the like-minded na- next 20 years tions, seeking to on the Alliance.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lapcat-Mr2 Hypersonic Cruiser Concept
    THE LAPCAT-MR2 HYPERSONIC CRUISER CONCEPT J. Steelant and T. Langener* * ESA-ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, Netherlands Vehicle Design, Hypersonic Flight, Combined Cycle Engine, Dual-Mode Ramjet Abstract thus bringing the elliptical combustor cross section to a circular cross-section. During Ramjet-mode, this This paper describes the MR2, a Mach 8 nozzle was used as a combustor that thermally cruise passenger vehicle, conceptually designed for choked, allowing for supersonic expansion in the antipodal flight from Brussels to Sydney in less than second nozzle. The second nozzle itself was 4 hours. This is one of the different concepts studied streamtraced from an axisymmetric isentropic within the LAPCAT II project [1]. It is an evolution expansion and truncated to a suitable length. Both of a previous vehicle, the MR1 based upon a dorsal nozzles were designed for cruise conditions. mounted engine, as a result of multiple optimization The final vehicle is shown below in Figure 1 iterations [2] leading to the MR2.4 concepts. The while specific details of the design are expanded main driver was the optimal integration of a high upon in the next section. performance propulsion unit within an aerodynamically efficient wave rider design, whilst guaranteeing sufficient volume for tankage, payload and other subsystems. Introduction The aerodynamics for the MR2 is a waverider form based upon an adapted osculating cone method enabling to construct the vehicle from the leading edge while reducing integration problems between the aerodynamics and the intake. The intake was constructed using Figure 1 MR2 Vehicle streamtracing methods from an axisymmetric inward turning compression surface and was integrated on top of the waverider in a dorsal layout.
    [Show full text]
  • Achievable Space Elevators for Space Transportation and Starship
    1991012826-321 :1 TRANSPORTATIONACHIEVABLE SPACEAND ELEVATORSTARSHIPSACCELERATFOR SP_CEION ._ Fl_t_ Dynamic_L',_rator_ N91-22162 Wright-PattersonAFB,Ohio ABSTRACT Spaceelevatorconceptslorlow-costspacelau,'x,,hea_rereviewed.Previousconceptssuffered;rein requirementsforultra-high-strengthmaterials,dynamicallyunstablesystems,orfromdangerofoollisionwith spacedeb._s.Theuseofmagneticgrain_reams,firstF_posedby BenoitLeben,solvestheseproblems. Magneticgrain_reamscansupportshortspace6!evatorsforliftingpayloadscheaplyintoEarthorbit, overcomingthematerialstrengthp_Oiemin.buildingspaceelevators.Alternatively,thestreamcouldsupport an internationaspaceportl circling__heEarthdailyt_nsofmilesabovetheequator,accessibleto adv_ncad aircraft.Marscouldbe equippedwitha similargrainstream,usingmaterialfromitsmoonsPhobosandDefines. Grain-streamarcsaboutthesuncould_ usedforfastlaunchestotheouterplanetsandforaccelerating starshipsto nearikjhtspeedforinterstella:recor_naisar',cGraie. nstreamsareessentiallyimperviousto collisions,andcouldreducethecost_f spacetranspo_ationbyan o_er c,,fmagnih_e. iNTRODUCTION Themajorob_,tacletorapi( spacedevei,apmentisthehighco_ oflaunct_!,'D_gayloadsintoEarthorbit. Currentlaunchcostsare morethan_3000per kilogramand, rocketvehicles_ch asNASP,S,_nger_,'_the AdvancedLaunchSystemwiltstillcost$500perkilogram.Theprospectsforspaceente_dseandsettlement. arenotgoodunlessthesehighlaunchc_stsarereducedsignificantly. Overthepastthirtyyears,severalconceptshavebeendevelopedforlaunchir_la{_opayloadsintoEarth orbitcheaplyusing"_rJeceelevators."The._estructurescanbesupportedbyeithe.rs_ati,for::
    [Show full text]
  • The Electromagnetic Drive: an Equilibrium Between Forces at the Geostationary Orbit of Jupiter
    The Electromagnetic Drive: an equilibrium between forces at the geostationary orbit of Jupiter Alberto Caballero1 Abstract: In this research note it is proposed how the equilibrium between the Lorentz force and the centrifugal force in a crewed spacecraft acting as a tidally stabilised skyhook, and orbiting the geostationary orbit of Jupiter, could prevent the spacecraft form deorbiting and reaching unbearable accelerations. A pair of superconducting electromagnetics would produce a constantly-increasing Lorentz Force, which would cancel the centrifugal force while producing a constant acceleration of 4 g, the limit that a crew could withstand during long periods of time. Key-words: Lorentz force, centrifugal force, electromagnetic propulsion, skyhook, space tether, interstellar travel, speed of light. Space tethers are long cables which can be used for propulsion, momentum exchange, stabilization and attitude control, as well as maintaining the relative positions of the components of a large dispersed satellite or spacecraft sensor system. One type of space tether is the skyhook. Specifically, a non-rotating skyhook is a vertical gravity-gradient stabilized tether. Here I wish to discuss how a balance between the Lorentz force (which would act as the centripetal force) and the centrifugal force could provide a high yet bearable acceleration to a crewed skyhook-style spacecraft orbiting Jupiter at geostationary altitude. The escape velocity of Jupiter is 59.5 km/s. Any spacecraft orbiting at a higher speed would leave the geostationary orbit, and the Lorentz force would gradually weaken to the point of disappearing. A possible balance between forces could be achieved with the proper configuration of a system formed by a pair of superconducting electromagnets, one on each side of the spacecraft.
    [Show full text]
  • Space Colonization Using Space-Elevators from Phobos
    Space Colonization Using Space-Elevators from Phobos Leonard M. Weinstein Advanced Measurement and Diagnostics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA Phone: (757)864-5543, fax: (757)864-8315, [email protected] Abstract. A novel approach is examined for creating an industrial civilization beyond Earth. The approach would take advantage of the unique configuration of Mars and its moon Phobos to make a transportation system capable of raising mass from the surface of Mars to space at a low cost. Mars would be used as the primary location for support personnel and infrastructure. Phobos would be used as a source of raw materials for space-based activity, and as an anchor for tethered carbon-nanotube-based space-elevators. One space-elevator would terminate at the upper edge of Mars' atmosphere. Small craft would be launched from Mars' surface to rendezvous with the moving elevator tip and their payloads detached and raised with solar powered loop elevators to Phobos. Another space-elevator would be extended outward from Phobos to launch craft toward the Earth/Moon system or the asteroid belt. The outward tip would also be used to catch arriving craft. This approach would allow Mars to be colonized, and allow transportation of people and supplies from Mars to support the space industry. In addition, large quantities of material obtained from Phobos could be used to construct space habitats and also supply propellant and material for space industry in the Earth/Moon system as well as around Mars. INTRODUCTION Numerous papers and books extensively examine the requirement and the potential value to establish a civilization in space and on other planets.
    [Show full text]
  • From Leo to the Planets Using Waveriders
    AlAA, 99-4803 From Leo. to th.e Planets Using Waveriders ‘. A. D. McRonald,J1 E. Randolph., Jet PropulsionLaboratory CaliforniaInstitute of Technology. M.‘J. Lewis Universityof Maryland E. p. Bbnfiglio,J:Longuski .- PurdueUn iversity I’ P.Kolodziej NASA-AmesResearch Center th International’ Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems arid Technologies Conference. and _ 3rd Weakly Ionized-Gases Workshop l-5. November 1’999 Norfolk, VA For permiss/on to copy or republish, contact the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 1801 Alexander Bell Drive, Suite 500, Reston, VA 20191 (c)l999 American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautic‘s or publisher! with permission of author(s) and/or authdr(s)’ sponsoring organization. t i AIAA-99-4803 . FROM LEO TO THE PLANETS USING WAVERIDERS A. D. McRonald, J. E. Randolph Jet PropulsionLaboratory California Institute of Technology. M. J. Lewis University of Maryland E. P. Bonfiglio, J. Longuski PurdueUniversity P.Kolodziej Ames ResearchCenter ABSTRACT control surfaces, along with engines and propellant to escapefrom Earth, Other advantagesof this A revolution& interplanetary transportation techniqueover normalinterplanetary delivery methods techniqueknown as Aero-Gravity Assist (AGA) has will be discussed. beenstudied by JPL and others to enablerelatively, short trip times betweenEarth andthe other planets. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND It takes advantageof an advancedhypersonic vehicle known as a waverider that uses its high lift to fly The idea to employ the terrestrialplanets as an energy through the atmospheresof Venus and Mars to sourceusing aero-gravity-assist(AGA) maneuversto provide exceptionally large velocity changesusing significantly increasethe velocity of interplanetary gravity-assist maneuvers. The concept has been spacecraft was first discussed for the Stat-probe understudy in a joint programbetween JPL and the mission to the sun] in 1982.
    [Show full text]
  • Design Processes and Criteria for the X-51A Flight Vehicle Airframe
    UNCLASSIFIED/UNLIMITED Design Processes and Criteria for the X-51A Flight Vehicle Airframe Jeffery Lane Boeing Integrated Defense Systems 5301 Bolsa Ave. M/C H010-B017 Huntington Beach, CA 92647 USA [email protected] ABSTRACT Flight vehicle airframes in today’s advanced flight systems are required to optimally integrate a variety of multi-functional requirements to maximize effectiveness with acceptable risk. The X-51A airframe design process and criteria draw upon decades of successful design of both manned and unmanned flight vehicles for production and experimental intent. This paper summarizes the X-51A vehicle mission requirements, system design, design processes used for airframe synthesis, design safety factors, success criteria and issues facing the incorporation of advanced optimization techniques in the development of airframes for vehicles such as the X-51A. 1.0 INTRODUCTION The X-51A program is a jointly funded project sponsored by two US government agencies: the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) with AFRL as the lead project office [1]. The fundamental objective of the X-51A flight test program is to flight demonstrate the USAF Hypersonic Technology (HyTech) scramjet engine being developed by Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne under contract to the AFRL (Figure 1). The scramjet engine is based on a hydrocarbon fuel that ignites and operates in both acceleration and cruise modes in the Mach 4.5 to 6.5 range. The engine flowpath is cooled using fuel to both maintain tolerable flowpath temperatures as well as “crack” the fuel to facilitate ignition once it is injected into the combustion region of the scramjet engine.
    [Show full text]