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PDF Zum Download Sonderdruck aus: Beiträge zur Archäozoologie und Prähistorischen Anthropologie Band XI Herausgegeben von Stefan Flohr & Peggy Morgenstern 2018 Gesellschaft für Archäozoologie und Prähistorische Anthropologie e.V. ISBN-Nr. 978-3-95741-084-9, Preis: 45,00 EUR Bestellungen: www.archaeologie-und-buecher.de Inhalt STEFAN FLOHR, PEGGY MORGENSTERN, Vorwort . 7 SUSANNE JAHNS, ALMUTH ALSLEBEN, FELIX BITTMANN, ARTHUR BRANDE, JÖRG CHRISTIANSEN, YASMIN DANNATH, HENRIKE EFFENBERGER, THOMAS GIESECKE, KLAUS- DIETER JÄGER, WIEBKE KIRLEIS, STEFANIE KLOOß, KLAUS KLOSS†, HELMUT KROLL, ELSBETH LANGE†, ALEKSANDAR MEDOVIĆ REINDER NEEF, HANS-PETER STIKA, DIRK SUDHAUS, JULIAN WIETHOLD, STEFFEN WOLTERS, Zur Geschichte der nacheiszeitlichen Umwelt und der Kulturpflanzen im Land Brandenburg . 9 ELENA A. NIKULINA, ULRICH SCHMÖLCKE, Historische Verbreitung von Europäischem Stör (Acipenser sturio) und Atlantischem Stör (Acipenser oxyrinchus) in West- und Mitteleuropa . 37 NADINE NOLDE, Blazi Cave, Albanien. Ein Beispiel für Steinbocknutzung im östlichen Adriaraum während des Epigravettien . 45 JAN NOVÁČEK, KRISTINA SCHEELEN-NOVÁČEK, MICHAEL SCHULTZ, KARIN SCZECH, Ein spätneolithischer Skelettfund aus der Altstadt von Weimar . 63 ERICH PUCHER, Krumme Hirsche und zahnlose Wölfe – bronzezeitliche Wildtierhaltung in Stillfried . 71 KRISTINA SCHEELEN-NOVÁČEK, JAN NOVÁČEK, MICHAEL SCHULTZ, PAMELA J. ROSE, Im Kampf gefallen – ein besonderer Skeletfund aus der spätantiken Festung Hisn al-Bab (Provinz 93 Assuan) am ersten Nilkatarakt . ELISABETH STEPHAN, Viehzucht und Weidewirtschaft im Umkreis der Heuneburg. Archäozoologie, Strontiumisotopie und Modellrechnungen zum Ertragspotential von Ackerbau und Viehhaltung . 105 NORBERT BENECKE, Tierhaltung, Jagd und Fischfang in germanischen Siedlungen Brandenburgs . 125 ISABELLE JASCH, ANTJE LANGER, JULIA HAHN, MARTIN RIESENBERG, STEFAN FLOHR, JOACHIM WAHL, Sekundäre Hypertrophe Osteoarthropathie – ein seltener Befund aus dem merowingerzeitlichen Lauchheim „Mittelhofen“ (Baden-Württemberg) . 135 KONSTANTINA SALIARI, BENDEGUZ TOBIAS, ERICH DRAGANITS, KARIN WILTSCHKE- SCHROTTA, Animal bones in the burial customs of the Middle Avar Period graves in Podersdorf am See (Burgenland, Austria) . 145 KERSTIN PASDA, The visibility of the medieval itinerant kingship on the basis of animal bones in Bavarian sites . 157 KATHARINA STÖTZEL, MICHAEL SCHULTZ, Pathologische Veränderungen im Bereich der Mittelohren und des äußeren Gehörgangs von historischen Schädeln aus der Blumenbach’schen Schädelsammlung. 175 BETTINA JUNGKLAUS, Tod im Dreißigjährigen Krieg – Sonderbestattungen in Nordost- deutschland aus anthropologischer Perspektive . 185 ANJA GROTHE, BETTINA JUNGKLAUS, Der neuzeitliche Friedhof „Am Anger“ in Strausberg (Brandenburg) – Archäologie und Anthropologie . 199 CORNELIA BECKER, GANESH GÜTTER, Ereignisse am Rand des Zweiten Weltkrieges: Speisereste aus einer Müllgrube vom Tempelhofer Flugfeld, Berlin . 217 The visibility of the medieval itinerant kingship on the basis of animal bones in Bavarian sites Kerstin Pasda Zusammenfassung Der vorliegende Artikel behandelt die Sichtbarkeit von sozialen Unterschieden zwischen Hochadel, nie- derem Adel und Stadtbefunden aus dem 8.-15. Jahrhundert in Bayern anhand von Tierknochenfunden. Bei den meisten der hierbei untersuchten Burgen war der geschichtliche Werdegang bekannt. Daher konnte eine Verbindung zwischen dem sozialen Status und den archäozoologischen Ergebnissen herge- stellt werden. Verschiedene Ergebnisse konnten den Unterschiede zwischen niederem und hohem Adel nachweisen, beispielsweise der Anteil der domestizierten Tiere oder der der Jagdfauna. Hoher sozialer und politischer Status (Hochadelsburg) war immer mit einem hohen Anteil von Schwein und einem ge- ringen von Rind verbunden. In Fundstellen mit geringer politischer Bedeutung (niedere Adelsburg, Stadt) war der Anteil an Rind immer am höchsten. Der Anteil an Jagdfauna war in den Burgen des Hochadels immer höher als in den Burgen des niederen Adels. Verschiedene Gründe dürften zu diesen und weiteren Ergebnissen geführt haben. Einer ist der fundamentale Unterschied in der Aufgabe der Adeligen. Die Mitglieder des Hochadels, meistens Könige, reisten innerhalb ihres Hoheitsgebiets zwischen ihren vielen Residenzen umher, weshalb dieses System auch „Wanderkönigtum“ genannt wird. Die Hochadligen hiel- ten sich zu politischen Zwecken, aus Gründen der Verwaltung und der Rechtsprechung zeitweise auf ih- ren Residenzen auf. Die Adeligen wurden dabei von einer großen Anzahl Bediensteter begleitet. Während ihrer Aufenthalte musste daher eine große Anzahl an Menschen ernährt werden. Die archäozoologischen Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, dass dabei eine große Menge an Fleisch verbraucht wurde. Im Gegensatz da- zu lebten die Mitglieder des niederen Adels normalerweise kontinuierlich auf einer Burg. Ihre Aufgabe war die Verwaltung des Besitzes im Auftrag des Hochadels. Es ist zu vermuten, dass der niedere Adel nicht im gleichen Maße viele Menschen unterhalten konnte, wie es dem Hochadel möglich war. Summary This paper presents the investigation of social differences on the basis of animal bones between castles of high nobility, castles of the gentry and urban sites in the southwest area of Germany (Bavaria) dating from the 8th to the 15th centuries. The historical background of the castles was known in most cases, con- sequently a connection between the social status and the archaeozoological findings could be made. Sev- eral facts could be used to distinct the gentry and the high nobility, such as the portion of domestic ani- mals or the portion of game. High social and political status was always connected with a high portion of pig and a low portion of cattle. In sites with lower political significance, the portion of cattle was always the highest. The portion of game was always higher in castles of the high nobility than in castles of the gentry. Several reasons were responsible for these results. One is the fundamental difference in the duty of the nobles. The high nobles, often kings, travelled in their sphere of control and between their many residences. This system of the migrating kings is called itinerant kingship or travelling kingdom. The high nobles visited their different residences for political, administrative and jurisdictional duties. The nobles were accompanied by a large number of entourage. During these durations of stay a great number of peo- ple had to be fed. Apparently, a great amount of meat was consumed. In contrast, the gentry usually lived continuously at their castles. Their duty was the administration of the property on behalf of the high no- bles. It is reasonable to assume, that the gentry did not have the same possibility and richness to support as many people as the high nobles. Animal bones from archaeological sites are mainly MEIER 2000; DUBY 2000; ERVYNCK 1992; HIRSCH- the remains of man’s meals. In an archaeozoological FELDER 2001; STOUFF 1970). analysis of medieval sites it was investigated if The nobles were keen to dissociate themselves bones reflected the social differences of the popula- from the lower classes of society. This can be seen tion. A precondition of this work was that records for example in written restrictions from the 14th and testify the strong social differences (LAURIOUX 15th centuries when the powerful late medieval trad- 1999) actually found expression in different living ers and merchants imitated the habits of the nobles, and eating habits, not only between farmers and and following the nobles tried to prevent this by nobles but also, within the highest class of society, enacting laws (BALDWIN 1926; BOUCHER D’ARGIS between the gentry and the high nobility (DIRL- 1765; HIRSCHFELDER 2001). In earlier times these Beiträge z. Archäozool. u. Prähist. Anthropol. XI, 2018 157 laws were probably not necessary because most therefore probable and had to be taken into account. people had no great choice in their living standards However, knowledge of the history of a castle was and nutrition anyway. Food was one way to demon- often incomplete and frequent interchanges with the strate the social range of the nobles. Demonstration archaeologists about problems, changes, and unex- of power occurred already through daily meals pected phenomena were therefore necessary, and for (RIPPMANN 1994), and was carried to extremes in both sides productive. celebrations for purposes of prestige where great Years after the publication of the first results, two amounts of food and exotic meals were used to dis- more Bavarian sites were determined: The castle play social status (ALTHOFF 1997; HIRSCHFELDER Thurndorf, and the site Veitsberg (PASDA 2017, 2001; MONTANARI 1993; SCHULTZ 1969; SIMON PASDA unpubl.). In contrast of the high medieval 1959). Nobles endeavoured to use the resources of castle of Thurndorf, nothing was known about the the landscape (BENECKE 2000; CUMMINS 1988) and historical background of the early medieval site Ve- to restrict access to it by the ordinary people. The itsberg. The castle of Thurndorf confirmed the re- hunt became a privilege and the regular consumption sults from the earlier thesis. The results from the site of game a particular characteristic of the nobles Veitsberg clearly proved a high noble society and (LAURIOUX 1992). Besides this monopolization the finally demonstrated that bones can be used as social nobles were concerned also to control the fishing indicator for archaeological medieval sites in south- rights in lakes and rivers. west Germany. Most is known
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