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API-Vol-3.Pdf THE AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA PART- I VOLUME – III GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF ISM & H Contents | Monographs | Abbrevations | Appendices Legal Notices | General Notices Note: This e-Book contains Computer Database generated Monographs which are reproduced from official publication. The order of contents under the sections of Synonyms, Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka, Karma, Formulations, Therapeutic uses may be shuffled, but the contents are same from the original source. However, in case of doubt, the user is advised to refer the official book. i CONTENTS Legal Notices General Notices MONOGRAPHS Page No. S.No. Plant Name Botanical Name (asper book) 1 ËÚHAKÌ (Root) Cajanus cajan (Linnn) Millsp. 1 2 AGNlMANTHA (Root) Clerodendrum phlomidis Linn 3 3 AMBAâÙHAKÌ (Root) Hiniscus sabdariffa Linn 5 4 ËMRA (Seed) Mangifera indica Linn. 7 5 ËMRA (Stem Bark) Mangifera indica Linn. 9 6 ËMRËTA (Stem) Spondias pinnata (Linn.f.) Kurz. 11 7 APËMËRGA (Root) Achyranthus aspera Roxb. 13 8 ARALU (Stem Bark) Ailanthus excelsa (Roxb). 15 9 ARKA (Stem Bark) Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. 17 10 ASANA (Stem Bark) Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. 19 11 ASTHISAMHÎTA (Stem) Cissus quadrangularis Linn. 21 12 ËTMAGUPTË (Seed) Mucuna prurita Hook. 23 13 BHËRA×GÌ (Root) Clerodedron serratum Linn. 25 14 BÌJAPÍRA (Fresh Fruit) Citrus medica Linn. 27 15 BILVA (Root) Aegle marmelos Corr. 29 16 BIMBÌ(Whole plant) Coccinia indica W& A. 32 17 CË×GERÌ (Whole Plant) Oxalis corniculata Linn. 36 18 CIRABILVA (Fruit) Holoptelea integrifolia Planch. 39 19 DANTÌ (Root) Baliospermum montanum Muell-Arg. 41 20 DHATTÍRA (Seed) Datura metel Linn. 43 21 DRËKâË (Fruit) Vitis vinifera Linn. 45 22 DÍRVË (Root) Cynodon dactylon (Linn ) Pers. 47 23 ERAÛÚA (Fresh Leaf) Ricinus communis Linn. 49 24 ERAÛÚA (Seed) Ricinus communis Linn. 51 ii 25 GAMBHËRÌ (Stem) Gmelina arborea Roxb. 53 26 GOJIHVË (Aerial Part) Onosma bracteatum Wall. 55 27 GRANTHIPARÛÌ (Root) Leonotis nepetaefolia R.Br. 58 28 HAêSAPADÌ (Whole Plant) Adiantum lunulatum Burm. 60 29 HAPUâË (Fruit) Juniperus communis Linn. 63 30 INDRAVËRUÛÌ (Fruit) Citrullus colocynthis Schrad. 65 31 INDRAYAVA (Seed) Holorrhena antidysenterica Wall. 67 32 ÌáVARÌ (Root) Aristolochia indica Linn. 69 33 JËTÌ (Leaf) Jasminum officinale Linn. 71 34 KADALÌ (Rhizome) Musa paradisica Linn. 73 35 KËKAJA×GHË (Root) Perstrophe bicalyculata Linn. 75 36 KËKANËSIKË (Seed) Martynia annua Linn. 77 37 KËKOLÌ (Tuberous Root) Lilium polyphyllum D.Don. 79 38 KAMALA (Rhizome) Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. 81 39 KARAVÌRA (Root) Nerium indicum Mill. 84 40 KARAMARDA (Root) Carissa carandas Linn. 86 41 KËáA (Root Stock) Saccharaum spontaneum Linn. 88 Myrica esculenta Buch-Ham. Ex. 42 KAÙPHALA (Fruit) 90 D.Don. Myrica esculenta Buch-Ham. Ex. 43 KAÙPHALA (Stem Bark) 92 D.Don 44 KOLA (Fruit Pulp) Zyzyphus jujuba Lam. 94 45 KOLA (Steam Bark) Zyzyphus jujuba Lam. 96 46 KOâËTAKÌ (Whole Plant) Luffa acutangula (Linn) Roxb. 98 47 KUMUDË (Flower) Nymphaea alba Linn. 102 48 KUáA (Root Stock) Desmostachya bippanata Staph. 104 49 LË×GALÌ (Tuberous Root) Gloriosa superba Linn. 106 50 LAáUNA (Bulb) Allium sativum Linn. 108 51 MAHËBALË (Root) Sida rhombifolia Linn. 110 iii 52 MAØJIâÙHË (Stem) Rubia cordifolia Linn. 112 53 MARICA (Fruit) Piper nigrum Linn. 115 54 MËâAPARÛÌ (Whole Plant) Teramnus labialis Spreng. 118 55 MASÍRA (Seed) Lens culinaris Medic. 121 56 MUDGA (Seed) Phaseolus radiatus Linn. 123 57 MÍLAKA (Seed) Raphanus sativus Linn. 125 58 MUÛÚÌTIKË (Leaf) Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. 127 59 MUSTË (Rhizome) Cyperus rotundus Linn. 129 60 NËGAVALLÌ (Leaf) Piper betle Linn. 131 61 NËRIKELA (Endosperm) Cocos nucifera Linn. 134 Brringtonia acutangula (Linn.) 62 NICULA (Fruit) 136 Gaertn. 63 NÌLÌ (Whole Plant) Indigofera tinctoria Linn. 138 64 NIRGUÛÚÌ (Leaf) Vitex negundo Linn. 142 65 PADMAKA (Heart Wood) Prunus cerasoides D.Don. 145 66 PËÙALË (Root) Stereospermum suaveolens DC. 147 67 PHALGU (Fruit) Ficus hispida Linn. 149 68 PHALGU (Root) Ficus hispida Linn. 151 69 PRAPUNNËÚA (Seed) Cassia tora Linna. 153 70 RAKTACANDANA (Heart Wood) Pterocarpus santalinus Linn. 155 71 RAKTAPUNËRNAVA (Root) Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. 157 72 RËMAáITALIKË (Whole Plant) Amaranthus tricolor Linn. 159 73 RËSNË (Leal) Pluchea lanceolata Oliver & Hiem. 162 74 SAHACARA (Whole Plant) Barlaria prionitis Linn. 165 75 SAHADEVI (Whole Plant) Vernonia cinerea Liees. 169 76 áAILEYA (Lichen) Parmelia perlata (Huds.) Ach. 172 77 áËKA (Heart Wood) Tectona grandis Linn.F. 174 78 áËKHOÙAKA (Stem Bark) Streblus asper Lour. 176 79 SËLAPARÛÌ (Root) Desmodum gangeticum DC. 178 iv 80 SËLÌ (Fruit) Oryza sativa Linn. 181 81 áËLMALI (Stem Bark) Bombax ceiba Linn. 183 82 áAÛA (Seed) Crotalaria juncea Linn. 185 83 áËRA (Root) Saccharuam bengalense Retz. 187 84 SARALA (Heart Wood) Pinus roxburghii Sargent. 189 85 SARALA (Root) Pinus roxburghii Sargent. 191 86 SARâAPA (Seed) Brassica campestris Linn. 193 87 SATAPATRIKË (Flower) Rosa centifolia Linn. 195 88 áIêáAPË (Heart Wood) Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. 197 89 áIêáAPË (Stem Bark) Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. 199 90 áIRÌâA (Stem Bark) Albizzia lebbeck Bent. 201 91 STHAUÛEYA (Leaf) Taxus baccata Linn. 203 Amorphophallus campanulatus 92 SÍRAÛA (Corm) 205 (Roxb.) Blume. 93 áVETACANDANA (Heart Wood) Santalum album Linn. 207 94 áYONËKA (Root) Oroxylum indicum Vent. 209 95 TËLA (Inflorescence) Borassus flabellifer Linn. 211 Operculina turpenthum (Linn.) 96 TRIVRT (Root) 213 Silva Manso. 97 TUMBINÌ (Fresh Fruit) Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. 215 98 UDUMBARA (Fruit) Ficus glomerata Roxb. 217 99 UáIRË (Root) Vetiveria zizaniodes (Linn.) Nash. 219 100 UTPALA (Flower) Nymphaea stellata Willd. 221 v Appendix-1 1.1 Apparatus for Tests and Assays 1.1.1 - Nessler Cylinder 1.1.2 - Sieves 1.1.2 - Thermometers 1.1.4 - Volumetric Glassware 1.1.5 - Weights and Balances Appendix-2 2.1 Testing Drugs 2.1.1 - Systematic Study of Crude Drugs 2.1.2 - Microscopic methods of Examining Crude Vegetable Drugs 2.1.3 - Types of Stomata 2.1.4 - Determination of Stomatal Index 2.1.5 - Determination of Palisade Ratio 2.1.6 - Determination of Vein –Islet Number 2.1.7 - Determination of Stomatal Number 2.2 Determination of Quantitative Data of Vegetable Drugas 2.2.1 - Sampling of drugs 2.2.2 - Foreign Matter and Determination of Foreign matter 2.2.3 - Determination of Total Ash 2.2.4 - Determination of Acid Insoluble Ash 2.2.5 - Determination of Water Soluble Ash 2.2.6 - Determination of Alcohol soluble Extractive 2.2.7 - Determination of Water Soluble Extractive 2.2.8 - Determination o of Ether Soluble Extractive (Fixed Oil Content) 2.2.9 - Determination of Moisture Content (Loss on Drying) 2.2.10 - Determination of Volatile Oil in Drugs 2.2.11 - Special Processes used in Alkaloidal Assays 2.2.11-a - Continuous Extraction of Drugs 2.2.11-b - Tests for Complete Extraction of Alkaloids 2.2.12 - Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) 2.3 Limit Tests 2.3.1 - Limit Test for Arsenic 2.3.2 - Limit Test for Chlorides 2.3.3 - Limit Test for Heavy Metals 2.3.4 - Limit Test for Iron 2.3.5 - Limit Test for lead 2.3.6 - Sulphated Ash 2.3.7 - Limit Test for Sulphates vi Appendix-3 3.1 Physical Tests and determinations 2.3.1 - Powder Fineness 2.3.2 - Refractive Index 2.3.3 - Weight per milliliter and Specific Gravity Appendix-4 4.1 Reagents and Solutions Appendix-5 5.1 - Weights and Measures 5.2 - Approximate Equivalents of Doses in Indian System and Metric System Appendix- 6 Classical Ayurvedic References Index English equivalents of Ayurvedic clinical conditions and diseases Definition of Rasa Guna Vipaka Virya vii LEGAL NOTICES In India there are laws dealing with drugs that are the subject of monographs which follow. These monographs should be read subject to the restrictions imposed by these laws wherever they are applicable. It is expedient that enquiry be made in each case in order to ensure that the provisions of the law are being complied with. In general, the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940 (subsequently amended in 1964 and 1982), the Dangerous Drugs Act, 1930 and the Poisons Act, 1919 and the rules framed thereunder should be consulted. Under the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (A.P.I.), Part-I, Vol. III, is the book of standards for single drugs included therein and the standards prescribed in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-I, Vol. III would be official. If considered necessary these standards can be amended and the Chairman of the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee authorised to issue such amendments. Whenever such amendments are issued the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-I, Vol. III, would be deemed to have been amended accordingly. viii GENERAL NOTICES Title - The title of the book is “Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of Name of the Drugs - The name given on the top of each monograph of the drug is in Sanskrit as mentioned in the Ayurvedic classics and/or in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India , Part-I and Part-II will be considered official. These names have been arranged in English alphabetical order. The Latin name (taxonomical nomenclature) of each drug as found in authentic scientific literature has been provided in the monograph in the introductory paragraph. The official name will be the main title of the drug and its scientific name will also be considered as legal name. Introductory Para - Each monograph begins with an introductory paragraph indicating the part, scientific name of the drug in Latin with short description about its habit, distribution and method of collection, if any. Synonyms - Synonyms of each drug appearing in each monograph in Sanskrit, English, Hindi, Urdu and other Indian regional languages have been mentioned as found in the classical texts, Ayurvedic Formulary of India, Part-I and Part-II as procured from the experts, scholars of Ayurveda and officials in the field from different states. Italics - Italic type has been used for scientific name of the drug appearing in the introductory paragraph of each monograph as also for chemicals and reagents, substances or processes described in Appendix.
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