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THE AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA PART- I VOLUME – III GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF ISM & H Contents | Monographs | Abbrevations | Appendices Legal Notices | General Notices Note: This e-Book contains Computer Database generated Monographs which are reproduced from official publication. The order of contents under the sections of Synonyms, Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka, Karma, Formulations, Therapeutic uses may be shuffled, but the contents are same from the original source. However, in case of doubt, the user is advised to refer the official book. i CONTENTS Legal Notices General Notices MONOGRAPHS Page No. S.No. Plant Name Botanical Name (asper book) 1 ËÚHAKÌ (Root) Cajanus cajan (Linnn) Millsp. 1 2 AGNlMANTHA (Root) Clerodendrum phlomidis Linn 3 3 AMBAâÙHAKÌ (Root) Hiniscus sabdariffa Linn 5 4 ËMRA (Seed) Mangifera indica Linn. 7 5 ËMRA (Stem Bark) Mangifera indica Linn. 9 6 ËMRËTA (Stem) Spondias pinnata (Linn.f.) Kurz. 11 7 APËMËRGA (Root) Achyranthus aspera Roxb. 13 8 ARALU (Stem Bark) Ailanthus excelsa (Roxb). 15 9 ARKA (Stem Bark) Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. 17 10 ASANA (Stem Bark) Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. 19 11 ASTHISAMHÎTA (Stem) Cissus quadrangularis Linn. 21 12 ËTMAGUPTË (Seed) Mucuna prurita Hook. 23 13 BHËRA×GÌ (Root) Clerodedron serratum Linn. 25 14 BÌJAPÍRA (Fresh Fruit) Citrus medica Linn. 27 15 BILVA (Root) Aegle marmelos Corr. 29 16 BIMBÌ(Whole plant) Coccinia indica W& A. 32 17 CË×GERÌ (Whole Plant) Oxalis corniculata Linn. 36 18 CIRABILVA (Fruit) Holoptelea integrifolia Planch. 39 19 DANTÌ (Root) Baliospermum montanum Muell-Arg. 41 20 DHATTÍRA (Seed) Datura metel Linn. 43 21 DRËKâË (Fruit) Vitis vinifera Linn. 45 22 DÍRVË (Root) Cynodon dactylon (Linn ) Pers. 47 23 ERAÛÚA (Fresh Leaf) Ricinus communis Linn. 49 24 ERAÛÚA (Seed) Ricinus communis Linn. 51 ii 25 GAMBHËRÌ (Stem) Gmelina arborea Roxb. 53 26 GOJIHVË (Aerial Part) Onosma bracteatum Wall. 55 27 GRANTHIPARÛÌ (Root) Leonotis nepetaefolia R.Br. 58 28 HAêSAPADÌ (Whole Plant) Adiantum lunulatum Burm. 60 29 HAPUâË (Fruit) Juniperus communis Linn. 63 30 INDRAVËRUÛÌ (Fruit) Citrullus colocynthis Schrad. 65 31 INDRAYAVA (Seed) Holorrhena antidysenterica Wall. 67 32 ÌáVARÌ (Root) Aristolochia indica Linn. 69 33 JËTÌ (Leaf) Jasminum officinale Linn. 71 34 KADALÌ (Rhizome) Musa paradisica Linn. 73 35 KËKAJA×GHË (Root) Perstrophe bicalyculata Linn. 75 36 KËKANËSIKË (Seed) Martynia annua Linn. 77 37 KËKOLÌ (Tuberous Root) Lilium polyphyllum D.Don. 79 38 KAMALA (Rhizome) Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. 81 39 KARAVÌRA (Root) Nerium indicum Mill. 84 40 KARAMARDA (Root) Carissa carandas Linn. 86 41 KËáA (Root Stock) Saccharaum spontaneum Linn. 88 Myrica esculenta Buch-Ham. Ex. 42 KAÙPHALA (Fruit) 90 D.Don. Myrica esculenta Buch-Ham. Ex. 43 KAÙPHALA (Stem Bark) 92 D.Don 44 KOLA (Fruit Pulp) Zyzyphus jujuba Lam. 94 45 KOLA (Steam Bark) Zyzyphus jujuba Lam. 96 46 KOâËTAKÌ (Whole Plant) Luffa acutangula (Linn) Roxb. 98 47 KUMUDË (Flower) Nymphaea alba Linn. 102 48 KUáA (Root Stock) Desmostachya bippanata Staph. 104 49 LË×GALÌ (Tuberous Root) Gloriosa superba Linn. 106 50 LAáUNA (Bulb) Allium sativum Linn. 108 51 MAHËBALË (Root) Sida rhombifolia Linn. 110 iii 52 MAØJIâÙHË (Stem) Rubia cordifolia Linn. 112 53 MARICA (Fruit) Piper nigrum Linn. 115 54 MËâAPARÛÌ (Whole Plant) Teramnus labialis Spreng. 118 55 MASÍRA (Seed) Lens culinaris Medic. 121 56 MUDGA (Seed) Phaseolus radiatus Linn. 123 57 MÍLAKA (Seed) Raphanus sativus Linn. 125 58 MUÛÚÌTIKË (Leaf) Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. 127 59 MUSTË (Rhizome) Cyperus rotundus Linn. 129 60 NËGAVALLÌ (Leaf) Piper betle Linn. 131 61 NËRIKELA (Endosperm) Cocos nucifera Linn. 134 Brringtonia acutangula (Linn.) 62 NICULA (Fruit) 136 Gaertn. 63 NÌLÌ (Whole Plant) Indigofera tinctoria Linn. 138 64 NIRGUÛÚÌ (Leaf) Vitex negundo Linn. 142 65 PADMAKA (Heart Wood) Prunus cerasoides D.Don. 145 66 PËÙALË (Root) Stereospermum suaveolens DC. 147 67 PHALGU (Fruit) Ficus hispida Linn. 149 68 PHALGU (Root) Ficus hispida Linn. 151 69 PRAPUNNËÚA (Seed) Cassia tora Linna. 153 70 RAKTACANDANA (Heart Wood) Pterocarpus santalinus Linn. 155 71 RAKTAPUNËRNAVA (Root) Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. 157 72 RËMAáITALIKË (Whole Plant) Amaranthus tricolor Linn. 159 73 RËSNË (Leal) Pluchea lanceolata Oliver & Hiem. 162 74 SAHACARA (Whole Plant) Barlaria prionitis Linn. 165 75 SAHADEVI (Whole Plant) Vernonia cinerea Liees. 169 76 áAILEYA (Lichen) Parmelia perlata (Huds.) Ach. 172 77 áËKA (Heart Wood) Tectona grandis Linn.F. 174 78 áËKHOÙAKA (Stem Bark) Streblus asper Lour. 176 79 SËLAPARÛÌ (Root) Desmodum gangeticum DC. 178 iv 80 SËLÌ (Fruit) Oryza sativa Linn. 181 81 áËLMALI (Stem Bark) Bombax ceiba Linn. 183 82 áAÛA (Seed) Crotalaria juncea Linn. 185 83 áËRA (Root) Saccharuam bengalense Retz. 187 84 SARALA (Heart Wood) Pinus roxburghii Sargent. 189 85 SARALA (Root) Pinus roxburghii Sargent. 191 86 SARâAPA (Seed) Brassica campestris Linn. 193 87 SATAPATRIKË (Flower) Rosa centifolia Linn. 195 88 áIêáAPË (Heart Wood) Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. 197 89 áIêáAPË (Stem Bark) Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. 199 90 áIRÌâA (Stem Bark) Albizzia lebbeck Bent. 201 91 STHAUÛEYA (Leaf) Taxus baccata Linn. 203 Amorphophallus campanulatus 92 SÍRAÛA (Corm) 205 (Roxb.) Blume. 93 áVETACANDANA (Heart Wood) Santalum album Linn. 207 94 áYONËKA (Root) Oroxylum indicum Vent. 209 95 TËLA (Inflorescence) Borassus flabellifer Linn. 211 Operculina turpenthum (Linn.) 96 TRIVRT (Root) 213 Silva Manso. 97 TUMBINÌ (Fresh Fruit) Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. 215 98 UDUMBARA (Fruit) Ficus glomerata Roxb. 217 99 UáIRË (Root) Vetiveria zizaniodes (Linn.) Nash. 219 100 UTPALA (Flower) Nymphaea stellata Willd. 221 v Appendix-1 1.1 Apparatus for Tests and Assays 1.1.1 - Nessler Cylinder 1.1.2 - Sieves 1.1.2 - Thermometers 1.1.4 - Volumetric Glassware 1.1.5 - Weights and Balances Appendix-2 2.1 Testing Drugs 2.1.1 - Systematic Study of Crude Drugs 2.1.2 - Microscopic methods of Examining Crude Vegetable Drugs 2.1.3 - Types of Stomata 2.1.4 - Determination of Stomatal Index 2.1.5 - Determination of Palisade Ratio 2.1.6 - Determination of Vein –Islet Number 2.1.7 - Determination of Stomatal Number 2.2 Determination of Quantitative Data of Vegetable Drugas 2.2.1 - Sampling of drugs 2.2.2 - Foreign Matter and Determination of Foreign matter 2.2.3 - Determination of Total Ash 2.2.4 - Determination of Acid Insoluble Ash 2.2.5 - Determination of Water Soluble Ash 2.2.6 - Determination of Alcohol soluble Extractive 2.2.7 - Determination of Water Soluble Extractive 2.2.8 - Determination o of Ether Soluble Extractive (Fixed Oil Content) 2.2.9 - Determination of Moisture Content (Loss on Drying) 2.2.10 - Determination of Volatile Oil in Drugs 2.2.11 - Special Processes used in Alkaloidal Assays 2.2.11-a - Continuous Extraction of Drugs 2.2.11-b - Tests for Complete Extraction of Alkaloids 2.2.12 - Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) 2.3 Limit Tests 2.3.1 - Limit Test for Arsenic 2.3.2 - Limit Test for Chlorides 2.3.3 - Limit Test for Heavy Metals 2.3.4 - Limit Test for Iron 2.3.5 - Limit Test for lead 2.3.6 - Sulphated Ash 2.3.7 - Limit Test for Sulphates vi Appendix-3 3.1 Physical Tests and determinations 2.3.1 - Powder Fineness 2.3.2 - Refractive Index 2.3.3 - Weight per milliliter and Specific Gravity Appendix-4 4.1 Reagents and Solutions Appendix-5 5.1 - Weights and Measures 5.2 - Approximate Equivalents of Doses in Indian System and Metric System Appendix- 6 Classical Ayurvedic References Index English equivalents of Ayurvedic clinical conditions and diseases Definition of Rasa Guna Vipaka Virya vii LEGAL NOTICES In India there are laws dealing with drugs that are the subject of monographs which follow. These monographs should be read subject to the restrictions imposed by these laws wherever they are applicable. It is expedient that enquiry be made in each case in order to ensure that the provisions of the law are being complied with. In general, the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940 (subsequently amended in 1964 and 1982), the Dangerous Drugs Act, 1930 and the Poisons Act, 1919 and the rules framed thereunder should be consulted. Under the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (A.P.I.), Part-I, Vol. III, is the book of standards for single drugs included therein and the standards prescribed in the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-I, Vol. III would be official. If considered necessary these standards can be amended and the Chairman of the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee authorised to issue such amendments. Whenever such amendments are issued the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India, Part-I, Vol. III, would be deemed to have been amended accordingly. viii GENERAL NOTICES Title - The title of the book is “Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of Name of the Drugs - The name given on the top of each monograph of the drug is in Sanskrit as mentioned in the Ayurvedic classics and/or in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India , Part-I and Part-II will be considered official. These names have been arranged in English alphabetical order. The Latin name (taxonomical nomenclature) of each drug as found in authentic scientific literature has been provided in the monograph in the introductory paragraph. The official name will be the main title of the drug and its scientific name will also be considered as legal name. Introductory Para - Each monograph begins with an introductory paragraph indicating the part, scientific name of the drug in Latin with short description about its habit, distribution and method of collection, if any. Synonyms - Synonyms of each drug appearing in each monograph in Sanskrit, English, Hindi, Urdu and other Indian regional languages have been mentioned as found in the classical texts, Ayurvedic Formulary of India, Part-I and Part-II as procured from the experts, scholars of Ayurveda and officials in the field from different states. Italics - Italic type has been used for scientific name of the drug appearing in the introductory paragraph of each monograph as also for chemicals and reagents, substances or processes described in Appendix.
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    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Ayushdhara (E-Journal) AYUSHDHARA ISSN: 2393-9583 (P)/ 2393-9591 (O) An International Journal of Research in AYUSH and Allied Systems Review Article COMPREHENSIVE DOCUMENTATION AND CRITICS ON TRINAPANCHAMULA Nagarajnaik Chavhan1*, Shashirekha H.K2, Bargale Sushant Sukumar3, S.N.Belavadi4, Tejashwini Hiremath5 *1Assistant Professor, Department of Samhita and Siddhanta, DGM Ayurvedic Medical College Hospital and Research centre, Gadag, Karnataka, India. 2Associate Professor, Department of Samhita and Siddhanta, 3Assistant Professor, Department of Swasthavritta and Yoga, SDM College of Ayurveda and Hospital Hassan, Karnataka, India. 4Professor and HOD Department of Kayachikitsa, 5Assistant Professor, Department of Samhita and Siddhanta, DGM Ayurvedic Medical College Hospital and Research centre, Gadag, Karnataka, India. KEYWORDS: Kusha, Mutravaha ABSTRACT Srotas, Mutrala, Panchamula, The word Panchamula is composed of two words Pancha (five) and Mula Trinapanchamoola. (roots). Trinapanchmula are the effective herbal formulation for Mutravaha Srotogata Vikara. This combination of drugs having Kusha, Kasha, Nala, Darbha, Kandekshu, these are explained separately as Trinapanchamula. In classics there is a sprinkled reference about utility of Trinapanchamula. Generally they are having the properties of Madhura, Kashaya rasa, Snigdha Laghu Guna, Madhura Vipaka, Sheeta Virya and Tridoshahara property. These drugs acts as Jeevaniya, Rasayana, Mutrala, Agnidipana, Ruchi-vardhaka, Garbhasthapaka, Shukra and Rakta Shodhaka, Stanyajanana and useful in Prameha, Daha, Jvara, Trishna, Arshas, Gulma, Hridroga, Vatarakta, Rakta Pitta etc. But in clinical practice it is insufficient to the mark for the application of same. The common health seeker uses many drugs in the form of grass juice in *Address for correspondence their routine practice in developed countries in that wheat grass is an Dr.
  • Pharmacological and Therapeutic Importance of Desmostachya

    Pharmacological and Therapeutic Importance of Desmostachya

    IAJPS 2017, 4 (01), 60-66 Ali Esmail Al-Snafi ISSN 2349-7750 CODEN (USA): IAJPBB ISSN: 2349-7750 INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.268944 Available online at: http://www.iajps.com Review Article PHARMACOLOGICAL AND THERAPEUTIC IMPORTANCE OF DESMOSTACHYA BIPINNATA- A REVIEW Ali Esmail Al-Snafi Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Thi qar University, Iraq. Received: 31 December 2016 Accepted: 31 January 2017 Published: 05 February 2017 Abstract: Phytochemical analysis of Desmostachya bipinnata resulted in isolation of coumarins (scopoletine and umbelliferone), carbohydrates, sugars, proteins, alkaloids, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenoids, amino acids and glycosides. Pharmacological studies revealed that the plant possessed antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, gastrointestinal, anticancer, diuretic, anti-urolithiatic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, bronchodilitation and antihistaminic effects. The current review will highlight the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Desmostachya bipinnata. Keywords: chemical constituents, pharmacology, Desmostachya bipinnata. Corresponding author: Ali Esmail Al-Snafi, QR code Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Thi qar University, Iraq. Cell: +9647801397994. E mail: [email protected] Please cite this article in press as Ali Esmail Al-Snafi, Pharmacological and Therapeutic Importance of Desmostachya Bipinnata- A Review, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2017; 4(01). www.iajps.com Page 60 IAJPS 2017, 4 (01), 60-66 Ali Esmail Al-Snafi ISSN 2349-7750 INTRODUCTION: scabrid, abaxial surface rather smooth, apex long Medicinal plants are the Nature’s gift to human acuminate; ligule ca. 0.3 mm. Inflorescence 20–60 × beings to help them pursue a disease-free healthy life. 2–3 cm; racemes ascending or spreading, crowded or Plants have been used as drugs by humans since spaced, 0.5–3.5 cm; main axis and rachis hispidulous.
  • Divine Botany-Universal and Useful but Under Explored Traditions

    Divine Botany-Universal and Useful but Under Explored Traditions

    Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol. 6(3), July 2007, pp. 534-539 Divine botany-universal and useful but under explored traditions SK Jain1* & SL Kapoor 1A-26, Mall Avenue Colony, Lucknow 226 001, Uttar Pradesh; C-166, Nirala Nagar, Lucknow 226 020, Uttar Pradesh Received 17 August 2006; revised 21 February 2007 The study of all relationships between man and plant based on faith, belief and tradition concerning gods, goddesses, saints & other such powers can be called Divine botany. There are three aspects; the knowledge and information contained in the ancient religious books and epics of various faiths; the beliefs and practices as presently observed or performed among various ethnic group, and the future prospects and possibility in this area of botany. The paper has a brief account of faith related to plant in epics like Ramayan and Mahabharat, in religious scriptures like Bible and Quran & plants associated with planets, stars, Vastu-shastra, practices relating to plants in worship and decoration of deities, taboos and plants in various ceremonies, festivals and rites from birth to death. It is discussed that such a faith belief and practice have scientific basis and is helpful for good health and preservation of biodiversity. It is also suggested that the subject is not static but due to changes in biodiversity, human attitude to tradition and introduction of many exotics in various parts of the world, there is dynamism in this relationship. The future prospects and immense possibilities of the subject are indicated. Keywords: Divine botany, Sacred plants, Scriptures, Constellations, Nakshatras IPC Int. Cl.8: A61K36/00, A61P25/00 Human relationships with plant kingdom are very civilization in India and have shown that the intense, vast and multifarious.