DOCSLIB.ORG

Processing and Mechanical Properity Evaluation of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Processing and Mechanical Properity Evaluation of Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composition International Journal of Machine and Construction Engineering, Volume 6 Issue 2 June 2019 PROCESSING AND MECHANICAL PROPERITY EVALUATION OF HYBRID FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITION M.Dhanabal1, M.Kavithanjan2, G.Malaiyappasamy3, A.Jaganath4, M.Sivaraja5 1,2,3Student, Mechanical Engineering, N.S.N College of Engineering and Technology, Karur 4Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering, N.S.N College of Engineering and Technology, Karur 5Principal, N.S.N College of Engineering and Technology, Karur ABSTRACT: Extensive efforts have been made in the last decade for the development of natural fibre composites. This development paved the way for engineers and researchers to come up with natural fibre composites (NFCs) that exhibit better mechanical properties. The present review is based on the mechanical properties of gongura, sisal, and combined fibre-reinforced composites. Before selecting any NFC for a particular application, it becomes necessary to understand its compatibility for the same, which can be decided by knowing its mechanical properties such as tensile, water absorbtionl, and impact strengths. It has given information about the suitability of gongura fiber, sisal fiber as a source of reinforcement in epoxy matrix composites. NFR composites have higher fiber content for equivalent performance which reduces the amount of more polluting base epoxy resin. The tensile properties epoxy is of about 55.65 N/mm2 But Water absorption is very low value obtained from gangura fiber. Combined fiber has more impact strength than others. But individual property of gangura is very best. 1. INTRODUCTION: polypropylene (PP) hybrid composites through compression molding technique using a twin screw extruder. The Material types and applications of new materials composites were produced with and without maleic anhydride technologies have been developed day by day. Composites or (MAPP). For the both composition, an increase as seen in the hybrid designs which constitute the basis of these materials tensile, bending and impact strengths up to 30 % by increasing consist of at least two different materials. Composite materials weight of banana fibers& areca nut fibers . Mukhopadhyay offer superior properties and formed by joining at least two and colleagues examined the behavior of banana fibers, areca different materials at the macro level. Increasing the world's nut fibers and their fracture behavior. population is leading to large amounts of waste of natural or They characterized banana fibers depending on the synthetic material. These waste materials result in diameter variation, mechanical properties and the influences environmental problems. of the stresses acting on the fracture morphology. Stress-strain The environmental problems are caused by waste curves for different strain rates were obtained. Altinisik and plastics, metals and some other lignocelluloses materials. Yilmaz carried out a study in order to examine post-harvest Parallel to the increase in population, the demand for the waste from the banana plant, natural fibers used as the forest products needed by the people grows, and the necessity reinforcement in plastic-based composites. Banana fibers, felt of finding new sources appears. For a better environment, making, handmade molding process method, tensile test were there is a need to reduce environmental pollution through made and samples obtained. Tensile strength increased with effective waste recycling and finding new ways. Plastic waste the increase in volume recorded the banana fibers in to areca and agricultural wastes are leading environmental problems. If nut fibers. A study on the banana fiber-reinforced composites we evaluate the production of composite materials, a new for automotive and transportation applications, the natural alternative source of raw materials consists. So that wood fiber reinforced composite materials was conducted. In materials need will be reduced and this is thought to be addition, many researchers have investigated the physical and important for the forest products industry. Sugarcane, mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced composites. bamboo, jute, kenaf, cotton, rice straw, rice husks, banana, areca nut, wheat, tobacco, pineapple, sunflower stalk, corn 2. MATERIALS stalk, hemp, oat straw, cotton straw, hay, rye, barley, flax and 2.1 GONGURA FIBER so on over fifty vegetable-based, research has been done to Gongura pacchadi is quintessentially Telugu cuisine produce composite materials from hundreds of lignocelluloses along with pacchadi (chutney or relish). Telugu people, material in the laboratory. mainly from the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, India, locally called it as Andhra In their study, Samal and colleagues produced a Matha in Telugu due to significance in their day to day diet. mixture of short banana and glass fiber reinforced While it has many culinary uses, the most popular is the ISSN (Online): 2394 – 3025. 31 International Journal of Machine and Construction Engineering, Volume 6 Issue 2 June 2019 pickled version. Although Gongura is widely consumed all Polymers generally act as a good binder for fibers as over Andhra Pradesh, Gongura is more popular in hotels, observed from several references. Their carry availability restaurants, eateries and food joints. It is also grown in coupled with their lower cost has provoked the selection of Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh (north east region of India) and polymer as the binder for these fibers. Unsaturated polyester also some parts of Chittagong Hill Tracts region in offer the advantage of easy mold ability, better handling and Bangladesh (which is mainly a tribal people region). It is a better flow properties. Easy fabrication and better mixing of very popular green vegetable in Chakma community and it is polyester provoke their usage. They have a low density of known as "Aamelli". Gongura is a very rich source of iron, 2.02g/cc adding to our main objective of fabricating a low vitamins, folic acid and anti-oxidants essential for human weight composite. nutrition. Similarly, gongura is popular in Tamil nadu as Epoxy resins, also known as poly epoxies, are a class well, and is called pulichakeerai in Tamil. of reactive polymer high mechanical properties, temperature and chemical resistance. Epoxy has a wide range of applications, including metal coatings, use in electronics/ electrical components, high tension electrical insulators, fiber- reinforced plastic materials and structural adhesives. Fig 2.1 Gongura Fiber 2.2 SISAL FIBER Sisal with the botanical name Agave sisalana is a species of Agave native to southern Mexico but widely cultivated and naturalized in many other countries. It yields a Fig. 2.3 Epoxy resin stiff fibre used in making various products. The term sisal may refer either to the plant's common name or the fibre, depending 3. WORKING PRINCIPLE: on the context. It is sometimes referred to as "sisal hemp", because for centuries hemp was a major source for fibre, and HAND LAY UP METHOD: other fibre sources were named after it. Hand Layup technique was employed for the preparation of the natural fiber reinforced polymer composite; mould made of mild steel was used with dimensions of 200×20×10mm for tensile test, flexural test and another mould made of mild steel was used. dimensions of 200×20×10mm for compressive test. This method is the cheapest method of manufacturing but it has some disadvantages such as long curing time, low production rate, and further the quality of the composite depends on the skill of the worker. The fibers were placed in the mold evenly and thermosetting resin is mixed with promoter and catalyst. Mold release agent is applied all over the mold surface. A brush or roller is used to wrap layering process of the fibers. Layers of the fibers impregnated with the resin are used to build up the require thickness. Curing, i.e. waiting for the thermosetting polymer bond to form network normally at room temperature. The fibers are first put in place in the mould. The fibers can be in the form of woven, knitted, stitched or Fig. 2.2 Sisal Fibers bonded fabrics. Then the resin is impregnated. The impregnation of resin is done by using rollers, brushes or 2.3 SELECTION OF EPOXY RESIN a nip-roller type impregnator. The impregnation helps in forcing the resin inside the fabric. The laminates ISSN (Online): 2394 – 3025. 32 International Journal of Machine and Construction Engineering, Volume 6 Issue 2 June 2019 fabricated by this process are then cured under standard Chart Title atmospheric conditions. The wet/hand lay-up process is depicted. IMPACT VALUE IMPACT 1 2 3 COMPARISSI ON VS GONGURA, 5 4 6 SISAL& COMBINED Graph:-4.2 – Impact Strength Graph Wet Or Hand Lay-Up Fabrication shows that the reading of I gongura fiber, sisal fiber The materials that can be used have, in general, which undergone Impact test three specimens are tested and no restrictions. One can use combination of resins like noted , 1st specimen yields the impact strength of about 21.6J. epoxy, polyester, vinyl ester, phenol and any fibre 2nd and 3rd specimen yields impact strength of about 21.8 & material. 21.9 J. As a 4rd specimen these specimen yields impact strength of about 21.8 J. 4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION MECHANICAL 5. ADVANTAGE TESTING The process results in low cost tooling with the use 4.1 TENSILE STRENGTH GRAPH of room-temperature cure resins. The process is simple to use. Chart Title Any combination of fibres and matrix materials are used. Higher fibre contents and longer fibres as compared to other processes. 6. APPLICATION: 1 2 3 COMPARISSI TENSILE VALUE TENSILE Wind Turbine Blades ON VS GONGURA, 49.15 37.4 55.66 Boats SISAL & COMBINED Building Constructions Graph:-4.1 – Tensile Strength Graph Keyboard 4.2IMPACT STRENGTH GRAPH Nuts and Bolts Automobile Spare Parts Architectural Mouldings 7. CONCLUSION Gongura fiber, sisal fiber particulates composites had been successfully developed in this project. The mechanical properties (tensile, impact, water absorption) of the composite has been studied and ISSN (Online): 2394 – 3025. 33 International Journal of Machine and Construction Engineering, Volume 6 Issue 2 June 2019 discussed here.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dakshin: Vegetarian Cuisine from South India Free
    FREE DAKSHIN: VEGETARIAN CUISINE FROM SOUTH INDIA PDF Chandra Padmanabhan | 176 pages | 22 Sep 1999 | Periplus Editions (Hong Kong) Ltd | 9789625935270 | English | Hong Kong, Hong Kong Dakshin : South Indian Bistro Here are some of the most delicious regional south Indian recipes you can try at home. Dosa and chutney are just a brief trailer to a colourful, rich and absolutely fascinating culinary journey that is South India. With its 5 states, 2 union territories, rocky plateau, river valleys and coastal plains, the south of India is extremely different from its Northern counterpart. But before we get into details like ingredients and cooking techniques, let's talk about some aspects that are common to those that live in the South. Firstly, most people eat with their right hand and leave the left one Dakshin: Vegetarian Cuisine from South India for drinking water. Also, licking curry off your finger does taste really good! Rice is their grain of choice and lentils and daals are equally important. Also read: Why people eat with their hands in Kerala? Sambhar is an important dish to South Indians. Photo Credit: iStock Pickles and Pappadams are always served on the side and yogurt makes a frequent appearance as well. Coconut is one of the most important ingredients and is used in various forms: dry, desiccated or as is. Some of the cooking is also done Dakshin: Vegetarian Cuisine from South India coconut oil. The South of India is known as 'the land of spices' and for all the right reasons. Cinnamon, cardamom, cumin, nutmeg, chilli, mustard, curry leaves - the list goes on.
    [Show full text]
  • South Indian Cuisine
    SOUTH INDIAN CUISINE South Indian Cuisine is a term used to refer to the cuisines found in the four southern states of India, namely Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. As opposed to North Indian cuisine, there is limited use of garam masala and other dried spices except cardamom, black pepper and turmeric. South Indian cuisine is rice based. Rice is combined with lentils to make wonderful dosas, idlis, vadas and uttapams. These items are glorious and delicious besides being nourishing and digestible (due to the fermenting process). They are combined with sambhar (dal), rasam (tamarind dal), dry and curried vegetable and pachadi (yogurt). Their rice preparations are also masterpieces like biryani from Hyderabad, lemon rice and rice seasoned with coconut peanuts, tamarind, chilies, curry leaves, urad dal and fenugreek seeds. South Indian chutneys are made of tamarind, coconut, peanuts, dal, fenugreek seeds, and cilantro. Meals are followed by coffee. South Indian dals and curries are more soupy than North Indian dals and curries. South Indian cuisine is also hotter. Coconut milk straight from the nut is a common beverage and sight in South India. Coffee is very popular in South India and Madras coffee is popular in South Indian restaurants throughout the world. The South Indian food is a brilliant blend of flavors, colors, seasoning, nutritional balance, fragrance, taste, and visual appeal. PARIMARAL - THE SOUTH INDIAN TRADITION OF SERVING A TRADITIONAL MEAL A typical traditional meal in South India is served on a "Vazhaillai", a freshly cut plantain leaf. The Sappad or food that is served on a banana leaf (even the size of the leaf varies from one community to another) is displayed like an identity card.
    [Show full text]
  • Andhra Pradesh Cuisine
    ANDHRA PRADESH Andhra Pradesh, a state in the southern part of India, is best known for its spicy hot pickles and it equally hot summers. With its rich cultural heritage and love for food, Andhra Pradesh is a food lover's paradise. The cuisine of the state itself is divided into three regions Coastal Andhra, Telangana and Rayalaseema. Also, not to mention the wonderful and rich Hyderabadi cuisine. 'Biryani' the hallmark of Hyderabadi cuisine is popular the world over. Andhra Pradesh has had a long lineage. Different dynasties have ruled over the region leaving an indelible mark on the culture and traditions. The people of Andhra Pradesh are a conglomeration of different cultures, traditions and rituals. One of the main influences on Andhra Pradesh history is that of the Mughals. The Mughal influence on Andhra Pradesh is mostly realized in the Cuisine of Andhra Pradesh. The food of Andhra Pradesh is identified with that among the Mughals. Over the ages, along with the Mughal influence the cuisine of Andhra Pradesh has been well known as a fusion of original Andhra ingredients and Hyderabad cuisine. From Spicy pickles like Avakaaya, Gongura, Usirikaaya to the bland yet delicious Maamidikaaya Pappu, Beerakaaya Pappu and Dosakaaya Paapu. Don't forget the Chicken and Mutton Biryanis, the chepala pulusu and the kheema currys. And the innumerable curry based dishes such as Bagara Baingan, Mirchi ka salan and Phool Makana Curry to the Vepudu's such as Bendakaaya Jeedipappu, Vankay Pakodi and the Dondkaaya Fry! All this and more. Cuisine of Andhra Pradesh is extremely popular among locals and tourists.
    [Show full text]
  • Maintaining the Heritage Language and Identity: the Case of the New Diaspora Telugus in London
    ANGLIA RUSKIN UNIVERSITY MAINTAINING THE HERITAGE LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY: THE CASE OF THE NEW DIASPORA TELUGUS IN LONDON ARUN YADLA A thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Anglia Ruskin University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Submitted: October 2016 Acknowledgements This study and thesis have become reality with the kind support and help of many individuals, directly or indirectly. First and foremost, I express my gratitude to my supervisors, Dr. Sebastian Rasinger and Dr. Bettina Beinhoff. Your guidance, patience, invaluable input, timely feedback and constructive criticism helped me in my journey. Thank you for the kind words and encouragement when my chips were down. I would like to thank Mr. Rama Naidu Gāru for connecting me to the Telugu network and also for introducing me to key participants. Without your support, building a sample base would have been impossible. Many thanks for the invaluable support I received from Christine, Richard and Vernon from Cambridge, and Moushmi, Deepak, Dhruv, Dia, Aryaman, Anamika, Nana and Nani from London. I am very grateful for the love and kindness you have shown towards me. A special acknowledgement for the respondents and participants from the Telugu community for giving your time generously to accommodate me in your busy schedules. Thanks also for enduring my interview questions and discussions. I must also acknowledge the contribution of my students and module leaders for their positive and constructive feedback, which motivated me to give my best. I cannot forget to acknowledge my research room friends, who made my journey a memorable one with friendly banter, endless snacks, exchange of stories and ideas.
    [Show full text]
  • Stories of Achievers
    years 150 Stories of Women Achievers Entrepreneurship: Against All Odds First published in India in 2014 by FICCIFLO FICCI Ladies Organisation, Federation House, Tansen Marg, New Delhi 110 001 Email: [email protected] Website: www.floficci.com/entrepreneurs www.floficci.com Copyright © FICCIFLO All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form by any means electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise without prior permission of FICCI FLO. Disclaimer: This publication has been prepared by FICCI FLO based on information provided by different organizations acknowledged in the book. FICCI FLO does not endorse or warrant the accuracy, reliability or legality of the information or advertisements published herein. FICCI FLO including its employees will not be held liable for errors or omissions or any action taken by the user of this Publication based on the information provided herein. The Publication is for information purpose only and should not be construed as an endorsement of any organization or its services by FICCI FLO. Edited by: Nandita Bhardwaj Book Design: Tina Rajan, Tinatoons Printed at Arnav Print Private Limited am delighted to present this compilation of stories of 150 women achievers from all over India whose entrepreneurship we acknowledge and salute. The idea of such a compilation was given by none other than the Hon’ble Chief Minister of IGujarat, Shri Narendrabhai Modi. During his special address at our last Annual General Meeting, in April 2013, Modiji urged us to compile and showcase the work done by women entrepreneurs from all over the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Aarsha Vani (Voice of Sanatana Dharma)
    Aarsha Vani (Voice of Sanatana Dharma) October 2019 Volume: 5 Issue: 09 GURUVĀṆI The intellectual knowledge, that just like one gold has transformed into different ornaments, it is only ONE GOD who is worshipped in different forms as many gods, is present only in Sanātana Dharma. When thought as only ONE, that God is formless, whereas when worshipped in multiples, it has names and forms. Like one is always conscious that all the different ornaments seen are transformations of one gold, bhārātiyas are always conscious of the fact that the different names and forms are expressions of ONE SUPREME GOD. – Samavedam Shanmukha Sarma. INSIDE THIS ISSUE Dear Readers, Title Page# Namaste. We wish all our readers a very happy, 1 Dāridrya duḥkha bhaya hāriṇi… 1 blissful, and spiritually uplifting Dusserah 2 Siva Padam – bālā tripurasundarī līlāmayi 2 Śarannavarātri, Vijaya Daśami, and Diwāli. These 3 Sa niyataṁ labdhvā kaṭākṣacchavim… 2 festivals are celebrated signifying the victory of 4 Mahar̥ṣi Vālmīki is neither a wayside robber nor 3 good over evil. Divine Mother vanquished all the a hunter hordes of demons in multiple forms during 5 Bhajē śāradāmba 4 Navarātri, and Lord Krishna killed Narakāsura 6 Jagadguru – jaganmāta 4 during Diwāli. 7 Traditions – Fulfilments - Tithi – Vidhi 5 Brahmasri Dr. Samavedam Shanmukha Sarma 8 Garuḍa Mahā Purāṇa 6 garu elucidated the ‘Chandi Saptasati’ sloka that 9 Major Festivals in This Month 7 propounds that all are the forms of ‘ONE’ Supreme ̥ 10 The Eternal - Sadācāra 9 Śakti. Articles about ‘Mūka Pancaśati’ and Maharṣi Vālmīki are must read. Brahmasri Dr. Samavedam 11 Bālāmahātripurasundari Dēvi 10 garu explained in his own inimitable style how to 12 Śrī Vēṅkaṭēśa … 11 obtain Goddess Mahālakṣmī’s grace.
    [Show full text]
  • Fireside Complete Issue Apr J
    The House Magazine of the Thermax Group Volume 39 No. 2 April-June 2009 Volume 39 No. 2 April-June 2009 Cover Attired in colourful clothes, pots perfectly balanced, these two women in Rajasthan are performing a thankless daily chore – bringing potable water to their homes for their men, children and cattle. In their arid surroundings water is precious. Not a drop to be spilled. Not a drop to be wasted. This conservation ethic is deeply ingrained and rain water is carefully harvested with indigenous systems, over the decades. Water is life. Even more so for them. Despite the gravity of the subject, the picture conveys a strangely positive feeling. Taking things in their stride. (Picture by Marie Luise Porsch) Back Cover 2008-2009 Highlights of the Year Comment Money doesn't talk, it swears. – Bob Dylan Printed on recycled paper Correspondents : J. NatesanHeating Vikas Tripathi Cooling Umesh Barde Power Veena Coutinho Chemical Jaise Itty Water &Waste SolutionsD.Bhanja Enviro Jenny Alexander Finance Shivangi Page Human Resources S. B. Chandak Administration Jiju K. T.Business Technology Group D. W. Bapat Research & Development R.B.Menon Manufacturing Nisha Rane Industrial RelationsParvati Venkatachalam Mumbai Rama Delhi Swati Aditya Kolkata Laxmi Gupta Chennai Noorjahan Khan Boiler & HeaterN. Haridas Thermax Engineering Construction Company ABCI Fireside is the quarterly house magazine of Thermax Limited, Pune. For private circulation only. Company related news/features may be reproduced only with the permission MEMBER of the Editor. Address
    [Show full text]
  • Current Scenario of Hibiscus Sabdariffa (Mesta) in India (Maharashtra)
    The International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention Volume 1 issue 3 2014 page no.129-135 ISSN: 2349-2031 Current Scenario of Hibiscus Sabdariffa (Mesta) In India (Maharashtra) Juhi Agarwal and Ela Dedhia Department of Textile Science and Apparel Designing SNDT Women’s University, Mumbai, India Abstract Green fibres like flax, jute, sisal, kenaf, mesta which has been used for more than 8000 years are the present and the future raw materials not only for the textile industry but also for modern eco- friendly composites, cosmetics, medicine, food, fodder, bio- polymers, agro fine chemicals and energy. Potentially under optimum cultivation conditions they cause little or no detrimental effect on the eco- system and they can be grown in different climatic zones. Organically cultivated, they recycle the carbon dioxide in the earth’s atmosphere. In the present study the current status of the cultivation process, harvesting and retting methods of Hibiscus Sabdariffa (mesta) are studied and documented along with its current uses and socio economic factors influencing the production of the crop. The crop is cultivated in the most organic and efficient way with the sowing happening in the month of July, with the onset of monsoon. Special organic compost is prepared as manure and applied to the crop at regular intervals. Harvesting is done individually in the month of December with the help of a sickle. The plant is not uprooted rather cut at the bottom with utmost care to avoid any damage to the fibre. The crop is planted for the calyces and the leaves which are consumed as food, while the stalks are the by- product so the process of retting takes its own time.
    [Show full text]
  • 01 Cuisines of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala
    Regional Cuisines of India –II BHM-602AT UNIT: 01 CUISINES OF ANDHRA PRADESH, TAMIL NADU AND KERALA STRUCTURE 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Objectives 1.3 Andhra Pradesh 1.3.1 Geographical perspectives 1.3.2 Brief historical background 1.3.3 Culture and traditions of the people of Andhra Pradesh 1.3.4 Climate 1.3.5 Agriculture and staple food 1.3.6 Characteristics & salient features of cuisine 1.3.7 Equipments and utensils used 1.3.8 Specialties during festivals and other occasions 1.3.9 Festivals and other occasions 1.3.10 Community foods 1.3.11 Dishes from Andhra Pradesh cuisine 1.4 Tamil Nadu 1.4.1 Geographical perspectives 1.4.2 Brief historical background 1.4.3 Culture and Traditions of the people of Tamil Nadu 1.4.4 Climate 1.4.5 Agriculture and staple food 1.4.6 Characteristics and Salient features of the cuisine 1.4.7 Equipments and Utensils Used 1.4.8 Specialties during festivals and other occasions 1.4.9 Festivals and other occasions 1.4.10 Dishes from Tamil Nadu Cuisine 1.5 Kerala 1.5.1 Geographical perspectives 1.5.2 Brief historical background 1.5.3 Climate 1.5.4 Agriculture, staple food and social life 1.5.5 Characteristics and salient features of the cuisine 1.5.6 Popular foods and specialties 1.5.7 Specialties during festivals and other occasions 1.5.8 Festivals and other occasions 1.5.9 Dishes from Kerala cuisine 1.6 Summary 1.7 Glossary 1.8 Reference/Bibliography 1.9 Terminal Questions Uttarakhand Open University 1 Regional Cuisines of India –II BHM-602AT 1.1 INTRODUCTION Andhra Pradesh is one of the south Indian states and is positioned in the coastal area towards the south eastern part of the country and because of its location in the merging area of the Deccan plateau and the coastal plains and also transverse by Krishna and Godavari rivers, the state experiences varied physical features.
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Spice Welcomes You to an Exotic Culinary Experience
    Southern Spice welcomes you to an exotic culinary experience. With it's temple and palace inspired decor, richly laid interiors and food artistically presented, it remains the most authentic address for a taste of South Indian cuisine and is recognized amongst Asia's top restaurants. Mindful of its illustrious past and a legendary culinary rigor, the craft of its master chefs has remained unyielding and unrelenting over the years. The quest for excellence requires them to undertake ritual journeys, across disparate locales from historical palaces to the bylanes of small towns and alluring coastal hamlets of South India, unearthing traditional recipes and mastering cooking styles. We invite you to join us in this journey where the past and the present come together to transport you to another world where colours, flavours and aromas come alive. Vanakkam to Southern Spice! Tangy, hot and spicy. That for you is Andhra cuisine. Coastal Andhra is legendary for its seafood fare, Rayalaseema takes the spicy capital title and Telengana has similarities with the deccan plateau cuisine preferring millet to the rice. The Ps are a signature of Andhra meals. Pickles, Pappu (lentils), Pachadis (chutneys), Pulusus (sour pastes), Podis (powdered dal condiments) and the Papadum (papads) are unmissables. The tomato, the quintessential gongura (sorrel leaves), tamarind, provincial chillies are largely used for cooking the Koora (curries) and the Chaaru (Rasam). If you prefer & ANDHRA, TELANGANA RAYALASEEMA COASTAL it straight and wholesome, the Biryani of
    [Show full text]
  • | Walking with the Comrades
    www.outlookindia.com | Walking With The Comrades http://www.outlookindia.com/printarticle.aspx?264738 National / Cover Stories / Essays MAGAZINE | MAR 29, 2010 Dateline Dantewada: Roy with the Maoists ESSAY Walking With The Comrades Gandhians with a Gun? Arundhati Roy plunges into the sea of Gondi people to find some answers... ARUNDHATI ROY The terse, typewritten note slipped under my door in a sealed envelope confirmed my appointment with India’s Gravest Internal Security Threat. I’d been waiting for months to hear from them. I had to be at the Ma Danteshwari mandir in Dantewada, Chhattisgarh, at any of four given times on two given days. That was to take care of bad weather, punctures, blockades, transport strikes and sheer bad luck. The note said: “Writer should have camera, tika and coconut. Meeter will have cap, Hindi Outlook magazine and bananas. Password: Namashkar Guruji.” Namashkar Guruji. I wondered whether the Meeter and Greeter would be expecting a man. And whether I should get myself a moustache. There are many ways to describe Dantewada. It’s an oxymoron. It’s a border town smack in the heart of India. It’s the epicentre of a war. 1 of 26 9/5/11 7:51 PM www.outlookindia.com | Walking With The Comrades http://www.outlookindia.com/printarticle.aspx?264738 It’s an upside down, inside out town. Red Shadow: Centenary celebrations of the adivasi uprising in Bastar; Sten gun at hand In Dantewada, the police wear plain clothes and the rebels wear uniforms. The jail superintendent is in jail. The prisoners are free (three hundred of them escaped from the old town jail two years ago).
    [Show full text]
  • Answer Key 03.Cdr
    GENERAL BOOK-3 KNOWLEDGE ANSWER KEY 1 Variation in Plants 1 a. Clove c. Beans 2 a. photosynthesis e. Gujarat b. Tulsi d. Coral b. Botany f. pollination c. Bamboo g. Bonsai d. Groundnut h. sandal wood 3 a. Counting the number of rings in the trunk. 4 Stem: Sugarcane, Potato b. Bajra & Rice Leaves: Spinach, Coriander c. Increases the yeild of crops Fruits: Orange, Apple d. Botanists Roots: Radish, Carrot e. Ferns, Mushrooms, Mosses, Lichens and Seaweeds. Flowers: Cauliflower, Broccoli f. Herb Seeds: Pomegranate, Corn 2 Animals in the Forests 1 a. Gorilla d. the colour of its nose 2 a. cygnet d. joey b. Africa e. Grey b. cub e. calf c. 8 f. Panda Bear c. tadpole 3 a. bat d. stripes 4 a. Pride d. Mob b. hummingbird e. 40 miles per hour b. Herd/Parade e. Charm c. snail c. Convocation 5 a. Bat c. Whale 6 a. Feeds on blood d. Blue Jay b. Butterfly b. Budgerigar e. Kangaroo c. Cow 7 a. Tiger d. Jaguar b. Leopard e. Cheetah c. Lion 3 Speciality of Animals 1 a. Cat d. Dolphin 2 a. Bull fight c. Cock fight b. Polar Bear e. Gorilla b. Horse riding/Polo c. King Cobra 3 a. Eel d. Chameleon 4 a. Merino wool e. Ornaments b. Octopus e. Puffer fish b. Mohair wool f. Stuffing Pillow c. Bull f. Frog c. Coats g. Shoes & Purses d. Honey 5 a. icy land d. frosty water 6 Dinosaur b. forest e. land c. river f. ocean 7 a. Bengal Tiger b.
    [Show full text]