International Journal of Machine and Construction Engineering, Volume 6 Issue 2 June 2019
PROCESSING AND MECHANICAL PROPERITY EVALUATION OF HYBRID FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITION
M.Dhanabal1, M.Kavithanjan2, G.Malaiyappasamy3, A.Jaganath4, M.Sivaraja5
1,2,3Student, Mechanical Engineering, N.S.N College of Engineering and Technology, Karur 4Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering, N.S.N College of Engineering and Technology, Karur 5Principal, N.S.N College of Engineering and Technology, Karur
ABSTRACT:
Extensive efforts have been made in the last decade for the development of natural fibre composites. This development paved the way for engineers and researchers to come up with natural fibre composites (NFCs) that exhibit better mechanical properties. The present review is based on the mechanical properties of gongura, sisal, and combined fibre-reinforced composites. Before selecting any NFC for a particular application, it becomes necessary to understand its compatibility for the same, which can be decided by knowing its mechanical properties such as tensile, water absorbtionl, and impact strengths. It has given information about the suitability of gongura fiber, sisal fiber as a source of reinforcement in epoxy matrix composites. NFR composites have higher fiber content for equivalent performance which reduces the amount of more polluting base epoxy resin. The tensile properties epoxy is of about 55.65 N/mm2 But Water absorption is very low value obtained from gangura fiber. Combined fiber has more impact strength than others. But individual property of gangura is very best.
1. INTRODUCTION: polypropylene (PP) hybrid composites through compression molding technique using a twin screw extruder. The Material types and applications of new materials composites were produced with and without maleic anhydride technologies have been developed day by day. Composites or (MAPP). For the both composition, an increase as seen in the hybrid designs which constitute the basis of these materials tensile, bending and impact strengths up to 30 % by increasing consist of at least two different materials. Composite materials weight of banana fibers& areca nut fibers . Mukhopadhyay offer superior properties and formed by joining at least two and colleagues examined the behavior of banana fibers, areca different materials at the macro level. Increasing the world's nut fibers and their fracture behavior. population is leading to large amounts of waste of natural or They characterized banana fibers depending on the synthetic material. These waste materials result in diameter variation, mechanical properties and the influences environmental problems. of the stresses acting on the fracture morphology. Stress-strain The environmental problems are caused by waste curves for different strain rates were obtained. Altinisik and plastics, metals and some other lignocelluloses materials. Yilmaz carried out a study in order to examine post-harvest Parallel to the increase in population, the demand for the waste from the banana plant, natural fibers used as the forest products needed by the people grows, and the necessity reinforcement in plastic-based composites. Banana fibers, felt of finding new sources appears. For a better environment, making, handmade molding process method, tensile test were there is a need to reduce environmental pollution through made and samples obtained. Tensile strength increased with effective waste recycling and finding new ways. Plastic waste the increase in volume recorded the banana fibers in to areca and agricultural wastes are leading environmental problems. If nut fibers. A study on the banana fiber-reinforced composites we evaluate the production of composite materials, a new for automotive and transportation applications, the natural alternative source of raw materials consists. So that wood fiber reinforced composite materials was conducted. In materials need will be reduced and this is thought to be addition, many researchers have investigated the physical and important for the forest products industry. Sugarcane, mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced composites. bamboo, jute, kenaf, cotton, rice straw, rice husks, banana, areca nut, wheat, tobacco, pineapple, sunflower stalk, corn 2. MATERIALS stalk, hemp, oat straw, cotton straw, hay, rye, barley, flax and 2.1 GONGURA FIBER so on over fifty vegetable-based, research has been done to Gongura pacchadi is quintessentially Telugu cuisine produce composite materials from hundreds of lignocelluloses along with pacchadi (chutney or relish). Telugu people, material in the laboratory. mainly from the states of Andhra
Pradesh and Telangana, India, locally called it as Andhra In their study, Samal and colleagues produced a Matha in Telugu due to significance in their day to day diet. mixture of short banana and glass fiber reinforced While it has many culinary uses, the most popular is the
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pickled version. Although Gongura is widely consumed all Polymers generally act as a good binder for fibers as over Andhra Pradesh, Gongura is more popular in hotels, observed from several references. Their carry availability restaurants, eateries and food joints. It is also grown in coupled with their lower cost has provoked the selection of Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh (north east region of India) and polymer as the binder for these fibers. Unsaturated polyester also some parts of Chittagong Hill Tracts region in offer the advantage of easy mold ability, better handling and Bangladesh (which is mainly a tribal people region). It is a better flow properties. Easy fabrication and better mixing of very popular green vegetable in Chakma community and it is polyester provoke their usage. They have a low density of known as "Aamelli". Gongura is a very rich source of iron, 2.02g/cc adding to our main objective of fabricating a low vitamins, folic acid and anti-oxidants essential for human weight composite. nutrition. Similarly, gongura is popular in Tamil nadu as Epoxy resins, also known as poly epoxies, are a class well, and is called pulichakeerai in Tamil. of reactive polymer high mechanical properties, temperature and chemical resistance. Epoxy has a wide range of applications, including metal coatings, use in electronics/ electrical components, high tension electrical insulators, fiber- reinforced plastic materials and structural adhesives.
Fig 2.1 Gongura Fiber
2.2 SISAL FIBER Sisal with the botanical name Agave sisalana is a species of Agave native to southern Mexico but widely cultivated and naturalized in many other countries. It yields a Fig. 2.3 Epoxy resin stiff fibre used in making various products. The term sisal may refer either to the plant's common name or the fibre, depending 3. WORKING PRINCIPLE: on the context. It is sometimes referred to as "sisal hemp", because for centuries hemp was a major source for fibre, and HAND LAY UP METHOD: other fibre sources were named after it. Hand Layup technique was employed for the preparation of the natural fiber reinforced polymer composite; mould made of mild steel was used with dimensions of 200×20×10mm for tensile test, flexural test and another mould made of mild steel was used. dimensions of 200×20×10mm for compressive test. This method is the cheapest method of manufacturing but it has some disadvantages such as long curing time, low production rate, and further the quality of the composite depends on the skill of the worker. The fibers were placed in the mold evenly and thermosetting resin is mixed with promoter and catalyst. Mold release agent is applied all over the mold surface. A brush or roller is used to wrap layering process of the fibers. Layers of the fibers impregnated with the resin are used to build up the require thickness. Curing, i.e. waiting for the thermosetting polymer bond to form network normally at room temperature. The fibers are first put in place in the mould. The fibers can be in the form of woven, knitted, stitched or Fig. 2.2 Sisal Fibers bonded fabrics. Then the resin is impregnated. The impregnation of resin is done by using rollers, brushes or 2.3 SELECTION OF EPOXY RESIN a nip-roller type impregnator. The impregnation helps in forcing the resin inside the fabric. The laminates
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fabricated by this process are then cured under standard Chart Title atmospheric conditions. The wet/hand lay-up process is depicted.
IMPACT VALUE IMPACT 1 2 3 COMPARISSI ON VS GONGURA, 5 4 6 SISAL& COMBINED
Graph:-4.2 – Impact Strength Graph Wet Or Hand Lay-Up Fabrication shows that the reading of I gongura fiber, sisal fiber The materials that can be used have, in general, which undergone Impact test three specimens are tested and no restrictions. One can use combination of resins like noted , 1st specimen yields the impact strength of about 21.6J. epoxy, polyester, vinyl ester, phenol and any fibre 2nd and 3rd specimen yields impact strength of about 21.8 & material. 21.9 J. As a 4rd specimen these specimen yields impact strength of about 21.8 J.
4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION MECHANICAL 5. ADVANTAGE TESTING
The process results in low cost tooling with the use 4.1 TENSILE STRENGTH GRAPH of room-temperature cure resins.
The process is simple to use. Chart Title Any combination of fibres and matrix materials are used. Higher fibre contents and longer fibres as compared to other processes.
6. APPLICATION: 1 2 3 COMPARISSI TENSILE VALUE TENSILE Wind Turbine Blades ON VS GONGURA, 49.15 37.4 55.66 Boats SISAL & COMBINED Building Constructions
Graph:-4.1 – Tensile Strength Graph Keyboard
4.2IMPACT STRENGTH GRAPH Nuts and Bolts
Automobile Spare Parts
Architectural Mouldings
7. CONCLUSION
Gongura fiber, sisal fiber particulates composites had been successfully developed in this project. The mechanical properties (tensile, impact, water absorption) of the composite has been studied and
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