Strategy 2030 Wikimedia's Role in Shaping the Future of the Information

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Strategy 2030 Wikimedia’s role in shaping the future of the information commons STRATEGY 2030

OUR TEAM

This report was commissioned by the use areas for Wikimedia platforms were Wikimedia Foundation. conducted by Wikimedia Foundation staff as well as consultants from Reboot and CO-AUTHORS williamsworks. Jessica Clark Director, Dot Connector Studio DESIGN Carrie McLaren, Dot Connector Studio Sarah Lutman Principal, Lutman & Associates Many thanks to the hundreds of experts and Wikimedia movement members Research and editorial support focused around the world who participated in on high-use areas for Wikimedia salons, conversations, and interviews platforms was provided by: about the Wikimedia 2030 strategy.

Susan Abbott, Cross-Pollinate December 2017 Consulting Solutions Jordan Baker, Parsimony Katie Donnelly, Dot Connector Studio Anika Fajardo, Lutman & Associates Jessica Fiala, Lutman & Associates Nancy Watzman, Dot Connector Studio

Interviews and salons related to low-

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FOREWORD A letter from the Wikimedia Foundation

ince its inception in 2001, Wikipedia has become one of the world’s most popular and beloved websites—a Srich source of reliable free information, written and maintained by volunteers. Today, Wikipedia is much more than a website. Wikipedia and related projects such as Wikimedia Commons and Wikida- ta form a global social movement: a com- plex network of writers, editors, researchers, photographers, academics, libraries, free culture activists, cultural institutions, and so much more. Together, we share a commitment to making free knowledge available to all. Over the last 16 years, the Wikimedia movement has accomplished a great deal. Volunteers have written more than 46 million articles across nearly 300 languages. Each month, Wikimedia sites are accessed by more than 1.4 billion

unique devices. And more than 200,000 Philipp (CC BY 2.0)

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volunteers contribute to Wikimedia sites Foundation staff. Discussions took place in appreciation to our research partners and every month. roughly 70 languages through live events, the authors of this report, Sarah Lutman But there is still a long way to go. in person, on wiki, and more. and Jessica Clark (of Lutman & Associates While our mission is global, Wikimedia The goal was to form a common and Dot Connector Studio respectively) for does not yet serve the entire world. Billions strategic direction for the movement—a their dedication, curiosity, and patience. of people have yet to access Wikipedia—or guidepost for the work moving forward. As even the internet. Wikimedia traffic and part of Wikimedia 2030, the Foundation participation skews toward North America commissioned research to inform con- and Western Europe, while other parts of versations and contextualize trends that the world are underrepresented on the could affect Wikimedia from now until platform. Efforts to spread disinformation 2030. The resulting conversations and re- and misinformation and enforce censor- search from around the world culminated ship online are increasingly sophisticated in a strategic vision and direction. and prevalent. Now more than ever, the The contents of this report, and related world needs shared human understand- briefs published throughout the strategy ing, reliable information, inclusive spaces process, provided valuable perspective for public discourse, and advocates for that informed our discussion and helped free and open knowledge. That’s why, at define our shared future. We will contin- the beginning of 2017, we asked ourselves: ue to rely on the findings in this report to what should the Wikimedia movement do open our thinking, imagine what might between now and 2030 to get closer to be next, and enlist new people and orga- our vision of free knowledge for all? nizations in the work. The Foundation embarked on an am- We invite you to read this report with bitious global consultation, dubbed Wi- an open and inquisitive mind. We hope kimedia 2030, to collaboratively develop that it prompts new questions not only a direction for the Wikimedia movement. about the future of the Wikimedia move- The discussion brought together volun- ment but also whatever movement, insti- teers, partners, experts, Wikimedia chap- tution, or cause you may represent. ters and other affiliates, and Wikimedia Finally, we’d like to express our deep

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INTRODUCTION

n 2016 and 2017, members of the Wikimedia movement took part in a global consultation to imagine Ithe world in 2030 and the Wikime- dia projects’ role in it. With its vision of “a world in which every single human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge,” the Wikimedia Foundation engaged in a global strategy development process, asking stakeholders to join the conversation and envision a future in which Wikimedia continues to expand its role in ensuring open knowledge, access, and the free exchange of information, culture, and ideas around the world. As part of the Wikimedia 2030 strategy process, the Foundation engaged research teams to examine awareness and usage of Wikimedia projects and evolving information consumption habits. The consulting teams conducted desk research and spoke both

with people familiar with and involved (CCWikimedia Israel 2.0) BY-SA

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in the Wikimedia movement and expert ӒӒ Emerging Platforms: How will people “Wikipedia is the last poster child for com- observers who could inform the strategy around the world be using commons-based peer production. The free process but who are not directly involved munications technologies to find, software movement and various projects today. In one-on-one interviews, experts create, and share information? The under it were important demonstrations in geographic areas where the projects report considers future technologies, but they are facing a crisis now because are most heavily used were asked to from the imminent to the specula- either they have been taken over by cor- think about future trends in their fields tive, and examines what range of new porations, or there is the tragedy of the and how the trends might apply to the hardware, software, and content pro- commons where many people use open Wikimedia movement’s strategy. This duction capabilities might mean for projects but do not contribute money particular research focused on six broad content creation and user access. topics that seemed most likely to further to fix or improve them. The Wikipedia or frustrate the vision for growth that the ӒӒ Misinformation: How will people find movement is the only movement about Foundation embraces. trustworthy sources of knowledge true blue volunteer energy that is deliver- In this report, the Foundation’s staff and information? The report explores ing results. Today Wikipedia is the inspira- and its consulting teams present top-level how content creators and technol- tion for openness.” insights from this global process. Perspec- ogists can ensure that knowledge is POLICY/GOVERNMENT, SOUTH ASIA tives from interviewees around the world trustworthy and also identifies threats are also provided with context about their to these efforts. “Knowledge poverty is a serious issue. region and area of expertise. The report Wikipedia should build a knowledge draws from six comprehensive research How will the world learn in ӒӒ Literacy: ladder to see who it is reaching and who briefs, published on Wikimedia’s strategy the future? The report forecasts that [is] left out. And then make Wikipedia website, which address these topics: technology will transform learning available to ones at the bottom.” and educational settings as well as MEDIA, INDIA ӒӒ Demographics: Who is in the world expand the requirements for literacy in 2030? The report outlines global beyond text and images. population trends, which project the “In a better future, people who are highest population growth in places ӒӒ Open Knowledge: How will we share digitally literate [will become] fluent in where Wikimedia has significant culture, ideas, and information? organizing and vice versa.” room to expand. The report documents the global TECHNOLOGY, UNITED STATES

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trend toward opening collections ӒӒ Expect the Unexpected: How can we “Wikimedia should work closely with and archives to the public and know what the world will look like policy makers and internet regulators.” making them freely available online, in 2030—and what the Wikimedia MEDIA, MEXICO and explores ways the Wikime- movement’s role will be in it? dia movement might partner with “Wikipedia can join the current advocacy people and organizations to acceler- to connect the unconnected. They are the ate this sharing. ones that need Wikipedia. ” MEDIA, NIGERIA

“Look at places with organic internet revolutions and making Wikimedia a player at the party, as opposed to lone ranger starting from scratch.” MEDIA, UNITED STATES

“The world of media monopoly is the challenge of our time. Where Wikimedia could come in in the future is as a counter-force to monopoly.” MEDIA, UNITED STATES

“We all can make a change and contribute to it. It’s really an idea. How do you see the world? What kind of world do you want? A power-centered world or a power- distributed world.” GLAM, CHINA

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munity, this brief identifies access, censorship, privacy, copyright, and intermediary liability as active battlefronts. The fate of the digital commons is the single subject that rises above and intersects with each of the other areas of research. The commons of the future will shape the environment that ultimately fosters or blocks all of the Wikimedia projects’ work. Thus, this report weaves research findings about the future of the commons throughout. Specifically, the report highlights growing concerns across civil society about the quality of and access to open knowledge online, as well as compound- ing threats to the Wikimedia movement and its open knowledge allies. Between now and 2030, open knowledge advocates face headwinds that include censorship by governments and corporations, internet shutdowns, surveillance of ICT4D.at (CCICT4D.at 2.0) BY-SA users, information monopolies, and trou- he report proposes that a study of ditional research brief on the future of the bling developments such as the arrests trends can never be truly predictive digital commons, examining the political of scholars and journalists operating in and introduces alternative vision- and commercial forces that could lead to closed societies. Tary tools such as scenario planning and the contraction or expansion of the open The Wikimedia movement is posi- speculative social science fiction. web. Looking at the constellation of issues tioned to work toward potential solu- The consulting team published an ad- most important to the Wikimedia com- tions to these threats. Despite the trend

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toward a “darkening globe,” some leaders The report concludes with an analysis see the Wikimedia movement as among of cross-cutting themes that arose from the brightest hopes and most inspiring the research, as well as a set of recom- exemplars of the global digital commons. mendations and discussion questions for The Wikimedia movement has im- the movement and its partners. The goal mediate internal challenges to address, of these final sections is not to close the including adapting to an increasingly discussion. Instead, it is to set the stage mobile internet, recruiting a new gen- for the next phase of work for the Foun- eration of volunteers, and expanding its dation and the movement: to move from partnerships with schools and “GLAM” strategies to actions that not only will organizations (i.e. galleries, libraries, preserve what has already been built, but archives, museums, and other cultural in- also make the projects useful and vital for stitutions that have access to knowledge billions of future Wikimedia users. as their mission). But Wikimedia and its open knowledge allies, working together, can lift up people everywhere, empow- ering communities through access and participation in knowledge creation and sharing. Across the interviews and salons, there was a clarion call for the building of this larger, more active, and multi-partner open knowledge movement. For extended narratives, many more ci- tations, and community discussion of the research, visit the Wikimedia strategy page that aggregates into a single web directo- ry not only this work but also the totality of the Foundation’s strategy process: 2030.wikimedia.org.

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DEMOGRAPHICS 2030 Who will be in the world in 2030?

ikimedia envisions “a world These high-traffic regions are not 15 percent jump from 2015. Low-income in which every single human predicted to see the highest rate of pop- regions have a projected 35 percent being can freely share in the ulation growth. The global population is growth by 2030, with Africa growing sumW of all knowledge.” But the Wikime- expected to reach 8.4 billion by 2030, a fastest at 40 percent. High-income and dia projects, including Wikipedia and the other free knowledge projects like Wikimedia Commons, do not currently serve the entire globe. And realizing this vision might become even more difficult by 2030 as the global population shifts to favor areas and languages in which the projects are less used. A country’s use of Wikimedia projects correlates directly with its economic strength. The 10 countries that generate the most traffic for Wikimedia1 are also among the world’s 20 largest economies.2 The United States accounted for 23 percent of all Wikimedia traffic in 2017, with Japan second at 8 percent. Europe and North America combined accounted

for 63 percent of Wikimedia’s total traffic. (CC Development International BY 2.0) DFID - UK Department for

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middle-income regions are projected to to these trends. Africa currently accounts “The biggest issue for Wikimedia moving experience moderate growth over this for a small portion of Wikimedia traffic, but into the future is ultimately the education period, with growth rates of 5 percent and the region presents a crucial opportunity and wealth gap. You can have this conver- 14 percent, respectively. Europe is expected for growth as its mobile and fixed IP traffic sation in a place that’s information rich to decline in population by 2030.3 are predicted to increase substantially. and Wikipedia already seems utopian. But The urban population is increasing look at the trends and numbers. ...The relative to the rural population in every Population growth gaps are becoming too big between the region.4 Asia and Africa were the least ӒӒ The global population will grow by 15 urbanized regions in 2015, and they are percent to 8.4 billion people between opportunities that different people have.” expected to experience the fastest rates of 2015 and 2030.5 GLAM (GALLERIES, LIBRARIES, ARCHIVES, AND urbanization. ӒӒ The rate of growth in low-income MUSEUMS), UNITED STATES Wikimedia must focus on serving regions will far outpace high- and people in high-growth regions to respond middle-income regions.6 “Senior citizens would play an important role in online knowledge management. They have time, experience, and knowledge Wikipedia Article and Contributor Rank by Language to share with the online community.” LANGUAGE NO. SPEAKERS SPEAKERS ARTICLE RANK CONTRIBUTION (MILLIONS) RANK RANK POLICY/GOVERNMENT, THAILAND Chinese 1051 1 15 8 English 1010 2 1 1 “Indian language content is not tagged or Hindi 652 3 53 42 indexed well; hence, search does not find it. Wikipedia has a long way to go.” Spanish 570 4 9 3 TECHNOLOGY, INDIA Arabic 422 5 19 16 Malay 281 6 29 40 “In terms of access to knowledge . . . Russian 275 7 7 6 most content you find online in text is French 272 8 6 4 in English. There is very little in Indian Portuguese 262 9 14 9 languages.” Indonesian 250 10 24 24 MEDIA, INDIA

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“Our population pyramid is bottom heavy: 50 percent of the population is under 18. This is important. We are already a country that has more mobile devices than mature adults in this country. This is truly a mobile first country and will continue to be because so many people who are accessing information for the first time are doing so via mobile.” MEDIA, NIGERIA

“Crowdsourcing for Arabic content is weak and challenging. Expanding it will be the best way to increase local content. Growing the local communities is the key.” EDUCATION, EGYPT

“One of my favorite things [about Wikipedia] is how much local control there is. There are two sides of the coin. One is really good: awesome people in

Albany Associates (CC Associates Albany 2.0) BY-SA different countries can get access to crowd-sourced information in their own ӒӒ Africa will grow the fastest with decline during this period.8 projections that the continent’s pop- ӒӒ Urban areas will continue to grow language edited by their own people ulation will increase by more than 40 faster than rural areas globally.9 toward their own viewpoints percent.7 ӒӒ Africa will have the youngest median and mindsets.” ӒӒ Europe’s population will plateau then age by 2030.10 GLAM, UNITED STATES

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Aging of the global population where the fastest growing populations ӒӒ Overall, the global workforce will are projected between now and 2030. age by 2030. ӒӒ The aging workforce will create labor Strategy questions shortages and other problems for some countries, as already seen in ӒӒ How can Wikimedia expand content Japan.11 and recruit editors in the parts of the world expected to grow most quickly Languages used over the next 15 years? ӒӒ Mandarin will remain the most widely ӒӒ How can Wikimedia projects be spoken language.12 made more accessible to aging pop- ӒӒ Spanish will become the second most ulations—and can those people be widely spoken language, with English, recruited as contributors? Hindi, and Arabic following in third ӒӒ What shifts in editing protocols, sen- through fifth places.13 sibilities, or media may be needed to serve the users from distinct new Global literacy cultures and geographies? ӒӒ The proportion of the global population with no formal education will decrease.14

Wikimedia usage demographics ӒӒ In 2017, 49 percent of Wikimedia contributors were writing in English or simple English.15 ӒӒ Wikimedia editors are overwhelmingly men (90 percent).16 ӒӒ Most of Wikimedia’s contributors and users are not located in parts of world

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EMERGING PLATFORMS 2030 How will people around the world be using communications technologies to find, create, and share information?

here are many emerging information technologies to watch over the next 15 years, each of which has the Tpotential to serve as:

ӒӒ competition for the attention of Wikimedia project users, ӒӒ content or topics for Wikimedia projects, ӒӒ potential opportunities for distributing Wikimedia projects’ content, or ӒӒ vehicles for spreading the ethos of open editing and sharing of content.

A Pew Research Center study suggests that while technology usage rates in emerging economies are accelerating, “people in advanced economies still use the internet more, and own more high- (CC Ravalli 2.0) BY-SA Stefano tech gadgets”—especially those who are apps, while people with more resources driven environment which has enabled young and affluent.17 In practice, this are juggling multiple, highly personalized Wikipedia to become one of the world’s means that those just coming to the methods and tools for accessing online most used sites. internet tend to use inexpensive mobile information. This contrasts sharply with Fragmentation of platforms and user devices that prioritize social and chat the desktop, browser, and search-engine habits is slated to accelerate. In two widely

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cited reports on technology innovation tion’s New Readers team has already been “One thing that makes it difficult—the and usage, Mary Meeker and Amy Webb exploring possible formats for offline access platform itself. [Facebook] is a very good lay out the most likely new content types to Wikipedia including mobile PDFs, digital platform that people want to go back to and platforms to mature between now classroom systems, solar-powered termi- again and again. So how do you take into and 2030—several of which, not inciden- nals, and pre-loaded apps. account how people behave and build tally, use mobile devices as a base for These and other similar technology toward that, rather than design the inter- attracting users and shifting media con- predictions are provocative. They provide face that do-gooders think will work?” sumption behaviors.18 These include bots, useful context for the Wikimedia move- interactive interfaces, voice-driven person- ment as it works to develop strategy. At TECHNOLOGY, UNITED STATES al assistants, and toys that are powered the same time, such predictions have by artificial intelligence (AI); virtual reality limitations. Consulting or industry firms “What are the questions developers in the (VR) and augmented reality (AR) for news, seeking to prove their value to customers movement should be asking themselves? education and gaming; wearables; and or to stimulate investment in particular How to build platforms that serve people ubiquitous interactive screens. markets might be much more bullish on most at the margins? If this works and At the same time, people continue to the prospects for certain technologies everyone uses it, how will it affect society? use analog and offline forms of commu- than is warranted. The focus on gadgets, How do we earn the trust of users on nication. In the United States, traditional platforms, and products downplays the platforms rather than coerce their usage? offline media formats including live TV, importance of how users might creative- For for-profit entities: how to structure on radio, DVRs, and game consoles still domi- ly adapt both old and new technologies value exchange rather than surveillance nate users’ daily time—although, as is often to serve public good based on their own and emotional manipulation?” the case, habits differ by generation with needs and constraints. TECHNOLOGY, UNITED STATES younger users gravitating to mobile. What’s more, the entire tech predic- After decades of digital disruption, tion industry tends to downplay negative “Wikipedia should go beyond [the] older communications technologies do not consequences. These include embedded vanish. Instead they linger and sometimes bias in the design of automated systems, written format. We live in an audio-visual become more targeted to adjust to shifting the loss of a shared public space as pro- world now, so Wikipedia should not miss consumer habits. Offline formats are also prietary apps and devices gain popularity, this opportunity and responsibility to useful in geographic areas where internet digital overload among users, and the make its content orally available.” access is limited. The Wikimedia Founda- frailty of digital information. TECHNOLOGY, UNITED STATES

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Internet and device use Wikimedia research “The biggest app usage in all markets is ӒӒ The percentage of the global popula- ӒӒ For the first time, in 2017, the per- Snapchat and WhatsApp, so these then tion that use the internet is predicted centage of users accessing Wikipedia become a viable platform for delivering to rise from 44 percent to 58 percent via mobile devices exceeded those content. Start figuring out how to between 2016 and 2021.19 accessing via personal computers.27 deliver content directly through these ӒӒ IP traffic is predicted to grow three chat streams.” fold, with the fastest growth in the Strategy questions Middle East and Africa between TECHNOLOGY, SOUTH AFRICA 2016 and 2021.20 ӒӒ Given that Wikipedia is the most used ӒӒ Devices and connections per capita, of all of the Wikimedia projects, and average speeds, and average traffic per mobile seems increasingly likely to capita per month all expected to rise be the way that new users will access globally.21 these sites, how can mobile access to ӒӒ India and China lead the list of coun- existing content and editing capabili- tries with projected new mobile sub- ties continue to be improved? scribers by 2020.22 ӒӒ How can these projects be retooled ӒӒ Access to the web via mobile remains for a future in which content is in- low—under 40 percent—for much of creasingly visual, audio, or immersive? Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.23 ӒӒ Which new platforms and technolo- ӒӒ Between 2016 and 2021, one estimate gies seem most promising for expand- shows mobile data traffic increasing ing access to knowledge? sevenfold.24 ӒӒ How can a continual culture of re- ӒӒ Lack of local content has been cited search and development be built into as one factor in slower adoption of the Wikimedia projects so that new mobile.25 approaches and platforms are regular- ӒӒ Getting information via messaging ly being evaluated and tested? apps is seen as the equivalent to information passed by word-of-mouth in some regions.26

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MISINFORMATION & VERIFICATION 2030 How will people find trustworthy sources of knowledge and information?

esearch shows that, around the world, Wikimedia projects are vulnerable to government, polit- Rical, cultural, or profit-driven censorship and misinformation campaigns, as well as outright falsified content. Various actors will exploit current and future technological developments to their benefit, whether it means faking a video, developing new ways to cut off access to content online, or deploying ever-more intelligent bots. Much recent concern has emerged internationally about the political uses of misinformation to influence open democracies from the 2016 United States elec- tions to recent European electoral con- tests and to Africa. But the challenge goes beyond politics; commerce, personal inter- actions, and every sphere of information exchange is also affected. And Wikipedia, in its very essence, has the same vulner- ability to misinformation, disinformation,

and mal-information campaigns that (CCBrett Taylor BY 2.0)

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open democracies do; the open platform projects face are true, too, for the entire “The interesting role that Wikimedia is both its weakness and its strength. open knowledge ecosystem. It is crucial plays is the branding that it does—that “[T]here has been much discussion of that the Wikimedia movement work the notion of accurate information is both how information disorder is influencing with others in this ecosystem to recog- possible and desirable.” democracies. More concerning, however, nize and combat organized efforts to GALLERIES, LIBRARIES, ARCHIVES, AND are the long-term implications of dis-in- mislead the public as well as remain vig- MUSEUMS (GLAM), UNITED STATES formation campaigns designed specifi- ilant, educated, and nimble in meeting cally to sow mistrust and confusion and technological change. “Wikipedia’s responsibility is greater to sharpen existing sociocultural divisions using nationalistic, ethnic, racial and reli- echnology creates many opportu- than any other time in history. The role gious tensions.”28 nities for information to be created of Wikimedia being a neutral broker of The deliberate spread of misinfor- via new means, such as artificial reliable information should/could be in- mation can be traced to some of the Tintelligence (AI), bots, big data, and vir- credibly powerful.” earliest recorded history, with examples tual reality. The unprecedented surge in TECHNOLOGY, UNITED STATES dating back to early written history, but the automation of knowledge creation it is the ways in which such information and analysis brings both advantages and “The more the content can be viewed is created and how it travels that have challenges. On the plus side, these tools as local and locally driven, the greater changed. At one time the newspaper are helping information producers; for the comfort and confidence. Hence the was cutting-edge technology; now there example, the Associated Press has writ- importance of more local volunteers and ten about technologies such as drones is a possibility (if small) of human-level local contribution. There is a degree of and robotic cameras that have augment- intelligence or even greater than human skepticism and paranoia by the people intelligence, known as super-intelligence, ed reporting in ways that would not be from this part of the world about infor- being created by 2030. Such develop- possible by simply handing humans a mation that is perceived as foreign, as ments will both increase the sophistica- camera. Deploying machine learning can people wonder that the agenda is. But it tion of misinformation and make it more also help mine information from sourc- challenging to detect. es that would otherwise be opaque to is less applicable when you are talking Existing and emerging technologies analysis, such as audio and video.29 But the about news coming from civil society or also offer opportunities to enhance pub- development of new tools can also lead to private source locally.” lic knowledge. The challenges Wikimedia more misleading content that could pose BUSINESS/ENTREPRENEURSHIP, EGYPT

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challenges when sourcing Wikipedia en- and virtual private networks. China’s “With people feeling that the truth tries. In response, between now and 2030, activities in this sphere are known as the is so under attack, there’s no greater the Wikimedia movement will need to “Great Firewall of China.”31 statement about the resilience of truth remain alert and develop new methods of Such government control not only than Wikipedia being relatively unaffected verification that match new technological reduces source material for Wikipedia by this and continuing to scale. You can’t capabilities that may potentially be used editors but can also result in an overall afford to fail.” to spread misinformation. Technology also chilling effect on freedom of expression POLICY/GOVERNMENT, UNITED STATES presents myriad obstacles to accessing the for those seeking to produce or verify in- content delivered on Wikimedia platforms formation. A related trend among govern- “The power of Wikipedia is in its as the trend toward mobile is rapidly ments and political actors is purposeful references. It has credibility.” challenging Wikipedia’s web-based, desk- propagation of disinformation or propa- top-accessed model.30 In addition, there ganda. This not only weakens sources and, BUSINESS/ENTREPRENEURSHIP, NIGERIA are new means of content delivery such as therefore, content on Wikipedia but also wearables, immersive rigs, and voice-acti- creates an overall culture of doubt relat- “Because of your digital real estate, brand, vated digital assistants to consider as new ed to the reliability of online information. and utility … you’ll become a battle- platforms. With new modes of information With respect to access, primary concerns field. You’ll see a lot of what tampering delivery come new opportunities to falsify will be censoring or blocking the Wikipe- looks like and Wikipedia will fight those or mislead. dia platform, blocking online access alto- digital battles. You guys legitimately are gether, and monitoring online access. defenders of the truth.” overnments and political actors The rise of commercial social media POLICY/GOVERNMENT, UNITED STATES have the power to both suppress platforms over the last decade, and the and distort content by persecut- concurrent decline of and trust in tradi- “Wikipedia should play a role in an age Ging activists, journalists, academics, and tional modern news sources, creates con- where polarization is a thing in many other citizens, as well as to restrict access cerns about new ways that misinformation countries. This should be done without to Wikimedia platforms. For example, is being filtered and delivered online and being political.” in China, the government has not only used in public discourse, especially with restricted access to the internet and sites respect to sponsored research, adverto- POLICY/GOVERNMENT, BRAZIL such as Google and Facebook but also to rials, hired shills, and clickbait content. Facebook’s WhatsApp messaging service The next frontier in understanding how

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to combat misinformation involves de- Technology Innovations veloping a more sophisticated grasp on ӒӒ “Human-level machine intelligence,” ӒӒ There is innovation around fact- how networks help to spread it and may the ability to match human skills in checking to help citizens find reliable involve ubiquitous fact-checking.32 Threats most professions, has a 10 percent sources.40 to access come from battles over net neu- probability by 2022 and 50 percent by ӒӒ Researchers, developers, journalists, trality, filter bubbles, the rise of proprietary 2040; super intelligence could come and others are working on ways to apps and platforms, and corporations’ soon after.33 automate parts of the fact-checking willingness (or unwillingness) to provide ӒӒ Supercomputers will exceed human and verification process, helping to access to Wikipedia content from within capabilities in almost all areas by 2020 reveal the pathways by which messag- their own content properties and devices. to 2030.34 es travel across social media and other ӒӒ Incipient technologies seem likely to transmission channels and developing present challenges to discerning what tools to promote greater understand- is real and what is fake.35 ing of the ways in which information is altered.41 Governments ӒӒ Social media platforms are being ӒӒ Textbooks and reference sources are pressured to help solve misinfor- the targets of crackdowns by repres- mation and propaganda problems sive regimes36 globally.42 ӒӒ The most recent analysis of press free- ӒӒ Governments are adopting or consid- dom worldwide from Reporters With- ering laws and policies requiring more out Borders declared that the globe is transparency on the spread of misin- “darkening.”37 formation on social media sites and ӒӒ Governments are purposefully breed- online, as well as regulatory measures ing misinformation.38 to prevent it from happening.43 ӒӒ Problems are so pronounced and per- vasive that a taxonomy of both misin- Wikimedia research formation and disinformation shows ӒӒ Outright censorship of Wikipedia multiple tactics to spot and watch in articles is waning.44 Strategies the Wi- 39

Christopher Dombres (CC0Christopher 1.0) the coming years. kimedia movement has developed to

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combat censorship are working; but it’s important to remain vigilant. CONTENT ACCESS ӒӒ Wikipedia is developing new tools such as the Objective Revision Evalu- Influence: information created via new means of content ation Service (ORES) to help editors technology new means such as AI, delivery such as wearables, spot potentially “damaging” edits. bots, big data, virtual immersive rigs, voice- ӒӒ Wikipedia’s open contribution model reality activated digital assistants is poorly understood in geographies where there is low awareness and is, therefore, viewed as a weakness.45 Influence: rise in misinformation, censoring/blocking ӒӒ Wikipedia’s deployment of HTTPS that governments threats to press freedom Wikipedia platform, prevents censors from seeing which and politics blocking online access page within a website was visited “has altogether, monitoring been a good one in terms of ensuring online access accessibility to knowledge,” according to a Berkman Klein study. In general, technological solutions (e.g. HTTPS) to Influence: sponsored research, technological problems (such as out- filter bubbles, proprietary commerce advertorials, hired shills, right blocking) can sometimes bring devices and platforms clickbait content relief—until the next technological challenge emerges.46 ments in journalism, academia, and to advocate for press freedom, free Strategy questions technology for new ways to fact-check speech, universal internet access, and and verify information that can be other policy goals that ensure access ӒӒ How can Wikimedia encourage and used as sources for Wikimedia plat- and the free flow of information? embrace experiments in artificial in- forms, such as evaluating video or ӒӒ How can Wikimedia use emerging telligence and machine learning that other new media? technologies to build and deepen could help enrich Wikipedia content? ӒӒ How will Wikimedia collaborate with local content around the word? ӒӒ How will Wikimedia track develop- other public interest organizations

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LITERACY 2030 How will the world learn in the future?

lobal literacy rates are increasing, and share information change, text- and to open knowledge sources will hold an although they vary in different image-based modes of communication information advantage over those with geographic, political, and econom- may become less prevalent. Wikimedia blocked or limited access. Gic contexts. The Wikimedia projects have projects will need to adapt to provide a Wikimedia is exploring effective ways a role—and some might argue an obliga- platform for new and evolving modes of to partner with educators and students tion—in advancing literacy worldwide. communication. through initiatives like Wiki Education, but But the literacy of the future looks While this research did not encompass many educators remain skeptical about different from basic literacy skills of the a significant study of trends in formal edu- incorporating Wikipedia in their courses. past. Learners of the future will need to cation, educational technology is a boom- be versed beyond the nuts and bolts of ing sector. Emerging forms of educational language and numbers. They will need technology include learning as gaming, to know how to make productive use of 3D visualization and imaging applica- new technologies as educational materials tions, and Augmented Reality (AR). These and instruction are delivered in new ways. new forms allow learners to explore their They will also need the ability to discern subjects in multiple sensory dimensions. and contextualize the information itself, Expansion of technology in education- to learn not just how to make coherent ar- al settings suggests that the Wikimedia guments based on facts but also to recog- movement and other open knowledge nize propaganda and misinformation and sources and platforms will have new expose them as such. opportunities to develop free education- Today the Wikimedia projects are al applications for the many schools and predominantly text- and image-based. As learners around the globe who are un-

the ways in which people acquire, create, der-resourced. Populations with access (CC Education US Department of BY 2.0)

LITERACY • 22 STRATEGY 2030

The Wikimedia movement can help ӒӒ The business of paid e-learning is ex- “I know that Wikipedia is looking at image counteract this perception—and strength- panding rapidly, particularly in Africa content and other kinds of things. In the 51 en students’ digital and media learning and Eastern Europe. same way, libraries are trying to figure out skills—by increasing its efforts to partner ӒӒ Experts from Africa, Asia, and the beyond text-based literacy, understanding with educators and involve students in Middle East believe that the formal the other containers that information is contributing to Wikipedia and adhering to education system is failing youth in going to come in will be critical.” its strict citation guidelines. Finding ways emerging markets around the world to utilize or crowdsource other rising forms and that people in these regions are GLAM (GALLERIES, LIBRARIES, ARCHIVES, AND of educational content—including audio, seeking new ways to consume and MUSEUMS), UNITED STATES video, and even virtual reality or AR—will process knowledge online.52 help Wikimedia projects keep pace with “Future roles: If someone is willing to shifting trends in learning. Wikimedia research learn, how do you create other avenues ӒӒ Wikipedia’s future users will need a for someone beyond written knowledge? Literacy platform that allows them to create Get young people into the Wikipedia ӒӒ Rates of literacy have been rising glob- and transfer knowledge in non-text movement and building soft and life skills ally over the past six decades.47 formats with a strong emphasis in oral through that volunteer work, so contribu- 53 ӒӒ Research from UNESCO predicts that and visual resources. tion becomes a credential in itself.” our understanding of basic literacy ӒӒ Leaders in historically marginalized EDUCATION, NIGERIA skills will expand beyond reading communities in the western world and numeracy to include facility with share concerns similar to those in “This information flood will continue, as using digital devices.48 emerging markets about the current we know that humans are creatures that ӒӒ Online knowledge-seekers are looking text-based modes of consumption love to share. These sharing activities can for short, compact, and visual ways of on Wikipedia. The editing guidelines engaging with content and acquiring about who and what is cited do not never be stopped. So what we need to do new skills..49 always match the cultural preserva- is educate people with media literacy, so tion systems in these communities.54 they can pick the right source.” Technology and learning POLICY/GOVERNMENT, INDONESIA ӒӒ Despite gaps in access, educational technology is in growing use.50

LITERACY • 23 STRATEGY 2030

“Currently, Indians are huge consumers of information but not producers. In the future, this will get more bi-directional and interactive. Knowledge that is more tacit now will be documented. Knowledge gaps in formal organisations like the government will be filled by informal initiatives like citizen activism.” POLICY/GOVERNMENT, INDIA

“Digital literacy is unbelievably important now. Take email for example. My mother can’t tell spam from an email. You have to look very closely at the address of everything! Where can people go to learn this (digital literacy)? Universities assume that Ajita Majumdar (CC 2.0) BY-SA kids already have it. But they don’t.” Strategy questions EDUCATION, UNITED STATES

ӒӒ To what level of “literacy” should Wi- to expand the use of its content by kimedia aim its content? How can it educators and students? better reach individuals in countries ӒӒ How will the rise of other modalities with lower levels of literacy? of learning and generating knowl- ӒӒ As education becomes increasingly edge (AI, immersive, 3D printing, tech-enabled and personalized, what etc.) affect the usability of Wikimedia additional strategies could the Wiki- platforms within formal and informal media movement consider in order education settings

LITERACY • 24 STRATEGY 2030

OPEN KNOWLEDGE 2030 How will we share culture, ideas, and information?

alleries, libraries, archives, and proprietary apps and games also have a growing number of partnerships with museums (GLAMs), along with differing use criteria and permissions and GLAM institutions around the world. other content- and asset-rich are too infrequently shared across organi- Through these efforts, the movement Gcultural organizations, are opening col- zations. A helpful trend toward standard- could do more to create and encourage lections and archives and making them izing metadata could make cross-orga- utilization of cross-organizational plat- freely available online. This global move- nizational and cross-collection searches forms. Some institutions hold source ment demonstrates the public’s appetite feasible. Europeana is an example of a materials that incorporate important for free open access to the knowledge, concerted effort across countries and col- community ephemera, cultural historical expertise, and collections GLAM organi- lections to make materials searchable. documentation, oral histories, and other zations hold. However, progress is uneven The Wikimedia movement supports materials that do not match Wikipedia’s as GLAM institutions with the great- est resources outpace smaller and less well-funded organizations, and searches for content across organizations remain difficult. Wikimedia can play a key role both in expanding access and improving the end user experience. Today, many GLAM institutions have built their own singular methods to access their collections, making navigation across multiple collections onerous for the end user. Burgeoning creativity in the creation

of engagement tools and platforms like Anna Carol (CC 2.0) BY-SA

OPEN KNOWLEDGE • 25 STRATEGY 2030

strict citation protocols. Finding ways to with training in how to access and use dig- “It is becoming more obvious that you incorporate these as searchable cultural ital materials. Libraries are educating users don’t need all the really expensive assets could offer rich knowledge and around misinformation, fraud, and pro- infrastructure that the university information for Wikimedia users. paganda online. Between now and 2030, provides (sports teams, facilities), and it Libraries are becoming more lively libraries will increasingly serve as technol- is much cheaper to do just the learning actors in the open knowledge ecosystem, ogy gateways, introducing people to new on its own. Historically, we’ve been becoming digital portals to information as tools like 3D printers or virtual reality (VR). lazy with pursuing our own knowledge well as physical spaces for convening and Between now and 2030, there are study. They frequently offer digital access opportunities for the Wikimedia move- path and have outsourced the learning to collections and source materials, along ment and GLAM institutions to gain allies process to universities because it was in the open knowledge movement and to easier. Pursuing self-enrichment or find creative ways to connect users to new learning on one’s own is more feasible knowledge. A few examples: for the future.” BUSINESS/ENTREPRENEURSHIP, BRAZIL ӒӒ Developing digital platforms for under-resourced GLAM organizations on “It’s important for organizations like a global basis libraries, museums, and civic institutions ӒӒ Identifying protocols for citing new to bring people together for civic discourse. kinds of source materials How might this societal function become ӒӒ Helping to build a search gateway that crosses collections and organizations important to Wikimedia?” ӒӒ Engaging GLAM organizations as con- GLAM (GALLERIES, LIBRARIES, ARCHIVES, AND tributors of content and as editors MUSEUMS), UNITED STATES ӒӒ Enriching Wikimedia projects through purposeful recruitment of non-west- “What Wikipedia needs to do is have ern collections and archives something like a platform to learn the ropes, learn how to be a Wikipedian and, The Wikimedia movement should also with time, learn and graduate to be able to watch other open knowledge trends likely post material on the Wikipedia platform.”

GoToVan (CC BY 2.0) GoToVan to accelerate between now and 2030. TECHNOLOGY, NIGERIA

OPEN KNOWLEDGE • 26 STRATEGY 2030

Improvements in voice-to-text platforms, populations and collections.62 “Wikimedia could do fun competitions for translation software, and accessibility ӒӒ Wikimedia is participating in university students to get people engaged tools all will make materials easier to share collaborations to standardize and contributing.” and access online. Training users to iden- metadata.63 TECHNOLOGY, INDONESIA tify and counter misinformation will also become paramount—a ubiquitous part of Strategy questions “Wikimedia is something you have to go literacy training for all open knowledge to. But Wikimedia could be the one that ӒӒ What role can materials like oral organizations. goes. They could go to people and teach histories, personal photo collections, what is vitally important.” GLAM organizations and open collections or other documentation play within EDUCATION, UNITED STATES ӒӒ Trend toward digital open access to the Wikimedia movement’s citation collections.55 practices? Can the movement help ӒӒ Experimentation in digital offerings foster connections with repositories of “Wikipedia, in 2030, should play a key proliferating.56 these source materials that can enrich role in providing pedagogical tools and ӒӒ Libraries becoming hubs for access to Wikipedia’s content? platforms. There is no other free and open both physical and digital collections.57 ӒӒ How might Wikimedians contribute source provider filling this gap.” their platform expertise to benefit EDUCATION, INDIA Ease of access smaller, less-formal, and less-institu- ӒӒ Translation software will improve.58 tionalized GLAM partners? ӒӒ Voice to text will improve.59 ӒӒ Could the Wikimedia movement ӒӒ Ease of use will increase for vision-im- benefit from expansion of in-person, paired people and others with special physical programming? What might access needs.60 such programming comprise and how might it be different in different Wikimedia research countries and regional centers? ӒӒ Wikimedia projects are expanding col- ӒӒ How can the Wikimedia movement in- laboration with GLAM institutions.61 fluence GLAM and other institutions to ӒӒ Individual Wikipedia chapters are encourage and facilitate policies for free reaching out to language minority and open access to digital content?

OPEN KNOWLEDGE • 27 STRATEGY 2030

EXPECT THE UNEXPECTED BY 2030 How can we know what the world will look like in 2030—and what the Wikimedia movement’s role in it will be?

rom 2015 to 2017, the Wikimedia ments in medical technology. Building in the creation of new technologies and Foundation has been pursuing a the capacity to periodically project and re- political responses. Foundations, corpo- variety of perspectives to inform the spond to coming changes in technology, rations, and governments have commis- FWikimedia 2030 process through consul- policy, demographics, learning, and media sioned science fiction writers to think tation with movement members; expert habits—and finding the volunteers and through the implications of their ideas for interviews and group discussions; and partners who are excited and prepared to various sectors. There are also already-pop- scanning of industry, government, and help—is central to making the Wikimedia ular books that address concerns central academic research. Each of these meth- projects flourish. to the Wikimedia movement. (See further ods has its own strengths and weakness- There are a few different tools for reading below.) es. Combining them helps to bolster the thinking through unexpected futures. “[A]ll organizing is science fiction,” weak spots, but there’s still more work to One is scenario planning—a method that writes Walidah Imarisha in Octavia’s Brood: be done in anticipating the unexpected in provides enough narrative structure and Science Fiction Stories from Social Justice the coming years. detail to allow planners to more easily “How can we prepare for what’s like- imagine future consequences. Confront- ly to happen next?” should not be not ing different futures also forces partici- a static question asked periodically for pants to consider their own assumptions strategic planning purposes and then set and biases. aside. There are numerous possible future Another is speculative fiction, some- shifts that were not considered in depth times coupled with speculative design of during the strategy process such as anti- products or services. While current tech- biotic resistance, unforeseen conflicts, the nologies and political conditions often impact of automation on work, climate shape the possibilities explored in such

catastrophes, cyber warfare, and improve- works, these stories can, in turn, influence S (CCAndrew BY-ND 2.0)

EXPECT THE UNEXPECTED • 28 STRATEGY 2030

Movements. “We are dreaming new worlds ӒӒ Speculative Everything: Design, “The promise is that Wikimedia, as much every time we think about the changes we Fiction, and Social Dreaming by as anything else, is emblematic of what’s 64 want to make in the world.” The Wikime- Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby (MIT possible in terms of collaborative online dia projects are themselves the product of Press, 2013). democracy, as anarchistic as it may be a utopian vision: “Imagine a world in which Ӓ Walkaway by Cory Doctorow (Tor Ӓ and as messy as it may be, its visibility every single human being can freely share Books, 2017). and the promise of its structure… and the in the sum of all knowledge.” ӒӒ Ready Player One by Ernest Cline geographic breadth.” Of course, both scenario planning and (Random House, 2011). science fiction are only as imaginative as ӒӒ Infomocracy by Malka Older (Tor TECHNOLOGY, UNITED STATES the people who create them. If the con- Books, 2016). tributors are too homogenous then the ӒӒ Hieroglyph: Stories & Visions for a Bet- “Wikipedia was a radical idea, stuck in quality of information and insight suffers. ter Future edited by Kathryn Cramer past radicalism. It needs to move out of It is important to have contributors rep- and Ed Finn (William Morrow, 2015). the textual mode. As the leader in free resent varied geographic regions, races, ӒӒ Octavia’s Brood: Science Fiction Sto- knowledge, can it take its leadership to the genders, and ideological contexts. ries from Social Justice Movements whole world? It’s a small type of movement With its global reach and visibility, the edited by Walidah Imarisha and Adri- right now. Needs to become big and slip in Wikimedia movement is well-positioned enne Maree Brown (AK Press, 2015). and out of other ecosystems.” to gather and consider speculative visions Ӓ “Moving Toward Science Fiction Think- Ӓ MEDIA, INDIA from across the globe and apply these ing” by Deji Bryce Olukotun (Tor.com). visions to understanding how Wikimedia If I think 15 years forward … we will know projects should evolve. whether we made it to avoid catastrophic Strategy questions climate change or if we are dealing with Further reading ӒӒ Knight Foundation scenario planning ӒӒ How can the Wikimedia movement— the consequences of catastrophic climate report, Imagining the Futures, 2017, with all its insight and knowledge— change. Either we have avoided civiliza- available on knightfoundation.org. build the future together? tion-disturbing mass migrations or we will ӒӒ Black Swan: Impact of the highly ӒӒ Who gets to shape the future? be in the middle of them and dealing with improbable by Nassim Nicholas Taleb ӒӒ How can our collective action shape consequences of them. (Random House, 2007). the future we envision? TECHNOLOGY, UNITED STATES

EXPECT THE UNEXPECTED • 29 STRATEGY 2030

ACROSS THE RESEARCH: RISING THEMES

n exciting prospect for any re- and relative civility, showing how even developers, and others. This means that searcher is a confluence of themes when voices are fractious or polarized the projects’ value goes beyond informa- rising from disparate subject areas. there can be consistent process and tion, and their loss would be felt across InA pursuing our research for this project agreement. many fields and disciplines. we frequently had the sense of meeting ourselves coming and going, with similar The Wikimedia projects must actively Guard against the complacency of ideas flowing into the same river from our welcome new users and new partners. success. While demonstrating the best of different streams of inquiry. To thrive, the Wikimedia platforms and the open web, Wikimedia is also viewed We offer five such rising themes here, movement must reach out purpose- by many as fragile, notably closed to new- ideas we encountered repeatedly both fully to welcome new users—whether comers, change-resistant, and vulnerable in crafting our research briefs and in our that means students, women, those just to the increased buffeting of “the darken- interview conversations. coming online across the globe, a great- ing globe.” Observers warn against com- er percentage of people from emerging placency and urge renewed activism. The Wikimedia projects are inspiring. communities, or partners at GLAM and People believe the Wikimedia projects educational institutions. demonstrate the best of what the open web can give humanity: cooperation, glob- Outsiders view the Wikimedia proj- al visibility, dedicated volunteers, and clear ects as a global utility, not merely a and continuing value. content hub. The Wikimedia projects serve more than individual audiences The Wikimedia projects are values- seeking information; they provide a fur- based. People perceive the Wikimedia ther body of knowledge valuable to re- projects as based on a model of restraint searchers, AI programmers, search engine

RESEARCH THEMES • 30 STRATEGY 2030

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE WIKIPEDIA MOVEMENT

Do now ӒӒ Strengthen editing, access, and sub- role in moments of natural and man- ӒӒ Re-articulate and widely share your mission tools for mobile. made disaster. values statements, and do so in ways ӒӒ Use popular social platforms to recruit ӒӒ Reward and celebrate veteran vol- that enhance the urgency and the new movement members and find di- unteers—but not at the expense of value proposition of the Wikimedia gestible ways to share timely content adapting to a changing world. movement. and engage users. ӒӒ Maximize partnerships with GLAM ӒӒ Clarify and reinvigorate the relation- ӒӒ Make the case for new kinds of volun- institutions to engage new movement ship between the Wikimedia Founda- teers: ambassadors, futurists, design- members in local communities. tion and the movement globally. ers, connectors, and others. ӒӒ Connect and partner with philan- ӒӒ Clearly define what you mean by the thropic foundations and donors “Wikimedia movement”—who is in it Do soon that are seeking to protect the and what roles they play. ӒӒ Use Wikimania 2018 in Cape Town to digital commons and advance open ӒӒ Engage with other open knowledge complete a concrete plan for making knowledge. players globally, identify areas of Wikimedia projects invaluable across common interest, and join forces to Africa. Do by 2030 mobilize against threats to the ӒӒ Build internal capacity to scan for and ӒӒ Retool for a more visual, aural, immer- open web. respond to major changes in technol- sive, and tactile media future. ӒӒ Take a proactive role in efforts to solve ogy, policy, and user habits. ӒӒ Rethink sourcing rules to validate online misinformation challenges and ӒӒ Invest in user experience testing and non-Western forms of knowledge and campaigns, which poses an imminent visual design. information. danger to the Wikimedia movement ӒӒ Prioritize Wikipedia’s credibility, au- ӒӒ Continue to embrace the scale of your while also providing a strategic oppor- thority, and usability in education. aspirations: We’ll never actually know tunity to create greater public value. ӒӒ Consider and prepare for Wikimedia’s everything, and that itself is beautiful.

RECOMMENDATIONS • 31 STRATEGY 2030

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

For organizations in the open knowledge For funders ecosystem ӒӒ Field-building: Given the increasing legal defense funding, and grants for ӒӒ Mobilization: How will the broader frequency and intensity of threats to capacity-building among advocacy open knowledge movement organize the digital public square, how can the organizations? itself to better reach and inform poli- philanthropic sector advance its own cymakers, legal advocates, and other knowledge of relevant global players? ӒӒ Defending veracity: How can philan- stakeholders in matters related to the thropy support the people, organi- future of the open internet? ӒӒ Streamlining: How can philanthropy zations, and coalitions working to support collaboration among open combat misinformation and build ӒӒ Representation: What joint funding internet and knowledge organizations digital literacy? initiatives can help insure that open in order to advance their collective internet advocates are present at missions and help avoid duplication ӒӒ Strengthening cultural connections: key public policy discussions among and gather strength? What partnerships could philanthropy internet governance entities such as encourage and support that would ICANN, ISOC, IGF, and others that are ӒӒ Inclusion: How can philanthropy help build relationships among educators, more local and regional? ensure that new voices participate in GLAM organizations, and other non- the open knowledge movement? profits so that more people and or- ӒӒ Policy: How will the open knowledge ganizations contribute to and benefit movement support the growing need ӒӒ Access: How will funders support the from open knowledge? for legal work around the globe in public’s right to internet access and defense of free speech, access to infor- open information through philan- mation, and open knowledge? thropic support for policy initiatives,

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS • 32 STRATEGY 2030

For the Wikimedia Foundation itself

ӒӒ Stewardship: How will the Wikimedia ӒӒ Partnerships: How will the Wikimedia Foundation assert and balance leader- Foundation use its considerable visi- ship of the Wikimedia movement with bility and influence to work with other its role fostering a robust volunteer open internet and open knowledge culture? allies to advocate for press freedom, free speech, universal internet access, ӒӒ Valuing difference: How will the and other policy goals that will ensure Wikimedia Foundation articulate its the free flow of information? commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion and to building a culture ӒӒ Resilience: How will the Wikime- that welcomes, encourages, and sup- dia Foundation weather continu- ports the multiplicity of voices neces- ous change by building a culture of sary to build the global movement, research and innovation so that new develop richer content, and become approaches and platforms are being more relevant to more people? regularly evaluated and tested?

ӒӒ Protecting users: How will the Wikime- dia Foundation model exemplary insti- tutional behavior around privacy and transparency—and articulate the values and ethics of its policies and practices— in order to serve as a beacon for those critiquing government, corporate, and even nonprofit practices?

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS • 33 STRATEGY 2030

ENDNOTES

1 “Wikimedia Traffic Analysis Report,” Wikimedia, 2017, 9 “World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision,” 17 Poushter, Jacob, “Smartphone Ownership and Internet accessed October 12, 2017, stats.wikimedia.org/wikime- United Nations, Department of Economic and Usage Continues to Climb in Emerging Economies,” dia/ squids/SquidReportPageViewsPerCountryOver- Social Affairs, Population Division, accessed June Pew Research Center, February 22, 2016, www.pewglob- view.htm. 15, 2017, esa.un.org/unpd/wup/publications/files/ al.org/2016/02/22/smartphone-ownership-and-inter- wup2014-highlights.Pdf . net-usage-continues-to-climb-in-emerging-economies. 2 “Gross Domestic Product 2016, PPP,” World Bank, 2016, accessed June 30, 2017, databank.worldbank.org/data/ “Population 2030,” United Nations, Department of Meeker, Mary, “Internet Trends Report 2017,” Kleiner download/GDP_PPP.pdf. 10 18 Economic and Social Affairs, 2015, accessed June 11, Perkins, May 31, 2017, www.slideshare.net/kleinerper- 2017, www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/ 3 “2017 Revision of World Population Prospects,” United kins/internet-trends-2017-report. publications/pdf/trends/Population2030.pdf. Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Webb, Amy, “2017 Tech Trends Annual Report,” Future Population Division, accessed July 15, 2017, esa.un.org/ Today Institute, accessed June 27, 2017, futuretodayin- unpd/wpp. 11 “Population 2030,” United Nations, Department of stitute.com/2017-tech-trends. Economic and Social Affairs, 2015, accessed June 11, 4 “Population 2030: Demographic challenges and 2017, www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/ 19 “Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Method- opportunities for sustainable development planning,” publications/pdf/trends/Population2030.pdf. ology, 2016-2021,” Cisco, June 6, 2017, accessed June United Nations, Department of Economic and Social 25, 2017, www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/ Affairs, 2015, accessed July 15, 2017, www.un.org/en/de- 12 “Summary by Language Size,” Ethnologue 18th edition, service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/com- velopment/desa/population/publications/pdf/trends/ 2015, accessed July 20, 2017, www.ethnologue.com/ plete-white-paper-c11-481360.pdf. Population2030.pdf. ethnoblog/m-paul-lewis/welcome-18th-edition. 20 “Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Meth- 5 “2014 Revision of World Urbanization Prospects,” 13 Graddol, David, “The Future of English: A Guide to odology, 2016-2021,” Cisco, June 6, 2017, www.cisco. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Forecasting the Popularity of the English Language com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/ Affairs, Population Division, accessed June 15, 2017, esa. in the 21st Century,” accessed June 24, 2017, www. visual-networking-index-vni/complete-white-pa- un.org/unpd/wup/publications/files/wup2014-high- teachingenglish.org.uk/sites/teacheng/files/learn- per-c11-481360.pdf. lights.Pdf. ing-elt-future.pdf. 21 “Global Mobile Consumer Trends: First Edition,” 6 “World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision,” “Education by Age, Sex, and Level,” International Deloitte, accessed June 27, 2017, www2.deloitte.com/ United Nations, Department of Economic and Social 14 Futures (IF) Tool, Frederick S. Pardee Center for Inter- content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/technology-me- Affairs, Population Division, accessed June 15, 2017, esa. national Futures, University of Denver, 2016, accessed dia-telecommunications/us-tmt-global-mobile-con- un.org/unpd/wup/publications/files/wup2014-high- October 17, 2017, www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_EdnCohoDisp. sumer-trends-first-edition-2016.pdf. lights.Pdf. aspx?Group=World. 7 “Population 2030,” United Nations, Department of 22 “Global Mobile Trends,” GSMA Intelligence, October Economic and Social Affairs, 2015, accessed June 11, 15 “Wikipedia Statistics: Contributors,” Wikipedia, 2017, 2016, accessed June 27, 2017, www.gsmaintelligence. 2017, www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/ accessed June 14, 2017, stats.wikimedia.org/EN/Table- com/research/?file=357f1541c77358e61787fac35259d- publications/pdf/trends/Population2030.pdf. sWikipediansContributors.htm. c92&download.

8 “Population 2030,” United Nations, Department of 16 Khanna, Ayush, “Nine Out of Ten Wikipedians Continue 23 “Global Mobile Trends,” GSMA Intelligence, October Economic and Social Affairs, 2015, accessed June 11, to be Men: Editor Survey,” Wikimedia Blog, accessed 2016, accessed June 27, 2017. www.gsmaintelligence. 2017, www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/ October 12, 2017, blog.wikimedia.org/2012/04/27/nine- com/research/?file=357f1541c77358e61787fac35259d- publications/pdf/trends/Population2030.pdf. out-of-ten-wikipedians-continue-to-be-men/. c92&download.

ENDNOTES • 34 STRATEGY 2030

24 “Cisco Visual Networking Index: Forecast and Meth- 32 “To Enable a Conversation Over the World’s Knowledge: 41 Adair, Bill, “Knight Foundation, Facebook and Craig odology, 2016-2021,” Cisco, June 6, 2017, www.cisco. Hypothesis Mission,” The Hypothesis Project, accessed Newmark provide funding to launch Duke Tech & com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/ 22, May 2017, hypothes.is/about/. Check Cooperative,” Duke Reporters Lab, September visual-networking-index-vni/complete-white-pa- 25, 2017, reporterslab.org/duke-tech-and-check-coop- per-c11-481360.pdf. 33 Bostrom, Nick. Super Intelligence: Paths, Dangers, erative-funding-announcement/. Strategies, New York: Oxford University Press, 2014. Peacock, Colin, “The French Fake News Fightback,” 25 “Global Mobile Trends,” GSMA Intelligence, October Radio New Zealand, April 30, 2017, www.radionz.co.nz/ 2016, accessed June 27, 2017, www.gsmaintelligence. 34 Helbing, Dirk, et al., “Will Democracy Survive Big Data national/programmes/mediawatch/audio/201841633/ com/research/?file=357f1541c77358e61787fac35259d- and Artificial Intelligence?,”Scientific American, Febru- the-french-fake-news-fightback. c92&download. ary 25, 2017, www.scientificamerican.com/article/will-de- “News Verification Platform Truly Media Wants to Help mocracy-survive-big-data-and-artificial-intelligence/. 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