L O U K I S L A RA S

REMJNI S CENCES OF

A CHZOTE MER CHANT D URI NG THE

W AR OF I ND EPEND ENCE

BY D B I K EL A . S

TR ANS L ATED FROM THE GREEK

B Y ENNAD I J. G U S

31 0 1113 0 11

M A A C MI L L N C O .

1 8 8 1

PREFA E C .

THE translation into English of a modern

e e e e e e so Gr k tal is a lit rary nt rprise unusual, not t o e e de ed ee say unpr c nt , that it s ms to

for o e e not for o o call s m xplanation , if ap l gy.

L oukis Laras appe are d for the first time as a s e rial in that exce lle nt Athenian p eriodi

h Hai fa h f 1 8 t e d t o . cal , , uring e e arly part 7 9 The popularity t o which it rapidly attained rendere d ne cessary its publication in a s epa

e e an d e o d d o e d rat volum , a s c n e iti n is alr a y

o e d o e not o e d ann unc , a c mplim nt ft n pai to a book issued within the restricted limits of

Greece.

The e of th o e e e e m rits e work, h w v r, w r not long in b eing recognised by a wider circle of i v P REFA C E. — readers those Greek scholars in the we st of

Europ e who have give n th e ir sp ecial atte n ti on to the Me diaeval and Ne ohelle nic epochs of Gree k literature . h th T e distinguish e d H elle nist, e Marquis

e e de - H e e d t d ! u ux Saint ilair , publish las

e o ye ar, in Paris, a Fr nch translati n , which

’

ed o of . Bik elas s o so elicit , in fav ur M w rk, high an opinion from th os e who had occasion t o e on L oukis comm nt it, that Laras has bee n include d in the official list of books t o

e the o e and be plac d in p pular librari s, to be

e the awarde d as priz s in French Lycée s . A German translation soon followe d it is he of e e e t work William Wagn r, whos pr mature death has since le ft in the ranks of H ellenic scholars a gap n ot readily t o be filled up . In Italy and in De nmark translations have — also appeare d in the latte r country from. the pen of Profe ssor J e an Pio an d the author has had more than on e application

r o e fo translations in the r languag s . F vii P R E A C E .

S o rapid an d so unusual a succ e ss of a

w d t o work ritte n in an i iom which , say the e d n o e the l ast, fin s plac in curriculum of e e d e o d e e ee g n ral stu i s, w ul , in its lf, hav b n a s ufficie nt warranty for this translation.

o e o e the o L oukis But, m r v r, both riginal of Laras pass ed the b e st part of his life and e de d d d an d our o n his ays in Englan , auth r himself b e cam e kn own in Lond on as a man of e and e on of busin ss at first , lat r as a man l etters also.

Bikelas W e to e e M . , hil sacrificing H rm s, h o o er of o e e t o t e pr m t c mm rc , was faithful the god unde r his no le ss glorious attribute

f o of e . o o o protect r l arning F ll wing up , in

e e d o and e this r sp ct, a family tra iti n , b ing

o e d e e d e he oo de pr mpt by h r itary tal nt , s n ma

e oe an d o e o of a b ginning in p try, a c ll cti n his e arlier verse s was printe d in 1 8 6 2 in London .

Te n years late r an other instalm e nt of occa sional e e e d e d pi c s was issu at Ath ns, inclu ing translations into m od ern Greek of the Sixth viii P REFA C E.

o of th d e the e e e o f B ok e O yss y, Gard n Sc n

’ oe e Faust an d o o de G th s , a hum r us tira ,

” “ e e ntitle d The Gree ks of Old. This latt r p oem was translat ed into German by A .

’ ’ ’ Ellissen (Magazi ne f ur aze aes

’

A uslanaes . . , vol lxv ) But this innate tende ncy towards p oetic pursuits in n o way impeded the developm ent f o more s olid scholarly qualities .

In issuing a Gre e k translation of M .

' ’ ‘ Egger s e ssay 0 72 flze L anguage and Nazzon

’ alzf o Me Modem G reeks o do y f (L n n ,

Bik elas set o o o t o the M . f rth his pini ns as vexe d and still unsolve d qu estion of style and d egree of purity to be aimed at in the writte n

An d 1 8 1 language of tod ay. in 7 he pub lishe d a lecture on M e diaeval and Rece nt Greek Literature which he had delivere d at the e e e o H ll nic Coll ge in L ndon .

To the pursuit of such re s e arche s he n ow applied himself with incre asing p erseve ranc e ; and e e h two y ars lat r, while still in t e prim e R EFA E P C . ix

f e h e e e d — for o lif , was nabl happily Greek

— ” literature n o le ss than for hims elf to realis e

d re an d o his esi ultimate aim in this dire cti n .

A do e e o i he had ban ning comm rc , fr m wh ch d erive d such b e nefits of indep ende nce an d c omfort as can alon e re nder that vocation

e t o m en of e e he re attractiv high r cultur ,

e d ee e and e de d turn to Gr c , has sinc vote

e e e t o e e hims lf xclusiv ly lit ratur .

In 1 8 7 4 h e publish e d a sh ort but ve ry re

markable e ssay on the political status of th e

Gre eks of Byzantium an d th eir influ e nce on

d ae e o e e . o m i val cultur in Eur p This w rk, the sub st ance of which was first d elivere d in

three l e cture s to the Gree k Syllogos at Mar

e e ed o de e e s ill s , attract c nsi rabl att ntion both

the o e in France an d Ge rmany. In f rm r

country it was at onc e translate d by M.

e e r d Z es 0 7 6 65 an Mo en A e Emil L g an ( y g ,

’ ' Etude fizsi erz ue o e e and g ; Paris, Mais nn uv ) , in i 8 7 8 a German translation app e are d from

the e n o f e o e me t p Prof ss r Wagn r, which R F P E A C E.

with high praise from Professor F . Hirsch

' ’ ’ ’ in the M fl/zezlangm am aer fizsferzlvefzen

' l zli eraz‘zer

the But most important, thus far, and for

h e e Englishmen perhaps t e most int r sting,

od of our are e pr uction author, his m trical f f ’ translations o several o Shakesp eare s plays . In this he has displaye d consummate skill in ersification e e and of v , gr at r source maste ry

e e languag , a most intimat acquaintance with the e of the e d and intricaci s gr at ramatist, a th orough appreciation of the b eautie s and

e e d t o e e subtl ti s of his i iom, which a Gr k translator often presents difficultie s almost “ ” “ ” o and e e o e e . o e insup rabl R m Juli t, Oth ll , “ ” and King Le ar were published at Athe ns

o do o e an d (L n n, Williams and N rgat ), a “ ” o d e o e sec n volum , c ntaining Haml t and “ ” e o ed Macb th, is ann unc . The continued succe ss whi ch the previous attempts of our author met with has b e e n sur

th o o us o e passed by e w rk b ef re , p ss ssing as F i P R E A C E. x

it doe s the additional merit of complete

originality . The short intimation pre fatory t o the

e be o de e d o first chapt r may, in fact, c nsi r nly

’ o e d e e as a n v list s evice. It is tru in substanc

h of but the MS . n ote s le ft by t e prototype

' L e ah s L aras w ere of the most e le m entary

an d e re de an d o has m ag scription , our auth r cre ate d b oth the simpl e but intere sting plot

e the o and o f the which xists in w rk, m st o f th persons o e story . N e verthele ss he has succ eede d in disapp ear ing so completely b e hind the impersonati on of

e o who de e e d so e an d his h r , is lin at in artl ss

et V d e the d y so ivi a mann r, that timi , awk

d an d o e - e t e war , not v r winning, y sympath tic

and e L oukis e d the e de talkativ , misl a s r a r into the b elie f that he is actually liste ning to

the f h l simpl e narrative o t e o d m erchant .

The grace an d the free flow of the style — render it e ve n for th o s e who may diffe r on — particular points a model of what may be / xii A P R EF C E.

considered the unaffe cte d and n ormal condi

o of th f - a An d e e o e ti n e Gre e k o to d y. th r f r the S yllogos for the Propagation of Gre e k Literature have adopte d L ouki s Laras as a

e d - o r a ing b ok in the ir schools.

Ye t the d e lin e ation of charact er is life

e the de o d and the o lik , scripti ns vivi , wh le W e conomy of the work skilful . e cann ot

e of o for d sp ak its pl t, it has har ly any. But

the o e on e st ry, which is substantially a tru , is

a L uki dramatic nd stirring. o s Laras live s in

the most e ve ntful p eriod of m odern Gre e k

o the of e o an d al hist ry War Lib rati n ; ,

o o e e an d th ugh , b th by t mp ram e nt circum

e he e de d o stanc s, is pr clu fr m taking an active

part in the life - and -death struggle in which the ee o e e ed he Gr k nati n was th n ngag , is a

e e e e e and suff r r from its cons qu nc s, a faithful narrator of the h eroic d e e ds and the martyr d om of o e His e his c untrym n . is c rtainly not the o e of e e n bl st charact rs, but p rhaps on that account he s erve s the b e tter to F P R E A C E. xiii demonstrate the h eroism of those around

Those who are unacquainted with the

ee r o e f works, not of Gr k histo ians al n , but o

e e o d G ervinus Blaqui r , Finlay, G r on, , and

e e d e e the e H rtzb rg, can har ly r alis sup rhuman e fforts an d sacrifice s with which the Gre eks achie ve d eve n th e little th e y n ow poss e ss ; th e y can hardly c onceive what rivers of bloo d an d what myriads of victims Turkish fe rocity

— e d e o an then still unimpair by xhausti n , d — unre strained by Europ ean interference ex t ort e d the e of e o as pric that small conc ssi n . It is ne ce ssary to address this re minde r t o those re aders of the following page s who may fe el inclined to tax our auth or with

H d d e d o . e e e e e xaggerati n has rr , in , but ,

to e e he as it was natural xp ct from him , has h erred on t e side of moderation .

o the o e o His w rk is , on wh l , scrupul usly

Y be tru e t o historic facts . e t it can hardly

e called an historical romance . It is rath r a xiv P REFA E C . graphic narrative of individual exp erie nce s d e of e o o uring tim s gr at national c nvulsi ns,

' very much akin to the Romans Natzenanx of

Erckmann- hatrian C .

be o fe e It may not amiss to f r, at this stag of our e e o o f r marks, a v ry succinct acc unt

— r W N e ohe lle nic romance w iting . e cann ot re fer th e re ad e r to any safe guide on this

o The e e or of p int . lat st att mpt at a hist y

e e e— of mod rn Gree k lit ratur that M . Ran

ee e and n gabis, now Gr k Envoy at B rlin, o e of the m ost brilliant po ets and auth ors the — last generation has produce d can hardly be

de ed e e and e e e consi r a r liabl sci ntific tr atis . The author himse lf acknowledge s in his pre face that he comp ose d it hastily and

o o e o from undige sted n te s . An th r w rk in

e e e G rman, by H rr Nicolay, is not mor than

o The (70a d a rathe r incohe rent catal gu e . e

’ ‘ ‘ t az e c ue Moderne e e L z zer nr Gre q (G n ve,

’ o Neroulos o e e e by Riz , th ugh xc ll nt as far as

’ idel s e out d e . . G two it go s, is of at And M P REFA C E. xv

’ ‘ masterly serie s of Etudes sur la L zzlerafure

rec ue Moderne a 1 8 6 6 the G q (P ris , and

’ ourone e en 1 8 6 form e r of which was C 4, par

’ l Acad emie d es Inscription e s et Belle s L et

” tre s refer e ed ae ee e e . , rath r to m i val Gr k lit ratur

An acceptable account of what has since b e en

accomplish e d still remains a de sideratum 3

e e fe w o e we and in compiling th s n t s, thought we could do no b ette r than follow the lin es

so ably trace d out by the late Professor

William Wagn e r. It was but natural that the eve nts of the Revolution sh ould have served as the them e of

o e e ode ee alm st e v ry succ ssful m rn Gr k novel.

That e poch is the one which offe rs an inex haustible store of thrilling e pisodes ; which has left the most vivid and lasting impre ssions

on the d the e an min of p opl e, d which has fuse d and reformed national life and char

e act r .

is e Still, it not possibl to cite much in this branch of Neohellenic literature ; nor xvi REFA E P C .

to be e e ed e - was it xp ct that nov l writing, which is in all countri e s the luxuriant an d

e d e ffiorescence of e e and sup rabun ant l tt rs, which pre suppose s a large and we althy circle of e de o d e e e ded e e r a rs, sh ul hav pr c in Gr ce the appearance of othe r forms of lite rature of a m ore substantial characte r and a m ore h e e e d . T e e of the e pr ssing n lov b autiful,

’ for e e o e and for the e b auty s sak al n , pl asure

o e o be d e e e d it pr cur s, can nly v lop by slow d e e and the e e e of e egr s by pr val nc ase.

oe e o e e P tic narrativ , h w v r, sprang up at a ve ry e arly stage o f mode rn Gree k literature some of the e arliest national s ongs still in the of the eo e d mouths p pl , ating as far back as immediately after the fall of C onstanti

n0 le A D . 1 And e e the p ( . 45 sinc th n, whol e life an d vigour of the nation has b ee n refle cted an d nurtured by those grand and

o o the e of th truly e pic s ngs, which f rm t xt e

o of Fauriel e Tomaseo and w rks , Marc llus , , w Passo . REFA vii P C E. x

But artistic prose and fiction writing has hardly yet b e e n fully deve loped in Modern

e b Greece . Thos who may e said to have really introduced it amongst us are the

e A e de and Pana iotis S outzos broth rs l xan r g , who flourish e d d uring the disturb e d time s

ed e o o n the e o o imm iat ly f ll wi g R v luti n .

The d e o of the of the e ir cti n affairs Stat ,

the d e of o n o and gui anc public pi i n, such as

e e ed e e e t o the o th n xist , n c ssarily f ll alm st e e e e not of ed e e xclusiv k ping, train stat sm n , but of these few me n who had attain e d t o s ome literary e min e nce ; an d the two

o e S outzos e n e d e d re br th rs , b i g n ow with

e oe e o d n ot e e markabl p tic tal nts , c ul h lp b ing

o e e . e e e x p liticians rath r than po ts Th r ists,

e e o e e of e o e or e e th r f r , littl th ir pr s v rs which do e s not aim directly at som e p olitical obj e ct .

Alexander S outzos e spe cially was a man of

e e o e and e e rar g nius as a p t, his v rs s, not withstanding their irrede e mably factious t e n denc e n t o da the o t e y, r mai this y m s fr sh b REF E xviii P A C .

and stirring of Neohellenic m etrical writings .

e of e and He was a mast r languag , his satiri cal acum e n was the most dre aded p olitical

weap on of those days . It was in such a spirit an d with similar obj ects that he conceive d The Exile of 1 8 3 1 (publishe d which is more of a

e of p olitical ssay than a pure work fiction . The author appare ntly was n ot concern e d with the characters which he presented to

the e de ed e t o o e r a r, but us th m simply c nv y

n h his ow p olitical the ories . T e hero is well

e e e the e e d lin at d ; but Aspasia, h roin , is a

e e e and d oe not of w ak cr atur , s occupy much

’ the reade r s attention .

“ Similar in tend ency is the Le andros

1 8 of the e de o e Pana iotis who ( 3 4) l r br th r g , ,

o e e do ed the o o o and e d h w v r, a pt m n ton us t i ous o of e e e f rm pistolary narrativ , in clos imi tation of We rth er and the Letters of Jacob o

e d e ed e Ortis . L an ros is discont nt with hims lf and the circumstances of his country ; nor

EF E xx P R A C .

The author who has since followe d close st

e e Ran abis o e upon th ir trac s is M . g , wh s pro lific pen has give n us a considerable num

the ber of more or le ss short narrative s . In

ri n o Me Morea the of P ce f , most important

h e an d e and t e m both in substanc l ngth , which has b e e n translate d into German by

Ellissen he e e , has laid his rath r intricat plot in a most intere sting e poch of Gre e k

e d ae the d e he m i val history, but scription give s of the condition of the Gre eks of the M ore a during the thirtee nth ce ntury is more

an o vivid d p etic than historically accurate . He has tre ate d of m ore m ode rn time s in his [Voi aey and the Excursi on to Poms and in both th e se tale s his picture s of Gre e k life of about thirty or forty ye ars ago are accurate

n h a d pleasing . In his othe r tale s e has bor

o o o r wed subj ects fr m f reign prototyp e s .

’ Ran abis e o M . g styl is flowing, th ugh much given to the reproduction of Galli cisms ee o he ood in Gr k w rds . But is a g REF xxi P A C E.

er e of an n obs v r his p eople, d his vivacity a d intimate kn owle dge of all the artifices of

o o e e e the e e auth rship , ft n mak us forg t inh r nt

shallown e ss of his work .

’ Pal l o o th Pai nter . aeo o s e e M G . g nly nov l, ,

e e de e the de is lif lik in its scriptions, abl in f e o o e e e . lin ati n charact r, and pur in styl

The e of Ram hos and e e tal s M . p , sp cially

' ’ Halet E enai o e his fi , transport us . t a pur ly

d e ar o e o . e e East rn w rl Th y ft n humorous, and always skilful and true to nature in the

scen es th ey de scrib e.

’ mb llas e Helena o M . A e patriotic nov l f

’

Al i/ems and . Salabandas e , M historical nov l

on o o be e ed . S uli , may als m ntion

e e o e de Anoth e r Greek g ntl man , l ng r si nt

X e o o ed d . e in Englan , M St phanos n s, has pr v

himself n o le ss prolific with the pen than

T/ze D evil i n Turke active in comme rce. y (1 8 51 ) he tran slat ed hims elf into English ; and his Heroi ne of til e Greek Revol ufi on

o d 1 8 6 1 of o e e (L n on , ) is a work c nsid rabl xxii P REFA C E.

e ed m rit. Though at time s confus and not

e e od c d e v ry m th i al, his writings isplay tal nt and e o d e e e gr at vivacity, ab un in xciting sc n s; and contain som e e xcellent passage s. Very differe nt from all its predecessors is

' ’ i fi s a The Po es o nna. . d o e M Ro is w rk , p j subj ect is undoubte dly one which pre s ents

e d f of e and the gr at i ficulti es tre atm nt , author has not always b e e n able to avoid what may

be o d d o o c nside re as anger us gr und . But the work itself displays considerable ability ; while the historical pre face is an e vide nce of

d ee f h p study o t e tim e s to which it re fe rs.

The style is flue nt an d agreeable ; and a Fre nch translation followe d soon after the

of the ee e publication Gr k t xt, which has also

ee d o b n translate int German by H e rr W.

e e F st (L ipzig, Although le ss pre tentious than any of the

e and o e we e ed L oukis tal s n v ls hav quot , L aras is more remarkable than its prede

cessors on o we e th many gr unds , as b lieve e P REFA C E. xxiii

foregoing re marks will have shown . It marks a fresh and more h e althy d eparture in m odern

The e e d Gre e k Literature . matt r compr sse within its t wo hundre d page s contains sub

stance suffi cient t o make up the regulation

- thre e volum e novel . Much cre ative powe r has b e e n displaye d in the m oulding of the very m eagre facts which have s e rve d as the

f th n o e . e e e de basis work Its s ntim t is t n r,

of o o An without lack a str ng imaginati n . d

the underlying sens e of qui et humour is no le ss pleasing than the abse nce of any political h v . e e of t e ca il Finally, as a sp cim n actual

e e o e e o e e e and Gr k pr s styl , it is m r v n pe rfe ct

o than anything pr duced of late years . W e do n ot pret end t o have succee de d in rendering sufficient justic e t o the elegance of the Gre e k original by a translation under taken amidst many other pre ssing occupa

ee and b tions . Gr k English cannot easily e

e de e d the one e o th e r n r , languag int e oth r ; and some of our shortcomings may be the E P REFA C . re sult of a de sire to reproduce the shades of the original so accurat ely as t o re nde r it

e the e of availabl , with h lp this translation , as a text -book for th ose who wish t o give some attention to the mode rn form of the Greek language .

o e e ee dde d e Some n t s hav b n a , xplanatory

f o the e o o allusi ns in t xt, which would the r wise have remain ed uninte lligible to the

W o o English re ader . e have f ll we d in this re spe ct the e xample of the German and

e o t o the e of Fr nch translati ns, latt r which the author himself supplie d the se elucida

o e o e e e e ti ns . But many fr sh n t s hav now b n dd d a e .

AL L MAL L P ,

D eeernoer 1 880 . L OU K I S L A R A S .

TH OS E of our countrymen who have resided in England will e asily re cognis e the old Chiote

who e e o e e d merchant, is h r c nc al under the nam e of L oukis Laras . Ofte n have I h e ard him relate the vicissitude s of his e arly ye ars

e and it was at my sugg stion that, towards the o e of e he de o cl s his lif , un rt ok to write f h e . e ew e his m moirs Wh n , a y ars ago, e

e e e d died , his manuscript not s w r foun

e e amongst his pap rs und r cover, addresse d to me e now . In publishing th m , I wish the y may be read by oth e rs with as gre at an intere st and pleasure as I e xperi e nce d whe never I listened to the narration of the ol d gentleman . I N the e arly part of the year 1 8 2 1 I reside d

e e e e at Smyrna . I was th n n arly tw nty y ars of age ; and seve n years had already e laps ed

e P — God since my mast r, Pappa loutis may have m ercy on his soul - assured my father that I th e n kne w quite as much as was ne ce ssary for a man de stin ed to a busine ss

ee e e e e car r . My fath r, ith r convinc d by what the d old o e goo monk t ld him, or, p rhaps , b ecause he considered the training of a prae

e o e e to me did tical lif m r us ful , not think fit

o d e d e that I sh ul continu my stu i s at Chio, but too k me t o his house of busin e ss at

n Smyrna, first as an apprenticed cl erk, a d

er d shortly aft war s as a partner.

e e on and th Tim w nt , e Almighty blesse d our labours . Our balance grew larger on

L O K I 4 U S LA R A S .

It was there fore d e cide d that in the

o d o ee d ao autumn I sh ul pr c to England , f companie d by a maternal uncle o min e .

nd eed had e e o I , I b gun l arning English fr m — a clergyman a kind of Pappa Ploutis

ho o e did n ot ee d to w , h wev r, succ in imparting h me much of that language . But perhaps t e

n L e t m fault did n ot rest e tirely with him . e not inve igh against the m emory of my earlie st teach ers.

e and e My fath r I , as in fact all our r lations and e d e e de o e d e fri n s at Smyrna, w r v t h art h and o ur e . t e e ae s ul to o busin ss Of H t ria, or of e e d e o we e a proj ct insurr cti n , kn w

o . e o n thing It is true that w , in c mmon

th e of e e with all e Gr e ks that time, exp ri nce d

e o e e W a vagu l nging aft r lib rty. e saw around us at Smyrna the subj ects of Euro

e e o d e e d e e and p an Stat s h l th ir h a s r ct, it was with a fe eling of latent bitterne ss that we almost e nvie d the free dom which the o o f W e the r nati ns o Christe ndom e nj oyed . had som e dim notions of the e ve nts of the

e e we e e Fr nch R volution , and e v n cherish d L K OU I S L A R A S . 5

e ed o e of o e o an und fin h p nati nal r storati n , bas ed principally on the exp e ctation of h elp from the North ; and on great fe stivals we also sung at our family gath erings the s ongs

hi w e for of R gas. But e n ver dreamt a mome nt that we we re o n the eve of a

o nati nal uprising . W e passe d our un eventful e xistence in the da our o e o khan , busy by y with m tl y st ck of ood and g s, at night shut up in our small

oo o e the e o e e e e r m , v r war h us , wh r my fath r

d we e e and I slept . On Sun ays w nt r gularly t o the the of Photini liturgy in Church Saint , and o e e our we e s m tim s, on way back, call d on the Chiot e familie s th e n re sid ent at

e — o e o r e Smyrna. Rar ly perhaps nc twic in

the e the e o d — we y ar, during East r h li ays ve nture d on s om e e xcursion as far as the

o d e : and e e the e surr un ing villag s th r , in fr sh

e of the o the e d and n ss c untry air, in fi l s

e d ee we of o and und r sha y tr s , thought Chi , of our towe r and our own garden and the s eparation from our h om e th e n s eem ed to us

o e m r hard to b e ar. 6 L O U K I S LA R A S .

one da e eded o e and Thus y succ an th r,

o time rolled on . But my main th ught was still the proj e cted voyage t o England it had become my constant dre am ; an d a golde n f h d e e e e e o t e d . r am it was, in v ry s ns wor

de o e e o and Sud nly, h w v r, b th tranquillity busi

o o e and d e s e e n e ss , b th pr j cts r am , w r all at

onc e ove rturne d.

On e i the e n ght, in b ginning of March, I ha awoke startle d with fear. I d h eard in

of my sle ep repe at ed firing guns. I sat up

be d e e on in my , with ars int nt catching

d and e e n e very soun , with y s stari g in the

e e e . darkne ss . My fath r was fast asl p Was I dreaming ? No ! The firing re

e e d and the me e comm nc , at sa tim wild

e ed the e e an d cri s fill air . I awok my fath r,

o th we b oth liste n ed. All thr ugh e night the firing and the tumult continu ed at inte rvals

we o d ha but c ul not imagine what d occurred . And how were we to know ? Curiosity

o e d to e e e ot he pr mpt us v ntur out, but f ar g t

e e of and e o b tt r us k pt us shut up in our ro m . At dawn we went down stairs into the R L O U I S L A R A S .

e the k and e e w squar of han , th r e found

e ed e of our e o th gath r oth rs n ighb urs , all in e

e e of e i de e an d i e sam stat b w l rm nt anx ty. The khans are generally built like small

the de fortresse s. On outsi ris e high and

d e o o e soli walls , ncl sing an p n courtyard, s or the e ma b an n quare oblong, as cas y e, d o this ce ntral court op e n the doors an d win dows of the warehouse s and apartm ents

o o th u built around. C mmunicati n with e o t

de d e si worl is k pt up through an iron gate , which is close d at night.

the o the When , in m rning, watchman

e we e e op ened this gat , w r informed that the previous e ve ning orders had arrive d

th e bidding e Turks arm thems elve s . H nce th e ir war- crie s and the firing during the

for night. But arm , what purpos e ? What danger prompte d this orde r ? W e inquire d of e th thos who came to us in e Khan , but

n we could get no pre cise answer . O e said the Janissarie s had revolte d ; another that war with Russia had broke n out ; some whispere d that the Christians had risen . 8 L OU K I S L A R A S .

ed So pass that day. It was a Saturday .

W had n ot e de the e gon outsi khan , but from the gate we could se e the Turks walking

an d d the ee e d to the ee up own str ts, arm t th ,

and oo e e e l king v ry fi rc .

o we e to N ext m rning w nt as usual Church .

d e e be n o e o On that Sun ay th r was to s rm n, so that the congre gation were surprised t o

h n see the e t . ot pri st mount e pulpit It was ,

o e e de to e the d of G od h w v r, in or r pr ach wor , but in order t o re ad a Patriarchal excom

u ic i n W e e e d e o m n at o . all list n in stup facti n t o the re cital of those terrible male dictions

W e e d th and fearful anathe mas . h ar e nam e s of S outzos e o ed as of me n Ypsilanti and m nti n , guilty of treason and we gathere d that all this related to insurrectionary m ovements in

or o e e e o Walachia, to s m s cr t c nspiracy.

W e o ed e o e ed : e l ok at ach th r amaz whisp rs ,

e and o - e o o ed the inquiri s , cr ss qu sti ns s on fill

the e of insur church . What was m aning this rection which was thus anathe matise d What was its origin ? W e only kn e w for certain

e d o o that Ypsilanti h l a high p siti n in Russia, L O K I U S LA R A S . 9 and we som ehow inferred that the movement

e e and th originat d in that quart r, that it was e

e de to - pr lu a Russo Turkish war. But all th ese conj e cture s passe d through our minds — in a very vagu e an d confused form much

re n ow de e mo so than I can scrib . The Turks at Smyrna were thems elve s

the d had o e d still in ark as to what ccurr , n or had th ey quite realise d the fact that the rayahs had ris e n spontan e ously and unaided . Th e y thought that the danger cam e from the f h de o . e t e e e si Russia Non l ss , th ir fana ticism was arouse d instantly on the first

e o the infidels r p rts . War against was immi n e nt : cons equently e ve ry Christian was an e e r e d n my, and e ve y rayah a victim r a y to

d oo e d e lan . Things therefore l k v ry black for o the e da and our d us fr m v ry first y, min s we re weigh e d d own with anxie ty and fear.

e e d : x e e e e d Th s wor s an i ty, f ar, hav alr a y

n m ore than once e scap ed my pe . But why sh ould I try to display a courage which we n either felt n or could have p osse sse d D o

e od e e e o e not smil , my go r ad r, r c ll cting I am 10 L U K I O S LA R A S .

hi te an o a C o , d d not attribute my timidity to a temperament commonly impute d to my

o d t o compatriots . I sh ul like have seen you

e e e e e ou th n in my plac , how v r brav y may

o e ! U e d de e e e un fancy y urs lf narm , f nc l ss ,

o e ed e d d e de ex pr t ct , cow own with s rvitu , pos ed to the violence or the sword of the first

o e e e e e e ffled Turk wh s t mp r might hav b n ru , with no h ope of justice or eve n of revenge

d we the de of the how coul , insignificant tra rs

how d we e e khan at Smyrna, coul b imbu d with any fe elings of courage ? In what stead would courage have stood us ? W e had o e e and we ee ded nly pati nc , much n it, for our life from this time b ecame a protracted

o d . e e agony, a continu us martyr om But v n patience has its limits ; and whe n it is e x hausted e e e e , th r sets in either compl t pro stration or e d , that kind of despair which l a s on to e o e de o h r ism . Many h roic inci nts, b th d the e e e o e uring Gr k r voluti n , and at oth r

e the of e e e tim s in history man, w r p rhaps but the result of such de spair ! God pre

d m e o serve e from complet pr stration, and

1 2 L OU K I S LA R A S .

e e e o e e d shops w r gradually b ing p n , and those who had th e re found she lte r b egan t o take heart and make the ir appe arance ; so

e o ed o o t o that at l ngth , c mmunicat fr m m uth

o the e e of the e de m uth , tru caus scar was ma

o A e de e o o kn wn . cam l, la n with bal s of c tt n ,

e d oo an d the o miss its f ting, falling in narr w

e e of the o e the doo of str t bazaar, br k r a

Th of h e d oo the o . e o e t e e d sh p n is shatt r r,

o of the d e and of the e de sh uts riv rs, J ws insi th o th o d e e d o d e sh p , e cr w which gath r ar un — the prostrate cam el this turm oil was at once

e e e d the e o misint rpr t as b ginning of a ri t , and the atte ndant confusion re sulte d in a

an d panic a ge ne ral stampe d e . When the n e ce ssary predisposition e xists

’ e d d oe not e t o in m n s min s , it s tak much

e e i and o e e e cr at a panic , unf rtunat ly, th r were but strong reasons for such a pre dis

Th f the position . e excite me nt o Turks

e ed d e incr as aily. It was kn own that th y

e d e an d h l nightly m e etings in th e ir quart r, thre ats had b e e n h eard of an impe nding

th et attack on e Christians. But as y I was L K I O U S L A R A S . 1 3 n ot o ed of so n inf rm all this, that I was ot

e e d e e o o on da pr par for fr sh m ti ns that y. I there fore took l eave of my Hebre w

e d . o de d d e o e e fri n s I f l my r ss v r my ch st, for b e tter security of the bag I had place d

e e o on in my pock t, and I salli d f rth my way ha h home. I d hardly turned into t e main

e e e e d o an str t wh n I again h ar sh uts d ye lls, and b e fore I had time t o stand aside an d

find e e o de d sh lt r, I was surr un by Turks, who d d e d on e e de , swor in han , swarm v ry si , H w an d rushe d on furiously. o I e scape d

e d d e oo e did n t b eing trampl un r f t, how th y o

me o e e d da kill , I cannot c mpr h n to this y.

h e e me o and T e curr nt sw pt al ng, I ran with

d on one d fist e . e e e th m I gath r kicks si , cuffs on the other ; but I ran on se nse le ss

e o e e e e e with f ar, kn wing n ith r wh r I w nt nor

e of m did e e what would be com e . I not v n

The e conside r this . whol thing was like a

e th of fe arful dream. I knew w ll e stre ets

o d n ot e d Smyrna, but I c ul th n istinguish

we e e d now which streets trav rs , nor can I

o e e rem emb er . I nly r coll ct that at a turn 1 L K I S 4 OU LA R A S .

of the o e the d of our road I saw, opp sit , oor

and e ed Khan , I r cognis it . It was half shut ;

’ d ot de it —in I on t know how I g insi , my — o e e . ro m , n ar my fath r

All this remains confused in my me mory. But whe n I op en ed my e ye s I found mys elf

bed an d stre tched on my , panting my fath e r stood b ent over me and bath e d my h e ad

e e e e with cold water . I r m mber f ling a

e e and e o gr at weight on my ch st, th n nly I thought of the bag ; and laying my hand in

off m my b osom I lifte d it e . ’ I cann ot forge t my father s smile whe n I

th e e e ed handed t o him e bag. I th n int rpr t it as a mark of satisfaction at the safety of h t e e . e be mon y But wh n I , in my turn,

e e e de od e cam a fath r, th n I un rsto its tru “ o e t o me now? significance . What is m n y , ” of ee o e e d ! It is th , my son , I am c nc rn

the e of For Such was m aning that smile .

me h m my father loved ; e love d e dearly. He neve r told me so ; nor did he sh ow his affe ction by dem onstrations of e ffusive ten

de e . o e he d ed and he rn ss It was nly wh n i , K I L O U S L A R A S . 1 5

me e o e was no longer near , that on r c ll cting our vicissitude s and the various incide nts of the life we passed together during many

e o e e e ed and y ars , it was nly th n I compr h nd fully appreciate d the degree of his affection m for e . Why is this so ? Is it b ecause we must lose some thing in order t o kn ow all it is worth ? Or becaus e later misfortun e s an d sufferings had e nlighten ed my mind and had made my heart grow larger

o e e e e But th s Turks , what w r th y bent

e n e d e e e up on ? As I l ar t aft rwar s, th y w r going to the Frankish quarter of the town

o de o e who e d e with f ul signs upon th s liv th re . Fortunately the Pacha succeede d in pacify

e and e e o to e ing th m, th r was n thing lam nt

The e of e had that day. actual r ign t rror

s not yet et in .

e e e e the de N v rth l ss, that tumult, first mon

stration of ed arm Turks against Christians , my

' o e o of e d e r maine d im first c nc pti n r al ang r, e

e ed on e o e d e pr ss my m mory m r vivi ly, p rhaps,

than anything I saw or suffere d subseque ntly . 1 6 L OU K I S LA R A S .

From that day the Turks b ecam e more

ha n e e . ood d ot et ee e d aggr ssiv Bl y b n sh ,

the the e the o but insults , thr ats, angry l oks, the o e o d of e e st ntati us isplay arms , w r all

o of th terrible pre moniti ns e coming storm. The state of things b ecame more grave as the insurre ction spread . Each shout for free dom on the part of the Gree ks was answere d by a fre sh outburst of Turkish

e e e n fanaticism, until at l ngth th r was an e d t o and the de d all constraint Turks, mad ne

e e ed and ed with fr nzy, butch r pillag and h made slave s by t e thousand . News did n ot re ach us e ither regularly or accurately ; but som ehow the e cho of thos e first throbs of national re surrection pene

h o trate d into t e se clusi n of our khan . Thus we learnt what had occurred in Walachia

e d one da the o e h thus we h ar , y, that M r a ad

e o the risen in insurr cti n , that Archbishop of Patrae an d the primate s of the Pe loponn e sus had placed th emselve s at the he ad of the move m e nt and at the sam e tim e the rumour we nt

S etz round that Hydra and p ae had revolted . L K I 1 O U S LA R A S . 7

When my mind reverts to that glorious

e o e the de an d past, wh n I think v r inci nts

o own e o e in quire int my impr ssi ns at that tim ,

n e e e e so to a d I examin th m as a r fl x, say,

of th ee of o e o e e public f ling th s days, I ft n

om to o the t c e this conclusi n , that par icipa tion of our naval islands in the national struggle at its very comm encement contri bute d to stre ngthe n and propagate the insurre ction perhaps m ore than most men

w o e e can no c nc iv .

n not so A d this I say, much with reference t o the very important material support which the Greek navy afforded to the nation nor with reference to the magnificent achieve ments which won for the Gree k name a f o o r 0 . e fre sh cr wn immortal glo y. N Th se things we witnessed and understood later

o the e we who e d on . But fr m v ry first , liv at a distance from the ce ntre of national

e we e d th uphe aval , wh n h ar that e marin ers of d S etzae and had e Hy ra, p , Psara, unfurl d th e of e we e se d o e d flag lib rty, r ali m r vivi ly

the e Th what was obj ct in view. e captains 1 L U K I S 8 O LA R A S . of o e e e e v e so th se islands r pr s nt d , in a isibl , t o e e the say, and tangibl mann r, national and panhe llenic characte r of the revolution .

r f o Fo many o them were kn wn to us, many were considere d as fri ends th e ir nam e s and th eir faces Were familiar in e very harbour,

i ee e e in e very b azaar, in wh ch Gr ks w r

e d S o e we e d e stablish . that wh n h ar that

m n e our e d the se e , our acquaintanc s, fri n s,

for e d were fighting faith and fath rlan , and

r i had sworn e ither to win the ir freedom o d e, we were all e lectrified m ore pote ntly than when we first learnt of the attempt of Ypsi

or e e the the e lantis, v n of rising in Mor a I refer t o the e arly commencement of the

e and t o e . te struggl , our first impr ssions La r on othe r causes made us fe el h ow indis soluble were the ties which b ound us to t he

The e d insurge nts. Turks, by th ir in is

e e e e o and criminat massacr s, th ir d vastati ns , the e ve e of e e e men of o e nsla m nt p ac abl , w m n

n t d f the a d children, took care o re min us o

o of our e e e e s lidarity race , ve n if w w r dis pose d to forget it.

2 0 L K OU I S LA R A S . and you awoke just in time to listen to the

ou e finish. That is why y perhaps rememb r the beginning only and the end of many a

e o ou o how fairy tal , th ugh y may not kn w the re colle ction of the middle portion has

u o no faile d yo . But my st ry has particular b eginning or e nd of its own ; so that you may fall asleep eve n now : you will n ot

me inte rrupt . The first rumours of the insurrectio n re ach ed us ab out Le nt . What a Le nt that

and e was, what an East r that followed it !

W e e to th o s e w nt r gularly church, e m re o as

e e e it was th r that n ws circulated. They were o e e e d h ften fals , usually xaggerat ; but still t e

we o ed And let n o n only n ews btain . o e imagine that our concern with those eve nts distracte d our attention from the service s of the Church . Far from it ; the religious Th fe e ling was th en strong. e sorrows of our

o e e for e so to nati n b cam us incarnat , say, in

’ e and the e e Christ s suff rings, impr ssiv ritual of the Passion We e k re fle cte d faithfully the

o o of the spiritual c nditi n congregation . K L OU I S LA R A S . 2 1

“ About the mi ddle of that week sinister d rumours were h eard. It was sai that arre sts and confiscation s and massacre s had

e e o o e and tak n plac in C nstantin pl , that many of the notable s of the nati on were

e w b heade d. On Easter Sunday e l e arnt that the gre at Dragoman Mourousis was also

to de an d the e d o f e e put ath, dr a th s suc cessive reports cast a mournful veil over the

e e of the e ch ering Coll cts R surrection . A few days later an appalling pi ec e of news

d o The had e e was sprea ab ut . Patriarch b n hung ! His body had be e n give n over to the Jews t o be insulte d an d outraged Our he arts now sank low and our knee s

F r we e e o e shook under us . o w r v r — powered by a twofold fe eling the horror which the sacrilege committe d on the sacre d

e o of the the e of our p rs n Patriarch, chi f

a o e ed e e n ti n , awak n in v ry Christian , in eve ry Greek ; and the convi ction which

ed e th of n o one of gain str ngth , that e life

the e e us was any longer safe . If v ry Gov rn m ent of the Sultan ventured upon such acts 2 L OU K I S 2 LA R A S .

the and the e and in capital, against chi fs

o e of the e e e n tabl s p opl , what dang r might not we the o e a e e d , w rthl ss rayahs , ppr h n from the unbridle d ferocity of the Turks of

an d e e of e of o ? Smyrna, sp cially thos Anat lia For days past swarms of savage irregulars had already b egun t o colle ct in the vicinity

for o an o f Smyrna . Thirst blo d d booty had brought them together from the depths of

The e e d to h Asia Minor . Pacha app ar ave still s ome concern for the safety of the in

and e i d e o de habitants, k pt his w l b asts utsi th o e o ar e d and e t wn . But th ir pr ximity ous e e d the o who he xcit Smyrni t Turks, thus

o e e o e came daily m r m nacing . Fr m thr ats the y were rapidly passing on to acts of violence ; the ir hand was ofte n laid on the

e and the d e e o e dagg r, agg r l apt fr m its sh ath

e so i n with incr asing facility, that many

o e men e e o d ed and o e n c nt w r w un , s m mur

de e d th e ee of a. r , in str ts Smyrn Yet all this was but a prelude t o the great

The o e e e ed e sacrifice . raving rgi s sup rv n lat r

e e and e e e on, wh n massacr , havoc, slav ry w r K L OU I S L A R A S . 2 3

a n ot o an ramp nt, nly in the streets d the

and the o e s of bazaars , in h us Christians, but under th e ve ry flags of the foreign consul

e e e d E r e at s ; nay, v n on boar u op an ships, wh ence hundreds of fugitive s we re carried a f t away nd put to death . But o th e s e hings

ed e did I was inform subs quently. I not

e e e and do to witn ss th m mys lf, I not wish

e ex e e e writ but of what I saw and p ri nc d .

the e e a had e In m anwhil , m ny b gun to

e the o e e o the s leav c untry, v n fr m fir t days . Almost daily we he ard that s ome on e of our

a e had d ar had acqu intanc s isappe ed. What

e o e of ? Had he e e t o e b c m him b n put d ath , or was he hiding for fear ? At length it was h h fl asce rtained that e ad ed.

Now the e e t e e e an d , xampl of h s fugitiv s ,

he d ead of d e e d on the in t r ang rs , st a ily

e e e no e e e and m cr as , l ft p ac to my fath r y

An e e e d e e e e the s elf. irr pr ssibl sir to l av

a e o o e o of and we pl c to k p ss ssi n us, thought

of how t o how e . nothing but e scap This,

e e e e d o e the v r, b cam aily m r difficult Turk ish authorities no longer allowe d the rayahs 2 4 L OU K I S LA R A S .

n — we d t o l eave . It was eve said but woul — not yet credit it that the consuls had re c eived orde rs t o turn back those who sought

e re fuge on fore ign ships . W e did not belie v

e t e o e e e e e it ; y it was tru . F rtunat ly th r w r consuls and captains still l e ft who had s ome

e e of and who d e e s ns pity, woul not b com

of t o the purveyors victims Turks . Things were in this state whe n Captain H ! l Bisbilis arrived at Smyrna . e was an o d ’ e d of e and d fri n my fath r s, was in comman of oo e i th a sch n r fly ng e Russian flag. No wonder my fathe r breathed fre ely when he

e e th e The d saw him nt r Khan . goo captain

o e o e e e had c m to ff r us sh lt r in his ship, promising t o take us to Chio in three days — immediately after discharging his cargo. “ To ed e con Chio I cri , on my fath r “ fiding to me his intention ; but shall we be ” safe r the re ? “ There at le ast we shall be with your

o W e e e be m ther and sisters . shall ith r s ed or l par with them, else et us all perish ” o t gether. L K I O U S L A R A S . 2 5

W e e e e d for de b gan g tting r a y parture .

we had e e e for e o But n ith r tim pr parati ns, nor did we wish to b etray our proj ect by ill

e e we d d timed bustle . Th refor e ci ed to

do o d the e of God aban n our g o s to m rcy , and our uncolle ct ed cre dits to the good faith — of our debtors provide d th ey themselves sur

o W o e e d vive d th s e trouble s . e nly gath r all th e d o e we o d and on the d e r a y m n y c ul , thir day with heating hearts we awaite d the sun

t we ed our e d the se , as had arrang with fri n captain . THE of the had e d light sun vanish , but dark

e had not et set w n ss y in, when e shut our

e o e e the Th war h us and l ft khan . e gate was still ope n . W e carrie d with us ne ither bag nor parc el of o o d e e W any s rt that c ul xcit suspicion . e had only hidden in our pockets and unde r the folds of our garm ents the few things we

an e NO one might carry safe ly d unobserv d. of our e o e of our e et n ighb urs kn w secr t y , at

o e e e ed t o m e the o e that m m nt , it s m as if wh l

f ee e d t o world was in posse ssion o it. It s m m e the do e and the as if ors , still half Op n ,

i do oo on the o d had e e w n ws l king c urtyar , y s which could pe netrate through our clothe s

o the de of our e and de e e int pths pock ts, p r

o the ve o of our e . still, int ry th ughts h arts

2 L K 8 OU I S LA R A S .

e ed ee o e n ot br ath fr ly . F r ign ships had as

et e e e e d the k de y b n s iz by Tur s ; so that, un r the of the o e Russian flag sch on r, I con i r n s de ed all imm ediate dange r at an e d. I fancie d that once away from Smyrna we e e d e d e an d e scap all suff rings , ang rs , f ars ; and I did n ot the n think o f my first im

e o e to o we pr ssi n , nam ly, that by going Chi were by n o means rid of the Turks . On the o the o e o de e the c ntrary, m r I c nsi r d matter the more convinced I felt that th ere w o d be e an d e The few e w ul qui t saf . Turks in the island had gradually tame d down ;

The in any case they were not num erous . Chiote s were an industrious and p e ace -abid ing p e ople ; and b e ing prosperous and s elf administered,they were the happie st of the

ee e . o e e e e Gr ks at that tim C ns qu ntly, th r

no o e e the insurre c was pr bability, ith r Of

o e d to of the an d ti n spr a ing Chio, or fury fanaticism of the Turks exploding on its

n inhabita ts . I there fore contemplated calmly the pre ’ arai n f r The p t o s o our d eparture. ship s K I 2 L OU S L A R A S . 9

e d the o and anchor alr a y hung by b wsprit, ,

we ot on d the as soon as g boar , boat was

the ed and we e e o hoisted, sails unfurl , w r s on under weigh .

e d . e e That night I sl pt soun ly Ev r sinc ,

the e of M e e e in b ginning arch, I had b n startl d

d fi e e had e o e by that wil ring, my sl p b c m

an d e e d and e the disturb ed int rrupt ; latt rly, increase of inse curity and our plans of e scape

m e an d had e d ke pt e awak , many a night pass

e e o d the ood in sl e pless anxi ty. But on b ar g

e e ship I felt saf . I thought at int rvals of our frustrate d j ourn ey t o England ; I recol

e the e lected that f arful panic in bazaar, wh n

n r de d I ran o involuntarily, sur oun by Turks

e d and e o e I eve n fanci , now th n , I saw b ef r

n the me the patriarch ha ging by halte r. But the se unpleasant visions we re s oon dissipated

th e e of e the o e of by e s ns s curity, by pr sp ct

o e and e and th m eeting my m th r sist rs, by e f swee t reminiscences O my childh ood .

o e ed e an d o e Y uth is naturally h l ss h p ful, and shrinks from dwelling on painful topics . The recollections of Smyrna s oon vanishe d 9 L O U K I S 3 LA R A S .

e e the o o b for glow of comf rting pr spects ,

and e e d e o I slumb r calmly, b ing r cked into sleep by the cade nce d roll of the ship on

the e and the e h r light wav s, by cr aking of e

be tim rs .

e e e on de h Wh n n xt morning I w nt ck , t e

A e d e sun had hardly risen. h a of us w could just make out the island of Chio e nveloped

in a transpare nt morning mist . Far to our

e e e e l ft, my fath r, str tching sil ntly his hand, p ointed out to me a long lin e of sails resting on the o e o e of e o horiz n lik a c v y whit d ve s. — Old Captain Bisbilis I fancy I see him

e o e me wr e n ow— o d the e b f r as I it st o at st rn ,

ed e his two hands curv ov r his brow, survey th ing attentively e distance, as if trying to

o the c unt ships . “ Are th ey coming or going ? asked my fath er.

e are o h Th y going t wards Samos, said t e “ ” God be e ! captain . May with th m ” e ! e ed the Am n answ r my father, and

ol m n th f h two d e made e sign o t e cross . Then for the first time the ide a of the L OU K I S L A R A S . 3 1 e o o the e e of e e r v luti n, s ns national r surr ction , m was revealed to e as a living thing. Those

e d e e e the of the e e ee whit ov s w r ships Gr k fl t .

The fla of the o ed g cr ss wav from the ir masts .

e e e e th ee e a e d Th y sw pt fr e ov r e Gr k s as, m nn

d e e e o e by auntl ss brav marin rs, sh wing th ir

o o to d th flag fr m c ast coast, bi ding e Christ

e e and de e h ians tak h art, hurling fianc at t e

k. e e e ed the o Tur On that flag w r ins rt w rds , ” Fre edom or de ath 1 Wh e n I saw the two Old men so de eply

e m d impresse d, I f lt within e an in escribable

o o the o e d to e e e m ti n , m r har xpr ss as it was

o ed and e e c nfus unc rtain . I f lt as if my chest grew larger and my b ody taller. But it was a mom e ntary and fle e ting s e nsation ; and e w n ow be de scrib , p rhaps , riting , I may

e e e ing rath r what I might hav f lt, than what

an I actually d precisely e xperience d.

A few hours later we lande d at Chio .

e e ed find the e e I xp ct to , as usual , b ach aliv

eo e t o se e e d and e with p pl , fri n s acquaintanc s

the d - e t o the e e we l at lan ing stag , h e ar ch ring come and the good- natured banter which for 2 3 L OU K I S L A R A S .

merly on such occasions use d to go on b etwee n

h the those on shore and us in t e boats . But f cofi - o e h e e the ee h us by t e j tty was mpty,

- de ed the e e de o e . quays sert , mark t plac s lat

e e and e e d the doo Only h r th r , stan ing by rs

of e o o e e an d de e e d th ir sh ps, s m sil nt j ct trade sm en app eared to look at us with

e e and ed we e d amaz m nt, salut us as pass

The of - e d o on . sight that all p rva ing gl om

o ed me e ed to o tr ubl , and I f lt inclin ask th se “ d e d oo e the e ispirit l king shopm n, In nam

of God e , what has com to Chio What has ” e ed ? e e d e happ n But I walk d b hin my fath r, following on his steps it was not my habit

e the e e he e e to tak initiativ wh n was pr s nt . Fortunately he himself could n ot be re

ed o e e e o the strain much l ng r, and nt ring int

of old e h dd e shop an acquaintanc , e a r sse d

o e o to him, with ut any pr fatory e xplanati n as t o our e e the e app aranc , v ry question which had o e t o c m my lips .

e e ou e e to e A pr tty tim y hav chos n r turn ,

e d we th n f h my fri n s ; why, have e e d o t e ” o d e e w rl upon us h r . L O U K I S LA R A S . 3 3

f r l Such were the first words o ou o d frie nd . But this m elancholy rece ption di d not inter fere with his e xpre ssions of sinc ere pl e asure

n He e e d at meeti g my father again . pr vail upon us to sit down he insiste d upon tre at

to e e e e ing us som re fr shm nts, and, whil thus

e e h e ed t o r c iving us hospitably, e r lat us what ha d happ ened . W e th e n learn ed that the fl eet which we

had ee o S o s n that m rning, making for am s ,

had e ed ten d off the o of o r main ays c ast Chi ,

e d Tombazis the e o und r A miral , with int nti n

the of provoking a rising in the island. But

oo the e e had Turks , as s n as Gr k ships

d e e d the an d the appeare , s iz archbishop

e o e e d e primat s , wh m th y still h l as hostag s in

the and the e o not fort , as p asants c uld stir, the fle e t sailed away without effecting any

thing. Our fri end went on to relat e minut ely the trials of those ten days ; he named those — who had bee n s eized as h ostage s all men re sp ect ed and b elove d- and he de scribed with emotion the te rror which the ir arrest D 3 4 L O U K I S L A RA S . h o h For the ad spread all ver t e island . mas

o sacre s at C onstantinople were already kn wn ,

f e ed and the s eizure o hostages was consid r ,

th d to e reasonably e nough, as e prelu e wors

e suff rings . W e n ow unde rstood why the town was de solate and gloomy ; and at the same tim e we concluded Smyrna was not the only dange rous re sidence ; but that wherever arm ed - Turks and e nslave d Christians we re

e o d o e e e e o e to b f un t g th r, th r must als xist

e o on the one d e brutal f r city han , and unc as

n th o ing agony o e th er .

W e haste n e d in silence towards our house. Whe n my fathe r kn ocked at the door a tear trickle d down his face ; but I felt my heart convulse d with a rapturous fl ood of

Old e n e e e d the r mi isc nc s ; and wh n A riana, o d e old e the e e rphan aught r of my nurs , ch r

e of m e d the ful playmat y arly chil hood, — devote d maid of my mother when she o d the e e ed pene door and saw us un xp ct ly,

e o e her sh o d e b f r , e st o aghast with amaz

he on the of m ent and joy. S was point

3 6 L OU K I S LA R A S .

d h r o e e e de and re ste e inc h r nt, t n r words, the te ars of joy with which those words are

oo o e ! how she interrupte d . P r m th r much had still to suffer b e fore closing her e ye s My fath e r wished we should at once go to our t ower in th e country ; but the alderm en

o e of th would not p e rmit this. N n e be tte r

- t th t o do familie s were allowe d o le ave e t own.

The e de o e e e d the Turks , b si s th s th y h l in

e e e d to d fort, wish d to hav us all r a y han

e . e of o e e unde r th ir sword In spit urs lv s,

e e e we e ed o n th r for , r main in t w , trusting that, o n or o e d be e way an th r, things woul not long calming down . No one could th en fore see the long con tinuance of the struggle and I must confe ss that we at Chio had at first no great hop e s of

e e the o we be ultimat succ ss . On c ntrary, saw o th de the i o e f re us e magnitu Of Turk sh p w r, and we judged of it under the influence of old de and de the e o of e o i as , un r impr ssi ns t rr r.

e de the e o e not et dis B si s , r voluti n its lf had y

d on n playe its strength by its victorie s la d,

e e on the e and its achi v ments seas . But ven K L OU I S LA R A S . 3 7

e e the ee e to lat r, wh n Gr k arms b gan triumph , the news of their succe ss did not suffice t o n eutralise the discourage m ent which the d e o d o e d our isast rs ar un us s w in hearts . For e ach h eroic de e d of the insurge nts soon re ce ive d its counte r blow wh erever the Turks

d The of hel sway. first burning a Turkish line o f battle ship was followe d by the wail which

o d o an d the rose fr m Cy nia, frightful mas sacre s of Smyrna : the de fe at of the e ne my at Samos was succe e de d by the bloody orgie s of Cyprus and the storming of Tripolitza was

d the de of answere by vastation Cassandra.

the e e the o and h In m antim , archbish p t e

e e e de e d the o e th primat s w r tain in f rtr ss, e garrison of which was daily recruite d by fre sh

e o e ed th arrivals . Oppr ssi n incr as ; e Turks

e e e e e ye d us savag ly, whil th y ost ntatiously sharpe ned their swords ; and all along the opposite coast of Asia Min or horde s of

e e ed e d to l savage s w r amass , r a y fa l upon

e e the o our unhappy isl . Sur ly atm sphe re around us was n ot calculate d t o raise our

e d e e e l h spirits . Our h a s w r b nt ow b e fore t e 8 L K I 3 OU S L A RA S .

of d e and whirlwind a v rsity, manly hope s

d no foun place in our hearts. ’ — My fath er s only hope the hope not of

off the o e of o shaking y k , but bringing ab ut — conciliation an d compromise was bas ed on

e d help from Christe ndom . But his fri n Zenakis in n o way admitted the probability of M m such help. y he art sank within e

e e d d e o e the e e wh n I h ar him pl r mov m nt, an d e lam nt in advance all its cons e que nce s.

e e d an My fath r s eme unconvince d, d persisted in hop e s but th e n Ze n akis was Vice - Consul — I do not quite reme mb e r of which of the

e o d e — o d not s c n ary Pow rs H llan , if I am mistaken ; so that his words were to me full of e and o w ight auth rity.

’ e Old e d of e and B ing an fri n my fath r s, a

e o he one of the fe w who n ighb ur, was at that time fre qu e nted us. Owing to his

he d e o e Official position , was in aily int rc urs

the o e o and e e the with th r c nsuls , cons qu ntly

- e e o of the o e anti H ll nic p licy P w rs , which

lar o e d the o o of the _ Consu d shap n ti ns . b y at

o e th e e d Chi , was r fle cted in e languag h l by R L O U I S L A R A S . 3 9

o Zenakis. His expre ssi ns were n either e ulo gistic of the pre s ent nor e ncouraging for the f future O the revolution . “ o e ou e e d n ot Eur p , y may r st assur , will ” er e e he e e e d and to int f r , r p at again again my “ o t o do fath er. Kings will have n thing with rebels. “ And will they allow the Sultan to butcher eve ry Gre ek ? cri ed my father. “ L et e t o the and le t th m submit Sultan ,

e d Z nak An the m ask for grace r plie e is. d I fancy I can still hear him wind up with

de o e e e th in ur his usual nunciati n, wh n v r e s “ gents were m e ntioned : The ruin of the ” nation re sts on the ir souls l

S o the e e d summ r pass on, autumn was

o e and . s on ov r, winte r succeeded to autumn

Ten o e we e e d m nths w nt by , during which xist

e e th an th as b twe n e hammer d e anvil, forgetting the sorrows of yesterday in the

e e o of th o o xp ctati n e m rr w.

e de e ou e e ed the e of R a r, hav y v r tri asc nt a high mountain ? You b egin to climb up

a the and with will ascent is a hard task, 49 L OU K I S L A R A S . sweat soon bathe s your brow ; yet the near n e ss of the e nd lighte ns the sense of fatigue .

s th o e ou ou You ee e summit ab v y , and y make for it you approach but a few steps n ! an ou e e c ed . o m ore d y hav r a h it But,

A o e e that was not the t op. pr j cting curv in

e ou The e the mountain d e ce iv d y . tru sum

e The d e mit is a short way high r up. istanc doe s not appear great : forward ! And you

e e e e b egin climbing afr sh , with kn s l ss firm,

o h with quicke r pulsati ns of t e h eart . You e th o see the r ach e sp t, and you summit still

Off o o e are e d ex farth er . Y ur p w rs alr a y hauste d in the struggle t o attain an e nd which m ove s Off gradually as you think you

o e and ou have touche d it . Pr strat panting, y see th d the e and at last e sky b ehin last p ak,

e d o on the o d i n o de t o th n, r pping gr un r r e e ou e on the e e o r gain str ngth, y gaz vall y b l w

ou and ou e the e t o y , y marv l at h ight which

ou y have climb e d. W e Eve n so did those m onths pass on . ascended the mountain ; but from the ve ry

e o th we outs t clouds c vered e summit, which L OU K I S LA R A S . 4 1

i not s An d d ee . d e e we e wh n at l ngth got th re, it was only to fin d a cliff and a precipice at our ee an d e d of e on the e f t inst a r sting h ight , h we were e ngulfed into t e abyss be fore us. S O l ong as the Turks did not massacre

an d did e e of we o d e e d not mak slav s us , c nsi r

e e o e ee o ed ours lv s f rtunat , s ing what ccurr e Th i n h ls ewhere . e women d d ot le ave t e

o e e o e e o de d h us at all, and w urs lv s av i as much as p ossible all contact with the Turks ! we e d e so t o and liv st althily, say, waite d

e e o the pati ntly, but in gr at ag ny, till wrath f th ha o e Lord d passe d away.

e e the o e d o of h How v r, c ntinu dete nti n t e

o e the e d e of th h stag s , st a y incr ase e numbers of the o e th o Asiatic Turks in f rtr ss, e f rcible d e of the the d isarmam nt inhabitants of islan ,

oded no ood t o the all this b g us . Of sur

o d d on the one de and r un ing islan s, Psara si ,

o on the o e e e Sam s th r, w r already free . Atte mpts at insurre ction were made at

e e and the e e Mityl n , Gr k ships, triumphantly

o the e sc uring s as, cruised m ore and more

e e the e fr qu ntly in wat rs of Chio. 2 L O K 4 U I S LA RA S .

One evening Ze nakis mysteri ously brought us the n ews that the Pacha suspected that an

h e attack on t e island was imp e nding. N xt day forty m ore notable s we re invited into the o e and e e de ed so the f rtr ss, th r tain , that

n For numb e r of hostage s was ow doubled . t un at ely my fath er was not of the wealthiest

e o and e e o e not ih citiz ns of Chi , was th r f r

de d the clu in list . A few days later it was whispered that Samiot ships had disembarked on our islands e e e e d th o e missari s, who w r hi ing in e rem t r

e The e e e de o e d villag s . Turks w r vi ntly tr ubl

e o h e and patrols march d thr ugh t e villag s, s ome of the hostage s were se nt to Constanti nO l p e . Things appeared to become menac

and im ing, we foresaw that a crisis was p ending.

Our fe ars were not long in b eing re alise d . Towards the afternoon of the oth of March (1 8 2 2 ) some forty ships made their appe ar

e on the sea o and th anc opp site , e alarm that the insurge nts we re down upon us spread

o e to e o the e e on fr m hous hous . Fr m t rrac

L O K I 44 U S LA R A S .

’ m ore p easants we met spe eding towards it en masse e e d e e e . Th y were unarm , but th y w r to e e h e e e r c ive arms from t e fl eet. Th y w r evide ntly informed of what we had remain e d

o of o e an d o in ign rance . Log th tis B urnias,

the e d ee o d S amiots e e at h a of thr th usan , w r on o d th and e t o e e b ar e ships , cam lib rat

e e o n ot Chio. U nfortunat ly th y br ught us lib erty but devastation .

o e e e e e da and H w v r, th y land d n xt y, with out firing a shot they be came masters of the o o the the o t wn , h ping that Turks in f rt

d oo b o woul s n e c mp elle d to surrende r . During th e se e ve nts we re mained quiet in the Th o f o e country . e b oming o guns al n o n d ed our e e and re ccasio ally isturb qui tn ss, minde d us that we repose d on a volcan o .

Yet the n ot o o and firing was c ntinu us, , as for e w how and for mys lf, I kno not what

e o e e the o o o r as n, but th r , in c untry, I f rg t all

e and e e had be car s fe ars . Was it b caus I come accustomed t o that e xiste nce of c on tinual uneasin e ss ? Was I e mb oldened by the thought that the flag of liberty waved L K I OU S LA R A S . 45 over my country ? Or was it but the vivi fying influ e nce of spring and the myste rious charm of re suscitating nature which p e rvaded me and de me e the o e , thus ma liv as fl w rs an d think as little as the birds Of the air ? I cann ot say ; but as ofte n as I reve rt t o that unfortunately short p eriod of our s oj ourn in our o e t o d no t w r, I can bring back my min

e o n e e n o e e e no t rr rs , no a xi ti s, sl pl ss nights,

l of u f e e o days fu l s f ering. I r m emb r nly th o e ee e o o the e rang tr s whit with bl ss ms, air

e e the of the d and full Of p rfum s , songs bir s, the creaking of the w oode n wh e el ove r our

e o d And well as it w nt sl wly roun . I can e ve n see b e fore me our old garden er hard at

o the e o our o w rk , and vi w fr m balcony ver h the and t e sea e d. plain, b yon That is all I m re me b e r. And yet I was then a young man of one — t e . ow e w e of e e re and w nty N , whil I rit th s

o e o ed e c ll cti ns, I am amaz , and I r volt

e e d e against mys lf, that inst a of taking refug in our tower with my old parents and my

e di e sist rs, I d not haste n to s e ek a plac 46 L O U K I S L A R A S .

under our flag in the struggle ; that I did

n ot e e e e e tak up arms , w r it v n that I might

now and e e fall in battle . But I think f l

e diffe rently. Th n While thus narrating the ups and downs of

owe to ou ood e d e to my life, I it y , my g r a r, make you more familiar with my own humble

e e e o d o e ou s lf. It is n c ssary I sh ul c nf ss to y in all sincerity an d humility why and where fore I was n e ither morally nor physically fit to act th en as I sh ould now e xpect that my child

ren would act under similar circumstance s . This confe ssion will not exalt me in your

e e e o not to e d ou y s , but my int nti n is misl a y ,

' by making myself appear better than I was

r o am now.

d o Th I sai both m rally and physically. e

‘ s ad e od an truth is that I am w akly in b y, d I

e e e ee e t o e the r hav n v r b n abl forg t, in p e

e e of e e men o e the s nc ith r or w m n, smalln e ss

of e e my statur b ing conscious Of it, I lab our constantly unde r the impression that

o e e . e now o th rs also r mark it Ev n , alth ugh

I e nj oy the consideration of my fe llow-coun L O K I U S L A R A S . 47

r men e e e e e e t y , although I oft n pr sid at th ir m t

— e e e o of d ings, p rhaps b caus nly my a vanced a e or e e e d e d g , b caus of th ir kin n ss towar s me — I e e e et the e e , conf ss I can n v r g b tt r of the constraint which the s ense of my diminu tivene ss e e me A nd e b g ts within , aft r all, I

o d e am now in g o h alth ; but, until I gre w

d the r of con up into manhoo , infi mity my sti tution re ndered my b odily appearance still

o . e de o e e m re insignificant B si s , b ys w r not

d e are e e then reare up as th y now . N ith r at school nor afterwards had I any opportunity

e e e for bodily exercis e . Par nts th n kn w little of the ne ce ssity for muscular deve lopment of

e and a e e o . th e ir childr n, c r d l ss ab ut it

e e and e e e Thus, b ing small in statur f bl ,

’ while in Pappa Flouti s school I had become ’ the of e o e butt my schoolf llows j k s, and

e the e d lat r, in khan at Smyrna, I pass by

the e of L oukis the e nicknam Mit . All this , couple d wi th my own humble appreciation

of e e n ot ed my pow rs, was sur ly calculat to

e e o me o of d d v l p within a h er ic turn min .

d o Had I known then as much as I now, 8 L 4 OU K I S LA R A S .

the latent yearnings of my soul might per

h e o and o d o e and aps hav s ught f un an utl t, have got the b e tte r of my nat ural shortcom

d e ings . But my min was th n as shrunk and

as undevelope d as my body. I was ve ry

an ed Not e ignorant d un enlighte n . ve n or thography had that good old Pappa Floutis

e e de d to me h succ in imparting , though e profe ss e d to have indoctrinated me in the

e of fES O to e e ed on fabl s p, and hav l ctur

o f th e o of th Th s me o e s rm ns e Fathers . e little Italian and Fre nch I kn e w I had picked

Telemaeizus the up in my , which , by way, I did not quite read through ; an d afte r le aving school I n eve r op en ed any b ook but our

had o e e l edger. I s m vagu and confus ed

o o e o d and and n ti ns about L ni as Marathon ,

ab out the French Revolution . But as to

e an d e e de e and the e lib rty, ind p n nc , high r

de e of n e e t stini s man , I ith r thought any hing of e and de conce , nor had I any cl ar finite p

o e ti n r specting th e m .

The o and khan was my w rld , a good

- o n c balance sh eet my patri tism . It was e es RA L O U K I S L A S . , 49

f r me t o e ee e t sary o hav b n sunk in mis ry, o have s een the d e stitution and thesufferi ngs

f e o d me to e e ed the o thos ar un , hav witn ss

oe e d the e e e o of ee e thr s att n ing r g n rati n Gr c , t o have re alis e d the sacrifice s and have appre ciated the high m otive s of the death

e of her o e o e the e e of m struggl s ns, b f r y s y

o d be o e ed and e o e the fire s oul c ul p n , b f r of e me d e patriotism , lat nt within , coul hav

burnt into flam e . It was only th en I felt a

f r o ed e d e d the thirst o kn wl g , that I un rstoo

and c e ! world, that I be am a man . Alas still but a small man the d OU R tower, and groun s around it, came

’ into our posse ssion as my m othe r s marriage

H r o e e d f l e , o o d p ortion . family p ss ss in

of the d e e e that part islan larg stat s , which by succe ssion and marriage settle me nts were

e e o did not subdivide d with e ach g n rati n , but go out of the family ; so that we we re sur ’ o e e e e rounde d by my m th r s r lativ s, whos towe rs lay within e asy reach of ours . There was hardly one of these country

e The o e seats unte nanted at that tim . wn rs

th e o d and of s ome lived there all e y ar r un , others had abandon e d the ir town h ouse s on h a had fle d the o t e same d y we , at appr ach

f h ami t s W e e e e o e d o t e S o e . wer th r f r in goo c ompany ; and we appre ciate d the possibility

2 L O U K I 5 S LA R A S .

e d and e h e pillag d stroyed by t e Turks . Th n, d it ros e grace fully from amid the tree s aroun , and eve rything in it was trim and orde rly.

e e o o ed the A small narth x, Op n in fr nt, f rm entrance an d unde r cover of this proj e ction a marble se at was place d at e ach side of the

d th e e . e e o e e e gat Th r I ft n sat , r a ing pitaphs e ngrave d on the tombstone s with which the h narth e x was flagged . From t e founde r

’ d ownwards m ost of my mother s re lative s had had be e n buri ed there . In that chapel my parents b e en married ; and it was th e ir

to be ed e e de th wish buri th r , un r e flags of h h n h t e e t e o e e t o e . narth x, n xt e th r But

e e e e o e e e l od n ith r th y r p s th r , nor wil my b y return to earth in that b elove d corner of my i e e . W e e and d e d e d nativ isl now liv isp ers ,

e e e de e and the vagrant in lif , xil s in ath its lf, whirlwind which has sown us broadcast has shake n and loosened the sacre d b onds which attach the hearts of childre n t o the ir an c stral - w l e e e . e o d r sting plac s But as grow ,

e th f e I, at l ast, as I feel e hour o repos

e e to approaching, I gri v think that when L O U K I S LA R A S . 53 my children shall have re ach ed my old age they will not be able to sooth e the ir wearied mind e ither with the traditions of a hom e o ed e e e e o or th wn by succ ssiv g n rati ns, with e re minisce nce s of the bit of land whe re the ir

e e e ed o fath rs slumb r clust r t ge the r. When I

o was y ung I little conside re d the se things . But my soul n ow re verts to the past with

e o d e and e o rec ll c incr asing f n n ss, liv s up n o e

o old ti ns of . d To re sume my tale . On Thurs ay morn ing of the Passion We e k we we nt t o the

and we o e d of the o liturgy, c mmun H ly

e Sacram ent . It was a magnific nt spring

o e we e e d o m rning wh n r turn fr m church , and inste ad of re maining indoors I went on the balc ony t o e at my Le nte n bre ak

o n e the d oo o the fas t . But Op ning r up n

o an d e e to the sea be balc ny, raising my y s

o d stu e fie d the e e y n , I was p with sight b for me e e e e and t o . I l ft my br akfast th r , ran

e who o o ed me on the call my fath r, f ll w

o and w o ed on the sea be balc ny, e b th gaz

o f re us. L O K 54 U I S L A R A S .

A long line of great ships made for the

o e e e d the harb ur . Th y w r still istant , but

o e e d an d w o d e atm sph r was limpi , e c ul mak o ut distinctly the sails bulging out be fore th e

d an d the d o e an d e e e e win , ubl tr bl whit lin s

of the on th e black hulls ships . While th e se

d t o o o e e of se eme appr ach , an th r lin small

e th craft, th ir triangular sails catching e wind

de fled ee o the o th asi , cr ping al ng c ast in e h o f . e e dire cti n o Samos But t e larg r ve ss ls,

e e d of o e as if h sitating, inst a c ntinuing th ir

e o the dde e e e d cours t wards port, su nly v r

For ed e o d round . an instant I fanci th y w ul

o e are not e put ab ut ; but no, th y r tracing

e are o of o the ir steps th y tacking in fr nt Chi ,

th t o our whilst e small ships, still flying right, disappear one after the other b ehind the h extre me point of t e island . It was not difficult to understand what

Th e e was taking place. e Turkish fl t was

do e e and the in b earing wn in gr at str ngth ,

w hiotes surgents b eat a retre at. But e C what would b ecom e of us ? I know not how long my father and I re L K O U I S L A R A S . 55 m e d the e and o o e ain on balcony sil nt m ti nl ss , with our e ye s transfixed on the se a. “ ” L et le t d he dde us fly, us fly, sai , su nly

o turning towards the h ouse . I f llowed him an d e o e e I th n saw my m th r, with my sist rs and d d b on the o A riana, stan ing y us balc ny, an n h d gazing mutely o t e sight b e fore us .

e e the o e e d e and My fath r l ft h us imm iat ly,

H e d e e d e . e I w nt aft r him, by his or rs wish t o consult with our re lative s as t o what was t o be do e W e had a d e e d out of n . h r ly st pp

ur d e e e we saw G o gar n gat wh n alanis, my

’ o e o o o d o d m th r s c usin , c ming t war s us, h l

th A fe w ing his little daughte r by e hand.

o e o e he had e an d m nths b f r lost his wif , his ve ry life now s e emed concentrated on love for d He e his orphan chil . was ins parable

h r Th f th o e . e e o e d fr m grac ful form chil ,

e e e e e an d the sad e e th n in its l v nth y ar, xpr s

of e de e e had won sion its t n r f atur s, all my sympathie s from the very first day of our

o o th s j urn in e country. Galanis was coming to m e et my father

the o our e with same bj e ct which guided st ps . 6 L K I 5 OU S L A R A S .

W e now all turned towards the chapel they

e a o e e o ed few w nt first, t lking t g th r ; I foll w a

e e d d e e the st ps b hin , hol ing littl D spina by

on the o d of her hand . Gazing g l e n locks

o e e d o of the inn c nt h a , I th ught ships I saw

o th and e o e e d fr m e balcony, I r c ll ct with a shudde r all I had he ard Of the doings of the

and d niae Turks at Smyrna Cy o .

an I walke d on silent d full of sadness .

e d e her e D spina sai nothing, but I f lt littl

e e e o d fing rs tr mbl within my hand . I c ul see she was frighte ned ; but not knowing

de ee her oo e d what to say in or r to ch r , I st p and e d h r S he e ed her kiss e hand. th n turn

e e e me and d e blu y s towards , sai , in a tr m bling voice

the Louki, will Turks kill us ?

No e d e o. , D spina, my chil w shall g ” B n n m e not afraid ; o o e will har us. “ e e e Th y will kill my fath r. I know th y 1” will. They will kill him

And she e e e : b gan crying bitt rly, but sil ntly - The e e ed d h r t ars str am own e little face, and she repeated L OU K I S LA R A S . 57

Th e . e Th y will kill him Turks kill . ” They will kill my father !

’ ’ o e o be D n t cry, D spina d n t afraid.

ed t o o o e her had n o I wish c ns l , but I

and the e es of her o e words, bitt rn s wail ch k d my voice . Most Of our n eighbours had already col l h h W e cted in t e narthe x of t e chapel . e

n th o also sat o e marble se ats . Galanis to k the d on ee and the o de men chil his kn s, l r b egan to consult. Th ey were not long in making up the ir

e e e e e n o minds. It was manif st that th r w r

e f e o e o and m ans su fici nt to ff r Opp sition , that the Turks would soon be maste rs of the

W a ri ori how th island . e all knew p e

Turks treat conquered countries . It was there fore re solve d that we should move to the e e the d and e e dis w st rn part of islan , th r

w fin e e e e e e o d e d e e . p rs , wh r v r c ul ach r fug

W e o de d the and ed thus av i Turks , approach the o o e e e w o e d c ast opp sit Psara, wh nc e h p t de o be rescued . With aching he arts we ba e e d - b e we e ach oth r goo y , gav a last kiss to th an e d we e e d. icons , s parat 8 L OU K I 5 S LA RA S .

From that day I n eve r saw our little chap el again .

our o e e o d me On way h m , my fath r t l that he e d e d e e for fe w d the hos int n s king, a ays ,

italit of two old e who e d on p y his uncl s , liv

on the o the ir farm . It lay th e r side of the

our e A s o hill which shut in vall y. s on as we ot he o d e e d the de g back, r r gar ne r t o load

e e dd an d o and to two mul s with b ing provisi ns, go in advance t o inform the old gentle men of our and e e th e arrival, th r wait with e mul s .

The de e set gar n r having off, my fathe r calle d me into the room where he had b e e n

o d e close te d with my m oth er. I f un th m filling a sack with plat e and other valuable s ;

o e on the so e d e an th r sack lay fa alr a y fill d .

The e o d on e o e e ‘ e d s c n having als b n ti up,

e e d an d de me my fath r lift it on his back , ba

o of th o e o e ed take h ld e oth er. My m th r p n for the d and we e the o he us oor, l ft r om , first,

e and I following, ach carrying his sack, until we re ache d the m ost outlying part of the

e e e of ee . o gard n, n ar a thick t tr s I laid d wn

o an t o e e my l ad d brought w spades . Th r ,

60 L O K I U S LA R A S .

” W oe to Chio ! cri ed my father and we

n hurri ed o . The farm to which we were bound was

e d de e so V e con situat in a fil , that its i w was

h o d n o e d an d t e s e a t e e be e e . fin , c ul th nc s n ’ Ther e my fath e r s old uncl e s live d in undis

Th o d f h t urbe d retire m ent . e l er o t e two

of e and e e e e was a man gr at sagacity xp ri nc , an d had sp ent many ye ars of his life trading

He had e e e o e ac at Amsterdam . th r b c m

uainted e o e e d q with Coray , th n als ngag in

o e an d had e e c mm rcial pursuits, sinc k pt up with that learn e d man an occasional but m ost fri endly corre spondence for my uncle also

e o of t o gav s me his tim e literature . All this invested him with a certain weight in the eye s of Men of e e e e e his countrymen . l tt rs w r th n

o e e d t o be met and con se m r s l om with,

e e e e e e e e e of qu ntly w r h ld in gr at r st m, which

de e d e e in the y were worthy. Th y kn w

o o e o e e d t o o th r ughly what th y pr f ss kn w, an d laboure d with s elf~ de nial for the e nlight e nment of our e o p pl e . I had not s een my uncle since my early L O K I S U L A R A S . 6 1 childhood ; but I thought of him always with respe ct and our short soj ourn n e ar him on that occasion increased my appreciation of his

He o e o d wisdom and his many virtues. f r t l — us all that Chi o was ab out to suffer the

e the e the i the e massacr s , pillag , captiv ty, exil ,

h e o d oo e . t e disp rsi n ; in a wor , all that t k plac

h o e he de e d the o On t e wh l , con mn insurre cti n

e an d the e see ed t o him as prematur , futur m black and chee rless . But th e n he was ve ry

ld an d e e e he n ed o , in his r tir m nt ourish his mind with the cold dictat e s of experie nce an d the conte nts of books . Would revolutions

e e o th e ve r tak plac in any c untry, if e audacity and inexp erie nce of youth were wanting ? Old men naturally incline to in acti on or p ostpon em ent ; they counse l

n on e pati enc e a d circumspecti . I fe l this

e and o o own x mys lf, I kn w it fr m my e peri ence now .

The e e e and e oth r broth r was d af, spok

and e o he but rarely. Downcast m lanch ly, s eem e d a stranger to the things of this

e e and o world, his only amus m nt occupati n 62 L OU K I S L A R A S .

e b ing wood carving. I have still a small

e e of d o e e the sp cim n his han iw rk , r pres nting A h m o e e e e . nnunciati n , which gav th n My parents in vain urge d the two old men t o fl The de e e with us . af brothe r shook his h h e ad in sign of re fusal . T e othe r said The life still le ft us is but short ; why should we take pains to prolong it ? You ” u have dutie s towards your children yo go .

And so e re o e th y maine d in their t w r .

No on e e e e e knows what th ir fat was . N ith r

e n or e old e nor the th y, th ir s rvant, gar deme and e e e e e e r his family, hav v r b e n s n or e d of e God o o h ar sinc . nly kn ws in what slave - marke t the gardene r and his childre n

e e o d and on e e e w r s l , what Turkish stat th y

d e e e e for the old slave th ir xist nc away. A s me n e e the de one e had n o , sp cially af , th y

h o e e e. W o d e mark tabl valu w ul buy th m , an d for what purpose ? Such captive s were n ot barte re d th ey we re butch e re d . May

e o e e e o ! e e th ir ag ny hav b n sh rt At l ast , th y

e e not e d and e e e e W d w r marri , th r w r no i ows

o o o o we and rphans t m urn ve r them . But L K I S 6 OU LA RA S . 3 preserved the m emory of the good old men

o d e e e e n ow e the in f n r sp ct and v n , aft r

of e e laps e so many y ars, my h art sinks within m e while I write of th em.

W e e d e e o d e r main th r f ur days only, uring which time we were daily inform e d by the

f oo th p easants o what t k place in e island.

e e e the e e o the Ev n b for fl t cast anch r, Turks from the fort had thrown the mselve s

o the n and e t o e and up n tow , b gun pillag

d our we ha e . e d massacr Wh n , uring flight,

h of th e e f th h eard t e firing guns , cr ws o e ships were landing to swell the numb er of

e da the se a o e ed e xecution ers . N xt y was c v r with small craft bringing ove r from th e Oppo site coast the savage horde s who had so

long b ee n lying in wait for their pre y. Th e n

Th o i n h orror reache d its he ight . e t wn d d ot

e to e e e an d suffic qu nch th ir p nt up fury, th e y were let l oose on the surrounding h c ountry. On Easter Sunday t e t erribl e

o o o e h l caust of Saint Minas t ok plac . All re sistance had n ow ce ase d ; such of the insurgents as had not fled had be e n scat 64 L OU K I S LA R A S .

d t ere d and were in hiding. N othing impe ed the advance of the wild b e asts but the glut of re ady victims ; an d in proportion as the se

e e e e d the e of de o ex w r xhaust , circl vastati n e d d so we o d e the t n e , that c ul h ar Turks approach n eare r an d nearer to our place of re fuge . H e o did ? ear th m appr ach , I say It is but an abstract and cold e xpre ssion. But how can I adequate ly de scribe the horror of e e e e ? e e th s v nts It is for you, r ad r, to supple ment the insufficiency of my narrative

e the e e an d by imparting lif into sc n s, by vivifying the impressions which my m em ory now e e one t o e d r fl cts . It is thing r a , com fortabl e e d o of de y s at in y ur room, vastations

d or o and b in a istant unkn wn country, at a y o e e e g n tim , and another thing to h ar that your

e e e and e d acquaintanc s, and your r lativ s, fri n s , and o e are ed or ed c untrym n, massacr carri

e o into slav ry that h mes familiar to you , and

e d the o e da are which you visit but th r y,

a i s d d ffe e burnt nd pillage d. It a wi ely i r nt thing to be told by name that such and such L OU K I S 6 LA R A S . 5

a friend has b e e n kill ed and his wife made a slave ; that she was se e n dragged along by a

and Y e de . ou savag Turk, wailing, in spair know her voice ; you have heard her ofte n

to e and ou talk you m rrily, you fancy that y

now e t o her e d e e list n r n ing, pit ous scr ams ,

ou se e her u e d an that y , with pturn h ead d

d e e ed e le d ish v ll hair, b ing into captivity,

And ou of h r into shame . y think e husband and he r childre n You are yourself near at

d ed o e an d o han , with your ag m th r y ur virgin

e and ou e e o on e o e t o sist rs, y xp ct, fr m m m nt

o e t o see her e e o an th r, iniquitous p rs cut rs

o o ! God appe ar bef re y u. Ah may spare you such experie nce Information of such events reached us in

e ed e o so so unint rrupt succ ssi n , much that we grew callous to the enormity of the

W e o disaste r. e b came alm st brutalised by constant fe ar. It was actually by force that

e d ed e t o my uncl in uc my fath r fly. W e therefore loaded our mules again with our e dd and i o o and e b ing w th pr visi ns, s nt the e e d e o to gard n r in a vanc , with instructi ns 66 L K R O U I S LA A S .

for he e e wait us at t village of St. G org , in

the e e f the n e e w st rly part o isla d, wh r my

e e o e ed he had f e d t o fath r r c ll ct a rustic ri n ,

d h ha oo Bid wh ose chil e d st d godfather.

e e to our old e w o e ding far w ll uncl s, e f llow d

l fte d an d re e o e short y a rwar s , ach d St. Ge rg

d the e o e t owar s aft rn on, xhausted by the heat

an h e f the o d t e fatigu o j urney. On entering the village we saw something

unusual had happene d. Eve ryone was astir,

the e e we e of eo e and str ts r full p pl , amongst

e e e o e ed men e ed th m w r s m arm , who app ar

' be o e and d e ood to strangers. W m n chil r n st

e e d r o on and e x~ at v ry oo , lo king talking

cite l ne d e d y. O woul hav thought it was a

e -da d eed it was e o d e f ast y; in , th n h li ay tim , but the anxi e ty marked on e very face he tokened that the village was not in a fe stive

o m od . My father approached an old village r who

d the o e d oo o f his stoo in p n rway cottage , and inquire d as to the wh ereab outs of his

H no e the e friend . e was long r in villag ; h h d a e e a left it a ye r ago . My father ask d

68 L O K I U S LA RA S .

e de o stamp . W men with children in their

men e d o de e arms, , th ir han s l a d with chatt ls,

out of the e m o all ran village, xchanging i c

e e o d e the e men o h r nt w r s, whil arm d , cl sing

e e e e d de th ir ranks, w r making r a y to barrica h t e e ntranc e . It was like the sudden whirl of the leave s

n the h o ground be fore t e storm bursts out . “ The are o e ! ” Turks up n us . Fly, hid

d out to th l crie us e o d pe asant.

W e e o th e e w r already utside e cottag , all of us ; we had no preparations t o make for

r our a flight . I hu ri edly untied asse s from the e e ha tr s wh e re the y d be e n made fast, and e o - e w o th , t rr r strick n, e ran al ng with e

e of th str am e fugitive s . W e passed the night on the march

h we had w ithe r bound we kne w not. But

ed and ve d ffi on walk far o r a i cult country, a

de o the oon stormy night un r a gl omy sky, m

o th o d showing at intervals thr ugh e cl u s.

W e e e e e e e ed w r hungry, sl pl ss, xhaust with

w fl W e e e of fatigu e ; still e e d. w r te n

e d we e d of startl , fancying had h ar firing K L OU I S L A R A S . 69

’ u or or the d o e ee g ns, shouts, thu of h rs s f t , and more than once we stopped short in o de t o li e do and for we r r wn take breath ,

e e o of oo w r m st us on f t .

W e de o e e e and ma up , alt g th r, a num rous

o and e d e we o d long conv y, b ing afrai l st sh ul be e ed we e d e o e d t o ee our s parat , n av ur k p own litt le circle unite d within that surging

o cr wd .

The o on the sea- o e morning f und us sh r ,

o o e the d of at a de s ert bay pp sit islan Psara. There it was we de sired and hope d t o take th d d e e . e r fug But win was blowing har , and n either insid e the bay n or in the op en

r o of The could we see ship o b at any sort . s hore was already full of fugitive s who had

o e and had e e e e in arrived be f r us, coll ct d th r w ha the same hope as that in which e d come . W e had not s een or heard anything of th e m

e on o the from a distanc , but appr aching

we e e ed de the o e e e b each, p rc iv un r liv tr s,

e d o to th s a which r ache alm st e e , human

i n h o forms ly ng o t e ground in little kn ts . There these unfortunate p eople had passed 0 L K I 7 OU S LA RA S . th d the e night , during which , rive n on by e e we had e d o the e t mp st, march t wards sam

t o of e e . point, as a harbour r fug

and the th Our arrival, first rays of e rising

o o of e sun, put in m ti n that camp fugitiv s ; an d b e fore we got near e nough t o mix with

we de the . o e ee them , saw un r liv tr s wome n

n d d e old men and a chil r n , young, sit up and e e e o d m turn th ir y s t war s us, whilst so e

the o d e on t o se e who w of cr w cam e were.

W e e e d the e d o th n halt ; wom n ism unted,

nd we the oo of a all sat at f t a large tree .

e e e d an Many y ars hav pass away, d much

e e fe e d e hav I sinc suf r , but n ver shall I forge t the fe eling of e xhaustion with which

e o e o e - I was th n v rp were d. For tw nty four hours I had b ee n on the march without

r n h refre shment o re st . I lay down o t e bare e the de of o e an arth by si my m th r, d shut

e e ee n o e t i my y s , f ling str ng h in my l mbs , and b e ing unable to gathe r a thought in my ’ e d o e h a . I fe lt my m th r s hand press on my forehead ; I half ope n ed my eyes and

saw her e e e m x d ar fac b nt over e. W e e R L O U I S L A R AS . 7 1

e d she o e d n chang d no wor s , but sto p a d

ed nd e e e e o e d kiss me, a my y s w r again cl s . My father had advance d to me e t those w o he ho we re c ming towards us . Pre sently

e o e e e . return d, f llow d by an ld rly man I did not kn ow who he was ; but my mother

e o an d e sh r c gnised him, g tting up e ran

The old towards him . man op ened his

an d e d h r t o o o e arms pre ss e his b s m . H

’ h e e was er fath r s broth r.

‘ U p to that mom e nt we had non e of us

The e of d given vent to tears. f ar imp e n ing d e th o e e the d ang r, e constant m v m nt, rapi suc — cession of sce ne s an d impre ssions all this

W e e ke pt our nervous syste m in te nsio n. e w r

o e d and d et our e e pr strat in min in bo y, y y s h had i e e e . now t e rema n d t arl ss But , in

of her e oo o e hid he r arms uncl , my p r m th r h ead in his bo som and abandon e d herself to

- be ove rpowere d by her l ong p ent up grie f.

r He sobs and sighs tore my heart . My s e n t o her and e d a d e ist rs clu g cri , n my fath r

e ed e w o cov r his fac ith his hands, whilst p or

d her t o e A riana bit lips , trying mak a 2 7 L OU K I S LA RA S .

f h e show of courage for the sake o t e oth rs.

me e e e u As for , I f lt as if my h art ros p

and e e e e dim within my neck, my y s b cam

And e e with tears . th r was wailing and lamentation under the olive tree which

shade d us . Our old uncle set my mother on the

d and e to e groun , still sobbing, w nt procur

o He e w for us some f od. r turne d ith fre sh

h r cheese ; it was all e could find . Fo there was not a spare morsel of bread amidst that

e of e gr at host mis rable creatures. With

f e ee e e e e w d our r sh ch s , th r for , e console hunger.

e e e e b e the Still th r was no v ss l to e s e n ,

e e the d did e the sea viol nc of win not abat ,

and w th was high, e remained exposed on e

e o e o e o of b ach , without c v r, without pr t cti n

the w ha any sort . Were Turks to arrive, e d no other re fuge le ft us but the wave s ; and we expe cted to see them appe ar from one

o e W c on m m nt to anothe r. e there fore sulted e and ed with my uncl , it was arrang we should se ek shelter in the village of L K I S OU L A RA S . 73

e a e e e hide e M st , clos by, th r to our tim , until,

s e we fo e to by om possibility, und m ans h leave t e island.

we e e on the e and Thus w r again mov ,

’ e o e w a aft r s m hours march, e reached Mest in a pitiable condition . THE e e e th villag s of Chio, sp cially in e south of the d are e o o d islan , built lik str ngh l s, and are e e o p nt up lik pris ns. Properly speak

e e o n th o ing th y hav no walls, but e f ur oute r side s the backs of the house s are so

o e ed to o o c nn ct as f rm a c ntinu ous bulwark . The doors of the house s face inward on the

e the e e e of villag , c ntral str t which , abutting

e e nd on the o e fo th at ach ut r bulwark, rms e

e . e e e are e gat s Th s op nings , in fact, gat s, for e are o o th y shut in with ir n d ors . Such village s always reminde d me of our

n th o khan at Smyr a, e nly difference b eing

e d of th e that, inst a e gr at city which e ncircled our th e ar d khan , e villag s e surroun ed by

ee gr n hills ; and instead of pale trade smen ,

6 L K 7 OU I S LA R A S .

d o our was har to btain on all occasions, and

e o e d e e of e o far c nsist g n rally figs, b ans , car bs ,

and wild herbs.

the d e d on d o Thus ays pass , ami h pe s and

A to o e e d e . s e e to f ars our pr j ct scap Psara,

we e e o e e d t o do de of w r c mp ll aban n all i a it, the n ews which reached us th e nce b e ing very h d iscouraging. T e island was already over

o ded e the Psariote s cr w with fugitiv s, and , with hardly suffici ent means t o maintain

e e e o d ed to e th m, n ith r c ul nor wish r ceive

n e had d ew arrivals. Wat r alrea y b ecome

e and the o d o e of scarc , cr w ing t g ther large numbe rs of d e stitute re fuge e s had e n

e de e d e e e ed e g n r sickn ss , which s m to h rald

o e e e e a still m re fearful p estilenc . Th y th r

f e e d t o o e o e d or s nt wor Chi , r c mm n ing that fugitive s should be directed to oth er islands

of the ZE ean and o e e d for g , ff ring r a ily that purpose their ships arid their men . But at Me sta we b egan to hope that there

o be n o e e of e w uld o l nger any n d e scap . Two weeks had n ow elapsed since the ar

h The e rival of t e Turkish fleet. insurg nts L K I OU S LA R A S . 7 7

e the d e e d had l ft islan , or w r hi ing, scattered

the e the e e e in int rior, whilst p ac abl inhabit

of the and o of the e ants town , m st villag rs, had ne ithe r risen against the Turkish authori

e nor had e ee e d the ti s, th y b n implicat in

e e e . e d r volutionary mov m nt Why, th n , shoul p ersecutions continu e ? Why should terror b e e ed e all of e p rp tuat , wh n possibility re sist ance had disappe are d ? Were the innocent victims already sacrifice d not sufli cient ? Was the outburst of Turkish fury not

de e e d ? o we a quat ly satiat Thus c gitating, expecte d from day to day the proclama

of e e e e to tion an amn sty, and l av to r turn

ur o o h me s .

nd the o e e of the A , in fact, vi l nc Turks

W e e d had diminishe d p erceptibly. h ar l e ss

e e de and e e firing, and f w r mur rs hangings w r reported ; it was e ve n rum oured that the consuls we re me diating for a free pardon

o r of the the in fav u rayahs, and that Pacha

ee ed d o ed e e ru s m isp s to cl m ncy. Such

o e n m urs r ached us a d rais ed our h op e s .

the of ur o e On ninth day o s j ourn at M sta, 8 K I 7 L O U S L ARA S . we real ly thought that our woe s were drawing

n Two of the e t o the to an e d. consuls cam village with olive branche s in th e ir hands,

n e e e bringing tidi gs of c omfort. Th y pres nt d

e o t o on to us a p titi n sign , promising that our making an act of submission the Pacha would pardon us . Pardo n us ! and for what ? W e were no insurgents we had harmed no one ; we had ’ pillage d no man s prope rty we had dis hon oure d no woman n or had we murdere d

or m de e of . e e e a slav s any What, th n , w r we t o be pardon e d for?

r But the se a e my thoughts now. Then we did n ot re ason thus the very hope of b eing rescue d from that unbearable e xistence was

e of e o for W e e o a sourc tru jy us . th ref re

e d e d and o sign r a ily, all of us, old y ung, without so much as inquiring as t o the contents of the

o e we e d o d d cum nt ; sign with b th han s , call ing for ble ssings upon the good c onsuls who

had e d e d . W e n ow e e d e e m iat br ath fr ly, con

fident e e o had e e d and that p rs cuti n c as , that w o d r our o e e c ul retu n to h m s unmoleste d .

80 L OU K I S LA R A S .

e o o the e hous nce sto d, and on ston s which

e form d its walls. The promises of the consuls had so elated

o we e d e o e . our h pes , that wish to r turn at nc But the older men amongst us re strained

ur e e e e the ffe ed o impati nc , susp cting l st pro r

d be of the amne sty shoul an artifice Turks,

d d e th calculate to ec ive e consuls, and a trap wherewith the more e asily to lure us to

e had e e e er e e de struction . Th y a gr at r xp i nc of Turkish character ; but the re st of us confide ntly relied on the promise s and the

o e o of the o e o e pr t cti n c nsuls. Aft r s m con

d o e e e si erati n and d bat , and with a c rtain

of e e e o e amount h sitation, it was at l ngth r s lv d that some of us younger men should go on

the e o d as scouts , and that oth rs sh ul wait at

e for e or our e . M sta n ws from us , r turn Early next morning I starte d with two oth er

m n a e e no eed young e of my ge . Th r is n

e o e 0 o e to m nti n th ir name s . T what purp s should I indicate by name in each cas e those whose ill-luck was linked to mine ? Of my

the one now a old two companions, , happy L K I O U S LA RA S . 8 1

e e d o o on f g ntl man, hol s a high p siti n in e o

the o e Gree k c mmunitie s abroad . Oft n have we since met and talke d of days gone by

and of our o o f e The e c mm n su f rings. oth r,

who e d d o e d was spar then, ied sh rtly aft rwar s

o ho h th at Tin s . Many w ad e scape d e clutch e s of the Turks were thus mown down

d e ed o by ath . Exhaust by l ng privations

and o e m who had fled e o e the tr ubl s, any b f r

’ e nemy s sword fell afterwards premature vic

tims to dise ase .

e e we o e e our e d W ll, th n , to k l av of fri n s at

e and set off the ee of for the M sta, , thr us ,

The e of e e d e town . impr ssions r c nt isast rs

e e o our d and we e e wer still fr sh up n min s, w r not free from apprehension le st we should

in e d who be fall with arm Turks, might ignorant of or indifferent to the better dis

o of the p sitions Pacha .

we e e the But w r all still young, morning

e e e had o ff o br z an invig rating e ect up n us, and the mastic-covere d hills around Me sta

e o e - d gav f rth a h alth imparting aroma. Gra uall e fo u y, th re re, hope disp elled o r fe ars, and G 82 L OU K I S LA RA S

we e d e e e walk on with a light r st p, ch ering

our e o e o march with pl asant c nv rsati n . But n either our ch e e rfulness nor our j ourn ey was

to o o c ntinue l ng.

W e now saw at a distance the village of

e e we o e d Elata, wh r purp s to re st afte r our

and o walk , to btain information for our

o e e on The o j urn y farth r . sun was sc rching,

' and we quickened our st eps towards the

e - e o e of the e whit wash d h us s villag .

W e had e e d the e r ach outskirts, wh n sud denly we h eard wailing and loud crie s of

W e ee ood and o w om e n . all thr st still l oke d

e e e e the k the at ach oth r . W r Tur s in vil

our ou W lage ? Such was first th ght. e

e and the e o ed e list en d, cri s c ntinu th y w ere

h f o e d cle arly t e lamentations o w m n . Gui e d

he o d we e e the d e e by t s un , trav rs d s rte d

of the V e and o e stree ts illag , so n arriv d in f h front o t e church . Th e re the villagers w ere gathere d in a

an d e d o e e e d we crowd ; , lift ab v th ir h a s , saw two e e e e e e h ars s, which w r b ing carri d into

th the one e the e . d e church, aft r oth r Aroun

84 L OU K I S LA R A S . se de d the h opes which had hardly take n root My father was the only one who p ersiste d

The e e e e in his illusi ons. ncount r was a m r accide nt ; the de cision o f the Pacha could

“ et e e e o e de e e not y hav b n kn wn ; b si s, v n

id not e so thos e Turks d r main at Elata, that th eir firing at the young men was no proof of the re sumption of syste matic persecutions h things would surely settle down . Thus e reasone d but the experi e nce of the past

d the f e and de e d fille re st o us with f ar, priv

of o de e e ed oo us all c nfi nc in \ th vaunt g d f h intentions o t e Pacha .

L et let the e us go, us fly, said wom n ;

e d e ed and o d n ot d th ir chil r n cri , I c ul ismiss from mymind the sight of th ose two he arse s

the e e of the n or the at ntranc church , wail h of t e wom e n lam enting their dead.

’ a o e That sam e d y my m ther s uncl , by dint of liberal rewards an d still m ore ge ne r

o e de d d o ous pr mises , succe in in ucing a y ung

e to o e e a p asant carry, by any p ssibl m ans,

to e letter Psara. He b egge d his friends th re L O U K I S LA R A S . 85

of L to provide us with means escap e. e t ” e e o e o d he a v ss l nc appr ach , sai to my

e an d ou e e e ou fath r, y may r main h r if y ”

o le t o o e e . ch ose . But it nly c m in tim

e e e d e and e e e d My fath r r main sil nt, s m

he d of the d e of h esitating. Was afrai ang rs the an d the e e of e e or did flight bitt rn ss xil , h e o de the e d o o f the o c nfi in m iati n c nsuls , and think that by hiding in the meantime on our own island we might we ath er the storm

e e e ? had he with gr at r saf ty Or again , , unde r the we ight of so many succe ssive e m o

o o e - e e an d n ow ti ns, l st all s lf r lianc , was in d oubt what t o ch oose and how t o de cid e N ext m orning we were all gathered in the

d - floor e e of the o e groun ntranc h us , which

o o on the s erved as a comm n ro m . Sitting

o - e an d o n th e e we e e d or st ps staircas , w r , as

d t o be d o e we usual , iscussing what was n

e d th e da o d o await what y w ul bring f rth, cal culating wh e n we might reasonably e xpe ct

d o e an answe r from Psara . A riana al n was

h ha o e for absent . S e d gon e to pr cur us

o S he had o e o e provisi ns . m r than nc suc 86 L OU K I S LA R A S . cee de d in varying our po or fare by gath ering

o the o d . wild h erbs fr m surr un ing hills As,

sh o e o e h owever, e was l ng r turning, my m th r e e and e e e d o e e d the d oo f lt un asy, r p at ly p n r an d looke d out into the stre e t t o see if she

o d e w ul app ar. — Adriana was a veritable Provide nce the ge n e ral supp ort of our unfortunate party at

e f - and d e o o M sta. Full o se lf denial v ti n , sh o e d o and e an d e lo k afte r my m ther sist rs , saw to the wants of us alL S he found time for e e and o h r v rything, n thing e scaped e

she who o r in atte ntion . It was pr cure d o vente d our daily fare it was she who th h had brought water from e w ell . S e suc ce e de d e of and e , by m ans straw som old

e e e o e d for f carp ts, in xt mp rising b s all o h f t e oo o o e . And us in vacant r ms that h us ,

e d the e having struck up fri n ship with p asants, she inquired int o an d asc ertained all that

o o n and o o was g ing , br ught us inf rmation

o o de He r n fr m utsi . activity was i exhaust

e and her d o H r ibl goo hum ur unalterable . e heart was as robust and her mind as healthy

88 L O U K I S LA R A S . articulate the words she endeavoured to pro ” e : de ! nounc Fly, hi In an instant we we re all of us in the street with Adriana . Whith e r we re we going ? What doing ? An instinctive impulse guide d our steps in a dire ction contrary to the entrance of th e vil W th e. e e e e e e lag w r trying to scap Turks , an d we did not conside r that by running away from the e ntrance we shut ourselves up

th who e o in e village . But r as ns in such m om e nts

While we were thus flying terror- stricken and o e d n c nfus , not k owing wh e re to take

e old h re fug , an woman standing by t e door of e e and a humbl cottag saw us, , taking pity “ o e e de d t o her o up n us , xt n us hand. C me ” “ ood d she let me de in , g Christians, sai ; hi you h ere .

W e ed o the o e doo all rush in thr ugh p n r,

o the d old o o foll wing goo w man . Pr vidence had h r h r inspired e . To e we owe our pre e o — e e s rvati n our v ry xiste nce . I neve r saw her e do e e her e sinc , I not v n know nam , but K 8 L OU I S LA R A S . 9

I have n ever forgotte n her good-natured

e nor e e e e e d e her fac , hav I v r c as to bl ss

e o the e e ded m m ry. May Almighty hav r war h r and e l et her e o e e e e , hav r p s in p ac At the back of the cottage th ere was an

e d e the e nd. op n yar , with a stabl at In that

h hi Her o e out stable s e d us . c ws wer graz

the e d an d e did not e n ing in fi l s, th y r tur e ith er that e ve ning or on the following

e d e d o e o nights, but l ft us in un isput p ss ssi n

o The did n ot e of th e ir ab de. Turks captur

n d e wom e n a d chil ren only. Anything th y could lay hands upon was good plunder but that time we were not the sufferers by the

f h h l o robbery o t e cows of t e poor o d wid w. The entrance into the stable was a narrow

e the e e e x and dark passag , but stabl its lf

ded o o de dr e ten int a c nsi rable qua angl , with

out do or o e o e so win ws any th r p ning, that wh e n the door of the passage was close d

o the d th d d up n yar e arkn e ss insi e was thick,

and t o th e e stench inside there was no outl t .

o d and n w e e e F ur ays ights were e, ight n

o e o . s uls in all, p nt up within that dunge n 0 9 L OU K I S L A RA S .

On the evening of the first day the good

o o of an d w man br ught us a bag full figs , whe n our eye s b ecame som e what accustom e d t o the d e we d o e e d o e arkn ss , isc v r , in a c rn r of the e o e e stabl , a can with s m wat r in it,

f r h t o e inte nde d o t e cows. Thanks o th s figs and that water we did n ot die of i n anition for edd we o d on . As b ing, f un a

e o e o one of the de of the sh lf, pr j cting fr m si s ’ e of we e d stabl , a quantity straw, which spr a on the o so the o e and d gr und, that w m n chil ren n t li n th might o e o e filthy soil .

o our - w o e d Fr m hiding place e ften h ar , o e e e and om the s m tim s n ar again fr afar, howling of the Turks an d the groans of th The of our so e Christians. last night

the e e e we had e j ourn in stabl , sp cially, th m o t oo e for e e d nly n ar us, th y pass that night

the o e of the old o and we in c ttag w man , could h ear distinctly th e ir conversation and th e recital of the ir e xe crable exploits. The chie f busin e ss of th e s e Turks was t o d o h isc ver t e fugitive s who were hiding .

e d th men an d e d Th y ispatched e , carri away

2 9 L O U K I S L A RA S .

And Ad hi h r and her riana d e face , wailings

e e not d o e e her w r he ar . My m th r w nt up to t o e and o o e he r car ss c ns l . “ D o n ot o me she d to her t uch , sai ; do not touch me ; you will taint your hands . Miserable girl Her black d e spair in that dark an d filthy refuge was the m ost te rrible warning of the fate which awaite d the re st of the o e e e the to d o w m n w r Turks isc ver us . The last night we re main e d awake with the alm ost ce rtain fe ar that we sh ould n ot e scape

The doo of th the ir grip . r e stable but just e ed e th mo s parat us from th m . In e rning

e e e ed the o e the sil nc r ign in c ttag , but village

How was in commotion . sl owly th ose hours passed Would the Turks return again n e ar us ? Should we have the m th ere anothe r night ? W e all felt as if we could n o longe r b ear it . Towards e vening we h eard the m in the

d e for de e and we ood yar pr paring partur , st

e e e o e d - for d e br athl ss , awaiting th ir h p isapp ar

e dde the anc . Su nly husky voice of a Turk thundered out L O K I S U LA RA S . 93

let see e e we But us just , b for go, what ” in there is this sh e d.

de the of th o d I ma sign e cross , and a c l

sweat cam e over me . The door of the stable creak e d loudly as

o e and e e ed the e e it was flung p n , r v al t rribl

f one d h d form o a Turk . With han e hel a

e d o d the o e th nak sw r ; with th r a stick, at e e n d of m me which hung a la p . Its glim r lit u th e e of the and p fac Turk, b e hind him

e d the e d of o e app e ar h a s m r Turks, eyeing

e the d e e o e e inquisitiv ly arkn ss b f r th m . I

d o the end of th was sitting wn at far e stable, h Opp osite t e door. If I live for a thousand years I shall never forget that appalling apparition . W e Th had al most cease d bre athing. e Turk put

u oo m de o d o t his f t, and a a step f rwar . A loud splash of the water into which he

e ed e oe o the w st pp ch d thr ugh barn, and dre

the from Turk a frightful oath. “ e e n o e e he Th r is thing but filth in h r , ” de . L et o ad d us g .

he a T door was swung back with crash , and 94 L O U R I S L A R A S .

e W e e e e d e they d parted . w r sav A whisp r,

o e e e d an inv luntary sigh , might hav b tray us

od oo o us and all. But G t k pity up n , it was

we o d be e d His will sh ul sav . Our e scape the n appe ared to us as a good

f r th e an d we e d re om e n o e futur , wait with

h n f our n e we d fortitude t e e d o trials.

de d ur o e e e n ot . In e , o h p s w r vain That same e vening at n ightfall the d oor of the

o e e d— e o e e barn was again p n this tim , h w v r,

e d our e e e e by a fri n , p asant m ss ng r, whom

had e to o for e my uncle s nt pr cure us a vess l. By what m eans he had accomplish e d his

e d how he d o e ed our - d - rran , isc v r hi ing place,

o not he d I kn w . But brought us ti ings that a Psari ot ship waite d for us at a lonely cre e k

n ot o the e and he e d far fr m villag , was r a y to

conduct us there at once .

The d e of the the e of the arkn ss night, f ar

the e of the e th Turks, unc rtainty futur , e d e of the the e o e of ang rs flight, r c ll ction our

e o e de e d pr vi us fruitl ss wan rings , all this caus

e o e Ye t us many h sitati ns at that mom nt. ,

we e ed e e our d on h mor if r main th r , oom t e

6 L K 9 O U I S LA R A S . e e ex asy matt r walking stealthily at night, hausted an d o de d old men o e , surr un by , w m n , and d e no e o o e e we chil r n , with cl ar n ti n wh r

e e o and o the w r g ing, with a c nstant fear lest

Turks should reappear. I r was early dawn when we reache d the

e e oo the ee e e th e h ights ov rl king cr k, wh r

A e e m e ans of re scue awaite d us . silv r str ak

of im ed the e ed d light mark sky, and h rald

h f the t e rise o sun . At the foot of the steep hill on which we halte d we could make out the sea and the

e e be e d . b ach, but not a rippl was to h ar h h Inside t e cre ek t e sea was perfe ctly calm . At s om e distance farther out the peasant

o d out t o th o d p inte us e ship . I c ul not d on the e istinguish its hull dark wat rs, but ’ o o our de o e e e f ll wing gui s utstr tch d fing r, I

the two e e t o be saw masts, which app ar d

o o d th e m ving t war s us, with sails hanging

oo e o W our e l s ly fr m them . e quicken e d st ps, H 8 9 L O U R I S LA R A S . and in a few more minutes we stood on the b each . The good ship had come from Psara not

r o e Th had e e fo us al n . e captain tak n car

e ow e to mak his arrival kn n ov rnight, and many were the fugitive s who flocke d from

d and o the the village s aroun , fr m caverns

e e e had ee The e wh r th y b n hiding. b ach was already strewn with them when we got

e o e on e . ther , and m re k pt arriving aft r us Fortunately the first com ers had give n th ee o the e e e signal agr d up n , and v ss l was

e d the e e e alr a y moving into cr k, wh n , from th of the de out e top hill, I ma its masts. As we ot e the o of e w g n ar gr ups fugitiv s, e saw that the eye s of all were turned towards the

sea The o . o e . . b at was coming It appr ach d

W e d e the di the sea coul h ar oars p into , and the rowlocks labour under the pressure of

And d e e on th each strok e . stan ing th r e

e we e our e e e e b ach, b nt ars in sil nc , int nt upon catching thos e comforting sounds as

e e e e and o e th y b cam mor m r distinct .

e e e the Wh n, how v r, boat arrive d along

10 0 L OU K I S L A R A S . be o e o e o e d long c ming, wh n a gunsh t r s und , n a d was followe d by the whiz of a bulle t. All e yes we re at once turn ed towards the he ights

e d and e e t o the t o b hin us , th r , our right, on p of the we o e the e hill, saw in utlin figur s of

n four me . ” ood e e the are o G h av ns , Turks up n us 1 The terror spread on that b e ach by the un expecte d appe arance of our perse cutors

de r e e d and was in sc ibabl . A s con a third

Th o e shot followe d. e gr ups of fugitiv s were

e e d and w th oo o f scatt r , e all ran to e f t the e e o e de o e hill, s king pr t ction un r pr j cting

The o one e e d rocks . f ur sailors al r main at

o e oo th e ir p st, and lifting up th ir guns, t k

and th o ed delib e rate aim , e f ur fir simul

u l The on the did taneo s y. Turks hill not

out of e or reply t o this salute. Was it f ar,

o e e e r e e e the did the sh ts tak ff ct, o w r th y

e - d o e e o od advanc guar of a m r num r us b y, and expe cted reinforce m ents b e fore falling upon us ? And th e n what would be our fate ? What resistance could we offer ? In the me antime the b oat was again ap L O K I U S L A R A S . 10 1

roachin and the e ed we p g, firing having c as ,

n d th a took courage a d ran again towar s e se . Should we all e scape in time ? Wo uld the Turks reapp e ar on the hill ? The boat was

o d e the o e now al ngsi r cks , wh n I saw my fathe r approach the coxswain and speak t o

e e o t o e an d m him arn stly, p inting my sist rs y

e the e o d e d s elf, whil brav sail r with r w his han , in e ed t o e o e o e which my fath r tri plac s m m n y . At the sam e tim e my m oth e r coming from be h m t d. d o e e ed o d. hin , to k by han I turn r un ” “ d she d e o e My chil , sai , tak y ur sist rs,

r e t o an d go with ou ble ssing. Leave us h re f ” the me rcy o God .

And so n she o e sayi g, put in my p ck t a small packe t containing all the j ewels she had

e e on her managed to save . I thr w mys lf

e e d h er and e d out e e neck, mbrac , cri , N v r, n eve r we shall all be save d toge ther.

But my father laid hold of my arm . ” Go o e d he with y ur sist rs, sai firmly ; ” we shall soon follow.

The e and e e boat was alr ady full, in it w r

e ed me seate d my sisters . My fath r push 10 2 L OU K I S L A R A S .

one e the o e me from sid , c xswain pull d from the o e and e o ha t o x ostu th r, b f re I d time e p

or h e e o d e t e o . lat r sist, I f un mys lf in b at

The o e e e o ars w r at onc put in m tion. I

ed oo o e o e o e turn back to l k nc m r at my m th r ,

e o e on the of th e and wh n I saw sm k top hill, Th a gun shot was again heard. e crowd on the rocks n ow b egan to press close togeth e r ;

e e e o and e thos b hind push d f rward, som had d alrea y fallen in the sea. All at once I discovere d that my mother was amongst

’ o o e them. I d n t quite kn w how I manag d

o d out arm her the to h l my to from boat, how she e ed e old d e s iz it, how anoth r la y h ld

’ n o with both hands to my mother s frock .

the e on and the e But boat w nt , two, b ing

ed me e o o ed tow by som h w, fl at along, until w m f th e not e lifted the out o e wat r. I do even re collect clearly how we e ve r got on board the ship . In the meantime the firing continue d at

th b e to and fro inte rvals . Still e oat w nt , and each tim e I scanne d her freight from th s see m e e hip, trying to if y fath r and

1 L O U K I S 04 LA R A S . a foundering ship looks upon the distant

o e n ot e e e o o sh re, can sur ly xp ri ence m ti ns

o o ed m re anguishing than th se we have suffer ,

d e e e w e with this iff r nc , that e f lt sinking d o on the be and our uring that ag ny ach , rock o f salvation was the good ship on b oard of we e e ed e which w r carri in small batch s,

the d o th while Turks fire at us fr m e hill. When at length I saw the schooner m ove off and o e who had de o e the , all th s un rg n

d e on o d e sam e ang rs with us safe b ar , I f lt my h eart filled with joy at our salvation . — This was my first fe eling a narrow fee ling

f e di not perhaps o gotism . I d the n think of those who remain ed at Chio of the

who e e o e e many , l ss fortunat than urs lv s , were hiding in cave s an d in unde rground

the do o place s, still suffering martyr m fr m ha which we d e scape d. No ; I confe ss

e o the o e that at that mom nt Chi , nay, wh l

d for m th and e e e . worl , was ship thos in it

e e e e e e e d e e Th r in w r my f lings c ntre , th r in

o my th ughts confin e d .

now e ed the o e sea and Having r ach p n , a L K I 0 O U S LA RA S . 1 5

ce rtain amount of order and quietne ss having

ee e o e d on d e the had b n r st r ck , fact that I re main ed without any food for a long time

e t o e e n o n w b gan ass rt its lf. This was e

e the o e of orr r s nsation . Ofte n in c urs e c ent adve nture I had e xperie nced the agony

Of n d ou e a d . Go e hung r thirst May spar y ,

e de e e e - ed r a r, this trial, sav wh n a w ll suppli

e ou t o be n an d tabl awaits y . But hu gry, to see o e o d e e o th s ar un you pal with xhausti n, to know n ot wh ence to procure a m ors el of

e d t o ee d e e e e of br a , n v ry availabl particl strength in order t o minister t o the wants o f the d e o e o d e ar n s ar un you W ll, it is only he who has undergon e such privations that can understand the ir bittern e ss.

Our kind- hearted captain had not forgotten

we e ede d ood and o d e e d t o that n f , r r biscuits

o e be s erve d out . It was t us lik manna in h W h t e d e e . e e ed t e e s rt acc pt biscuits, bl ss

the e God an d e e d ing nam of , h artily thank

h An t e captain . d s oon there was to be he ard only the cheerful mutter of so many m ouths

’ eed r th gr ily g inding e hard ship s biscuits . 1 L K 0 6 OU I S L A R A S .

Adriana alone would not eat . She sat

e the e - e her e e n ar quart r d ck, with lbows r st

on her e e and her e hi h r ing kn s , fac d in e

The e o h r an hands . captain w nt up t e d

e de o e d t o e o e and o o her n av ur nc urag c mf rt .

she e e d e an d o o e But r main sil nt m ti nl ss, and h did not e ve n lift up er h ead. I th e n put my hand on her sh oulder and b egge d her to look up but I did not manage to say much ;

the e e o her e I saw t ars str aming thr ugh fing rs,

n m o a d my voic e failed e . My m ther sat n ed d d ear us . I point with my han to A ri

and o e de d ana, my m th r, un rstan ing my

t e and e to th o ges ur , got up w nt e unf rtunate

he e e o e her she d her girl. S kn lt b f r , lifte

d o her o e e d d e d her e han s fr m f r h a , ri t ars, and spoke t o her words of womanly t enderness

o o and c mf rt .

ef I le ft them , my heart aching with gri I

e on o the o e e e e t o mov d t wards f r castl , th r look at the seawhich our good ship plo ughe d

the o of e up, and on r cks Psara, app aring just h e d of . W e t e ah a us were approaching port, and in a short time we were able to see the

10 8 L OU K I S LA RA S . there whereas at Mykonos the place was

e o e h ealthy an d le ss crowde d . It was ther f r de cide d we should go t o Mykon os . What differe nce did it make t o us Tin os or Mykonos ? All we wish e d for was a har

of e e and o e oo d bour r fug , a h spitabl r f un e r

r d o t o ou e . e which lay h a s Ab v all, that

e o d be no e of ther sh ul Turks within r ach us . At ab out suns e t we hoiste d the anchor and

e d had r set sail . During all this tim A riana e

an e d e main e d mute d buri in sadne ss . N ith er

ur nor o ur de e e e o arrival at Psara, partur th nc , n or the ge n eral m oveme nt an d the hubbub

n o d e d her o th o b ar ship , avail to stir fr m e

o she had le thargy int which plunge d. Eve ry

e e d be e t o her Her thing app ar to strang .

e e e e e d one o d se e her e y s w r fix , but c ul gaz

de e d e was blank . An in scribabl sa n ss was

ed her o her de h er d e pict in l ok, attitu , ve ry

e e e o e to she e h r sil nc . Wh n sp k n , lift d up e

e e o she ed t o d e y s sl wly, as if labour tach

e e o her and sh e h rs lf fr m thoughts, e r plied

slowly and with an effort . If my mother

her d and e ed she took up han car ss it, sub K I L O U S LA R A S . 109 mitted e her d with apathy, and th n han fell

e i on he r nee an d o e i h av ly k s ; my m th r, d s h e d d to de er ef. may , turn e away hi gri Wh ere was that vivacity n ow ? where her

and e e our activity sprightlin ss, which k pt up

and ee ed d the spirits , ch r us on uring first days of our adversity ? From the mome nt she o e e d the doo e and e ed p n r at M sta, app ar

her d e e ed her e nu with hair ish v ll , br ast

o e e d her d e an d o e ed c v r , r ss torn lo s n , I

e nor e n e ve r again saw that smil , h ard that d ch e e rful voice of h ers . In that ark stable

e d o her o an d I h ar n thing but s bs , now I looke d upo n her vacant stare an d sp e echle ss

Th e of her e d e t e d lips . e happin ss lif was s roy by the vile hands from which she tore h ers elf

de t o e d o away in or r sav us . That ishon ur ing touch had withere d the charm of her

o o H r o blo ming y uth . e l veliness was still h e e o o e o . S e th r , but with ut its f rm r gl w was

e be as the o e b autiful still, but autiful fl w r which a crue l hand has snatched from its

e and t o the o d e st m, has flung gr un aft r crushing it . K I 1 10 L OU S L A RA S .

e and Our ship glide d swiftly on . Distanc the gathering darkne ss had gradually hid

o our V e the e of o an d fr m i w cr sts Chi Psara, n th o e of the d th e a d e utlin s islan s in e n an,

a d we e d our ou e o d tow r s which shap c rs , c ul

on the o o e dim just be seen h riz n lik cl ouds .

oo e on d n Night s n cam it was ark, o m oon appe ared but the wind still ble w fair

o e the o s a sp ee ding us al ng ov r f aming e .

e d e an d the e of Fatigu and arkn ss , s nse

the e o of e o o the s e curity, r acti n past m ti ns, — chill of night all this gradually subdued

e the fu itives who o an d ove rcam g , were cr wde d togeth e r on deck . Each tried to cover him s elf up as be st he could m oth ers hid their . little one s in th e ir bosoms ; and old men laid the ir gray h eads on the hard planks of the

The of o e o ship . murmur c nv rsati n was

ed d be e th hush , and nothing coul h ard but e roar of the wave s as they were ploughe d up

th of the the by e sharp bows ship, and

of e e e e the creaking its timb rs wh n v r wind ,

d o h e e t e . freshening, w igh d wn upon sails

o d n ot e e e But I c ul sl p . I sat up, l aning

1 12 L OU K I S L A R A S .

on the e - de I was quart r ck in an instant .

n h r Adriana was ot at e place . S om e of the men we re looking ove r the bulwarks

he s a e the into t e , whil wome n crie d out, “ h e the s a h S e has fall n into e . Save er ! save her The captain gave orders to clue up the ’ the e e e and sails ; ship s pac was slack n d , a b oat th was at once lowe re d. But e wind was n ow

o d an d we had e e d bl wing har , l ft b hin us that unkn own spot wh ere the sinister splash was

first he ard.

e e e ed the Oh, I n v r f lt my hatr of Turks

e o e e o mor v rpow ring than at that m ment . I jumpe d into the b oat b e fore the captain h Th ad time t o stop me. e sailors handle d

e o an d we e e d th th ir ars with a will, r trac e

’ o e W e e e th ship s c urs . k pt sil nt in e hope

of e her e . W e ed d h aring voic cri alou , so as

be e d e e no e . W to h ar . Th r was r ply e

e d the se a d and ed th scann aroun us , watch e

e of e e . not ris ach wav But a sign of life . Pre se ntly a white speck on the surface of the

o u h wate r met my e ye. I p inte d it o t to t e R L O U I S LA R A S . 1 13

w o sailors ; they row again ; e appr ach . It ’ was Adriana s white he ad-dress

W e e e d o o ling r long ab ut that sp t, but

o d be e e o o d b n thing coul s n , n thing c ul e

’ e d e the o to e to h ar , sav captain s rders r turn h t e W e e . e d ship . w nt back I h l in my — hand the white kerchief the sam e one

e on her e which, wh n r turn from Smyrna I

her the e e o e and saw for first tim , I pull d lo s her n h r k r hair fell o e shoulders. That e

o f h r chi ef was all that re mained e . I ke pt

e and e e e e d it th n , I hav sinc tr asur it as a

e e e e e . sacr d r lic , as a ch rish d m morial WHEN amidst the comforts of a London

o e ded d e h us I sit surroun by my chil r n , with so many dear relative s and prosperous

o e e me - e the e o c untrym n n ar , wh n, in nj y

e the e o e an d e - e - da m nt of r p s w ll b ing of to y,

e o e the and o e the I r c ll ct past, I c mpar calm n e ss atte nding the close of my life with the

o o the d n e an d the o of s rr ws, a g rs , privati ns

e e —I e e d how that ventful tim , am mys lf amaz we contrive d to tide over and supp ort such

e how we e e e e e out o e suff rings, v r m rg d of th s

fac l i an cruel trials with our. u t es unimpaired d

d o bo ie s wh le . Ofte n do the reminiscence s of my youth

t m d e and the s e em o e as a r am, appalling d evastation amid which I grew into man

1 1 6 L O U R I S L A R A S .

of n e we e e sp eak his ow woe s . But wh n r st d our e e d e d th e w ari h a s, without e f ar of a

d e d e d e e we swor h l r a y ov r us , wh n sat at the doorstep of a hospitable refuge which n o

’ do o d d e and Turk s sha w c ul ark n , e ach saw

’ his own s orrow reflecte d in his n eighb our s

e e we e e fac , th n b gan to inquir into each

’ o e e e th r s suff rings, and s arch for absent

n relative s a d friends . How ofte n did I not search in vain how o e e e e our ee de ft n, r m mb ring last m ting outsi the e did n ot e e t o e the e chap l , I s k trac fat of those who we re the n of our little circle !

But I could le arn nothing. I thought e sp e c iall of e e of our of y littl D spina, last walk, he r e o e od her e e bitt r f r b ings , and sil nt t ars, and I fanci e d I could still he ar her swee t childish voice They will kill my father ; the y will kill him

e o e e e It was th n , h w v r, I l arnt of many a h eartre nding incide nt in that bloody pe riod — of the history of Chi o of many a fe arful i scene in that nterminable tragedy. Each

own e of woe family had its long tal . Many K I L OU S LA R A S . 1 1 7

ee e son e e ed e o had s n fath r, , wif , slaught r b f re

dr e e e . e e th ir y s Many orphan chil n, sav d an d o o e e ed e e br ught t g th r, wail th ir captiv m others ; many m oth ers sought for th eir d chil re n in vain .

The e e e o of the the cru l r coll cti ns past,

o for de o e de e d or m urning ar n s , mur r car

e d o e the e e of e e the ri int slav ry, bitt rn ss xil ,

n e of the e the e e u c rtainty futur , scarcity v n o f our d e d e de ed e od of aily br a , r n r that p ri

e e d e e e e e e e g n ral isast r unb arabl . N v rth l ss, m ost of us we nt through it st eadfastly ; we

d e and we e e e struggled against a v rsity, m rg d

o the e e fr m strif succ ssfully .

e our o eo e who e een Wh n y ung p pl , hav b

o and e d e d e e b rn br in happi r ays, wh n th y see old men o and o e us still r bust j vial, th y pe rchance he sitate to cre dit the narrative of

f An f w our e e . d e e arly su f rings wh n , in a

e the e e o of our for d e y ars , g n rati n War In

e nd en ce e e d and the p shall hav pass away, re cital of our reminisce nce s by word of

o e e e d our d d e m uth shall hav c as , gran chil r n will not e asily realise with what sacrifices 1 18 L OU K I S LA R A S .

and what torture s their well - being and our

national regeneration have be e n purchase d . There fore I should wish that more of the survivors of that time would write th eir

e o For out of the o i n m m irs . hist ry of dividuals that of nations is forme d ; an d the history of Greek rege neration doe s not consist alone of the mighty deeds of our

sea champions by and by land, but also of the e o th the p rsecuti ns, e massacres , outrages on d e fe nce less and weak creature s ; the ir steadfastne ss amid misfortune s th e ir faith in God e e e d and e , which str ngth n ultimat ly

e ed o b our o of r alis , th ugh it e partially, h p es

e e ab tt r future . For all this let us bl ess the name of God and we o de me n die the e may , l r , with hop that our national aspirations will in the future be e d e e the fulfill in th ir int grity . But may Almighty spare the younger ge nerations of

ee th w our Gr ks e trials e experienced . May martyrdom be acc epted by Fate as an ample e xpiation for all future tim e

e e e e the e e e Whilst I writ th s lin s, r minisc nc s

1 20 L OU K I S LA R A S . time her savage ravisher was expected to re h turn from t e war . But is the re a singl e one o f my old com

ho no d t o e e patriots w has a ve nture s r lat , ofte n surpassing in dramatic incide nt any thing the fertile imagination of the nove list can conceive ? Only the oth er day one of

e e e e e how he e th em r lat d in my pr s nc , th n t n e of a e e e d e the e y ars g , s rv as a slav in

o e of an d how on the da e h us a Turk, , y wh n the e e e the led hostag s w r hung, Turk him by the d t o the e of the ee he han corn r str t , that might witness the procession of thos e martyrs

He o e was . pass by. Am ngst th m his father

an d e e o the saw him, t aring hims lf fr m grasp f h h fl w o t e e e o . Turk, int his arms His

e ed e e d to fath r snatch him up, pr ss him his

o o e — on e e and b s m , gav him a kiss singl kiss , ,

on the o d putting him gr un , thrust him afar

o d e the d fr m him, as if afrai l st chil should be e d him t o the f o d carri along with sca f l .

The oo bo e d e p r y was aft rwar s ransom d, but

’ that last e mbrace of his fathe r s was n e ve r t o

’ be e f ed o e o M l fac fr m his m m ry. yo d frie nd s K I L OU S L A RA S . 12 1

e e dim e and eyes w r with t ars, his voice

e ed he e e d to e falt r as r lat us this, his earli st

recollection in life .

no f Ye t My obj e ct is t to speak o oth ers. how e of i e can I , whil writing my l f , fail to rememb e r that gen eral disaste r which sur round e d us W e all suffere d togeth e r ; the

e of o and the e for ti s c mmon trials, struggl s

e e e ed o e xist nc , mutually sustain us in f rtitud ,

n d a d gradually inspire us with courage .

the d we e dd During first ays f lt as if gi y,

n o f th Th and no o e th ught o e m orrow. e e m otions c onse qu ent upon our flight and our e e e e e e an d the e d o scap w r still r c nt , r a y h spi

the e e of o o o e e tality of p opl Myk n s , t g th r

the o e d t o with little m n y which remaine us,

ffi e f r ur su c d o o mainte nance . But our

e e e oo e e d an d the m ans w r s n xhaust ,

de e e e e o o d c er islan rs , b ing th ms lv s po r, c ul tainl not M e - er y maintain us. is ry was all p

d n an d e e . va i g, th r was but little money about

e e e e we our I r m mb r, aft r had sp ent last d f ucat, my vain e nd eavours to s ell a ring o

’ o my m th er s . It was with much difficulty 1 22 R L O U I S L A RA S .

ee ded n d e that I succ , later o , in fin ing a buy r at Spetzae in the p erson of on e of the most

e f And e e w althy primate s o that island. v n he e e o ed bought it, as I f l c nvinc , simply in order t o help us at a time of sorrow and d e F istr ss . or those who had m on e y th en did not us or purchase j ewels, e ither for e as

e a sp culation .

ee m e how the It now s ms to e a miracl , , in

d of e e we e d mi st that g n ral want, contriv by degrees to find the m eans of livelihood an d

e e o o e who cr at c mmercial e nterprise . Th s

e e or or e e e e took r fug in Russia Italy, ls wh r ,

d e o had t o e ami w althy c mmunitie s , struggl against no such difficultie s in orde r to e arn their bread in the sweat of their brow. But

ee e e o d o o e in Gr c , what valu c ul w rk p ss ss at a time whe n all were poor and needy ?

And e t w d to e ? y e manage liv , but how Two wee ks ago I followed to his last

e n e r st o e of my old frie nds . This w althy

e who e o t o m rchant, has l ft milli ns his

e e e e e e e h irs, I r m mb er him w ll s lling sw t m eats in the still shap eless stree ts of Syra .

12 L O K I 4 U S LA R A S .

our o e o e e k e As to pr p rty at Chi , h av n n w

W ha abs what Turk fe asted upon it . e d o lutel o and e y n thing, it was in vain my fath r unfolded and re folde d the few docume nts he carrie d in his pocketb ook . Amongst the s e papers there was a le tte r

om e e d the da o fr V nic , re ceive y previous t

r e r ou departure from Smyrna . This lett r e porte d the shipment of two cas e s of caps on

o d e e t o e b ar a British v ss l, which was hav touche d at se ve ral p orts b e fore arriving at

. e e o had Smyrna My fath r, whil at Chi , s ent the bill of lading to a friend of his at

and o e e Smyrna, an Ionian, c ns qu ntly an

w had not e e e d English subj e ct . But e r c iv

e o n o o e any answer, and my fath r th ught m r

h Th o e e how f . e e e o t e caps l tt r fr m V nic ,

e d d me of the e and e ve r, r min e circumstanc , o n the se two case s I built up a magnificent structure of hop e s and proj e cts . “ u n e o Yo n ee d ot troubl e yours lf ab ut it,

e For ou e e t o o e said my fath r. if y xp ct c v r

o e ou had e e your head with th s caps , y b tt r make up your mind to go bareheaded . K I L O U S LA R A S . 1 2 5

“ d “ L t e e . e e n e us try, I r pli Th r is o harm in writing .

e e e o e our e d I wrot , th r f r , to fri n at Smyrna, and e ed the e e my fath r sign lett r, requ sting that the caps should be sent to the care of h the British consul at Mykon os . T e worthy

M koniote who e e e ed e y , r pr s nt England, w ar

o d d o d ro ing a cap with a g l ban r un it, p mise d to o d the e e to f rwar l tt r Smyrna, and t o make e very e ndeavour t o recover the two case s.

e ed ed o and My fath r smil incr ul usly, , to

th e e no e o say e truth, th r was gr at pr bability of our venture succe eding afte r the lapse of so o e th e d of e e l ng a tim , in mi st that g n ral convulsion and the almost total interruption

o e d of communicati n, th n ifficult at be st.

o we d e n ot Anyh w , as coul c rtainly procure m eans of subsistenc e by simply awaiting the

e we de ded e o e to e r sult , ci , as a last r s urc , off r our e e to the o o o e e s rvic s Pr visi nal G v rnm nt, n ot of o e o d e o , c urs , as s l i rs, but as empl yés

e e For in som oth r civil capacity. this pur

e it e e ee pos was n c ssary to proc d to Nauplia, 12 6 L OU K I S LA R A S .

or e e th rath r Argos , which was th n e s eat of

Government . But supposing we faile d in this attempt also ? Supposing our s ervice s were not accepted ! W e were sure to find ourselve s in competition with oth ers perhaps

e or ed r c m ore capabl , back by e ommenda

o and e of ti ns patronag , which we were compl e tely d evoid. After turning these things over in our

an d e o e d minds , aft r btaining fri n ly advice a o we e t o h nd informati n, cam t e conclusion that be fore starting for Argos we should arm o urselves with a le tter of recomm endation to

do e e Theo r N gris, who was Principal S e cre

e f and e e of the tary for For ign Af airs , Pr sid nt

and de the o Council, was consi red as piv t

the e o and life of Ex cutive . Such an intr duction could be obtaine d through Ge orge

Mavro enis e e d of e y , an intimat fri n N gris,

o th e n residing at Tin s .

e o h i Many years pr vi usly, after t e trag c

of the d o Mavro enis death Gran Dr gman y , this son of his to ok re fuge at Chio with his

and e . e e sist r Both w r still young, , having

1 2 8 L O K U I S LA R A S .

f - cof ee house still op en . There I obtaine d

e o t o e e o an p rmissi n r st till n xt m rning, d I mad e myse lf snug on a woode n b e nch

e of the e 0 in a corn r tav rn, h ping to go to

e e . o e o e e i sl p Such h p , h w v r , was s oon d s

The e e e pelled . plac was pr s ntly fille d with

Tiniote s who e e e de , w r vi ntly in a fe stive

ood and the e m , night was sp nt in music,

an d d . singing, rinking With what aching of he art I passed that

! e d o e night I saw th m from my ark c rn r, and e d e e h ar th m , but th ir joviality brought

e e and the o of tears to my y s, s und their music reminde d me of wailing and we ep

o e our o ing. I ran v r in my mind all tr uble s

e the e o o o e out and sinc r v luti n br k , I was astounded how these men had the he art to be me rry.

o My anger was no d ubt unjust, and my

o d pretensions unreasonable . Tinos c ul not be e xpected t o look upon the state of affairs

h e had n in t e sam light as Chio . Turks ot

e e d the d nor e e app ar on islan , was th r any fe ar of their landing in order to massacre L K I O U S L A RA S . 129

an e The Tinio d enslav its inhabitants . te s had e ed o e e d and e d of r main unm l st , , inst a

e de e d e hostil hor s , th y saw aroun th m a free

Gre e ce .

e de the e th B si s, R volution was still in e

of e e e e flush its first succ ss s , which w r even th magnifie d by e lively Gre e k imagination . The utte r c ollapse of the insurrectionary m ove ment in Walachia had n ot yet b ecom e

o and e we o fle d e o kn wn , whil at Chi in t rr r, at Tin os they b elieve d Ypsilantis was march

o d an th ing s uthwar in triumph , d that e

’ Sultan s thron e was tott ering ; the conviction was e ve n gene ral that in a very short time we e o e o of o o e might tak p ss ssi n C nstantin pl , so that the Tiniotes might well consider Th the mselve s justifi e d in making m erry. e

é e e re - e oed e caf , m anwhil , ch with th ir patri

o on e d n ow and the tic s gs , vari then by

’ d o e ef o o e e de ke man lin s fusi ns in a m r t n r y.

e de — for the Tiniot s e B si s , in sum , e th m s elve s did n ot lie on a be d of rose s man cann ot wee p for e ve r ; his s oul cann ot

en d e o e Th f ur unbr k n grief. e ne ce ssity o plea K 1 0 L K I 3 O U S LA R A S .

e and o o e we e and sur jy v rpo rs him at tim s ,

e o o e e o e of whil s rr w pr ss s up n him , flash s laughter bre ak through the cl ouds of sad

e e are me n who d e ne ss . Th r elight in gri f

e e and p erp tuat mourning, but such disposi

tions are n ot natural . Nature posse sse s the

o of e o d an d the p wer h aling w un s , he art of

e d the e nd e e e man t n s in towards ch rfuln ss,

e For d i and e e e e. Go n s ks aft r pl asur , dee e e d out of e — e and d , cr at man arth h avy — humid earth but He afte rwards exp ose d

the of the and this clay to light sun, man has retained the vivifying warmth of those rays.

di n o e e d ot o e . That night, h w v r, I so m ralis

had e e e e of e et and I no xp ri nc lif as y , my

ffe e e e e . e on e su rings w r but r c nt Lat r , wh n

f hiot e o o e e most o us C e fugitiv s, c ming t g th r, b e gan t o put up hastily the first huts from which has since sprung the town of

e and Syra, whil war was still raging want

e o e e d d e e for and Oft n ppr ss us, this sir mirth pleasure took poss ession of us ; an d amidst

o of e e ee that c mmunity unhappy xil s , ch rful

1 2 L K I 3 OU S LA R A S .

h f ni e e e ntered t e service o Mavroye s. N ith r h n r ha o e o his siste r d forg tte n my mothe r .

the e o of her e In fact , it was m nti n nam which had open e d the ir h ospitable door t o h o d e of our old e t e p or aught r s rvant. I asked her what had b e come of her

The o e o d no t . fathe r. unf rtunat girl c ul say The y s eparated wh e n a band of Turks had

e o the e o o d our e fall n up n n ighb urh o of tow r,

o an d she fled with the other wome n. G d o nly kne w if her old father was dead or

e e her e e alive . Such w r pitiful r plie s , int r

u t and r p ed by s obs tears. I we nt up the steps with a lighter h e art

' han wh n o th o t e I kn cke d at e door. My h st

' re ce ive d me affably ; he made me stay in

o e he e me the de e d e e his h us , gav sir l tt r of

e o e d o and o d r c mm n ati n , his enc uraging wor s

m o an As fille d e with h pe d comfort. for

e she e e e e d e his sist r, n v r c as inq uiring aft r

o e and the e of an d the my m th r stat Chio,

e of our e cru l sufferings flight. I was charm d

her e e e an d e e d her with sw tn ss, impr ss by b an d e auty d grace ; but I hardly imagine , L K I OU S L A R A S . 1 3 3

d her sh d whilst a miring , that e was e stine d t o occupy a place in the history of our

e o o and d be e r v luti n , that books woul writt n

h r about e . The rem embrance of that kindly re ception o e e o ed o e and on ft n r st r my c urag , many an occasion of difficulty in afte r life it strength e ed e o de e the e n my wav ring c nfi nc in futur . The re comme ndation did not ult imate ly prove ’ of n or did Mavro e ni s o e much avail, y patr nag m m h e e . o o t e e e o h lp But ral supp rt, xpr ssi n o f d o d e d e sympathy, a kin ly w r , a fri n ly smil , comfort the suffering mind m ore than any material aid .

the e of God o e of ood By h lp , such t k ns g will ofte n re fre sh ed me in the course of my

o S o o we o e pr tracte d misery. l ng as pr sp r we have but few opportuniti e s of appreciatin g th r e be n evol ence that is in ou n eighb ours. It is o nly in days of adve rsity that we dis c over how man is naturally pron e t o charity an d o o an d he e e c mpassi n , how much f ls for o e who f h e d e . t e th s suf r After all , wick

r f w on a e e this e arth . 1 L K I 3 4 OU S LA R A S .

e e ed to N xt morning I r turn Mykonos, bearing the letter of introduction ; and a

w d e ee o d fe ays lat r, m ting with a ship b un

r h of we t o fo t e Gulf Nauplia, bade farewell he o e e d an o r t h spitabl littl islan , d u entire h family saile d for t e More a .

1 3 6 L OU K I S L A R A S .

The wind ble w fair wh e n we starte d from

o o oo e and we o d Myk n s ; but it s n f ll , f un

o and ourse lve s in a d ead calm . For h urs hours toge th e r we saw imm ovable in front

f the o of and the use of two o us r ck Syra , ponderous oars did little t o m ove our h e avy

e the d e e e d lugge r. At l ngth win fr sh n again

o d e and the e t o . t war s suns t, sails b gan fill

e the and ed But it bl w from south, push us on t o d we e e An ros. All night through w r on the t o e t de e e e d tack, trying g un r sh lt r b hin

unium and e o e we Cape S , aft r much tr ubl

eeded e da e the ae succ n xt y in r aching Pir us , th ere to take in fresh water. Wh en years late r I again visited the port of ae e ed to me to e Pir us, it app ar hav shrunk

e . e ee e o in siz Th n it s m d enorm us, for it

and two fish was desolate . Our ship small ing b oats were the only craft floating on the

e e of d ed e . e e xpans its un isturb wat rs Th r , on the space now covere d by its marble

the e d o e d o quays, wav s, slowly a vancing, r ll n

e o . e on e e o bar r ck Farth r , wh r a fl urishing

e d out e e town now spr a s , and wh r large manu L K I O U S LA RA S . 1 3 7

factorie s with the ir tall chimn eys have sprung

to be ee e up, nothing was s n but a barr n plain , h f t e very picture o de s olation . A solitary

o e the e o e o con h us by b ach, t tt ring int ruins, tribute d to make the absence o f animation an h d m ovem ent all t e m ore appare nt . Athens was the n b e sieged by the Gre e k

and de e of e d troops, a small tachm nt arm

n — me occupi ed that half ruine d h ouse . But we did n ot e d e h ar any firing at that istanc , nor did we see o e of o e any th r sign h stiliti s ,

o f th ae save that military occupati n o e Pir us . War is a savage busin e ss ! It certainly d oe s not te nd to the improvem ent of human

o e o d e we did no nature . Th s s l i rs saw us

ffi r harm ; the y placed n o di cultie s in ou way. But I was glad whe n our ship m oved off

e e e had e again . Th ir app aranc som thing harsh ab out it ; their very gre etings were

e t rrifying . On the third day of our d eparture from

o o we e e d S etzae the d Myk n s r ach p , win having prevented our sailing into the Gulf o h and f . T d Nauplia e captain lande , , 1 3 8 L O U K I S LA R A S . wearie d with the confinem e nt on board

we o d e and ship, f llowe his e xampl , had the satisfaction of again s etting foot on dry land . W e sat on the rocks by th e outskirts of the o we e e e t wn , and all k pt sil nt , my fath r

had e appearing very downcast . I n ve r s ee n

look s o d e e e d . He ee d him pr ss s me ailing,

n H d but he did ot complain . e only h el his

e d e ee and e e e h a b tw n his hands, his ey s w r i heavy and d m.

W e e e o e e e e on w w r al n th r , but farth r e could see the bustle and m ovem ent of the Th townsfolk on the beach . e harbour was

and o o ed full of shipping, our b at lay m or

the the e the on rocks, awaiting r turn of captain .

My e yes were fixed on the little craft . I was thinking what would b e com e of us if my father were take n ill and I reme mb ered our

o an o o e e t wer d his c mf rtabl quart rs in it,

tzi when I saw a young Spe ot e approach . “ ” e o e e e he . W lc m , Christian br thr n, said Do you com e from Chio

1 0 L K 4 OU I S LA R A S .

h o e to e e d. C m my hous , sai My father was kille d fighting ; my m other die d soon afte r him ; and my house is now d e ed o ou e e . s ert . Stay in it as l ng as y pl as ” o e C m . W e acce pte d with e motion the offe r of

ood and e e o o that g g n r us man . Fr m that m om e nt he b e came the staunch est of frie nds for m W e . e have since b e e n like brothers t o one o e and our e d e ed an th r, fri n ship r main

d e d t o the o of d e few un isturb h ur his ath, a

H d d of o e a o. e e o y ars g i full h n urs , having prove d himself a m ost worthy and upright e of o o in and s rvant his c untry, b th war in time of pe ace . W e now move d to the hous e of our new

e d and oo o e o of o fri n , t k p ss ssi n its spaci us and o o e o M e oo c mf rtabl ro ms . y fath r s n b egan t o fe el his stre ngth fail him . Perhaps h o e e nd o an d he did n ot e f r saw his appr ach , wish t o die without s ecuring t o his widow

He did and his orphans th eir daily bre ad. not give e xpre ssi on to such fore bodings but that same day he urge d me to proceed K I L OU S LA RA S . 141

o o de and u to Arg s with ut lay, making se of the e e of e o e l tt r r c mm ndation, solicit from

e o e e N gris s m mployment . Two days later I landed at the Mills of

and e e o e ede oo o Nauplia, th nc I pr c d on f t t A rgos. Our Spe tziote fri end and the captain were

e e and p rf ctly right. Their words my first impre ssions at the Piraeus had already pre pare d me for what I was about t o witne ss ; but at the Piraeus I had s ee n only in

now e e d o d miniature what I b h l . I f un

n m The mys elf in a world quite ew to e .

o d of o e e th usan s warri rs in fustan llas , th ir

e o e de e e o haughty dem an ur, th ir ru xpr ssi ns, the contemptuous looks with which th ey

e d e e of me e m easur v ry inch , th ir abrupt

e t o m d e the o e and r plie s y timi inquiri s, n is th o e e an d the o o of the e m v m nt, c nfusi n d m o e e . e camp, all this tr ubl C rtainly this

n f r o and was o place o w men children . I myself fe lt that I was n ot in a congenial

e n atm osph re I was ot in my e le ment.

’ e M vr is d Wh n at last, a oyen letter in han , L K I “ 142 OU S L A R A S .

I succeede d in p en e trating into the min

’ i r e e and e o e me d ste s pre s nc , saw b f r , stan

of h de e ing in front a igh sk , an ugly littl

was t e and e e man, I ak n aback, I h sitat d t o belie ve that this was the principal

of e the e an d Se cre tary Stat , gr at re nowne d

e odo e e He r Th r N gris . was busy w iting, and while waiting with the letter in my h d e ed t e e e o d me. han , I xamin sc n ar un — The little room was full of books books o n the e oo on the o the tabl , b ks chairs , bo ks on

box oo e e e e and in e strong , b ks v rywh r ; th ir

d e the de and e ris ood mi st ros high sk, N g st H e e e e . by it writing. was v n short r than I

I am convince d no fe eling of s elf-love misled m o e e e int this stimat .

o e d and e I l ok at him, I thought to mys lf, now e e he de e e e , th r is ; a puny, ugly, f nc l ss looking man ; and ye t the y all obey him

o e o and he o e th se savag warri rs, g v rns them . Why ? Because he is th eir sup e rior in in

ll c n o t e e t a d e ducation . Inte lle ct cann t be calle d into existence but one may b e come

o th f od le arne d . G od s e nse is e gift o G ;

K 144 L OU I S LA R A S .

m ew he que stioning e what I kn , and what

. I« e ed could do for me . f lt I blush as I atte mpted to e num erate my accomplish

e and t o e e the d e e t o m nts, xpr ss sir obtain a cl erkship under him . “ ” e e d he e had do e V ry w ll, sai , wh n I n ;

“ e ee d of o ve ry we ll . I hav n y ung men

and e such as you, I shall giv you a suitable

'

we e e o e . post. But must first s ttl d wn a littl

w e au lia and oo Wait until e tak N p , the n l k ” in again . Wait till Nauplia is take n ! I le ft utterly

d for th dispirite . Why, e last thre e w eeks th e y had conside re d the capitulation of the th fortress as certain, and e ple nipotentiari e s of the b e siegers were already inside Nauplia

o the e e ed men neg tiating t rms, whil arm gathere d from e very part of the surrounding o the o e of e e e c untry, in h p c l brating, ach in

own e of the his fashion , this fr sh triumph

e e Yet the had n ot Gr k arms. Turks sur e de e d and - on r n r , Dram Ali was his way from Northern Gre e ce at the h e ad of a

o e The o of e p w rful army. rum ur his progr ss K I L O U S LA RA S . 145

d e d and had e d e to southwar spr a , alr a y b gun

' e the o d e e of ou de shak c nfi nc many our si .

e e e the e e d d Such, at l ast, w r n ws I h ar uring

’ Th d e of my two days s oj ourn at Argos . e ti e ve nts se em ed to be turning against us ; and b eing still swaye d by my impre ssions

of e e e d i to e . Chio , I b cam a r a y v ctim f ar How was I to forese e the n or h ope that Colocotronis would annihilate Dram -Ali at

D erve naki ?

h o d e o ; On t e s ec n night, whil t ssing sle ep le ssly over the hard boards which s e rve d as

b d de nd to a e , I ma up my mi as what I

n ot de ned for the e should do. I was sti lif

o e e o . of camps . C mm rc was my v cation

e o e e d the N xt m rning I r pair to Mills, where I was lucky e nough to find a ship

' d to for S etzae an d oo rea y start p , I t k my passage acc ordingly.

e e e e e d I hav n v r sinc visit Nauplia , but the stern rock of Fort Palamidi re mains im

e d ou d o e h print my min , as it v rshadowed t e

e e e e of e e d e the vall y, wh r thick ts r s f nce in

o e of e e the c urs a littl str am , with town 1 6 L K I 4 OU S LA RA S .

e d e o on he of spr a ing b l w, t walls which I h could see from afar t e cre scent wave . At Spetzae I found b oth my pare nts and

e d e H my sist rs lai up with sickn ss . ow much we the n again fe lt the abs ence of poor Adriana ! How ofte n we all thought of her

who had n ow de e of It was I to un rtak ,

h e of h t e t e . be n ece ssity, car all family I cam e at on e and the same time chamb e r

- d e oo . The oo mai , sick nurs , and c k g d housewive s of our neighbourhood were — amaz ed to se e a man c ontrary t o all the — usage s of the island stoop t o such femi nine

o and e o e e e ed w rk, th ir th ughts w r b tray by the contemptuous smile s with which th e y accompanied their obliging offers of assist

ance.

o un e the e o e an F rt at ly, illn ss of my m th r d sisters was but the te mporary result of moral

n o o and fe w d a d physical pr strati n , in a ays they one after the oth er le ft their b e ds . But my father was not d e stin ed to recove r. I

The so cannot say what was his illne ss .

le d d o o we had e o e to cal oct r wh m r c urs , as

1 K I 48 L OU S LA R A S .

o o o o how to e e e past c mf rts, th ught nly r li v

f e and how to e os his su f rings sav him, if p

our o e d e ed da sible . But h p s isapp ar y by da the o d d of de e e ed t o y, as c l han cay s m od spre ad over his b y.

ne e e d o e o O night I r main al n by his pill w, having with much difficulty prevaile d upon my m oth er t o take some rest in the adj oining oo e had o o r m . My fath r sunk int a t rpor,

ee e e ee . e which s m d lik sl p I sat n ar him,

d o e d and e with my han s cr ss , whil watching a him my mind straye d away into s d thoughts. The sick-room was lit up only by the candle

e o e the e d o and the burning b f r sacr ic ns, d night was pe rfe ctly still . Sud enly I fancied

e d o e o de and I h ar an unusual n is utsi , talk

h o h do t e e e . e t t e ing in str t I cr pt win w, and e the e d half op ning shutt r, I istin

uish h o n d of m n g ed t e m vi g sha ows e . I

' dare n ot throw ope n the window for fear of wh e o e e e d e o . awaking my fath r, s m r p sing But I trie d to list en t o what th e y were say

id e o d not e . d d ing I h ar, but I c ul un r

for e o e The stand, th y sp k in Albanian . L K I S O U L A R A S . 1 49

‘ d A rmaza o e e o e r wor , h w v r, which was ft n e

eate d o ed o . e e p , ar us my suspici ns Pr s ntly

the d oo e e and the do disa rs w r shut, sha ws p

eared e e e e e d t o me e p , b aring, as th y s m , cas s

and a on e e s cks their should ers . Sil nc again

e ed e e the o d A rmata re r ign supr m , but w r

o sounded in my e ars . I kn ew e n ugh to

d to un erstand it m eant a fl eet . But which fl e e t did th e y refe r ? I waite d impatie ntly

for the da not ow t o of y, kn ing what think it

an e o d d e d o . all, r a ing fr sh c mplicati ns I was involuntarily reminded of that first night

e the - e of the at Smyrna, wh n war cri s Turks ha d wake ne d me . Towards dawn my mother returned to he r

o the e d de of our e an d e p st by b si pati nt, s nt m d f e e to e . e o o e r st But inst a g ing to sl p, I

h W o quickly le ft t e h ous e . e were its nly o for our d- e e d o e d on ccupants, kin h art h st liv

o th of the board his ship . Fr m e e xtremity

o e e our o e d e de d t o t wn , wh r h us lay, I e sc n

d the o and o e d met war s p rt, , as I appr ach , I with incre asing animation and moveme nt .

red I inqui what it all was about, and I was 1 0 L OU K I S 5 LA RA S . informed that on the island of Hydra they

e o -fires had lit up b ac n at nightfall . ” And what do the be acons signify? I asked “ That a Turkish fleet is de scending to ward us . The Spetziotes had alre ady transported on

o d e e e and b ar th ir ships all th ir valuabl s,

e e d th w re making r a y, in case e Turks did

e e e in fact approach , to mbark th ir wom n ’ an d e e e the e e childr n . Th y kn w n my s

e e flee t was pow rful and num rous, and

e e x o they w r an i us about their homes , but they had eve ry confide nce in the ir floating fo e e rtr ss s . In the port I met some of my compatriots

had z e who taken re fuge at Spet ae. Th y also

e e e d for e e e e w r making r a y scap . A v ss l

o e e de ? fr m Mytil n , un r Russian flag, was a e on the o de of the nchor d ther si island , and they had se nt to negotiate for a passage

e off to Ancona. Th y ered to take us with

e e th m . But how could we leav How

e f th of mov my ather, who was on e point

1 52 L OU K I S LA R A S . d o - e met the do o who or st ps I ct r, was com ing in .

W e e e e d e d he hav scap it, my fri n

oo h crie d ch eerfully as s n as e saw me . But his e xpre ssion was at once change d on se eing th o e an d o e o e e tr ubl I was in , l w ring his v ic , he e d How he e u inquir , is g tting on p stairs

i n d d ot e oo e d. I r ply, but sh k my h a

o e th I supp s it is all his fright at e Turks .

e e e e e e and e are But th y hav b at n a r tr at, w

e saf .

e o the e and e m I l ft him g ing up st ps, I w nt y

w o e e . e way ith a light r h art At l ast , I th ught

e he die e e an d the to mys lf, will in p ac , Turks will allow us t o m ourn him undisturb e d .

’ The d octor s words brought back to my

d the o of on and all min h rrors Turkish invasi , the consequ ence s which would have resulte d from the ir pres ence on the island and

e e d on e d God be whil I hurri , I pray it might true inde e d that we we re spare d from the e o e e t rr rs of th ir app arance . Whe n I returne d with the prie st my father L OU K I S LA RA S . 1 53

e o i still breathed heavily. Onc nly d d he o e e e and oo e o e e d re p n his y s, his l k b t k n cognition of us ; but he could not utter a

o d and he e e His re w r , again shut his y s .

o e o e d and he e e e d spirati n gr w m r ifficult, s m t o e for of e The do or suff r want br ath . ct

e d on the be d and o e lift him , my m th r

o ed o le pr pp him up with pill ws, whi I cut

o e o we his shirt p n with a pair of sciss rs , that

e e e e to e e d ! might giv som r li f his w ari lungs . What was the se ntime nt which th e n m ove d my father in his last agony ? Why did he o an o e d fr wn d m v his han , as if wish ing t o preve nt his shirt being torn ? That incident re maine d indelibly impre ssed on

d and e e o my min , I r v rt to it inv luntarily wh en ever I think of the vanity of the things

! e had of this world . Such is man D ath

e d e d and the alr a y spr a its black wings , last

o e e e e e a h ur, t rnal r st , darkn ss its lf, was p

roachin . Yet the d ood p g ying man , that g , o old e d d l ving man, instinctiv ly wave his han , that he might save the bit of lin en which covere d his bosom K S 1 54 L OU I L A R A S .

- o Me His death agony c ntinu ed all day. an while the Turkish fle et moved away to the

The d e ed o o e south . ang r pass away fr m v r

S etzae and the de e e e . p , islan rs w r again qui t Towards nightfall my father bre athe d his

’ a e da o d o e l st. N xt y I s l my m th r s ring, and we burie d our b elove d dead in a humbl e and tombless grave .

the th f 1 8 2 2 It was s o July . Such dates ar e never forgotten.

1 6 L O K I 5 U S LA R A S . burial I had le ft to me a little money out of the o e ed the e f h pr c s of sal o t e ring. It

d ffi e was an insignificant sum, har ly su ci nt — for our de parture from Spetzae a plan I

to o imm e diate ly b egan c nside r.

S e tzae not the e for me p was plac . Busi

e e e o de e of n ss r quir s an r rly stat things ,

nd ho s ecurity a quietn e ss . But w could the se ele ments of social prosperity prevail

e d e her e s on that h roic islan whil citiz n ,

' sacrificing both the ir live s and th eir property

t e the foe in he un e qual struggl against , n ece ssarily contracted the habit of de spising

fe and of e o e e and e o e li , s tting vi l nc might b f r right an d justice ? Such were the natural c n f o onseque ce s o those time s . With ut a

re- e o o o o p xisting s cial rganisati n , with ut a

o o e e o e re str ng G v rnm nt, with ut r gular

or e e the insur source s, any paramount c ntr , e o e e e e d o e e d r cti n n ev rth l ss spr a and pr sp r ,

f a e thanks only t o individual e forts n d sacrific s .

And the d o e o o o e in mi st of th s c nvulsi ns, f rc was e e and the o d o e d d supr m , sw r imp s in i

' u “ h T e e de e e . vid al will . struggl was sp rat Its U K I S L O LA RA S . 1 57 — watchword Liberty or Death was no

no o For o o e . idle b ast, p mp us phras it was we ll known in advance how the Turks would

e e e e o e o e o The act if r sistanc w r nc v rc m e . fate of Chio was a terrible warning to Spetzae

and the e d . Men e e o e oth r naval islan s , th r f r ,

e e le d on de e and w r by spair in that struggl ,

‘ the o e o e e e e d so to wh l atm sph r br ath , say,

e savage cru lty. Such a condition of things was not favour

e W ho o d able to comm e rc . tr uble himse lf the n with police an d courts of law ? In

f so ood e d the e pre se nce o much bl sh , v ry value of life had falle n in common e stima

ne da Ra use ne de tion . O y a g tra r was

e d the e - e on o of kill in mark t plac , acc unt a squabble with his custom ers over the h h d ch oice of t e sardin e s e sol . That inci dent e fface d any h e sitation I may still have had as to the advisability of our leaving

S etzae and de d de e p , I ma up my min finit ly

we o d t o o e t he that w ul return Tin s. Th re

e e e e d e inhabitants w r l ss warlik , mil e r in th ir

e e e e e habits, lif g n rally was asi r, and , thanks 1 8 L O K I S 5 U LA RA S,

to Mavroyenis and the many re fugees from

o d o de e e a Chi , I shoul c nsi r mys lf l ss of

e stranger at Tinos than lsewhere.

W e th e re fore took - l eave of our good host

e and with much aching at h art, we quitte d the

’ d of S e tzae an d e r e e islan p my fath r s g av th re . At Tinos I hire d a small and modest

e o s e e dd — h hous . I b ught om b ing t e only furn iture which our reduce d balance of cash — p ermitted us to indulge in and I left the re st to Provide nce .

e are e e ve and. Th y t rribl things, po rty want,

o e o o e e i c ming aft r a c mf rtabl x stence . Still m ore cruel is the uncertainty about the bread of the morrow e one , wh n has to look afte r

ed o e and e of e de e an ag m th r sist rs t n r y ars . An d yet man gradually gets accustomed to

r i eve yt h ng . Wh en I was still bargaining with the land

d f the o e e ed he e lor o h us , I r mark that wor a n w d e e th e cap, but I pai no furth r att ntion to e da m t e . e e e e matt r N xt y, how v r, I a Tinian who had evide ntly tre ate d himse lf likewise t o a new cap ; a fe w steps farth e r I made the

1 60 L O K I S U L A R A S . of W e e o e e r de him ith xpr ssi ns of sinc r g atitu ,

’ an o e the d I return e d to Tinos . F rtunat ly

o e e e o f winds favoure d th s p r grinati ns o min e .

d o de r for On lan ing at Tin s, I ma st aight the British C onsulate . I cannot re colle ct the name of the good Old Tiniote who at that time repre sented there the might and power of E ngland but I . re me mb er his clean - shave n fac e and his gold spe ctacle s f He showed me the account of the sale of the and he e t o me th o caps, hand d on e sp t the ne t o ee d a o fi pr c s, m unting to ve thousand ! piastres . Five thousand piastre s ! That wretche d littl e sum appeared t o me wealth inexh aust

e . e d e e t o e the ibl I car n ith r ch ck account , nor see how far it might have b e e n possible t o do e e the of th oo Th b tt r with sal e e g ds . e sum hande d to me was an un exp e cted re

o e o e ed u t o me the e s urc , which p n p car er f o o e e . c mm rc I was now a capitalist, in posse ssion of five thousand piastre s ! I rushed t o my m oth er to impart t o he r the news o f

ou for ounds rlin Ab t ty p ste g. K I 16 1 L O U S L A RA S .

ur ood o e o e d her e e o g f rtun ; I sh w my tr asur ,

e d for he r e an d of o e I ask bl ssing, , full h p s f and o e e d or two d e . pr j cts, I sail Syra ays lat r Large ships did not touch at Tin os for want of a harb our ; but the y went on t o

o o de e d e e the Syra, which p rt was c nsi r v n by

e The o Turks as n utral . Cath lic inhabitants of that island had take n no part in the insur

e o and did n ot e e e o e r cti n , v n r c gnis its

the of the o e - e e xiste nce . On summit c n lik

on the o the e hill , which t wn was built, whit flag of France repre s ente d the protection

an ed The o e th e y had sought d obtain . wh l p opulation of the island was confine d t o those who lived on that ste ep and barre n h the e e of o d n ow illside . Over xt nt gr un covered by the we althy city of H e rmou

o n d e se e e o o o e . p lis , coul th n bar r cks nly On the very sp ot wh ere the band now e u

e the e - fla ed e de and liv ns marbl gg splana , where the ladies of Syra trail their long silk

ow o e e de an d e g ns, s m small cabbag gar ns a f w fruit tre e s b e toke ne d the industrious habits of the poor islanders The only buildings M 1 62 L O U K I S LA R A S . n ear the sea w ere thre e or four wine -store s

nd o . e to e e a a small cath lic chap el N xt th s , the y had lately put up on the b each a mise r

e e é e e d o e abl littl caf , which s rv als as a hot l,

o n - o e an d e e as a c unti g h us , as an xchang .

e on e e the d n d Farth r , wh r shipbuil i g yar s now e e d and e e the e ed of xt n , wh r m asur ring the e e e the e e the hamm r nliv ns sc n , carcass of a shipwre cke d m e rchantman covered the

e for the d e solate shore . Such was Syra wh n first time I and two or three othe r Chiot es the pione e rs of the future comme rcial de — velopment of that island had take n up our ode the o é the ab in s litary caf , awaiting

of o e e on the e d arrival s m ve ss l, chanc of oing busin e ss in its cargo . It was not long b e fore a ship arrive d from

th o Russia. That was e first transacti n in

had to e th e and which I tak e initiativ , which

to o o e e no o er I was carry thr ugh al n , b ing l ng guide d by the advice an d e xperience of my

oo e e e d e o d p r fath r. I tr mbl l st I sh ul risk my

o bad e d the capital in s me ve nture . I visit goods on board the ships a third and a

1 64 L OU K I S L A R A S . me to de d and to e put asi my ignity, und r h f d take personally t e sale o my goo s .

e e e of - fish He re I was , th n, r tail r salt in

oo o on ope n marke t . I t k up a suitable p st h e de the e and e t e small splana by j tty, I b gan with s ome timidity at first t o invite custo

e e e et e m rs . It was still v ry arly, y buy rs

e e o d o w r not wanting ; my fish f un fav ur,

n the e and business we nt o briskly. As sal

o e e d ot o ed to the o pr gr ss , I g accust m w rk th of e oo o e o of me e fervour succ ss t k p ss ssi n , and e d on e and e the urg my z al ; , mulating e e of e e me e d xampl thos n ar , I prais my

ood and e d o e so t o d g s rais my v ic , as raw th custom ers. Thus I soo n overcame e first

f e an timidity o g sture d awkwardn e ss. While I was still in the h e at of the busi

e e d o e e e e o of n ss , I h ar a n is som wh r in fr nt me and oo the o e , , l king up, I saw in h us opposite a-fair- haire d maid e n o pe n the win d ow and the e e e e fix shutt rs, which w r b ing

e e d the d the batt r by win against wall . This done she o de d he r on the e d e , f l arms l g , and e o e d her e t o , l aning f rward, turn fac L O U K I S L A RA S . 165

H r o m d me. e o o e d e and war s l ks tr ubl ,

o e do d Ho w my c mm rcial ar ur was paralyse . could I cry out and call for custom wh e n the e ye s o f so fair a girl were on me ? I trie d to go on with my work ; but my

o e e the do and e e th ughts w r in win w, th r my oo e e o e d e e d e e se e l ks w r ft n ir ct . Pr s ntly I her e ? she smil . Why that smile Is making fun of me ; or is it a sign of re cognition ? I felt agitate d ; a blush came ove r my ch ee ks ; and no longe r paying d ue atte ntion t o o e t o e what I was ab ut, I gav a buy r

th of he had f r d ouble e quantity fish paid o .

oo d o e e d e and e d I s n isc v r my mistak , turn o d to him e the doo r un call back , wh n, at r

e of the o e e d me saw o st p h us b hin , I a y ung Tiniote l e aning with his shoulde r against the

e on an d e d wall , his arm b nt his waist, his h a

d the d turne d towar s win ow opposite . His m amorous glanc e s we re a revelation t o e . The rays which b eam e d from the e ye s of the fair maide n passe d clean ove r my he ad ;

e e e n ot e for m e nor o d th y w r m ant , c ul I

to h r have any claim e smile s . L OU K I S L A R A S .

m r The le sson was not lost upon e . I e

do and sum ed my work with my form er ar ur,

n went o s elling . In two days I had dispose d of my stock of

o e er e and fish with a pr fit of tw nty p c nt, I

ff e was again o to Syra. I r turne d with a

o e of o e oil ot rid of c nsignm nt liv , which I g ,

o o f r re alising a pr fit e ight pe cent . I ne xt inve sted in caviar with e qual succe ss ; and so o ed o e o e I c ntinu my p rati ns v ry briskly . Profits gre w more moderate as competition incre ase d ; but my lab ours continued to be

e e o e ed and few w ll r c mp ns , in a months ,

e and re o aft r maintaining our family, st ring a ce rtain amount o f comfort within our humble

o e had d o o h m , my capital alre a y gr wn fr m fi ve to e ight thousand piastre s . Since that tim e I have realise d many

o and e e d o . pr fits, I hav sustain many a l ss

t o God the ed de of m oo Thanks , cr it si y b ks

e e d e of the d e so has always b n in a vanc bit , that I have now the satisfaction to kn ow that my labo urs have assure d a comfortable

th e e xistence t o my childre n . But e swee tn ss

1 68 L O U K I S LA R A S . with which I close d my balance - sheets

For the o of e c ease d . accumulati n rich s is

f e de not in itse lf a s ourc e o happin ss . In

n d nce o d be the e pe e , that is what sh ul tru an d healthy mainspring o f the e xertions of a

- hard working man . I was n ot the n the only young Chiot who was striving how t o produce a unit out of

o n and how o e o o . n thi g, to c nv rt two int f ur

e o e o c om Th e re w re many th rs , with wh m mon misfortune an d daily inte rcourse in the

e - e of o or the d e o e e mark t plac Tin s , s lat b ach

of had o me o o . Syra, br ught int c ntact Amongst th e se was the b e troth ed of my e d e e who had o e e e l st sist r, als tak n r fug at Th o e od e o f e . e Tin s, aft r an yss y suff rings affiance d of my yo unge r siste r was made a

e t he and n o one had e slav by Turks , sinc

h f o h eard what ad b ecom e o him . I als was

e o e d o d ood e e b tr th fr m chil h , but I b cam a

do e e o e e o e d e wi w r b f r marriag , my pr mis wif

d a An d th e d of having die ye ars go. whirlwin the revolution broke upon us b e fore my fath e r ha f d time to arrange a fre sh match or me . L O U K I S L A R A S . 169

th f Such were e customs o Chio . Each family was anxious to form alliance s with its e an d o e e e d the quals, as ch ic was r strict , compe tition for suitable partie s b e gan at an

a The o e e of e arly ge . arist cratic xclusiv ne ss

who e ed and th ow those int rmarri , e narr

of o o e e e limits Chi t s ci ty, n c ssarily brought about in the e nd marriages b etwe e n near relative s. I have n o de sire to commend that prac

e of our e — the e e t o tic fath rs arly b r thals, wh ere by the y the mse lve s s e ale d the most

o o e o the o imp rtant c ntract in lif , with ut kn w f h l edge or conse nt o t e intere ste d partie s . Still th ey might ple ad in the ir justification h f The o t e succe ss o such match e s . y ung

e o e e e o o d ood the p pl w r br ught up fr m chil h , one so t o for the o e and o , say, th r ; c njugal attachme nt was pre ce ded by a long acquaint h e and t e of de o o . anc , habit mutual v ti n

e o e s e od o f o Marriag , c ming aft r thi p ri a l ng

e o had o e th - n of. e e e b tr thal , n n h art b ati g, n one of that re ciprocal unacquaintance as to the o e of of the past, n n that uncertainty 1 6 L O K I S 7 U LA R A S .

e e o e e futur , which accompani s l v match s as a

e . e e ed for and e d rul Lif was pr par , pass with out viole nt e motions nor did this d h e f iminish t e qui t happine ss o famili e s. But unde r the altered circumstance s of our pre se nt national life this old custom would o d e e e e do e o th nly g n rat , as it has n , int e o de o of e e e o e and c nsi rati n mat rial int r sts al n ,

o e o of do so int qu sti ns wry, that I shall not be se e o e d sorry to it ab lish .

de e e e d Be si s, v rything has chang with us

o e men e e since that time . The n y ung r w r guide d by those advanced in years an d this

o n an d the y c nsidered but atural, a thing not

o U de d admitting of discussi n. n r that isci

e and o e o e plin , living in such cl s uni n , famili s

e e o and e e e ed b cam str ng, th ir pow r was incr as

e e by the tie s of those int ermarriage s. H r in lie s one of the e xplanations of the succe ss of

Chiote s n ot o the e e of e , nly in manag m nt th ir

the e o o municipal affairs b e fore r v luti n , but also o f the ir comme rcial organisation afte r the d e struction o f Chio.

e we had et Howbe it, at that tim not y

1 72 L O U K I S LA RA S .

for e an d her two making us in all hast , in my

e o o W e d t o partn rs, m ti ning ith th ir han s , stay

our d e e . o o de e partur C ming al ngsi , th y brought us the disagre e able n ews that the plagu e had broke n out on b oard a ship which had come from Constantinopl e t o

o o one of the of o Pan rm s, small bays Tin s, and that information o f this e ve nt had alre ady bee n transmitte d from Panormo s t o

e o d n ot Syra, so that it was certain th y w ul e e f r f th e d e nor r ce iv us there o fe ar o e pi mic, could the y p ermit c ommunication with Tino s t I t ' was o e e e o e d o continue . c ns qu ntly r s lv

o d d e an d off that I sh ul is mbark , put my de parture till the fe ars of e pidemic we re

U o e h com e d. t e e allay nf rtunat ly, plagu was municat ed o the s to the de fr m hip islan rs, and although it was ne ither se rious nor very de d e t f e t o e the a ly, y it was su fici nt fright n all

d d an d surroun ing islan s, to shut us up at

Tinos .

our e e ed our o Thus plans w r frustrat , ass ciation e ed and e ed o was wr ck , I r main with ut o e o ed the ccupation . My nf rc inactivity was K I L OU S LA RA S . 1 73

ed o e the o e e m ore t ious, c ming aft r m v m nt and animati on of the last few months.

e e e we e d e e In oth r r sp cts, liv v ry qui tly at

o nor did the e of the an d the Tin s, f ar Turk tumult of war disturb our thoughts as form e rly .

n e da e e the e of O y, how v r, in b ginning

o e ee e d the of Oct b r, it s m as if turn Tinos had o e an d the c m at last, that black wings of t e e o e d o calami y w r again v rsha wing us . But now I bre athe d in a m ore manly atmo

and U e d th sph ere , my spirit was ph l by e

e of o e o d me . e e o e e xampl th s ar un Th r f r ,

d of of o e inste a thinking flight, I als prepar d

e and t o to r sist fight . The sea be twe e n Syra and Mykonos was

e ed wrth e e e ed cov r Turkish ships, th r b calm

W e the f n for many hours . saw b oats o o e

f e e for the s o e of o o th m mak h r s Myk nos .

r e e d an d d the o Fi ing nsu , ami st sm ke we could mak e out the b oats re turning to the

e e o e e ship. Th s m v m nts app e are d like the

e e of o e ed d n and of pr liminari s a pr j ct lan i g,

the e e The e an attack by fl t . church b lls at 1 L OU K I S 74 LA RA S .

e e e e e set th Tinos w r th r for ringing, e island

e rs to and e e ran arms, v n I le nt a hand in

old and m oving an gun , placing it in position

on o e — e a pr min nt hill Cap Pacha, as it was

calle d.

we had and But no cannon balls , confine d

e t o o e ourse lv s burning p wd r, by way of

and th n me nacing braving e Turks . A d

on an d standing that hill, busying myself t no e e ed t o h o purpos , I list n t at vain firing, an oo e d o the d l k up n Turkish ships, thinking all the while of our past misfortun e s during th o o an d e flight fr m Chi , anxiously awaited the re sult . Luckily the fortitude of the men of Tinos was not put t o a m ore s evere te st The

oo no o e nor di h Pacha t k n tic of us, d e

e to the M koniote s o att mpt punish y , alth ugh the y had kille d some of his men during the

f o f repulse o his b ats . Taking advantage o

h e d he oo e d t e fresh ning win , s n disapp are

ur from amidst o islands . From that day we we re no more dis

r deed we e t u bed. In might almost hav

L K I OU S LA R A S .

The d e of the now e e d thir y ar war comm nc ,

while the almond - tre e s of Tin os were be ing

o e d e o cl th in th ir spring bl ssoms . Impa

e o an ti nt with l ng inactivity, d livi ng on

o an d o e o th ughts pr j cts, I c nce ive d the ide a of proce e ding t o Chio an d trying t o re cove r

the e e we had ed our de tr asur buri in gar n .

’ I calle d t o mind my fath er s words wh e n we had don e covering over the sacks in the

tre nch unde r the apple - tre e He had de parte d this life an d I remain ed the prot ec

t r and o of the and the re o supp rt family, c overy of that re se rve fund might facilitate ’ now o e ri e e b th my sist rs mar ag , and p rhaps

my j ourn ey to Europ e also . The m ore I turn e d the matte r over in my

d the o e the de e to e e oo o min m r sir r alis it t k r ot, and the e laboration of my proj ect occupie d

o and me o . o e c nstantly I th ught of it al n , ,

e e or e d e of e e o . asl p awak , I r amt its x cuti n S ome of my compatriots had alre ady gone

o e e an d had e e d e and to Chi s cr tly, r turn saf

The o e e e had o de sound. auth riti s th r r rs from Constantin ople to favour the return - of K I S 1 L OU L A RA S . 7 7

and n ot d r e Christians , to istu b th m . Such

o o an d th e was my inf rmati n, e xperie nce of

who had those returned encourage d me . I th ere fore communicate d my intentions t o my

o e who e the o e d e e m th r, , f aring w rst, tri by v ry

m eans t o dissuade me . But my re solve

e . d e e was unshak n I saw all its ang rs cl arly, and I owne d that the ente rprise was a re ck

e one e e e e r e l ss . But an irr pr ssibl impuls spu r d me on e e o an d d n o e to its x cuti n, I pai h ed ’ o t o my m other s rem nstrance s . I d elivere d

her e e o e e e f r to k ping my small f rtun , b gg d o her e and e d e e bl ssing, I l ft isguis d as a p asant . The caique on which I took passage had a cargo of wheat to dispose of in s ome of the

o e o o of o and the m r utlying p rts Chi , maste r,

K e hala o ed d me n Captain p , pr mis to lan o

e o e he m e some saf sp t . Wh n saw app ear on board in my large white trouse rs and my

’ e and e d t p easant s v st, arm with wo little

f r d he e o e ed e . k gs caviar, laugh h artily I

o e d the e o j in in laught r, but I c nfess I th e n b e gan t o think m ore of my m oth er than of the e e de the - tr asur un r apple tree . THE d the r win blew from south, and ou caique

e d on ood d o bound , making g way towar s Chi . But as night advanced the rapidity of its

e e de e e d in mov m nts, un r a fr sh ning win ,

e to d e e de cre as d a isagr eabl gre e . Those who kn ow the n e an must have experi ence d how trouble some the s outherly wind can b e come

f r th th e re . Th e n o e first time I was ove r

o - p wered by seasickness. Lying stre tch ed

the e -de e the e and on aft r ck , I f lt ship ris

e me and th f the fall und r , I heard e n oise o sea e de e the angrily b ating against its si s, whil

e e e d o o the d e d wav s simm r int f am, win whistl

o the and the dde e ed thr ugh rigging, ru r cr ak ,

o n o e lab uri g within its s ck t.

e e e e d e e I k pt my y s shut, but I r maine sl p

180 L O K I U S LA R A S . an an f w ew d smart little boat, d e s eamen kn hala their busin e ss b e tte r than Captain K ep . Next morning found us anchored in a safe and

on the quiet little cree k southe rn coast of Chio.

h d d the e e d T e lan aroun cr k was cultivate , but the re were n o house s only on the rising

o d o de e d e o the gr un , at a c nsi rabl istanc fr m e a d e - od e d the o f s , ami st w ll wo hills, rays the sun were refle cte d o n the white- washe d

f r o e e cottage s o three o f ur littl villag s .

the e o e e o e d Ne are r b ach an th r caiqu was m or , and we could se e s ome p e asants with the ir

f th o b e asts o burthe n stand near by e sh re.

e e and o e e e the o e It is a sw t p t nt f ling, l v

’ of one s country ! Whe n from on b oard the caique I looke d up on the scen e be fore me

o e the e the blo ming natur , distant villag s , and the little knot of peopl e on the sands

o e my he art le apt with joy. I saw Chio nc m ore ; and thos e p easants were my com patriots ! The little caique by the beach e e to the e e an d ed l nt lif sc n , I gaz upon it

d o with inwar satisfacti n , thinking that all was not ruin and de solation on our island . L K I S OU L A R A S . 1 8 1

But soon th ere was a revulsion in th ese

o and wi ed th e ha th ughts , I sh e littl craft d ha e e e e e e . d o e o n v r b n th r It c m fr m Psara,

o o of e for e and the als with a carg wh at sal , simultan eous arrival of our caique brought

o de o e o Th men o ab ut a pl rabl c nflict . e fr m Psara were by no m eans disposed to submit t o e e o e e of p ac ful c mp tition ; but , by m ans

e e d to o e our to thr ats, wish c mp l captain

o ed e on e quit that impr vis mark t, which th y declared they had se cured the right s of

o K e hala on the o e d pri rity. p , th r han ,

‘ o d not e d e d o d w ul yi l , but insist , uph l ing the f o o d principle s o fre e trade . Fr m w r s the controversy thre atened to re sult in acts of o e e e e e an d e vi l nc ; fists w r shak n , kniv s

f o not leapt rom their sheaths . But I kn w how e de d for e the d e it all n ; , whil isput was

e two e raging, I landed st althily with my k gs , and having arranged with one of the peasants t o e on we d on our carry th m his ass, starte

o h way t wards t e village .

de o e of e My gui , a y ung p asant tw nty, o oo - n d and oo r bust , g d ature , sprightly, s n 1 82 L O U K I S L A R A S .

e o e e n our gain ed my confidenc e . B f r r achi g

’ j ourn ey s end I had alre ady obtain ed full

e an d on de tails of his humbl e e xistenc ; I ,

e e e d t o e an d d e my part, r v al him my nam

e but n ot the o e of sc nt , principal bj ct my

t o o e d n ot t o re turn o Chi . I c njur him make known t o any one that I was a Chiot

f h H and e o t e n . e o ed tow pr mis , k pt his word faithfully ; during the wh ole time of

o o n the d he o e e d me my s j urn o islan pr t ct ,

His and behaved to me as a true frie nd. is one more name I must add to the list of those brave and ge n erous souls whos e com forting sympathy helpe d me on during my

o ne o e j ur y through this l ng val e of t ars . Wh e n we approach ed the village the good Pandeli deposited my barrels in a ruined

win e- press in the corn er of a vine yard by the

de an f r waysi , d bade me wait o him there till

he e on to the e first w nt with his ass villag ,

and de e e e e e n o ma sur th r w r Turks in it.

I sat at the root of an olive - tre e under the

d of the and ed sha ow wall , I wait , my e ye s fixe d on the turn of the road whence I ex

184 L O U R I S L A R A S .

e n e of the e on e de lift d o k gs th ir shoul rs ,

an d we ee e e e d the e the all thr nt r villag . In little central marke t - place we found gath ere d

o e of e who in a kn t a numb r p asants , sur

e d two d e and d o round my gui s , a iscussi n

o d e nsue d am ngst them in an un erton e .

o e e e the o Pres ently, h w v r, it assum d imp rt

of e o e com ance a liv ly contr v rsy, which

’ pelle d Pandeli and his friend to lay the kegs

on the so ee t o ground , as to allow fr play

e e o an d o e t o e th ir g sticulati ns, full sc p th ir

The d e tongu es. rapi ity with which th y all spoke togeth e r was such that th eir confus ed hubbub did not e nable me t o make out what

e e e o o de d th y w r saying, th ugh I c nclu that I th f was e obj ect o their discussions . Finally an understanding or a compromise was

e e d an d appar ntly arriv at ; , again taking

the e two e o de up k gs , my prot ct rs ma way

o the o n th e e e thr ugh cr wd o e villag gr n,

’ and w e e proce ede d to Pandeli s hous . Will you not tell me what it is all ab out ?

ed we had e of I ask him, as soon as got cl ar the d crow . L O U K I S 1 L A RA S . 85

“ L outzi we e It is nothing, ; will mak it all ” right . His re ply was laconic ; but the re was

o e e o e e s m thing r assuring in his t n , as w ll as in the mann er in which he pronounced my

e the e o e od o nam , with p culiar ph n tic m ulati n

' of h did n ot ask for o e e t e K . I m r xplana tions but everything made it ‘ clear t o me that the fear of the Turk still hovere d i n the

of o air Chi .

de had ee e e e d and he Pan li b n r c ntly marri ,

and o e e d the e o e his wife al n occupi littl c ttag , where the y rece ive d me m ost hospitably but with a proud smile he gave me to under d stan that his family was about to be increased. This e xpectation did not in any way inte r

‘ e e the of e e e f r with activity Parask vi , his b tt r

who few e e e d for half, in a minut s pr par us a

e o n of e e oo e d supp r, c nsisti g fr sh b ans c k in

oil and of o e d , caviar, which I c ntribut , having

e d e and d the tapp my k gs , thus inaugurate

’ o o of e o de c nsumpti n th ir c nte nts . Pan li s

e d of the e d the fri n was party, and we feast , o f o e . f ur us, lik kings 1 86 L OU K I S LA R A S .

W e had hardly don e supping whe n we

the d oo h eard a knock at r. “ It must be the said

Pandeli .

o the Sure e n ugh, it was village d emo

’ e who e e e d e géront s, nt r , th ir thick , rough

- e walking stave s in hand . Th y wished us

ood e e and the oo e o g v ning, sat on w d n st ols

‘ offere d the m by Paraske vi ; we also sat by d e an d we e e e . th m , all r main sil nt I was

x o the o e o d e an i us c nv rsation sh ul b gin , that I might le arn the obj ect of their visit ; but no one d o d an d the e e o of sai a w r , xpr ssi n thos e around me did not convey any fe eling

f th de of th o satisfaction . At length e e l r e

em ronté o th d ogé s br ke e sile nce . “ W h o ou e o e e is this man y hav br ught h r , Pandeli ? You are heaping coals upon our

e d ! e e he o d e o e h a s It is b tt r sh ul p rish al n , than that we should all be lost The se words of the old man filled me with dismay but Pandeli to ok up my cause very

o f o warmly, saying I was a p or man r m.

Aldermen .

188 L OU K I S L A R A S

e e s e e e ed. W ll, y ; as a pr s nt , I r pli

e e no e L outzi In that cas , hav f ar, ; the y ” ar m n And he e on e your e . w nt to explain t o me e how the o f th , at l ngth , p litics o e

The of village sto od . substance his long story was that there we re two conte nding

e the e e oo parti s in villag , ach of which t k in turn the upper hand by propitiating the

so the one o Turks , that party was in c nstant

of th o e nde did not fear e th r. Now, Pa li

’ belong to the party of d emogerontés who

d the he had no do the pai us visit, but ubt

- The caviar tongue s would work wonde rs.

o of e ed me o w rds Pand li inspir with c urage ,

and th e e e me t o . e e at e sam tim s nt sl p .

The e ed the e fact is I was xhaust by journ y, and d on o e - e d , lying own a h rs hair sack spr a

h oo e e n t e . o floor, I was s n fast asl p Next morning the sun had hardly rise n whe n the d emogérontés again knocke d at th d an d e e d the e e and e oor nt re cottag , sil nt

ha o e d d emure as b efore. But I d f r stalle

‘ e e and the th m, having got up arly, caviar

o e e e e e ed t ngu s wer quit r ady, n atly wrapp up L O U K I S LA R A S . 189

e in fresh cabbage leaves . My pr sent caused

h o an d e the m t e greatest satisfacti n, th ir ways

e d e towards me at once chang . Th y sur

d m e and n rounde e , smiling b nignantly, patti g m e on the back with a patronising air .

Y u H no e d . o are ave fe ar, Lutzi, th y sai

n f o W e d e die see o e o urs . woul rath r than

fe you suf r. Although Pandeli had foretold to me the

f e e et ed e ffe cts o my pr s nt, y I was fill with

e indign ation and disgust . Y sterday the y

to e me to- da for the threaten e d sacrific ; y,

f e are e d t o sak e o a little caviar, th y r a y sacrifice th emselves on my be half ! But I

d and e e ed t o e dissimulate , , having xpr ss th m

de e e e t o e d my gratitu , I ask d l av v n my

e o e ded me goods . This th y at nc accor ,

o e d of e set and having impr vis a pair scal s, I up with my two kegs in the village green

d e an d comm ence busin ss .

’ The following day the demogéronte s ordere d me to accompany the m to Kata ’ rakt es e few o d e o , a villag a h urs istanc fr m

o and th e of . urs , e s at a Turkish Agha 1 0 9 L OU K I S L A R A S .

Having other busine ss which took the m

e e e o d e o d th r , th y th ught it a visabl I sh ul

e so t o et the e o f go with th m , as g p rmit

o o e d and my s j urn confirm , thus pre vent any accusations on the part o f the opp o

e o site faction . This measur c incided with

o e e eed my plans , my bj ct b ing to proc gradu ally towards our town .

’ The demogéronte s promised to obtain from the Agha an authorisation enabling me

o the e de to g about villag s as a tra r, and Pandeli re adily consented to accompany m e e d the e e as soon as I r turn with p rmit .

W e e o e set off the demo érontés on e th r f r , g

and on o and th eir asse s I f ot, arrive d at ’ of the o Katarakte s in front Agha s c nak .

e e me the d Th y went upstairs , l aving at oor h to look after t e asse s .

d e e Whilst I stoo th r waiting, I saw a

o e d e d to oo Turk appr ach, arm from h a f t . Now I had not com e n ear a Turk since

” the da W e e our o e o n or had y l ft h m at Chi ,

e e o ne e e o d e e I s n , v n fr m a istanc , aft r those four whos e gunshots had accompanied

1 K 92 L OU I S L A RA S . priest and the Turk procured asse s b efore

the o e and e d starting, but y ung p asant I walk

n e d t o e had e e o foot. I wish inquir what b n

e d t o e an d ur de cided with r gar mys lf, why o

had so e e d e th party incr as in numb rs, but e ’ e e e de ed me He Turk s pr s nc hin r . was H calle d Moulah Moustapha. e was a Cretan and o e ee he did not sp k Gr k, but say much ,

o d not be ed for as it w ul dignifi him , a Turk , to be on e the e of familiar t rms with r st us, who o o ed e one th f ll w him in a lin , after e

e oth r .

’ o de of the de mo érontes d I , by r r g , walke

the de of e at si his ass, by way of s rvant .

h Moulah e d m T e addr sse e only once . He re marked on the wayside a trench full of

e an d he o de ed me to e for wild flow rs, r r f tch him a particular one which he pointe d out

e an d e d with his fing r, call it by its Turkish

As did n ot e de d name . I quit un rstan which

the one he e e e o e was m ant, I cut s v ral fl w rs

o d e the e an d t o fr m insi tr nch, I ran catch

the o had o e eded on up conv y, which pr c its

o e e the e way. I ff r d to him humbly bouqu t L K I S O U L A RA S . 1 93

had e e d o e i I gath r , but unf rtunat ly it d d not contain the particular flower which had

h of the Moulah attracte d t e atte ntion . “ Th on o e d out n ot e e I p int is h ere, you blockhe ad ' Wh ere do you com e from ? ” From Icaria. That is why you are stupid ; you are n ot o a Chi t . The flattering allusion t o my country c on sole d me for the p oor opinio n the Turk had

or e d of me e o o e f m p rs nally, but, ab v all , I was ple ase d with the un e xpecte d mildne ss o f his mann e r. Wh e n we reach e d the village I ascertaine d

’ th he Moulah s e e He e reason of t pr s nce . wish ed t o we d forcibly the young man who

to o e accompanied us a y ung p asant girl,

' whose prot e ction the Moulah had appare ntly f h good reasons or assuming . T e young

e o d e had e e o e d man , b ing b urat , b n impris n , and the d emogéron tés interce de d in his

o the A d e e d for the fav ur . But gha clar

e and e e o e the Moulah had marriag , th r f r , come with the unfortunate bridegroom an d 0 L K I 1 94 OU S L A R A S . h t e priest in orde r to celebrat e the cere mony. This was pate rnal governme nt with a ve n

eance an d et de e o e ro g , y this inci nt b sp k p

e The d fi o ed e e gr ss . if culty was s lv n ith r at th e d e of the d nor e g swor , by shutting up

The M ul h the girl in a harem . o a was a

- d L t n d e e . e be a d kin h art man us fair, all ow to everyone his due .

— ’ But with re gard to mys elf what was the decision arrived at ? I was inform ed that I should have to go to Tholo ~ Potami for the

e th e A re de sire d p ermit . Ther e chi f gha

de d and the demo érontés e de si , g int n d to tw visit him in o days .

d e e e e we set out . Two ays lat r, th r for , again This time our party was more numerous ;

’ ' for the demogéronte s brought away with the m a load of wine as a pre sent t o the

and ed on e Agha, I was accompani my journ y

e who oo de by Pand li , t k with him his ass la n

n of Th e o e e . e with my k gs oth r, which

e e e ed was half mpty by this tim , r main in

’ h e of e c arg Parask vi as reserve stock .

’ After five hours march we reach e d Tholo

1 6 L O K I S 9 U L A R A S .

t o be seen the marks of bulle ts and the sini

e o e of fire e the e st r black bl tch s , whil whit walls of one of the h ouse s was still b e sm eare d with the blo od which s ee m e d t o have fl own

the o o e W ho lavishly from balc ny ab v . can t e ll the h orrible sce ne of woe an d carnage which that balcony must have witne sse d !

e e and e e d ed de e e H r th r , ami st ruin and s rt d

o e e e e e few o e be ee h m s, th r w r a h us s to s n,

he n e o t inhabita ts of which, still ling ring ab ut, had trie d to repair s ome of the ruin they

e the o e e of the had suff red . But wh l asp ct village spoke of the fe arful havoc which had

e e e d e e b e fall n it , and s rv as an ampl xplana tion of the abj ect fear in which our poor

mo érontés od of the de g sto Turks .

e e Their villag had so far r mained intact . But how could the y be easy as to the future Had not Th olo- Potami itself e scaped the first onslaught of the Turks ? When two

e e o e e had e the and y ars b f r th y ov rrun island,

had e e d o e had d d vastat it c mpl tely, the y spare ,

or e had o e e o e rath r forg tt n , this south rn c rn r

of The e th d it. p asants thought e anger was L OU K I S L A R A S . 197

e the e e now ov r, and that butch rs w re sur fe ite d with the tribute of blood and gore th ey had e e o e d o the so cru lly xt rt fr m island . But

e d e e e e e th y c iv d th mse lve s miserably. Wh n

’ Kanari s torch avenge d the first h orrors of

o and the e o ded the x lo Chi , air r s un with e p sion of the flagship ; whe n the sea was

o e e d o e and the c v r with Turkish c rps s , Capi

- o e d e e d on th tan Pacha, half sc rch , xpir e

e e e e d e e e d the an d b ach, r n w fr nzy s iz Turks , th ey rush ed b odily on the defe ncel e ss peas

of th Mastichochoria e e di ants e , th r to p the ir swords again to the hilt in the blood of

o e inn c nt victims . Whe n we arrive d in front of the h ouse

’ ’ of the e the demo e ronte s e chi f Agha , g w nt

and e e d o de the ee in , I r main utsi in str t , as

e e o e ed an d on at Katarakt s b f r I wait , p d e o had e d e er d ve r what I witness , b ing e spe cially impre sse d with that blood- be

e h sm are d wall under t e balcony. Pre s ently th e y calle d me upstairs into the

d To e e th A e e . hall , wh r e gha was s at his — right and left squatte d more Turks his K I 198 L OU S L A RA S . — councilmen and asse ssors and at the far end o f the hall the d emogérontés and som e oth e r

e e e d the doo Christians w r k pt stan ing by r . I bowe d my he ad humbly b efore the ma

He e d m of the A . e o j esty gha ask , thr ugh

e e e e e his interpr t r, wh nc I cam

From Icaria. How did I come ?

On board a caiqu e . What did I want n ow ? Permission t o vend my goods in the ” villages . Thereup on an arme d n egro approached the d on e an d Agha, his han his br ast, his h h e ad b ent to t e ground. “ ” “ d he o e Agha , sai , this y ung man w ars ” of H be e . shoe s a Frankish cut . must a spy And he pointed with his black finge r t o

e e The e e of m e de d my f t . y s all, ys lf inclu ,

e e ed o d e . w r turn t war s my sho s In fact, my bluch ers were not the shoe s of a p eas h . ad o e at o and had ant I b ught th m Tin s ,

the d cut away flaps, thinking that woul

e t o e e d e U nfortun suffic compl t my isguis .

2 00 L OU K I S L A R A S .

o and e e e e o ed me . fl or, th ir pr s nc c nsol Th ere are m oments wh en we l ong for soli

de e we e e e and de tu , but , as a rul , s k aft r

o f our- e ow- e sire the s ocie ty f ll cr ature s .

e e e and son two com The y w r fath r , my

an d e e o e d e panions , th ir crim c nsist in s lling

of the o od e of the mastic . Half t tal pr uc island was th e n re tained for the use of the

’ e an d the e e sultan s har ms, p asants might s ll th n the who e re mainder to no o e but Agha,

e d th he e o and fi x e price hims lf th ught fit,

d he e e d and e he e ed. pai it as pl as , wh n pl as

The old o e who man sp k first, inquiring

and had ee o e d and I was, why I b n impris n , h The o e volunte ered his own story. y ung

d o e e . man sai n thing, but w pt sil ntly His

e e d the d an d e e n ow fath r h l him by han , v ry and the n interrupte d his narrative in orde r t o o an h o lad c mfort d console t e po r . The sight of thos e two men shook my he art

f e an with pain . I thought o my own fath r d his d e serte d grave at Spetzae ; of my m othe r and e e d for e o sist rs , who wait my r turn at Tin s and the anguish of my heart rose up and L O K I S 0 1 U LA RA S . 2

fl ooded my e ye s with tears ; an d I lamented

e and e d e . o al my fat , sobb bitt rly I was in m rt fe ar of the Turks th ey had imprisone d

m e o a m e as a spy with ut e x mining e . Th y

e m de might just as asily put e to ath . Of what conse quence t o th e m was the life of a Giaour ? My unfortunate m other was

d m did e right in issuading e . Why I com t o Chio at all ? Towards the eve ning they gave us some

and e and o e d the bre ad oliv s, sh rtly aft rwar s

o e and e d me out o f the e n egr cam , , l a ing c ll, h f h took me t o t e fo ot o a kiosk in t e garde n .

e e o d low e o ded t Th r , ar un a tabl l a with frui

d two an of all kin s, sat Turks d two Christians . Amongst th e m I re cognised the Moulah

o and the of e me M ustapha, sight him gav

o e for he had not e e d me c urag , impr ss as a

d our o e harsh man uring last j urn y.

e e t o e m e who Th y b gan qu stion e afr sh, I

e e e an ed ? was , wh nc I cam , d what I want

e e e d e o o o I r p at my pr vi us answers, in c rr horation of which I tried to invoke the testi

of th Moulah mony e . 2 0 2 L OU K I S L A R A S .

” “ did ou not see me ? Agha, said I , y The Moulah turne d his face away from me e vidently he did n ot wish t o re cognis e me n ow e de o e d . I n av ur to change the drift of e e e o ed an d my r marks , but I b cam c nfus , this only confirm ed the ide a which the pro tector of the p e asant girl had formed of me from the m ome nt I had e xecuted so clumsily h his orders about t e flower. “ e d d he o My fri n s, sai to his h sts in

he not for Turkish , is fit a spy, this manni

h n ot e o for He kin ; e is sharp n ugh that. ” e e the de ! is an imb cil , poor vil An d the y we nt on talking of me in an

e o e o d not e out und rt n , so that I c ul mak

The e o e what they said. n gr pre sently push d

of the o and le m o me out ki sk, d e back t

and the o one prison . That night f llowing w ere certainly not of the pleasantest I have e ve r passe d. Next day the two peasants were taken out of o an d did e n ow pris n not r turn , so that I e ed o e and de o e n the r main al n s lat , counti g

o e e de o - h urs as th y w nt on , pl ring my ill luck ,

20 L O K I 4 U S L A R A S .

” d ft the Agha, sai I , I le my shirt in ”

e an d o an d e . villag , I must g f tch it

The did not d e d Turk un rstan what I said, and e d of d o e inquir his r gman . Wh n my

e e e d t o he out pray r was xplain him , burst into a loud laugh . “ ” “ e e e e d he e V ry w ll , v ry w ll, sai ; th y

e for will f tch your shirt you . But you must ” n th go o to e t own .

o e and e ed the d o I b w d again r tir . At o r the e o for me he e d n gr was waiting , and h l out his hand haughtily

The o e h prison m n y, said e . I had quite forgotte n that the imprison e d

e e e to the e of w r liabl paym nt such a tax.

u o the I pulled o t of my p cke t bag, in which — I had a few piastre s the produce of the — sale of my caviar an d b egan untying the kn ots with e vident disple asure But the

o e and kn ts were many and intricat , my fingers did n ot get through the proce ss swiftly e nough ; so that the n e gro lost all

or e he e o e for patience, p rhaps f lt s m pity me d he , and lifting up his han , brought it L OU K I S LA RA S . 26 5

on and d own heavily my neck, after com

limentin me few o d n ot of h p g with a w r s , t e

o e o e e e takin he e m st aff cti nat l av g, disapp ared .

n ow f e e the d o e o en I was r , and o r b ing p ,

out o of e m I ran with ut loss tim , aking

for the e e o straight villag gat . But I f und it

an d one e e . shut, no th r It was Sunday, and ood h all g Christians were at churc . My

e t o o and first impuls was g in also, thank God for my de li ve rance ; but the de sire to ge t out of Tholo-Potami and look for Pandeli

e e e o e de the of was strong r. I th r f r ma sign the o e e o d de the cr ss th r , as I st o un r ope n

e d on e e e the sky, I climb a tr which gr w by

e e d o e the and e gat , jump v r wall , in anoth r

o de the e instant I was utsi village, fe ling once

an m ore fre e d light of he art . I ran dire ct t o the hut wh ere Pandeli had

for m wo a promise d t o wait e . T days nd two nights had e lapse d since then Was it like ly he would still be there I found the

o ed . o ed the doo and hut cl s I kn ck at r, “ ” e d out Pandéli ! e e call , Pandeli ! but th r h was no reply. B ehind the hut was t e 2 0 6 L K I S OU LA R A S .

e e d the e and stabl ; I mov latch , I walk d in, ,

’ o ! de e e jy of joys I saw Pan li s ass th r ,

waiting patiently.

Do m ood e d not laugh , y g r a er . I put

o d e and ed my arms r un his n ck kiss him . I conclude d that his pious master was at de . d e m church Pan li had not aban on d e .

o e and e ed no So n I saw him r turn, I n t attempt to describe our mutual joy at finding

ourselve s again together.

8 K I 2 0 L O U S L A R A S .

their chimne ys there arose no smoke . To

’ the o - an - o d e right, at ab ut half h ur s istanc ,

th o e of e m nast ry Saint Minas was situate d.

d n ot be e e o e e w o It coul s n fr m wh r e sto d, but n e ithe r did I wish t o go n e ar its charre d

o for e e o walls. I s ught no fr sh m tions at Chio I only wish ed t o accomplish the

of o e and to e obj e ct my j urn y, l ave as quickly

o e e de e to e as p ssibl . I f lt no sir ling r over the d evastation of my country ; nor did I

s t e e on the‘ wish to e y s Turks again.

de e me e o Pan li sat n ar , nj ying his frugal

e an d e on br akfast, his ass was busy farth r , se arching for food among the scanty bushe s h on that stony crest . T e appe tite my two companions had de velope d provoked mine

’ de e d and o e and o also . Pan li s br a liv s, , ab ve

the e ee e of e all, innat ch rfuln ss his simpl

ear e e d d oo . fe h t, r stor my r ping spirits In a w minute s we starte d again on our march

The e of e o e e we e d villag N och ri, wh r halt on our d e e the o sc nt from hill, still b re , as did o o— e e de e e Th l Potami, ampl vi nc t stifying h f th to t e passage o e Turks through it . But R L O U I S L A RA S . 26 9

th o e had e e e e d e h us s , which b n r pair , we re

e e e o an th comparativ ly mor num r us, d e de vastation appe are d at first sight le ss c om

l The o e e - o e e e we p et e. c ff h us wh r sat to

e o e e e ed m n r st urs lv s was w ll fill with e . There was n either an Agha nor a garrison

the e so the e l in plac , that p asants ed a

o e e o o e e e e e n s m what mor c mf rtabl xist nc , deavouring to forge t in the quietn e ss of t o- da the e of e e and h y t rrors y st rday, t e

of the o o probable dangers m rr w. My intention was that we should remain

ochori or ee d so at N e two thr ays, that I

e e e e e might th r s ttl my plans, but whil in the coffee - house I l earn e d news which made

o me m odify my re solutions. Fr m the con versation of the p easants I gathere d that a

’ d had e d Tche sme Turkish squa ron anchor at , and that in a few days m ore ships were ex

te d t o e o o o e e pee arriv fr m C nstantin pl , wh n the combine d fle et was to sail against the

Greeks .

de o to e Evi ntly I ught hast n my departure . The Turks on the sea we re like the Turks P 2 10 L OU K I S LA R A S .

n woe e e e e o land ; and b tid thos unarm d ships , the e e e and e e who pass ng rs in th m , th ir cr ws, fe ll into the ir hands . They paid for the vic o e Miaoulis and and e e t ri s of Kanaris , s rv d to form the lying trophie s with which the

d e e d e e T Turkish a mirals cov r th ir sham . o such trophi e s I had not the least inclination

o e did d t o c ntribut , nor I care that my bo y sh ould decorate the yard -arms of a Turkish

e o e ed to e flagship . I ther f r wish r turn to Tin os ’ by all possible m eans b efore the e nemy s flee t ’l w ha t . ed de an e d se sail I call Pan i away, d

th e e - e The the ke l e ft e coff hous . ass with g

f ood o e e d t o o caviar st utsid , ti a post . “ ” “ de d e e to Pan li , sai I, you remain h r

h an m e e s ell t e caviar d wait for e . I must l av you. “ Wh e re are you going

u I wish to have a look at o r tower. ” - To morrow morning I shall be back . Pandeli tried to dissuade me ; he then offere d to accompany me he re minded me of my imprisonme nt at Tholo - Potami ; but t o no purpose . W e arranged in what part

2 12 L K I OU S LA R A S . — at Chio rush e d back t o my mind how we e xpe cte d to se e him at h ome e ve ry e ve ning ; — how my fath e r e nj oye d his company and I fe lt a wish t o shake the old ge ntle man by th d and e o d e d e han , t ll him that his g o fri n

e e d e an d o was de ad . I r trac my st ps st od

H o e d o o e . e a b e f r him st pp sm king, nd

me o e looked at in w nderm nt . I sh ould like t o say two words to you in d ” e o . privat , g o sir “ ” e lad ? Com in, my what is it

An d he e the o d fol w nt into c urtyar . I

an th lowe d him d shut e do or b e hind us . ’ ” D on t you kn ow me ?

are ? No. Who you

e e he f ed On h aring my nam , li t up his hands in surpris e he looke d at me ste adily for o e e e me th a m m nt, and th n s izing by e

d he e e d me an d d e me d han mbrac , r w asi e

oo e e e e d h into his r m . I n v r xp cte that t e h e art of that frigid old man was capable of

th h e d m H all e ten dern e ss e th n showe e . e — aske d me what had be com e of us how we e scaped ; and I related to him the details L O K I S U L A R A S . 2 13

of and e e e e our flight our rrant xist nc , my ’ e d e and the o o of fath r s ath , s j urn my

do e o e an d e o He wi w d m th r sist rs at Tin s .

e e d t o the e e th n inquir as caus of my r turn ,

an H d I confi de d t o him my proj e cts . e was surprise d at my reckle ssne ss and my disregard of the danger of the e nte rpris e he

e d me t o do and e urg aban n it, r turn wh ence

And e o I came . wh n I t ld him my re solve

an d n ot t o be h was firm shaken, e lifte d up

n his shoulders a d smile d .

ot and oo e e of H I g up t k l av him . e gave me e and e me he c on his bl ssing, , mbracing ,

e o ducted me to the door. B f re le tting me out he d d an d , put his han on my shoul er again tri ed to p ersuade me t o forge t the

an th buri e d treasure d leave Chio. But e difficulty had bee n t o ge t t o the point I had

d e o d n ow e alrea y r ache d . How c ul I r turn without so much as casting a parting look

n our o o t w er. “ You e de d and e e hav ma up your min , th r

end of d th ol is an it, sai e d man with

e . You ar the son f e distr ss e o your fath r, 2 1 L K I 4 O U S L A R A S .

o o o d h e to indee d. N m re w ul e list n

! et o e re ason . Go If you g into tr ubl ” the he dde d d e e with Turks, a in a mil r ton , “ As o let me know. a c nsul I have s ome

an d be of use to ou e e . od influ nc , I may y G be with you h Th And he open e d t e door. e sun was now e and the d e our o e s tting, istanc to t w r ’ was still ab out two hours walk. I quicke ne d

e - e t e e e o e my st p, wishing to g th r b f r nightfall .

My polar star was the well- kn own littl e hill and the tre e s which hid from vie w our

h e on e e d on d c ap l its cr st . I walk rapi ly

the de on o de and with spa my sh ul r, my d min was busy at work. I was thinking

of th e o de e specially e future . B ing c nfi nt I

o d find the two de sh ul sacks, I was consi ring how to d o e of the o an d e e isp s g ld silv r plat , and ed h ow the o e e d I plann , with pr c s, I should repair with my mother an d sisters t o

— e t o d an d o of Italy p rhaps Englan , what s rt

e o d o busin ss I sh ul rganise . My fancy was alre ady conjuring up pictures o f future happi h e . o e d an d t e e n ss But as I appr ach , e v ning

2 16 L K I OU S LA R A S .

now inhabite d by Turks ! And I wandering

the d o o in high roa s, I lo k up n its walls as an

o an d do f. utcast, watch its win ws like a thie

d to se e e e to I wishe b tt r, satiate my e ye s with th e sad sight of my e strange m e nt and

e d o e th b ere ave m e nt . I jump v r e he dge

o e our a de and e th pposit g r n wall, w nt up e vineyard which the road s eparated from

h d The o d e e t e gar en . gr un was st p at

o so o d oo o this p int, that from it I c ul l k ver

h f ur e the e and t e wh ole o o e stat . In hous around it th ere was n ot a s oul t o be se en ; but in the garde n an old garde n er was hard

o d o e e ed at w rk igging . I at nc r cognis his

u e . own de e old fig r It was our gar n r, Yanni, whose daughter I had discove re d in the ser

ni vice of Mavroye s at Tinos.

n o My joy o re c gnising him was gre at .

o de d of e o Nor was my satisfacti n voi g tism , for I thus s e cured a trusty auxiliary in my

an d had e d for the old attempt, I r a y man an acceptable recompense for his assistance — the good tidings that his daughte r was

an e e alive d saf . But how communicat with L O K I S 2 1 U LA R A S . 7

d e not nor e e th him ? I ar call him , nt r e

d an d garde n . Shoul I wait till nightfall,

e t o e e e th n go stealthily his hut, pr s nt mys lf

t o and e ? him , claim his assistanc But until the n The sun was n ow hid b ehind the distant

the l e ed hills, but impid sky still r fl e ct an abundant twilight . It was a d elightful sum

’ e e e an d e e e and m r s v ning ; all was calm s r n , e veryt hing in the plain s ee me d so happy

d e the e d oe not f e un r trees. Natur s su f r

n whe n we are in pain . Its ve ry s erenity i

e h h cr ase s t e s orrow of t e trouble d h eart. I descende d from the vin eyard into the

o d an d e o d the e r a , w nt t war s chap l, my

e d e do to e th h a b nt wn , as if trying trac on e dust the footsteps of those with wh om I had so o o fte n walked there . I was still at s me distance from the wood surrounding the

e e saw e e e o o chap l, wh n I m rg fr m am ngst the ee e e o and d e tr s f mal f rms, chil r n running

o d e e m ar un them . Th y cam towards e as I

the no was walking up hill, but I was

o e e to de e d l ng r in tim rece , whe n I discov re 2 18 L O U K I S L A R A S .

e they w re Turkish women . A black e unuch

ed e and e accompani th m , his trailing mantl did n ot e asily distinguish him at a distance

h f th o from t e fo rms o e w m e n.

ood de the e e on and I st asi as har m pass d , h o o e d o t e childre n f ll w , playing am ngst the m

e e the e . One of e e o e e s lv s whil th s , h w v r, a

of o e e e did girl ab ut tw lv y ars , not mix with the o e ed e of th rs, but walk qui tly, last all,

o d o e one d the e h l ing fl w rs in han , oth r arm

her d sh e e . e hanging listl ssly by si Passing by, stoo d and looked up at me as I we nt on my way. Sudde nly I h e ard b ehind me a little voice whisper my nam e Louki B e fore I had time to think that if I turned round

o d e e o d out I w ul b tray mys lf, and if f un I

o e d and the was a lost man , I lo k back, saw

e d few o me littl girl stan ing at a pace s fr m .

h ha n A s oo T e other childre n d gon e o . s n as she me o d she e on the saw turn r un , kn lt

o d h r o d. e o e gr un I r c gnis e e at nc . I all but crie d out De spina ! But she put he r

e her me she fing rs to lips, and, looking at ,

K 2 20 L OU I S L A R A S . he r ! But how ? And I considere d one

e plan afte r anoth r.

had n ow o e d d e Night appr ach , but arkn ss Th h was n ot ye t complete . e m oon ad still two hours t o run on her slow course be fore

e e d e d the and th she disapp ar b hin hill, e sky

h r H r above us was lit up with e brilliancy. e

e the e e of the ee rays coqu tting with l av s tr s,

ed on the d e e o d form groun , wh r I sat, th usan s

e d e e of fantastic device s. I gaz upon th s

do e d the of the varying sha ws, I h ar barking

o the d an d e e me the d gs in istant farms , n ar r

of the e e d the chirping crick ts, mingl with h harsher croaking of t e frogs . But my

o e e e d e e e e e d th ughts w r fix ls wh r ; I h ar , but did not liste n ; yet my mind was impress e d

o e e e of the e e e h with th s cho s s r n night, wit the e e o e d the o e and p rfum ff re up by fl w rs, with the play of the m oonlight through the

n e of the ee bra ch s tr s .

o the o set d As s on as m on had , and arkne ss

e d e the e o d spr a ov r country, I ros ; I inv k e the e G od and d ed o the h lp of , a vanc int d road . I walke without h esitation, for I L O K I S U LA RA S . 2 2 1 had made up my mind ; I knew what was — my aim my plans had bee n fixed. I went m t out God o d e e . forth o carry it , and w ul h lp

h o e e T e darkness was now c mpl t , but I

e e d e e of the o d so rememb r v ry inch gr un , that I could fin d my way ab out e ve n with

e th o my e ye s shut . R aching e c rn er where the de e e o e e d o e gar n wall b cam l w r, I jump v r h d an d de t e de . o it, I was insi gar n I st o

o o e the e the o of m ti nl ss by wall, l st s und

e c m my le ap had b e en h eard . Th re was o ’ do o n l e . ot p et e stilln ss Not a g s gr wl, a

o e t o be e d. few human v ic , h ar Only a

’ e e e d me o the de e st ps s parat fr m gar n r s hut.

The doo o ed e of th r was cl s , but aft r a turn e

d d How e latch, I foun mys elf insi e it. oft n in my younge r days had I visited old Yanni

e e an d how o e he set me on e th r , ft n his kne , an d satisfi ed my gree din e ss with the ch oice st fruits of his lab ours ! The little room was d o d e the o o e ark , but I c ul h ar s n rous br athing

f th old ed o o e man . I walk on tipt e towards

e e he o d e him, f aring l st sh ul awake b fore e s me d r cogni ing , and I wished to avoi start K I 2 22 L OU S L A R A S .

e e o n ling him . I kn lt n ar him, and , sto pi g

do o ed e . wn , I pron unc his nam “ ’ be Yanni, Yanni, it is I , Louki. Don t

o . alarmed . I , L uki

The old e d e man awok , hol ing his br ath ,

h e e ed d P r but e n ith r mov nor sai a word . e h haps he thought e was dreaming. I put

d on and o e my han his arm, again pron unc d

H on e . e be d o e my nam sat up his , but s m tim e passed be fore he could quite collect his

e d t o He e d e . th oughts . th n tri light a can l

e e ed o e o But I pr v nt him, and our c nv rsati n h H was c ontinu e d in t e dark. e tremble d with joy when he heard that hi s daughter

e o and we o d e was aliv at Tin s, that w ul r turn

e e e e e e t o th r tog th r . I th n xplained him

e and why I had com , I asked him to as sist me .

He e ot e ed at onc g up , dr ss hurri edly, and o e ed the d of the e e e p n oor hut . B for st p

n out oo o d of pi g , I t k h l his arm . “ e our o e ? Who liv s in t w r, Yanni ” Th of ib- e harem Nej Agha . ” W ho is Nejib-Agha ?

2 2 L O K I 4 U S LA R A S .

e e e e e . G ntly, g ntly, Yanni, l st th y h ar us Have n o fe ar it will not matte r if they

o e e the d . Th y will think I am pr paring ” ditch e s for watering . The old man continu e d digging ; an d I

s t o e e h also e to w rk n ar him, op ning up t e

trench with my spad e . As my arms rose

and e ed e e e r f ll, I fanci that a t nd r voic e

e oed e o e me ch in my ars , L uki, sav Eve ry dig of the spade repeated in the same

e o o voic , L uki, L uki

we h of Suddenly heard t e clash m etal . I

e d o the e an d e jump int tr nch , b gan to throw

’ h . The up t e e arth W i th my hands . gardener s

de t om the de e spa had sack asun r, but I lift d

e and e d the o of the it car fully, plac it at ro t

- The o e de th apple tre e . th r sack lay un r e

. o and d e e o first I to k it up lai it n xt its f ll w, and we e d the e e fill up tr nch car fully .

And now ? ed ask Yanni . Now the sacks on our shoulders and away ! ” Wh ere are we going ? ” To Neochori . K L OU I S LA R A S . 2 2 5

“ o and e d It is a l ng way, it is v ry ark .

o the e e no one S much b tt r, Yanni will ” see us . “ But how enter into Neochori with the

on our o de ? an d e de sacks sh ul rs , b si s , that

Th out n e . o e is torn . things in it may fall Wait ! ” ’ e few e e e re Aft r a minut s abs nc , Yanni

r e two e e e of tu n d with larg bask ts, in ach

h on e of the He e which e place d sacks . fill d

e and o e e e e the m up with cabbag s th r v g tabl s , and one e on o de we taking ach our sh ul rs,

ff n ur set o o o march . It was just dawning whe n we reach ed

chori we on low e Neo , and sat a f ncing wall h h o ex e d. awaiting t e m rning. I was aust My sh oulders and arms ach ed with the w eight of

o did n ot of so unusual a l ad . But I think

an One o e do fat igue d pain . thought al n mi m e d d o one e e d at my min , nly d sir possesse

e and e o d e my h art, for that I f lt I c ul brav

e d anything . I wish to save that orphan

d who e m e e . chil , had app al d to

oo the had e we As s n as sun ris n , again ! 22 6 L OU K I S LA R A S . oo e and ed t k up our bask ts, continu our

W o d no d ffi enetrat march . e f un i culty in p

o the e and we d e for ing int villag , ma straight ’ The d e old Zenakis h ouse . ar gentleman c ould n ot hide his joy at seeing me enter his courtyard again . ” h o e ! e d . u Welc m , my boy sai S o yo

e ee d d and m hav succ e , without any ishap

An d ee o e me s ing Yanni foll wing b hind , he m h d he asked e who e was. I tol him

our was gardener.

You e e ed me o e hav off r y ur assistanc , I “ ” dded n a ; and I claim it ow. “ What is it ? Did any one se e you ? Are ” the Turks after you ?

0 our e N ; but Turks occupy tow r, and a

e e e e e Christian girl is th r a slav , whos fath r

e of o The d was a family fri nd urs . chil saw me e e me d me and , r cognis d , appeale to , I ” h r must save e . How can you save her? Do you by any ” chance propos e carrying her away ? “ ” o e her e e . I prop s to ransom , I r pli d And wh e re is the money to come from

2 2 8 L K I OU S L A R A S .

far the contents of the sacks were likely t o

th d o f th H satisfy e avi ity e Turk . e th ere

us fore showed upstairs into his b e droom .

e e we e ed the and the oo Th r mpti sacks , fl r

ew oo e and was str n with sp ns, larg small,

and o e o d and trays, cups , th r g l silve r

o e de the r of bj cts , such as ma up luxu y

o e d e o e e e n ot ed th s ays, wh n h us s w r cramm with the showy but flimsy finery of Paris

od n ow o and Vi e nna . The se pr ucts cr wd

e de o d o table s and burth n si b ar s for sh w, not

f r us e o e e e few o e. Th n rnam nts w r , but valuable and substantial ; and descending

o er to s on e o e d fr m fath , th y c nstitut a

e d and e e o e veritabl fun , an availabl r s urc h in t e hour of n e e d . I b egge d Zenakis to press on the negotia

o the A so e ti ns with gha, that I might manag to l eave Chio b e fore the Turkish flee t set

the old e e o d sail . But g ntl man w ul not

ed t o e e e e . hurry, and tri r pr ss my impati nc

Yet de o d and de e e , un r that c l mur asp ct, a

e hi e he e ed warm h art lay d. And whil r buk

ed me he had e e e and twitt , ord r d his mul , K I L O U S L A R A S . 2 29

and in a few minute s he started for the

e t ow r. As soon as he had l eft I went to look for

o ed e o Pandeli . His pr tract abs nce fr m

o e to d the ood e h m e b gan isturb g p asant.

o e e o His th ughts w r c nstantly with his wife . “ ” What must Paraskevi think of it all ? “ h he said . S e must c onsider us as lost.

'

e e ou d de . o N v r y min , Pan li I pr mise

ou we be t o - o o y shall back morr w m rning,

be e d an d Paraskevi will satisfi . I will make a pre sent to her of the rest of my unsold caviar as a first settlement on the heir she ” ou promise s y . How sl owly the hours of that m orning passe d I spent the b e st part of the day in ’ Zenakis de the of o e gar n , at back his h us ,

n and do t o e t o passi g up wn, trying figur myse lf what was b eing said at that mom e nt

our o e and the e o o for in t w r, how n g tiati ns

of the ransom D e spina progre ssed . What Zenakis would say I could easily gu e ss ; but how would the Turk reply ? Would he

the or o h e e to strike bargain , w uld e pr f r 2 0 L O K I 3 U S L A R A S . k eep the Christian girl as a future ornament of his harem ? An d my ch eeks flush e d

e and ot an d d with ang r, I g up, sat own , full

of e e . e o d th o e un asin ss Ev ry s un in e h us ,

o e the e e ee e d to m e ach v ic in str t, s m e t o be ’ De s inas connecte d with p redemption .

e Zenakis e e and n ot o e At l ngth r turn d, al n .

I heard him talk in Turkish . Who could it b e ? the e that accompani d him Was it Agha, or had he brought D e spina ? I hid myself in the tree s opp osite the window of the

’ room where the child s ransom was range d out o e d Ze naki s and the in rde r . I h ar Turk

o e e o d n ot e c nv rs , but I c ul mak out what

e d e see e o th y sai . All at onc I th m appr ach

Th oo the do . e e win w Agha, a stat ly l k

e d ing Turk, balanc d in his han a tray, as if trying to ascertain its probable weight ; while Zenakis called his atte ntion to other pie ce s of plate which he held in both his hands .

e The ex My hop s were revived . Turk amine d the things consequently he did not

e e the r j ct bargain .

2 2 3 L OU K I S L A R A S .

o e e the e ed T wards v ning Agha r turn , bring

e an h ing D spina with him , d e went back ’ tw n e alon e with Yanni s o baske ts o his mul .

e he had e Ze nakis ed me Aft r l ft, call into his

flew d m h o . e S e r om D spina towar s e .

e d to e she o d o ro wish sp ak , but c ul nly p “ o e m e o i and e n unc y nam L uki, Louk , t ars

e ed o her e e e d out her str am fr m y s . I h l to

d and e e her t o o my han s, pr ss d my bos m ;

i n h r d d ot e . d e d but I kiss I ar not . That same evening we le ft Neochori along ’ de ed e with Yanni . Pan li s ass carri D spina ’ d e d e bo e isguis as a p asant y, for s curity s e e e ed o e sake . Parask vi r c iv us with p n

’ and t o her x r arms , , thanks husband s e e

o we o d the e e ti ns , f un in v ry cr e k where

K e hala had de d me p lan , a boat, in which we e e the e e e and de mbark d n xt v ning, , un r a

d we e e o th fair win , arriv d saf ly at Tin s e day after.

’ My m other s joy wh e n she saw me return

e Her e d e was ind scribable . t ars of gla n ss on that occasio n were the m easure of the grief she had experienced during my absence . L OU K I S 2 L A R A S . 3 3

I have not brought you your gold and

d o e e e e . your silv r plat , ar m th r But h ere is ” t o And what I have brought you. so say

e d e o her ing, I push D spina int arms .

’ I kn ew it was t o a mother s e mbrace I

the o was taking unhappy rphan .

e ed on e o e o and I r sum at c my p rati ns, having carrie d out my proj e ct of the associa

o had e e e e d for e ti n , which b n ch ck a tim , I re paire d t o Syra and soon brought ove r

d e ur . Go e d th ere o family bl ss my lab ours . I e ndowed an d marrie d my sisters to my

e and o e e d e partn rs , f ur y ars aft r my last parture from Chio I was wedde d t o De s

the e e of pina, with cons nt and bl ssing my mothe r. Som e time afte rwards I l eft with her and e stablish e d mys e lf in England .

Our life has since pass ed in happin e ss .

e e the of o e e But n v r, in midst pr sp rity, hav I h f m o o e t e o o . e f rg tt n trials y y uth Oft n , whe n I se e my daughters and grandchildre n

e d out e o e and e d e de ck in th ir t il ts, my wif r ss ing her white hair in the last fashion of L K I 23 4 OU S L A R A S .

o d her of th o h Eur pe, I remin e tr users s e had to wear whe n I carried her away in ’ d e on de and we isguis Pan li s ass, both laugh , and from the depths of our hearts thank

Al mighty God.

2 3 6 N O T E S .

e e an d n o and for r o m rc avigati n, , a palt y c ast i n f l s e d on g tra fic in smal bark , substitut str g and o e e d s n o e and e e n l fty v ss ls , i ta t v yag s, xt n oc n t he sive s pe culation . By u l ki g straits e e e n th e e and th e Me d e e b tw Euxin it rran an , th e Empre s s Cath e rin e had procure d an outle t for he e of o d an d o e t harv sts P lan S uth rn Russia . Th e n e w ow of O de on t n ssa, built a Tartarian e e e d u de of G e e all st pp , attract a m ltitu r ks , h o ccupi e d i n commercial pursuits . War ad paralys e d the me rchan t marin e in France ; e of n ow s o o n did whil that Austria, fl urishi g, o e e the d e of th e n t as y t xist . Thus tra Black S e a fe o o e on o the h d of ll , with ut c mp titi , int an s d f h e ZE an Th e o e n e o t e . e s m isla rs g impuls , o ce e fo o e d n giv n , was ll w up with singular c o o e m o ala rity ; at C nstantin pl , S yrna, Sal nika, an d e ve ry gre at city of th e Turkish Empire ; O de e e e o and all th e at ssa, Tri st , L gh rn , o of o e e e e s e d principal p rts Eur p , w r stabli h o en G e e o e o e n o e pul t r k h us s , wh s risi g pr sp rity ca sting i nt o shade that of th e fore ign Le van t e e e d t oo o m on th e e m rchants , xcit c m ly in br asts of th e e n o o e e n of o latt r a ra c r us f li g h stility, ” h has e e it s o wn h e w ich b n punis m nt .

PAGE 4 .

O th e O o o e h e f all tt man pr vinc s , that , s l t ere d e e e o by sp cial privil g s , pr spe re d unde r N O T E S . 2 3 7

nd in e of O e de o th a spit ri ntal sp tism, e most n and e u h o flo uri shi g b autif l was C i s . That d 0 e in e h 1 2 e d an islan , 3 mil s l ngt , in br a th, d s eparat e d from the shore of I onia by a strait of e on ne d e an d e - 7 mil s , c tai a larg w ll built 6 8 e 0 0 o e 2 0 0 s city, villag s , 3 c nv nts, churche , and o o of G e e 6 0 0 0 a p pulati n r ks , and n m e of o c and Turks, a small u b r Cath li s e I e d on the e e n de J ws . ts capital, situat ast r si , an d at an e qual distance from th e northe rn an d s o e e e e e e for uth rn xtr miti s , was r markabl t h e b e auty and s olidity of it s e difice s e o e de d e e d n all the Mo p pl re si th r , inclu i g ham e e e d f r m e dan s and I srae lite s . C l brat o its e r an d the e c e c of f tility, n hanting asp t its d n o e d on s d e gar e s , Chi s carri a bri k tra in s ilk an d fruit from thence C onstantinopl e was s d o n e e m o and o upplie with ra g s , l ns , citr ns ; but the most valuabl e producti on of the country um e e e d om the e e d of is g mastic, xpr ss fr s a s e e of e u e h e d p ci s l ntiscus, a s bstanc hig ly priz h d who e e d o by t e Easte rn la ie s , amus th ir in e e c e n d e om c e l nc by h wi g it , riving fr that pra tic as much gratificati on as the ir male re lation s n u e o o e nj oy by inhali g the f m s of t bacc . As it i s e o on d th e 2 2 e p culiar t e istrict , villag s furn i shing mastic were an appanage of t h e I e H e e th e e n 6 mp rial ar m, whil r maini g 4 b e lon ge d t o the metrop olitan Church of Con s t n ino l The e of the a t p e . charact r Chians 2 3 8 N O T E S .

partook of th e softne ss of the ir climat e and h d M d h of e o o o . t e d elicacy t pr ucts f their s il il , e e nd o and o e gay, liv ly, acut , i ustri us, pr v rbially d h e e e d e d e in co e e an d timi , t y succ alik mm rc lit e rature ; th e femal e s we re n ot e d for their ch m an d e and the ho e e o e ar s grac , w l p pl , busy n d on e n e d n e e o n or e d for a c t t , ith r s ught wish a 1 in o o d o Con change the ir p litical c n iti n . At s ant in o le an d ho d of cio e t p S myrna, t usan s S t s fou d e o e o e n d ene s an n mpl ym nt as b atm , gar r , d h nd e an d e e i n the e a icraftsm n ; th r , as w st, the y had e stablish e d the we althie st and most

on de e G e e co e o e . de c si rabl . r k mm rcial h us s Ar nt o o e of e d on and s o e fo d pr m t rs ucati , pas i nat ly n of h e e nd th e e n t ir nativ la , rich citiz ns, spari g n o e e e t o e e it had o d e d e xp ns mb llish , f un in th ir ow e d d o e e r e t n a spl n i c ll g , libra y, mus um, print ” ’ an d —G on l e e o ora vo . . ing pr ss s, h spitals . , i . p 0 For f and f u d e i o f 3 5 . a ull aithf l scr pti n o th e an d o e o of C o municipal th r instituti ns hi , o to the e o o se e the e e e o of pri r R v luti n, xc ll nt w rk ' ’ ’ M Foust el d ou e . e C e M moi re s ur l i /e ae lang s, can 1 8 8 o , Paris , 57 , v .

PAGE 4 .

I o d e e e on e ere he t w ul hav b n l g, p rhaps , t y had ee e e own o n b n abl , within th ir t errit ry, a d

1 Thi s of course refers t o the mass livi ng at home ; the S ciote merchan ts set tled abroad were generally z ealous in the u rt ca se of libe y .

2 O 40 N T E S .

PAGE 5.

Rhi as wh o i s on d e e d “ th e t g , c si r as first mar yr h e of G e e e o e e t o t e caus r k lib rty, was b rn at V l s

o i n e s s 1 . e d e tin , Th aly, in 7 54 Fir at an arly h for f e e do he e d his age with a t irst r m, quitt e an d e o e e d of o s de native plac , b ing p ss ss c n i rable n n e d i n 1 0 e e t o h e l e arni g, was am 7 9 S cr tary t Ho od of Mavro e ni Hi the n sp ar Walachia j s . s wh ole ene rgie s we re n ow concentrat ed in organ o e e of n o e e e o is ing a m v m nt ati nal r g n rati n, e nte ring into communication with th e primate s of e e e and co in diffe rent parts Gr c , mp osing i o h mn He had e e o e e d s tirring patr tic y s . v n p n o on e do e th e up n eg tiati s with B rna tt , Fre nch do e n and on the f f ambassa r at Vi n a, all o Ve nice h e o e e de d t o e e o de e o t o pr c Tri st , in r r p rs nally e n o e t o o e and xplai his pr j ct B napart , claim his o h e e s e d the supp rt . But was arr t by Austrian o e wh o de e e d him t o the h of auth riti s, liv r Pac a e de in 1 8 e e ffo t o s e e his B lgra 7 9 . Ev ry rt cur e e e o e d n and on off r l as pr v unavaili g, his ering e e t o hi s e e on e e le d t o be r sistanc x cuti rs , wh n d n d h e h o o e t e e . e r w in Danub , was sh t Whil d h e s d : “ I h e o th e eed and ying ai av s wn s , th e time will come when my countryme n will ” f His e e e . e e r ap its sw t ruits hymns , sp cially t ! - th e Aefi‘re 711 1 286 9 7 6311 Ew/ vwv and fi g 7167 6 wahh xd ca e c e the d of e e n p , b am watchwor s v ry G ee and th t o e e r k, e music which they w r sung N O T E S . 2 4 1

n h the rk e e e was s o stirri g, t at Tu s th ms lv s h e e o d o n d re p eate d t e first thr w r s, with ut u e r n n h e n c e ene e e bid s ta di g t ir sig ifi anc , wh v r th y h e s e s e t e ir Gre k lav s ing th m.

A P GE 5.

The b e tte r kind of country h ouse s in Chio e d o e I n de e d e are o are call t w rs . th y m stly in h o the us om h n e d built t at f rm , c t avi g surviv th e dange r of th e pirati cal in cursions which first fo s t e re d the i ntroduction of this archite cture i h e of th e de n t e tim s Crusa rs .

8 PAGE .

Prince Ypsilanti crosse d the Pruth on March 1 8 2 1 an d e d h e the e d of th e 7 , , plac ims lf at h a e o e d G e e Mo d e of r v lt r ks at l avia. N ws this e ch e d on n n o e on M c 1 and both r a C sta ti pl ar h 4, h e an d M ch e S out zo s th e Ho od of i a l , sp ar Wal h e e de c e d o O A of ac ia, w r lar utlaws . n pril 4 the e e Ge o th e o of sam y ar, rman s , Archbish p ae n u e d th e of e in the Patr , u f rl flag lib rty Mo e O th e 1 th th e S etziot e s e o e d r a . n s p r v lt ; on th e 2 2 d th e s d of and on th e i lan Psara, 2 h H d and o o in 9 t y ra Sam s r se arms .

PAGE 9 .

“ As it was thought impossible that Ypsi lanti should have engage d in so gigantic an R 2 24 N O T E S .

e e e o o e of o er o nt rpris with ut h p s p w ful supp rt, the Turks naturally con clude d that Russia was

- of the h o e ff at the b ott om w l a air . Supp os i ng thems e lve s surround e d on e ve ry sid e by r e e d e e e e d o p e n o conc al n mi s , r a y t o e xtirpat e e e o an d o e n o e th ir r ligi n nati n , th y saw s curity e xce pt in th e utter de struction of t h e Gre e k he e n f R . U de t e o fe e n ayahs n r influ c this li g, th e e an d th e o e o janissari s p pulac , b th at Con stantino le and in th e e on the o o p villag s B sph rus, e o de and t o e b gan t o c mmit mur rs, br ak int o house s ; an d as th e Port e s e eme d n ot simply t o o e e he t o ou e n e t l rat , but rat r c nt na c such e e e e d e d o th e xc ss s, univ rsal ismay pass int

e of the C . th e e e br asts hristians A t sam tim , the e e e d o S ultan, by an imp rial r script , call up n his Mohamme dan subj e cts t o gird on th e ir e o and d e e d t o d e e d e w ap ns, stan pr par f n th ir f an d o e e d i n fide ls aith m narchy, m nac by by o de t oo the c of th e his r rs , , Patriar h East ern Church fulminate d an e xcommunication against Y d ”— ’ and e e . G0m m vol psilanti his a h r nts , . i . 1 8 p . 4 .

1 1 PAGE .

Th e gre at mass of th e J ews in th e Turkish Empire we re e stablishe d th e re on b e ing e x e lle d o e d n d an d I e p fr m Spain by F r i an sab lla, the Catholics ; an d the ir familiar idiom is still

2 44 N O T E S . on h e 1 1 of th e e of o t th April , discharg a pist l e ed so u m h de e d xcit m ch alar , t at multitu s rush t o the ou an d e e e o e e harb r, s v ral p rs ns w r ” h t o e Gordon d rowne d i n the ir urry scap e . ,

l 1 0 . vo . . i . p 9

1 PAGE 7 .

Th e d of H d S etzae and islan s y ra, p , Psara , are s pe cially d e sign ate d by Gre eks as Naval i s lands o t o the en an d e o , wing str gth sup ri rity of n c o e d of e o the ir avy, whi h pr v such valu t h h e o t e cause of t e insurr cti n .

2 1 PAGE .

“ O the 1 6 of e C o e n th April , Princ nstantin Morousi o n t o th e o e a re , Drag ma P rt , was pp e de d o e o con h n , with ut any pr vi us warning, d e d t o s e - o e of th e e o uct a umm r h us S ragli , e d the Aloeikiosk an d h e e e e de d call , t r b h a . I e d e e d t e n on o e r mm iat ly aft rwar s , c spicu us p s onage s of th e Fanar (including a brothe r of n e Han e rli Mavrocordato S canavi Pri c j , a , a , an d e od o e o e e e e c e d and Th r Riz ) w r x ut , a similar fate overtook man y rich merchants and e The e e e d o e bank rs. int r st that wait up n th ir d e and th e ne o d e o of aths , simulta us structi n a o d of o u e c oo o e d cr w bsc r r vi tims, was s n abs rb by a d e e p e r sympathy for a more illustrious

~ s u fe e . G e o th e e h a f r r r g ry, Byzantin Patriarc , N OT E S . 2 45

e o onn e e d e e P l p sian by birth , was an ag pr lat , o e fe and n e w o e e and f blamel ss li man rs , h s pi ty e s omm n d e d e e e s e e n d e e d virtu c a g n ral t m ; i , th e h o n on e n e ne d of him had d u n igh pi i t rtai , , ri g t h e o e of on fe c se d his e e e d c urs a l g li , au r p at promotion t o th e me tropolitan thron e of the As h e e n hi s e f e the East . was l avi g chap l, a t r e e on of d v ne e ce on the e e n n of c l brati i i s rvi , v i g East e r S un day (April h e was arre st e d by om e of ce s s e d of his ont ifical s Turkish fi r , tripp p o e an d h n e d th e e of hi s own r b s , a g at gat e hi s od ef s us e n d e d for h e e d palac ; b y, l t p t r ays , e cut d o n d e e e d t o s u d of was th n w , liv r a q a 1 e w e e e d o th e owe s e d r e d J s , s l ct fr m l t rabbl , agg [ and h o wn n o h e a o t h e s e e t s e . thr ugh tr ts , t r i t e n h fe w e o n s e d N xt ig t , a z al us Christia s fi h up th e o e m n of th e r an d con m rtal r ai s ma tyr, ve e d e m t o d e s s h e e on t he I s t of y th O a, w r ,

h e e e n e e d o e n o . july, t y w r i t rr with s l m p mp ’ t he n s n of th e c e e cu on At i ta t Patriar h s x ti , e e c s ho ose of e D e rk os thr ar hbi ps (th Eph sus , , an d Auchialus and e e s o f e or ) , ight pri ts a sup ri o d e e e t o d e in d ffe e n u e r r, w r put ath i r t q art rs of th e an d e od e e e d w e city, th ir b i s tr at ith qual ’ nd n G e or d e o e f e e c e d i ig ity . r g y s pl rabl at x it

I I t w as by such mean s t hat t he Port e e xcit ed i t s subject r th e one n t the t r. A t r k n n t r t t o t aces , agai s o he s i i g co as his is n ow prese nt ed by t he relat io n s of pe rfect fellowship exist i ng be twee n th e Greek s an d t heir Jewish fellow cou n t rymen in t he r k n m r To t the r k r v f ee i gdo of G eece . his G ee Heb ews ha e — v u t t t t n . G gi e n a p blic a es a io J . 2 46 N O T E S . throughout Europ e a profound fe eling of horror nd and e e e d en o d h e n o a pity, xasp rat t f l t a im sity of th e G e ek n o uc t o ende e r s , i s m h as r r th ir o t h e o e o re conciliati n with P rt imp ssible . T l 1 8 . o he Gordon vo . . . t o e n , i p 7 ab v arra tive we may add that fifty ye ars lat er (in 1 8 7 1 ) a st e amship unde r th e flag of re ge n e rat e d e e e e d th e o o e n Gre c trav rs B sph rus , b ari g from O de the e of th e n w ssa r mains Patriarch, which o e o e th e C e d of e r p s in ath ral Ath ns .

0 PAGE 3 .

o Tombazi the d of he Jac b , first a miral t unit e d e e of H d S et zae an d s e d fl ts y ra, p , P ara, appear e fo e o on Ma th 1 8 2 1 e d b r Chi y 4 , , but again sail on the 1 th o e e d away 9 , with ut succ ing in raising h d o e o t e islan ers t r v lt .

PAGE 3 3 .

“ oo h e e o o o e out the As s n as t r v luti n br k , G e e e e o m d d Tombazi e d r k fl t, c m an e by , app are e o e o an d d e d e d b f r Sci , isseminat an inc n iary o o d e e h e pr clamati n . I t is sai th y might th n av e e d th e e th e e e Mo e s iz castl , Turks, as w ll as th ir t

llim - s e o e no e n o e e . (g v r r) , b i g c mpl t ly panic struck e r d ffe e o e e f o e V y i r nt , h w v r, r m th ir Samian e o th e e ff e e d n ighb urs , eminate Chians, tr mbl at th e id e a of dange r ; the primat e s be s ought Tombazi n ot to o o e e e and c mpr mis th ir saf ty,

2 48 N O T E S .

n h o of n ade e o o o t e p int maki g sc nt up n Sam s , h e th e G e e e e e n dde u nt w n r k fl t app ari g su nly, b r ’ n e of the e e n o and fru s in n my s tra sp rts , thus hi n Th e c e of t rat e d s de sig s . massa r s Cyprus m e e d on th e th an d on n e d in ce s co m nc o , c ti u d Gordon Tri n l for . o s a t y thirty ays ( , p p litza was take n by assault by th e Gre eks on d 1 8 2 1 The c e e 2 . e o f S e pt mb r 3 , massa r s Cassandra t ook place on th e 3 oth of th e n e xt O o e Gordon The a e o ct b r ( , p . s m auth rity de scribe s as foll ows th e massacre s of Smyrna “ At le n gth th e n e ws of a de feat sustaine d by th e Ottoman marine off Le sbos brought fury t o a crisis on th e 1 5th of June ; on that an d th e following day 3 0 0 0 ruffians assaile d h e G e e e d e e d the o se and t r k quart r, plun r h u s, e e d th e e o e e d slaught r p pl . Smyrna re s embl a e e n e e a e n or s ex plac tak n by assault, ith r g n e e d e e e n c o b e i g r sp ct e . I n th s m la h ly n e the on d c of th e e circumsta c s , c u t Fr nch C onsul (Monsieur David) did him high honour ; hi s house an d garde n being crowde d with G e e fu e th e e of on r k gitiv s , rabbl assassins was th e o of e in an d his n e did p int br aking , Ja issari s n ot e n e t o e s e t he o n v tur r si t wh n C nsul , placi g h m e the e on e o on o e e d i s lfat gat with c mpani , v raw the ince ns e d Mohamme dans by his dignifie d e the o of e or e e carriag , until b ats a Fr nch c v tt , o n t o s n e o e d th e o c mi g his as ista c , f rc villan us ” o t o ee o e e e — 1 1 thr ng s k s m asier pr y. p. 9 . N OT E S . 249

PAGE 44.

I o e e 1 8 2 1 e o n n N v mb r a c rtain B ur ias, a n e of o bu fo m e t h e ativ Chi , t r rly captain in ’ ’ e e of C/zassezm d Orzent s e d the r gim nt , rai by e e and wh o on o n Fr nch R public, , that acc u t , o e an old e n n fo e e e d always w r Fr ch u i rm , pr s nt ’ hims e lf at Ypsilanti s he adquart e rs with a pro e c for s n H n me t j t rai i g a re volt at Chio . avi g o d e ce o om th e e h e ro with a c l r pti n fr Princ , p ce e de d t o m o e nde th e e m e Sa s, th n u r supr d c o s of L cur os o o e e f e of i tat r hip y g L g th t s , ath r th e e e n e d h s o of e n d e lat l ar Arc bi h p Syra, Al xa r L cur os wh o s o e no i n n n d y g , was w ll k wn E gla . “ On the night of the (1 0 ) 2 2 d of March 1 8 2 2 o o e e an d ou n n , L g th t s B r ias, arrivi g with a fl otilla of e ight brigs an d thirty laun che s or s ak olevas e ffe e d d s em o t o th e , ct a i barkati n s ou of e s on d ffe e d t o th Sci o. V r i s i r with r gar h fo n d e t e rce that accompa i e them . I t was th n e d in 0 0 0 : e o n stat , Smyrna, at 5 lat r acc u ts d n s e d o 2 0 0 and the o ode e imi i h it t 5 , m st m rat re ports make it amount t o only 50 0 Samoan s and 1 0 h n e e t wo e e of can 5 C ia xil s, with pi c s n on ; but this last e stimat e s e ems altoge the r n de u e t o th e e of n o s i a q at numb r tra sp rt . A corps of s e veral h undre d Turks d e tache d agains t e m fle d e c e s o n se c e d th pr ipitat ly, upp si g it lf atta k me n and the e o o o by , all xteri r p siti ns 2 50 N OT E S .

do d d th e b eing aban ne with e qual cowar ice, e e o e d od of e insurg nts , r inf rc by a b y p asants , e n e e d th e The e n o e h e e d t r city . citiz s , v rw lm o e o h e e e u in e with c nst rnati n , s ut th ms lv s p th ir h o e Ho e e e n e e o e us s . w v r, wh , at thr h urs aft r n oo th e h d d e e o e n , C ristian stan ar s w r b rn through the stre e ts in proce ssion amidst sh outs '” of Lib erty ! Liberty the y from the ir win d ows gre et e d t he strange rs with a faint an d Th e e n e e e o e . e d i sinc r w lc m villag rs , l ss timi , and provoked at th e ill - tre atment the y had e e e e d o d o ne d th e d e xp ri nc , c r ially j i inva rs , with e o e had o e e d or o d such w ap ns as th y c nc al , c ul th e n o e e e n o at i stant pr cur , th ir rul rs havi g l ng ” e o e e e d e e d b f r pr scrib a g n ral isarming. ’

Ga a n . . r a , p 3 54

6 0 PAGE .

Adamantios K orais was b orn at Smyrna in 1 8 his e e one 'of th e Chiot e 7 4 , fath r b ing many e h c e e e t o m rc ants in that ity. B ing av rs a co e e e he d e d e d ne mm rcial car r, stu i m ici at Mon e e and e d e e d t o tp li r, aft rwar s r pair Paris , e e h e e de d hi s d e in 1 t o 8 . wh r r si ath , April 3 3 By hi s philological an d patri otic writings h e stirre d up th e national id e a an d gre atly con u e d t o th e e of G e e e He trib t r vival r k l arning. is the re fore justly conside re d as the most e o li r i minent f modern Greek tte at .

2 52 N OTE S . same instant V ehib Pasha made a s orti e with o and o of o co n his garris n , a fl tilla b ats nti ually o om th e c f T h m e tran sp orte d tro ps fr amp o c e s . The us e d n o th e o n and e Turks r h i t t w , , aft r a o of s o d u on c e d s wo d c mbat h rt rati , arri , r in n d the h e h of Tourlotti an d the o e ha , ig t h stil The e d s e d ce n e batt e rie s . city th n i play a s whi ch might be amply compare d t o th e sack Me out of th e ue o of o . n Trip lizza rcy was q sti , th e vi ctors butche ring indiscriminate ly all who c e in e e e th e air and am th ir way ; shri ks r nt , th e stre e ts we re stre we d with th e d ead bodie s of old me n om e an d d e e e t h e , w n, chil r n ; v n n e of the h o th e d o e and i mat s spital , ma h us , t he d e an d d m o e e n n af u b instituti n , w r i huma ly m e n om he slaught e re d . Fla s first bursti g fr t ch c of Tourlotti e the n for e n ur h , gav sig al a g e confla rat ion c e d t he t wo fo o ral g , whi h rag ll w i n d an d d e o e d on e of th e n e e g ays , v ur fi st citi s i n h i s o 0 0 0 t e Le vant . I t th ught that 9 p e rsons of eve ry age an d s e x we re slain at t h e ” f h o ol i o n o t e . Gordon v . . . . st rmi g t wn , p 3 57

6 PAGE 3 .

Thre e th ousand Chiots re tire d t o th e mon ast e r of A hi o s M n e five e s y g y as , which li s mil t o the o d of th e on th e d e of s uthwar city, ri g h c o nd th e The ills whi h b u s rich plain . Turks surrounded th e building and summone d them 2 N OT E S . 53

nde The men had e h O e of t o surre r . littl p n de The o e and h d e e scapi g ath . w m n c il r n n s o d s e ou we re sure of b ei g l as lav s . Th gh h e had no e de and e e n e t y military l a r, w r u abl t o take e ffe ctual m e asure s for de fe n ding th e d o d o h e o e e e e t . m nast ry, th y r fus lay wn t ir arms

' Th e d th e d n o an d e Turks carri buil i g by st rm, ” h h d — n Hi s o t e o . tor put all wit in t sw r Fi lay, y ‘ ’ o Me Greek Rew lw zozz vol . . . 1 . f , i p 3 3

6 PAGE 7 .

The Samian s al on e we re able t o offe r re s istan ce for s ome tim e at Hagios - Ge orgio s ; but subs e quently abandoning the i slan d t o the e e f e h e had e e d for it e ook t rribl at t y pr par , th y t u h e e L k our os h e re f ge at Psara, w r y g was t r at ” n of n e n e d with proce e di gs a capital ature . ' ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ’ — e rvinus [m zzrreezzon ez Re en eral zon de la G , g l i 6 8 8 6 V o . . G e e s 1 . . . r c , Pari , 3 p 3

6 PAGE 9 .

“ I n the int erior s ome fighting occurre d ; d V ron dad o and h n the n e n an at T ymia a, i surg ts n d are s aid t o have mad e an h onourable sta . I i s n ot e s e h o e e h the o t l t , , t t j t . s ru w v r a ma ri y of th e S ci ot e s e ithe r suffe re d the mse lve s t o be n or o n d e e e or e s e d e d on slai b u lik sh p, l ragg i nd a mise rable e xist ence n mountain s a caverns, 2 54 N O T E S .

o o t o e e sea s eeking an pp rtunity scap by , as n of e did o e t o e ma y th m , in b ats that cam th ir e e om o and o h r scu fr Psara, Tin s, t er insular ” l i o Gordon vo . . . . p rts . , p 3 59

6 PAGE 7 .

“ On th e whol e of th e island of Psara the re e e but o e e e of od ce d w r f ur w lls, thr which pr u a e Th e fo h e d d brackish wat r . urt , situat insi e h e o n had t o f e for th e n of h e i n t t w , su fic wa ts t ” h n The o e had e Chron abita ts . h us s cist rns . ' ’ ’ ’ ' z ues au L evant oze Memozres s ur l a Gre e e es g , c t l ’ ' con frees w i sznes . D robb 1 8 2 . Paris , , 5

8 PAGE 7 .

D e sirous of pre se rving the district that fur n ish e d t o th e e o an d e d mastic S ragli , satiat with t h e o en of ood h o e d for d t rr ts bl t at fl w six ays, K ara Ali transmitt e d an application through V ehib t o th e o Guidici Pasha English C nsul , th e C o ti e evidi and Mo e Austrian nsul S p , nsi ur e o e of e e e n h e t o Dig n , ag nt Franc , r qu sti g t m o o e e h e pr p s an amn sty t o t e insurg nts . O th e 1 th h e s out on e o n 7 t y et th ir missi n , e ri n e e firman offe b a g with th m an imp rial , ring pardon t o the S ciot e s on th e ir unconditional s o and e e e d o ubmissi n, a l tt r sign by Archbish p o and th e o e o d the e Plat h stag s c nfine in castl ,

2 56 N OT E S .

’ e -a-vis de t érieur de l ile et sur le rivag vis Psara, d e s ort e que la me r fut rougie au l oin du san g ve rsé e t que le s ri che s plain e s étai ent infe ctée s ’ d e la pe st e e t d e l ode ur d e s cadavre s e n d e ” n Gervinus I ns urrecti on et Ré compositi o . , ’ ’ ' ’

e a z n de la Grece . 6 8 . gen r l o , p 3

8 2 PAGE .

of o e o e th e de d h The wailing w m n v r a , t e t oAd La i s e r old G e e o e e e d p y , a v y r k cust m, r f rr t o o th e e e e e w ch by alm st all arli r trav ll rs, but hi f d s e Fauriel Cnants a a is ast i app aring. ( p p ' ’ e M Zazres de [a Grec odern e ii . . 2 e , , p 59 ) giv s wo e e of e e o e t xampl s th s m stly m trical wails , n d his e r e e d e f o e a in v y l arn pr at ry r marks (I . h e trace s t o th e re mot e st Gre e k antiquity us o t o h c h o e e h e e this c t m, w i h w v r attribut s a mistake n e tymological e xplanation when writing ' n l es y rzologn . e e o the e e m Wh n Priam r turns fr m Gr k ca p , e n th e o e of He o the f e e b ari g c rps ct r, un ral rit s b egin with the moirologia;

’ Ha d 5 e m ail do cSoii p g, I 3 I (I I J 0 vwv e a ov o re G rovoeo v av pn gpx g, c I 3 7 3 ) I 3 I \ I A 0 6 (1 6 9 W /6 0 V 6 7TL 86 O' Té Va OI/TO p [ P , X ' ’ l - lzaa . 2 0 2 2 . , xxiv 7 7 N O T E S . 2 57

1 0 PAGE 7 .

C o had e o e o e hi s b c m c mparativ ly tranquil, only thre e or four murd e rs occurrin g daily ; the e e e e s e e d and e mastic villag s w r still r p ct , car fu de d e and e had t he lly guar by El z Aga, th y furthe r advantage of be in g e xempt from a malig n fe e ch s n o the e ch of so ant v r, whi , ari i g fr m st n n e d od e e d on the ma y unburi b i s , rag am g Turks . e e e e oo on e d t o e om N v rth l ss , tr ps c tinu arriv fr he e o of o the e had t int ri r Asia, as th ugh isl ne s e n e of e Re b e e n an i xhau tibl mi w alth . in ’ fo ce d f o o o e t h e r r m C nstantin pl , Capitan Pasha s

e e o e d n e the 1 6 t o h -e fl t am unt , Ju th, t irty ight s ail ; a fre sh acce ssion of force was promi se d him o the s e e an d h e e e c e d fr m am quart r, xp t , e de t o be o e d o e u s d o b si s , j in by a p w rf l qua r n m A e d oo ho d fro l xan ria, as s n as it s ul have accomplishe d its primary obj e ct of tran sporting e Th e f an Egyptian army t o Cret . ast of e n de d on e dnesd the l th and Ramazan W ay g , h nd d ce e e d on the of h t e Gra A miral l brat , night t e 1 8th e d d e er me th e o h , by a spl n i nt tain nt, appr ac of th e oo of h c h e n ot f e d m n Bayram, w i h was at

h o d e d t h - t o b e old . Surr un by e blood s tain e d o h e of o he had fo o e t he c n tr p i s Sci , rg tt n vi i ity of t h e G e e who i e h e e o f u e r ks , , s nc t ir pr vi us ail r , th e o of P e d n lay in harb ur sara, m itati g a plan r is comfi ure W e e n ow t o e fo his d t . hav narrat one of the most e xtraordinarymilitary e xploits re S 2 58 N OT E S .

’ o de d o and t o n od e t o th e e de c r in hist ry, i tr uc r a r s n o e the e o of o n Psariot e o tic , in p rs n a y u g sail r, th e most brillian t patte rn of he roism that Gre e ce in any age h as had t o b oast of ; a h e o t oo s n f o th e e s o e r ism, , pri ging r m pur t m tiv s , a o or Th e unalloye d by mbiti n avarice . Gre e ks o e d h he did n o we re c nvinc , t at if t y t by a d e cisive blow paralys e the Turkish fl e e t be fore o of e its juncti n with that Egypt, th ir islands must be e xpose d t o imminent dange r ; it was o o e d e e o e in h e n o t o pr p s , th r f r , t ir aval c uncil, choose a dark night for s e nding in two brulots h o e ‘ e h e e e e by t e n rth rn passag , w il at ach xtr mity of the s t wo h of o d e trait, s ips war sh ul cruis in r l i rs o orde r t o pick up the b u ott e . C nstantine Canaris of Psara (alre ady distinguishe d by hi s on d Eriss o and G e o e e o of c uct at ) , rg P pin s H d -two o d o o vol y ra, with thirty b l c mpani ns, unt e ere d th e ir s e rvice s ; and having partaken of th e o e e d on th e 1 8th h ly sacram nt , sail in wo e d fire - an d fo o e d t brigs, fitt up as ships , ll w at the same distance by an e scort of two and oo e e o e e e . c rv tt s, a brig, a sch n r Th y b at o d d the d e on of Tch e sme d e t win war in ir cti , un r e and o o and o n e Fr nch Austrian c l urs , ab ut su s t d s o n o h m - f- h re w igh t t e hostile en o war, t at

e e e e d and o de e d t o e e off h e ; th y w r hail , r r k p ; t y e d o d d o e off tack , acc r ingly, but at mi night b r w f e e e e and i n on s the ith a r sh br z , ran am g t e e The Psariote o c o de d b fl t . brul t, mman y

2 60 N O T E S .

o and the e e e e d on brul t , flam s wer xtinguish o d of he r et she s o e o d e d b ar , y was s ri usly amag as t o be unfit for he r ulte rior se rvice ; and the o d n o th e o d s e d e brul t, rivi g ab ut r a t a in a stat of om s on s e t fire t o d two- d e e c bu ti , a thir ck r, whi ch was like wis e pre s e rve d through th e i s e e e e d e xe rtion s of t cr w . Ov rwh lm with e s the e d d pair, Capitan Pasha was plac in a u his e nd n as h e e e d la nch by att a ts , but just s at m s e h e e n s the o and hi lf t r , a mast falli g ank b at , e e se d h im n e e e e e e s ev r ly brui ; v rth l ss, xp rt s e o e d K t o t h e e wimm rs supp rt ara Ala b ach, only t o draw his last bre ath on that spot whe re ha ffe d th e S ciot e hostage s d su re . For thre e quart ers of an hour th e conflagra o e d n and de o e ti n blaz , casti g its light far wi v r he s e a an d th e o of and t c ast Asia, alarming t h e of m r o e h e ve n city S y na, wh s in abitants con template d with wonde r a bright s tre ak in ’ h o - e e sk t wo o oc on t e s uth w st rn y. At cl k h o n n of the l th the fla - t e m r i g g , g ship ble w d o ou d up with a dre a ful expl si on . I t w l be difficult t o paint the const e rnation of th e e e e e e o Turks ; all th ir v ss ls cut th ir cabl s , s me n n out of th e o e h e o e run i g s uth rn c ann l, th rs b e ating up t owards th e north e rn ; if the Gre ek squadrons h ad be en at hand t o take advantage ’ of e on s o the r e th ir c fu i n , S ultan s a mam nt e e e d th e e might hav b n annihilate . Within isl ’ the disorde r was n ot le ss ; whe n the admiral s N O T E S . 2 6 1 h e ode d the Mo e d n s ip xpl , hamm a s utte re d m e e c e and os of e e n la ntabl ri s, m t th m b t the ir od e t o the e h d h s e n h b i s art . Ab i Pas a p t t e re s t of the night wat chi n g by th e m ortal e of th e n s w c e e r mains Capita Pa ha, hi h w r n e e d e fo e n oo me n c o ce e i t rr b r n . This la h ly r mon y wound up t o the high e st pit ch th e fury of th e Ott oman troops of th e m rush e d o the e n or e ns n the int mastic villag s, killi g lavi g e o e and s e of th e e s s nc of p pl , in pit r i ta e Ele z the 1 da of une on umm e d the Aga, 9 th y J c s at of c o I n th e m on of u us t h e ruin S i . th A g t t otal n umb e r of Christians living on that i sland did n ot e e e d 1 8 0 0 an d th e o o ou xc , m st p pul s ” ’ e had on el e d e e —Gom on villag ly tw v in w ll rs . , 6 6 p . 3 . ’ For a graphic account of Canaris s simpli city ’ and h e o c n d e s e e o n Pe chio s Une r i gra ur, C u t ’ ’ ‘ w s zte aux Grecs dans le P n zem s de 1 8 2 ri p 5,

. 0 n d e d e e e 1 1 8 p 3 7 . Ca aris i S pt mb r 5, 7 7 , while Pre side nt of th e C ouncil of Minist ers at

Athens .

1 1 PAGE 7 .

The re i s n ot in mode rn annals so frightful an e xample of th e horrors of war as that pre sen te d at Chios it re calls us t o those dark e poch s wh e n barbarous myriad s ru sh e d d own o n c I f it was e s for th e the ivilised world . a y 2 2 6 N O T E S .

Port e t o instil int o he r Asiatic subj e cts a s of e n e e o e for h er thir t v g anc , it was imp ssibl an d h nd o o e c e e e t e . t ch k th ir car r, stay inu ati n Afte r th e comple te s ubjugation of th e surviving n ot da e d on w c n w inhabitants , a y pass hi h e b odi e s of Anatolian volunte e rs did n ot march n Teh e sme e e e e e f e d t o h i t o , wh nc th y w r wa t t e i sland ; the sight of othe rs who had gone e fo e e n n e an d e o b r , r tur i g with slav s valuabl sp il, e d e e e and for d of stimulat th ir impati nc , upwar s a month fe rocious Turks roame d about th e o do n e e e c untry, hunting w mis rabl fugitiv s , and e n th e e of h e o e gl ani g fragm nts t ir p v rty . Ele z Aga prote ct e d the mastic village s from h e o o o e o had t ir irrupti n , but f ur th r cant ns , that e e d th e e e of th e e e e qually shar b n fit amn sty, w r e d th e oo o o ravag by unruly tr ps . A p pul us c fo -six o e and ity, rty fl urishing villag s , many e nd d o e e d e d t o e e e d spl i c nv nts , r uc ash s, att st t h e fie rce ne s s o f Mohamme dan re ve nge ; and it e d th e e n d of Ma 2 was calculat at y, that n had f e th e e d e of t he o d Chia s all n by g sw r , an d b e e n dragge d int o slave ry among the latte r we re th e fe male s an d childre n of th e e s f e Not fe w e owe d h e i b t amili s . a captiv s t r e on t o th e h of n e and lib rati c arity stra g rs , parti cularl of th e n e c of n who y [Fra k! m r hants Smyr a , , i n h e e e n h o c e fo e t s m la c ly ircumstanc s , rg tting e e nm t o th e G e ek o e d th ir ity r s , rans m a de of o e com multitu pris n rs but this was , para

2 6 4 N O T E S . all G e e e o e and t oo r c pr claims th m, with much ” e e of u Gord o 6 0 . n . app aranc tr th , p . 3 Me e e ue con s e t e n a e e m qu lq s sulat , p rti c ux en u le vi e d e n d e e n s e qui avai t sa vé ta t g , fur nt ’ ’ accus és par l opi n i on d avoir ve n du le ur pro t e cti on aux primats l e s plus ri ch e s p our d e ’ omm e s d n L o B forte s s arge t . e Nap litai n og ’ haco fut s urtout un d e ce s t rafican t s d h omm e s on le o s d e e d e tr uva plu tar , apr s la chut Psara, s n au e d e s le o e e d u fai a t , mili u Turcs , c mm rc butin dan s ce tt e ile oil il trouva une mort o n e au e d c s nfa vi le t mili u e e i me s occupations . ’ C e ux qui s étaie nt sauvés dan s le s il e s furent d u a e a e nd e t ala ré its la pauvr té, la m icité e e ff e e o d e hi o e s . e C t mis r la plus a r us B auc up , n d n un e o d ce e aya t vécu a s ab n an sybaritiqu , avaie nt ap e ine ramassé d e quoi couvrir leur nudité e t d e quoi prolonge r le ur mis erable e s e n e on o d e s fe e e vétue s xi t c v yait mm s rich s , ’ d e uen ille s od e d or d le s d o e d e q br é s , ans ul urs ’ l e nfant em e nt e o e e n e a e , xp sé s pl in an la chal ur ’ du o e al humidi é d e s L e s n e s l il e t t nuits . étra g rs q ui vire nt ce s lieux de d esolation n e pure n t ’ jamais oubli e r l impre s sion te rrible q ue le ur ’ e u e l as e ct d e e e ile e n n n e avai nt ca sé p c tt sa gla té , ’ ce s i nsulaire s mue ts d angois se e t d e d oule ur e e e co e s ur e d e eme ue qui rrai nt n r la plag , m q e a en e on a o e le s c ux qui , Ath s Arg s , vir nt Chiot e s u n e e d e le o e r réf giés , p r ir nt jamais s uv ni d e s récits d échirants q ue leur faisaient ce s ge ns N O T E S . 2 65

’ de e d n e ou hébét e s heureux l ur élivra c , par leurs e n e n e nc malh e urs ou r spira t la v g a e . U n e ’ n ombre us e p opulati on avait été frappée d un chat im e nt t e l ue d n le s e m s mode n e s q , a s t p r , le s elem e nt s ave ugl e s e n ont s e ul s i nfligé aux h o e s il fut o n s um e em e mm ; pr uvé ai i , par x pl ou rece nt ue d n le s s s e d u e u e t t , q , a s ma s p pl ’ e us n c e n ne d une n u e turc, la barbari la pl a i at r ’ a d e e n é ait e n o e e n e emi b stial t pas c r ét i t . ’ ! uand l hist oire nous offre d e s s p e ctacl e s aus si e ff n e t s s mou n on n e e raya ts au i é va ts, p ut che rche r un e con s olati on q ue dan s l e urs ré s ultat s et dan s leur signifi cati on au mili e u d e ’ h in em e n n d e n m n L e l e n c a t gé éral s évé e e ts . d s s e h o e e e e n m e d e chain ée é a tr rribl , c tt fur ur i fa on e une o u o fidele e n offe n e c tr p p lati n , douc , i siv ’ e t n o e n e e t e e o o i n s o e n e d un e i n c t , c tt vi lati n l t prome ss e d e grace e t d e m oderat ion publique e o c m e e t n e n u ue m nt pr la é gara ti , servire t , pl s q ’ o e u e c os e a d e l o ini n u ue e n t ut a tr h , ai r p o p bliq , o e as e o on e d e fini i m e nt s ur e e Eur p , pr n c r t ve c tt lutt e t errible d e d eux peupl e s e n appare n ce e m e n e e t oule s co s e s égal t barbar s , cruautés mmi d e s d eux cOtés avai e nt p endant longtemps t e nu ’ le s am e s con s cie n cie use s dan s l in ce rtit ud e e t ’ ’ d n le d o e O e conn on n avait a s ut . n r ut qu pas s e u e en ff e ad e s e nn e m e d e ch e n l m t a air i s la réti té , mais aux e nn emis d e t out e nature humaine e t ” d ou h m n e / 1 e e . G rt i n ns . t t u a ité , p . 3 7 ’ ' D elacroix famous picture L e Massacre d e 2 66 N O T E S .

’ Cli za n ow the o e has o e d , in L uvr , p pularis in France this tragic e pisode of th e Gre ek war of

Lib eration .

2 0 PAGE 1 .

W e have s e en that in 1 8 2 1 th e Mot e sellim had k e o e h o e n e ta n h stag s , w s umb r was aug d o o V ehib m e nt e d by e gre e s t foursc re . Pasha subs e que ntly d e spatched four of the m t o Con stantino le h e th e d e ed p , but w n Samians is mbark h e still ke pt in cust ody s eve ntys- ix of th e prin ci al e ud th c o an d th p citiz ns , incl ing e ar hbish p e e d of the e e e me n e e c e h a s cl rgy . Th s w r l arly n o e S o far om e e o i n c nt . fr stimulating r b lli n , e had do e all e o e t o e e it th y n in th ir p w r pr v nt , an d h ad by the ir le tt ers contribut e d t o th e acification of th Mast icokh oria and t o o o p e , L g ’ e e o Ye t oo h e had th ti s xpulsi n . , as s n as t y p erforme d that s e rvice the y we re e xe cut e d with e e of o and e e v ry mark ign miny, th ir r mains ow o the e e e o of thr n int wav s , wh r , with sh als o e rde d od e e o e d o d the O o th a b i s, th y fl at ar un tt e e e e i s e o t o e e e h man v ss ls. Th r r as n b li v t at a dire ct orde r from the Sultan pre scribe d this oc e e the e e the o h os atr ity, b caus at sam tim f ur e C on o e an d eve or e tag s at stantin pl , s n ight S ci ot e merchants s ettl e d in the capital we re t o d e Th e s e o o h put ath . flim y all gati n br ug t forward t o justify th e p erp etration of so shock

2 68 O N T E S .

1 2 PAGE 7 .

’ ’ L ile d e Tinos e st auj ourd hui (1 8 2 4) la plus agréabl e e t la plus flori s sant e d e s Cyclade s ‘ t e fut la d e rniere p os se s si on d e s ’ ’ Vé niti e n s dans l Archipel ; ils n e l évacuere nt ’ L e s Tiniot e s s e c o e n qu e n 1 7 1 4 . r yai t a ’ ’ d e o d n e e u ils e n l abri t ut a g r, parc q étai t d élivrés d e l eur Aga e t d e s e s trois jann is saire s ’ San Nicolo (la capital e d e l ile ) a vu sa ’ ’ o o s au m en t e r d e 1a ue e d un p pulati n g , puis g rr , ’ grand n ombre d e famille s qui s y s ont réfugiée s L e s Tiniot e s sont e xt réme me nt p ortés ’ au L e s fem e o en d e u plaisir . m s y j uiss t un pl s grand e libe rté que dans aucune autre partie d e e o o d n e e st la Grece . L ur passi n p ur la a s e xtreme n ous approchi ons d u carnaval e lle s con sacrai ent ace t amus e me n t d e nuits e nt iere s n d e s o O d a o e u e e . t parti j urs n ansait Tin s , ” ’ Ra oan a ii 1 2 o n o e e . . ég rg ait aill urs . y , . p 4 “ ’ ” e e o i e de o l e d e o S als L l Tin s , by A xis Vall n ’ ’ i n h Revue aes D e x Mon s n I st 1 8 t e n ne e . , Ju , 43 This arti cle has b e e n translat e d int o Gre e k an d publishe d at Tinos ; for th e island i s n ow posse sse d of a printing pre ss and a j ournal .

1 1 PAGE 4 .

The M Oi Miik ot i s th e n e of s ills , , am a mall haven facing th e t own of Nauplia it was th e 2 N O T E S . 69 p ort used by the Gre ek army investing the fortre ss .

1 2 PAGE 4 .

’ ! uelque t emps s euleme nt avant l insurre c ’ on é ris n omm ch d ff e ti , N g avait été é argé a air s d o e 2 en n e n ce e n d n e la P rt Paris ; appr a t , r a t ’ aM s e e l ex losion d e o e fidele a ar ill , p la rév lt , s e s om o e s infidele as on i e il c patri t , mais ma tr , avait j e té s e s l e ttre s de créan ce ala m e r p our d e ss e e e o e . e e mbra r la caus la rév lt P tit , maigr , m d e d e s a n e e nd d ti i atur , mais r u har i par ’ l ambition il un d e s omme le s us , était h s pl h e le s u le s s s abil s, plus r sés, plu actifs, mai ’ aussi d e s plus ve rsatil e s d e l ecole diplomatique

d e c Gervi n us . 2 . e s Gr s , p 3 4 s o on n n o e o d N e gri was b rn at C sta ti pl , t war s h n He e d th e e n d of t e last ce tury . first s rve as e e -Gene n d e Callimachis Hos S cr tary ral u r , od of c He d e d om u p ar Wala hia . i fr typh s at on th e 2 2 d of M 1 8 2 n Nauplia, arch 4 . Fi lay 6 h e e th e d en e of his (i . p . 3 5 ) t us r lat s a v tur s library “ Th e small but ch oice library of Theodore e the e c e of e e d off N gris, S r tary Stat , was carri n s o e o s e M n o d e The o a t l n h r by a a iat s l i r . h ors e fell lame ; the Maniat th e n s old it for two d o t o an of e who ou h it t o llars fic r, b g t carry e t o his s o d e wh o e e o ed on the wat r l i rs , w r p st hill above Le rna ; t o his surprise he found 2 70 N O T E S .

e o of i o e d himself in p oss ssi n a l brary . S m ays e th e oo e n o th e o e s o of aft r, b ks cam i t p ss si n H n wh o n fo e d e ris of th e Captain asti gs , i rm N g fat e of his library ; but that re stle s s politician n e e e e s e d s t o e os se h e v r xpr s a wi h r p ss t m, p e rhaps n e ve r aft erwards had a place where he ” thought them safe .

1 PAGE 44 .

The convention for th e surrende r of the ne d on e 1 8 1 8 2 2 Nauplia was sig Jun , . But th e b e si e ge d protracte d th e ne gotiation s in the ’ hop e that Dram-Ali s e xpe dition would n ot only s e th e fo e o e e e av rtr ss, but c mpl t ly subjugat G e e e His o n d on r c . army, thirty th usa str g, crosse d the S pe rchios on th e 2 9 th of that on an d d o d e m th , was a vancing s uthwar , wh n , on th e 2 6 th of u the G e e de C o o o J ly, r ks , un r l c t roni s n e d the k o th e , an ihilat Tur ish h st in d e n o o e of e e e C . fil D rw n , ar rinth That fam us victory save d Gre e ce The si ege of Nauplia o e e d The o e e d was re c mm nc . t wn r sist until the o n of 1 2 th e e e the fe of m rni g D c mb r, stival d e e S l o h d of St . An r as , wh n ta k s, with a an ful d d m n d h lamidi e o e e e t e de of Pa . v t , captur cita l

1 PAGE 4 5.

- 1 2 A u 2 Nau lie un o t 1 8 9 . p e st e petit e e e e a e s e e e le ed d u vill ass z bi n b ti , itué ntr pi

2 2 7 N O T E S .

de faith . A tachme nt of 1 0 0 Algerine s lande d for the o e of k e e purp s ta ing cattl , but , b ing o o e d th e M conio e s vig r usly assail by y t , we re d e off e n e en e e d e d e n d h e riv n , l avi g s v t n a b hi t m , while th e Gre e ks had but t wo wound e d : th e O tt oman admiral did n ot think prop e r t o n e f o o h ave g this af r nt . At Tin s t e vi ew of th e h o e e e e e d the o e stil fl t xcit utm st nthusiasm , not l e s s than 7 0 0 0 me n pre paring t o d e fend the m s e e t o th e e e h e o e lv s last xtr mity ; t ir c urag , h o e e not t o t h e e for th e w v r, was put t st , Turks o e e de d t o e e d o and o e d pr c T n s, anch r the re t o ’ ” h o de . Go d 1 t e r on 6 8 . await Sultan s r rs , , p . 4

1 8 PAGE 5.

I n most of th e Gre ek islands t he sound of ' K b efore t h e o e e t v an d th e d n v w ls , , , iphtho gs of th e e e e o e s o sam valu , b c m s as ft almost as o e and i th e italian 6 b e f re . I n like manne r y an d X are pron ounce d as gutturals b e fore 0 and (1 e e he e o e o e o e the o , wh r as t y b c m s ft b f r ab ve o e d o e menti n v w ls .

A P GE 1 8 6 .

Th e local magistrate s in Chio and in most of th e othe r parts of Gre e ce were calle d O o é ovr e e de of the co n e pp y p g, l rs mmu . This is e e d e o e e o e d a v ry anci nt signati n , b ing mpl y N O T E S . 2 73

’ ' in h e Ho e : I lzaa t e e e I I I . 1 sam s ns in m r , 49 , ’ ’ ’ d narorn a e 2 A o e A cn . 0 0 xi . 3 7 . ls Euripi s , v 3 .

PAGE 1 9 7 .

” Masti cochoria i s the name given collect ively t o the 2 2 village s situat e d in the southe rn of the d e e the od d part islan , wh r mastic is pr uce , h o state d in t e N ote t p . 4 .

R . L A RK Pri n ted by R. C ,