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Contribution À La Connaissance Des Orchidées Des Îles De Chios, Inousses Et Psara (Nomos Chiou, Égée Orientale, Grèce)

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Contribution À La Connaissance Des Orchidées Des Îles De Chios, Inousses Et Psara (Nomos Chiou, Égée Orientale, Grèce) 20XP 033-048 18.09.18 11:31 Page 41 www.orchidelforge.eu Natural. belges 88 (Orchid. 20) (2007): 41-227 Contribution à la connaissance des Orchidées des îles de Chios, Inousses et Psara (Nomos Chiou, Égée orientale, Grèce) par Pierre DELFORGE (*) et Pantelis A. SALIARIS (**) Abstract. DELFORGE, P. & SALIARIS, P.A. - Contribution to the knowledge of the Orchids of the islands of Chios, Inousses, and Psara (Chios district, eastern Aegean, Greece). After a short presentation of the geology, the geomorphology, the human impact over the landscape, and the vegetation of the island of Chios, a review of the past and present studies about Chian orchids is made. It appears that Chios has attracted less attention from the orchids specialists than the other large eastern Aegean islands as Lesbos, Samos or Rhodos so that only 37 orchids species were known for Chios in 1998 (Table 1). The negative repercussions of the climatic changes on the eastern Aegean orchid flora, particularly strong in 2007, are evo- ked. Nevertheless, research in Chios, Inousses and Psara in March, April, and May 2007 has revealed respectively 61 orchid species for the island of Chios, and 66 orchid species for the district of Chios, which comprises the 3 islands (Table 2). The 5 species present on Psara and/or Inousses but absent on Chios are Dactylorhiza romana, Ophrys ariadnae, O. bombyli- flora, Serapias cordigera and S. orientalis, but the determinations of the two latter, not seen in flowers in 2007, need to be confirmed. Among the 61 species of the island of Chios, 6 are represented by only 1 individual very sporadic: Ophrys lesbis, O. speculum, Orchis boryi, O. lactea, O. quadripunctata, and Serapias carica, 3 are represented by only 2-5 individuals in flowers in 2007, growing on one single site: Cephalanthera longifolia, Ophrys calypsus, and Orchis punctulata, and 7 are present in only 1-2/439 squares of 1 km × 1 km: Cephalanthera epipactoides, Epipactis densifolia, E. turcica, Ophrys cf. lindia, O. attaviria var. cesmeensis, Orchis tridentata, and Serapias parviflora. Discussion are made for each species observed or listed in the district of Chios, following the order used in DELFORGE (2006A). Serapias bergonii is the single species of the genus aboundant in 2007. The other Serapias species seem to have sufferered from the winter dry- ness on Inousses, where they mainly grow; they are always very rare on Chios where they have not appeared in 2007, with the exception of S. parviflora. All the Anacamptis pyrami- dalis seen in 2007 belong to A. pyramidalis var. brachystachys. In the genus Orchis, the O. morio species group is represented only by O. picta var. caucasica and O. boryi, the latter seen once only, in April 2002; all the O. papilionacea seen in 2007 belong to O. papil- ionacea var. heroica. On the other hand, the aboundance of Himatoglossum robertianum in the south of the island of Chios is notable. It is the sole Himantoglossum species on Chios. (*) avenue du Pic Vert 3, B-1640 Rhode-Saint-Genèse E-mail: [email protected] (**) P.O. Box 75, GR-82100 Chios Manuscrit déposé le 17.IX.2007, accepté le 12.X.2007. © P. DELFORGE & Section Orchidées d’Europe des Naturalistes belges Les Naturalistes belges, 2007, 88, hors-série - spécial Orchidées n°20 [ISSN: 0028-0801]: 41-227 41 Copyright © 2007 P. Delforge. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. 20XP 033-048 9.03.18 17:08 Page 42 The genus Ophrys is represented by 37 species sometimes considered, as usual, as difficult to identify. The sectio Pseudophrys on Chios comprises 12 or 13 species which belong to 5 species groups. The Ophrys iricolor group is represented by the sole O. iricolor, rather wide- spread. The O. attaviria group is represented by O. attaviria (var. attaviria and var. cesmeensis), O. parosica (var. parosica, rather widespread, and var. phaseliana, much more rarer), a taxon very rare tentatively identified to O. lindia, and a species rather widespread in Chios and probably present on other eastern Aegean islands, which is generally identified, with reservations, to O. leucadica or to a “late-flowering” O. sitiaca; it is described here as Ophrys pelinaea P. DELFORGE spec. nova. The O. blitopertha group is represented by O. blitop- ertha and its sister species, O. persephonae, the O. subfusca group by O. cinereophila, rather widespread, the O. lutea group by O. sicula, widespread, and O. phryganae, the O. omegaifera group by O. omegaifera, O. basilissa, O. sitiaca, and, perhaps, O. fleischmannii. The section Euophrys on Chios comprises 24 species which belong to 10 species groups. The Ophrys speculum group is represented by O. regis-ferdinandii and by only one individual of O. speculum which has not flowered since 2003. The O. tenthredinifera group is represent- ed by O. bombyliflora, present only on Psara, the large flowered O. leochroma, and O. vil- losa. O. apifera is present on Chios, but very rare. The O. bornmuelleri group is represented by a taxon usualy determined as O. fuciflora (s.l.) but here identified to O. lyciensis; it is very rare and endangered in Chios by new agricultural practices. The O. oestrifera group is partic- ularly species-rich and original on Chios; it comprises O. ceto, O. dodekanensis, O. minutula, O. phrygia and 2 species identified till now, with more or less reservations, to different tax- ons which do not belong to the Chian flora, i.e. O. cerastes, O. cornuta, O. cornutula, O. oestrifera, O. lapethica or, even, to the Syrian O. latakiana; the first species, early-flower- ing, present also on Lesbos, is described here as Ophrys orphanidea SALIARIS & P. DELFORGE spec. nova, the second one, late-flowering, probably endemic of Chios, as Ophrys masticorum P. DELFORGE & SALIARIS spec. nova. The Ophrys heldreichii group is represented by 2 «scolopax- oid» species, O. calypsus and O. homeri, described from Chios; few individuals of a third species of the group, also very late-flowering, but with «fucifloroid» labellum, has been dis- covered in 2005 and tentatively identified to O. aeoli, O. halia, and O. helios; new popula- tions of that taxon have been found in 2007 and it appears clearly that they represent a very original species, probably endemic of the south of Chios; it is described here as Ophrys chiosica P. DELFORGE, C. ONCKELINX & SALIARIS spec. nova. The O. umbilicata group comprises O. umbilicata, rather widespread, probably O. attica, and O. bucephala, very rare. The Ophrys reinholdii group is represented by 2 species, O. reinholdii, on Chios, and O. ariadnae, found only on Psara so far. The O. argolica group is represented by one individ- ual of O. lesbis, discovered on Chios in March 2007. The O. mammosa group is represented by O. ferrum-equinum, with very varied flowers, and O. mammosa. After carefull examination of “critical” plants precisely located in the field as well as numerous photographs, published or not, it appears that numerous old or very recent men- tions of orchids, made for Chios, are questionable or erroneous. As a result, the presence of Ophrys fleischmannii, Serapias cordigera, S. orientalis, and S. vomeracea in the district needs to be confirmed, and the following species must be deleted from the list of the orchids of the district of Chios: Anacamptis pyramidalis var. urvilleana, Gymnadenia conopsea, Ophrys aeoli, O. astypalaeica, O. bremifera, O. cerastes, O. climacis, O. cornuta, O. cornu- tula, O. cretica, O. ‘fuciflora-holoserica’, O. fusca, O. halia, O. helios, O. heterochila, O. israelitica, O. lapethica, O. latakiana, O. leucadica, O. leucophthalma, O. lutea, O. mele- na, O. mesaritica, O. oestrifera, O. ‘perpusilla-punctulata’, O. rhodia, O. scolopax, O. spruneri, O. straussii, O. tenthredinifera (s. str.), Orchis morio (s. str.), O. papilionacea var. alibertis, O. papilionacea var. grandiflora, O. ×sezikiana. A list of species for each island and 62 distribution maps, based on the presence in × 439 UTMwgs84 squares of 1 km 1 km, are provided as well as a list of 613 sites of Chios, 7 of Inousses, and 3 of Psara, prospected during the spring 2007, from March 8 to May 20. Key-Words: Flora of Greece, flora of Aegean, flora of Chios islands group. Chios, Inousses, Psara; Orchidaceae, Ophrys chiosica P. DELFORGE, C. ONCKELINX & SALIARIS spec. nova, Ophrys masticorum P. DELFORGE & SALIARIS spec. nova, Ophrys orphanidea SALIARIS & P. DELFORGE spec. nova, Ophrys pelinaea P. DELFORGE spec. nova. 42 20XP 033-048 9.03.18 17:08 Page 43 Περιληψη. DELFORGE, P. & SALIARIS, P.A. - Συνεισφορα στην γνϖση τϖν Ορχιδεϖν τϖν νησϖν Χιου, Ψαρϖν καιΟινουσσϖν (Νοµος Χιου, Ανατολικο Αιγαιο, Ελλαδα). Μετα απο συντοµη παρουσιαση της Γεϖλογιας και της Γεϖµορφολογιας, της ανθρϖπινης επιδρασης στο τοπιο και της βλαστησης της Νησου Χιου, εγινε επισκοπιση τϖν παρελθοντϖν και τϖν παροντϖν µελετϖν για τις Χιακες Ορχιδεες (Πινακας 1). Φαινεται οτι η Χιος ειχε τραβηξει λιγοτερο την προσοχη τϖν ειδικϖν για τις ορχιδεες, απο τα αλλα µεγαλα νησια του Ανατολικου Αιγαιου, οπϖς η Λεσβος, η Σαµος η η Ροδος, ουτϖς ϖστε το 1998 µονο 37 ειδη ορχιδεϖν ηταν γνϖστα απο την Χιο. Υπενθυµιζεται ο αρνητικος αντικτυπος απο τις κλιµατικες αλλαγες στην χλϖριδα τϖν ορχιδεϖν στο Ανατολικο Αιγαιο, ειδικα εντονη το 2007. Εντουτοις, η ερευνα στην Χιο, στις Οινουσσες και τα Ψαρα, τον Μαρτιο, Απριλιο και Μαιο 2007, ανεδειξε σχετικα 61 ειδη ορχιδεϖν για τη Νησο Χιο και 66 ειδη ορχιδεϖν για την Περιφερεια της Χιου, που περιλαµβανει τα 3 νησια (Πινακας 2).
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