Greek experience with water management under water scarcity, with emphasis on islands

Nicholas Petroulias, Chairman of Hellenic Water Associaon Greece

14 Dec, 2016 Contents

Α • Hellenic Water Associaon (HWA)

Β • Greek Regulatory Framework/Instuons and their roles

C • Desalinaon and Water Treatment in Greece

D • Non Revenue Water in Greece

E • PPP and Performance Based Contracts

F • Cooperaon Opportunies Hellenic Water Associaon Who we are š Hellenic Water Associaon (HWA) is a non-profit associaon. The Greek Governing . š Founded in , non governmental, non-profit and voluntary organizaon. š A , support top-class research, provide high-quality service to society. The main purpose of HWA is to play a primary role in water and wastewater management.

The idealisc core is the applicaon of the The ulmate goal of the HWA is to assist in best available pracces and contemporary the environmental awareness of the society methods for water and wastewater and contribute to its sustainable growth management Αn interdisciplinary associaon that primarily aims to.. Provide scienfic and professional support to water operators

Help develop and implement policies concerning Water and Wastewater Management

Develop educaonal programs and projects water and wastewater management policies Be recognized at a naonal level as the most specialized body of experts on water and wastewater management technical issues Consult the Greek Government on environmental legislave aspects and policies the Hellenic Water Associaon has set very high in its agenda..

On the one the provision of Οn the other, hand, HWA as support through HWA tries to an ensemble and technical sessions, convey the through each of seminars, obtained know- its members workshops and how to all key individually- conferences in the stakeholder tries to stay on field of Water groups, forming top of the Losses aiming to thus a chain internaonal assist Water between developments in Ulies in building internaonal the constantly capacies within pracces and evolving field of their organizaons local managerial water tradions management What we’ve done

HWA has managed to achieve mul-diverse acons and essenal publicity

Strong foundaons towards the goal of achieving greater public response

Several Conferences, with representaon by Board Members, but also by Regular Members of the Associaon (Scienfic & Organizing Commiees)

Since March of 2013, HWA is a member of the IWA

Claimed and ensured the one and only posion reserved for Greece in the General Assembly of Governing Members of IWA. “EU Good Practices on Leakage Management“

Ø For informaon regarding HWA and its acvity, please visit our website: hp://www.hwa.gr/ Water Management Task Force

Ø Distribution and Technical Support to the Utilities and Municipalities of: “EurWB&PICalcs” (European Water Balance & Performance Indicators Calculations) of the LEAKS Suite (Leakage Evaluation and Assessment Know-how software) by the ILMSS Ltd. for the assessment of leakage throughout the water distribution networks of Municipalities- Water Utilities *from the ILMSS Ltd. website HWA organizes.. o May 2015 in the city of Thessaloniki, the IWA Balkan Young Water Professionals 2015 Conference (hp://www.bywp2015.gr/), in collaboraon with IWA. o Common Conference “INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF WATER RESOURCES IN THE NEW ERA”, with the Hellenic Hydrotechnical Associaon (ΕΥΕ) and the Greek Commiee on Water Resources Management (ΕΕΔΥΠ) in Athens, December 2015. (hp://3rd-conference.waterinfo.gr/) o Periodic “newsleer” named Ύδωρ (Hydor- water in ancient Greek, root for hydr-) ¥ not only in the literal sense of “know-how” but in a greater sense Parcipaons- Co-organizing Events

Ø the organization of the 13th International Conference v 2nd EWaS Conference- Chania Greece, June “Small Water 2016 and Watewater (Co-organizing) Systems” ( hp:// Participation in the Workshop that was www.swws2016. organized by University of Thessaly, Civil Engineering Department for the members of the gr/), with the Greek Water Utilities within the framework of collaboration of DRINKADRIA project (IPA Adriatic programme the NTUA 2007-2013) National Technical The Workshop was about “Efficient and U n i v e r s i t y o f Reciprocating Use of Urban Water” Athens, under Our participation was about stating the “Need the aegis of the for adoption of common methodology tools for IWA the efficient operation of water distribution networks in Greece”

Parcipaons- Co-organizing Events

Participation in the 2-day v Participation in the Water Conference Conference of the Greek 2016* as “honorary support” & oral Association of Utilities (April presentation 2016) * The Annual Encounter for the Sustainable Title: “Single adopon of water Water Resources Management balance and reclamaon of new Topic Units: technologies in the Ulies ü Contemporary Challenges & Methods to networks” Manage and Govern Water Resources Representaon by our member Mr. ü Good Practices for Implementing Tools, Charalambous (past Chair of IWA’s Technological Solutins and Innovations in Water WLSG) with the subject of “Praccal Resources Management implementaon of the IWA ü Water Security methodology on water loss management throughout water ü Blue Cities distribuon networks” ü Dialogues Panels: E n e r g y / W a t e r / Development and Water Consciousness

Primary Goals

‘’conveying the need for healthy, efficient strategic planning, aiming at a reducon of losses –both physical and financial. Within this framework, we are promong the efficiency of “smart” and “integrated” soluons’’

‘’promong best pracces and methodologies for managing and reducing water losses ‘’

‘’creang the necessary condions for mainstreaming water losses in water ulity operaons ‘’ The Greek Water Ulies record daily enormous losses (physical & financial)

“Poor” network condions, because of the corresponding “poor” management

The insufficient and inefficient pressure management

The accumulated damages, breaks, leaks and bursts in the network, the difficulty of tracing and repairing them

The insufficient level of accuracy and quality of measurements Our approach on Water Losses Management

What are the advantages On-going acvity, and not a one me soluon vIncrease in efficiency Quintessenal part of the vReinforcement of a sustainable operaonal management of water strategy distribuon networks vReducon of the energy needs and power Long term planning strategies use vIncrease of income for the Supplier / reducon in non-revenue water Economically advantageous in vElongaon of the lifespan of the system’s case of drought infrastructure v Adopng of suitable- Less needs for investments in the appropriate methodologies maintenance field- damages, replacements etc. The basic steps in targeng the Water Losses for the Greek Water Ulies a) evaluation/ calculation of losses b) identifying of the “source”- reason for losses c) prioritizing these reasons based on severity and importance d) planning of intervention solutions e) prioritizing the solutions f) implementation of the most efficient and “economic” solutions in the long run

Means & Strategies for Managing Losses* qKnowledge & evaluaon of the network’s condion qIsolated pressure zones qMeasuring systems, pressure-flow recording at the heads of the supply, creang databases qCalculang the water balance qPressure management program qIdenfying the level of losses/zone qImplemenng an acve leakage control program qFast and quality repair of leakages qUsing firm specificaons when it comes to any part and material of the water distribuon network & to the procedures of installing new network secons qReplacing of problemac secons of the network which connue to present a high burst frequency even aer all of the above *based on the basic IWA Best Pracce methodology

Greek Regulatory Framework – Instuons and their roles q Naonal Water Commission the high-level inter-ministerial body which is responsible for policy making for the management and protecon of water in naonal level q Naonal Registry of Water Abstracon Points electronic registry, a database of geospaal data and services q Naonal Water Council consults the Naonal Water Commission for the naonal protecon and management of the country's water resources programs q Ministry of Environment, Energy & Climate Change Special Secretariat for Water responsible for the development and implementaon of all programs related to the protecon and management of the water resources in Greece and the coordinaon of all competent authories dealing with the aquac environment q Decentralized Administraons water protecon and management strategy q Regional Authories strategic planning q Municipal Enterprises for Water Supply and Sewerage provide water supply & sewerage services, design, construct, install, operate, manage, maintain, expand & upgrade water supply & sewerage systems, pump, desalinate, process, transfer, store & distribute water, manage & dispose the wastewater treatment products q Associaon of Municipal Enterprises for Water Supply and Sewerage coordinate the acvies of 115 members and assists them to improve their services in the water supply and sewage sectors (EUREAU member) Greek Regulatory Framework – Instuons and their roles Ownership of water supply infrastructure Municipal Enterprises for Water Supply and Sewerage q Water and sanitaon projects performed or to be performed on the basis of studies that has been or will be adopted in the area of competence. q Manage exisng sewers and water and wastewater facilies as well as all the sewers or open channels that flow directly or indirectly to the network. q Operate all drinking water and wastewater treatment plants.

Athens Water Supply and Sewerage Company (EYDAP S.A.) q Largest water ulity in Greece, serves approximately 4,300,000 customers q Founded in 1980

Thessaloniki Water Supply and Sewerage Company (EYATH S.A.) q Greek State 74,02%, «SUEZ ENVIRONMENT» 5,462%, HMG GLOBETROTTER 1,06% q Founded in 1998 Regulatory framework- The “boom-up” effort on our behalf

q Institution: Special Secretariat of Water Resources à hypo functioning q Branch of the above Institution: Regulatory Authority of Water Management, founded to target the lack of institutional interventions Each of the –several- inflicted Memorandums foresees the improvement and reinforcement of this Authority, but there has been no practical application of this requisite so far q All of our aforementioned actions and efforts presented today, aim at creating a sufficient “Precedent” in order to obtain the power to “put pressure” on the Government Institutions, Bodies and Ministries, regarding the need for enactment, using as much as Essenally non-existent possible real info, data and practical examples Ønot because of lack of Instuons but q Trying to promote European Standards/ examples from different Øbecause of absence of countries/ European References and Directives (like EU Good Practices on Leakage Management) by starting at the local Bodies acons, implementaon, à Water Utilities enforcement, specializaon, q Working on the regulatory matter with a “bottom-up” approach modernizaon instead of waiting for the long due “top-down” one Desalinaon and Water Treatment

World desalinaon plants per geographical area (%) Global installed desalinaon capacity, 2010–2016

Foundaon for Water Research, 2015 Internaonal Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), 2012 Desalinaon and Water Treatment

Desalinated water producon according to: (a) feed water; (b) its uses; and (c) the used technology, in Greece

Cuenca, J.C., 2012 Desalinaon and Water Treatment

Deficit and/or qThe problem seems to be surplus of more evident in the Aegean potable water Islands (parcularly the per water Dodecanese and Cyclades), district in Thessaly in Central Greece, Greece eastern Connental Greece Stefopoulou et al. (Sterea Greece), eastern (2008) Crete and the southeastern Peloponnese

q In central Greece (Thessaly and Sterea Greece), there is a high water demand for agricultural irrigaon RO desalinaon plants in Hellenic islands

35 RO plants operang in the Hellenic island municipalies with a total capacity of 22,860 m3/d and operang costs ranging from 0.13 €/m3 to 2.70 €/m3

The newest desalinaon plant in Almyros (Iraklion, Crete), with a capacity of 2,400 m3/d (future upgrading of its capacity up to 20,000 m3/d)

Aggelakis et al, 20105 RO desalinaon plants in Hellenic islands 2015 Desalinaon Plant Construcon Type Capacity (m3/ Operaon Cost Year d) (€) Gazi, Irakleio (1) 2014 RO &UF 2400 0,25 Ermoupoli, Syros (9) 1992-2007 RO (PD) 4700 2,00-2,70 Poseidonias, Syros (3) 2000-2006 RO 1000 0,70

Vari, Syros (2) 2003-2006 RO 750 0,70 Galissas, Syros (2) 2007 RO 1000 0,70 Kini, Syros (2) 2000-2007 RO 750 0,70 Naxos (4) 2004-2014 RO 1250 0.70 Mykonos (3) 2001-2014 RO 9.000 2,00 Paros (2) 2001 RO, υφ. 1200 0,50 2015 ΡΟ 2400 0.50 Tinos (2) 2001-2005 RO 1000 0,70 Santorini (3) 1994-2002 RO 700 2,00 Sifnos 2002 RO, υφ. 500 3,50 Omiroupoli, Chios (6) 2000-2009 RO, υφ. 5200 0,60

Nisyros (3) 2002-2012 RO 950 0,70 Ithaki (3) 1990-2007 RO 1320 0.80 Aggelakis, 2015 Leros 2001 RO 200 0,50 Corfu (>20) RO 100 0,50 Paxoi (2) 2005 RO 500 0,60 Total (69) 34.920 RO desalinaon plants in Hellenic islands The average operang costs Operang cost (€/m3) of seawater RO desalinaon plants of 30 RO plants of seawater in the Hellenic islands desalinaon in the Hellenic islands has been esmated at 0.85 €/m3.

The 480 m3/d capacity plant in Leros has a minimum operaonal cost of 0.13 €/m3, while the 500 m3/d capacity in Sifnos reaches the highest registered value of 3.5 €/m3.

Zotalis, 2012 RO desalinaon plants in Hellenic islands

Greece has the Research and potenal to technology on The use of RO move forward the Water desalinaon desalinaon in terms of desalinaon demand will technologies costs over the research and membrane connue to may lead, to last 15 years technology on processes will increase and the best have been water connue to desalinaon economic, significantly management develop in the and water environmental reduced internaonally years to come reuse will be and social (the use of and especially to the sustainable results, for alternave in the direcon of opons in both the energy sources Mediterranea becoming increasing the island will further n region, friendly to the low water environment reduce the provided there environment availability and the local cost) is investment and cost communies in relave effecve sectors Zotalis et al, 2014 Non Revenue Water

Definion of NRW ‘Non-revenue water is the difference between the volume of water put into a water distribuon system and the volume that is billed to customers’ Comprised of three components (IWA Water Loss Task Force, 2003)

Physical losses: leakage from all parts of the distribuon system and overflows at the ulity's storage tanks (caused by poor operaons and maintenance, the lack of acve leakage control & poor quality of underground assets)

Commercial losses: customer meter under-registraon, data-handling errors, and the of water in various forms

Unbilled authorized consumpon: water used by the ulity for operaonal purposes, water used for fire fighng, and water provided for free to certain consumer groups. Non Revenue Water Non Revenue Water globally is about 25% of the System Input Volume: q 80% Physical losses q 20% Commercial losses

The Manager’s Non-Revenue Water Handbook: A Guide to Understanding Water Losses, 2008 Non Revenue Water qThe measurement of NRW is complicated. qMany different indicators are used to measure NRW and virtually all of them have limitaons and drawbacks. Key informaon needed for conducng a water balance: • System input volume • Billed consumpon • Unbilled consumpon • Unauthorised consumpon • Customer metering inaccuracies & data handling errors • Network data • Length of transmission mains, distribuon mains and service connecons • Number of registered connecons • Esmated number of illegal connecons • Average pressure The Manager’s Non-Revenue Water Handbook: • Historic burst data A Guide to Understanding Water Losses, 2008 • Level of supply service (24-hour, intermient, etc) Non Revenue Water Internaonal Benchmarking Network for Water and Sanitaon Ulies (IBNET); www.ib-net.org A unique database is used globally for collecon of data on the financial and operaonal performance of water ulies

Cyprus Serbia

≈38% ≈17%

Bulgaria

≈60% Non Revenue Water in Greece

Population NRW % Population NRW % Water Utility Region Water Utility Region (2001) SIV (2001) SIV DRAMAS East Macedonia & Thrace 55.632 44,44 KERKYRAS Ionian Islands 32.751 51,12 CHRYSOUPOLIS East Macedonia & Thrace 15.768 24,42 SERRON Central Macedonia 56.145 36,89 KAVALAS East Macedonia & Thrace 60.809 54,33 KERKINHS Central Macedonia 10.098 85,00 XANTHIS East Macedonia & Thrace 52.270 57,92 EDESSAS Central Macedonia 25.619 35,52 MYTILHNHS North Aegean 36.196 42,29 KALLIKRATEIAS Central Macedonia 10.879 53,20 CHIOS North Aegean 23.779 38,26 HRAKLEIOU Crete 137.711 47,06 MESOLOGGI Western Greece 17.988 56,73 CHANION Crete 53.373 33,57 AMFILOHIAS Western Greece 12.834 37,50 AG. NIKOLAOU Crete 19.462 23,10 KASTORIAS West Macedonia 15.632 51,97 RODOU South Aegean 54.258 42,21 PREVEZAS Ipeirous 19.605 41,94 KALYMNOY South Aegean 16.441 27,78 IOANNINON Ipeirous 70.214 36,04 SYMHS South Aegean 13.270 36,80 VOLOU Thessalia 114.368 38,62 SPARTIS Peloponnisos 18.184 32,27 PYLHS TRIKALON Thessalia 1.839 29,17 KORINTHOU Peloponnisos 36.555 35,20 ALMYROU MAGN. Thessalia 12.636 43,76 TRIPOLEOS Peloponnisos 28.976 33,16 TRIKALON Thessalia 51.832 33,59 ARGOUS Peloponnisos 29.228 47,14 AGXIALOS MAGN. Thessalia 16.475 49,33 LIVADEIAS Sterea Ellada 21.492 51,50 MEGARON Attikis 28.195 39,55 LAMIAS Sterea Ellada 58.601 49,11 LEIV.KEFALL. Ionian Islands 4.663 48,20 It is esmated that NRW in Greece is about 50%-60% (according to the Greek Municipal Water and Sewerage Companies/EDEYA esmaons) Non Revenue Water in Greece

-No benchmarking tools exist in Greece

-Only for specific water ulies using their own sources, through scienfic studies

DRAMA (Horis village) 2002 NRW % SIV 16,4 Petroulias N. et al 2016 LARISSA 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 NRW % SIV 35,19 29,50 30,09 31,77 30,64 29,89 Kanakoudis V. et al 2010 KOZANI 2009 2010 NRW % SIV 58,05 58,35 Petroulias N. et al 2013 KOS 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 NRW % SIV 43,50 49,38 47,58 36,99 46,47 40,32 40,52 32,81 37,22 Kanakoudis V. at al 2014 ATHENS 1993 NRW % SIV 38 - 23 Kanellopoulou S., 2010 PPP and Performance Based Contracts

7 major types of private involvement: q Service contract: the parcipaon of the private sector is very limited. q Management contract: the private sector takes over operaon and management responsibilies. q Lease contract: the private company assumes the legal responsibility for operang the service in exchange for payments for the use of the fixed assets. The main tasks are operaon and maintenance. q Build-Operate-Transfer contract: the private sector is in charge of designing, building and financing a new investment project. q Concession contract: similar to the lease contract, but the contractor is in charge of financing the expansion and the rehabilitaon of the network. q Joint venture contract: the state or municipality and a private operator co-own the water operator. Usually, the private sector holds the largest part of the newly created company. q Full divesture: Under this arrangement, assets are enrely sold to the private sector. The private operator is in charge of financing, operaon, management and bears all the risks. GUIDELINES FOR PERFORMANCE-BASED CONTRACTS BETWEEN WATER UTILITIES AND MUNICIPALITIES Lessons learnt from Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia, OECD 2011 PPP and Performance Based Contracts

Allocaon of public/private responsibilies across different forms of PBCs in water services

GUIDELINES FOR PERFORMANCE-BASED CONTRACTS BETWEEN WATER UTILITIES AND MUNICIPALITIES Lessons learnt from Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia, ENV/EPOC/EAP(2010)4 PPP and Performance Based Contracts

Roles’ allocaon between Public & Private partners (Kanakoudis et al., 2005 )

Risks and their distribuon (Kanakoudis et al., 2005 ) PPP and Performance Based Contracts

q The first PPPs in in Greece Greece were the Summary of PPP projects of ULEN & acvity in Europe POWER (construcon by country/sector and inial operaon of the water distribuon system of Athens & the naonal distribuon network of electricity respecvely. q PPP projects in Greece are being implemented in the environmental sector (integrated systems of waste management & construcon of sanitaon networks and of sewage treatment plants). Administrave Reformaon in Greece RBD Consultaon Dates RBMP Adopon Status Greece has 14 river basin Western Peloponnese (GR01) 21/11/2011 – 21/11/2012 Adopted on 08/04/2013 districts, out of which 5 Northern Peloponnese (GR02) 21/11/2011 – 21/11/2012 Adopted on 08/04/2013 are internaonal sharing Eastern Peloponnese (GR03) 21/11/2011 – 21/11/2012 Adopted on 08/04/2013 water recourses with Western Sterea Ellada (GR04) 15/10/2011 – 21/11/2012 Adopted on 18/09/2014 Albania, FYROM and Epirus (GR05) 15/10/2011 – 21/11/2012 Adopted on 04/09/2013 Bulgaria to the north and Aca (GR 06) 13/01/2012 – 21/11/2012 Adopted on 08/04/2013 Turkey to the east Eastern Sterea Ellada (GR 07) 13/01/2012 – 21/11/2012 Adopted on 08/04/2013 Thessaly (GR08) 13/01/2012 – 21/11/2012 Adopted on 18/09/2014 Western Macedonia (GR09) 30/07/2012 – 13/12/2013 Adopted on 30/01/2014 2nd RBMPs (2016-2021) Central Macedonia (GR10) 30/07/2012 – 13/12/2013 Adopted on 30/01/2014 The 2nd RBMPs have not Eastern Macedonia (GR 11) 18/11/2011 – 21/11/2012 Adopted on 04/09/2013 yet been adopted. Thrace (GR12) 18/11/2011 – 21/11/2012 Adopted on 04/09/2013 1st RBMPs (2009-2015) Crete (GR13) 11/07/2013 – 27/02/2015 Adopted on 31/03/2015 EC assessment of the River Aegean Islands (GR14) 30/05/2014 – 26/06/2015 Adopted on 17/09/2015 Basin Management Plans was reported in March 2015

Administrave Reformaon in Greece In Greece we should:

Urgently adopt and report to the Commission the two outstanding Greek RBMPs

Improve trans boundary cooperaon, building on the progress achieved so far; addional efforts in the context of WFD-implementaon are needed, so that the second RBMPs for internaonal RBDs are developed in close cooperaon with neighbouring countries

Make fully operaonal the new Naonal Monitoring Programme (NMP)

All water bodies should be classified according to WFD compliant methods. Data must be collected on a regular basis for all relevant quality elements

Develop publicly available WFD compliant Naonal Guidance Documents, addressing the key implementaon steps where significant weaknesses have been idenfied, necessary to ensure WFD compliance and increased comparability and transparency

Ensure in the updated RBMPs a beer understanding and idenficaon of the main risks and pressures in each river basin, based on detailed harmonised methodologies Administrave Reformaon in Greece ...We should also: No clear link between measures and status assessment is made Meaningful informaon regarding the scope, the ming and the funding of the measures should be included in the PoM so the approach to achieve the objecves is clear and the ambion in the PoM is transparent

PoM in RBMPs: the limited level of ambion, and lack of clarity regarding expected effects, need to be recfied. The PoM includes mostly administrave acts that may not make a difference (parcularly if implementaon is not enforced) Develop fully the economic analysis of water use (including the polluter pays principle, including a clear definion of water services, harmonising methodologies and data in all RBMPs) and ensure that the water tariffs/fees lead to adequate recovery of the costs of water services Up to now, there is no consideraon of climate change - no “climate proofing” of the RBMP/ PoMs

The Drought Management Plans (DMP) developed as supplementary to the RBMPs are a valuable addion.. Report on the implementaon of the Water Framework Direcve River Basin Management Plans, SWD(2015) 54 final Administrave Reformaon in Greece Basic Reforms:

Long-term capacity and expertise building should be ensured in the water administration, based on sufficient resources and personnel available at all relevant administrative levels

Report on the implementaon of the Water Framework Direcve River Basin Management Plans, SWD(2015) 54 final Cooperaon Opportunies

13 countries : ENI CBC MEDITERRANEAN Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Israel, Italy, SEA BASIN PROGRAMME Jordan, Lebanon, Malta, Palesne, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia

The call for proposals will be launched soon... Greek experience with water management under water scarcity, with emphasis on islands

Nicholas Petroulias, Chairman of Hellenic Water Associaon Greece

14 Dec, 2016