DRTRMRTIC ® AUGUST 15, 1988 A CAHNERS PUBLICATION SPECIAL REPORT: DBMS FatalFlaws InSQL By E.F. (odd

Also In This Issue: • Why Management Must Confront the VDT Issue • Contract Programming Is Hotter Than Ever • IEEE Warns on Japanese Supercomputer Threat T utgrow. hen you've got to available in the SAS turn those numbers System. You choose into a presentation, the products you turn to the SAS® System. The need, and enjoy the SAS System includes easy-to­ same easy-to-use lan­ use procedures for charts, guage and syntax in plots, maps, and three-dimen­ each. Whether you sional displays. At a glance, license one product you can grasp detailed statistics, or several, you'll enjoy spot relationships among items, the same high-quality and trace emerging trends. software, training, And when your manager wants documentation, and more, the SAS System lets you You can even use the SAS support we've offered for more customize your graphs and System to analyze your data than ten years. present multiple displays on the before you present them. We've For details, send us your same page for easy comparison. got tools for every kind of name and address. Or call You can produce your graphs analysis - from simple descrip­ a Software Sales Representa­ on terminals, plotters, trans­ tive statistics to advanced tive today. parencies, or slides. regression, analysis of variance, discriminant analysis, cluster­ ing, scoring, and more. SASj RAP And as your needs grow, the SAS System Software Actual grows with you. All the Your r),r Phorte Sy.temll :eaaed tools you need for full " ... ,-J r--../" 4/' ... .-... screen data entry, model­

~ Phone Syslems purchased ing, forecasting, "what if" SAS Institute Inc. analysis, project man­ SAS Circle 0 Box 8000 agement, optimiza­ Cary. NC 27512-8000 (919) 467-8000 tion, and quality Fax (919) 469-3737 control are

The SAS System runs on these minicomputers: Digital Equipment Corp. VAX'" 8xxx and 11/7xx series under VMS:" and MicroVAX II'" under MicroVMS"" Prime Computer, Inc. Prime 50 series under PRIMOSqp; and Data General Corp'. ECLIPSEqp MV series under AOSNS. The SAS System also runs on IBM 370/30xx/43xx and compatible machines under OS, CMS, DOSNSE, SSX, and ICCF; IBM XT/370 and AT/370 under VM/PC; and IBM PC XT and PC AT under PC DOS. Not all products are available for all systems. SAS and SAS/GRAPH are registered trademarks of SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA. Copyright 01987 by SAS Institute Inc. Printed in the USA. CINCOM Opens Doors For BestWestem. PROBLEM: How tv easily access and "With SUPRA, we really have the best of both As for SUPRA's reliability, Seate has no reser­ update large volumes ofcorporate infor­ worlds," explains Seate. "We get the advantages of vations. "Let's put it this way," he says, "we're run­ a relational environment and, at the same time, get ning our payroll on it. We'd be crazy to do that if we mation vitalfor strengthening image a system that performs very well in a large volume didn't have a high degree of confidence in the system." and facilitating expansion production environment." Jfyou're looking for a relational data base CINCOM SOLVED m With SUPRA SUPRA's superior performance lets the with IBM and VAX compatibility, high perform­ Advanced RelationaJ DBMS and MANTIS, world's largest hotel chain access and update the ance and reliability, plus the option of a flexible a powerful application development /vol marketing data as well as the property and travel application development tool, it's time you checked , Tracking and managing publications essential to support and promote each into SUPRA and MANflS. information for 3,300 hotels hotel. SUPRA also works in concert with MANTIS®, Call us today for more product and customer in more than 30 countries a flexible application development tool in the CASE success information, or write our Marketing Service around the world is enough to ENVIRONMENf1M, to drive multiple programs de­ Department, Cincom World Headquarters, 2300 give any MIS manager some signed to monitor and upgrade quality standards Montana Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45211. sleepless nights. But, thanks throughout the Best Western organization. "When you increase the value of the chain, people want to 1-800-543-3010 to the SUPRN'M Advanced Rela­ In Ohio, 513-661-6000 tional DBMS from Cincom®, become a part of it," Seate explained. In Canada, 1-800-387-5914 Best Western's Robert Seate "SUPRA and all the Cincom products work (along with member hoteliers together to help us meet our corporate expansion and guests) can rest assured and quality goals," Seate points out. "It's a set of things are running smoothly. tools that is very flexible, very easy to use and learn, and very capable of developing and support­ ffiCINCOMSM Mr. Robert C. Seate ing a wide variety of applications:' The Better The Solution, The Better The Value. Manager, Management Information Systems Best ~stern Internatio1lal, Inc. © 1988 Cincom S»Iems, Inc. mil is. "'gistered trademark

2 DATAMATION D AUGUST 15, 1988 Editorial o o NEW PRODUCTS Time To Go On 68 Hardware New Teleos Communications AUGUST 15, 1988 The Offensive releases for ISDN switching be­ VOLUME 34 It's neither the biggest nor the richest company in its tween basic rate interface and NUMBER 16 field, yet that hasn't prevented Con Edison froD;1 primary rate interface circuits. THIS ISSUE, 184,089 assuming a leadership position in managing information In Trends: page printers fuel COPIES age workers. Specifically, the 23rd-Iargest U.S. utility nonimpact printer sales. has gone on the offensive in protecting the health of 70 Software employees who use video display terminals, the subject Walker Interactive Systems of Willie Schatz's Behind the News report (p. 39). makes its mainframe financial Not satisfied with steps it has already taken, such software available under IBM's as eye exams and work breaks, Con Ed plans to embark DB2 RDBMS for the MVS operat­ ing system. In Trends: a way soon on an ergonomic training program to teach for CICS users to use the COBOL employees how to avoid screen glare, among other sort verb on-line. things. Unfortunately, several other user organizations 1988 JESSE H. NEAL have taken a defensive posture on vDTs-investing IDEPARTMENTS AWARD sums in lawyers and lobbyists to thwart legislative 4 Letters moves to govern VDT use in the workplace. We find little fault with organizations that oppose 73 Calendar VDT -use laws on Constitutional grounds-they have OOPSLA '88, a conference on every right to oppose government intrusion into their object-oriented programming, is coming up in San Diego. markets. But we can't help wondering whether the money wouldn't be better spent on research and 76 Career Opportunities retrofits. Although more states have rejected VDT -use 88 Advertisers' Index legislation than have approved it-the score is 24 states to nine at this point, according to one association-the Cover Paper Sculpture by Ajin issue is unlikely to go away. Local governing bodies will 1987 JESSE H. NEAL step in where state legislatures or employers fail to act, AWARD just as Suffolk County, N.Y., has recently done. The Coming in sheer number of vnTs in use-30 million by one the next issue: estimate-and the growing populations of pcs and A Corporate Profile of workstations will require that greater attention be paid Unisys to health concerns surrounding such modern-day tools. Fatal Flaws in SQL, "It's an issue we can't afford to turn our back Part 2 on," says Paul Berger, president of the influential How New Technologies Society of Information Management. "But we shouldn't Show the Maturation of the IS Industry do an overkill either." He points out that although no scientific studies have concretely linked VDT use to CALLING ALL USER health problems, some U.S. companies are already GROUPS! improving the environments of VDT workers, playing Please send information catch-up to their counterparts in Europe and, he about your User Group so suspects,]apan. "Maybe we weren't as conscious of it can be included in those environments when people were using DATAMATION's upcoming typewriters," he says. User Group Directory. If Being conscious of such matters early on possible, please include ROI address, phone number, certainly hasn't cost Con Ed anything. Its ranks number of members, second among utilities. Maybe the best offense isn't a names of officers, date of good defense after all. Maybe it's just a good offense­ next meeting, statement especially where the health of workers is at stake. of purpose, and a list of services provided. The address is: 249 W. 17th St. New York, NY 10011 Attn.: Managing Editor TIM MEAD EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15, 1988 3 CRTRMRTICN Editor-in-Chief Tim Mead Senior Editor Linda Runyan Letters Managing Editor/News & Features David R. Brousell Senior Writer Ralph E. Carlyle Deputy News Editor Theresa Barry Deputy Features Editor Marsha J. Fisher New Products Editor Mary Kathleen Flynn Editorial Assistant KarenJ. Scher Editorial Secretary Anne M. Mangieri Distortion a centralized coordinating unit that will Managing Editor/Production & "The Supercomputer Breaks Through" remove the redundant links that current­ Special Proiects Parker Hodges (May 1, p. 50) distorts Boeing Computer ly crisscross the continental United Copy Chief Steven Korn Services' pricing and unfairly positions States and to create a single high-speed Production Editor Hernalee Walker the company as being grossly overpriced backbone of 1-3Gbits per second. Israel Copy Editors Rene Matthews, John Quain Production Assistant Suzanne P. Jones for its services. is not at the stage to create networks of The article [quoting John Taylor, that speed, but at least we are able to co­ International Editor Paul Tate Editorial Assistant (London) Lauren Murphy manager of Du Pont's scientific comput­ ordinate our efforts. Correspondents James Etheridge, Paris; David er division] states that Boeing Computer Your article did not cover the major Hebditch, Eastern Europe; Janette Martin, Milan Services charged a customer "$10,000 reason companies in Israel are not able U.S. Bureau Managers per cpu hour." To set the record straight, to produce up to their potential. Tele­ Boston Gary McWilliams Boeing Computer Services did not offer communications was touched upon but Dallas Robert Francis Los Angeles Tom McCusker pricing based on cpu hour to any was covered as a side note to the overall San Francisco Jeff Moad customer. problem. A 64Kb international link from San Jose Susan Kerr In point of fact, there are no accept­ the U.S. to Europe costs approximately Washington Willie Schatz able industrywide cpu pricing standards. $4,000. The cost of the European end is Art Director Robert 1. Lascaro Further, rate comparisons based on cpu approximately $9,500 (based on a 10- Associate Art Director Anne Cooney hours alone can be misleading. The run country average). This represents a total Assistant Art Director Carolee Young times of specific jobs on a machine are monthly cost of $13,500 for a 64Kb link. Contributing Editors Joseph Kelly, Fred Lamond, HeshWiener heavily influenced by the system config­ On the other hand, Israel's sole PTT, Advisory BoardJoseph Ferreira, John Imlay, uration. For example, using a solid-state Bezek, charges $21,000 for the same Angeline Pantages, Russell Pipe, Carl Reynolds storage device, run times on our ma­ link, bringing the total monthly costs up Publishing Director Donald Fagan chines have been lowered from 24 to four to $25,000 (when including the American Associate Publisher William Segallis hours and cpu hours have also been re­ side of the link). Promotion Manager Stacy Aaron duced considerably. The situation for data communica­ Production Manager Eric Jorgensen Research Manager Laraine Donisi Boeing Computer Services has and tions within Israel is no better. Typical Director of Production Robert Elder will continue to provide its customers 64Kb digital tariffs are between three-to­ Director of Art Department Barrie Stern with rates that are competitive with uni­ five times the European average. Small Circulation Manager Cheryl Barnett versity and in-house installations. We software houses cannot afford the exor­ EDITORIAL OFFICES would welcome the opportunity to pro­ bitant prices that Bezek demands on be­ Headquarters: 249 W. 17 St., New York, NY 1O01l, (212) 645- 0067; telex 127703; fax (212) 242-6987. New England: 199 Wells vide an industry-competitive or bench­ half of the services they supply. Ave., Newton, MA 02159, (617) 964-3730; Washington, D.C.: mark quote to any prospective customer. HANK NUSSBACHER 4451 Albemarle St. NW, Washington, DC 20016, (202) 966-7100; Central: 9330 LBJ Freeway, Suite 1060, Dallas, TX 75243, (214) SURESH SHUKLA Computer Consultant 644-3683; Western: 12233 W. Olympic, Los Angeles, CA 90064, (213) 826-5818; 582 Market St., Suite 1007, San Francisco, CA National Product Manager Israel 94104,(415) 981-2595; 3031 Tisch Way, Suite 100, San Jose, CA Boeing Computer Services 95128-2593, (408) 243-8838. International: 27 Paul St., London EC2A 4JU, England, (44-1) 628-7030, telex 9149ll; CPO Box Bellevue, Wash. Health and Networks 665, Tokyo,Japan, (81-3) 201-2335, fax 2135053. Regarding the McDonnell Douglas Infor­ DATAMATION (lSSN 0011-6963) Magazine is issued twice Israeli Realities mation Systems profile in the DATAMA­ monthly on the 1st and 15th of every month byThe Cahners Pub­ lishing Company, A Division of Reed Publishing USA, 275 Wash­ I would like to comment on your article TION 100 aune 15, p. 99), your descrip­ ington St., Newton, MA 02158-1630. William M. Flatt, Chief Executive Officer; Terrence M. McDermott, President; Frank]. entitled "Israel: Where Necessity Moth­ tion implies that the company is no long­ Sibley, Group Vice President; Jerry D. Neth, Vice President/ ers Innovation" (April 1, p. 54-11). The er in the business of providing either Publishing Operations;J.J. Walsh, Financial Vice President/Mag­ azine Division; Thomas]. Dellamaria, Vice President/Produc­ article states that Israel lacks "central­ health information or network systems tion and Manufacturing. Editorial and advertising offices, 249 W. 17th St., New York, NY 1001l. Published at Woodstock, IL. An­ ized planning for high technology." This to customers. This couldn't be farther nual subscription rates: U.S. and possessions: $60; Canada: $85; is incorrect at least in one respect. Com­ from the truth. Japan, Australia, New Zealand: $155 air freight; Europe: $135 air freight, $250 air mail. All other nations: $135 surface, $250 air puters and telecommunications in acade­ While McDonnell Douglas Informa­ mail. Reduced rate for U.S. public and school libraries: $40. Sin­ gle copy: $3 in U.S. Sole agent for subscriptions in Japan is Maru­ mia are being coordinated by a central tion Systems Co. did sell a minor physi­ zen Co. Ltd., 3-10 Nihonbashi, 2-Chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103, J; government-financed organization. We cian systems operation, the company sole agent for all other foreign subscriptions is J.B. Tratsart Ltd., 154 A Greenford Rd., Harrow, Middlesex HA13QT, England, currently have a network spanning 47 continues to be a major health care sys­ (01) 422-8295 or 422-2456. No subscription agency is authorized by us to solicit or take orders for subscriptions. Circulation mainframe systems located in over sev­ tems provider. In fact, one in every four records are maintained at 44 Cook Street, Denver, CO 80206. en universities with connections to the U.S. hospitals uses a McDonnell Douglas Phone (303) 388-4511. Second-class postage paid at Denver, CO 80206 and at additional mailing office. DATAMATION copyright European Academic Research Network health system. 1988 by Reed Publishing USA; Saul Goldweitz, Chairman; Ronald G. Segel, President and Chief Executive Officer; Robert L. Kra­ (EARN), as well as to BITNET and CSNET. Further, our Tymnet network is koff, Executive Vice President. All rights reserved. DATAMA­ This centralized planning has al­ one of the two leading public data com­ TION is a registered trademark of Cahners Publishing Co. Reprints of articles are available; contact Frank Pruzina (312) lowed us to coordinate our efforts and, munications networks in the U.S. It con­ 635-8800. Microfilm copies of DATAMATION may be obtained from University Microfilms, A Xerox Company, 300 N. Zeeb Rd., sometimes, to learn from others' mis­ tinues to be a cornerstone in our ability to Ann Arbor, MI 48106. Printed by Graftek Press Inc. All inquiries takes. Currently, the U.S. research and offer customers total systems integra­ and requests for change of address should be accompanied by mailing label from latest issue of magazine. Allow two months academic networks are attempting to co­ tion solutions. for change to be made. POSTMASTER: send address changes to DATAMATION, 44 Cook St., Denver, CO 80206. ordinate their efforts since they now re­ JEREMY]. CAUSLEY alize that each is running a parallel net­ President work. The DOD (ARPANET), the DOE (HEP­ McDonnell Douglas MP WSPA NET), the NSF (NSFNET), the list is Information Systems Co. endless. The problem now is to establish Irvine, Calif.

4 DATAMATION D AUGUST 15, 1988 Closer to Genius Introducing PowerHouse pcn~ c:------~ the most powerful 4GL for /~')

- ( . ~------~ serious application development on a personal computer. PowerHouse PC delivers more power than any other PC application development product. It gives you OS/2TM perlormance and integrated communications. And it gives you all of this - today. PowerHouse now lets you prototype and build serious business applications on your PC in addition to HP, Digital and DG mid-range computers. The simplicity of one language across architectures gives you the flexibility of choosing the production environment that best suits your needs. Use PowerHouse PC as a development workstation to develop applications for your mini, as a host extension to offload processing, or for stand-alone applications. Complete with a communications facility, ~ PowerHouse PC makes the most of your resources by allowing you to share applications and data between architectures. What makes PowerHouse PC even smarter is that it runs under both DOS and OS/2. When you're ready for serious application development on a personal computer, you're ready for PowerHouse Pc. Call Cognos Direct, 1 800-4-COGNOS

05/2 is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. The Cognos logo and PowerHouse are registered trademarks of Cognos Incorporated. PowerHouse PC is a Cognos trademark. Cognos Corporation, 2 Corporate Place, 1-95, Peabody, MA, USA 01960, (800) 4-COGNOS. Cognos Incorporated, 3755 Riverside Drive, J P.O. Box 9707, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, KIG 3Z4, (613) 738-1440, Telex: 053-3836. Cognos Limited, Westerly Point, Market Street, BrackneIl, Berkshire RG12 lQB, United Kingdom, National (0344) 486668, International +44344486668, Telex: 846337 Cognos G.

Circle 5 on Reader Card © 1988 Metaphor Computer Systems. Your company undoubtedly has tremendous data resources. Metaphor's Data Interpretation System can help you turn them into a tremendous competitive advantage. Metaphor's system is far more than an incrediblysophisti­ cated, amazingly easy-to-use computer. It's a means of gaining a real edge in the battle for more business, through gains in pro­ fessional productivity and enhanced business decision-making. Metaphor is the only system that can give your key decision­ makers direct access to multiple data bases. They will be able to readily transform raw data into meaningful information. And share the results with management and peers, quickly, easily. So decisions can be made in time to make a difference. Metaphor's system makes a big difference for Information Systems professionals, too. Metaphor lets users build their own applications, so IS managers can turn their skills to more effectively managing the corporate information resource, rather than grinding out user reports and applications from a seemingly endless backlog of requests. And given Metaphor's proven understanding of end-user needs, IS gains a strong "support arm;' too. That's what customers at over 100 installations in the world's largest and most successful companies tell us. They've proved Metaphor's Data Interpretation System is a powerful business tool, giving them an enormous advantage over those who don't keep up with the latest technologies. metaphor j .... Start the competitive advantage §§§§§~jf \:\.~§§§§ flowing to your company now, with Metaphor. Write us at 1965 Charleston Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, or call us toll-free at 800-255-5803 today. Circle 6 on Reader Card , I cY~

,.,."''' Let's tall~about relational data bases. But first, find the clown with the red nose, top hat and no balloons.

IT you picked the first clown from the right on the top row, you didn't need the help of a relational data base system. Of course, real-life business problems are considerably more complicated. That's 'vhy IBM, the leader in relational data base technology, offers a wide range of products to work with a full range of hardware, from workstations to midrange and mainframe computers. IBM's data base products can help users in any department retrieve information about as easily as you solved the problem above. They also provide tools for programmers to do their job more efficiently. And that means improved productivity for everyone. In fact, IBM's D B2 and SQ LIDS offer referential integrity, which allows you to maintain data relationships without complex programming. And with application enabling tools such as IBM's Cross Systems Product, you can develop new programs with speed and simplicity. So even as your business needs change, your existing applications and data bases will remain sound investments. Call 1-800-IBM -2468, ext. 44, for literature or to arrange for an IBM marketing representative-in the blue suit, yellow tie with a black briefcase-to contact you. ---- § : :~~~® The Bigger Picture

© IBM 1988 \ '''.\ 1\I.

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Circle 8 on Render Cnrd Look Ahead

PClVIS NERVOUS SUNNYVALE, CALIF. -- It turns out that supporting ABOUT IBM's popular new MVS/ESA operating system extension lVIVS/ESA ... may not be quite as easy as plug-compatible mainframe vendors and their customers assumed at first. Amdahl Corp. says that in order to account for engineering changes that will be necessitated by ESA, it recently increased the standard financial reserve it usually carries on its books. The company, which normally sets aside a larger reserve to pay for engineering changes than it is likely to need, won't say by how much the amount was increased. Amdahl cfo Ed Thompson does say that it's likely to be more expensive for Amdahl to support ESA because hardware changes will be neces­ sary on more boards than was initially expected.

... AS WELL AS SAN JOSE -- Meanwhile, pcm storage hardware makers are IBlVI'S DISK nervous as they anticipate the next IBM disk move. DRIVE PLANS Word has it that IBM's storage engineers in San Jose are at work on two projects that could cause headaches for pcms while solving some problems for users. Both are projects to replace IBM's current 3380-class disk storage devices with drives using smaller disks and taking up less of users' valuable floor space. One project is thought to be based on mul tiple 5!4-inch drives, and the other on a drive using a 10. 7-inch disk. The problem for pcms is that, while changing disk size from the current 14-inch standard, IBM may also alter track lengths and disk rotating speeds, making it harder to make devices that match.

HITACHI SINGAPORE -- Japanese IS giant Hitachi is determined CHECKS OUT to get its fair share of software development exper­ SINGAPORE tise from one of the fastest growing software centers in Asia--the city-state of Singapore. By early next year , it plans to establish a regional Software Devel­ opment Center here. NEC, HP, Cullinet, Sony, and Nix­ dorf already have similar software centers in place. Sources say the Singapore center will likely focus on three key areas: English versions of Hitachi's Japa­ nese-developed AI and expert systems products; new manufacturing applications software; and a special project to create protocols and communications soft­ ware for linking Hitachi systems with other vendors' machines, particularly those from IBM and DEC.

ISDN TO BE BONN, WEST GERMANY -- Watch for the official launch of LAUNCHED BY ISDN services in West Germany this fall following suc­ WEST GERMANS cessful trials of the technology by the West German Bundespost in Stuttgart and Mannheim involving some 800 business users over the last two years. The offi-

DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15, 1988 11 Look Ahead

cial ISDN system will begin with eight ISDN switching centers coming into operation over the next few months, and the Bundespost hopes to be able to meet around 90% of the country's demand for ISDN ports by the end of 1993. But, as many users point out, that de­ mand will depend on the pricing policy covering the new services--an issue that is still being hotly de­ bated by users and the West German telecom authority.

EAST SEEKING TOKYO -- Kobe Steel is hunting for IS investment tar­ WESTERN gets in the U. S. as part of a plan to expand revenues TARGETS from its data processing and electronics division. It has already backed Los Angeles-based disk maker Racet Computers and Boston-based laser company QC Optics. Sources here say Kobe's plan is to hit revenues of $75 million from its IS and electronics businesses by 1990 and $750 million by 1995. Over that period, Kobe ex­ pects to hire an extra 1,000 people to run its IS busi­ ness. Plans are cheap though, and putting them into practice in an environment where many other tradi­ tional industries are diversifying is really going to test the steel company's mettle.

GOV'T EYES LOS ALAMOS, CALIF. -- The last few benchmarking teams NEe SUPER from the government lab here have returned from Japan and spread the rumor that it might not be such a bad move to buy an NEC SX 3. That machine won't hit the streets until next year, but when it does , it promises to blow its competition away. "A lot of people at Los Alamos are very interested in the SX 3," says a close observer of the scene.

IS EVERYBODY GENEVA -- Are the trade barriers that hinder free HAPPY? trade in telecom and IS services in some countries ac­ tually receding? That's the implication in the lack of response from major multinationals to a call from the U. S. trade office for examples of the trade barriers faced when marketing IS services in foreign coun­ tries. The request for examples is in preparation for the Uruguay Round of negotiations of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) here later this year. The lack of response has surprised U. S. trade officials. A list of complaints compiled in 1984 cited Australia" for protecting its domestic software in­ dustry through excessive taxation of software li­ censes," Brazil for its "market reserve policy limit­ ing the foreign telecom services that can be offered," Canada's banking laws, which "discriminate against re­ mote accessed foreign processing," and Norway's priva­ cy laws relating to intra corporate dataflows.

12 DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15, 1988

Look Ahead

DEC WEIGHS MAYNARD, MASS. -- Digital Equipment Corp. is lining up U.S. EDI OFFER applications for an expected September launch of a u. S. value-added network service. The computer maker already has agreements with vendors of financial, purchase order, funds transfer, and other applica­ tions that could reside on a planned X12 electronic data interchange (EDI) network. A spokesman would say only that the company" is considering" aU. S. EDI net­ work offering. Having built a nationwide voice/data fiber-optic network to link its U. S. facilities, the company earlier began studying a value-added network offering in a U.K. pilot program.

JAPANESE TOKYO -- Japan, now preparing for its next-generation HAVE A YEN research scheme, may launch consortia next year to FOR CONSORTIA conduct basic research in neural and optical comput­ ing. The Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) thinks neural computers would be more adept than convention~al computers at pattern and voice rec­ ogni tion and robotic control. The optical project MITI is considering would develop materials that could be used in optical computers, which use light rather than electricity. MITI has until Sept. 1 to make its requests to the finance ministry in time for legislative bodies to consider funding for next April. The Key Technology Center, a government foun­ dation, already has decided to form a consortium with industry and academia to study fuzzy computing over a six- to eight-year period beginning next March. Fuzzy computing, based on multivariate rather than binary logic, could be applied to machine translation, ex­ pert systems, and de fense .

RUMORS AND Digi tal Equipment Corp. seeks to boost its transac­ RAW tion processing contingent with some near-term dis­ RA1IDOM DATA tributed database support. The company is promising an enhanced VAX Rdb relational database that will al­ low users to build physically distributed databases over multiple nodes or design distributed access to an Rdb database that makes a remote database appear as if it were local .... Wang Laboratories Inc .'s new VS 5000 line finally cracked the development logjam that has made every computer released since January 1985 an ex­ ercise in repackaging. In its research and develop­ ment, Wang now can focus on putting together replace­ ments for its VS 7000 family. In the works are two new families based on CMOS and ECL gate array semiconduc­ tor technologies, high-speed system buses, and mul ti­ processor support beyond the present limit of two cen­ tral processing units.

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SUPERCOMPUTING tion: an integrated coopera­ tive effort among industry, IEEE Warns of the Japanese universities, and govern­ ment," the report says. "It ap­ pears that such a solution will Supercomputer Threat require coordination by gov­ A new study finds that the must act now to stem the ernment to a degree seldom if u.s. ever achieved in this country perceived]apanese invasion and suggests a new civilian in peacetime. But the threat is real, and it is not limited to agency focused on long-term national interests. supercomputers. Supercom­ decisions be made according Hopefully, the new adminis­ puters appear to represent BY WILLIE SCHATZ to economic and technologi­ tration will have more of a only a next step in an ongoing The IEEE's Committee on cal-not military and politi­ commitment to understand­ process." Communications and Infor­ cal-criteria. ing high tech. But it's still not mation Policy has made avail­ "The answer may 'well worth creating another Banging the Drum Slowly able to DATAMATION a new re­ require that the coordination bureaucracy." Thus, while Cray and port on how the Japanese are and leadership functions be That opinion isn't con­ ETA may say that Japanese wiping out the U.S. super­ nested in a new, lean, expert fined to the government. components are not yet avail­ computer industry. Entitled civilian agency of government "Any proposal to establish a able for export to those two "U.S. Supercomputer Vul­ that is capable of focusing on new government agency isn't companies, the devices are nerability," it leads to the in­ the longer-term national in­ something I favor," says Sid readily available to end users exorable conclusion that "we terest," find McAdams and Karin, director of the National in the Japanese supercom­ better do something," accord­ friends. "Only through a coor­ Science Foundation's (NSF'S) puter systems. ing to its principal author, dinated approach to all these San Diego Supercomputer "This continues the fa­ Alan McAdams, an assistant miliar, oft-repeated pattern," professor of managerial eco­ the report contends. "Japa­ nomics at Cornell University. nese firms plan and act in ac­ The Scientific Super­ cord with long-range goals. computer Subcommittee of When they achieve a techno­ IEEE contends that the U.S. logical advantage in one area, supercomputer industry is in they use that advantage to in­ deep trouble thanks to a fo­ sure their advance into new cused market strategy by the areas. They have targeted su­ Japanese. To overcome U.S. percomputers as the next firms' vulnerability will re­ high-tech area in which to es­ quire coordination by govern­ tablish a dominant position." ment to a degree seldom You couldn't tell it from achieved in peacetime-and looking at the Japanese super­ time is of the essence. computers in the U.S., What's new about this? though. The only one is an "The IEEE has never taken a NEC SX 2 leased by the Hous­ position like this before," Mc­ CORNELL'S McADAMS: The threat isn't limited to supercomputers. ton Area Research Consorti­ Adams says. "This is the non­ um (HARC). There have been partisan IEEE taking a policy issues will we able to ensure a Center (SDSC). "I've heard all many other efforts to land a position. Things must be strong U.S. base for innova­ this before. There's nothing Japanese supercomputer, but pretty bad for them to start tion, productivity, and inter­ earthshaking in here." none has succeeded (see "Su­ screaming. " national competitiveness." The IEEE begs to differ. percomputer Dumping Al­ "People aren't realizing the leged at U.S. Universities," Finding the Framework Grass-Roots Commitment real crisis that exists," Mc­ Sept. 15, 1987, p. 17). The something Mc­ "A new agency is fine if Adams contends. "The whole The SDSC would just as Adams refers to is finding you've got a professional gov­ U.S. technological base is at soon keep it that way, but it "an acceptable institutional ernment with a long-term in­ risk, and it's getting worse. sees the U.S. government ~ framework in which govern­ terest," says a government To emphasize that this tripping all over itself. ~ ment, industry, and academia official intimately involved in report is different from all the "The supercomputer can pursue these objectives the supercomputer industry. others that have reached the agreement with Japan con- t to the long-run benefit of the "But if Congress thinks it can same conclusion, McAdams tains seeds which can further 1 nation as a whole." Were that just create it with a few pieces rests his case on economics undermine the position of ~ to occur, the institutional of paper, then it will be anoth­ and technology. U.S. manufacturers," the re- .,g framework would still be use­ er bureaucracy that won't "To overcome [U.S. su­ port contends. "It requires of .£ less without a guarantee that work. What you really need is percomputers'] vulnerability Japan a number of actions ~ economic and technological a grass-roots commitment. will require a systems solu- which, if made reciprocal to j

DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15, 1988 19 the U.S., could facilitate the systems for penetration of entry of Japanese supercom­ Peak Supercomputer Performance Rates U.S. markets." puters into the U.S. market." No U.S. lab would want SINGLE CPU PEAK ALLOWING MULTIPLE to do that, at least on the rec­ Supercomputer Partnerships 64-81T MFLOP RATE CPUS ord. But the Japanese clearly Now, the supercom­ Cray-1 160 160 have the fast single-processor puter trade agreement re­ system and are expected to quires the Japanese in gov­ CrayX-MP 233 932 (4 cpus) increase that lead with their ernment or university super­ Cray-2 488 1,952 (4 cpus) next generation product ex­ computer procurements to Cray-3 (1989) 1,000 16,000 (16 cpus) est. pected next year (see "Peak give equal preference to U.S. Supercomputer Performance manufactured supercom­ Cyber20S 200 (2 pipe) 400 (4 pipe) Rates"). So how much longer puters. The Japanese essen­ ETA 10 (1986) 350 1,400 (4 cpus) can users be shut down at tially have agreed to avoid un­ their expense? Not very. So ETA 10lE 415 1,660 (4 cpus) fair pricing by their manufac­ it's only a matter of time be­ turers. According to ETA 10/G (1988) 643 5,142 (8 cpus) fore HARC has company. McAdams, however, what Fujitsu VP 100 271 271 looks unfair to a trade admin­ Japan's Software Is Lacking istrator looks to a manufactur­ Fujitsu VP 200 533 533 That could be very soon er like recognition of partner­ Fujitsu VP 400 1,067 1,067 if the Japanese get their soft­ ship with a government agen­ Hitachi 5-810/20 630 630 ware act together. Their soft­ cy or university. ware isn't quite up to their "This sounds like a com­ Hitachi 5-820/80 2,000 N/A hardware, but therein lies the plete misunderstanding of the IBM3090NF 116 696 (6 cpus) danger. trade agreement," says NEC SX 1 570 570 "Once general portabil­ Lauren Kelley, a supercom­ ity of applications is achieved, puter analyst in the Depart­ NECSX 2 1,300 1,300 the avenue to continued mar­ ment of Commerce (DOC) NEC 5X 3 (1989) 5,000 20,000 (4 cpus) ket leadership by U.S. firms Office of Computer and Busi­ Source: "u.s. Supercomputer Vulnerability," IEEE's Scientific Supercomputer would be solely through tech­ ness Equipment. "The agree­ Subcommittee. nical leadership," the report ment is based on the interna­ says. "But how can U.S. firms tional GATT [General Agree­ any foreign-Congress it's used." simultaneously rely on com­ ment on Tariffs and Trade] meant Japanese-supercom­ "There's a genuine con­ ponentry manufactured by government procurement puters in 1988.) cern here about foreign com­ their competitors, the Japa­ code. In fact, nothing in the "How long can such a petition," says a user at a ma­ nese, and assure their cus­ agreement is different from pattern last?" the paper asks. jor federal lab. "But when it tomers that they, the U.S. the standard General Ser­ "Is it realistic to believe that comes to computers, we just firms, can maintain techno­ vices Administration proce­ the Japanese machines are want the best product. And by logical leadership?" dures. To say this is a one-sid­ foreclosed from U.S. institu­ keeping out the Japanese, the They can't. ed arrangement is completely tions? If the requirements we government and the U.S. su­ "As soon as Japanese untrue." now impose on the Japanese percomputer industry are firms have software that U.S. Nonetheless, the IEEE were made reciprocal for U.S. pretending the situation is companies need, they'll be thinks a hard rain's gonna fall. universities and government better than it really is." selling heavily here," the gov­ Here's the U.S. telling the laboratories, Japanese super­ However, by letting in ernment official says. "NEC is Japanese to open their mar­ computers would have to be the Japanese, the IEEE sees working its butt off to develop kets or else, while simulta­ acceptable to those agencies the industry living on desola­ software. When those devel­ neously blocking the Massa­ on nondiscriminatory terms." tionrow. opments take place, we have chusetts Institute of Technol­ For some supercom­ "The new requirements no laws to restrict them." ogy (MIT) from purchasing an puter users, that day can't could greatly facilitate the en­ This is generally expected to sx 2 from NEC. Of course, dawn soon enough. try of the Japanese into the be sooner rather than later. even a Freedom of Informa­ U.S. At the same time such re­ So why not let them tion Act search wouldn't un­ "We Want the Best Product" quirements could disrupt the come and fight it out nanosec­ cover a written policy on the "The economic leverage implicit partnership between ond-to-nanosecond in the subject, but you can bet the of supercomputers is irrele­ U.S. manufacturers and U.S. tried-and-true capitalist tra­ national debt that govern­ vant and always will be," government laboratories dition? ment agencies aren't about to NSF's Karin says. "What mat­ and/ or U.S. universities, and "Because our entire open their doors to the ters is the use of supercom­ transfer the benefits of part­ economy is at risk," Mc­ Japanese. puters. We need the best su­ nership to Japanese firms. In Adams contends. "Super­ (The Department of De­ percomputers, and we need response to a low bid, U.S. na­ computers are the key to in­ fense, which sees national se­ to make the best use of them. tional labs could be required dustrial design. If you lose su­ curity in every byte, is legisla­ Who makes a supercomputer to become partners to Japa­ percomputers, you're in real tively prohibited from buying is far less important than how nese firms in perfecting their trouble." •

20 DATAMATION D AUGUST 15,1988 News in Perspective

SOFTWARE ing HP's NewWave, says that differences among window Developers Ponder Choices systems and toolkits are not being explained to developers by the vendors of those sys­ Among Graphic Environments tems. Knoble says it is "my The array of windowing options and other features in hope and understanding" that HP will be able to use one envi­ various icon-based systems leads some to ask if a scroll ronment "by and large. If we have to do development and bar in one system is still a scroll bar in another. integration [across environ­ for IBM's Presentation Man­ not obscure the common fea­ ments] to any significant lev­ BY GARY MeWI LLiAMS ager and the XII window sys­ tures of various graphic envi­ el, I'll be unhappy." It's almost enough to make a tem, according to Robert J. ronments (see "Graphical programmer yearn for the Frankenberg, Hewlett-Pack­ Interface Environments"). Third-Party Features simpler days. With nearly a ard's Information Systems Both client-server and net­ Others already working dozen graphical user inter­ Group general manager. "We worked pc approaches posi­ within a graphical environ­ faces and operating environ­ made a decision to use indus­ tion intelligent workstations ment say they expect third­ ments soon to be available try standard windowing capa­ as the focal point for render­ party software developers to and contending for attention, bilities and the associated ing an application. Similarly, have the greatest say on the obtuse C > and $ prompts toolkits as well," he says. each graphical environment which environments and fea­ quickly may prove to be rel­ positions C as the common tures will remain. "To us," ics. Color bands, scroll bars, Intelligent Workstations language for developers. says Kevin M. Maloney, a menus, and buttons are taking To developers, the envi­ With the exception of Apple technical consultant with Fi­ their place. ronments bear on issues as di- Computer Inc., all profess a delity Software Development Another change may be equally obvious. Those con­ Graphical Interface Environments fused and puzzled looks that used to identify a new system WINDOWING user may turn up instead on VENDOR INTERFACE AVAILABILITY ENVIRONMENTS TOOLKITS the faces of veteran program­ mers. "It's a difficult time to AT&T/Sun Open Look QI '89 NeWS, X-II NDE,XT+ be a developer," says Cheryl DEC DECwindows Fall '88 X-II/Windows DEcwindows C. Currid, departmental com­ HP NewWave Nov./Dec. '88 Ms-Windows* NewWave puting services manager for Coca-Cola Foods, Houston. IBM Presentation Oct. '88 Presentation Presentation Manager Manager Manager Significant Issues at Work Microsoft Windows 2.03 Current Ms-Windows MS-Windows Behind the merely cos­ Apple Computer Inc. Macintosh Current Macintosh Mac Toolkit metic differences lie signifi­ (Macintosh only) cant development issues. Apollo Computer Open Dialog Current X-ll Object Manager They can be as basic as a choice of windowing systems, * NewWave is being migrated fo run on Presentation Manager and X-ll windowing environments. or as substantial as the com­ Source: DATAMATION puting philosophy. verse as the computer type readiness to license their en­ Co., Boston, "the issue is Many emerging graphi­ and the wayan application is vironments to hardware and which environment will offer cal environments impose a approached. Richard Tread­ software developers. the greatest number of appli­ client-server approach that way, Digital Equipment Some developers antici­ cations that we will not devel- invokes a minicomputer or Corp.'s manager of DECwin­ pate a gradual reduction of dif­ op ourselves." other server to execute parts dows programs, says the cli­ ferences to alleviate the di­ Aaron Goldberg, vp of pc of an application. Others allow ent-server approach of Xll lemma for programmers. services at market research the application to reside whol­ enables the lowliest of work­ Jaime Knoble, group leader firm International Data Corp., lyon the workstation. The de­ stations to display the results for strategic technology at Framingham, Mass., esti­ gree of differences within en­ of an application running else­ American Cyanamid Co., mates that such graphical en­ vironments can be as varied where on a network. How­ Wayne, N.J., says the Open vironments largely will be the as the applications them­ ever, XlI's demands on com­ Software Foundation, the province of third-party soft­ selves. puter performance rule out XlI consortium, and pacts in­ ware developers. For instance, Hewlett­ enabling the DECwindows volving Microsoft, Hewlett­ HP's Frankenberg says Packard's NewWave initially graphical environment to run Packard, and IBM should de­ programmers will have to employs Microsoft Windows directly on the most widely crease the variations within learn to view development as its windowing system. Fu­ used workstations. each environment. from an "event-based" per­ ture versions will be available Such differences should Knoble, currently test- spective: "This programming

DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15, 1988 21

In the past few years, Wilmar Inc., a member of the National Auto Parts Association, has enjoyed a substantial increase in productivity. Not to mention a growth rate that's twice the standard in the auto parts distribution and service industry. How do they do it? With a database tied to a computer network from Digital. One that allows Wilmar's three distribution centers and 150 stores to provide customers with fast, accurate and knowledgeable service. As President Gary Davis explains, "We're a transaction processing-oriented organization. And in a service industry as competitive as ours, speed is everything. Nobody wants to wait. Whether it's for inventory infonnation or for a part to be delivered. And with our system working in real-time, they really don't have to:' "Speed is one of the reasons we chose Digital's systems, as well as their proven reliability and uptime:' Davis continues, "Because our computer is interactive, it has become the heart of the operational aspect of our business. It keeps track of everything. From over 2 million individual part '~computer network for transaction processing that's movingNAPA/Wtlmar's growth orate and productivity into high gear. " numbers to 850,000 different prices. We even use it for forecasting and simulation All of which helps us keep Wtlmar customers coming back:' Davis also sees Digital's capabilities as a driving force in NAPA/W'tlmar's future. ''With the V~ architecture, you can go up, down or sideways without needing to redo the pro­ gramming. Right now, we're planning for our next phase of automation - computer cataloging. And after that? Well, there's no telling where we can go. But we're sure Digital will be there. With a level of service, responsiveness and commitment that's part of their whole package. A package that keeps NAPA/Wilmar moving in the right direction:' To find out more about how Digital can accelerate your business's ~ D~ D t mD ™ success, write Digital Equipment Corporation, 200 Baker Avenue, •• _ West Concord, MA 01742. Or call your local Digital sales office.

C Digital Equipment Qll,])or.ltion, 1988. The Digital logo and VAX are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation News in Perspective

MICROCOMPUTERS Death of Soviet Pioneer Leaves Gap The future of Boris N aumov' s Five Year Plan for pcs is in doubt as the Soviets search for his successor. the first directorship of the In­ BY DAVID HEBDITCH stitute of Informatics Prob­ The death on June 11 of Sovi­ lems (IPIAN) in the Soviet et computer pioneer Acade­ Academy of Sciences, which mician Boris Nikolaevich has a central role in the com­ CYANAMID'S KNOBLE: Graphic environments improve productivity. N aumov has left a gap in the puterization of Soviet society Soviet computing hierarchy (see "Opening Moves," puts control in the hands of buying all but Intel 80386- that may set back the process March 15,1987, p. 43). the user. . based pcs. Departmental of creating East-Westihigh­ Regardless of some of computing services manager technology joint ventures to Views of Naumov from the West the difficulties that graphical Currid took a look at the rising spur Soviet IS development. Christian Wedell, gener­ environments present, most demand for systems perfor­ In many ways, the 61- al manager for Microsoft in companies are more con­ mance and called a halt to the year-old Naumov provided a West Germany, which has cerned with the greater prob­ purchase of any models with bridge for the Soviet IS indus­ been dealing with N aumov for lem of getting end users to lower performance cpus. try, not only between old and many years, recalls, "He was learn new applications readi­ "Because of that rule, we'll be new styles of Soviet comput­ the sort of person you could ly-and users tend to like in a better computing position ing, but also between East talk to openly. He was able to graphic environments. A pilot in 1989 than we would be and West IS industries. get things moving. It is hard application that Fidelity de­ without it," she adds. In 1983, Naumov earned to say what the effect of his veloped using Microsoft Win­ Such development is­ the post of Academician and death will be at this stage. We dows had users "up and run­ sues aside, Knoble sees the ning in a half hour. From a us­ graphical environments im­ The Structure of the Soviet IS Industry er's perspective, the learning proving end-user productivi­ curve is very short with Win­ ty. "Users are telling us it is a The Soviet computer industry remains heavily centralized, dows," says Maloney. nightmare worrying about as the chart of its infrastructure shows (see p. 26). Frank Nagy, now devel­ where they are-on the pc, Levell'deals with policy decisions relating to the pro­ oping a DECwindows-based the LAN, or the host-all the duction and use of information technology. GKNT used to be control application at the Fer­ time," she says. "That is the the key organization influencing information systems, but it mi National Accelerator Labo­ real benefit of an icon-driven has been somewhat upstaged by the newly formed GKVTI­ ratory, Batavia, Il1., says, "We system: there won't be that the State Committee for Computer Technology and Infor­ see this helping both our tra­ worry." Coca-Cola's Currid matics. The Bureau of Machine Building, a staff organization ditional users and those visit­ agrees that graphical applica­ of the Council of Ministers, is a powerful ad hoc group set up ing experimenters who will tions development may ini­ over the more traditional state committees to blitz the coun- find the system's use more tially require more program­ try's crisis in volume production of computers such as pcs. obvious." As a result, it may ming time "but it will be Level 2 covers R&D and production. Research is done be systems performance that worth it. As it nets out, there priInarily by institutes within the Academy of Sciences~ ~nd represents the strongest will be plenty of toolkits and there are additional coordinating bodies (MNTKS) that limse challenge that early develop­ libraries to compress that de­ between them and mal1ufacturing. Any of these three types ers face. "On anything work­ velopment time." of concern can now set up SKBS (Special Design Bureaus) or ing over a local area network, Even if developers are small firms to specialize in foreign trade.Essentially, MINRA­ you are going to need a pow­ forced to deploy various tool­ DIOPROM makes mainframes, MINPRIBOR makes minis, and erful file server," says Ameri­ kits for competing graphical MINELEKTRONPROM and MINPROMSVYAZI make micros. can Cyanamid's Knoble. environments, the end user At Level 3 are the organizations concerned with ser­ Nagy says his test ver­ should see more similarities vice. On the traditional side,' branches of the ministries deal sion of DECwindows "is slow, than differences, she adds. with maintenance, and software. The poor performance of but not objectionally so. The "When I look at some of the these has encouraged the growth of the profit-motivated co­ i [more powerful] VAxstation graphical environments, they operatives, which will succeed only if they respond to the i:Q 3000 would be the ideal were developed differently users in Leve14~ Of this 'complex and top-heavy structure, ~ environment." but the user will have no prob­ only the co-ops are genuinely motivated by market needs ~ Last year, for similar rea­ lem. A scroll bar in one is a rather than by decisions flowing down from the top. j sons, Coca-Cola stopped scroll bar in another." •

24 DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15, 1988 First we created the UNIX® System. Then we created the most inexpensive way to learn it.

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have lost a valuable contact." Another Western tech­ nology specialist who knew N aumov well is Jeffrey Barrie of Ph argo International, an BUREAU OF East-West trade consultancy USSR COUNCIL MACHINE in Toronto. "Naumov was OF MINISTERS seen by the Soviet dp indus­ Economic BUILDING GOSPLAN and ___ _ MVES try as a loose cannon. But he Commercial L..-----,___ " was a key figure in developing Relations ",c.===:1::==:::::;(1 East-West trade," he says. GKVTI GKNT Barrie credits N aumov ,----- for pulling the strings neces­ I Cooperation sary for his company to get With Other permission to set up two AI­ Countries ph agraphic Mac-based desk­ I IL ______top publishing operations in COORDINATION MANUFACTURE Moscow later this year. MNTKs tv1INRADIOPROM For Naumov, links with Information MINPR1BOR the West were major pillars of MINELEKTRON- . Services & his development strategy. Management • PROM Institutes MINPROM* One of the first problems he SVYAZI faced at IPIAN was how to ac­ Others celerate the process of get­ ting computer power out to the many enterprises that comprise the country's cum­ 2 bersome economy. The pc was regarded as a key part of this process. The Soviet Five Year Plan (FYP), covering the NEW SERVICE second half of the 1980s, re­ STRUCTURES quired that over 1 million pcs be made and shipped. Co-ops Joint Ventures Urgent 3 But Naumov knew this target would prove too much for the USSR's limited manu­ USERS facturing capacity, and he Industry and Commerce urged the formation of joint Service Sector ventures to set up Western Government and Defense technology production lines. 4 Education and Research When DATAMATION in­ ACRONYMS terviewed N aumov at CeBIT AS: Academy of Sciences of the USSR '88 in Hannover in March, he confided that one of his big­ GOSPLAN: State Planning Committee gest frustrations was the in­ GKNT: State Committee for Science and Technology ability to get these ventures GKVTI: State Committee for Computer Technology and Informatics set up quickly (see "Pc Coor­ IPIAN: Institute for Informatics Problems dination is Aim of East Bloc," MINRADIOPROM: Ministry of the Radio Industry (mainframes, pcs) April 15, p. 21). For the time being, Nau­ MINPRIBOR: Ministry of Instrument Making, Automation Equipment, and Control Systems (minis, pcs) mov's place has been filled by MINELEKTRONPROM: Ministry of the Electronics Industry (pcs, multiuser micros) Y.N. Filinov, now First Depu­ MINPROMSVYAZI: Ministry of Communications Equipment Industry (pcs, consumer electronics) ty Director. Although Filinov MNTK: Intersectional Scientific and Technological Complex is an experienced administra­ u tor, he is not an Academician SKB: Special Design Bureau and without that status is not NOTE: Old software and services groups are part of ministries, AS, and other bodies. eligible to be considered in Co-ops are owned by members and react to consumer demand. 1>­ the September election for -<> Source: David Hebditch. with the assistance ofHeikki Auvinen. the permanent post. uL-" ______~

26 DATAMATION D AUGUST 15, 1988 l\1other l'Jaibl~rre Vias really teaclbmg you about data networkSo Back when you were changing so you've got a network that winks at for our snlaller customers who love fast that "dressing up" was a crisis, complexity and easily adapts to thei r independence ... and our prices. you were learning sOlnething very change. A network that accesses So, take the growing pains out ilnportant about data networks: SNA Rand DECnet 1M today Clnd of networking. Contact Tclematics growth is inevitable. meets 051 and ISDN standards International in the U.S. at 1-800- Your business grows ... you tomorrow. A Telematics network. NET\VIDE or (305) 772-2117. add cornputers. Your network Vv'ith a full range of hard­ In the U.K., call (0256) 467385. grows, applications sprout ... you ware and software alternatives, we add computers. You open offices ... make modern networking easy for you add computers. Your network our multi-national customers who grows. connect a mind-boggling assort­ But you can manage it ~r ment of computing resources and n )j\1P[ lTERS FOR COMMUNICATIONS

I )Il I[l'! h ,\ ([,[til Circle 15 on Reader Card ','\;,\1',.\ [1'1'1',ll'l( 1 ~ l'G:hil The"Computer Security Event of the Year" G2) ~©niJi1LQ)Nl~®If ®©DnIfn~~ §lnllnTI~i~n

Don Hutson Gerald Meyers Edward Yourdon Jake LaMotta

This year's lineup of General Session Speakers includes: o Don Hutson. an outstanding and inspiring speaker. will address "A Formula for Success ... with Less Stress" (spouses invited). p Gerald Meyers. author of the best-selling book on crisis management. When It Hits the Fan. o Edward Yourdon. of structured programming fame. and author of the recent book. Nations at Risk. o Jake LaMotta, former world boxing champion and subject of the movie "Raging Bull."

SilrT"~: (GO) 'lJ"JORICSHOPS Conferees can attend 6 workshops over the three days. These 11/4 hour sessions, led by experienced practitioners, cover the entire spectrum of computer security concerns.

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"The CSI annual conference is a "As a first time attendee-I was over­ , . /. must for.:11 individuals involved in whelmed-the info, ideas, organization, and computer security. It is the one quality speakers. I'm already looltlng forward UU place for maint1ining computer to attending the next conference." Richard security expertise, and staying on the leading Pannec\{. Chief. Internal Security Unit, Minnesota edge." John T. Devall, Jr., System Security Dept of Jobs & Training Administrator, Tenneco Oil Exploration "This was the best run conference I have ever "An incredible opportunity to find solutions, attended and I have attended many different give help, and reaffirm commitment; Almost vendor and user conferences; Also you had the exhausting; More useful kno.... 1edge than one best spealters and worlt.shop leaders." Rita person can assimilate." John A. Blackley, Data Stracka, Assistant Dir., Facilities/Security, State Security Administrator. Capital Holding Corp. of NJ. Dept. of Treasury To get the advanced capabilities of a relational database, you used to have to go through a lengthy, com­ plicated, costly conversion. Not anymore. Introducing the INGRES RMS Gateway­ the first in a line of database links that let you apply relational DBMS power to older fIle management systems right now. Today. Without changing a thing. The RMS Gateway makes RMS data appear as rela­ tional tables within an INGRES database. It lets you apply all the INGRES advantages-like easy user interfaces, industry-stan­ dard SQL, and powerful 4GL tools-while protecting your investment in data and applications. Now you can generate all your decision-critical repor t s qUlC·kl y, efficiently, I~(~a~. ,~Ci and without r:fpm~® disturbing other appli- And you cations. can keep on using all your I~l\¥j"ij. RMS-based programs while I~~firnf 1111 you develop and implement new INGRES systems using the same data. Best of all, the power of INGRES allows you to access RMS data across different hardware, networks, and operating systems-trans­ parently-from anywhere in your organization. You can even combine INGRES and RMS data in any application. What's more, an INGRES dBASE III Gateway is now available for data trapped in old PC fIles. And gateways to IBM's IMS, DB2 and SQL! DS are on the way. No other relational data­ base offers you these instant links to older data fIles­ making INGRES the one relational DBMS you can put to work immediately. Which could help put you years ahead of the competition. Get the INGRES advan­ tage-calll-800-4-INGRES for more information. WGRES RELATIONAL TECHNOLOGY lOBO Marina Village Parkway, Alameda, CA 94501 ARMS802DA IT'S TIME FOR

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* Comparison ofHP 3000 Series 950. IBM 4381-22. and DEC VAX 8810. based on US list prices as of May 19.1988. C Hewlett-Packard Co 1988 1802831 HEWLETT-PACKARD

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Circle 19 on Reader Card ft.'.;~ I"~ e

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Circle 20 on Reader Card Behind the News

TERMINALS

week [there are about 1,000 in this cate­ gory] a chance to participate. Suffolk law, New Studies "The training will involve how to position arms and hands to avoid muscle strain and how to avoid VDT glare. We've Reinvigorate VDT Debate gotten a minimum of complaints about The issue of whether VDTs pose a health hazard VDTs. If there's been any sickness or car­ pal tunnel syndrome [a debilitating wrist may never be fully resolved, but some firms are condition] from any of our 5,000 units, moving to improve conditions in the workplace. I'm totally unaware of it." medical officer for the New York utility SuHolk's Law Doesn't Apply Universally BY WILLIE SCHATZ based in Brooklyn, says that Con Ed had The VDT issue wasn't getting much For a time, the controversy about the al­ already taken steps to address the con­ airtime until Suffolk County Resolution leged harmful effects of video display ter­ cerns raised by VDT usage. "We've been 378-1988, "A Local Law providing Em­ minals (VDTS) had cooled to the point that providing for all employees almost all the ployee Protection against Video Display it was almost considered a past battle. things the Suffolk law requires anyway," Terminals," was reached. The bill ap­ Now, new studies and the recent deci­ he remarks. "We offer eye exams and plies only to employers with 20 or more sion in Suffolk County, N.Y., to require whatever remedial action is necessary terminals and employees who operate a employers to provide a safe working en­ from them. We have work breaks based terminal for 26 or more hours per week. vironment for those working on VDTs on union-management agreements. Terminal means only a VDTor CRT. Mem­ have combined to raise the heat around "We've made ergonomic changes ory typewriters and self-contained pcs this issue to the boiling point again. independently, based on recommenda­ are specifically exempted. For some organizations that are tions from our industrial hygienists," Many firms in Suffolk County won't heavy users of VDTs, the issue of wheth­ Doyle continues. "They investigate is­ be affected by the law, but judging from er the devices are hazardous will con­ sues and give advice. We have gotten a the passion of the debate you would think tinue to generate defensive reactions. proposal from an outside organization to it applies throughout the cosmos. "The For others, the issue has already been do a pilot to see if ergonomic training will VDT thing is workplaces, not the ma- ~ addressed by a variety of ergonomic and be at all useful to our employees. We're chines themselves," says Marvin Dain- ~ organizational remedies. probably going to put it into effect this off, psychology professor and director of £

Take Con Edison, for example. Dr. fall. We're going to offer employees who the Center for Ergonomic Research at =_"1 Thomas Doyle, assistant vp and chief work on VDTs more than 20 hours per Miami University, Oxford, Ohio. :::

DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15, 1988 39 Behind the News

Even the most vitriolic VDT oppo­ sessions July 1 instead ofJanuary 1, we'd we find most onerous," says Ralph nent would agree that VDTs are proper be in a world of hurt. Hopefully, we can Baum, vice president of ILC Data Device tools. So management hasn't hesitated to defuse the issue in the next six months." Corp., a Bohemia, Suffolk County-based provide them. According to Cleveland­ That may not be as easy as ADAPSO manufacturer of high-tech electronic de­ based 9 to 5, AKA the National Associa­ would like. vices. "We've addressed the ergonomic tion of Working Women, there are 30 "They're taking away the flexibility issues as the equipment became avail­ million VDTs and 30 million VDT users in of each work environment," says Roger able. That wasn't a heartache for us. And the U.S. Are some of them at risk? The Cawley, staff manager of New York Tele­ if we're not state of the art, we're close. latest study, from the Northern Califor­ phone Co. in Babylon, Suffolk County, of It's in our interest to make the workplace nia Kaiser Permanente Medical Care the new law. "Any office arrangement as productive as possible." Program, documented that women in would be resentful of an outside arbitra- Although few companies seem to early pregnancy who have quantified what spend more than 20 complying with the VDT hours per week on law will cost them, the VDTs are about twice as mere thought of spend­ likely to have miscar­ ing an extra penny has riages as those who been reason enough for don't use terminals. several businesses, in­ But the study team said cluding the Chubb the findings didn't nec­ Corp. and Doubleday & essarily mean that Co., to cancel planned VDTs were the sole expansions into Suf­ cause of the reproduc­ folk. And at least one tive problem, since the company, New York study didn't measure Telephone, is bidding other potentially rele­ the county farewell. vant factors, such as er­ But the affected gonomics and stress. companies haven't Are VDTs danger­ been reluctant to finan­ ous to your health? cially support a legal ac­ Management says no, MIAMI UNIVERSITY'S DAINOFF: IIHow much abuse is one's body supposed to take?" tion, in which the Long workers say yes. If it's Island Association, rep­ possible, both sides now may become tor of the work flow." resenting 3,600 companies with over more intransigent. Supporters of VDT Employers certainly manned the 450,000 employees, is suing Suffolk for legislation surely will keep pressing their trenches in the Suffolk war. They preempting New York State labor law. case. So far, they've tried and failed to stressed that the bill presumed that VDTs pass laws in 24 states, although accord­ pose a health risk where there was none NY Telephone Resents "Intrusion" ing to Deborah Meyer, associate director and that passing it would damage Suf­ New York Telephone may be as of 9 to 5, nine states and the Department folk's reputation as an attractive place for vDT-savvy as they come. With 1,500 of Justice have passed regulations re­ high tech. They also made much of their VDTs in Suffolk County, it couldn't afford garding VDT usage. voluntary compliance with many of the not to be. The company says it has kept bill's provisions. abreast of the latest ergonomic trends Will Push Come to Shove? "Most employers voluntarily do the and is intimate with the details of poten­ "We're going to continue to push things the bill requires because it's good tial VDT hazards. It apparently had clear­ for state regulation and legislation," for their workers and it increases pro­ er vision than the Suffolk County legisla­ Meyer says. "Employers' attitudes ductivity," says John Mancini, Washing­ ture, having instituted an internal eye haven't changed. Employers aren't will­ ton, D.C.-based director of state govern­ care program a few years ago. Company ing to take positive action, so they have ment affairs for the Santa Clara-based employees are allowed to have an eye to be pushed." American Electronics Association (AEA). checkup as needed, with New York Tele­ Make that shoved. Either way, em­ "This [Suffolk's] approach won't help phone reimbursing them on a sliding ployers will gladly return the favor. workers. It's based on old science. scale for the exam and any lenses, glass­ ADAPSO's associate general counsel, Stressing flexibility in the workplace, not es, or other required remedies. Reim­ Joe Ruble, says the Suffolk law poses a rigid legislation, is the most effective bursements for employees range from significant risk to the computer industry way to deal with whatever VDT problem $25 to $90. of similar legislation being passed there is. This bill is too rigid to be So why is the company going to shut throughout the country. "Our major helpful." down its Babylon facility when the lease j campaign to counter that will be two­ expires in December? Some Find Parts of the Law Onerous >- fold," he states. "Let's wait and see what "The government's intruding on ~ the economic and productivity impact is Then someone forgot to tell the leg­ our business," staff manager Cawley £ in Suffolk, and let's increase the training islature, because it required employers contends. "Our benefits come out of col­ ~ for employees on ergonomics. to provide specific eye care benefits. lective bargaining. That's where changes j "If state legislatures started their "That's the health care feature that should be decided. We've got more than

40 DATAMATION D AUGUST 15,1988 1,000 users who would have to be cov­ Meyer says. "If they throw good equip­ you could be up the creek because the ered, in addition to our existing eye pro­ ment at you, it's useless if you don't same legislative standard doesn't apply gram. We figure that's a minimum of know how to use it." to you. $25,000. It's simple common sense." "It's a joint burden," says Beth New York Telephone had been con­ O'Neill, director of the Center for Office SuHolk Companies Receiving Suitors sidering several options, including stay­ Technology, a Washington, D.C.-based "The different rules for different ing in Babylon and signing a new lease. It information group supported by about 40 employees and different sets of benefits had tentatively decided to do just that companies. "Users need to be encour­ for different people will have a ripple ef­ when the VDT law was passed. Once that aged and educated on why the proper use fect on both employers and employees," was a fait accompli, the company was of a workstation is important. Manage­ says]udy MacAvoy, director of the Long gone. ment needs to be made sensitive and Island Association's small business aware that the right work space helps council. Scientific Evidence Is Inconclusive productivity by protecting their "There's already been an influx of Yet, scientific evidence on the VDT employees." recruiters from economic development issue is still inconclusive. For each re­ All the adjustments in the world areas in other parts of the country," she port that links VDTs and adverse health won't alleviate the different treatment of notes. "They're chasing our companies. effects, there's another that says the two different employees under the Suffolk That's the cycle that the county execu­ issues aren't in the same universe. law. The measure mandates a minimum tive perceived, but the legislature, in its N ow the basic issue has changed. 15-minute break every three hours for infinite wisdom, did not. Early fears about radiation from VDTs operators. It also makes those breaks "We've only seen the immediate causing pregnancy problems, among oth­ part of the working day. impact of the eye care provision, which is er putative effects, had supposedly been You can't beat that, no way, no how, the most onerous because there's no cap put to rest. We were never talking gam­ if you're a terminal operator. But if you on cost. We're not going to know the final ma rays, but in the last several years a pound a typewriter in the adjoining desk, effects for five years." • series of small clusters of miscarriages by heavy VDT users has kept the radia­ Using Ergonomics To Improve the Bottom Line tion issue from being completely buried. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has said that Okay, admit it. Your company's work spaces aren't quite what they should be, and VDTs don't emit unsafe levels of electro­ you're thinking of redesigning them. Like any reasonably savvy businessperson, magnetic radiation. The response to that you want proof that you won't be wasting your money. theory is that any additional radiation, no You got it. The statistics don't lie, and you could look them up, right in Chap­ matter how minute, means additional ter 34 of Ergonomics of Working Posture (N. Corlett,]. Wilson, F. Manencia, eds., risks. Taylor and Francis, New York, 1986). Today, the debate centers around The study found there, "Cost-Benefit Analysis of Work Environment Invest­ the office environment. Ergonomics, not ment at STK's Telephone Plant at Kongsvinger," documents the fact that a little radiation, is the new buzzword. investment today can go a very long way later. "How much abuse is one's body Located in Kongsvinger. about 100 kilometers northeast of Oslo, STK's plant supposed to take in the service of an em­ was plagued by high rates of musculoskeletal and long-term sick leave and an ployer?" Dainoff asks. "What's a reason­ astronomical turnover rate. From 1967 to 1974, musculoskeletal sick leave was able effort? 5.3% of total production time. "The initial introduction ofVDTs ex­ Long-term sick leave in that period was 9.9% of possible working time, reach­ ceeded that amount," he says. "There ing highs of 13.4% in 1973 and 16.9% in 1974. The turnover rate was the most have since been significant improve­ staggering of all, averaging 30.1 % annually. ments in the workplace, but now there's In 1975, STK. obviously aware of what was going on, anted up for what the evidence that forcing someone to sit in a authors call "an extensive redesign of all workstations, which gave each operator fixed position for a long time can lead to greater flexibility to vary working posture." such musculoskeletal problems as low­ The results were mind-blowing. The old workstations had a fixed height, back pain." which, according to the study, caused 'inuscle strain as a result of struggling with Res ipsa loquitor on that one. But "excessive muscular loads due to the need to adopt awkward postures ...." that's an ergonomic issue, not a VDT one. The next time they ran the numbers, there was about a 400% improvement. The machine per se doesn't cause the The turnover rate from 1975 to 1982 plummeted to 7.6% of total production time. pain. Sitting in front of it does. So if the Musculoskeletal sick leave from 1975-1982 also dropped drastically, to 3.1 % of employer provides the user with a state­ total production time. The decline in long-term sick leave wasn't as dramatic, fall­ of-the-art work space, those physical ing to 9.4% for the seven-year period. But even a 0.5% drop is nothing to sneeze at. problems theoretically will be history. The bad news? The total investment in ergonomics, ventilation, lighting in­ So what else can they do now? stallation, lighting, and running costs for the lighting at 1986 value was NKr338,992 Train. Not the two-a-days that foot­ ($45,872). ball players love so much, but the serious Now the great news. The reductions: recruitment cost (thanks to less turn­ work of learning how to use thatexpen­ over), NKr108,812 ($14,724); training cost, NKr1,645,720 ($222,696); instructors' sive workstation. salary cost, NKr812,019 ($109,881); and sick payments, NKr659,643 ($89,262). "Training is incredibly important," For you math wizards, that's a total of NKr3,226, 194 ($436,562).

DATAMATION D AUGUST 15,1988 41 \ \ \ \, \ \ \ .... ,. .. 1"'1" •• •• • • 4 • .. "

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Circle 22 on Reader Card he penetration of database management systems in the computer rooms of large or­ ganizations has become so widespread as to be nearly complete. At sites with IBM 308Xs, 3090s, or compatible mainframes, in fact, it's rare not to find DBMSs: installation rates are approaching 90%. Although DBMSs haven't pene­ trated departments and desktops to the same degree as they have data cen­ ters, they are increasingly finding their Fatal Flaws way onto the midrange and microcom­ puter systems found there. As compa­ nies automate more functions and as computer power becomes available to greater numbers of people, the amount of data generated grows corre­ spondingly, as does the need for soft­ inS L ware to handle the storage, retrieval, and updating of that data. Moreover, organizations typical­ Three properties of Structured Query Language have poten­ ly have several different types of DBMS tially devastating consequences for users and software de­ software, often for different purposes velopers. Two of them, regarding duplicate rows in relations and applications. It is not unusual to and separation of psychological and logical features, are ex­ see more than one brand of DBMS run­ amined in part one of an article to be continued next issue. ning at a large manufacturing compa­ ny. Nor is it unusual to see different types of DBMSs-hierarchical, net­ work, or relational-running at the defined kind of nesting of a query within a same company, depending on whether BY E.F. CODD query; the need is in a production environ­ t is clear that DBMS vendors are • Flaw No.3: it does not adequately sup­ ment or in an environment that is less rushing to support Structured port three-valued logic, let alone four. production-intensive. The hardware, Query Language-either IBM's In an article entitled "Where SQL too, is often mixed and matched, which version or its weaker ANSI cousin. Falls Short" by C.J. Date (see May 1, can mean different brands and types of To an observer, this is like watching a 1987, p. 83), numerous errors of omis- DBMSs on various hardware platforms flock of lemmings congregate within the same company. Ratchet up on a beach in preparation for exponentially this phenomenon in the marching into the sea. With the pc/workstation world. exception of Teradata, there is This first wave of DBMS usage is, no sign that any vendor, includ­ however, giving way to a new reali­ ing IBM, is considering the ty-the need to integrate these sys­ question of which parts of SQL tems and make productive and are technically worth support­ efficient use of the information gener­ ing and which parts will get ated by them. Paving the way is IBM's them and their customers into Structured Query Language, the de trouble, if they are supported. facto standard in DBMSs today. No­ The criticisms of SQL in where are DBMSs more important than this article or in the second half in OLTP applications. That's why in this of it (to appear in the Sept. 1 is­ special report DATAMATION sue of DATAMATION) are cer­ tainly not intended to be • calls on E.F. Codd, the noted father interpreted as criticisms of the of relational technology, to examine relational approach to database SQL on behalf of users and software de­ management. SQL departs sig­ velopers. See "Fatal Flaws in SQL," at nificantly from the relational right; model, and, where it does, it is '---l1•••• ij_,... ••••••••••••• SQL that falls short. Neither are • follows up on a ground-breaking TPI they intended to be interpreted as whole­ sion and commission in the database lan­ article, which first ran in DATAMATION sale criticisms of DB2, which supports guage SQL were cited. I agree with the in 1985, that benchmarked the perfor­ SQL, but on the whole is a good product. errors cited, but feel that three of the mance of DBMSs in on-line transaction most serious errors were omitted alto­ The Ways In Which SQL Is Flawed processing environments. See "All gether. Two flaws are addressed in this ~ TPls Are Not Created Equal," p. 51; What then are the flaws in SQL that article. The third, regarding four-valued -"=..~_ have such grave consequences? Here logic support, will be the subject of the ~

• surveys nearly 1,000 users regard­ are just three: second part of this article in the next is- Q)

ing their current use of DBMSs and fu­ • Flaw No.1: it permits duplicate rows in sue of DATAMATION. Q. ture purchasing intentions. See "The relations; My position on these three flaws is ]

Q) Q. New Era of DBMS Integration," p. 57. • Flaw No.2: it supports an inadequately as follows: o '------~------~ ~ DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15, 1988 45 Fatal Flaws ---In ~Ol.-"",-

• duplicate rows within relations ought point, we consider the operators projec­ Now, let us reverse the sequence of to be prohibited, as Teradata has done tion and equi-join. Suppose that the pro­ operators, executing the equi-join first to with its version of SQL; jection does not discard any of the generate relation T and then executing • even though I am not totally opposed columns whose values are compared in the projection of Tonto B,C,D,E. to nesting, it requires precise definition the join. Then, providing no duplicate and extensive investigation prior to be­ rows are allowed, the same result is gen­ R[8=E] 5(A 8 C 0 E) T(8 C 0 E) ing included in a relational language; and erated whether the projection is execut­ al 1 c1 dl 1 1 c1 dll • four-valued logic should be fully sup­ ed first and then the join, or the join is ported within the DBMS. executed first and then the projection. a2 1 c1 dl 1 1 cl dll Note that if, as usual, the projection a3 1 c2 dl 1 1 c2 dll Why Duplicate Rows Cause Problems cites the columns to be saved (instead of Relations in the relational model those to be dropped), there would need al 1 c1 d2 1 1 c1 d2l and in mathematics do not have duplicate to be a change of this list of columns de­ a2 1 c1 d2 1 1 c1 d2l rows. There may, of course, be duplicate pending on whether the projection pre­ a3 1 c2 d2 1 1 c2 d2l values within a column. Relations in ceded or followed the join. If, however, which duplicate rows are permitted will the projection cites the columns to be a4 2 c2 d3 2 2 c2 d32 be referred to as improper relations. discarded, there need be no change in the as 2 c1 d3 2 2 c1 d32 At first sight, permitting relations to list of these columns. Both forms of pro­ have duplicate rows appears to be a dis­ jection are useful. The final result has eight rows, including armingly simple extension. When this two cases of duplicate rows. Clearly, extension was conceived, I was asked for An Example Involving Join and Proiection when duplicate rows are permitted, the my position on it. I indicated that, before This degree of immunity to the se­ result obtained by executing the projec­ any such extension was made, it would quence of operators is lost when dupli­ tion first and then the join is different be necessary for the proponents to in­ cate rows are permitted within from that obtained by executing the join vestigate the effect of duplicate rows on relations-the adverse consequences of first and then the projection. If duplicate the definitions of each and every relation­ which will be detailed later. For now, rows had not been permitted, the results al operator, as well as on the mutual in­ let's examine an example involving join would have been the same as one anoth­ teraction of these operators. It is worth and projection. Suppose duplicates are er, whichever sequence of relational op­ noting that the relational operators were allowed in the result of projection, but erations was adopted. What this example originally defined and their mutual inter­ not in the result of join. In SQL this means shows is that changing the sequence in action was originally investigated assum­ that the qualifier DISTINCT is used in the which relational operations are executed ing (as in mathematics) that relations had join command only. can yield different results if the DBMS per­ no duplicate rows. mits duplicate rows within a relation. This task was simply not done by R(A 8 C) 5(0 E) IBM, Oracle, or any other vendor that lat­ DiHerence In Results Is Significant er adopted SQL. Neither was it addressed al 1 c1 dl 1 It is useless for an advocate of dupli­ by the ANSI committee X3H2. The conse­ a2 1 c1 d2 1 cate rows to dismiss the difference be­ quences of their inactions are dev­ tween these results as nothing more than astating. a3 1 c2 d3 2 two rows being duplicated, because that The contention that the DBMS must a4 2 c2 suggests that duplicate rows are mean­ permit duplicate rows if its statistical as 2 c1 ingless both to users and to the DBMS. If functions (such as SUM and AVERAGE) are so, why support duplicate rows, along to deliver correct answers is quite incor­ with their penalties? Opponents of dupli­ rect. Clearly, duplicate values must be Taking the projection R[B,C] first, and cate rows assert that such rows are permitted within columns. For example, retaining duplicate rows, we obtain the meaningless to users and a probable it is impossible to rule out the following result shown below. Then, let us take the cause of user errors. They also reduce possibilities: two values of currency hap­ equi-join of this relation with S compar­ the effectiveness of optimization by the pen to be the same (for example, the cost ing column B with column E, permitting DBMS. Consequently, they should be pro­ of two distinct parts); or two employees duplicate rows in the operands, but not in hibited by the DBMS. happen to have the same birthday; or the the result. Another possible argument from inventory levels for two distinct kinds of the advocates of duplicate rows is, "Why parts happen to be identical. R[8,C] (8 C) R[8,C][8=E] 5(8 C 0 E) not express the projection and join com­ The statistical functions can and bined into a single SQL command? Then it should operate in the context of relations lc1 1 c1 dll will be impossible to use the qualifier DIS­ that do not have duplicate rows. This 1 c1 1 c1 d2l TINCT on one of the operators without it means that the relation name as well as becoming effective on the other." A first 1 c2 1 c2 dll the column name are arguments for a sta­ reply to this is that one of the two opera­ tistical function applied to that column. 2 c2 1 c2 d2l tors may define a view and the other a When manipUlating true relations 2c1 2 c2 d32 query on that view. A second reply is that (duplicate rows NOT permitted) using the the DBMS undoubtedly does not prevent a relational operators of the relational 2 c1 d32 programmer from expressing these op­ model, there is a high degree of immunity erators in separate SQL statements, to the specific ordering chosen for exe­ The final result has just six rows and no whether one is a view definition or not. cuting these operators. To illustrate this duplicate rows. It is worth noting here that, if the

46 DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15, 1988 DBMS permits duplicate rows in results, it careful thought than would have been must also permit duplicate rows in oper­ necessary if duplicate rows had not been ands due to the operational closure fea­ permitted. One consequence will be a ture of relational database management proliferation of unnecessary bugs in pro­ systems. The principal relational lan­ grams and in terminal activities. The ex­ guage is mathematically closed with re­ tra thinking and the extra bugs will spect to the operators it supports. This undoubtedly cause an unnecessary re­ means that, in the principal relational lan­ duction in the productivity of users. A far guage, the results of manipulative opera­ more serious consequence is that undis­ tions must always be legal as operands. If covered bugs may lead to poor business improper relations are permitted, then decisions. they also must be permitted as operands. The relational model is based on at This closure feature is intended to make least 11 fundamental laws. One of them is it possible for users to make investiga­ E.F. (ODD: SQL has three major flaws. as follows: every row in a relational data­ tive inquiries in which, from time to time, base taken together with the name of the it is necessary to use as operands the re­ adequately claimed by one assertion­ relation in which it occurs must uniquely sults of previous queries. the claim of its truth is not enhanced by identify some object in the micro-world In case you think this is just an iso­ repeated assertions. In database man­ being modeled. This fundamental law is lated example, let us look at a quite differ­ agement, repetition of a fact merely adds violated if duplicate rows are permitted. ent example involving three simple complexity, and, in the case of duplicate This is an important part of the job of relations, each concerned with employ­ rows within a relation, uncontrolled maintaining the database in a state of in­ ees, flrst their names, second their quali­ redundancy. tegrity. The DBMS must help the DBA in flcations, and third their ages: The reduction in interchangeability this responsibility. of the sequence in which relational oper­ ations are executed can adversely affect The Psychological Mix-up El(E# ENAME) E2(E# QUAL) E3(E# AGE) both the DBMS and users of the DBMS. As As used here, the term "psychologi­ we shall see, it damages the production cal" refers to what is often called the hu­ by the DBMS of effIcient target code (this man factor aspects of a language. The As usual, E# stands for employee serial process is usually called optimization) term "logical" refers to the logical power number. Using SQL we can flnd the and substantially increases the user's of a language, especially the power names of employees who have the de­ burden in determining the sequence of achievable without resorting to the usual gree PhD or whose age is at least 50 (or relational commands, when the user programming tricks, such as iterative who satisfy both conditions). One of the chooses to make this sequence explicit. loops. distinct ways in which this query can be Normally, if proper relations are Optmizer Seeks Efficiency expressed in SQL involves using logical employed, a manipulative command or OR. Another way involves using UNION A relational command usually con­ query expressed in terms of nesting and on the serial numbers for employees that sists of a collection of basic relational op­ using the term IN can be reexpressed in satisfy each of the conditions. These two erations. Part of the optimizer's job is to terms of an equi-join. However, let us approaches should always yield the same examine the various alternative se­ look at an example involving improper result, but do they? The answer is that, if quences in which these basic operations relations. Suppose we are given the rela­ one is using SQL, it depends on when and can be executed. For each such se­ tions EMP and WAREHOUSE: in what context the user requests that quence, it determines the most effI- duplicate rows be retained or eliminated. cient way of exploiting the existing EMP(E# ECITY) WAREHOUSE(WNAME WCITY) If UNION ALL is used in this context, the access paths. E1 A WI A result contains the names of employees Finally, it determines which of duplicated whenever each employee sat­ the alternative sequences con­ E2 B WI A isfles both of the conditions (that is, he or sumes the least resources. It should E3 C W2 D she has the PhD degree and is at least 50 be clear, then, that any reduction in years old). the interchangeability of ordering of W3 C the basic relational operations will W4 E Adverse Consequences of Duplicate Rows reduce the alternatives that can be Consider two or more rows in some explored by the DBMS, and this, in turn, EMP is intended to list all the employees improper relation that happen to be du­ can be expected to reduce the overall by employee serial number and city in plicates of one another. One may well ask performance attainable by the DBMS. which the employee lives; and WARE­ what is the meaning of each occurrence Occasionally, the user may (for vari­ HOUSE is intended to list all warehouses of these duplicate rows. If they represent ous reasons) express in two or more re­ by serial number and city where located. distinct objects (abstract or concrete), lational commands what could have been Suppose we wish to flnd each employee why is their distinctiveness not repre­ expressed injust one. For example, he or name and the city he or she lives in when­ sented by distinct values in at least one she may decide to express a projection in ever that city is one in which the com- ~

component of the row (as required by the one command and a join in another com­ pany has a warehouse. One might rea- OJ relational model)? mand. Because the sequence of these sonably expect that this query could be ~ If they do not represent distinct ob­ commands can affect the ultimate result handled equally well either by an equi- ~ jects, what purpose do they serve? A fact when duplicate rows are permitted, the join or by a nesting that uses the IN term ~ is a fact, and, in a computer, its truth is user must give the matter much more as follows: j

DATAMATION D AUGUST 15, 1988 47 Fatal Flaws InSQL

great variety of users, and, therefore, dif­ to qualify are excluded. This is clearly not Select E# ECITY Select E# ECITY ferent users may have entirely different what was requested. Like the previous From EMP, From EMP educations, training, and backgrounds­ example, this kind of surprise is the hall­ WAREHOUSE Where ECITY in and that means that it is very unlikely that mark of a poorly designed language. just one approach to psychological sup­ When the prototype System R was Where Select WCITY port will be adequate. passed from IBM Research to the product ECITY = WCITY From WAREHOUSE Accordingly, all of the statements in developers, the question of SQL'S trans­ each of the several distinct languages latability from a nested query to a non­ The results obtained, however, are not providing psychological support should nested version had not been investi­ identical: be translatable into the single language gated. Subsequently, the product devel­ providing logical support. Until that opment divisions found the problem too E# ECITY E# ECITY translatability is demonstrated for SQL, difficult to handle in its optimizer. As a serious problems in using that language result, the first three releases ofDB2 per­ E1 A E1 A will keep turning up. form poorly on nested queries comparerl While on the subject of nesting que­ with nonnested queries. This is truly E1 A E3 C ries within queries, there are two fea­ ironic, because SQL had been sold to E3 C tures of IBM's SQL that I feel drastically IBM's management on the basis of its al­ reduce both the comprehensibility and leged ease of use and power due to the Once again we have a problem that usability of SQL. To illustrate these fea­ nesting feature. arises, in part, from permitting duplicate tures, let's modify slightly the previously The difference in performance of rows. mentioned examples concerning em­ nested and nonnested versions of the This case, however, is somewhat ployees and warehouses. same query puts an unnecessary perfor­ more complicated. Whenever the DBMS Some city names occur several mance-oriented burden on users, which encounters a query in nested form, it times in the United States, but only once will not disappear until nesting is prohib­ needs to transform such a query into a in any selected state. For example, Port­ ited or the translatability problem is com­ nonnested form in order to simplify the land occurs both in Maine and in Oregon. pletely solved and incorporated into optimizer's task. Some excellent work Suppose to each relation (EMP and WARE­ DBMS optimizers. In nested queries, as in on this has been done by Won Kim, R.A. HOUSE) we add a column pertaining to the nonnested versions, duplicate rows Ganski, and H.K.T. Wong. However, state in which the city is located. Then let must be prohibited to avoid the additional

there appears to be two major omissions us try the query: burden of unexpected discrepancies in I from this work: first, the question of du­ the results. • plicate rows is not discussed; second, Select E#, ECITY, ESTATE even if duplicate rows were prohibited, FromEMP In our next issue, Dr. Codd addresses the remaining question is whether the the third flaw in SQL-namely, that it coverage in this is complete with respect Where (ECITY, ESTATE) in does not support three-valued or to all nested versions permitted in SQL. Select (WCITY, WSTATE) from four-valued logic. More important, he My position on the nesting of SQL is also suggests steps that users can WAREHOUSE that, when conceived, about 1973, it was take to avoid severe difficulties be­ an attractive idea, but one needing care­ fore vendors take action to fix all ful scrutiny and investigation by its pro­ The DBMS refuses to handle this query, three flaws. ponents. It was advocated by them along even though it is just like the original, ex­ with other features of SQL as a replace­ cept that in this case the IN clause in­ ment for predicate logic in the relational volves a combination of columns instead E.F. Codd is president ofthe Relation­ world, and as a more user-friendly lan­ of a single column. To a user, this seems al Institute, San Jose, a nonprofit or­ guage than the preceding relational data­ totally inappropriate behavior for a ganization that conducts public base sUblanguage ALPHA. I DBMS. DB2's ability to concatenate the seminars throughout North Amen'ca The first cited basis is simply not name of a city with the name of a state and Europe on the entire spectrum of true. As time has progressed, the SQL ad­ can be used to alter this query into an ex­ relational database technology. vocates have found it necessary to incor­ ecutable one. However, this is neither a porate bits of predicate logic in the general nor a natural solution to the Footnotes language. The second had some credibil­ problem. IE.F. Codd, "ALPHA: A Data Base ity-however, in that case, SQL would be Now let us return to our original re­ Sublanguage founded on the Relational a curious mixture of the logical aspects of lations, and merely alter the query to elic­ Calculus," proceedings of the 1971 ACM a relational language and the psychologi­ it more columns of data. Let us request: SIGFIDET Workshop, San Diego. Avail­ cal aspects. able from ACM, New York. These two kinds of concern should Select E#, ECITY, WNAME, WCITY General References be kept separate from one another for From EMP, WAREHOUSE E.F. Codd, "Missing Information two reasons. First, a relational language (Applicable and Inapplicable) in Rela­ has to be effective both as a source lan­ Where ECITY in tional Databases," ACM SIGMOD Record, guage and as a target language because Select WCITY from WAREHOUSE December 1986. of the myriad of subsystems expected on E.F. Codd, "More Commentary on top (e.g., expert subsystems and natural This time the DBMS yields the Cartesian Missing Information in Relational Data­ language subsystems). Second, the rela­ product of EMP with WAREHOUSE, except bases," ACM SIGMOD Record, March tional approach is intended to serve a that rows that contain the cities that fail 1987.

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~~ for PC spreadsheet users. , r/~h'l . ® is a WYSIWYG word processor-it stands alone or can be integrated W fi'i#'·>'/4 with ESS! Spreadsheet references in docu- .r.-----';'.'.''.':'::''''~--:"--,~.-.--~r-~'""""',.....j7\' W~ ~a~~~~~~ga~:omatically updated when the ! ., :L'" .. (, \, / "" k"'/' b/ //', n "'" ~ Ir/ ~;!~"j~~'j ~. lets mainframe users access any of .• ,',1 · TeDI me,,)

~- //£1 the hundreds of dial-up online public data- 1,',.,r,•. 'l,.,:.i,, mCJr.::-:~CJut, !,,/.I\~ ~;/ 1~J, bases and electronic mail systems. I{I 'U [./Ii·;j f .,. ~~' ," ™ provides POP-uP win-'f!'l4 ( ,t ~ ,,' //;t. dows or creatIng memos, notes, an d per - ,:" I~;' NAME k /, /;:/ ,'~!~1 sonal files; doing calculations; and schedul- r;,f / 1/' ______~/,/ / ~ ing appointments while in another ,"f! /! ~ 1 COMPANY k?:;, P~/:(r/2 application, )i,~p 11.'1 TITLE -'------PH-ON-E---- r, jl I / ~ rt ,i: ';, IJ k!j!~'Ii" Trax specializes in easy-to-use end user soft- r' #'11# J~A-O-OR-ESS- 1/' ware-call or write today for more Information! I/lit r Iv; ClTY'STATE'ZIP DTM815 ~// -" .' .. '.",. . • Telex: 350048 ~! ,ti Trax Softworl',;" , : .:, I~, ) Los Angeles, CA 90064 " ,.;'1!l!i'~( """1:~"" ~l f 7nOO"lD' DW----r-ln'-r-- ..... ,Y - ______---'L...iJ,,'--'UI.-i/~_'!-_'l--itJJ.....Jt_....iJ' /VU ~i ~L-lU\\.-. __--J)l. Running under PC-MOS/386™ or PC-DOS. it turns your server PC into a multi-tasking controller. driving a truly expandable LAN that 1. How fast does it install. is easily and quickly upgradable. We have no competition in this category. LANUnk 5X installs A hardware LAN. on the other hand. becomes obsolete as new in about fifteen minutes. and it doesn't take a technician to do it. technology is introduced. And. to keep the network up and running Since LANUnk 5X uses standard parallel or RS-232 serial ports. as applications change. you need the attentions of a technician. on installing a network means little more than connecting the cable a continuing basis. A very well-paid technician. and loading the software. How fast can you pay for it. With hardware LANs. installation can easily take two days­ one to set it up and one to tweak it. And it also takes someone Now we've arrived at the bottom line. where LANUnk 5X is who really knows what hes doing. That is. someone expensive. toughest to beat. You can install a five-user LANUnk network for about the same cost as the LAN board in a board-driven network. 2. How fast does it transmit. On top of that. factor in what you save on installation and mainte­ Okay, this is the category we don't win; the hardware LANs nance time. and the difference is pretty dramatic. are generally a little quicker. At least. they are under optimal condi­ LANUnk 5X is available immediately, and it comes with a money­ tions. which is how they rate themselves. back guarantee. Its price of $595 includes a server and a satellite But LANUnk 5X is pretty quick. too. At half a megabit per second. module plus the network operating its way out ahead of any other software LAN. and right at the heels system. Additional satellites are avail- ffi!l.;L'j!:j./Ly;~i/{t~7J of the hardware types. Which. of course. are far more expensive. able for $125. for complete details on the fast­ est software-driven network avail­ 3. How fast does it maintain. able. calI800-451-UNK. The real cost of a network is not so much the initial price as it is LANUnk 5X. Because three out the continuing outlay for maintenance-adapting it to changing needs. of four ain't bad. THE SOFTWARE LINK Thats something lANUnk 5X does practically on its own. 3577 Parkway Lane. Norcross, GA 30092 (404) 448·5465 FAX (404) 263·6474 Circle 24 on Reader Card SPECIAL REPORT: DBMS All TPls Are Not Created Equal

Experience in evaluating OL TP DBMS products has shown that the TP 1 benchmarks used by different ven­ dors cannot be considered equivalent to one another. The following article contains a series of questions that will help you determine how to make a comparison.

BY STEVEN is a minibatch transac­ CANIANO tion that updates small batches of rec- n selecting a ords. The third is a database management utility that does batch system for on-line data movement. The transaction process- outputs of the latter ing applications, one two are elapsed time typically encounters and cost. discussions of the TP1 As one in the benchmark. This bench- business of DBMS mark, which was fIrst comparisons and se- introduced to the pub- lections, I have de- lic in DATAMATION in signed and developed 1985 (see "A Measure several benchmarks, of Transaction Pro- spoken to many peo- cessing Power," April pIe, and read many 1, 1985, p. 112), de- documents describ- scribed a means for ing TP1 results for quantifying and com- particular products. paring the through- The problem I have put and price/ encountered is that performance ratios once you go beyond of various transaction the surface, it be- ~

processing systems. comes clear that no =_.__~ The original two versions of these ~

OLTP measure was comprised of three rating as well as a cost-per-transaction so-called "TP1s" can be considered Q) generic operations. The first is a single fIgure. Simulating a debit/ credit opera- equivalent. "­ interactive transaction that would be the tion in a banking application, it came to be As has been reported in the trade ] basis of a transaction-per-second (tps) known as a "TPl." The second operation press, it seems that each vendor (or 2i ~------~~ DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15, 1988 51 or some or all ofthese activities and sever­ Work Sheet for Comparing TP 1 Benchmarks al new ones? Different activities can greatly affect the nature of the bench­ Benchmark 1 Benchmark 2 Benchmark 3 mark. Of the original benchmark's three defined activities, the most popular is the TPI debit/credit banking transaction. Activities Benchmarked The minibatch transaction and utility are omitted in most TPI benchmarks. Hardware Environment Does your TPl benchmark specify type of hardware, operating system version, and Communications Protocol system configuration in which the bench­ mark was run? Obviously, the hardware Think Time Rate environment will greatly affect the benchmark results. The original bench­ mark was performed on Tandem Response Time Requirements computers.

How does your TPl benchmark simulate Outputs of Benchmark users? It is important to know how users are simulated and what communications Size of Database protocols are used. The original bench­ mark simulated users with block-mode terminals (e.g., IBM 3270) sending and Tuned at Expense of Maintenance? receiving messages through communi­ cations lines using the X.25 line protocol. Excessive Redundant Data? Different types of communications will cause different degrees of overhead on the system. Obviously, no communica­ Degree of Locking tions overhead should allow the bench­ mark transactions to provide better response time. Logging Requirements What transaction rate does your TP1 Syntax Errors in Input Data? benchmark use? The original debit/ cred­ it transaction simulated users entering transactions at a rate of one per 100 sec­ Negative Balances Permitted? onds. This can be thought of as the user "think time." It is important to know Deadlocks Restarted? whether your benchmark uses this think time or defines its own standard think time, uses a variable think time, or uses Stable State Defined? no user think time. The think time ratio will greatly affect the response time pro­ vided to the users. The greater the think Randomized Input Data? time, the better the response time, if the number of users remains constant. TP Monitor or Timeshare?

~~ Does your TPl benchmark impose any re­ sponse time requirement? The original Version of Products debit/ credit transaction imposed the re­ quirement that 95% of all the transac­ benchmarker) has included the portions tion ofTPl, itis important to evaluate any tions must be completed within one of TPI that will show the particular prod­ TPI results carefully. The following list second. A benchmark that concentrates uct in the best light and has chosen to of questions, while not all-inclusive, pro­ more heavily on transactions per second omit or modify other portions without re­ vides a starting point for knowing when than on response time may be ignoring gard for the preservation of the original two TPls definitely are not the same. The user requirements. The response time TPI definition. This practice is fine if all accompanying work sheet can be used to figure is usually the more important fac­ products in question are exercised chart the results of a TPI benchmark tor to users in an on-line application. through an identical test, but it does not comparison. permit the comparison of the results of What outputs does your TPl benchmark different TPI test groups. Does your TPl benchmark include all produce? The outputs produced are a Since it would be impossible to get three defined activities, only the banking good indication of the priorities of the all parties to buy into one standard defini- transaction, none ofthe defined activities, benchmarkers. The original benchmark

52 DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15, 1988 AIITPlsAre Not Created Equal produced outputs such as transactions may not depict a typical system and usu­ as though they had been successfully per second, cost per transaction, and ally will not give a good indication of real completed. elapsed time. performance. DoesyourTPl benchmark countall trans­ How large is your TPl benchmark data­ What type oflocking does your TPl bench­ actions or does it define a "stable state, " a base and what files are present? The origi­ mark have? The original benchmark re­ pen'od when all users are executing con­ nal benchmark database consisted of quired that all files be locked with fine currently, and count only transactions four files, defined as follows: granularity locking. Fine granularity completed within that pen'od? Transac­ • Branch: 1,000 records, 100KB, random locking is mandatory in most OLTP appli­ tions completed outside of a stable state access; cations. At the minimum, page-level will provide better results due to a lighter • Teller: 1,000 records, 1MB, random locking is usually required. A lesser de­ load on the system, with the exception of access; gree of locking is not very realistic for the first several users who initially will • Account: 10 million records, 1GB, ran­ OLTP systems. have to read some of the critical database dom access; and files into memory. • History: a gO-day record of activity, What are the logging requirements ofyour 10GB, sequential access. TPl benchmark? Most OLTP applications Does your TP1 benchmark require that the The use of a database that is greatly require transaction logging, and the orig­ transaction input data be randomized? If scaled down may indicate that the sys­ inal benchmark required that all updates the input data are not randomized, it tem has problems handling large be logged and that the log file be du­ could be that much of the work is being amounts of data and may also provide plexed. Omitting logging would probably performed in memory, eliminating the better results. If the files are scaled down increase transaction performance. A du­ need for I/O, which may not be realistic. enough, they may be residing in core plexed log is an added security measure memory during the execution of the and mayor may not affect performance, Does your TPl benchmark execute benchmark, providing much better re­ depending on its implementation. through a transaction monitor or in a sults than can be expected in a real sys­ timesharing mode? A transaction moni­ tem due to the elimination of much How does your TPl benchmark handle tor usually will provide better through­ input/ output. transaction input data? Does it allow data put than will running in a timesharing to be rejected for syntax errors or are all mode (e.g., one database back-end pro­ Does your TP1 benchmark allow f£le struc­ input data always correct? Does it allow cess per user). If a transaction monitor tures to be tuned to benefit the benchmark transactions to be rejected for insuff£cient was used, it should be noted whether or transactions, at the expense of normal funds or does it allow negative balances in not it is a part of the product in question. maintenance activities? The original accounts? Does it reject transactions in If not, it should be noted whether the database was designed so as not to de­ deadlock situations or are they restarted products it is compared to were bench­ tract from the performance of normal file until they run to completion? In any of the marked using a transaction monitor. maintenance activities (e.g., add/ delete/ previous three cases, if rejection of modify record) for the purpose of im­ transactions is permitted and the bench­ Does your TPl benchmark provide results proving benchmark transactions. A mark counts rejected transactions, the for the commercial version of the product benchmark that allows this is not simulat­ performance results are improperly high in question, an early version of a new re­ ing a "real world" application. due to the fact that all transactions have lease ofthe product, or a special version of not done the intended work. In fact, with the product that is used exclusively for Does your TP1 benchmark database this scenario, the system with the most benchmarking? If you cannot purchase contain unusual amounts of redundant deadlocks or input errors would provide the product today or in the near future, data that eliminate the need to access cer­ the best results since those transactions the results really are not pertinent. tain files at times? This design technique would do no work, yet would be counted With all of these permutations, TP1 Clearing the BenchmarkAir benchmarking as defined in today's in­ dustry is far from a standard science. It is In an effort to standardize on-line transaction processing benchmarks, Omri Ser­ not my assertion that the original TP1 is lin, of Itom International, Los Altos, Calif., and Tom Sawyer, senior consultant the only valid TPl. Rather, this explora­ with Codd & Date Consulting Group, SanJose, have proposed new test guidelines tion is intended to emphasize that before under the auspices of the DebitCredit Council (DCC), which Serlin is establishing. one can compare products through TP1 Relational database vendors that refer to TPI test results as an overall mea­ benchmarks, it is necessary to analyze sure of OLTP system performance have obscured the fact that the TPI benchmark and compare the TP1s themselves. • "measures only database engine performance," Serlin says. The Serlin-Sawyer test, proposed to some 50 OLTP hardware and DBMS ven­ Steven Caniano is a DBMS specialist at dors, seeks to clarify mandatory and optional benchmark requirements for an AT&Tin Piscataway, N.]. He is responsi­ overall measure. Among the proposal's mandatory requirements are the execu­ ble for the evaluation, recommendation tion of a cost-per-transaction measure and use of networking software. and technical support ofDBMS products If a vendor does only the mandatory requirements, it would get a compliance for the Unix operating system within point rating of 70; if it fulfills all of the optional parts as well, it would get 100 points. AT&T. Heisa member ofthe Unix Tech­ The options include using an exponential arrival rate of transaction and protecting nical Support District within the Opera­ the log file with mirroring to make it recoverable. tions Technical Support Div. oftheAT&T Information Management Services BY MARSHA J. FISHER organization.

DATAMATION D AUGUST 15, 1988 53 Compaq introduces the best of 80386 technology for every computer user.

~--~~ ... -... -... ~-~ The 16-MHz - .-- COMPAQ - =:::=-:::-:-::--=---= ~ DESKPR0386 ------\>"- "'~~,~~ .... ~'".... ''''', ~""" >-"""'''''.... ~.-<'''~ ..... ~_ ... ~ .... ~~ ... ,....",..""o. _~''"''''~ '~~:~:.. 'iI: "; . 'f': :' j cThe 20-MHz , ." .. ~ --=--=:.1 '

ICOMPAQc c IDESKPRO 386/20

design ,c' Cc thatfitswhere _//~/~,,·-'the competition. can't. /", Business c, users:thepass-c inglane isnow open. The most powerfuJ PCa.~aiIabl~:{ The COMPAQ DESKPRO 386/25 is poweredbyc£IleW COMPAQ 25-MHz Intel 386* microprocessor. Surrounded by c. DESKPRO COMPAQ Flexible Advanced Systems Architecture, if,' 386/25, two new entries runs industry-standard software upto60%f(L5terthan to the highest-performing most 20-MHz 80386 PC's.c It also ctaps powerful 'line of personal computers in the Windows/386, MS~ OS/2,XENIX~,UNIX~and gther world. These PC's do more than push 80386 80386 software and operating systems .. Plus it delivers technology forward; they widen it. up to 1.2 gigabytest 'ofstorage and up to 16 megabytes of memory. c c . ccc, Mfordable 80386 performance for anyone Quite simply, it's the most powerful PC available. considering 80286 PC's. For some fast facts on the world's highest­ performing personal computers, call 1-800-231-0900, Now breakthrough technology from Compaq brings Operator 66. In Canada, 1-800-263-5868, Operator 66. the power and performance of 80386-based personal COMPAQ" and COMPAQ DESKPRO 386" are trademarks of Compaq Computer computing to millions of business PC users. Corporation. Microsoft", MS· and XENIX" are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. The first PC powered by the new Inter 386SX* Microsoft" Windows/386 and Microsoft" Operating System/2 are products of Microsoft Corporation. Product names mentioned herein may be trademarks and/or registered microprocessor, the new COMPAQ DESKPRO 386 s trademarks of their respective companies. "Registered U.S. Patent and 'D:ademark runs your current software up to than Office. COMPAQ DESKPRO 386/25 graphics ©1988 Accent Software, Inc. ©1988 60% faster Compaq Computer Corporation. All rights reserved. 10-MHz 80286 PC's. You can run 32-bit software ·Hereafter referred to as 80386SX and 80386 respectively. 80286 PC's won't run at all. And you can work with tWith two optional new COMPAQ 300-/600-Megabyte Fixed Disk Drive Expansion Units. multitasking software such as Microsoft~ Windows/ 386 and Microsoft Operating System/2. Plus you can rDIIIPAQ, take advantage of its brilliant COMPAQ VGA graphics and a list of standard features, all in a sleek new It simply works better. reengineering with the NEW Micro Focus COBOL/2 ">"N'''''''''.~.-o Workbench.* SP E( i AL REP 0 RT: DB M S The New Era of DBMS Integration

Integration and connectivity may be popular buzzwords to toss about the computer industry these days, but users of database management systems are serious about linking their databases and the mainframe, minicomputer, and microcomputer levels, according to the findings of an exclusive DATAMATION poll.

their mainframe counterparts, and even BY DAVID R. BROUSELL fewer-19%-see any connection from BMSs have become an essential pcs to minis. Dpart of computing, and, as such, they are At the data center level, a large major­ presenting IS managers with a new chal­ ity-83.6%-say they have one or more lenge-integrating DBMSs at all levels of types of DBMSs running on their main­ their systems organizations. Of greatest frames. On the DBMS side, IBM is still clear­ interest is melding DBMSs in their data cen­ ly dominant, with 56.4%· of respondents ters with those on end users' desktops. saying they currently employ an IBM DBMS Three out of four IS managers plan to on their system. SoftwareAG, Reston, Va., integrate their mainframe DBMSs and the and Cullinet Software, Westwood, Mass., database systems used on their organiza­ came in second and third with 17.8% and tion's pcs and workstations-one of many 13.9%, respectively. fmdings in an exclusive DATAMATION sur­ When queried on their buying plans, vey, conducted in May. The survey drew users are strongly in favor of Oracle 158 responses ~------~ Corp.' s DBMS from 800 users products. Al­ who received though just 2% questionnaires, of survey re­ a response rate spondents cur­ of 19.8%. The rently use the sample was lim­ company's prod­ ited to users at ucts on their IBM or IBM-com­ mainframes, of patible main­ users surtreyed, frame sites. 31.3% plan to Integration purchase Oracle intentions drop database soft­ significantly at ware for those other levels: on­ machines. The ly 34% of sur­ results confirm veyed users say the 1988 DATA­ 1QJ they plan to in­ MA TION / Cowen a. tegrate their & Co. large­ ] QJ a. mini DBMSs and scale systems o ------~ DATAMATION D AUGUST 15, 1988 57 The New Era of DBMS Integration

Some 31.7% of them are on IBM minis, I DBMS Diversity while 12.2% are using Hewlett-Packard IThe Courtshio of VAX systems. The overwhelming choice as DBMS Percentage of those with one supplier for those users currently run­ Percentage of those running a or more types of DBMS running ning separate database software on their DBMS on a VAX••• on mainframes. minis is Oracle, which was mentioned 20% of the time. HP, IBM, and Cincom fol­ lowed, each with single-digit percent­ ages. For those users planning to purchase separate DBMSs for their minis, Oracle again wins the popularity contest, garnering 63.6% of mentions. Relational Technology, heretofore a single-digit player, jumps to second place with 27.3%, and DEC takes third with 9.1 %. At the microcomputer level, 65% of survey respondents are either using or plan to use a DBMS on their personal com­ DNo puters/workstations. More than three DYes DYes DNa quarters of respondents have IBM or compatible pcs. For those currently us­ ing a DBMS, 53.4% cite Ashton-Tate as ... And those planning to inte­ survey, which also showed Oracle's mo­ their supplier, with Oracle in the number grate with IBM systems. mentum (see "IBM Puts on the Gloves two spot with 9.6%. But the tables may with MVS/ESA," May 15, p. 56). IBM again turn in the future: Oracle captures 37.5% took flrst place in this category with of plan-to-purchase responses versus 56.3% of mentions. Digital Equipment 25% for Ashton-Tate. Corp. places third with 12.5%-further evidence that the lines between main­ Many Plan DEC-IBM Integration frames and high-performance minicom­ Only a small percentage of those puters are nearly completely blurred. participating in the survey-23.5%-say Software AG, at 6.3%, drops to fourth, they have DBMSs running on their DEC tied with five other companies. Cullinet VAXs, but 46.2% of these people indicate ~ was not mentioned. they plan to integrate it with their IBM t::: ~ A minority percentage of respon­ systems. A nearly corresponding num­ fS dents-34.7%-indicate they are now ber-43.1 %-say they have particular DYes DNa o Have no C§ running or intend to run separate DBMSs applications they want to integrate with ~ IBMs ;:t on their minicomputers. As might be ex­ their central DBMSs. The application c5S pected, a majority-58.5%-of those mentioned most frequently is personnel, mini separatists are on DEC platforms. followed by [mancial services, account- tion, international banking, trading, and ...------'"-1 ing, materials re- payments, mortgage-backed securities, .\ Targeted Integration I quirements plan- oil and gas production, policy writing/rat- L...-_-=.____ --=~ ______--' ning, marketing/ ing, process control, production report- sales, customer ac- ing, contract management and customer counts, mortgages, service, scheduling, service request/ cus­ The levels of planned integration. order entry, and tomer record, custom software, market­ shipping. ing information systems, and student There are al- record systems. so a wide variety An overwhelming majority of re­ of other applica- spondents-85%-say they plan to ac­ Mainframe-to-workstation/micro tions that users complish this integration themselves. are interested in A surprisingly low percentage of sur­ integrating with vey respondents indicate any plans to buy their central DBMSs. a distributed DBMS. Only 21.1% say they Some of these, as have such plans. Mainframe-to-mini revealed by single Relational technology, on the other <: mentions by sur-hand, has clearly become the standard :~ ~ vey respondents, type of DBMS technology, with the survey -; ~ are budgeting, showing 69.2% of respondents currently

CD Mini-to-workstation/micro ~ blueprints, CADI using a relational DBMS. Of those respon- l3 '" CAM, CASE, claims dents who are not using a relational prod- .5 ~ processing, geo- uct now, 37.8% say they are planning to c5S • 1.--______---:. ______-.1 u~15 ______graphic informa- convert to one. • __'

58 DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15, 1988 -._--..

\. I I - ...... /' /

"'\

/ It takes quite a computer to design a computer.

When IBM design engineers need a workstation to design the future, they turn to the IBM RTTM system for developing everything from circuits to software. More and more commercial users are also recognizing that the RT's power, enhanced connectivity, extensive application library, outstanding graphics and low price make it the system-of-choice to build on. Medical practices, bridge

IBM RTTM Specifications builders and retail chains are among those that have already Users RT 1 syste1~3~emory put the to wor (.

oper~t~n~-~~s~eBmAIX (native mode) The IBM RT is a high-performance system based on Langc~f~~ancedc,vspascal,pascal, Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) technologv, an Basic, VS Fortran, Fortran 77, RM .F Data~~~~I,CommonLiSP.Assembler innovation pioneered by IBM to execute most instructions Oracle,'M Ingres Micrm~o~~~~~~ssor,170orlOo in a single cycle. Designed with the UNIX™ environment in nanoseconds. 20M Hz Motorola 68881 Floating Point unit mind, the RT can run hundreds of existing programs and

RTand AIX are trademarks of the I BM Corporation. UNIX isa trademark of AT&T Bell Laboratories. Ethernet is a registered trademark of Xerox Inc. NFS (Network File System) is a trademark of SU N Microsystems. Oracle is a trademark of the Oracle Corporation. © IBM 1988

'., 1, ,~."'-··l t

take full advantage of future AIX™ and UNIX innovations. To meet your complex communications requirements, the RT supports TCP/IP, ASCII, SNA, Ethernet; Token-Ring and NFS™ networking configurations for homogeneous/heterogeneous distributed networks for up to 32 users per RT. And you can easily customize your RT system to your particular needs using languages and programming tools for commercial, scientific and expert system applications. Add to this winning formula the RT's advanced memory management, data base management systems, floating point capabilities and IBM's unparalleled service and support. And you've got quite a computer, indeed. To arrange for a call from an IBM marketing representative or an IBM industry remarketer, or for literature, call1-800-IBM-2468, Ext. 41. ------... ---. ..------. ------______------, _',f<) The Bigger Picture DATAMATION PROYIDES THE YITAL BACKGROUND FOR AN ABC 20/20 TYSEGMENT.

§([))[lrW21rre IEilllg§~ '~::;o,;:'::.'::~:i:::J A MI2llrlrerr rn _ ILiiliZG 2lIm((J] ILii21rD)ii~iilLy You read it first in DATAMATION when a major software glitch was linked to the deaths of patients. Once again, the editors of DATAMATION went beyond business as usual to get the full story and its precedent setting legal ramifications for producers of software and hardware. In addition to keeping MIS professionals informed on the subject, the article also provided important background and a clear mapping of the borderline between technology and the law for the"producers of an ABC 20120 tv segment.

DATAMATION - The Leader in Information Technology Coverage system, instead of the 'software' to ac­ complish the applications need," ex­ plains Michael Cohn, an analyst with Input, a market research firm in Moun­ The tain View, Calif. 11 Ie Pt1 '- Instead of dy- rave 109 ogram~£~n~le;~~j:;l~a~ ty. "Acceptance of using contractors has gone up a lot over time," comments Wil- liam Hendry, manager of corporate sys­ ~OpU I ar Sh OM' tems for the Coca-Cola Co. "It used to be that using contractors meant you weren't up to a particular job. Today, it's ~-:""""~~ ___-",!"~!!"t difficult to get and keep high-quality staff." The Coca-Cola CO.'s Corporate Information Services department uses contractors to handle as much as 75% of its infor­ mation systems work, Hendry says. At any time, he adds, the company can be employing software en­ gineers and programmers from 20 different contract­ ingfirms. The Atlanta-based soft-drink vendor is not alone in its dependence on contract programmers. Computer Task Group, a Buffalo, N.Y., computer services vendor, claims that 84 members of the Fortune 100 are clients for its contract programming services. The jobs that CTG handled for about 30 of those companies totaled t:t~.;;.:.:.:..~~~~:.::,:.;~~~~~.J.i.i.;.~~~~==::::~.;!.;.;l.:~~::::::=~~:::=~~~~=~ more than $1 million each, - to J. David Ehlke, executive vice president of marketing. y most reckoning, the High-technology firms are as likely Hiring third-party software demand for contract as any other type of company to use con­ programmers is still popu­ programming services tractors. IBM and AT&T are customers of lar, despite the increase in should be declining, AGS Information Systems, a Mountain­ the availability of pack­ and fairly rapidly. side, N.J., services firm that recently was aged software that em­ On one side, con­ purchased by Nynex. powers users to program tract programmers face "Even companies that say they and the competitive on­ competition from an increasingly large don't use 'consultants' [contract pro­ slaught of systems integra­ pool of vendors hawking the latest gen­ grammers] still do," declares Alex tors. Contributing factors to eration of relational databases, fourth Bleier, project development director for this demand are the diffi­ generation languages, computer aided AGS. "Things happen. People quit. You culty in keeping skilled pro­ software engineering tools, and expert can't deliver the systems you've prom­ grammers in-house, the systems products, which are putting ised, etc." Contract programmers allow requirement for customiza­ more programming power directly in the IS departments to overcome these obsta­ tion even with packaged hands of users. cles on fairly short notice, Bleier software, and the ability of On the other side, contract pro­ explains. contract programmers to gramming is seen by many today as the Two Kinds of Professional Services deliver systems quickly.

DATAMATION D AUGUST 15, 1988 63 The Trayeling Programmer

services is comprised of software partment of Health and Human Ser­ development, consulting, education vices' Office of Administration for and training, and facilities manage­ Children, Youth, and Families, for ment. Of those, software develop­ example, has used Planning Re­ ment, the piece most commonly search Corp., a subsidiary of Emhart equated with contract program­ Corp., for the past two years to de­ ming, is the largest, according to In­ sign and write its Headstart Pro­ put. In 1987, U.S. users spent $7.6 gram's Funding Guidance System. billion on software development The IBM 4361 mainframe­ contract services; by 1992, that based system tracks recipients of should almost double to $14.5 bil­ grants under the low-income educa­ lion, the firm estimates. tional supplement program for the entire U.S. Currently, PRC is updat­ Services Vendors Shy from Label ing and modifying the system to re­ A number of services vendors spond to various user suggestions, find the "contract programming" la­ says Joseph Wechsler, chief of the bel limiting. "Technically, we may MIS branch for the office. Its next do the same work as a contract pro­ task will be to work on migrating the grammer, but we also share man­ mainframe system to the pc level agement and risk with customers," and to do some of the on-site train­ says Lawrence Levitan, a managing ing for the new systems. Ultimately, partner with Arthur Andersen & Co. Weschler says, HHS would like to get "We'll still go after this [contract PRC to do support nationwide. programming] business very hard. But we'll say to a customer, 'You Two Kinds of Federal Contract Bids may think you want to buy program­ Although most, if not all, con­ mers, but we'll show you why you tract-programming vendors aspire need more-entire systems.' " to provide everything from design A few contractors are even in to support for the systems on which the software sales business, having they work, this situation does not al­ hammered out agreements with cli­ ways materialize. The National ents to market less specialized ver­ Aeronautics and Space Administra­ sions of their software to other tion (NASA), like many federal enti­ firms or having devised joint-mar­ ties, solicits bids for two separate keting agreements with third-party NASA'S STALLINGS: Working with CSC since the 19705. types of contracts: development, software vendors to customize and and maintenance and operations. support their packages. The Coca-Cola Co. uses this broad­ Usually, one vendor helps develop the Because there is no clear-cut defini­ er definition of contract programming. software, and another acts as an agent to tion of where consulting ends and soft­ "We use 'nonemployee workers' for ev­ test and then take over the system. ware development begins-or, often, erything from business strategy consult­ The Goddard Space Flight Center, even a way to distinguish between con­ ing and strategic planning to board Greenbelt, Md., has taken this dual­ tract programming and systems integra­ stuffing and [local area network] cable award route with both its Space Tele­ tion-many users are hesitant to say pulling, as well as programming," says scope and Packet-Processor Data whether they are using contract pro­ corporate systems manager Hendry. Catcher Facility contracts. Computer gramming services. Some think of con­ Sciences Corp., EI Segundo, Calif., han­ tract programming as "body-shopping," dled the contract-programming assign­ or hiring temporary employees, usually ments on both, according to the head of on a dollars-per-hour basis, to perform the Data Catcher Systems section, Wil­ predetermined programming tasks. liam Stallings. (The maintenance por­ (One example of this is the practice of tions have not yet been awarded.) hiring offshore programmers.) Others SOME CON· Goddard has been working with CSC consider the contract programming and TRACTORS SELL since the 1970s, Stallings says, as a re­ systems integration markets to be al­ sult of a shortage of programmers skilled most one and the same. SOFTWARE. in developing real-time software for Input's definition falls somewhere spacecraft telemetry. in between. For the research firm, "soft­ In the course of developing four ma­ ~ ware-development contract services" in­ Overall project management is virtually jor software systems for the center's ] cludes custom software development, the only task Hendry exempts from the Gould Inc. (Fort Lauderdale, Fla.) Con­

Ql modification of commercially available contract-programming realm. cept machines, "csc has built quite a

Ql software packages, software testing, Government agencies, which con­ knowledgeable staff," Stallings says. ~ software conversion, and maintenance tinue to be the single largest group of us­ "They've developed their own software £ and enhancement of existing applica­ ers to employ contract programmers, development methodologies tailored ~ tions. Many others would call the same also seem to entrust a lot of work besides toward building systems for the space ef­ j services systems integration tasks. programming to contractors. The De- fort." At the same time, he points out

64 DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15, 1988 Have Software, Will Travel

Nole: This list is not 10 be taken as comprehensive; most maior vendors should provide conlract programming services. AGS Computers Inc. Digital Equipment Corp. 1500 Planning Research Dr. 1139 Spruce Dr. software services manager, McLean, VA 22102 Mountainside, NJ 07092 local branch office (703) 566-2749 (201) 654-4321 CIRCLE 086 CIRCLE 091 CIRClE 080 Electronic Data Systems Price Waterhouse Arthur Andersen & Co. 7171 Forest Lane 1410 NW Shore Blvd. 69 W. Washington St. Dallas, TX 75230 Tampa, FL 33607 Chicago, IL 60602 (214) 661-6000 (813) 876-9000 (312) 580-0069 CIRCLE 087 CIRCLE 092 CIRClE 081 IBM Societe Generale Bolt, Beranek & Newman Local branch or Professional Services Group Blvd. Haussmann 10 Fawcett St. 75009 Paris, France Cambridge, MA 02238 472 Wheelers Farms Rd. CT (33-1) 40 98 20 00 (617) 491-1850 Milford, 06460 CIRCLE 093 CIRCLE 082 (203) 783-7000 CIRCLE 088 TRW /Systems Development Computer Sciences Corp. 1 Space Park 2100 E. Grand Ave. McDonnell Douglas Redondo Beach, CA 90278 EI Segundo, CA 90245 Information Systems Co. 11701 Borman Dr. (213) 535-4321 (213) 615-0311 CIRCLE 094 CIRCLE 083 Suite 295 S1. Louis, MO 63146 Unisys Corp. Computer Task Group (314) 432-0345 Local branch or 800 Delaware Ave. CIRClE 089 Professional Services Group Buffalo, NY 14209-0198 Peat, Marwick, Main & Co. Blue Bell, PA 19422 (716) 882-8000 CIRCLE 084 9193rdAve. (215) 542-4011 CIRClE 095 cSKGroup 24th Floor Shinjuku Sumitomo Bldg. New York, NY 10022 Wang Laboratories Inc. 6-1 Nishi-Shinjuku 2-chome (212) 758-9700 1 Industrial Ave. CIRCLE 090 Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 163 japan Lowell, MA 08141 (81-3) 344-1811 Planning Research Corp. (617) 459-5000 CIRCLE 085 (a subsidiary of Emhart Corp.) CIRCLE 096 that esc has been "very open regarding what data processing allows them to do." the design/ development/test process. technology exchange with the govern­ The demand situation at Coca-Cola Likewise, the company employs a vari­ ment." The Data Catcher Systems divi­ Co. is the same, Hendry says. "We use ety of contracts in hiring its contractors, sion employed 40 esc programmers at packaged software a lot. It reduces the ranging from flxed-price, closed deflni­ the peak of its latest Packet-Processor amount of coding needed. But it doesn't tion contracts, to simple time and materi­ project. result in much decrease in demand for als (dollars per hour) arrangements. Both Goddard and HHS used the contract programmers," since custom­ When selecting a contractor, "we standard government contract-award ization is still required. use the same interviewing process as if process to select their contract vendors. we were hiring someone full time," In addition, both have found themselves Commercial Clienls Use Several Vendors Hendry says. "Individuals must flt our subject to federal budget constraints. Unlike federal users, commercial image and work ethic, and we're pretty "This flscal year the budget is tighter, so contract-programming clients are unlike­ fussy." To Hendry and other users, one we're doing less contract programming ly to rely on a single vendor to handle all of the key advantages of contracting is than in the past," acknowledges HHS's of its customization and other software­ that "you can act and react quickly, in Wechsler. development chores. For instance, on terms of hiring and flring." It's this kind "For one thing," he says, "we've one of its most recent development proj­ of flexibility that can make or break a lost staff and haven't been able to replace ects-a Retirement Tracking System project ... and, sometimes, even a them. But if we didn't have these con­ that will monitor employees' eligibility company. • straints, our need for contract program­ and requirements for various retirement ming would increase, primarily because plans-the Coca-Cola Co. used multiple Mary Jo Foley is a Washington, D. c., users are becoming more familiar with contractors to handle different phases in business and technology freelance wn·ter.

DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15, 1988 65 , L , '. [ c

(' • L I I , ! ~, I ,.' · J,

f , J,'. TRENDS HARDWARE PAGE PRINTERS are becoming the peripheral of choice for many IS managers, thus helping fuel growth in the nonimpact printer market. A survey conducted by Dotek Information Services shows that 20% of all printers shipped in 1987 were nonimpact printers­ up from 16% in 1986. The survey, published in June, also found that nonimpact printers generated 40% of the whole printer mar­ ket's $8.5 billion sales in 1987, compared with 31 % in 1986. Page printers-particu­ larly zero- to 10-page-per-minute ma­ chines-account for much of the growth in nonimpact printers, says Naomi Luft Camer­ on, associate director of research for the Waltham, Mass.-based company. Datek es­ timates that in 1986,290,000 page printers were shipped, representing 5% of all print­ ers shipped and generating $1.8 billion- 24 % of the printer market's dollar value. In 1987,583,000 page printers were shipped, accounting for 9% of the market and bring­ ing in $2.8 billion-33% of the revenues. At the high end of the market, page print­ ers-such as IBM's 3800 (which prints line by line, but is considered a page printer) and The IAP6000 acts as a switch between BRI circuits and PRI circuits. Xerox's 97XX models-have been replacing line printers in many shops for applications such as on-demand forms printing (see liThe Tools for Developing ISDN Printer Promise of SAA," Nov. 1, 1987, p. 58). Datek's Cameron tells DATAMATION that page printers allow IS managers to IIde­ Applications are Introduced sign forms electronically, change them, and print data and forms at the same time." A premises controller that switches between BRI At the low end, the clear leader in page and PRI offers ISDN services for less. printers is HewleH-Packard. According to Cameron, much of the growth in the micro the IAP6000 acts as a switch between on­ market has been spurred by HP's low-priced BY MARY KATHLEEN FLYNN LaserJet Series II. Before its introduction in premises BRI circuits-which include 1987, HP's laser printers were between Teleos Communications Inc. has un­ two B channels and one D signaling chan­ $3,000 and $4,000; Series II was $2,500, veiled three products that are said to han­ nel-and PRI circuits, which include 23 B and it's now $2,700. dle true Integrated Services Digital Net­ channels and one D signaling channel. Tony Graffeo, senior vp of information work switching between basic rate inter­ With bundled network access us­ systems at Home Insurance Co., New York, face (BRI) and primary rate interface ing PRI, the number of individual BRI con­ tells DATAMATION he's purchased about (PR!) circuits on a customer's premises. nections to the central office can be re­ 200 HP Series II machines in the last year. The IAP6000 is an ISDN premises duced, producing savings on access The machines are now printing documents controller; the ASK200 and ASK300 are charges and monthly service, says Tel­ previously handled by other technologies: tools for developing ISDN applications. eos. Because it can extend to 100 miles charts that used to be sent out for typeset­ All three are based on the vendor's ISDN or more, the IAP6000 provides access to ting and customer declaration pages that Adjunct Processor (lAP). According to ISDN services for remote locations that used to require typing on preprinted forms, Teleos, which is headed by Ungermann­ are too far away for BRI circuits. Such cir­ for example. Laser printers account for 20% Bass cofounder Charlie Bass, the lAP can cuits are limited to between 12,000 feet to 30% of all pc printers at the company. provide voice, data, and image network­ and 16,000 feet. The IAP6000, which is IIThat's been growing geometrically over the ing in a local environment, as well as available now, is priced at $12,500. last eight months," he says. III expect that transparent access to metropolitan and The ASK200 simulates basic voice to double or triple within 12 months." wide area networking with the public and data features of an ISDN central office switched ISDN network. switch. Software designers can use it to If you'd like additional information According to the vendor, the create, test, and implement end-to-end about products covered in this is­ IAP6000 Premises Controller offers end ISDN BRI applications without having to sue's hardware Trends, please circle users bundled access to network ser­ access public BRI lines. In addition to the 269 on the reader service card. vices from local and interexchange carri­ lAP, the product includes two ASK100 de­ ers. Geared toward larger customers, velopment systems-a micro-based de-

68 DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15,1988 New Products

BRIEFS velopment tool introduced by the compa­ Fiber LAN Altos Computer Systems, San Jose, has ny last year. The ASK200 is available lONET debuts a lOMbps fiber-optic brought out an IBM AT-compatible now. Prices begin at $37,000. local area network system. networked workstation designed for The ASK300, which contains a concurrent access to MS/DOS and Unix­ Touting a unique design that connects Unix applications development proces­ based multiuser applications. The Altos hundreds of micros without repeaters, sor and a mass storage subsystem as Workstation 100 is available for 10NET Communications has brought out well as the lAP, is designed for creating $1,800. CIRCLE 251 custom switching and applications soft­ a new 10Mbps fiber-optic local area net­ ware for oem versions of the lAP. It is work system. 10NET, a division of Digital Alliant Computer Systems Corp., Little­ available for $56,000. TELEOS COMMUNI­ Communications Associates Inc., says it ton, Mass., has introduced a minisuper­ CATIONS INC., Eatontown, N.J. CIRCLE 247 offers three to five times the throughput computer targeted at classified defense, of its 1Mbps fiber-optic system. intelligence, and commercial environ­ Uninterruptible Power The hub design allows users to con- ments. Available in the fourth quarter, nect pcs over six kilometers apart with­ the Fx/80T TEMPEST system, which runs New on-line UPS for minis is small- out repeaters, the vendor says. Using a on Alliant's Unix and on a real-time oper­ er, lighter than traditional systems. star topology with up to three levels of ating system, is $449,000. CIRCLE 253 Emerson Computer Power has added to the eight-port hubs, customers can con­ its product line an on-line uninterruptible nect 392 micros over a five-hub span. Digital Equipment Corp. has added six power system (ups) that it says com- For secure government environ­ new models to its V AXstation 2000 fam­ bines a size and a price tag associated ments, the new LAN offers an interface ily. They run VMS or Ultrix (DEC's Unix). with less effective off-line systems. for TEMPEST applications. Prices begin at $13,830. CIRCLE 254 The AP130 3KVA UPS is the latest in a Available now, the product is priced series of compact on-line systems that at $1,295 per node. The 10MEG hub is of­ Univation, Milpitas, Calif., has delivered are designed to complement the ven- fered separately for $2,995. lONET COM­ a new high-performance 80386-based r---..::....------=------, MUNICATIONS, Dayton, Ohio. LAN server in a tower configuration. CIRCLE 249 The LifeServer 386/ST is IBM AT-com­ patible. Available now, it comes in three X.25andSNA models, priced between $18,170 and $27,450. CIRCLE 255 IBM NetBIOS LANs gain in X.25 and SNA gateways. Boca Research Inc., Boca Raton, Fla., Gateway Communications has brought out an 1/0 adapter that of­ Inc. has made its G/x25 Gate­ fers extra ports to Micro Channel users. way and G/SNA Gateway wide Priced at $210, the Boca.MCA Serial/Par­ area networking products allel provides two Rs232c serial ports available for IBM N etBIOS­ and one parallel port per board. It is avail­ based LANs. Both new gate­ able now. CIRCLE 256 ways create session transport Proteus Technology Corp., Hasbrouck protocols in an IBM standard Heights, N.J., has introduced an 80386- N etBIOS environment to allow based Unix multiuser systeJl1. The Sys­ shared network access to tem 3400M, which is available now, also communications facilities, the comes with multiple operating systems. vendor says. They allow us­ It is priced at $6,499. CIRCLE 257 ers on any Novell NetWare or IBM N etBIos-compatible LAN Concept Communications, Dallas, has to connect to a variety of delivered a pair of expansion boards, mainframes, minicomputers, which provide full-motion, full-color vid­ dor's full-featured API 01 series for minis. and pcs via public or private data eo conferencing for IBM PCs and compat­ The new product is one third the size and networks. ibles. The Image 30 boards-one a video weight of the AP101 series. Available now at $1,695, the G/x25 processor, one an audio processor-are The machine has the same power Gateway features 20 terminal emula­ available now, priced at $11,000 each. rating and offers a three-to-one crest fac­ tions, which include DEC, IBM, Televideo, CIRCLE 258 tor design that enables it to handle cur­ Data General, Hewlett-Packard, NCR, rent peaks three times its KVA rating ADDS, Viewpoint, Honeywell, Tandem, Sony Microsystems Co., Palo Alto, has without degrading performance, the ven­ Alpha Micro, Hazeltine, Datapoint, and announced it is filling out its NEWS Unix dor claims. The new product is aimed at Zenith machines. technical workstation family with a se­ users of newer computer systems, which The G/SNA Gateway is available now ries of machines that will incorporate are smaller, less expensive, and require for $2,580. It features IBM 3270 and 3770 dual Motorola Corp. 68030 processors. less starting power. terminal emulation and accommdates up Workstations in the NEWS 1800 Series Priced at $6,190, the AP130 3KVA to four simultaneous host sessions. will be priced between $35,000 and UPS is available now. EMERSON COMPUT­ GATEWAY COMMUNICATIONS INC., Irvine, $45,000. Shipping is scheduled for the ER POWER, Santa Ana, Calif. CI RCLE 248 Calif. CI RCLE 250 year's end. CI RCLE 259

DATAMATION D AUGUST 15, 1988 69 TRENDS SOFTWARE CICS USERS CAN SORT ON-LINE with a new product from Syllogy Corp. Until now, the COBOL sort verb-used in many applications for producing reports, summarizing information, and matching and merging-has been available only in batch environments. In the world of CICS-IBM's 19-year-old, on-line Customer Information Control System-sort is a restricted verb. Syllogy's ceo Martin Goetz, a founder and former president of Applied Data Research, Princeton, N.J., says that to get around the restriction on sort, CICS users have had to write their own sort routines, use secondary indexes of VSAM files, or delay reports and write them in batch mode. The Hackensack, N.J.-based company's CICSORT will be avail­ able at the end of this month, priced be­ tween $6,000 and $17,000. Walter Masterson, a New York-based in­ dependent software consultant and eight­ year CICS veteran, has dealt with the lack of a sort verb until now by IIgoing into the Walker Interactive Systems brings its financial software package to the DB2 world. database and requesting different access paths." This IIburdens the database," he says, and has been lIa pain in the neck." Masterson, who is enthusiastic about Syl­ Walker Debuts Financial logy's CICSORT and is urging his clients to bring the product in-house, considers it IIhelpful because it's flexible. It will let me Software for DB2 add new applications quickly." One applica­ tion that Masterson cites is on-line reporting Line of mainframe financial packages for MVS is of invoices. IISort would let me list invoices now available under IBM's DBMS. in various sequences--depending on user's request-by due date, order date, or BY MARY KATHLEEN FLYNN Walker says it will make its packages customer." compatible with new releases; upgrades For users content with sorting in batch Walker Interactive Systems has made its to new DB2 versions will be included in mode, there are many offerings available­ line of mainframe financial software the Strategic Management Systems ser­ from IBM, from Synchsort Inc., Woodcliff products available under IBM's DB2 rela­ vice contract. The DB2 products are Lake, N.J., and from Computer Associates In­ tional database management system for available now. ternational, Garden City, N.Y., to name a the MVS operating system. Walker is planning to add the fol­ few. Whether or not the batch players will The packages, known as Strate­ lowing modules to its product line next come to market with on-line sort utilities re­ gic Management Systems, include Man­ year: stores inventory, fixed assets man­ mains to be seen. Goetz says it's likely that agement, BUdgeting, and Accounting agement, and capital system tracking. they will, but not for a year or two. general ledger; Accounts Payable Man­ WALKER INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS, San IBM may help speed up the process, if it agement; Purchase Order Management; Francisco. CIRCLE 260 includes in its new COBOL compiler a stan­ and a set of productivity tools. The com­ dard interface to support the sort verb. pany targets its products at sophisticat­ Proiect Management ed, large IBM mainframe users. Goetz says Syllogy is discussing this possibil­ New release of POC-IT' s pc-based ity with IBM, and he believes it will make it Because its software is DBMS­ easier for software vendors to build sort based, the vendor says that users can mi­ system has enhanced LAN support. utilities. If, as he hopes, many CICS users grate to DB2 without data loss. Walker POC-IT Management Services has intro­ want an on-line sort utility, there's a huge estimates that DB2 accounts for over duced release 1.1 of its project and staff market waiting. Syllogy estimates there are 40% of DBMS sales over the last two management system, MicroMan II. En­ 25,000 CICS users worldwide and 14,000 years. In addition to DB2, the following hancements to this release provide U.S. CICS installations. database management systems are sup­ greater power and flexibility for project ported by Walker's products: IMS, ADA­ planning, scheduling, and monitoring, ac­ If you'd like additional information BAS, IDMS, and DATACOM. cording to the vendor. POC-IT, an IS con­ about products covered in this is­ Depending on system configura­ sultancy, has designed the product for IS sue's software Trends, please circle tion, the upgrade to the DB2 product will managers. 268 on the reader service card. cost current customers between $15,000 New features incorporated in the and $100,000. As IBM enhances DB2, release include an interactive Gantt

70 DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15, 1988 DATAMATION's Editors Win Another Neal Award!

We are proud to announce that for the second year in a row, DATAMATION's editors have won a Jesse H. Neal Award, the business press equivalent of the Pulitzer Prize.

The Association of Business Publishers presented DATAMATION editors, Paul Tate, Willie Schatz, Parker Hodges and David Brousell with the 1987 Neal Award for "Excellence in Reporting," for two exclusive reports covering information systems in Russia (March 15) and China (September 1).

In 1986, DATAMATION's "Behind the News" column earned a Neal Award for "Best Section or Column."

DATAMATION - The Leader in Information Technology Coverage. BRIEFS chart, programmable list entry, and re­ Expert Systems Network Software Associates Inc., La­ source histograms, which illustrate Information Builders debuts main­ guna Hills, Calif., has brought out Com­ schedule commitments. Also featured to frame version of development tool. pletesNA, a program for pc and PS/2 enhance support for local area networks communications applications. Priced at Information Builders Inc., which ac­ are full record and file locking for up to $1,495, it supports the following micro­ quired the Level5 expert systems devel­ 100 concurrent users, the ability to direct to-host protocols: 3270, 3770/R]E, opment tool last year, has brought out Lu6.2/ APPC, LUO, and SDLC. It is available new versions of the product that will run now. CIRCLE 265 on IBM mainframe and Apple Macintosh computers. The original product runs on On-Line Software, Fort Lee, N.J., has pcs and VAX/VMS. introduced Filesave/RCS, a iournal According to the vendor, the tool management and recovery package enables users to develop expert systems forthe CICS and batch program iournal applications that will run across all four environments. It's available for $12,500 hardware environments. Applications, per cpu. CIRCLE 266 such as portfolio analysis, software de­ bugging, materials selection, and inven­ Boole & Babbage, Sunnyvale, Calif., has tory control, can be developed with the brought out a performance manage­ system output to personal directories, package. Level5 also provides direct ac­ ment product for IBM's OB2. DB2 Man­ and improved printing management, cess to data stored in Focus, Information ager, scheduled to be available in the first POC-IT says. Builders' 4GL and DBMS package. quarter of 1989, will be priced between The package requires 512KB, a hard The production version of main­ $25,000 and $40,000. CIRCLE 267 disk, a monitor, and a printer. It runs on frame Level5 for VM/CMS is available the IBM PC and compatibles under PC/ now; VS/TSO release will ship in Novem­ MSA Advanced Manufacturing Inc., DOS, MS/DOS, or os/2. Versions for Unix ber 1988. A one-time license fee ranges Atlanta, has made its AMAPS/3000 manu­ and Xenix are planned for release short­ between $48,000 and $57,600; the Focus facturing system software available for ly. MicroMan II release 1.1 is available DB interface ranges between $6,500 and Hewlett-Packard's HP 3000 Series 900 now for $2,895, with volume discounts. $7,800. INFORMATION BUILDERS INC., minis. The materials management appli­ POC-IT MANAGEMENT SERVICES INC., Santa New York. CI RCLE 263 cation modules are priced between CIRCLE 268 Monica, Calif. CIRCLE 261 $8,000 and $12,000. Text Retrieval Computer Associates International Reference Software Verity introduces tool with expert Inc., Garden City, N.Y., has released CA­ Goal brings out mainframe-based searching capabilities. Optimizer / CMO (COBOL Migration Op­ reference software for business. Verity Inc. has announced Topic, a docu­ tion). It converts COBOL programs into ment retrieval system that enables users COBOL II. Priced between $20,000 and Addressing a new area of business, Goal $28,000, the product runs under MVS and Systems has introduced Preference, a to perform document searches with ac­ MVS/XA. It is available now. CIRCLE 269 tool for creating and accessing reference curacy and speed, according to the ven­ dor. With Topic, users can customize materials. Advanced Graphic Applications Inc., searches by ranking documents in order With Preference, users can create New York, has introduced AGAVIEW, an of importance, thereby accessing the manuals, training materials, new product image decompression package for most relevant information first. Outlines demonstration materials, and application OS/2. Priced at $500, it enables users si­ represent search requests so that users documentation. The vendor says the multaneously to retrieve, view, size, can see all of the search components and package offers accessible on-line scale, or expand any number of stored their relationships. documentation. bit-mapped images without using con­ Topic is designed for distributed The package includes a concur­ troller boards or high-resolution moni­ computing environments in which files rency feature that permits a user to move tors. CIRCLE 270 with a single keystroke from an on-line exist in multiple formats, so documents software application program to an on­ can be retrieved from pcs and worksta­ Globenet, Alexandria, Va., has made line reference source and back again. A tions, as well as from departmental com­ available a reduced-rate night service for context-sensitive help feature furnishes puters. With Topic, a library of topics can its u.S. public packet switched net­ reference material based on the context be created by an expert, enabling other work. Between 6 p.m. and 6 a.m., rates in which the help was requested. users to run queries simply by selecting a dip to $2.04 per hour and an average of 50 The tool includes Writer's Editor, topic by name. cents per kilo segment, a 32% drop from which provides word processing, win­ Two configurations of Topic are daytime rates. CIRCLE 271 dowing, and graphics capabilities. available now: a networked environment Preference is available now. A per­ version that consists of server software Gupta Technologies Inc., Menlo Park, manent license price is $70,000, which for $15,000, with software for each work­ Calif., has delivered a database applica­ includes maintenance for one year and station priced at $695 (MS/DOS) or $2,500 tions development system for the Mi~ four days of on-site training. Leasing op­ (Sun bit mapped); and a multiuser ver­ crosoft Windows environment. tions are also available. GOAL SYSTEMS sion available for a $39,500 license fee. SQLwindows, which is available now, is INC., Columbus, Ohio. CI RCLE 262 VERITY INC., Palo Alto. CIRCLE 264 priced at $1,295. CIRCLE 272

72 DATAMATION D AUGUST 15, 1988 Departments ADVERTISlt~G SALES OFFICES Publisher Room 1007 Taiwan Don Fagan San Francisco, CA 94104 Parson Lee Associate Publisher (415) 981-2594 Acteam International Marketing Corp. William Segallis Bob Hubbard 18818 Teller Avenue 6F, No. 43, Lane 13 Production Manager Kwang-Fu South Road CALENDAR Suite 170 Mailbox 18-91 Eric Jorgensen Irvine, CA 92715 Taipei, 10594, SEPTEMBER (714) 851-9422 EASTERN REGION Taiwan R.O.C. Sixth International Conference in Enter­ Texas Tel (02) 760-6209' prisewide Information Management. Eastern Regional Richard W. Sheehan Telex: 29809 ACTEAM 9330 LBJ Freeway Sales Manager Hong Kong Sept. 7-9, St. Louis. Contact Marilyn M. Suite 1060 Frances E. Bolger John Byrne & Associates Parker, Washington University, Campus Dallas, TX 75243 249 W. 17TH St. 1613 Hutchison House Box 1220,1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO (214) 644-3683 63130, (314) 889-6185. New York, NY 10011 10 Harcourt Road (212) 463-6552 Newline, Central, Hong Kong INTERNATIONAL Tel: 5-265474 Aerospace and Defense Computing '88 Tom Carey 487 Devon Park Dr. Telex: 61708 Conference and Exposition. Cahners Publishing Fax: 5-8106781 Sept. 20-22, Los Angeles. Contact Norm Suite 206 Company Wayne, PA 19087 Singapore De Nardi Enterprises, 289 S. San Anto­ 27 Paul Street (215) 293-1212 London, EC2A 4JU, England Peter Cheong nio Rd., #204, Los Altos, CA 94022, Asia Pacific Media House Northeast Tel: 44 1 628-7030 (415) 941-8440. Edward Rappaport Telex: 914911 TECPUB G P.lE. Ltd. 199 Wells Avenue Fax: 44 1 839-6626 Newline 100 Beach Road OOPSLA '88. Newton, MA 02159 # 24-03 Shaw Tower Managing Director-Europe Singapore 0718 Sept. 25-29, San Diego. Contact Barbara (617) 964-3730 Edward Reuteler Jr. Noparstak, Digitalk Inc., 9841 Airport Tel: 291-5354 Southeast U.K., Benelux Telex: RS50026 Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 92680, (714) 731- Larry Pullman Jan Dawson 9022. 6520 Powers Ferry Road Tracey Lehane Suite 395 DATAMATION Scandinavia CAREER Omni User Conference. Atlanta, GA 30339 Martin Sutcliffe (404) 955-6500 Sept. 26, Chicago. Contact the Omni France, Italy, Spain OPPORTUNITIES User, P.O. BoxA 3031, Chicago, IL Middle Atlantic Alasdair Melville Roberta Renard 60690. Kathleen A. Murray National Sales Manager 8 Stamford Forum W. Germany, Austria, Switzerland, (201) 228-8602 PO Box 10277 Janet O. Penn Stamford, CT 06904 E. Europe OCTOBER Uwe Kretzschmar Eastern Sales Manager (203) 328-2547 (201) 228-8610 TeleCon VIII (Teleconferencing Users Israel Maria Cubas Midwest Roseline Lewin-Wainberg Conference). John Steilwagen Production Assistant Cahners Publishing Oct. 10-11, Anaheim, Calif. Contact Ap­ 1350 E. Touhy Avenue (201) 228-8608 Company plied Business teleCommunications, Des Plaines, IL 60018 103 Eisenhower Parkway 68 Sokolov St. Box 1506, San Ramon, CA 94583, (415) (312) 390-2967 Roseland, NJ 07068 Ramat Hasharon 47 235 820-5563. Israel Mary Beth West WESTERN REGION Tel.: 03-49 1269 12233 W. Olympic Blvd., Info '88 (Information Management Ex­ Suite 236 Western Regional Japan Los Angeles, CA 90064 position and Conference). KaoruHara Sales Manager (213) 826-5818 Oct. 11-14, New York. Contact Info '88, Dynaco Int'I Inc. Kaye Sharbrough 999 Summer St., Stamford, CT 06905, Suite 1003, Sun-Palace 3031 Tisch Way INFORMATION (203) 964-0000. Suite 100 Shinjuku 8-12-1 Nishishinjuku, San Jose, CA 95128 CARD DECKS Shinjuku-ku Federal Computer Conference (FCC) and (408) 243-8838 Tokyo, 160, Japan Liz Mullen Defense and Government Computer West Department Supervisor Graphics Conference (DGC). Tel: (03) 366-8301 Janet Engelbrecht Telex: J2322609 1305 E. Touhy Ave. 582 Market St. Oct. 25-27, Washington, D.C. Contact Fax: 03-366-8302 Des Plaines, IL 60018 the National Council for Education on In­ (312) 390-2762 formation Strategies, 15200 Shady Grove Rd., #350, Rockville, MD 20850, CAHNERS MAGAZINE DIVISION (301) 670-2818. William M. Platt SYSTEC '88 (CAD/CAM/CIM Show). Chief Executive Officer Oct. 25-28, Munich, West Germany. Terrence M. McDermott Contact Gerald G. Kallman, Kallman As­ President sociates, 5 Maple Ct., Ridgewood, NJ Frank Sibley 07450-4431, (201) 652-3898. Group Vice President Cahners Publishing Company A Division of Reed Publishing USA Jerry D. Neth Unix Expo. Vice President Specialized Business Magazines for Building &Construction, Oct. 31-Nov. 2, New York. Contact Na­ Publishing Operations Manufacturing, Foodservice & Lodging, Electronics &Computers, tional Expositions Company Inc., 15 W. Interior Design, Printing, Publishing, Industrial Research & Tom Dellamaria 39th St., New York, NY 10018, (212) 391- Technology, Health Care, and Entertainment. Specialized VP /Production & Manufacturing Consumer Magazines: American Baby and Modern Bride, 9111.

DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15, 1988 73 Big MIPS, Little Plans

ployees, two thirds or more have their contingency and disaster planning BY NORMAN STATLAND separate data administration functions. activities are in the utilities and govern­ Over 60% of the members of the DATA­ Here, "yes" answers demonstrate for­ ment sectors. (The distribution of securi­ MATION/Price Waterhouse executive mal recognition of technology's impact ty efforts by size of company is shown in panel expect to increase the MIPS capaci­ on the corporate database. "Data Security Software Implementa­ ty of their shops within the next 12 Sixty-one percent of the respon­ tion Efforts"). For the relatively small months. A minority of IS shops now have dents expect the MIPS rates of their cpus sector of respondents-38%-who ex­ written systems development plans that to increase in the next 12 months; 37% pect to increase their efforts in imple­ are integrated with the corporate plan. anticipate a constant MIPS capacity. Only menting data security software, the These are among the chief findings of a 7% expect a decrease. Companies of majority says that when the importance DATAMATION/Price Waterhouse survey over 1,000 employees will increase their of data security is recognized, the activi­ focused on management issues such as MIPS rates most significantly. The largest ty level typically almost doubles. the administration of IS departments; the planned increases in these rates are re­ While a great deal of attention is be­ delivery of increased services-includ­ ported in the utilities and process manu- ing focused on the use of CASE tools for ing leading-edge technologies-to user analysis and design, only 39% of the re­ constituencies; and the attempt to hold spondents will increase their use of such close to current IS budget levels. tools to increase productivity within the Half the respondents say there is next 12 months. Organizations with over Planning o 5,000 employees are the trendsetters in Only 40% of respondents have a mutual agreement among depart­ the use of CASE tools. written overall plan for systems develop­ ment heads on development More positively, 52% of the organi­ ment that is integrated with the corpo­ priorities. zations expect to increase the use of rate plan. Computer services and finance code generator software and/ or fourth are the only sectors to report over 50% o Computer services and finance generation languages in the next 12 of organizations with such plans (see are the only sectors in which over months. This trend is consistent "Systems Development Planning Activi­ 50% of the organizations have in­ throughout all organizations of over 100 ties"). In contrast, less than 40% of the tegrated systems development employees (see "Code Generator and organizations in education/ research and plans into their written corporate 4GL Usage"). Similarly, while 43% of the retail! distribution have written, overall organizations report a planned increase systems development plans integrated plan. in the use of a software-based data dictio­ with the corporate plan. Big operations o Utilities and process manufactur­ nary tool, 55% indicate that the levels of are the best organized: in those with over ing industries will see the most data dictionary use would stay the same. 5,000 employees, 58% of respondents In our experience, data dictionary say their written overall plan is integrat­ MIPS growth in the next year. software is perhaps the most significant ed with the corporate plan. o Only 39% say they'll use auto­ tool in developing systems through pro­ In response to the question, "Is mated analysis and design totyping that could result in considerable there mutual agreement among depart­ integration between dp functions shared ment heads on development priorities?" tools-CASE-more extensively by various departments. 49% reply "yes," 50% reply "no." Per­ during the next 12 months. Perhaps the most disappointing haps more surprising is that only 30% of trend, in terms of increasing the level of the respondents say they have separate professional discipline within the infor­ development and maintenance budgets, facturing industries. The distribution of mation systems industry, is that only mostly from the government and com­ MIPS rate utilization by industry is shown 25% of the organizations intend to in­ puter services sectors, which tend to or­ in "Hardware Capacity Changes." crease the use of a professionally devel­ ganize along functional lines. Retail/ Over two thirds of respondents oped systems development methodolo­ distribution operations and utilities are from midsize and larger firms are using gy. It is difficult to see how the 72% that least likely to have separate develop­ increased MIPS to solve the problem of says it will "stay the same" can evaluate ment and maintenance budgets. developing integrated systems, i.e., sys­ the effectiveness of their systems devel­ Answers in the affirmative in the tems serving large numbers of end us­ opment activity. We have found it very areas above indicate that the IS depart­ ers, accessing common data. difficult for internal administration to ment plays an important role within the compare the effectiveness of systems organization structure, and that user de­ Software Issues development activities with the general partments have become experienced in An interesting trend emerges from level expected in the industry. Inciden­ dealing with development activities. answers to the question, "Do you expect tally, almost two of every three IBM main­ Almost 60% say their organization your efforts on hardware contingency frame installations report use of a has a separate data administration func­ and disaster planning to increase?" Only professional systems development tion/ group/person. Again, the size of 43% will increase, while 55% say they methodology. the company appears to be the key fac­ will stay the same. Those respondents Forty seven percent of respondents tor: in organizations of over 1,000 em- most conscious of their need to increase expect the degree of voice and data inte-

74 DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15,1988 agement practices has been present Systems Development Planning Activities since the beginning INDUSTRY of IS. DATAMATION/ Price Waterhouse con­ Computer Services I structed a matrix of Finance I ~ current and planned Government I "f use of various tech­ Other I ~ nologies (see "Cur­ o. rent and Planned Process Mfg. I ~ Usage"). Not unex- Other Mfg. I c pectedly, most orga- 1:: Utilities l ~ nizations indicate that Retail/ Distribution I ~ expert systems, voice Education I Research I ~ and data integration, Overall ~ use of code genera­ I tors, use of a standard I .~ o 20 40 60 80 100 systems methodolo­ o Percent with written plans o Percent without written plans gy, and management of telecommunica­ Hardware Capacity Changes (i.e., MIPS rate) Data Security Software Implementation Efforts tions receive the least INDUSTRY Percent COMPANY SIZE (EMPLOYEES) Percent amount of attention. Percent increasing staying about the same Percent increasing staying about the same This is yet more evi­ dence of a maturing 721 Utilities Under 50 set of IS management 711 Process Mfg. 41 50 to 99 practices. 651 Education /Research ~ The survey re­ 41 100 to 499 ~ -f veals that the two IS 641 Retail/Distribution "f ~ 40 500 to 999 ~ organization areas 601 Other Mfg. o. o. due to receive the .~ 1.000 to 4.999 591 Finance .t ~ largest amount of ~ c 5.000 to 9.999 ~ management atten­ 581 Government 1:: ~ tion in the next 12 551 Computer Services ~ 10.000 to 50.000 ~ ~ months are integra­ 531 Other ~ 50.000 and over ~ tion of IS develop­ 0; ~ ment plans with COf­ 611 Overall ~ Overall ::s ~ porate business de- I I I I ~ 80 60 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 80 60 40 20 0 020406080 velopment plans, and agreement Code Generator and 4Gl Usage Current and Planned (next 12 months) Usage among department INDUSTRY Percent TECHNOLOGY heads on IS develop­ Percent increasing staying about the same Percent currently using Percent planning to use ment priorities. 37 Systems devel. meth. 21 On the positive Government 42 35 Code generator sftwre. 29 side, 81% of respon­ Retail/Distributian 43 55 L--_---j Project mgmt. sftwre. dents say that data­ 81~ ______-I Process Mfg. 44 ~ DBMS sftwre. ~ base software is used 0 52 ~ __--I RelationalDBMSsftwre. -f as a technical tool and Other 43 i: 55 '---_--I Pgm.lib. mgmt. sftwre. ~ 52% say they use re­ Computer Services 46 ~ .~ 64 Data security sftwre • .~ lational databases in Other Mfg. .t 62 Perf. monitor sftwre. ~ their organizations. ~c 50 Job scheduling sftwre. ~ Over 50% report do- Utilities 1:: 1:: Expert system sftwre. 32 ~ ing some form of Finance ~ Telecom. monitorsftwre. ~ ~ automated job sched­ Education / Research ~ ,...------j Comm. controllersftwre. ~ uling. 0; Voice/ data intgrtn. 33 ~ Surprisingly, the Overall ::s~ ~ LAN ~ leading technology- 80 60 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 80 60 40 20 0 o 20 40 60 80 based activities that are planned are the in­ gration among their communications dp center in the form of distributed pro­ creased use of local area networks, voice networks to increase over the next 12 cessing. The dividing line seems to be and data integration, expert systems, months. The significant increase is with- 5,000 employees: 57% of companies be­ code generators, and the increased use in companies of over 5,000 employees. low that level say their distributed pro­ of relational database technology. All Approximately one in every four installa- cessing will stay the same, while 5% other areas lag significantly behind. • tions is a user of integrated voice and intend to decrease the amount of distrib­ data facilities; by 1990 the number may uted processing. The latter is evidence Norman Statland is the national director increase to four out of 10 installations. of the backlash caused by difficulties olin/ormation resource management . It is significant that only 37% of the in implementing distributed processing services at Price Waterhouse. He is the respondents expect an increase in the activities. authoro/Controlling Software Develop- number of applications that have parts of The problem of integrating ad- ment (john Wiley & Sons, New York,

~their ______processing done at more than one vances in technology into current IS man- 1986). ~6 0

DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15, 1988 7S ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK The /\sian Deve!opment Bank, a multilateral finance institution, vvith Headquarters in Manila, Philippines, invites applications for the following position: COMPUTER SYSTEMS SPECIALIST Qual ifications - Bachelor's Degree in Computer Science Engineering or Mathematics. - Minimum 'of six years professional experience in data pro­ cessing of which at least three should be in ADABAS data base applications/administration. - Extensive knowledge of ADABAS and NATURAL internals with programming experience in Assembler. - Technical experience in MVS/ClCSfTSo. - Technical Support experience in problem determination and debugging in any large mainframe IBM environment. - Knowledge of data administration, system development 1988 Editorial Calendar methodology, electronic mail system, and text retrieval system preferable. and Planning Guide Remuneration Issue Recruitment A competitive salary paid in U.s. Dollars, normally free of tax, Date Deadline Editorial Emphasis and an excellent benefits package. Interested persons may send their curriculum vitae in English to Sept. 15 Aug. 24 Best Computer Science the following: Universities REF. No. 8809-E HUMAN RESOURCES DIVISION Oct. 1 Sept. 14 Salaries ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK Oct. 15 Sept. 26 Changing Roles of MIS P.O. BOX 789, MANILA PHILIPPINES Nov. 1 Oct. 12 Productivity Enquiries may be sent by telex (Numbers 63587 ADB PN; 40571 ADB PM; Nov. 15 Oct. 26 Mini-Micro Spending 23103 ADB PH) or Facisimile Number (632) 741-7961 or by phoning Inter­ national Tel. Number (632) 711-3851. Dec. 1 Nov. 10 Applications Software Spending Dec. 15 Nov. 28 Information Assets Auto-Cad Designer / Draftsperson

Pilot Woodworl~ing, a dynamic, growing entrepreneurial contract furniture manufacturer Call today for information: located in Carlstadt. New Jersey. and a subsidiary of Chartwell Group Ltd., is seel<;ing several sl<;illed Auto-Cad Designers. Successful candidates should have one to five National years I<;nowledge / experience with Auto-Cad, Sun [1o~crOa [1c~cru Microsystems-based system would be a plus, as (20U) 220·0G02 would I<;nowledge of architectural woodworl~ing or custom furniture design. We offer an attractive starting salary and an excel­ East Coast lent benefits pacl<;age including profit sharing and employee stocl<; purchase plan along with an ~aGCn 8. [?C~~ environment that will foster your personal and (20U) 220·0GUO professional growth. Please forward resume with salary history / require­ ment to: Mr. Geoffrey A. Nelson, Director of Human I"\esources, Pilot Woodworl<;ing Inc., a West Coast Chartwell Group Company. 105 Amor Avenue, Mary De~h VJes~ Carlstadt, NJ 07072. An equal opportunity employer. ('71LJ) OSl·9LJ22

Chartwell Group Ltd.

76 DATAMATION D AUGUST 15,1988 to meet the future needs of an ever-changing market­ place. If you have the skills and initiative to fortify our leadership position, advance your career in one of the following positions:

SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERS • OS with kernel level knowledge • File systems, commands, compilers, and standard libraries • 1/0 subsystem • User interfacelusability • Trusted systems/compu­ ter security • Systems administration • DARPA. OS!, and/or SNA protocols • Networking architecture, protocol design perfor­ mance analysis • High availability DATABASE SYSTEMS SIW DEVELOPMENT After proving radio waves could travel • SOL • Online transaction short distances, Marconi wondered, processing "What if..... • High availability • Extensions for CADI At Hewlett-Packard, we never stop CAM and office asking, "What if... " database SOFTWARE TESTING In 1894, 20-year-old • Test strategies, plans and Guglielmo Marconi trans­ suites mitted a Morse-coded • S/W quality assurance message a distance of two • System level SIS testing kilometers via wireless and integration telegraph. Five years later, • OSI, MAP ITOP, and he tried using tall shoreline MHS masts to send a wireless signal across the English MARKETING Channel. And succeeded. • Customer requirements Marconi's enterprising analysis ventures nearly a century • Competitive analysis ago opened a new door to • Technical knowledge of the possibilities of global OS andlor datacomm mass communication. This Join us as we trans­ kind of visionary curios­ form possibilities into new ity-the ability to look far realities. To learn more, beyond what is toward send your resume to: what could be-is a driv­ Professional Staffing, ing force at Hewlett­ Hewlett-Packard Packard today. Company, 19447 Prune­ At our Cupertino site, ridge Avenue, MS: 42U4, we're futher developing Dept SR-23, Cupertino, CA HP's revolutionary RISC 95014. Hewlett-Packard is architecture, UNIX* -based an Equal Opportunity systems and networking Employerl Affirmative product lines. And we're Action Employer. rrliii;'l HEWLETT innovating new solutions ·UNIX is a trademark of AT&T. ~W PACKARD DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15, 1988 77 ~~YOU SYSTEM SOFTWARE OIVISION __ In 1986 Amdahl introduced UTS*, the only native **UNIX® operating sys­ tem running on 370 architecture, which we developed using AT&T System V. Now we have multiple software products under development which run on 370 architecture, and we have plans for many more, including advance CAN'T data communications products, commercial On-Line Transaction Processing (OLTP), Network Management, and Trusted Systems. These efforts repre­ sent new market opportunities for Amdahl, and new career opportunities for software product management professionals. DO Product Management-Communications I UNIX OS YOU CAN take P&L responsibility for new software products. From de­ veloping the product requirements and the product statement to impacting the marketing plans and the sales strategy, you will drive your products to completion by leading all corporate organizations in product development. For one position you must have a strong technical orientation in large net­ " works (over 500 terminals) including VTAM, SNA or X.25, TCPIIP; for the other position your technical background must emphasize UNIX operating system planning. For either position you must have a proven track record Build a large scale mainframe computer in completing projects. Any 370 experience is a plus. Bachelors degree that will outperform the competition's (or equivalent) required, MBA preferred. leading model? Strategic Alliances - Third Party Software they said. YOU CAN take responsibility for Amdahl's relationship with Third Party "IMPOSSIBLEI" software vendors. You will define our need, survey available technology, But Amdahl did it back in the early negotiate contracts and take ownership of relations with our strategic allies. Your background must show a solid track record in Third Party software, 1970s. And today we are a leader contract negotiation, UNIX and/or 370 architecture, and the ability to make in the development, manufacturing, executive-level presentations. marketing and support of general pur­ pose and scientific computer systems, Product Manager- Trusted Systems storage products, communications YOU CAN direct Amdahl's entrance into the Trusted Information Systems systems and software. arena. You will represent Amdahl to the National Computer Security Cen­ ter and negotiate Amdahl's UTS Operating System products through the In less than two decades we have NCSC certification process. In addition, you will organize Amdahl's internal grown from 5 to more than 8,000 resources to support the NCSC processes. You must have at least 5 years "can do" employees around the of management experience, a conceptual understanding of the Orange Book, a track record working with Government agencies, and knowledge globe. Our success is a result of of computer system hardware architecture for this highly visible position. teamwork, innovation and commit­ A Bachelors degree (or equivalent) is required, an MSCS is preferred. ment to achieve the impossible. If you are ready for challenge, creativity Product Marketing - OLTP and growth, explore your opportuni­ YOU CAN define marketplaces for Amdahl's software technology. You will ties with Amdahl in one of the follow­ interact with customers to define requirements for our software and hard­ ing areas: ware products, then based on those customer requirements, you will define the overall business opportunities for Amdahl's present and future software products. You must have experience in commercial On-Line Transaction Processing (OLTP), UNIX and/or Tandem, VAXIVMS, 370 architectures, and in developing customer requirements and business opportunities. YOU CAN join in the excitement of creating the computer systems of the future, while enjoying the benefits and competitive salary you would expect from an industry leader. YOU CAN contact Doug Jones at (800) 538-8460, extension 6906, or send your resume to him at Amdahl Corporation, Employment Department 8-3, P.O. Box 3470, M/S 300, Sunnyvale, California 94088-3470. Principals only, please. Amdahl Corporation is proud to be an equal opportunity employer through affirmative action. *UTS is a registered trademark of Amdahl Corporation. **UNIX@ is a registered trademark of AT&T Bell Labs. YOU CAN AT ~~~~~~_a~dahl

78 DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15. 1988 CENTRAL NEW JERSEY AND CINCINNATI, OHIO OPPORTUNITIES csc: the human with

mind in the, concert SCIences

Computer Professionals The tools of the Human Mind are fuel for the Information Age. Nowhere will you find the combined resource that is created when human imagination and technology are balanced and utilized, than at Computer Sciences Corporation. For over a quarter of a century, with over 18,000 employees in more than 300 locations worldwide, we have put the advancements of people, computers and communications to work providing information systems services to business, government, and industry. CSC's Communications Industry Services Division designs, implements and manages computer-based systems on a project basis. To meet the challenges that lie ahead, we use our collective capabilities to provide a variety of contract services for our clients in the areas of software applications development, office automation, network provisioning and billing. Excellent opportunities exist for qualified professionals to join us at our New Jersey and Ohio facilities. COBOL/IMS PROGRAMMER ANALYSTS Successful candidates will possess up to three years of COBOL programming experience with proficiency in IMS (DB or DC) in an IBM environment. Responsibilities will include design, development, testing, and programming. Previous experience with customer service/billing applications, collection cash process, system specification writing and functional/integration testing are pluses. Good interpersonal skills as well as the ability to work effec­ tively and efficiently in a group setting are necessary. COBOL/IMS OR DB2 PROGRAMMER ANALYSTS We have recently been awarded a major contract in the Cincinnati area. As a result, we're seeking the following professionals to maintain the higest standard of technical excellence. Programmer/Analysts with three to six years experience comprised of applications development, new system design, and programming in a COBOUIMS or DB2 environment. Preferred candidates will be proficient in COBOL, IMS, DB2, CICS (command), TSO or ROSCOE, OS/MVS, JCL (and utilities), and LIBRARIAN or PANVALET. Previous experience with formal systems development methodology, structured analysis and design, design and code walkthroughs, PCs and CASE tools would be beneficial. Good oral and written communication skills are necessary. CSC offers the salaries, the benefits (including a 401 (k) plan), and the career paths to match your skills, your talents, and your goals. If you're an over achiever intent on reaching your fullest potential in a challenging and supportive environment, CSC is the place for you. Interested and qualified candidates please call D.M. Burdick toll free at 1-800-345-9419. Or in New Jersey call (201) 981-9119. Or send your resume along with salary history in confidence to: D.M. Burdick, Computer Sciences Corporation, Communications Industry Services, 371 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854. Equal Opportunity Employer. Use your Personal Computer to reach us anytime day or night on our OPPORTUNITY NETWORK. Dial (201) 981-9325 and log in as "guest". ,.,.,. Computer Sciences Corporation .. .., ..

DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15.1988 79 CP&L: Where The Right Environments Come Together

CML Carolina Power & Light Company Energy In Operation

80 DATAMATION D AUGUST 15, 1988 Set your s!ghts on new horIzons. Unsurpassed technological challenges and career growth opportunities are in sight with General Dynamics Data Systems Division. We develop highly innovative software to - -- meet the technical and data processing require­ ments of General Dynamics Corporation. Our professionals enjoy the challenges of achieving their fullest professional potential while applying their talents toward career . _ advancement. Our Western Center is located in San Diego} which is as well-known for its many popular cultural and entertainment centers as it is for its beautiful bays and beaches. All prOVide enjoyment for the entire family year­ round. The diverse communities which surround downtown are easily accessible due to a well­ planned freeway system} and allow a choice of affordable lifestyles in different settings. If you}re interested in all we have to offet; set your Sights on one of the follOWing positions.

Avionics Systems Software Software Test Engineers • GuidanceJ Navigation & Control • DesignJ developJ integrate and document test • Advanced Sensors & Image Processing systems for hardware/software systems • Real-timeJ Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation • Verify conformance to design reqUirements • Software DevelopmentJ Tools & Environments • Develop test proceduresJ conduct test activitiesJ analyze test data and prepare test reports. Digital Ima~ery Exploitation Systems Software Command & Control Systems • Microprocessor distributed system development Software 3 • Large-scale Data Bases • Battle Management/C I • Photogrammetric and geopositioning technologies • Mission Planning/Automated Routing • Interactive real-time graphicS • Strike Planning • Neural Networks

Each position requires experience in embedded software, Ada, FORTRAN and C in a VMSNAX environment. Only candidates who meet the minimum requirements are urged to apply. Please send your resume to: General Dynamics Data Systems Division} Western Centet; Drawer 185} do MDK Confidential Reply Services} 401 West {W} Street} Suite l150} San Diego} CA 92101. And expand your world again.

GENERAL DYNAMIC:S Data Systems Division Equal Opportunity Employer DATAMATION D AUGUST 15.1988 81 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 INFORMATION SYSTEMS OPPOII I UNITIES The Avondale Division of Hewlett-Packard has Information Systems openings for programmer/analysts and manufacturing systems administrators. You would be responsible for the implementation and support of complex information systems in a manufacturing/marketing organization. Program­ mer/analysis focus on software design, installation, and COBOL and/or 4GL programming in an HP3000 environment. Systems administrators emphasize the user interface to manufacturing information systems which includes training, reporting and process documentation, The successful candidates must have a BS in a technical field which includes systems education and/or related manufacturing experience, possibly with personal computer applications. An advanced degree in MIS, CS, or MBA is preferred. These positions offer attractive salaries commensurate with your experience and comprehensive benefits, including profit sharing and flexible work hours. Avondale is located 30 miles southwest of Philadelphia. Please indicate which position you are applying for and send your resume to S. Allen, HEWLETT­ PACKARD CO. Box 900, Avondale, Pa. 19311. An Equal Opportunity Employer dedicated to Affirmative Action.

rh~ HEWLETT ~~ PACKARD

II1II11111111111111111111111 I I I 11111 II I II I 1111111111111111111111111111111

82 DATAMATION D AUGUST 15,1988 Data Processing Consulting PROJECT-ORIENTED CONSULTING! WHAT IS IT? It's NOT Contract Programming! A Contract Programming Shop is basically a temporary help service, supplying programmers to fill short term labor needs. Contract programmers generally get involved only in the late stages of system development, doing what they already know, over and over. And unfortunately, many contract programmers are effectively out of work between assignments. Contract programming is honest work, but it's NOT SEI's work. It's NOT Just Management Consulting! Management Consultants, on the other hand, often get involved only in the earliest stages of system planning and rarely take a direct hand in bUilding the systems that they plan. Our opinion is that this has an unfortunate tendency toward Blue Sky. And, of course, managment consultants often miss out on the fun of seeing the systems they plan come to life. Management consulting is a respectable profession, but it's NOT SEI's profession. So, What IS Project-Oriented Consulting? Project·Oriented Consulting stands squarely between the extremes represented by Contract Programming and Management Consulting, combining the best features of both worlds. At SEl, our clients look to us for RESULTS - not just plans or code. Yes, we do planning, and our business sense is second to none. Yes, we we do implementation, and our technical credentials are nationally recognized. But more important, we do ALL of those things, and all the steps between. We use technology to solve business problems. We use our business experience to solve them effectively and sensibly. ,..t!> Interested? \~ oJ ~ If this sounds like the kind of work YOU should be doing, send a resume and salary history to: , 1 SEI Information Technology Q Attn: David Monroe, Recruiting Coordinator ( 450 East Ohio Street Chicago, Illinois 60611 information SE I technology THE BUSINESS OF TECHNOLOGY

- An Equal Opportunity Employer M/F - (Continued on Next Page)

DATAMATION D AUGUST 15. 1988 83 s o F T W A R E s p E C I A L I S T s Now is the time Challenging opportunities a system manager or from a exist for experienced Techni­ strong user level support role. cal Professionals in our Cus­ tomer Support Center in Network Support Colorado Springs. You must have 2 or more We are looking for professionals years experience with one of who have superb communica­ the following Digital Networks tion skills-who thrive in a and Communications products: customer support setting-to consult with our customers on • DECnet,· VAX· and/or a one-to-one basis. You should DECnet RSX· be able to work as an active • Ethernet Technology team member while researching • Ethernet Terminal Servers and structuring innovative so­ • DECserver 100/200· lutions to complex software For immediate consideration, problems. please send your resume to: We are looking for qualified Ms. Barbara Cusack, Dept. applicants with a degree in 0815 8807, Digital Equipment Computer Science and/or the Corporation, 305 Rockrimmon equivalent experience specific Blvd. South, Colorado Springs, to the following disciplines: CO 80919. We are an affirmative action VAX/VMS* employer.

Support • Trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation You must have 2 or more years experience with VMS as Be part of the story ... now.

84 DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15,1988 Data Processing Consulting GREAT CONSULTANTS ARE MADE NOT BORN! HERE'S HOW WE DO IT! SEI builds experts. We build them by: • Having them work alongsidesenior SEI consultants, nationally recognized authorities in such areas as Data Base Management, Distributed Processing, Industrial Automation and Robotics, Networking, Communications, and Hardware and System Software Development. • Assigning them to demanding, challenging projects that cover the range of planning and development activities for system and application software on mainframes, minis, and micros. SEI builds the basic product delivery systems through which our clients conduct their businesses. • Providing opportunities to represent SEI on technical and standards committees that set directions for. the industry. Talent is Required, Of Course! There are some important abilities you need to start with. SEI's consultants are charac­ terized by general good sense, good technical backgrounds, and an attitude that the next challenge could be even better than the current one. We look for people who work hard, are eager to learn, are serious about their careers, and who enjoy the variety and challenge of Project-Oriented Consulting. (For more about Project-Oriented Consulting, see our message on the previous page.) Interested? If YOU'VE got what it takes to become a STAR, send a resume and salary history to: SEI Information Technology Attn: David Monroe, Recruiting Coordinator 450 East Ohio Street Chicago, Illinois 60611 information SEI technology THE BUSINESS OF TECHNOLOGY' -An Equal Opportunity Employer M/F- (Continued on Next Page)

DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15,1988 85 o o o Datamation Databank o Professional Profile o Announcing a new placement service for data processing professionalsl o Datamation feels an obligation to help its fees or obligations to you as a Datamation PSL professional placement person to ensure readers advance their careers. So, reader. current information. Datamation has affiliated itself with Placement • Service is nationwide. You'll be Services, ltd. to form the Datamation We hope you're happy in your current o considered for openings across the U.S. by position. At the same time, chances are there Databank. What are the advantages of PSL and their affiliated offices. a this new service? is an ideal job you'd prefer if you knew about • Your identity is protected. Your resume is it. • Your qualifications and career goals are carefully screened to be sure it will not be That's why it makes sense for you to register o entered into PSL's computer system. And the sent to your company or parent organization. o computer never forgets. When your type of with the Datamation Databank. To job comes up, it remembers you're qualified. • Your background and career objectives do so, just mail the completed form below will periodically be reviewed with you by a (with a copy of your resume) to o • It's absolutely free. There are no charges, Placement Services, Ltd., Inc. o o !IDENTITY I \PRESENT OR MOST RECENT EMPLOYERI o Name ______Parent Company ______. ______

Home Address: ______Your division or subsidiary: ______o City ______State: ____ Zip: ___ Location (City, State) ______o Home Phone (include area code): ______Business Phone if O.K. to use: ______

o Major Field GPA Year Degree College or University o IEDUCATION I Earned Degrees (List) o o

o IpOSITION DESIREDI o

~~======Present or M'Jst o IEXPERIENCE~ ______~ I _R_e_c_en_t_Po_s_ltl_on______F_ro_m_: _____w_: ______Ti_ltle_: ______o Duties and Accomplishments: Industry of Current Employer: o o o Reason for Change: o o IPREVIOUS POSITION: o Job Title: ______Employer: ______From: ___ To: ___ City: ______State: ______o Division: ______Type of Industry: ______Salary: ______o Duties and Accomplishments: ______o ICOMPENSATION/PERSONAL INFORMATION o o Years Experience Total Compensation Asking Compensation Min. Compensation o Date Available o I own my home. How long? _____ I rent my home/apt. 0

o o Employed o Single Heigh~Weigh~ o My identity may be released to: 0 Any employer Level of Security Clearance o All but present employer o o WILL RELOCATE o WILL NOT RELOCATE o OTHER o o Datamation Databank o o A DIVISION OF PLACEMENT SERVICES LTD., INC. o 265 S. Main Street, Akron, OH 44308 216/762-0279

86 DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15,1988 Data Processing Consulting LET'S TALK BUSINESS! $33,000 -$65,000 to Start!

If our message on the last two pages has intrigued you, you may be a person we need, at one of our offices across the country. Here's what we're currently looking for: SEllChicago is seeking system software and application programmers, with 2-6 years experience in: • Unix and C applications and internals • IBM mainframe COBOL (CICS or IMS a plus) SEI/Los Angeles is seeking programmer/analysts, with 2-6 years of experience in any of: • IBM mainframe Cobol (CICS or IMS a plus) • Networking: Ethernet, GM MAP, X.25 • Unix and C ppplications SEI/Phoenix is seeking applications and system software programmers, with 2-6 years of experience in: • Networking: Ethernet, GM MAP, X.25 SEI/New York is seeking application designers and programmers, with 2-4 years of experience in: • Mainframe systems and applications, especially information delivery systems • Publishing/fulfillment experience of particular value "- ~ , Interested? ~~. SEI offers permanent positions, top salaries, excellent benefits, and unlimited opportunity for ( growth and development. Send a resume and salary history to: \ SEI Infonnation Technology Attn: David Monroe, Recruiting Coordinator 450 East Ohio Street Chicago, Illinois 60611 information SE I technology THE BUSINESS OF TECHNOLOGY

-An Equal Opportunity Empl~er M/F­ Unix is a trademark of AT&T Bell Laboratories

DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15,1988 87 ARABIAN AMERICAN OIL COMPANY

The Arabian American Oil Company continues the high standards of an industry leader. We are seeking highly qualified professionals to join us in Saudi Arabia. COMPUTER SERVICES If you're an upstream computer analyst in any of the following areas, and possess a related BS degree along MANAGER with 5 years' experience, you should consider us. Milwaukee Library System. Requires: exper. with + Concurrent Computer or Perkin-Elmer mini­ computer technology, real time transaction pro­ COMPUTER PROGRAMMING cessing, and very large database mgt.; 4 yrs, C, COBOL and Asembler programming; BS In com­ COMPUTER TRAINING puter science or related; 4 yrs. EDP exper. in­ cluding 2 yrs. of systems analysis; 2 yrs. of COMPUTER HARDWARE supervisory experience; and residency in City PETROLEUM ENGINEERING SYSTEMS within 6 mos. Familiarity with Reliance operating systs. desirable. Salary range: $35K to 50s. EXPLORATION APPLICATION SYSTEMS SEND RESUME or contact for more info: Sharon Rogers, (414) 278-2029, City of Milwaukee, Per­ COMPUTER END USER sonnel Box CSM, Room 706, City Hall, 200 E. Wells St., Milwaukee, WI 53202-3554. An Affir­ COMPUTER OPERATIONS mative Action Employer. With the Arabian American Oil Company, you will discover large-scale technology that will challenge you professionally. For confidential consideration, please send your resume to: ASC, Employment, Dept. 06E-019-8, P.O. Box 4530, Honston, Texas 77210-4530.

Advertisers'Index

Circle Page Circle Page Circle Page 21 •..•.• Alcatel Business Systems ...... •.•.•. 42-43 19 ...... HewleH-Packard ...... 36-37 9 ...... Topaz, Inc ...... 13 22 ...••• Amdahl Corp ...... 44 23 ...... Trax Software, Inc ...... 49 30 ...••• Ameritech*** ...... 62 AT&T Technologies ...... 25 IBM Corp./Relational Data Base ...... 8-9 IBM Corp./RT-PC ...... 60-61 29 ...... Unisys Corp ...... 66-67 11 ...... Informix Software, Inc ...... 16-17 2 ...... Boole & Babbage ...... C3

3 ...... Wyse Technology ...... C4 79 ...... Manchester Equipment Co., Inc. *** ... .48a 6 ...... Metaphor Computer Systems ...... 6-7 12 ...... Candle Corp...... 18 28 ...... Catalyst ...... 56 4 ...... Cincom Systems, Inc...... 1 RECRUITMENT ADVERTISING ...... 76-88 Amdahl 5 ...... Cog nos, Inc...... 5 8 ...... NBS Southern ...... 10 26 ...... Comdisco, Inc...... 59 Aramco Compaq Computer Corp...... 54-55 Asian Development Bank 13 ...... Computer Security Institute ...... 28-29 Carolina Power & Light Co. Oracle Corp ...... 15 Chartwell Group City of Milwaukee Computer Sciences Corp. Digital Equipment Corp. 17 ...... Data General Corp...... 31 General Dynamics Data Systems Digital Equipment Corp...... 22-23 18 ...... Relational Technology ...... 35 Glaxo, Inc. HewleH-Packard, Information Technology Division SAS Institute, Inc ...... C2 HewleH-Packard, Avondale Division 31 ...... GTE North*** ...... 71 24 ...... Software Link ...... 50 SEllnformation Technology

20 ...... HallMark/Workstations ...... 38 15 ...... Telematics ...... 27 ***Regional Advertiser

88 DATAMATION 0 AUGUST 15, 1988 THERE IS A BETTER WAY TO MANAGE CICS: CICS MANAGER.

eIes MANAGER Version 2 is the better You can tune multiple, even remote, eIeS way, the new approach to eIeS management. regions from a single terminal. Switching across An approach that helps you avoid eIeS crises regions, machines and data centers is as simple and meet growing service level demands as changing the name of the eIeS region on 24-hours a day, 7-days a week. your screen. Even novice users can identify and The push to 100% availability. solve problems within a single session. eIeS MANAGER gives you the tools you need CICS MANAGER puts you in control. to achieve optimum availability and response With detailed on-line monitoring. Instant replay time. Users have found that eIeS MANAGER of recent data for system tuning. A unique lets them maximize eIeS performance, Performance Reporting Language that lets you achieving greater than 99% availability with design historical reports for efficient planning. sub-second response time. eIeS MANAGER And eIeS MANAGER works in concert with operates outside of eIeS, so it is not affected other Boole & Babbage performance tools, so by eI es performance problems. And your time you can get the most from your entire system. is spent managing eIeS - rather than reacting See how it can work for you. to crises. For a free demonstration of eIes MANAGER, More than a monitor. It's a manager. call Don Mitchell today. In California: 800- eIeS MANAGER lets you actively manage 624-5566. Outside California: 800-822-6653. eIes performance: • Warning screens alert you to impending problems. Boole~ ~ • Informational data helps you find the cause. Babbage~ • Extensive Action services let you execute International sales and support provided through The European effective solutions. Software Company and a worldwide distribution network.

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$ ",h, , ',: " ' Trade"hlarks/Owners: Wyse, WY·85, WY-99GT/Wyse Technology; DEC:VT.220/bigitar Equipment Corporation; Tektronix, 4010,4014/Tektronix. Screen image on WY·9UGT neall'

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,·And·there's a happy ending.1'h~'wY~·~5. ' ,.'~;*x:smof~c0ij1patiblew1thtl1e;pe9.l?lewho u~e it' is just ;$49~, theWY~99GT:~~94;9,~';::~Qtltare . ;,"'(:,:,,';;L\ke 'a larg~r 14',' scre,en. TIlt~and sWIvel 'made, servIced, and suppor1:~d:by,tpe~,world'~ rt~\base~An' easier set-up mode. ' .. . . leading independent terminalmanUfuCttirer.* ~~~':e\,' 'And.'whil~ol1f keyboard is 'identical to, ." ~Wyse.When it comes to quality arid value',' ~,;~. ~\{DJ~C'~jn layol1t;they, can't touch our touch:', in, terminals, we wrote the book. For more ,>~~;,~ "Ouri).ew:WY~99GTatright~urther illus- , information, call1-800~GEf.WYSE. , '~ticites,Wyse'scontinuingdrive to improve . on'a':standard.ltfeatures the,sanie advan~ . S' "" mg~s:~.thewYc85.PlusgraphiCs;withft11r WY E' .J'ektr0nix~4010/4Q14, compatibilitYi ~lljd •... ,.;"" 8·.

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