Underemployment and What to Do About It? CONTENTS

Home , Jennifer Richeson

"You See Race, But Do You Why You Should Care About Science at the Lincoln Park Zoo Want to Talk About It?" the History of Psychology

spring 2019 | vol 23 | no 3

WWW.PSICHI.ORG SPRING 2019 | VOLUME 23 | NUMBER 3 EDITOR Susan Iles 39 [email protected] EDITORIAL ASSISTANT Bradley Cannon [email protected] DESIGNER Lauren Surmann [email protected] Published by Psi Chi, the International Honor Society in Psychology. Founded September 4, 1929, at the Ninth International Congress of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. Member of the Association of College Honor Societies. Eye on Psi Chi, ISSN 1092-0803 (print) and ISSN 2164-9812 (online), is published quarterly by Psi Chi, the International Honor Society in Psychology. All contents ©2019 by Psi Chi. The publication schedule follows the academic year: fall, winter, spring, and summer. All opinions expressed in signed articles are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reﬂect those of the editors and/or Psi Chi.

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SOCIETY PRESIDENT 42 Melanie M. Domenech Rodríguez , PhD [email protected] PAST-PRESIDENT R. Eric Landrum, PhD [email protected] PRESIDENT-ELECT Regan A. R. Gurung , PhD [email protected] EASTERN REGIONAL VICE-PRESIDENT Marianne Fallon, PhD [email protected] MIDWESTERN REGIONAL VICE-PRESIDENT Lindsey Root Luna, PhD [email protected] ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGIONAL VICE-PRESIDENT Leslie D. Cramblet Alvarez, PhD [email protected] 10 SOUTHEASTERN REGIONAL VICE-PRESIDENT Darren Bernal, PhD [email protected] SOUTHWESTERN REGIONAL VICE-PRESIDENT Shawn R. Charlton, PhD [email protected] WESTERN REGIONAL VICE-PRESIDENT Elizabeth Campbell, PhD [email protected] EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 28 Martha S. Zlokovich, PhD [email protected]

ABBREVIATIONS APA American Psychological Association APS Association for Psychological Science EPA Eastern Psychological Association MPA Midwestern Psychological Association NEPA New England Psychological Association RMPA Rocky Mountain Psychological Association SEPA Southeastern Psychological Association 18 SWPA Southwestern Psychological Association WPA Western Psychological Association

COLUMNS FEATURES 08 Contemporary Psychology: 32 Can Psychology Majors Introducing Forensic Psychology . . . FYI, It’s Not All Criminal Minds Prepare for a Career in and CSI Ethan A. McMahan, PhD Business? Part II: Actual, 10 Wisdom From the Workplace: Specific, and Potential Planning Your First Postcollege Job: Employability Underemployment and What to Do Drew C. Appleby, PhD About It Paul Hettich, PhD 37 You Don’t Act Asian: 46 Chapter Growth: How to Effectively Run Discussing the Impact of an Honor Society Chapter and Adequate Responses Courtney Taylor to Microaggressions 48 Diversity: Inspiring the Next George Bate Generation of Psychologists: I am Psyched! as a Catalyst for Research and Professional Growth 39 Bhutanese Refugees Leslie D. Cramblet Alvarez, PhD, and Coping With Acculturation K. Nicole Jones Challenges INTERVIEWS Gabriela Heermans

18 Why You Should Care About the 42 Science at the Zoo History of Psychology, DePaul Psi Chi Team With Cathy Faye, PhD Cathy Faye, PhD, and Joseph Dycus Shadows Lincoln Park 22 Practicing Quantitative Psychology Zoo Scientist (From an Aerial Circus Trapeze!?) Jake Broschart, Kirsti Zimmerman, With Amanda Montoya, PhD and Theresa Luhrs, PhD Amanda Montoya, PhD, and Bradley Cannon 26 "You See Race, But Do You Want DEPARTMENTS to Talk About It?" With Jennifer Richeson, PhD 04 President's Message Jennifer Richeson, PhD, and Joseph Dycus 14 Fourth Annual Scholarship Recipients 28 Why You Buy, With Paco Underhill 51 PSI CHI Central Office Joseph Dycus 52 Past-President's Message 54 Chapter Activities ADVERTISEMENTS 60 Merchandise

07 An Eye on Graduate School 21 Career Center 31 Alliant International University 31 Psi Chi Journal

Proactive Learning for Cultural Competence Melanie M. Domenech Rodríguez, PhD Psi Chi President

each Me!” Presumably these are words that every contact alone had positive outcomes. Interestingly, more recent educator would want to hear. Yet I heard them in the meta-analytic findings present evidence for the Extended Contact “ context of one of my diversity courses, and delivered Hypothesis, which posits that prejudice is reduced by the mere as a desperate plea for aid from a very frustrated knowledge of ingroup friends having friendships with out-group student. My heart broke for the White student who members (Zhou, Page-Gould, Aron, Moyer, & Hewstone, 2018). wanted to learn about effective multicultural exchanges and was The good news about greater contact with people across Tmissing the mark. My heart broke for the students of color who diverse groups is that there is much more opportunity for gain. were exhausted from explaining their perspective and realizing The bad news is that there is much more opportunity for loss. time and time again that their experiences with prejudice and How can we possibly know how to respond in all novel situa- racism were out of reach to colleagues who had not experienced tions? I recently witnessed a simple but poignant example as one them. As an educator, I too left frustrated and wondered: What able-bodied person opened a door for another person who was in are the best ways to prepare students to learn about these difficult, a wheelchair. I watched as the person intending to do a good deed, personal topics? How can they best learn about one another? stood in between the person seeking passage and the doorway The benefits of diversity are touted across contexts. But itself. A distance that would have been appropriate for a person findings have also shown that greater diversity can lead to greater on foot was woefully narrow for another person in a wheelchair. conflict. As an educator, I live in the space between those two The technique for opening the door needed to shift, but how do realities with the sometimes exciting and sometimes unenviable able bodied people learn that? I learned it vicariously, by watching responsibility of creating safe learning spaces. Thankfully, I have my friend fumble. Later as I was looking further into the matter, a learned a thing or two over two decades as an academic and can I found this humorous and informative video: https://ablethrive. make your journey a little shorter than mine. com/relationships/wheelchair-etiquette-doorways-and-elevators. In my Fall Eye column, I encouraged you all to “Challenge And while you can’t be ready to face every single situation, Yourself Out of Your Comfort Zone” (Domenech Rodríguez, you can certainly prepare for those that you actively seek to 2018). In addition to increasing your exposure to groups, experience. I encouraged you to examine your own identities, broadly speaking. To the degree that you are aware of your own multiple Prepare identities, you can more skillfully recognize those of others. The As a teacher of diversity-focused courses, and based on Allport’s more complexly we understand others, the less likely we are to work, I require my students to engage in multiple intercultural fall prey to social group categorization biases (Fiske, 2018). In this exchanges over the course of the semester. One of my frequent article, I focus more heavily on the activities you choose to attend. observations is that students arrive at situations with vastly differ- Exposure to diversity takes preparation in advance, participation ent preparation, and how they prepare significantly impacts the in the moment, and reflection afterward. quality and depth of their experiences. The most successful students get some information in advance Choose What to Do about the group and/or event they are attending. Readings, Allport’s (1954) classic Contact Hypothesis called for four condi- of course, can be academic and complex. Psi Chi Journal has tions to be met for optimal benefits from contact across diverse some excellent empirical articles including an examination of people: (a) equal status between the groups in the situation; (b) biculturalism and personality (Hussain, 2018) and how racism common goals; (c) intergroup cooperation; and (d) the support affects funding allocations (Bernard, McManus, & Saucier, 2016). of authorities, law, or custom. However, later meta-analytic Readings can also be simple and accessible. The Eye on Psi Chi findings (Pettigrew & Tropp, 2006) showed that contact alone is has terrific articles on diversity topics (for a full list: https://www. a critical ingredient to prejudice reduction. Although interven- psichi.org/page/RES_DiversityMatters). tions that met Allport’s optimal conditions had stronger effects, I want to highlight three resources here. In a recent New York

Times opinion editorial, Georgina Kleege (2018) educates us that students tell me they are very anxious about making a fool of she is “not only an experienced traveler” but also “an experienced themselves and prefer more passive events for their lesser likeli- blind person.” Kleege provides some amazing insights into her hood of interaction. Others ward off their anxiety by attending an experience of how others perceive her and her blindness, in less event with a friend. Although this may create comfort in a more than 1,200 words! The web offers terrific interactive spaces that passive setting, it may also lower the likelihood of meaningful require as little as 1 minute of attention. For example, the Natives interpersonal exchange with others at the event. Lands map (https://native-land.ca) is a great resource. Perhaps before attending a cultural event related to American Indian peoples, you can find out who were the original caretakers of Here are some specific skills to practice while you are the land you are standing on and mindfully engage that event attending an event: with a historical mindset. Perhaps you prefer podcasts or TED ASK QUESTIONS instead of making statements or declaring Talks. I’m a big fan of both. There’s a wonderful TED Talk your conclusions. A key cultural competence skill is “scientific by ShaoLan Hsueh (2016) that explains the Chinese zodiac. mindedness” (Sue, 1998). Scientific mindedness is a term that Students interested in learning about Chinese culture and points to the skill of being able to ask questions rather than make customs, could gain some interesting knowledge in about 6 statements that reflect incorrect or premature conclusions. minutes (https://www.ted.com/talks/shaolan_the_chinese_ zodiac_explained). We are also currently scheduling our first LISTEN rather than speak. In a recent talk, Jeanne Tsai reminded live webinar on Difficult Dialogues which would provide both her audience that, in the United States, people are encouraged a great presentation and an opportunity to ask the experts your to speak as they are learning new material. Participation is often questions. rewarded with points or positive attention. This is not so in other Students who have successful intercultural exchanges also countries. Indeed, when people are speaking, they are focused prepare by way of consultation. In some contexts, you may be on producing content rather than taking it in. When people are invited to participate in a cultural event that is more private in speaking, they are also taking the time and attention of others nature. I have been impressed with students who have asked in away from the event. Be considerate in your participation! advance of the event about the expectations of their behavior When in doubt, ASK FOR GUIDANCE OR PERMISSION. If it is not during the event. Invariably they receive excellent feedback clear how you should behave or interact in a particular context, about whether or not it is OK to participate (rather than ask! I personally prefer to appear odd for asking the question than observe), take pictures, write about the experience, etc. These to be experienced as rude for taking inappropriate action. consultations are helpful not only for successful intercultural exchanges, but for life in general. I am reminded of visiting a ASSUME A LEARNER’S DOUBTING STANCE. Even if you think good friend at the hospital when she went unexpectedly into you understand or know what you are seeing and experiencing, labor. It all went by so fast that there was no chance for me to consider the possibility that you are not. If you want to see an leave and respect her and her family’s privacy. These skills came example of this just Google “culture and spitting” and watch the in handy then too! (e.g., Would you like me to take pictures? minutes disappear in a flash. Where would you like me to stand? Is it OK to share with others BE A FOLLOWER rather than a leader. Typically, leadership is given that I am here?). Developing thoughtful habits about how we to someone with skills in motivating and mobilizing others and engage in intercultural exchanges improves our interpersonal also with important knowledge about a topic or group. If you interactions in general. don’t have the experience or the knowledge, sit back and relax! Attend Practice your ability to SIT WITH DISCOMFORT. Unfamiliarity breed discomfort. None of us can be in a new environment for When you are making choices about what intercultural or learning and assume that it will be completely comfortable. multicultural exchanges to engage in, my advice is that you try For many of us, discomfort is a hallmark of new experiences. to hit as many of Allport’s recommendations as possible. For Remember the first time you sat behind the wheel to learn to example, you’ll have much more opportunity for a meaningful drive? It can be scary, exciting, and quite uncomfortable (espe- exchange at a potluck dinner hosted by an international student cially for urbanites), but absolutely worth it. club than by attending a lecture series. You will have many more exchanges volunteering for Special Olympics than you Practice your ability to TOLERATE AMBIGUITY. Ambiguity is one will by collecting cans for a food drive. All of these activities source of discomfort that may be particularly hard to tolerate. It present rich and wonderful opportunities for learning, but is OK to not rush to questions or clarifications when you are not some have greater opportunities for meaningful interpersonal clear on what is happening. Sometimes events take time to unfold, exchange to occur than others. and like a good thriller, waiting for the unfolding to occur can be On my campus, the annual Luau invariably includes danc- quite rewarding. ers from all around the world! My students are often surprised that they can engage in intercultural events at these very active levels. The more active the event, the more likely it is that the Reflect experience will be transformative. Regardless of your choice of Reflection is an important tool in developing insight. There are events, consider their level of intensity and take a moment to literatures in education, medicine, and other fields that support understand what your choice says about you. For example, some the use of self-reflection as an important component of learning.

Once you have participated in your intercultural experience, here diversity will also help you see and appreciate your own. I encour- are some questions you can ask yourself: age each of you to pursue with vigor experiences that will place 1. What went well? And what did I do to contribute to the you in contexts where people have different beliefs, values, and aspects that went well? practices than your own. Whether the differences are large or small, you are bound to learn something important about your- 2. What would I do differently next time? self, about others, and about human behavior. 3. What did I learn about myself that I didn’t already know? References 4. What was my experience of assuming a learner stance? Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley. I invite you think in a nuanced manner; even the most terrible Bernard, D. L., McManus, J. L., & Saucier, D. A. (2014). Blacks in the red: Racial discrimination in funding allocations. Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research, 19, 28–36. https://doi.org/10.24839/2164-8204.JN19.1.28 experiences typically have some positive aspect and even the Domenech Rodríguez, M. M. (2018, Fall). Challenge yourself out of your comfort zone. Eye on Psi Chi, 23(4), 4–5. most glorious experiences have something in them that could be https://doi.org/10.24839/2164-9812.Eye23.1.4 improved. Fiske, S. T. (2018). Prejudice, discrimination, and stereotyping. In R. Biswas-Diener & E. Diener (Eds.), Noba textbook series: Psychology. Champaign, IL: DEF publishers. Retrieved from As part of reflection, new questions might come up. Or per- https://nobaproject.com/modules/prejudice-discrimination-and-stereotyping haps unanswered questions linger. Consider reading or consulting Hsueh, S. (2016). The Chinese zodiac, explained. Retrieved from on these issues after an event. One of my students recently had https://www.ted.com/talks/shaolan_the_chinese_zodiac_explained Hussain, S. F. (2018). Examining relations between bicultural efficacy, the big five personality traits, and this experience when she attended a Drag Show. While there, she psychological well-being in bicultural college students. Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research, 23, 16–27. was surprised to learn that Drag Queens were in the company of https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.JN23.1.16 Drag Kings! She reflected on this new learning (i.e., Drag Kings Kleege, G. (2018, December 19). Flying while blind. New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/19/opinion/flying-blind-airports.html exist) in her assignment and also shared an article she found Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and afterward to learn more about Drag Kings. Some of you may be Social Psychology, 90, 751–783. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.5.751 motivated to attend similar events to deepen your learning. In Sue, S. (1998). In search of cultural competence in psychotherapy and counseling actions. American Psychologist, that case, written self-reflections may be helpful in tracking your 53, 440–448. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.53.4.440 Zhou, S., Page-Gould, E., Aron, A., Moyer, A., & Hewstone, M. (2018). The extended contact hypothesis: A meta- experiences, insights, and learning over time. analysis on 20 years of research. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 108886831876264. Go ahead and embrace diversity! Experiencing others’ https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868318762647

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COPYRIGHT © 2019 PSI CHI SPRING 2019 EYE ON PSI CHI 7 8 PSYCHOLOGYCONTEMPORARY Criminal Minds andCSI It’sFYI, Not All Forensic Psychology . Introducing W 4. 3. 2. 1. field: the about a myths few dispelling and inaccuracies some by identifying first bit done disappointing the get and let’s go But, ahead psychology. Contemporary of Psych edition this In on. so and Cracker, Minds, Criminal CSI, as such shows crime TV fictional) (but popular of very anumber in inaccurately disappointing. least, the say to was, insight This out of control. seem Priest aCatholic make would that standards of behavioral aset to hold oneself must one that requirement the and family, away from time long hours, of paperwork, loads involves position the Instead, enthusiasts. sports extreme of gang criminal a infiltrate to attempt an in surf to learning involve not typically does agent FBI an being out, it turns remake). As pitiful .not the version Swayze and Keanu Point Break watching after ness-like affairs . . . except of course that you are dealing with a murder. with dealing are you that course of except . affairs busi very ness-like actually are they explosive, being than Rather doors. down banging and fights gun all not is investigation murder typical your that out point also Ishould probably myths, dispelling are we while And us. of rest the as anxiety-ridden and EYE ON PSIEYE CHI 2019 SPRING 1 Western University Oregon McMahan, PhD A. Ethan and what forensic psychologists don’t do, we will turn to what what to turn don’t we do, will psychologists forensic what and 5. Although many forensic psychologists are quite smooth, others are as nerdy nerdy as are others smooth, quite are psychologists forensic many Although

not do psychologists Forensic not are psychologists Forensic not is psychology Forensic depicted often is psychology of forensic field the Similarly, So, now that we have covered what forensic psychology is not not is psychology forensic what we have covered now that So, occur during your typical murder investigation. murder typical your during occur that events explosive all-too-frequent the handle confidently court cases. Not Not all forensic psychologists work on criminal and/or and/or work on criminal psychologists forensic all all forensic psychologists are smooth, cool characters that that characters cool smooth, are psychologists forensic all personal observation of this occurred shortly shortly occurred of this observation personal My so. first wildly sometimes inaccurate, often are culture pop in fields and careers of certain depictions aware, probably you are Contemporary Psyc back elcome for the umpteenth time (the original (the original time umpteenth for the the same as criminal profiling. profiling. criminal as same the , we are going to talk about forensic forensic about talk to going , we are interrogate suspects. suspects. interrogate responsible for solving crimes. crimes. for solving responsible 1 h readers. As As h readers.

- typical education and training, and specific careers. careers. specific and training, and education typical psychologists, of forensic responsibilities and duties job-related common psychology, forensic contemporary by describing detail more in subdiscipline this cover we2017). will follows, what In &Bartol, (see Bartol domains civil and criminal the in both ters, mat legal to knowledge of psychological application the involves that of psychology asubdiscipline is psychology forensic short, do. do In psychologists forensic what and is psychology forensic upon to testify in court, serving as expert witnesses on some on some witnesses expert as serving court, in testify to upon called often also are psychologists Forensic on. so and evaluations, assessment threat evaluations, custody child for atrial, evaluation competency of a the form take may assessments These system. legal the in involved are who of individuals assessment logical psycho the is psychologists of forensic duties common most the of One varied. are psychologists of forensic activities typical and duties, responsibilities, the of psychology, areas other with As aGun Include toWork) Carrying Don’t (That Typical Activities area. this in careers and training further pursue to students encourages turn in and interest student attracts on TV) psychology of forensic depiction exaggerated the (and perhaps matter subject provocative the Additionally, matters. these with assist to psychologists for well-trained need the and matters legal to knowledge of psychological application increased to due growth continued experience will field the that It Practice). and is expected Research Psychology of Journal Law; (e.g., Psychology, Policy, Public and journals research specialized and programs, training dedicated Society), Psychology-Law American the (e.g., organizations professional own its has field the Currently, 30 years. last the in substantially grown has field the psychology, in subdiscipline young arelatively Although domain. legal the to principles and knowledge of psychological application the involves psychology forensic above, noted As The Truth, theWhole Truth Forensic Psychology . COPYRIGHT ©2019 PSI CHI COPYRIGHT - -

Photo Credit: iStockphoto.com/ FireAtDusk CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY

topic of relevance. In the civil domain, forensic psychologists may A Psychologist in the Legal System be involved in mediation proceedings and dispute resolution. A forensic psychologist may simply be an academic researcher, (Or, I’m Not From Around Here) So, you’ve got your undergraduate and graduate degrees, all working at a university, studying some topic of legal importance. required certifications, and you have developed enough legal Forensic psychologists may also serve in an advisory role, knowledge to make Rudy Giuliani look like a first-year law providing consultation regarding, for example, selection of jury student.2 What careers are available to you as a budding forensic members or the screening of law enforcement officer applications. psychologist? In short, there are many, but here are some of the Additionally, a forensic psychologist may be involved in the design more common professional opportunities. As you might expect, and implementation of treatment programs for criminal offenders. many forensic psychologists are academic researchers, working I know what you’re thinking . . . what about criminal profil- at colleges or universities, conducting research on topics relevant ing? Do forensic psychologists serve as criminal profilers? Perhaps to the legal system and law enforcement. Forensic psychologists some forensic psychologists, under certain circumstances, engage also serve as consultants to law enforcement, engaging in the in criminal profiling. However, it should be made very clear that development of officer training programs, personnel management, criminal profiling is a rarely used procedure that many, including treatment referrals, and crisis intervention. Similarly, one could those from both law enforcement and the academy, question work as a correctional psychologist, interacting with inmates and the validity of. Moreover, when criminal profiling is used, it is prison personnel in correctional settings. One could specialize in typically practiced by individuals with extensive experience in law evaluation and assessment, focusing on the evaluation of relevant enforcement, not psychology. The take home message here is that parties in criminal or civil cases. One could also serve as a trial criminal profiling makes for good TV, but forensic psychologists consultant, engaging in a number of important activities for legal do not typically engage in this practice. teams (e.g., assisting with jury selection). Note that this list is just the tip of the iceberg, and numerous professional opportunities are Binge-Watching CSI: Miami available to individuals with the requisite skills and experience. Does Not Count as Professional Training Importantly, forensic psychology is for the most part a postdoc- Summary: Closing the Case toral specialization. This means that your run-of-the-mill forensic At this point, I hope you, dear readers, now have a more accurate psychologist will have earned undergraduate and graduate degrees understanding of forensic psychology. But as always, my editors in psychology prior to receiving any specialized training in foren- have only allowed me so many words to describe this fascinating sic psychology. Given the emphasis on psychological assessment, area, so if the above has sparked your interest, I encourage you to development and implementation of offender treatment programs, take a look at the additional readings and resources listed below. etc., forensic psychologists often need to have clinical training and Until next time. experience. Accordingly, they often hold a PhD or PsyD in either clinical or counseling psychology, are licensed to provide services Additional Reading and Resources in a particular jurisdiction, and have several years postdoctoral American Psychology-Law Society, Division 41, American Psychological Association. (n.d.). About. Retrieved from https://www.apadivisions.org/division-41/ experience engaged in forensics-relevant professional activities. Clements, C. B., & Wakeman, E. E. (2007). Raising the bar: The case for doctoral training in forensic With that said, depending on the nature of the forensic psy- psychology. Journal of Forensic Psychology Practice, 7, 53–63. https://doi.org9/10.1300/J158v07n02_04 chologist’s interests, other forms of training and experience may be preferable. For example, a university-employed researcher with References Bartol, C. R., & Bartol, A. M. (2017). Introduction to forensic psychology: Research and application. Thousand Oaks, scholarly interests in the fallibility of eye-witness memory may CA: Sage Publications. have a PhD in experimental or cognitive psychology, rather than DeMatteo, D., Marczyk, G., Krauss, D. A., & Burl, J. (2009). Educational and training models in forensic clinical psychology. So, although the above describes a common psychology. Training and Education in Professional Psychology, 3, 184–191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0014582 educational route to a career in forensic psychology, particularly for those engaged in the practice of forensic psychology, it is by no Ethan A. McMahan, PhD, is an associate professor in the Department of means the only route. Psychological Sciences at Western Oregon University where he teaches courses in research methods, advanced research methods, and positive Rather than focus on the specific degrees, licensures, and psychology. He is passionate about undergraduate education in psychology certifications required to become a forensic psychologist, it is and has served Psi Chi members in several ways over the last few years, probably more useful to focus on the requisite skills and knowl- including as a faculty advisor, Psi Chi Western Region Steering Committee edge a student should develop in order to be prepared to serve in Member, Grants Chair, and most recently, as the Western Regional Vice-President of Psi Chi. His research interests focus on hedonic and this professional context. Most forensic psychologists should have eudaimonic approaches to well-being, folk conceptions of happiness, and the relationship between appropriate clinical training and experience; a strong background nature and human well-being. His recent work examines how exposure to immersive simulations of in scientific research design, analysis, and statistics; excellent oral natural environments impact concurrent emotional state and, more broadly, how regular contact with and writing skills; and the ability to maintain one’s composure natural environments may be one route by which individuals achieve optimal feeling and functioning. He has published in the Journal of Positive Psychology, the Journal of Happiness Studies, Personality and under stress (see DeMatteo, Marczyk, Krauss, & Burl, 2009). Individual Differences, and Ecopsychology, among other publications. He completed his undergraduate Additionally, it is critical that a forensic psychologist have training at the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs and holds a PhD in experimental psychology extensive legal knowledge because nearly all of the activities a from the University of Wyoming. forensic psychologist engages in require a firm understanding of the policies, procedures, and requirements common to legal 2 I recognize that being able to beat Giuliani in a hypothetical legal showdown is not exactly setting a high bar. But, in this scenario, you are just starting out, so proceedings and domains. allowances must be made.

COPYRIGHT © 2019 PSI CHI SPRING 2019 EYE ON PSI CHI 9 10 WORKPLACE WISDOM FROMTHE T About It About and What to Do Underemployment Postcollege Job: Planning Your First DePaul University Paul Hettich, PhD psychology department heads because 56% of baccalaureate 56% of baccalaureate because heads department psychology EYE ON PSIEYE CHI 2019 SPRING and Strada Institute for the Future of Work, Future for 2018, p. the 30). Institute Strada and Technologies Glass (Burning market job of the aspects other many so in as here, challenge agreater face who for women, true particularly is .This it accordingly treat should graduates and educators both and decision, high-stakes isa job first The to come. ment for years to underemploy consigned be may they consequences; long-term significant suffer careers their in early jobs subbachelor’s-level into forced are or who accept who Graduates career. of a long-term direction the influence profoundly can takes person a job younger initial The should also concern their teachers, advisors, and and advisors, teachers, their concern also should It majors. psychology baccalaureate place-bound work all to call awake-up is Grads, College of Careers on Long-Term Effects Underemployment’s The PermanentDetour: from conclusion his - -

methods, and I/O courses. I/O courses. and methods, research planning, career in for discussion appropriate report thought-provoking this Teachers find may References. in listed report online complete the you consult to encourage I strongly complex; topic are this in involved issues multiple but the ings, job. first their in succeed help them to (APA, bound 2018), workplace are majors we need and psychology individual circumstances and the connection between education education between connection the and circumstances individual as such issues addresses in each how limited are definitions Both (p. 7). part-time” working involuntarily but are employment time full- who prefer “those as underemployed workers (BLS) defines Statistics of Labor Bureau of Work, the 2018, p. 7). contrast, In Future for the Institute Strada and Technologies Glass (Burning abachelor’s degree” not do require that jobs in working holders “bachelor’sunderemploymentThe authors define as degrees Underemployment I will summarize the report’s methodology and basic find basic and methodology report’s the summarize I will COPYRIGHT ©2019 PSI CHI COPYRIGHT -

Photo Credit: iStockphoto.com/Marisa9 WISDOM FROM THE WORKPLACE

and task demands, but the data presented here is based on the Findings Burning Glass definition. Following are the basic findings from the analyses of the job Underemployment is a common workplace condition but postings and resumés. one that is currently in a state of flux because of changes in the economy, changing job skills especially in technical occupations, 1. Appropriately employed versus underemployed. The good the prevalence of contract or “gig” (part-time or temporary) work, news is that 87% of the workers who were appropriately and the practice of upcredentialing. That is, some hiring managers employed (their position matched their educational level) in intentionally seek college graduates for jobs that do not require a their first job continued to hold an appropriate position five college degree because of the large pool of applicants and, I may years later. In addition, 91% of those appropriately employed add, at a time when many jobs are being automated. From an remained at that level after 10 years. The bad news is that, employer perspective, college graduates possess more desirable across all majors included in this study, 43% entered jobs credentials (i.e., higher levels of achievement, persistence, and that placed them in the underemployed category, using this maturity) compared to most high school or associate degree report’s definition of underemployment. After five years, 29% graduates. Employers’ demands for higher credentials has grown of them remained underemployed; even after 10 years, 21% rapidly over the past five years—almost twice as fast as the growth were still underemployed. in all bachelor’s-level jobs. Clearly, upcredentialing contributes to The 43% level of underemployment for the first post-college underemployment (Burning Glass Technologies & Strada Institute job is consistent with that reported by economists Abel for the Future of Work, 2018), and it could happen to you. and Deitz (2017) who placed it at 43.5%. They maintained Burning Glass used its database of over 800 million online that underemployment is common during good and bad job postings to obtain specific information about the skills that economic cycles, that this condition is currently trending employers seek; their sources include daily access of job postings downward (as is unemployment), and that underemployment is a normal college-to-workplace transition issue as graduates from nearly 50,000 online job boards, newspapers, and employer search for the right job. However, Abel and Deitz did not sites. “If more than 50% of job postings for an occupation over the report on the consequences relating first jobs to long-term past three years (2015–17) requested a bachelor’s degree or higher underemployment. we considered it a college-level job” (Burning Glass Technologies & Strada Institute for the Future of Work, 2018, p. 14). Using this 2. Earnings. The annual average earnings of graduates in definition, the authors redefined 45 occupations from noncollege appropriately employed jobs was $47,470 compared to $37,330 level, as determined in the O*NET classification (the government (27% less) for those considered underemployed. Women’s database Occupation Information Network), to college level. salaries were lower than men’s, but specific differences were Examples of upskilled occupations of possible interest to psychol- not reported. No other relevant information on earnings was ogy students include human resources specialists, event planners provided. (meeting and convention), sales representatives (wholesale and 3. Gender differences. Women college graduates are more manufacturing, technical and scientific products), and postsec- disadvantaged then men graduates in their first post-college ondary vocational education teachers. job: 47% of the women are initially underemployed compared Among the 18 occupations the Burning Glass analysis shifted to 37% men. After 5 years, 31% of the women and 23% of from college to noncollege are community health workers, psy- the men were underemployed; after 10 years, the situation chiatric technicians, occupational health and safety technicians, remained the same for 23% of women and 17% of men. The recreation workers, and patient representatives (Burning Glass gender differences persisted for women regardless of the Technologies & Strada Institute for the Future of Work, 2018). academic major chosen. Burning Glass did not use the occupational profiles developed by the government for jobs for which college degrees are not required 4. STEM graduates. STEM graduates are in the lowest category because it believes those descriptions are slow to update as market of underemployment. However, the probability of being conditions change. In summary, underemployment occurs when underemployed differs among majors (from lowest to highest a person is not working in a job for which a college degree is levels): 29% engineering; 30% computer and information required, and a college-level job is one which more than 50% of sciences and support services; 39% mathematics and statistics; the job postings from 2015–17 required a college degree. 40% physical sciences; and 51% biological and biomedical sciences. The probability of being underemployed in the first Establishing the Long-Term job and five years later for each STEM field is 18%, 18%, 26%, 27%, and 35%, respectively. Female STEM graduates are more Effects of Underemployment likely than male STEM graduates to be underemployed 5 years The authors were also interested in the career paths, progress, and and 10 years later. outcomes of American workers over time. Burning Glass used four million resumés mined from its database of over 80 million In summary, college graduates, especially women, who are resumés, plus federal surveys and administrative data sets related underemployed in their first job are likely to be disadvantaged in to degree completion, academic majors, and workers earnings. To terms of career and financial upward mobility, and could remain be included in the study, an individual’s resumé had to meet the that way for years. The authors emphasized that criteria of possessing a bachelor’s degree and at least five years of Early employment choices are a dress rehearsal for work experience. the rest of life. Young adults underemployed after

graduation can’t consider it just a phase that they’ll jobs required at least an associate degree, that is, situations that escape from in a few months because a few months can may mitigate some negative aspects of underemployment? These easily turn into a few years and eventually an entire and similar questions are relevant when considering the complete career (Burning Glass Technologies & Strada Institute picture of underemployment. However, despite these possible rival for the Future of Work, 2018, p. 8). hypotheses and their unknown effects, readers should still be seriously concerned about the report’s findings. Majors Matter At this point you are very concerned about the differences among How to Avoid Underemployment! academic majors and whether psychology was the right choice In some situations (personal circumstances, the labor market, for you. The authors presented first-job and five-years-later data geographical location), you may have no other choice than to for several academic majors in terms of the probability of being accept a part-time or full-time job that is below your level of edu- underemployed. For the sake of brevity, I included data for cation. Yet, there are steps you can take during college to improve selected majors (in addition to STEM) but a complete list appears your chances of avoiding underemployment. None are silver on page 20 of the report. The probability of being underemployed bullet solutions but acting on this advice NOW will likely increase with one of these majors in a first job and five years later are: your odds of joining those appropriately employed workers who social sciences, 44% and 28%; business management, marketing, use their education and enjoy their job’s benefits. and related support services, 47% and 31%; health professions and • Complete an academic minor or additional coursework plus related programs, 49% and 36%; education, 50% and 36%; an internship in your anticipated career field, in addition psychology, 54% and 70%; and homeland security, law enforce- to your psychology major. Career/job-related internships ment, firefighting and related protective services, 65% and 50%. are an employer’s most preferred type of job preparation After you recover from the shock of seeing psychology’s (Burning Glass Technologies, 2013). In addition, students who 54% underemployment probability level, notice that: (a) majors completed an internship report that the experience positively that are most in demand in the workplace (i.e., engineering and impacted their career readiness skills such as professionalism/ computer related) also reflect a surprisingly high (to this writer) work ethic, teamwork, communication, critical thinking/ level of underemployment, and (b) several majors are separated problem solving, and leadership (NACE, 2018). by only a few percentage points. Psychology’s position in relation to, for example, social sciences is puzzling because psychology is • Monitor the specific skills you are developing in and out of the often grouped with social sciences, which here reflects 44% prob- classroom including your job and extracurricular activities. ability of underemployment. Except for the STEM disciplines, no Include evidence of skill development in an e-portfolio so you comments were offered regarding one major’s position in relation can articulate your skills and experiences on resumés and to to others. You are encouraged to explore these findings with your a hiring manager during a job interview. Do not expect most career services professionals, advisors, and others knowledgeable teachers to tell you the specific skills they teach because they about employment issues at https://psichi.com/PermanentDetour. assume that you can identify them. • Work closely with your academic advisors and career services What Is Missing From The Permanent Detour? professionals. Develop a mentoring relationship with an Individuals and Situations experienced individual whom you respect. In addition, The findings in this report strongly suggest that long-term conduct informational interviews with persons working in underemployment is caused by first job choices and potentially fields that interest you. is a serious problem for all academic majors, and especially for • Create a job search plan several months in advance of women. That could be true. However, other variables may operate graduation and regard the search process as a time-intensive to influence underemployment that were not addressed in this job. I have discussed these issues in previous columns of Eye report; perhaps they were beyond the scope of this study given its on Psi Chi—specifically in the Fall 2016; Winter and Spring “big data” methodology. The Permanent Detour does not provide 2017; and Spring, Summer, and Fall 2018 issues. To obtain data about the workers’ individual situations. For example, was these articles, go to https://www.psichi.org/?Publications_ that first job the only one available to the applicants, given their Search, enter my name in the Search Authors column, and local employment conditions, family responsibilities, work view issues by date. history, or related circumstances? How much planning, skill, and effort did the individuals exert researching the job, preparing a • Cautiously and objectively consider applying to a graduate resumé, and interviewing? Did some hiring managers upcreden- or professional program or seek college-level certification tial the job, or were they less than honest in describing education, in your preferred specialty area to increase your chances experience, and skill sets required? Did the chosen job provide of obtaining full and satisfying employment. According to particular benefits (e.g., health insurance, paid leave, or flextime) Lin, Ghaness, Stamm, Christidis, and Conroy (2018), 64% or a desirable culture unavailable in an appropriately employed of baccalaureate-level psychology graduates work in jobs position? To what extent do workers in a lower level job perceive that relate to their degree, but that level increases markedly they are underemployed and still enjoy or tolerate the work even for master’s graduates to 89%, and to 95% with a doctorate. if it is not at the baccalaureate level? The report focused on jobs Fourteen percent of baccalaureate psychology grads obtained requiring a bachelor’s degree, but how many underemployed-level a graduate degree in psychology; another 30% obtained a

12 EYE ON PSI CHI SPRING 2019 COPYRIGHT © 2019 PSI CHI Photo Credit: iStockphoto.com/sturti COPYRIGHT ©2019 PSI CHI COPYRIGHT not address—factors that could could that not address—factors did authors the that situations their and individuals to taining per variables about questions raised I findings, data” “big summarizing the report’s to addition In environment. labor changing and complex a in job post-college first their seek they as graduates psychology for baccalaureate Grads College of Careers on Effects Long-TermUnderemployment’s The PermanentDetour: Comments Concluding • • • • still get hired. hired. get still and way the along mistakes make you can and seek, you job the not get still and search job your in right everything do you can that counselor, career experienced of one words highly the remember, in Also underemployed. being from frustration reduce to attitude apositive maintain help that groups support and activities seek and contacts, of network your or enhance build employment, alternative Seek termination. possible and evaluations low performance you risk disengaged, you become If work. your in engaged and positive remain underemployed, yourself you find If do. subsequently position that in workers former what and position, that in of individuals tenure typical the advancement, assess to used benchmarks opportunities, development career as such advancement address directly that questions manager potential your for ask ajob, you interview When career. or occupation you for an prepare to designed thoughtfully is if it and it, afford you can if goals long-term your exploring for option an is year agap Taking or more. for ayear perhaps work lower (and level pay) months, afew accept to beyond be prepared job, but first your one during discover to hope can you you, interests that field or career no occupation is there If employment. graduate-level college obtain to late too it be may because tasks these complete to year senior of your semester second the until not wait Do growth. personal and opportunities professional achieve to but rather avoid to underemployment, be not just should motive Your primary training. advanced with options career and job to point clearly that data and goals, professional and personal long-range your values, of your understanding asolid possess you should education, on advanced deciding However, pay to off. before decades require could debt your job underemployed-level alow-paying but in obligations, debt your increase likely will degree advanced an Seeking (APA,2018). psychology than other afield in degree graduate raises serious raises concerns - and suggestions. Note National Association of Colleges and Employers. (2018, October 24). Students: Internships positively impact impact positively Internships Students: 24). October (2018, Employers. and Colleges of Association National in work holders degree psychology Do October). (2018, J. P., &Conroy, Christidis, K., Stamm, A., Ghaness, L., Lin, The autocrat of the breakfast table. (1858). O.W. Holmes, The permanent (2018). detour: Work. of Future the for Institute Strada &the Technologies Glass Burning market labor their improve can graduates arts liberal How employment: of art The (2013). Technologies. Glass Burning Retrieved tool]. data [Interactive psychology. in pathways Degree (2018). Association. Psychological American Liberty college?’ from graduating be to time agood now Is economist! ‘Hey 19). May (2017, R. &Deitz, R., J. Abel, References Sr. (1858) Wendell Holmes, Oliver poet observed: who and writer, physician, century nineteenth of wisdom the I offer closing, In underemployment. to avoid take can you steps specific job. identified I first of your and outcomes choice the influence students-internships-positively-impact-competencies/ students-internships-positively-impact-competencies/ competencies. competencies. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2018/10/datapoint.aspx 49 Psychology, on psychology jobs? Monitor APA underemployment_report.pdf http://www.stradaeducation.org/wp-content/themes/strada-education/permanent_detour_ Underemployment’s long-term effects on the careers of college grads. prospects. from http://www.apa.org/workforce/data-tools/degrees-pathways.aspx newyorkfed.org/2017/05/hey-economist-is-now-a-good-time-to-be-graduating-from-college.html Street Economics. . I am very grateful to Camille Helkowski and Jon Keil for their helpful comments comments helpful their for Keil Jon and Helkowski Camille to grateful very . Iam not drift, nor lie at anchor. lie at nor not drift, and it—but we sail, must against sometimes and wind the with sometimes we sail must of heaven, port the To moving: reach we are direction what in as we stand, where so is notmuch world this in thing great the I find Retrieved from http://www.burning-glass.com/wp-content/uploads/BGTReportLiberalArts.pdf from http://www.burning-glass.com/wp-content/uploads/BGTReportLiberalArts.pdf Retrieved Spotlight Retrieved from Federal Reserve Bank of New York: https://libertystreeteconomics. York: New of Bank Reserve Federal from Retrieved . Retrieved from https://www.naceweb.org/career-readiness/internships/ from . Retrieved contact Paul [email protected] contact You andpractices. cultures, can expectations, andworkplace university between graduates whorevealed amajor andemployers disconnect by issues readiness college-to-workplace inspired to write about teaching andadministration. Hewas incollege hiscareer foundation for that created a“realand acorporate scientist—positions applied world” program evaluator R&Dlab, inaneducation Army psychologist, personnel Paul Hettich, PhD, was Emeritus atDePaul (IL), Professor an University (9), 19. Retrieved from from Retrieved (9), 19. Boston, MA: Phillips, Sampson, and Company. Sampson, Phillips, MA: Boston, Retrieved from

WISDOM FROM THE WORKPLACE WISDOM FROMTHE

Introducing Psi Chi's Fourth Annual Scholarship

Recipients!by Psi Chi Awards and Grants

or the past four summers, Psi Chi UNDERGRADUATE RECIPIENTS student members from around the globe have taken a deep breath and leapt “This scholarship plays a direct role in my headlong into the crisp, deep blue. Their success as an undergraduate student and goal?—to earn a $3,000 Psi Chi Scholarship, and with it, a chance to also as a future psychological scientist. As a Fpursue their dreams of a degree in psychology! first-generation college student, I make it Psi Chi Scholarships has quickly become one my priority to take advantage of academic of our most coveted and inspirational programs. opportunities that will help me build This year, 176 eligible students completed an appli- financial resilience.” cation to receive one of 16 scholarships. Eight of these scholarships are designated for undergrad- KELLY BIELONKO is an incoming senior student at Eastern uates; the other eight are for graduate students. Connecticut State University pursuing a BS in industrial-organizational psychological science. Her Specifically, Psi Chi Scholarships help students concentrations and passions are occupational health and leadership focusing on organizational pay for school tuition, institutional fees, required culture, diversity, and work-life balance. Her goal is to build healthy and effective workplaces. textbooks, and other educational expenses vital to their futures. We owe a great deal of appreciation to those “Before being awarded this scholarship, I was who have made Psi Chi Scholarships a reality, in worried about being able to afford my addition to our other pre-existing $400,000 in tuition, graduate school applications, the annual Psi Chi Awards and Grants. Thank you, GRE, and textbooks. With the help of this donors to the Give Back to Psi Chi campaign scholarship, I don't have to worry as much, (https://donate.psichi.org), Psi Chi’s Board of and I'm able to focus on my future.” Directors, and GEICO. This year alone, we provided $48,000 in scholarships. And over the past TAYLOR GARDNER is a senior at Ohio University majoring in four years combined, a total of $120,000 in schol- psychology and minoring in biological sciences. She is the arships have been awarded to deserving students! Ohio University Psi Chi Chapter President, Editor-in-Chief of The Athena Yearbook, and a mentor to We could not have done this without you! first-year psychology students. Students of all types and backgrounds have applied for these scholarships: first-generation college students, international students, and even survivors of natural disasters. All of them have impressive school grades and a clear passion to help others by shaping the future of psychology. Below, we are proud to introduce the 16 recipients* of the 2018 Psi Chi Scholarships program!

*One of the 16 scholarships recipients wished to remain anonymous.

14 EYE ON PSI CHI SPRING 2019 COPYRIGHT © 2019 PSI CHI Photo Credit: iStockphoto.com/PeterSnow COPYRIGHT ©2019 PSI CHI COPYRIGHT JOSEPH MCBRIDE color. of women especially women, empower to helps that organization nonprofit a with working be would career dream Her studies. Spanish in minoring and psychology, in majoring (IL), University Dominican attending currently clinical PhD psychology programs. to applying be will and GPA, a4.0 maintains he diligence, Through academia. to passion this apply to away found and others, help to ability an maintained but stumbled, he life Throughout Louis. Missouri–St. of University the attends my mother.” my and myself for provide and future, my academic was raised by a first-generation family in rural Missouri and and Missouri rural in family afirst-generation by raised was “This scholarshipwill allow “This me “ scholarship “This would allow This scholarshipwillThis help to undergraduate degree.” undergraduate pursuing in my financially shoulders off my weight some pursuing a degree in higher education. higher in adegree pursuing student afirst-generation now is she Once undocumented, University. Lutheran SANDY GONZALEZ ESMERALDA MARISCAL, college student from Cicero, IL. She is is She IL. Cicero, from student college will enable me to focus on on focus to me enable will career path. The scholarship my rerouting my and life, play changing arole in will It school. apply graduate to and dreams, my academic fulfill my finances, arrange to accumulating.” Iam debt much how than rather on my education focus better Ican that so burden, some financial alleviate attends California California attends is a first-generation is a first-generation

development. child and dynamics family study to wants She psychology. social in PhD a pursue to planning is Thao psychology, in honors with agraduate Soon sociology. in aminor with studies communication and psychology in community psychology after graduating with her BA in May 2019. May in BA her with graduating after psychology community or health, social, in aPhD pursue to hopes She President. Chapter Chi Psi CCSU the is She gerontology. in minoring and psychology in majoring HELENA SWANSON SWANSON HELENA PHAM THAO school applications, and textbooks.” and applications, school advancements.” more for career strive to as well as more studying on concentrate to me help is an undergraduate student at Augustana College (IL) majoring majoring (IL) College Augustana at student undergraduate an is is a senior at Central Connecticut State University University State Connecticut Central at asenior is “This scholarship impacts scholarship “This impacts Chi Psi Undergraduate “The pay for school, graduate graduate pay school, for to how about worrying and workingabout more hours stressing 100% than rather my on education focus to me it allows because my career in psychology definitely care of will taken of my tuition Having apart school in psychology. social me to pursue graduate encourage and education undergraduate my finish to me enable will Scholarship EYE ON PSI 2019SPRING EYE CHI WISDOM FROM THE WORKPLACE WISDOM FROMTHE 15 RECOGNITION

GRADUATE RECIPIENTS “In supporting me through the final stretch of my degree in “This scholarship will enable science writing, this me to attend a master's scholarship is helping me program in psychological perfect my ability to convey counseling at Columbia exciting, but difficult, University (NY) in the fall, scientific concepts to broad and continue supporting my audiences. I'm deeply community by volunteering passionate about psychology and grateful to continue at Mountainside Hospital's learning how to share it with others through writing.” behavioral health unit and at the Rutgers University– MAGDALYN "MAGGIE" FIORE earned her BS in psychology from Mount St. Mary's Newark (NJ) Psi Chi Chapter, which I helped University in Emmitsburg, MD, where she served as vice-president of her revitalize last year.” campus Psi Chi chapter. Maggie is now pursuing her MA in science writing MARIAN CALLE graduated from Rutgers University–Newark in 2016 with a BA from Johns Hopkins University (MD). in English, and again in 2018 with a BA in psychology. This fall, she will embark on a master's program in psychological counseling at Columbia University Teachers College, with a concentration in bilingual Latina/o mental health “The Psi Chi Graduate counseling. Scholarship will alleviate financial stress and allow me to meet the funding requirements for the master's program that I am attending 2019 Scholarship Applications in the fall. I will be able to devote more energy toward Open This Spring working on my thesis and internship.” Students, complete information to apply for the next GABRIELA HEERMANS received a bachelor's degree in psychology from the round of scholarships will be available this spring. University of Vermont. She pursued research on cultural perspectives of Learn more about the application guidelines. posttraumatic stress disorder within Bhutanese refugee populations in UNDERGRADUATES Burlington, VT. She currently works with refugee populations and will pursue http://www.psichi.org/?PsiChischolars research to help refugees in the future. GRADUATE STUDENTS http://www.psichi.org/page/GradScholars “Scholarships are the reason I've come this far. A scholarship from Psi Chi will alleviate financial concerns, which will allow me to focus on my studies more, so I can complete my master's degree successfully and increase my chance of getting admitted to a doctoral program in clinical psychology.” IRENE HERNANDEZ DE LA CRUZ is a graduate student studying psychology at California State University, Los Angeles. Her research focuses primarily on personality, sexual risk behaviors, and health disparities among HIV+ individuals. Irene plans to obtain a PhD in clinical psychology and build a career as a clinician, researcher, and professor.

“This award will allow me to continue to satiate my “This scholarship will allow intellectual curiosity abroad. me to better focus on my It will enable me to establish research and coursework in mindfulness as a reputable an intensive master's field of study, and program. It will also enable incorporating my passion for me to devote more time to Spain and cross-cultural give back to the psychological contexts, I will prepare my field and community for community at San Diego an internationalized future through theory and State University (CA) and beyond.” practice.” JULIE TON-VUONG is a first-year student to San Diego State University's ROWAN MULLIGAN graduated with a BA in psychology and leadership studies master's of science program in industrial and organizational psychology. sequence from Claremont McKenna College (CA). As an aspiring industrial- As her career goal, she would like to work toward improving organizational organizational psychologist at the University of Valencia (Spain), she envisions environments and employee satisfaction through internal consulting. a career based on the fusion of theory and praxis. She plans to develop the field of mindfulness and facilitate its application into real-world settings.

“This scholarship will impact my life immensely. from Hurricane María to today, I Support a Scholarship have loss so many things; The demand for additional Psi Chi Scholarships is receiving this award will be clear and great; next year, we are seeking to help more such an honor. I know that I students than ever before. Any contribution you will use it very wisely to pay make will help an exceptional student to obtain an for my degree.” education in psychology. Thank you in advance for your generosity. Visit https://donate.psichi.org. VANESSA ORTIZ ROSADO is a Puerto Rican young woman studying a PhD in clinical psychology in Ponce Health Sciences University (Puerto Rico). She loves to learn and promote knowledge to others, but her main goal is to help everyone to live with healthy minds, bodies, and souls.

“Receiving this Psi Chi Graduate Scholarship allows me to devote greater attention and resources to my academics and research. I am able to purchase textbooks and technologies foundational to my career as a clinical psychologist (e.g., the DSM-5, statistical software packages) and present my work at national conventions.” JORDAN THOMAS is a doctoral student in clinical psychology at the University of California, Los Angeles. A graduate of Connecticut College, she previously served as a research associate at Yale University's School of Public Health (CT). Her research interests include topics in women's health psychology, particularly sexual health.

Photo Credit:Photo iStockphoto.com/PeterSnow COPYRIGHT © 2019 PSI CHI SPRING 2019 EYE ON PSI CHI 17 Why You Should Care About the History of Psychology, With Cathy Faye, PhD Cathy Faye, PhD, Cumming Center for the History of Psychology Joseph Dycus, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga

sychology is a fascinating world The Importance of the How will future historians to explore, with hundreds of view this era of psychology? subfields and thousands of History of Psychology Right now, we’re in an era of self-reflec- topics to research. Have you Why is it important to know and tion. We’ve been forced to be reflective to ever wondered how psychology understand the history of psychology? some extent with certain things like the became the enormous discipline that it is There are so many reasons. Most impor- replication crisis, and controversy over Ptoday? Have you ever been curious about tantly, understanding psychology’s history ethical codes. There’s a lot of questions the famous studies of yesteryear, like helps us see psychology in context. As about data and research methods, and the Milgram or Stanford experiments? researchers, students, clinicians, and lately, a lot of discussion of the political Studying the history of psychology is a teachers, it’s really easy to forget that our ideology that guides psychology. There’s complicated endeavor, and anyone who work is produced in very specific human this idea that a dominance of liberal wants to try would probably need some and social contexts, and that our work has ideology changes the kinds of things that guidance. a very visible impact on society. History we study in psychology. Of course, we’ve Dr. Cathy Faye, at the University and hindsight make it a lot easier to see actually gone through periods of self-re- of Akron (OH), wants to offer some this, to see how our psychology might flection like this before. In the 1970s, there assistance. As the assistant director at serve some audiences and not serve was a crisis in psychology, and there’s the Cummings Center for the History others. So when I explore the history of been other really interesting periods of of Psychology, she has dedicated her life psychology, it encourages me to think history like this as well. to preserving psychology’s history. The about the psychology we do now and ask Center recently opened the first-ever who it serves and who it leaves out. It About Museum Exhibits National Museum of Psychology in the also makes me think about how my own What is your role at the museum United States, and features the world’s worldview impacts how I think about the and how did you get involved? largest archival repository of psychology- psychology that I practice. I’m the assistant director of the museum. related historical documents, media, and Everyone who works here does a little bit artifacts. If you want to know why the How has psychology of everything, but my main job is to work history of psychology is an important changed over the years? with people who want to donate materials subject, then Cathy Faye has the answers. The biggest change in psychology in the to our collection. As for how I became last century has been specialization. Not involved with the museum? I helped only do we now work in subfields, but create it essentially. In 2013 we started we work in subfields of subfields. For planning sessions for the new museum. instance, we have social cognition, which Our whole staff was involved in that, and is a hybrid of social psychology and cogni- we just sat down and thought a lot about tive psychology. I think that this is really what we wanted to do with the museum. wonderful in many ways, and I believe I led the project from there, coordinating that this specialization helps us to work with the design team, the creative con- very intensely on important problems. sultants, and our staff. I also wrote all of But it also makes it more difficult to build the exhibit text for the museum. So as a bridges in between different areas. This is group, we chose the exhibits, and I wrote because each area has its own language, its the text and storylines for the chosen own history, its own approaches. exhibits. It was a fantastic time—can you

Gua and Donald, ca. 1931. Archives of the History of American Psychology, Winthrop

COPYRIGHT © 2019 PSI CHI History the of for Psychology Center Cummings Credit: Faye, Photo Cathy Kellogg papers. A young visitor explores a simulated visual cliff at the National Museum of A 1930s psycograph at the National Museum of Psychology. Photo courtesy of the University of Akron. Psychology. Photo courtesy of the University of Akron.

think of a better job for a historian of the section of the museum that covers the machine’s reading of the skull. It’s a really psychology? history of mental healthcare. That exhibit interesting device, even if you don’t know looks at the history of mental healthcare what you’re looking at. And I think that What is the creepiest thing that has been from the 1700s to the 1980s, and we talk it’s a fantastic teaching device. I use it all done because of, or in the name about different approaches to treatment. the time with my students, to explore ideas of, psychological science? These include early lunatic asylums, the of science versus pseudoscience, and the I don’t know if creepy is the right word, beginning of electroshock therapy and popularization of science, and all of these but the one that stays with me the most lobotomy, and the beginning of talk other things. is probably the study of a chimpanzee therapy. But everyone, no matter their called Gua in the 1930s. Two psychol- background, loves interactives. The inter- How would you define pseudoscience in psychology? ogists—Winthrop M. Kellogg and actives are fun, but also, everyone wants Luella Kellogg—decided to home-raise to know more about themselves. I think I don’t really like the idea of calling some- a chimpanzee. So they brought a chim- that’s why personality tests and IQ tests are thing pseudoscience and something else panzee named Gua into their home. The so popular on Facebook and the Internet real science. I think that science comes in chimpanzee was seven and a half months more generally. People want to know more all shades of black, white, and grey, you old, and their son Donald was 10 months. about themselves. And I think that’s what know? But when I’m with my students, I The story is quite a sad one. They kept Gua we’re observing at the museum because say that when you’re doing science, you for nine months, and then Gua was taken our interactives give them a chance to test have to be able to put forward hypotheses that can be disconfirmed. For example, if back to a primate colony, and Donald was themselves and learn about themselves. raised on his own. This chimpanzee was you think about phrenology, it was really sort of his best friend for a year and then What is one of the more interesting hard to disprove. But that’s what these he was gone. They did learn about some of artifacts that you’ve gotten at traveling phrenology readers kind of the differences between chimpanzee and the museum? banked on. They’d travel around the coun- human learning and development. But this I will tell you about my favorite object try and say, “This is what your phrenology is one of those studies where I question that I think goes unnoticed, something reading says,” and people would see things whether the risk was worth the scientific called a psycograph. The psycograph was in that phrenology reading that they felt reward, and that’s a question that I think invented in the 1930s and is based on an were true about themselves. So it was a about a lot in the psychological sciences. older pseudoscience called phrenology. science that was much more amenable To what extent do the results justify any Phrenology was the idea, popularized to confirming than disconfirming, and kind of harm experienced by participants? in the 19th century, that you could tell a to me that’s one of the things that leans person’s personality by feeling the bumps toward pseudoscience rather than science. What are some of the more popular on the person’s skull. Well, in the 1930s, But I’d like for students to think of it as a exhibits that you can find in the museum? these two brothers, who were not psychol- very important precursor to things that I would say that it depends on the visitor. ogists but rather inventors and gadgeteers, we know now. Brain localization is a good Psychologists and psychology students decided to make some money off of this example. One of the things that we have in are most interested in the classic studies. and created an electronic phrenology the Museum is Roger Sperry’s Nobel Prize, They love to come in and see documents, machine called the psycograph. And it which he won for research on the brain. objects, and photos from the Stanford actually works! Wires on the machine Phrenology made many questionable Prison Experiment and also Milgram’s measure the bumps and indentations on assumptions, and I think that it became studies of obedience. The general public on your skull, and it provides an automatic a bit bastardized as it became a traveling, the other hand, seems most interested in read-out of your personality based on the money-making scheme, but it really was

Photo Credit: Cathy Faye, Cummings Center for the History the of for Psychology Center Cummings Credit: Faye, Photo Cathy COPYRIGHT © 2019 PSI CHI SPRING 2019 EYE ON PSI CHI 19 20 LECTURER DISTINGUISHED EYE ON PSIEYE CHI 2019 SPRING So of psychology. hits” “best called so the experiment, Milgram the experiment, theStanford include to wanted definitely we so studies, psychology classic see to here in come students psychology many before, Isaid like So want.” they what people the “give to decided we also that fact the Idon’t underestimate to And try. want coun the into get to able be to were going immigrants whether determine to Island at Ellis used how it was even and selection, employee in advertising, in used been has on how psychology Weogy. have exhibits of psychol history the to connection her on Wonder Woman and we have exhibits So lives. everyday of their part as chology of psy think to people encourage to was things. of different bunch whole a is psychology that show people was do to we wanted that one thing So or therapist. psychologist aclinical become you’re or that to going mind, their read you can that assume automatically they psychology, you’rethat field studying the with isn’t who familiar somebody you tell when that knows psychology in Anyone of psychology. breadth the see to people encourage to was accomplish to wanted we that things of the One museum?” this with accomplish to we do want “What thought, and down we sat instead, So it? tell to one purport to the be to want would who and of psychology, one story be to for there tell to stories many too There’s things. out leave other and things you’re some that include to and going of view, apoint you’rethat take to going You understand have to purposefully. you it do have to of anything, story the tell to you decide anytime that I think to feature inthemuseum? whatHow doyou choose web. of the part all but it’s bad, sometimes good, Sometimes history. in apurpose serves Everything brain. of the of understanding sort that toward us of inching sort was phrenology that Ithink and area, that in creativity and brain, of the area this in lies language that We know Sperry’s. like later research, and localization, brain on research early to relevant quite The other thing that we wanted to do do to wanted we that thing other The Philip Zimbardo. 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We they work with that but we hope visit, to for people sometimes it’s We it. difficult that you see know until “get to it’s it” hard because here way their make can people that hope do we really But exhibits. work to on online starting we are And for you see. to materials scan and remotely people work with will vist archi our and things, certain in interested you’re if decide and online collections our to You at guides look can service. erence ref offsite we have an do or images, ments docu certain in interested are people If thematerials atthemuseum?access gotoAkron whodon’t students How can important part of psychology’s story. psychology’s of part important an They’resuch too. those we included Photo courtesy of the University of Akron. of theUniversity of Photo courtesy attheNationalInteractive testing Museum Psychology. of ------good cup coffee. good of anda running, swimming, Cathy biking, time, enjoys In herfree in 2019. as President theSociety of serve Psychologyof andwill theHistory for Association’s Psychological the American Society Psychology. 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During get to school uate go grad to could who someone as myself in believe to and me, interested that things the explore to of learner, kind my own be me how to but he taught alearner, being enjoyed I’ve always ageneralist. be me to he taught and ageneralist He is Sharpe. Donald was advisor my thesis undergrad, in Iwas When of my career. stage at every a really good mentor. good a really you have when navigate to it’s easier much that think and I navigate, to space difficult a be can academia because them, from you can everything Learn you. in believes who and in believe who you someone find to mentor. out agood It’sseek important to need students Ithink And thing. ant import most the that’s Ithink exploring. and researching, reading, night up all stay to you want makes that of psychology area the find to need you really that I think inthefield? interested whomay orstudents be psychologists you haveDo any aspiring for advice Final andAdvice Remarks psychology. 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Photo Credit: Cathy Faye, Cummings Center for the History of Psychology Find Your Career in Psychology

With the creation of Psi Chi’s new Career Center, our Professional Organization is now better equipped to make a direct impact on your career path than ever before. All Career Center features are free for our Job Seekers whether you are just considering a career in psychology or already have considerable experience in your field.

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Visit www.psichi.org/?RES_CareersInPsych PRACTICING Quantitative Psychology (FROM AN AERIAL CIRCUS TRAPEZE!?) With Amanda Montoya, PhD Amanda Montoya, PhD, University of California, Los Angeles Bradley Cannon, Psi Chi Central Office

ave you ever had a psychology-related question on your mind that you weren’t quite sure how to empirically explore? Not to worry! A quantitative psychologist can help. According to Dr. Amanda Montoya, quantitative psychology is “a research area which focuses on developing and assessing statistical Hmethods, research designs, and measurement practices used in psychology research. Typically, a quantitative psychologist doesn’t have a specific goal in terms of studying ‘human behavior’ but rather focuses on a statistical method and its uses.” GET THIS! By day, Dr. Montoya is an assistant professor at the University of California, Los Angeles. But by night, she practices aerial circus arts twice a week. She says this is a really physically demanding activity that requires a lot of concentration. “I really find it’s a great way to push myself and try new and artistic things that otherwise would not be part of my normal life. I also do competitive cosplay, play board games, rock climb, and I play in a band. I take the ‘work hard, play hard’ mentality very seriously.” Specifically, Dr. Montoya focuses her research on mediation and moderation analysis, which is used for exploring how and when certain effects occur, and can be used across different areas of psychology like social, developmental, clinical, etc. In this interview, she will enlighten you on the ever-changing study of quantitative methods. (She’ll share career advice too, in case you’d like to pursue a future in quantitative psychology!) We at Psi Chi are appreciative of her willingness to answer our questions. Thank you, Dr. Montoya, for making quantitative psychology significantly and statistically awesome, p < .001, d = 2.0!

22 EYE ON PSI CHI SPRING 2019 COPYRIGHT © 2019 PSI CHI Credit:Photo iStockphoto.com/Slanapotam "We had a lot of students in quantitative psychology beat out statistics students for internships because of their communication s k i l l s."

LET’S START WITH AN EASY ONE: HOW DID WHAT SORT OF JOBS ARE AVAILABLE work for testing companies (ETS, College YOU BECOME INTERESTED IN THIS FIELD? FOR QUANTITATIVE PSYCHOLOGISTS? Board) or government agencies. Some stu- I suppose it all started in my Research Quantitative psychology is the only area dents also stay at the university and help Methods class in undergrad. We all of psychology where we have more jobs with institutional research. Anywhere that were assigned to groups and did our than students within academia, which collects data (especially data from people) own (very small study). Our group was is pretty crazy. In 2006, the American could use a quantitative psychologist. looking at how parenting style predicted Psychological Association put together WHAT ACADEMIC AND EXTRACURRICULAR PATH college stress. We had three measures of a task force to deal with this problem because it was so bad (Aiken et al., 2009). SHOULD STUDENTS TAKE WHO ARE INTERESTED parenting style (authoritative, permissive, IN BECOMING QUANTITATIVE PSYCHOLOGISTS? and authoritarian). We only knew how So, within the area, it’s not that unusual to think you can have a career as a professor. I got really into quant because I worked in to do t tests (comparing two groups), so I We also have a ton of students going a research lab as an undergrad; I had the spent hours in Microsoft Excel trying to into industry because data science is in opportunity to do data analysis and think create some sort of grouping system based such demand. Our students are versed in about how data is collected. That type of on these three measures. I eventually statistics, programming, and communica- experience is key. I would highly recom- took what I did to my teacher, Dr. Ann tion, and that last one sets them apart from mend finding some sort of undergraduate Voorhies (University of Washington). students coming from statistics and bio- research experience, and the closer you She said I might be interested in this statistics programs in particular. We had a can get to the data, the better. thing called “cluster analysis,” which does lot of students in quantitative psychology Academically, a strong math back- exactly that (creates groups based on a beat out statistics students for internships ground looks really good. Most students variety of measures) and introduced me to because of their communication skills. come in with some calculus, ideally quantitative psychology. Many students, especially those who multivariate calculus, and anything with I really owe her a lot! From there I was specialize in modeling, go into the tech matrices (matrix algebra, linear analysis) hooked. I got really curious about what industry (Google, Facebook, YouTube), looks really good. I minored in math as you could do with statistics and how they insurance, or banking. Students who have an undergrad, but that is not required in could be applied to psychological data. more of a measurement focus tend to any way.

Photo Credit: iStockphoto.com/Guzaliia Filimonova Credit:Photo iStockphoto.com/Guzaliia COPYRIGHT © 2019 PSI CHI SPRING 2019 EYE ON PSI CHI 23 FIELDS OFPSYCHOLOGY terms of their research problem. problem. research of their terms in means number each what understand them helping and researchers with down sitting alot of time Ispend useful? it really is results, the interpret actually you can’t if but model, statistical crazy some estimate to fun it’s really Sometimes interpretation. they’re asking. that question the test can that model astatistical create to order in not expect does and does researcher the what down meetings—drilling of my consulting part hardest the maybe is This specifically. very question research your form to able being is of this part Amajor on myself. working I’m still one’s it’sskill a This tough, AND BACK AGAIN? METHODS PROBLEMSRESEARCH TO STATISTICAL TO TRANSLATETHEIR ABILITY REAL-LIFE STRENGTHEN HOW RESEARCHERS CAN school. graduate into have it coming already students if but it’s strength ahuge not required, It’s on. Icaught so and program me to on teaching focused but my advisor R, and SPSS with experience alittle just with cold, pretty in Icame program. to learn to need students so simulations, computer done using is research Much of our strength. abig is type of any experience I suppose that’s why I think Ithink why that’s I suppose on a focus is really side other The programming or science Computer of that analysis, it’s labeled as exploratory. exploratory. as it’s labeled analysis, of that results the we report when that, important but it’s exciting, and fun really is ration explo Data data. your explore to you start when clear it really It makes data. your you get before analysis your do to going how you’re about you think to forces also It plan. that with you helps stick it really because of aplan record have apublished to helps work for. It really consulting I do it anyone to recommending strongly also I’m collaborations. and research stantive of my sub all with this doing I’ve started you accountable. It keeps data. collecting before plan analysis and research your of record apublic you create when is which preregistration, pushing I’m really THEIR FINDINGS? AND DESIGNS ANALYSESTHEIR RESEARCH OF OF OUT KEEPING FOR PERSONAL BIASES TIPS ARE PASSIONATE ABOUT. YOU DO HAVE ANY STUDY TOPICS OFTEN THEY RESEARCHERS fields. other in collaborators off on our rub we also hopefully and psychology, quantitative in training of our That’scorepart a analysis. you’re when an doing means?” this what Iknow “Do yourself ask peer). Constantly (from amentor or feedback and practice is of this part Amajor part. “translation” that in specialize who people you need important: so is psychology quantitative My other recommendation is for is recommendation My other - - which relies on null hypothesis testing testing hypothesis on null relies which statistics,” “frequentist what’s called learn you class, statistics undergraduate an take you when Typically, statistics. Bayesian on emphasis increased the in changes exciting most me one to of the I suppose STANDARDS PAST THE FROM YEARS? FEW NOTABLE AND CHANGES INPRACTICES CONSTANTLY EVOLVING. WHAT ARE SOME QUANTITATIVE SEEM TO METHODS BE research. more replicable conduct help us will think, I things, These training. their of part as replications conducting students for graduate push abig see to hoping am I and reviews, tenure in practices science open include to proposals seen I’ve already change. will system incentive the hopeful Iam jobs. their keep to want they because corners cut people so assessed), not easily is of which (the quality research” “produce butto truth” not “find to is incentive the now Right that. do field the helps research replicable conducting and world, real the more about learn to Iwant because tist or “wow factor.” I’m ascien surprise the over claims of our truth the valuing start it is. that than true it’s not that we now have more evidence argue might people some And or not. true it’s if have no idea we just means which isn’t replicable, textbooks Psychology Intro our Much of what’s in perspective. into put things has but it really ation, exagger an be may Which wrong!” is Iknow “Everything moment like this of had kind we all psychology, in light to came of replication issues the When know. we what in more confidence we have that is thing major the I think THATRESEARCH IS REPLICABLE? WHAT IS IMPACT THE OFCONDUCTING SPSP, see 2014).Simohnson; Uri from this Istole (I think wrong are they that convinced be to collect to need would they people how many them ask Iusually analysis, apower do me to asks someone When planning. size sample with especially about, think to people encourage to Ilike something that’s So, wrong. we for are when criteria any make but don’t we’re that right, for evidence We’re wrong. they’re looking that often themselves convince to astudy from see to need would they what about themselves with of agreement sort some where) make or else (in to apreregistration researchers Replicable research practices mean we mean practices research Replicable COPYRIGHT ©2019 PSI CHI COPYRIGHT - - -

Photo Credit: iStockphoto.com/DrAfter123 FIELDS OF PSYCHOLOGY

and creating confidence intervals. The is going to be a great resource for students have a really hard time under- people trying to learn new skills. WHAT OFTEN IGNORED RESEARCH standing the interpretation of a p value FINDING BUGS YOU THE MOST? because it’s this really weird theoretical IN WHAT WAYS HAS THE STUDY OF QUANTITATIVE PSYCHOLOGY INFLUENCED I think a lot of my research pet peeves come “what if” statement. Bayesian statistics is YOU AND YOUR PERSONAL RESEARCH? from dieting or nutrition research. People have very straight forward from a theoretical In general, I think it’s given me a lot a really hard time with the idea that eating perspective. The idea is that you make of versatility. A big part of my job is cholesterol doesn’t necessarily raise your some guess ahead of time about how prob- consulting, so someone comes to me able different events might be, and then cholesterol (and other similar findings). Having with a statistics problem, and I have you use that information in combination recently moved to Los Angeles where everyone to learn a little bit about what they’re with your data, to make a statement about seems to be peddling raw/organic/natural foods trying to do substantively in order to how probable the events are now (your without much care for what that does or means communicate with them about what for your body is a huge frustration to me. But, “prior” + your data). Much more straight to do statistically. forward. I’ve worked with all types of maybe I just like rationalizing eating ice cream? The major advance that’s happened researchers (maybe the most “out Who knows. recently is in computing. Bayesian sta- there” was a team of entomologists). tistics were just not possible for complex It means I have to think creatively FAVORITE USE (OR MISUSE) OF situations until computers got really good and be willing to meet people QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH IN A FILM, NOVEL, OR TELEVISION SHOW? and fast, so it’s become this new exciting where they are. I like being able to tool (even though the ideas have been dabble in things, and I think this I guess I’ll pick on the show Numbers, even around for a long time). I’m really looking experience has really helped me be though I used to watch it religiously. The thing forward to a generation of students who open to exploring new things. I think about being a statistician is that we focus are taught both methods and to see how previously I might have said “well on variability and error. In that show, every they incorporate each approach in differ- that’s not my area” but now I don’t calculation is done with absolutely no margin ent situations. I think about these things really mind that; if I’m curious about of error. He’s always like “Given the guy on the like tools, rather than philosophies, so I something, I’ll explore it. bike was riding this direction at this speed, and think it will just expand what’s possible the car hit him at this angle at this speed, his for data analysis. References missing tooth should have landed right HERE.” Aiken, L. S., Aguinis, H., Appelbaum, M., Boodoo, G. M., Edwards, WHAT ARE SOME SHORTCOMINGS IN CURRENT M. C., Gonzalez, R. D., . . . Patelis, T. (2009). Report of the Ridiculous. QUANTITATIVE METHODS? AND HOW ARE task force for increasing the number of quantitative YOU AND OTHER RESEARCHERS WORKING TO psychologists. American Psychological Association. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/science/leadership/ PAST PSI CHI MEMORIES CORRECT OR ADVANCE THESE METHODS? bsa/quantitative/index.aspx OR EXPERIENCES? I think the major shortcoming in quan- Society for Personality and Social Psychology. (2014, June 5). Uri I went to a Psi Chi event at the University of Simonhson-SPSP 2014 session on defining research integrity titative methods is the education gap. [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/ Washington when I was in undergrad called There’s a lot of research and expansion watch?v=HzE9HtOX_sE “Pizza With the Professor.” They would invite in methods, but there’s not enough being different professors to come and talk about their done to help people learn and apply these Amanda Montoya, PhD, is an careers and how they got there. I remember methods in an informed and responsible assistant professor of going when Dr. Tony Greenwald was speaking. way. One of the things that I do is spend a psychology (Quantitative Area) He told this story about how he went to lot of time teaching. I teach at conferences at the University of California, and I teach independent statistics work- Los Angeles. She grew up in graduate school because he was worried about Seattle, WA, and will always be getting drafted and he wasn’t even particularly shops, and I really try to improve applied a lover of outdoor activities and researchers’ knowledge about the analyses quality coffee. Amanda started interested in psychology at the time. It was that I research. Mediation analysis is her academic pursuits at North Seattle Community maybe the first time I realized professors are something that’s misused a lot, so I really College and completed her bachelors in psychology at just people, and a lot of life is chance. try to teach a conscientious mindset when the University of Washington in 2013. Drs. Sapna Cheryan and Allison Master served as her mentors for her using the analysis. undergraduate thesis on using group work to encourage FAVORITE QUANTITATIVE My advisor, Andrew Hayes, and women’s interest in computer science. During college, METHOD? AND WHY? others really share this mentality of she worked as a stage manager for small theater and I was recently in a meeting and we were all teaching focus, so we see quantitative dance productions. Amanda completed her masters in χ2 statistics and masters in psychology at Ohio State in 2016 talking about how much we love (chi-square) psychologists publishing more tutorials and her PhD in psychology in 2018 studying under Dr. tests. They were the one test in intro stat that and publishing in substantive journals. Andrew Hayes. Her research focuses on developing you actually felt okay calculating by hand. I’m statistical methods for questions which address “how” Psychological Methods has recently imple- also particularly attached to χ2 tables, because mented a tutorial section that I think and “when” certain effects occur, particularly with data collected repeatedly from the same individuals. She also you can calculate almost any other statistical has been really helpful. There is a new 2 has a strong focus in meta-science: studying how table from a χ table, which I think is just so cool. journal, Advances in Methods and Practice science is done, with an eye toward replication, in Psychological Science, that I believe meta-analysis, and open science practices.

COPYRIGHT © 2019 PSI CHI SPRING 2019 EYE ON PSI CHI 25 But Do You Want "You " to Talk About It? See With Jennifer Richeson, PhD Jennifer Richeson, PhD, Yale University Race , Joseph Dyson, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga

ace is complicated and noticed—but it is often the fastest route One of your main points is that “Diversity sometimes uncomfortable to to engaging in thoughts that facilitate can be challenging.” How so, and can discuss. It’s often a topic that stereotyping, discrimination, and thus diversity be more or less difficult for is avoided at all costs. One racial disparities. Indeed, if you don’t people depending on the circumstances? strategy that people adopt in acknowledge race, you can’t assess the Diversity necessarily means that people order to avoid discussing this subject is to presence (or absence) of racial discrimina- with different backgrounds, experiences, Rclaim that they are “colorblind” and that tion or disparities based on race. Well, if and perspectives are brought together. For they “don’t see race.” you don’t assess or acknowledge such dis- some, this may be the first time that you However, Dr. Jennifer Richeson parities, you certainly can’t do anything realize that other people even have differ- embraces the idea of discussing race. A about them. ent experiences, customs, and practices professor of psychology at Yale University, and that they may not view the world in Dr. Richeson has dedicated her career to Can you explain how you came to support the same way as you. This can be threat- studying intergroup relations and how multiculturalism over colorblindness? ening, as long-held and perhaps cherished racial dynamics affect the larger society. The research suggests that colorblindness beliefs about how the world works could Her work on the subject has been featured is unrealistic, in terms of actually not now be up for (re)investigation. Even if a new experience with a diverse group is not in academic journals and mainstream noticing racial categories. This mindset is threatening per se, it could be uncomfort- media publications alike. counter-productive in terms of facilitating able, as people may need to rethink what Dr. Richeson is Psi Chi’s Distinguished unbiased decisions, reducing the expres- the norms should be. Typically, however, Lecturer for the upcoming 2019 EPA sion of prejudice, and promoting positive the discomfort dissipates the longer you Convention. To further educate Psi Chi interracial interactions. Multiculturalism are in the context, assuming people don’t members, she kindly took some time out is not without fault either, according to research—it can increase stereotyping for bolt due to the discomfort. of her busy schedule to answer our ques- instance. In other words, not noticing and tions about race, the supposedly impend- In a past interview, you mentioned that acknowledging race is quite harmful, but ing “minority-majority,” and more. you became interested in racial dynamics of course so too is putting too much focus while you were in school. Was there a Why do people often get antsy when on race/ethnicity, especially when there is moment in your life or school that made race is discussed, especially those who no need to do so and/or the intention is to you want to do what you do now? ascribe to a more color-blind philosophy? discriminate! In other words, there are no This is too long of an answer for one ques- Mostly because they have been told, easy ways forward, but the one that people tion, but it is a good way to reinforce what quite erroneously, that noticing race think is a panacea—colorblindness—is I was saying in response to the previous or mentioning racial categories is itself simply not effective at reducing discrimi- question. When you find yourself in a racist. This is simply not true. And fur- nation, at best, and can be detrimental as racially, ethnically, or really any kind of ther, pretending not to notice is not only mentioned previously (e.g., keeping people diverse context, it is likely that you will nearly impossible—your brain has already blind to discrimination and disparities). think about your own identities in new

and/or different ways. This was the case White + something else (i.e., multiracial As someone who researches intergroup for me, as I first went to an almost all- individuals) as non-White. This is a relations and race for your career, what White school and then to a predominantly choice. Similarly, this projection depends are some misconceptions that you often Black school, and began to notice the on assumptions about immigration and hear about your work and your field? relationship between race and academic births/deaths as a function of race. In I think that people don’t really understand expectations for the first time. In addition, other words, the projection itself is based that race is socially constructed not bio- I was very involved in ballet at the time, on fairly shaky ground, and the “major- logical. That belief is still very pervasive. It is also fairly unknown that these types of which gave me another look into how race ity-minority” is basically a bankrupt issues can be studied experimentally and may shape interests and opportunities idea that causes more harm than anyone scientifically. to participate if not excel in different expected. What can we do? We can decide domains of life. Much like how going not worry about it. To recognize that a If students are interested in this area of to a difficult country often opens one’s United States in which White Americans research, what classes should they take eyes to how others perceive one’s nation/ are less than 50% of the population—yet or extracurricular activities can they nationality and may even lead people to still the most numerous racial group—is participate in? think about their national identity for the nothing to fear. That, America has an These topics are studied quite extensively first time, having experiences in diverse in social and personality psychology, spaces can help bring a level of but also in sociology, and even awareness about the role of race/ somewhat in political science and ethnicity in one’s own life and in economics. And, of course, all of society at large. the work is related to history and African American studies/ethnic How did growing up in a studies. In other words, there are predominantly White community affect your career choice? many routes to learn more about race and racism! Honestly, I don’t think that it did, or at least not directly. Probably Where do you expect your field the most influential factor in my of research to go next? What big decision to become a university questions would you like to see professor was going to a predom- tackled? inantly White college and having Luckily, the best part of my job almost no Black professors. Then, is that I don’t know! I get to I encountered a Black female follow the questions that inspire professor, who also happened to me. Certainly, some of my work be a psychologist, and she opened will be focused on how to foster my eyes to the possibility of this diverse environments without the opportunity to become the racially/ career for people like me. Indeed, much types of backlash we often see. This will ethnically, religiously diverse democratic of why I am still working on a university aid in the emergence and maintenance of campus is to stand for what is possible for nation that it promises to be. We have an a diverse and democratic United States in other students—students from all races, opportunity to live up to our ideals. which all Americans feel a sense of trust, investment, and belonging. and of all backgrounds. You noted that being around diverse kinds Who were some of your mentors, and of people can lessen fears of the minority- majority. And yet, you have also found that how did they help you in your career? Jennifer Richeson, PhD, is the Philip throwing people into a situation where The list is far too long to relay here, R. Allen Professor of Psychology at Yale they have to interact with a diverse set University. She earned her ScB from but I have been very lucky to have had of people isn’t always going to create Brown University in 1994 and PhD from extraordinary mentors throughout my racially unanxious people either. Are there Harvard University in 2000. Richeson career, and I continue to benefit from such ways to ensure that diversity encounters studies the social psychology of mentoring. produce positive results? cultural diversity. Much of her recent work examines consequences of the It has been predicted that non-Whites will Nope! Well, no way to ensure that rising racial/ethnic diversity of the nation. She also investigates outnumber Whites by 2050, thus creating encounters with people from different how people reason about and respond to different forms of backgrounds will lead to more positive societal inequality and the implications of such processes for a “majority-minority.” How do you see detecting, confronting, and coping with injustice. Professor America reacting to this? What can we do outcomes (e.g., more positive racial Richeson is a fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, and to ensure a positive transition? attitudes). But, engaging with individuals her research has been recognized with numerous awards I actually don’t think it is likely to occur from different backgrounds long enough including the MacArthur Foundation “Genius” Fellowship and then, if at all. This date is a projection, and substantively enough to overcome the APA Distinguished Scientific Award for Early Career Contributions. Through her teaching and research, she hopes to and any number of factors are involved anxiety and discomfort and recognize our contribute to a better understanding of intergroup relations in generating it, including a decision common humanity is one way to engender including how best to foster culturally diverse environments that to count anyone who says that they are more positive intergroup relations. are both cohesive and just.

ave you walked into a himself by carefully observing the habits “Everything in a store, fast food store and experienced a of shoppers and the trends of the shopping restaurant, bank, or airport is done for bit of sensory overload? world. Some factors have stayed constant, a specific reason. The idea of what do I Colors fill your field of but others have changed dramatically put next to what, what is on what shelf, vision. Theatrical lighting since he started his research in the where are the signs, what information is makes those apples look so much better in mid-1980s. on the signs, to what degree am I making Hstore than they will look in your kitchen. One consistent truth throughout the lighting choices? Somebody has thought There’s a pleasant aroma in the air that decades is the importance of customers through all of those details with the starts your saliva glands working. And actually interacting with the product that intention of presenting something in the there’s a faint melody coming from the they’re considering buying. This is some- best possible light,” he explains. “It is an speaker system of an old favorite tune. thing that many researchers ignore when endlessly fascinating meeting of art and None of this is done on accident. Paco they take the myopic view of shopping, science.” Underhill would tell you that every aspect which Underhill says is “the very poignant of that store has been planned to make issue of people walking in the door, The Changing World you want to buy. walking in the aisle, standing in front of a of Online Shopping Over the course of 35 years, Underhill product, picking it up and putting it back Shopping trends continue to evolve has risen from a graduate student in on the shelf, and not buying it.” Too much since Paco got his start in the 1980s. The Urban Geography to the CEO of a global retail research is focused on success and Internet and visual media are altering retail consulting company, Envirosell. His not failures. how people view the world, “Our visual career choice was decided in the summer Underhill started in the field of shop- language is now evolving faster than of 1974 in a lecture hall at Columbia ping with a fascination for two different our spoken and written word, thanks to University in New York, where the things, “First of all is how do I watch what movies and the Internet. How we funda- eminent American urbanist William H. happens.” The second is knowing what mentally see things and process visual White gave a lecture about public spaces, can you do with that information to make information has changed drastically over and how to measure their effectiveness. As a difference. Over the past 35 years, Paco the last 25 years.” Paco remembers, “I walked out of that lec- and his team have used more than one This quickly evolving visual language ture knowing what I wanted to do for the thousand different measures to decipher has even changed Maslow’s famous “hier- rest of my life. White basically turned the shopping behaviors. Envirosell, his firm, is archy of needs,” according to Underhill. engine on and it’s been up and running a testing agency for prototype stores and “Connectivity" has joined Maslow’s from that moment forward.” bank branches with assignments in 46 hierarchy of needs. If I took away your Underhill has made a name for different countries around the world. phone, you’d be devastated. And just like

28 EYE ON PSI CHI SPRING 2019 COPYRIGHT © 2019 PSI CHI PeopleImages Credit:Photo iStockphoto.com/ warmth, nour- ishment, and sex, connectivity is highly Join Us to Explore the Endless Applications of important, and we Psychological Science in the Real World! can see it all around us.” Underhill doesn’t The theme for SWPA 2019 in Albuquerque, New Mexico this April is Psychology: have to go far to see From the Lab to the Labyrinth–Bridging the Gap Between the Highly Controlled an example of this Conditions of the Laboratory and the Uncontrolled Conditions in the Real World. What dependence on connectivity. a challenge! When I first heard this theme, I immediately thought of psychological He sees it every day: “When I look out scientists and practitioners struggling to connect the science of the laboratory to the art my second-floor office window in New of practice while maintaining the integrity of the science. This small group of committed York City, it seems that half of the people translational scientists have developed fantastic psychological technologies. walking down the street are staring into However, as I continued to ponder this theme, I could not get past the fact that the their phones.” work of the translational scientists is not the typical route for psychological principles to However, Paco is hesitant to anoint move from the control of the lab to the busy streets of the real world. Rather, professionals full-time online shopping as the future in marketing, business, economics, entertainment, healthcare, law, politics, and of retail. As he explains, only 10% to technology are exposed to psychological concepts, apply these concepts to their work 15% of all sales currently happen online. domain, and then these applications penetrate and permeate throughout their fields. Although online shopping will be an inte- Psychological science is now integrated into almost all aspects of the human experience gral part of the future, Underhill points by this transmission through working professionals. out some of the limitations of online In seeking a Distinguished Lecturer for the Southwestern Region’s Psi Chi shopping, saying that “a limited number programming at SWPA 2019, I wanted a professional whose work demonstrated the of American families can accept an online indirect transmission of psychological research from laboratory to labyrinth and whose purchase at their home or at their office work provides ideas that can impact the way we conduct psychological science in the real during the working day.” world. Because so much of our science enters the real world through the translation of This can be a problem in big cities like these professionals, I wanted to represent their work at our conference. Underhill’s stomping grounds of New York City, “If you live in NYC and you I immediately thought of Mr. Paco Underhill, CEO of Envirosell, Inc., and author of don’t live in a doorman building, then Why We Buy and Call of the Mall. For me, Paco Underhill’s career exemplifies the 2019 there is no way for someone to put a box SWPA theme. Mr. Underhill built his company on the application of research methods, at your front door that will be there when direct observation strategies, and psychological principles. His analysis of consumer you get home. The same is true with a lot behavior in the real world including grocery stores, malls, and online shopping is of suburban settings.” Paco notes that “we systematic, data driven, and built on a desire to understand the myriad of factors that have to recognize 40% of people moving influence consumer behavior. Mr. Underhill’s work demonstrates the power—and the through a shopping mall have done some challenges—of taking psychology from the laboratory into the real world. I hope you will preshopping online.” The role of the inter- join us at the convention this year to discuss this fascinating and important subject! net and our phones in how we consume Sincerely, information is continuing to evolve. Shawn R. Charlton, PhD Therefore, Paco believes that, rather University of Central Arkansas than online shopping being the “end-all be-all” of shopping, it can be the first part of a process. He says, “we are accessing information online, and that information could be about a product, or it could be about pricing. And we are using that to be able to quantify our decisions. If you look at the online merchant, how many online merchants are now opening brick and mortar stores? Part of what they’re letting you do is see, touch, hear and smell, and it is the fulfillment that happens online.” Another issue that Paco grapples with is the changing roles of women in the modern world. This requires a huge shift in the retail world because “we live in a world that is historically designed by men, managed by men, owned by men, and yet our most important customer is female.

Photo Credit: iStockphoto.com/ PeopleImages, iStockphoto.com/mspoint PeopleImages, Credit:Photo iStockphoto.com/ COPYRIGHT © 2019 PSI CHI DISTINGUISHED LECTURER DISTINGUISHED between being appealing on a global level, level, on aglobal appealing being between war the is retail modern in issue Another The Shopping Globalizationof atool.” as it is what more about and atechnology as it is what about less it’s So of it is. impact the what to as works, how something in interested less be to tend women That’sbecause women. to ogy technol how sell is to clients technology and merchant of our work on for many we that “one things says of the Underhill of technology. piece same the view women how to and men it comes when psychology in differences the to adjust have to will retailers of needs, hierarchy of Maslow’s part amore integral becomes on people’s has behavior?” time that effect the is what and it, understand How we do workers. and wives, mothers, often are who women, particularly life, amultitasking living all “we are out that 21st of He the points century.” strategies design the to issue acritical is friendly female something makes what of idea The According to Underhill, as technology technology as Underhill, to According - talking about retail. Somebody gives me me gives Somebody retail. about talking to shopping, about talking to malls, shopping about “move talking to from he tends as vary lectures of these topics The between. in places and University Tokyo Yale the from to world, the around local?’” stay also but It ‘How global is I get do boots. their in quaking giants global of the many has that things one of the that’s you? Ithink economy, wouldn’t local your support and beer You local the you pick take? would one would which Life, High aMiller ing drink and hometown, own your in made was that abeer drinking between choice information?” that with do to we going are what and local, as we do understand what and or universal, national as understand we do “What question, following the to lead differences Those differences.” some have Mexico New Albuquerque, in shops someone that way the and Connecticut, Stanford, in shops someone that way “the because is this that says Underhill level. on alocal relevant staying still also while Paco lectures frequently at universities at universities frequently lectures Paco the you had “if this, it like He frames - Envirosell ayear ontheroad. hespends atleast 120 nights Inc., world. HeandhisTurkish live inNewYork wife of theCEO City. As programs andMBA schools the design across inboth used andis languages in28 isout book WhyKorea. We Buy—hisfirst andEhwa inSeoul, attended Columbia University University undergraduate Vassar isfrom healso degree but College, never imagined you would go.” would you imagined never you’d that you somewhere take and skills, and passion your takes that something you find will of way chance the in getting by Only of way chance. the in put yourself and door. Youcity to to a go big need often door,back front a door, aside often and a has profession “Every advice: following the he has for themselves, aname make to want or just footsteps, his in follow to wish who people young for aspiring for advice As think.” people make Ican then laugh, people make Ican if that edutainment, in Ibelieve Iwork on it. and assignment, an Academy, His highschool. to finish Milton boardingAmerican school, in.Hewaslived senthometo an thechangingand understand worldhe process, to look, onhiseyes he relied astutter with someone the world.As diplomatAmerican andgrew up across Paco Underhill an isthesonof

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COPYRIGHT © 2019 PSI CHI SPRING 2019 EYE ON PSI CHI 31 Can Psychology Majors Prepare for a Career in Business? Part II: Actual, Specific, and Potential Employability See Part I at https://psichi.com/HOPE

Drew C. Appleby, PhD Professor Emeritus of Psychology Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis

Are any psychology majors actually employed in business careers? What specific business careers can I enter with a bachelor’s degree in psychology? How can a major in psychology increase my potential to enter and succeed in a business career?

career in business is the (b) create an effective and flexible plan in business careers?” The answer to this most often reported occu- to attain this goal, and (c) display the question is yes. But a simple yes is not pational field for psychol- energy and determination necessary to going to convince many people, especially ogy majors whose highest both begin and to carry out this plan a psychology major like yourself who degree is the bachelor’s. to its completion. In the present article, has been trained to doubt the validity of If this career path is one you would like I’m going to address the first three of six answers that have no empirical data to Ato pursue, then this series will provide challenges that you will encounter if you support them. Luckily for you, there is you with the information, strategies, are interested in using your psychology strong empirical evidence that a major motivation, and confidence you will need degree to prepare yourself for a business in psychology can and does prepare to pursue and accomplish this goal in a career: Actual, Specific, and Potential students for a wide range of occupational successful manner. Employability. options regardless of whether or not they In the previous installment, I iden- are one of the 46% of psychology majors tified the challenges that you may face Actual Employability who either immediately or eventually as you begin the process of convincing The first portion of the challenge you continue their education in graduate or yourself and others that your plan to use 1 face when you attempt to convince professional school (Carnevale, Cheah, & your psychology major to prepare yourself yourself and other important people in Hanson, 2015). for a career in business is both feasible and your life that your psychology major A recent report from the American wise. I also introduced you to the concept can prepare you for a career in business Psychological Association’s Center for of “hope,” which positive psychologist is what I call Actual Employability. The Workforce Studies (2015) based on U.S. C. R. Snyder (1994) has described as a actual in Actual Employability is at Census Bureau data representing an esti- “dynamic cognitive motivational system” the heart of a very important and very mated 1,793,725 individuals with at least a that can provide you with the ability to reasonable question, which is: “Are any bachelor's degree in psychology confirmed (a) create a clear and realistic goal, psychology majors actually employed the occupational versatility of a major

32 EYE ON PSI CHI SPRING 2019 COPYRIGHT © 2019 PSI CHI Dolmatov Credit:Photo iStockphoto.com/Vasyl in psychology by listing the following can be a very confident “Yes.” And, if you employed on the first Monday after you occupational areas in which these individ- are asked to provide data to support your graduate. uals report they were employed: business, answer, you can reply that two thirds Saying you want to be in business or management, sales, office support, social of all psychology majors whose highest sales or management is not an accept- services, education, health care, social sci- degree is a bachelor’s report that they are able answer to this question. I created ence, and computer science. Smaller num- engaged in business activities. Now that a resource for my students titled An bers of psychology majors reported they we have determined that a substantial Online Career-Exploration Resource for were employed as engineers, mathemati- number of psychology majors are—in Psychology Majors so they could provide cians, statisticians, life scientists, physical fact—employed in business careers, it is a convincing and honest answer to this scientists, and architects, or worked in time to turn our attention to the specific question (Appleby, 2018). This resource other occupations fields such as law, con- areas of business you can prepare to enter consists of more than 2,400 hotlinks you struction, production, agriculture, or arts with a bachelor’s degree in psychology. can use to explore 300 careers organized and entertainment. The results of further into 15 broad occupational categories research by APA’s Center for Workforce Specific Employability that psychology majors can prepare to Studies (2016), based on data from the Once you have used the data I enter. Persons employed in 56 of these National Science Foundation, revealed 2 provided in the previous section to careers are psychologists who must hold that 66% of the 1.3 million individuals convince yourself and others that many the appropriate graduate degree. The whose highest degree in psychology is psychology majors are actually employed remaining 244 psychology-related careers a bachelor’s report that their primary in careers that involve business activities, (i.e., those that require the demonstration job was in one the following five fields: your next challenge will be to create a of psychological knowledge and skills, sales, professional services, employee precise answer to the question, “What but which do not carry the title of psy- relations, accounting/finance/contracts, specific business careers can I enter with chologist) are divided almost equally into and management/supervision. All of these a bachelor’s degree in psychology?” The two categories: those that can be entered qualify as business careers because they word specific in this question requires you with a bachelor’s degree and those that all involve the activities that meet the defi- to provide specific job titles (e.g., Assistant require a graduate degree. When you nition of business (i.e., “making, buying, Bank Manager, Media Buyer, and access this resource at https://psichi.com/ or selling goods or providing services in Pharmaceutical Sales Representative), not PsychCareers, you will discover that it exchange for money”) from the Merriam- just an overarching occupational category contains the following 25 titles of specific Webster Dictionary. (e.g., business) or a broad area of business jobs for which you can prepare to enter In conclusion, your answer to the (e.g., sales, management, or finance) when with a bachelor’s degree in psychology question “Are any psychology majors you are questioned about the specific that I have categorized into four broad actually employed in business careers?” career in which you want to find yourself areas of business.

Although there are undoubtedly more careers that you think my resource should than just these 25 business-related jobs contain—or more hotlinks to careers that 1. Management open to psychology majors—and some it already contains—please contact me at • Assistant Bank Manager of these jobs may have different titles in [email protected].) different organizations—this list provides • Department Manager a good starting point for you to begin Potential Employability • Customer Service Representative exploring specific business careers by After you use the online resource Supervisor clicking on the hotlinks that follow each 3 I described in the previous section • Claims Supervisor career, which will take you to a variety of to identify, explore, and narrow the set of • General Operations Manager reputable online sources that can provide specific business-related careers that are you with answers to the following import- attractive to you, your next step will be to • Loss Prevention Manager ant questions about these jobs. create a convincing and well-supported • Medical and Health Services Manager • What tasks are workers in this career answer to the question, “How can a major • Training and Development Manager expected to perform? in psychology increase my potential to enter and succeed in a business career?” • Training and Development Specialist • What knowledge, skills, and characteristics (KSCs) are important Many factors will determine your ability • Management Analyst for success in this career? to obtain and thrive in the career to which you aspire. Perhaps the most important of • What types of job training or these is whether or not you possess—and education is required to enter this are willing and able to demonstrate—the career? KSCs that people employed in this career • How much money do people report they need to perform their duties in 2. Advertising, Marketing, employed in this career earn? and Public Relations a competent manner. • How many people are employed in You can increase your “potential” to • Advertising Sales Representative/ this career? attain your chosen career by performing Agent/Executive • What is the projected need for this a careful analysis of that career to deter- • Media Buyer career in the future? mine its unique constellation of important KSCs by utilizing the Occupational • Public Relations Representative • What other occupations are related to Information Network (also known as • Customer Service Representative this career? O*NET), which is a truly remarkable • Market Research Analyst This online resource can provide online career-exploration resource main- you with the information you will need tained by the Employment and Training to create and give a very specific answer Administration division of the United to the question, “What specific business States Department of Labor. O*NET careers can I enter with a psychology (http://www.onetonline.org) is a hotlink 3. Finance degree?” It can also provide you with a listed under many of the careers in my great deal of information about each of online resource described in the previous • Financial Advisor these careers that will help you to decide section. The component of O*NET that is • Fund Raiser which of them would be a good fit for you most important for your ability to under- • Loan Counselor in terms of your own unique set of knowl- stand the KSCs you will need to succeed edge, skills, characteristics, interests, in a particular job is the data gathered • Loan Officer goals, values, and lifestyle preferences. from surveys of professional job analysts • Assistant Bank Manager I recommend that the first informa- and thousands of people who are actually tion you obtain about a career in which employed in that particular occupation you might be interested is the set of tasks who have been asked to provide the KSCs you would be expected to perform if you that are important for success in their jobs were employed in this career. A sure sign (BTW: O*NET uses the term “work styles” 4. Sales of a career that would not be a good fit to refer to characteristics). for you is the discovery that the tasks you To help you begin this process, I used • Pharmaceutical Sales Representative would be required to carry out on a day- O*NET to perform an analysis of 24 of • Realtor or Real Estate Agent to-day basis are those which you could the 25 business careers contained in my • Realtor or Real Estate Broker not perform in a competent manner and/ previous section (Pharmaceutical Sales or that you would not enjoy doing. (BTW: Representative is not listed in O*NET). • Retail Salesperson I have been working on this resource I captured the types of KSCs that both • Sales Representative for almost 30 years and, although I am professional job analysts and those • Purchasing Agent now retired, I am still updating it on a actually employed in these careers report regular basis when I discover new careers are important, and then combined all for you to explore. If you discover other these KSCs into one master list. I then

34 EYE ON PSI CHI SPRING 2019 COPYRIGHT © 2019 PSI CHI Photo Credit: iStockphoto.com/filadendron COPYRIGHT ©2019 PSI CHI COPYRIGHT acategory into KSCs six these fore place Ithere process. hiring the during them you possess that evidence compelling or provide them demonstrate to able be also you must and KSCs, these strengthen education to develop undergraduate and You your use must you fail. to cause with absence their and business in succeed help you will KSCs of these possession the put, Simply chapter. preceding the in listed careers of business categories all employed in are who those and analysts job of professional by 88–100% important as reported are KSCs these because business in career for a prepare to planning you are if ant Characteristics Skills Knowledge KSC.) each attain to use can you strategies specific present I where series of this article next the in given be section—will next the in appear that KSCs those also KSCs—and these detailed (A important. as them listed employees whose careers 24 of the percentage the by followed is KSCs reported frequently most of these Each frequently. most were reported characteristics) two and skills, two of knowledge, (two types six following but the jobs, these in success for important are that KSCs of 43 total a reported sales) and finance, agement, man (i.e., advertising, careers business of these categories four all employed in you aspire. which to career business specific the in thrive and attain to ability your to important equally be will KSCs all not that fact the to my attention brought it and enlightening, very was discovered I What oneappeared. each of how often order descending in KSCs the arranged finally and list, the in it appeared times of number the with KSC each by pairing list of this analysis asimple performed • • • • • • This information is extremely import extremely is information This Integrity Dependability Speaking Listening Active (96%) Language English The (100%) Service Personal and Customer people and analysts job Professional O*NET (88%) (88%) definition for each of of each for definition (92%) (96%) four of the major major the of four

- - - Media than a Department Manager). aDepartment than Media and Communications of knowledge more need will Representative Sales Advertising an and Representative, Sales Advertising an than Resources Human and Personnel about edge more knowl need will Manager (e.g., aDepartment responsibilities and tasks specialized of set a different requires of them each because careers specific sub-types of business-related one in success for essential be certainly most would occupations 24 all employed in by those important as reported not while that, of KSCs sets several Iidentified one another. from them differentiate that KSCs necessary of patterns unique own have their of business types different in careers that understand to important also it is business, in acareer to aspires who for anyone important are KSCs Characteristics Skills Knowledge following. the include KSCs These Business.” in aCareer Enter to Preparing Are Who Majors Psychology for Importance of Secondary Attributes “The titled acategory into KSCs nine these Iplace occupations. listed 33–71% in by employees 24 of the for success important as reported were they because careers business in valuable very still are above, listed KSCs six the as quently fre as reported not while that, in Business.” aCareer Enter to Preparing Are Who Importance of Primary Attributes “The titled • • • • • • • • • Although the two above sets of of sets above two the Although (33%) Effort and Achievement Persistence (33%) Initiative (42%) (50%) Cooperation (67%) Detail to Attention ComprehensionReading (54%) (54%) Thinking Critical (46%) Marketing and Sales (71%) Management and Administration KSCs other several are There for Psychology Majors Majors Psychology for of the following four four following the of - - ,

markets to it apotential employer.) managerialof and how she experience major who haspsychology had this type letter cover a sample andresumé a of provide I’ll this of series, article the next managerial inthe (In past. experience youhaveyou unless had appropriate availablecategory—may notbe to inthe Management those especially Also, aware be that jobs— these of some that require. jobs KSCs these will enable the youto specific develop inastudentposition organization) that (e.g., aninternshipactivities orleadership of education, andengage inthe types inyour participate actively grades, good that youachieve if youcanattain only are These potential jobs jobs. these of youto obtainone qualify will seldom minimum requirements its meeting only by inpsychology degree with abachelor’s Please aware be that graduating simply Important Heads-Up VERY An EYE ON PSI 2019SPRING EYE CHI CAREER PREPARATION 35 CAREER PREPARATION

Management Sales • Computers and Electronics (21%)— • Social Perceptiveness (29%)—Being • Social Perceptiveness (29%)—Being Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, aware of others' reactions, and under- aware of others' reactions and under- chips, electronic equipment, and com- standing why they react as they do. standing why they react as they do. puter hardware and software, including • Judgment and Decision Making • Persuasion (21%)—Persuading others applications and programming. (21%)—Considering the relative costs to change their minds or behavior. • Communications and Media (17%)— and benefits of potential actions to • Service Orientation (21%)—Actively Knowledge of media production, choose the most appropriate one. looking for ways to help people. communication, and dissemination techniques and methods, including • Law and Government (21%)— • Independence (17%)—Developing one's own ways of doing things, guiding alternative ways to inform and entertain Knowledge of laws, legal codes, court oneself with little or no supervision, and via written, oral, and visual media. procedures, precedents, government depending on oneself to get things done. • Negotiation (13%)—Bringing others regulations, executive orders, agency • Negotiation (13%)—Bringing others together and trying to reconcile rules, and the democratic political together and trying to reconcile differences. process. differences. • Personnel and Human Resources In conclusion, it is important to realize (17%)—Knowledge of principles and Finance that your potential to be hired into the procedures for personnel recruitment, • Mathematics (29%)—Knowledge of business career to which you aspire will selection, training, compensation and arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, depend upon whether or not you possess the KSCs that people employed in this benefits, labor relations and negotiation, statistics, and their applications. occupation report are important for and personnel information systems. • Economics and Accounting (17%)— the successful completion of the tasks • Leadership (17%)—Willingness to lead, Knowledge of economic and accounting their jobs require them to perform. The take charge, and offer opinions and principles and practices, financial research on these KSCs I have performed direction. markets, banking, and the analysis and reporting of financial data. with O*NET has yielded two sets of KSCs • Education and Training (16%)— that are necessary for success in virtually Knowledge of the principles and meth- • Computers and Electronics (21%)— Knowledge of circuit boards, processors, all areas of business. I have also suggested ods for curriculum and training design, chips, electronic equipment, and com- that each specific business career will teaching and instruction for individuals puter hardware and software, including have a unique set of required KSCs that and groups, and the measurement of applications and programming. differentiates it from other business training effects. careers. Part III of this series will be to • Negotiation (13%)—Bringing others Advertising introduce you to the concept of Strategic together and trying to reconcile • Persuasion (21%)—Persuading others Employability, which will offer you strate- differences. to change their minds or behavior. gies to develop and strengthen these KSCs.

References Drew C. Appleby, PhD, earned his BA American Psychological Association’s Center for Workforce Studies. from Simpson College in 1969 and his (2015). How many psychology bachelor’s degree holders work in PhD from Iowa State University in 1972. A VERY Important Heads-Up STEM occupations? Monitor on Psychology, 46(5), 17. Retrieved from He chaired Marian University’s http://www.apa.org/monitor/2015/05/datapoint.aspx Psychology Department, was the American Psychological Association’s Center for Workforce Studies. In addition to the business-related Director of Undergraduate Studies in (2016). Datapoint: What do people do with their psychology degrees? the IUPUI Psychology Department, and Monitor on Psychology, 47(6), 12. Retrieved from KSCs I have listed in this article, served as the Associate Dean of the http://www.apa.org/monitor/2016/06/datapoint.aspx it would also be wise for you Appleby, D. C. (2018). An online career-exploration resource for psychology IUPUI Honors College. He used his research on teaching, majors. Society for the Teaching of Psychology. Retrieved from learning, advising, and mentoring to help students develop to familiarize yourself with the http://www.teachpsych.org/resources/Documents/otrp/resources/ academic competence and achieve their career aspirations. He complete list of attributes sought by appleby/3%20-%20An%20Online%20Career-Exploration%20 published over 200 books and articles; made over 600 Resource%20for%20Psychology%20Majors%20-%202018.docx professional presentations (including 29 invited keynote employers in all occupational fields— Carnevale, A. P., Cheah, B., Hanson, A. R. (2015). The economic value of addresses); received 44 institutional, regional, and national college majors. Georgetown University Center on Education and the awards for teaching, advising, mentoring, and service; and was not just business—in new college Workforce. Retrieved from https://www.luminafoundation.org/files/ honored for his contributions to psychology by being named a hires. This information is compiled resources/economic-value-of-college-majors.pdf National Association of Colleges and Employers. (2016). Job outlook fellow of the American Psychological Association and the 30th by the National Association of 2016: The attributes employers want to see on new college graduates’ Distinguished Member of Psi Chi. Over 300 of his students earned Colleges and Employers (NACE), resumes. Retrieved from http://teachpsych.org/resources/ graduate degrees in a wide variety of professional fields, and he Documents/otrp/resources/appleby16students.docx was designated as a mentor by 777 IUPUI psychology majors, 222 and you can access it at Synder, C. R. (1994). The psychology of hope: You can get there from here. of whom indicated that he was their most influential mentor by New York, NY: Free Press. https://psichi.com/NACE. selecting the following sentence to describe his impact: “This professor influenced the whole course of my life and his effect on me has been invaluable.” Dr. Appleby retired from IUPUI with the rank of Professor Emeritus in 2011.

s opposed to old-fash- and drug abuse and should, therefore, be the conversation to avoid lingering on ioned discrimination, avoided when considering organizational these remarks because they made him feel modern racism often solutions to the present issue (American uncomfortable. Other times, James has manifests itself in subtle, Psychological Association Zero Tolerance told me that he is truly not offended and yet similarly harmful ways. Task Force, 2008). The drawbacks to understands the context in which certain Microaggressions embody this more such a policy will be further outlined in comments are delivered, whether they are Aambiguous discrimination and refer to another section of this article. Conversely, intended as a joke or if they are spoken out the insults that are unintentionally or in addition to encouraging students of curiosity. In this sense, James endured intentionally directed toward individuals to directly confront discrimination, some microaggressions that were difficult of a marginalized group (Sue, 2010). Such universities could organize administrative to withstand and other microaggressions indiscretions are particularly evident in bodies tasked with providing support that he did not find offensive, indicating academic settings and can, subsequently, for students of diverse backgrounds who that there exists a continuum of severity foster feelings of discomfort and lack of endure the emotional and psychological for microaggressions that require different belonging in individuals of diverse back- toll this form of modern racism or sexism feedback. grounds across race, self-identified gender, can have on an individual. sexual orientation, and ability. The Drawbacks of a Although a statistical lens highlights Witnessing the Varied Effects Universal Policy to Counter the raw prevalence of these indiscretions, grasping this deeply intimate and rela- of Different Microaggressions Microaggressions tional issue through a more personal, Although I have not directly experienced Coordinating with James’ varying emotionally resonant account yields microaggressions, James, a close friend reactions to different types of microag- unique insights regarding the affective of mine, has faced a range of disparaging gressions, I believe it is unnecessary to troubles caused by and potential for questions and remarks pertaining to his develop a universally applicable maxim administrative amelioration of microag- Korean heritage. A seemingly menial, yet of how to respond to microaggressions. gressions. In this sense, by reflecting upon particularly poignant use of a microag- Instead, students should base their my own perceptions of microaggressions gression was evident when a classmate reactions on calculated judgments of the experienced in a close friend, I will argue at high school once asked James to situation and, more importantly, how they that developing a universal policy for translate a passage of Hamlet into Korean, feel in the moment. Because microag- tackling microaggressions is misguided in assuming that James spoke fluent Korean. gressions elicit a wide range of emotional that microaggressions exist on a spectrum Similarly, James is frequently faced with reactions, as evidenced by Nadal et al. of severity that warrant different responses comments such as “you don’t act Asian” (2011), establishing a rigid policy that all depending on a person’s feelings. whenever his behavior aligns with that of microaggressions should be confronted A universally applicable policy would a stereotypical White male such as playing or that all microaggressions should mirror the broad zero-tolerance approach lacrosse. be ignored would prove problematic. many universities adopt regarding violence James typically laughs off such com- Being directed to call attention to every and drug enforcement by automatically ments, delivered out of curiosity rather questionable remark could encourage and punitively responding to potential than malice. However, I notice that some individuals to engage in mental filtering perpetrators of microaggressions with remarks annoy him and are insulting, by continually focusing on the negativity a prescribed, standardized punishment which coordinates with the notion out- of others’ comments (Lukianoff & Haidt, applicable to all. These approaches lack lined by Nadal et al. (2011) that microag- 2015). However, the inverse policy of necessary empirical foundation outlining gressions can invalidate others and cause choosing to wholly ignore microaggres- their effectiveness in countering violence distress. For example, James often shifts sions is similarly flawed in that some

microaggressions embody the malicious microaggressions could exist where defensive attitude in the confronted and subtle prejudices of modern racists students can reach out to trained individual (Plous, 2010; Whitley & Kite, and, therefore, warrant confrontation. individuals in order to discuss these 2010). Collectively, these mere suggestions Due to this, an individual’s emotional injustices and formally report them if are some of the varied avenues to address and cognitive reaction to the situation necessary. microaggressions that students can adopt must be the sole gauge of whether a person Relating back to James, I believe if our and that universities can equip students should call attention to microaggressions. high school had such an organization, he with through adequate training. Individuals must be encouraged to could have had an outlet to discuss his reasonably judge a situation and highlight feelings in response to the microaggres- Conclusion a microaggression if they feel offended sions he endured. However, universities Ultimately, individuals must use their or belittled. For example, if James was must be wary of blindly encouraging feelings and reason to determine whether not offended by the request to translate students to report all microaggressions a microaggression warrants a response. Hamlet, the incident may not necessitate to an administrative body. This could Individualized interpretation and, subse- any form of confrontation. However, if perpetuate a culture of infantilization and quently, individualized reaction is optimal James felt invalidated by the suggestion over-sensitivity, a notion Lukianoff and in that constant reliance on a universal that he does not act Asian, then I believe Haidt (2015) warn against, because this policy or overarching administrative he should confront the perpetrator. policy may encourage students to always body is problematic. Although opposition In other terms, due to the refer to others in handling a questionable to this argument may exist, ultimately, aforementioned wide scope of various situation and, as noted previously, identify solutions will originate from productive microaggressions that can disparately the negativity in every remark. Constantly dialogues with others, so students such impact different individuals, James’ delegating to others to ameliorate issues as James can feel more comfortable and cognitive evaluation of the situation and, inadequately prepares students for protected at school. subsequent, emotional reaction of feeling tackling events outside of the insulated offended or not should determine his academic bubble. Therefore, universities References reaction. Because perceptions of potential should consider installing organizations American Psychological Association Zero Tolerance Task Force. (2008). Are zero tolerance policies effective in the schools?: An evidentiary microaggressions can vary greatly, to offer support, even though it is imper- review and recommendations. American Psychologist, 63, 852–862. any resultant feelings of uncertainty, ative not to foster a total reliance on these https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.63.9.852 organizations, but instead train students Lukianoff, G., & Haidt, J. (2015, September). The coddling of the discomfort, embarrassment or other American mind. The Atlantic, 2015(7), 8–9. Retrieved from negative emotions are the only reliable to personally manage microaggressions in https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/09/ judge of whether a comment or behavior order to more adequately prepare for life the-coddling-of-the-american-mind/399356/ Nadal, K. L., Wong, Y., Issa, M. A., Meterko, V., Leon, J., & Wideman, M. constitutes as a microaggression and, after college. (2011). Sexual orientation microaggressions: Processes and coping therefore, if it warrants confrontation. This suggestion of training students mechanisms for lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. Journal of to constructively confront discrimination LGBT Issues in Counseling, 5, 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15538 Therefore, such a flexible approach 605.2011.554606 allows individuals to use their emotional and directly address microaggressions Plous, S. (2000). Responding to overt displays of prejudice: A role-playing reactions to dictate their response, rather will further ameliorate this issue. exercise. Teaching of Psychology, 27, 198–200. https://doi.org/10.1207/ Specifically, when students are faced with S15328023TOP2703_07 than relying on a flawed conception that Sue, D. W. (2010, November 17). Microaggressions: More than just all microaggressions are the same. microaggressions or similarly taxing race: Can microaggressions be directed at women or gay people? discriminatory behavior from classmates Psychology Today. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday. or faculty, arousing cognitive dissonance com/blog/microaggressions-in-everyday-life/201011/ The Benefits of microaggressions-more-just-race in the perpetrator can highlight the Whitley, B. E., Jr., & Kite, M. E. (2010). The psychology of prejudice and Microaggression discrepancy between their recent behavior discrimination (2nd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning. Support Organizations and seemingly positive self-image. For Despite the benefits of adopting this example, if an individual commits a sexist George Bate is a recent Loyola individualized method of dealing microaggression, addressing this behavior University Chicago graduate and with microaggressions, universities by questioning how the perpetrator’s current research assistant who works should consider having organizations mother or sister would feel if they wit- in Dr. Maryse Richards’ Risk and Resilience Lab and Dr. Scott Tindale’s to aid students who experience nessed this action may discourage future Social Psychology Lab. Before microaggressions. Many students, indiscretions. graduating, George worked under Dr. including myself, are relatively naive Similarly, verbally highlighting one’s Erick Mann as an undergraduate to the realities of life post-graduation, emotions and overtly displaying nonverbal research assistant and Assistant to the Chair of the Department of Historical and Policy Studies in the Division of Social Science and the transition from an insulated cues in response to the microaggression and Business at Oakton Community College. After transferring to upbringing to a university environment directly and immediately convey to perpe- Loyola, George published and presented an independent can be quite jarring. Therefore, students trators that their behavior is unacceptable. research project regarding ethical differences in anxious and may not be equipped with the confidence In addition, approaching potentially depressed individuals at several academic conferences and and interpersonal skills necessary to received the 2018 Eugene B. Zechmeister Award for Outstanding tumultuous confrontations in a respectful Scholarship in Psychology at Loyola. In his free time, George identify and combat microaggressions. manner may prove more successful than enjoys watching movies, playing soccer, and spending time with Distinct organizations of faculty and personal accusations of racism or sexism, his family. In the near future, George plans on applying to students specifically educated about which could lead to a compensatory graduate programs in clinical psychology for enrollment in 2019.

n the early 1990s, more than Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) used model of Western medicine to 100,000 ethnic Nepalis in Bhutan is a common diagnosis found among approach dealing with mental health were expelled or fled from Bhutan Bhutanese refugees; Elise Nelson (2012) issues in Bhutanese refugees. when their language, customs, and has found that there are high rates of Through participant observation rights were repressed in order to suicide among Bhutanese refugee com- and select interviews, I asked Bhutanese prevent them from potentially shifting munities, and Gerber et al. (2017) found refugees about their life experiences and Ithe country’s political powers. After living that Bhutanese refugees are 10 times more culture, noticing an emerging pattern that 20 long years in camps in eastern Nepal, likely to be experiencing PTSD symptoms illustrated the importance of religion and Burma, and Thailand, the majority of than those citizens who are age-matched traditional activities in their lives. Here these refugees have finally been resettled in their home countries. The focus of this I ask whether ensuring the continuation in countries including the United States, article is to explore how refugees cope of traditional celebrations could even Canada, and some European countries, with stresses in the aftermath of being possibly be a more desired approach to while others are still stateless and strug- stateless and acculturating in the United healing mental health issues in refugee gling in the camps to this day. States, and to challenge the commonly communities. I look at the connection

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Bhutanese and Nepalese in trauma of effects the describe which relations of mind–body idioms of the part a are that frameworks ethnophysiological and ethnopsychological it include does 2017). al., et (Gerber population Bhutanese of the needs health mental the addressing difficulty have had of resettlement process the facilitate that agencies volunteer and Resettlement Refugee of U.S Office the reason, For this 2010). &Hruschka, (Kohrt illness the to relation sociological nor symptoms in neither PTSD, as meaning same the not do hold countries Eastern in illness mental explain to used idioms cultural the 2012). 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Eastern and Western between trauma, It’s important to consider religion religion consider to It’s important more studies that It apparent is COPYRIGHT ©2019 PSI CHI COPYRIGHT - -

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from Hindu sects and the beliefs they may of religion and level of happiness. Religion vary from the culture surrounding them? hold about karma and the stigmatization and cultural practices were one of the Continued efforts must be made by surrounding mental illness, we must also five principal categories that was found citizens, government programs, and com- keep in mind that it may not be the case to be most impactful on mental health in munities of refugees if we are to ensure that all Hindu refugees accept karma as Bhutanese refugees. that refugees receive the humanitarian something that stigmatizes mental illness. Gerber et al.’s (2017) findings on rights they deserve. We must also make What Jass said about his religion, positive influences in Bhutanese refugees’ sure that Western psychiatrists, hospitals, Hinduism, in his interview helped me communities show that creating activities and psychologists are aware of what real better understand how Vonnahme et al.’s such as community gardening to address cultural competency looks like if we (2015) findings could be a reality. Jass the need to engage with each other is an are going to deliver the most effective considers the practice of Hinduism a very effective way of dealing with this problem. and meaningful treatment to Bhutanese important aspect of his life, though when The community garden is useful because it refugees. Promoting cultural community he first came to Vermont there was not a allows the refugees to engage in a commu- gatherings that include the host country very large number of Hindu Bhutanese nity activity where language barriers do community members may show that refugees like himself, and he was unable to not get in the way. Findings also suggest unique cultural traditions are accepted in attend a temple to worship as he normally that acculturation may be a smoother pro- the host country, and offer encouragement does. He said that, when more refugees cess if refugees have a support system that to those refugees who are strongly affili- arrived, the Hindu Bhutanese community includes their own ethnic circle as well ated with their religion. grew and the need for a place of worship as the host community’s social services was apparent. (Benson et al., 2012), something supported References in my research by the fact that Saang’s Benson, G. O., Sun, F., Hodge, D. R., & Androff, D. K. (2012). Religious coping Eventually, a place for Hindu worship and acculturation stress among Hindu Bhutanese: A study of newly- was established, but up until one became Bhutnanese dancing circle and the annual resettled refugees in the United States. International Social Work, 55, available, Jass was a refugee who believed festival receives aid from the Vermont 538–553. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872811417474 Gerber, M. M., Callahan, J. L., Moyer, D. N., Connally, M. L., Holtz, P. M., & in a religion that was in the minority Folklife Center. Janis, B. M. (2017). Nepali Bhutanese refugees reap support through relative to the people around him. He It was apparent that the interviewees community gardening. International Perspectives in Psychology: underwent many challenges when repatri- Research, Practice, Consultation, 6, 17–31. spoke of how there are two main festivals http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ipp0000061 celebrated in Hindu religion twice a year, ating in the United States, a country com- Kingston, L. N., & Stam, K. R. (2015). Recovering from statelessness: something he was not celebrating with pletely different from their homelands. Resettled Bhutanese-Nepali and Karen refugees reflect on the lack of Language was a significant barrier for legal nationality. Journal of Human Rights, 12, 389–406. other Hindus until the place allocated for https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2015.1132156 the Hindu community members to pray them when they first arrived, but so was Kohrt, B. A., & Hruschka, D. J. (2010). Nepali concepts of psychological trauma: The role of idioms of distress, ethnopsychology, and was established. religion and not practicing cultural events. Gatherings help refugees feel connected to ethnophysiology in alleviating suffering and preventing stigma. To explore the issue of how engaging Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 34, 322–352. in cultural events impacts the well-being their culture and to lessen any shame that https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-010-9170-2 comes with being in the minority engag- Nelson, E. J. (2012). Examining the psychosocial context of mental of Bhutanese refugees in Vermont, I also health: Bhutanese refugees and their story of resettlement (Order interviewed Sang, a man who founded a ing in different cultural practices. No. 1509966). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I. Bhutanese dancing circle in Burlington. Bhutanese refugees’ differing opinions (1015014238). about Western medicine did bring up Vonnahme, L. A., Lankau, E. W., A, T., Shetty, S., & Cardozo, B. L. (2015). The circle meets biweekly and consists of Factors associated with symptoms of depression among Bhutanese some interesting issues that could be a group of Bhutanese girls. Sang created refugees in the United States. Journal of Immigrant and Minority addressed in future research. For example, Health, 17, 1705–1714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-014-0120-x the gathering for a traditional festival held my interview with Jass proved that there annually to ask their Gods for a successful are Hindu Bhutanese who do not hold harvest in 2016; this event has now been strongly to the concept of karma and Gabriela Heermans received a put on successfully two times. When bachelor's degree in psychology from perceives mental illness as something that asked about what the gathering means to the University of Vermont with minors he and Bhutanese-Nepalese like himself in anthropology and global studies. him, he says that he is grateful and finds could go see a doctor for. There are She pursued research on cultural it meaningful to be able to honor their perhaps some communities more open to perspectives of post-traumatic stress culture’s tradition with this event, which disorder within Bhutanese refugee the idea of seeking “professional” help for goes along with Gerber et al.’s (2017) find- populations in Burlington, Vermont. mental health issues than others. ings in their study on the importance of Inspired by previous years spent in a variety of African countries, Whether or not the stigmatization Gabriela has pursued a track that she hopes will allow her to offering refugee community’s communal of mental illness is an issue that pertains work in a developing country one day. After receiving her degree, activities that are engaging for them. she volunteered briefly with the Connecting Cultures lab at the more specifically to the Bhutanese pop- University of Vermont and helped design culturally sensitive ulation than it does for the general U.S questionnaires for refugees experiencing PTSD. She is currently Strategies to Support population is another issue that could be pursuing a master’s degree through the Erasmus Mundus Global Bhutanese Refugees further explored. Does stigmatization Mobility, Inclusion, and Diversity in Society (Global-MINDS) In a study designed to pinpoint the factors of mental health vary among Bhutanese programme, which will allow her to study in a series of European countries over the course of two years. After affiliated with mental illness in Bhutanese refugee communities, and how does this completing the programme, Gabriela will hold a MA in social refugees, Vonnahme et al. (2015) found a differ pre- and post- settlement? How does psychology, which she hopes will enable her to work in a field correlation between two factors: strength mental health stigmatization of refugees with refugees in the future.

Two DePaul University psychologists, Dr. Sheila Krogh-Jespersen and Dr. Kimberly Quinn, posted a number of compelling pictures on social media of their eye-tracking studies at the Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago. This inspired us to host a fun and informative Psi Chi chapter field trip to the zoo.

n spring quarter 2018, the staff entrance that led to a conference eye-tracking scientists put us in room. Here, Dr. Hopper spoke with us on touch with Dr. Lydia Hopper, a a variety of Lincoln Park Zoo initiatives comparative psychologist and zoo including the exciting primate social cog- scientist specializing in primates. nition research that is being conducted. Dr. Hopper was happy to work with us Most members of our group were zoo sci- Iand let us know that she could accom- ence novices, and we had many questions modate a small group in order for us to about research and conservation efforts. shadow her and go “behind the scenes.” Dr. Hopper shared a PowerPoint pre- Excited by this opportunity and potential sentation that illuminated important and connection for future trips, we agreed to timely research studies being conducted a small group of Psi Chi officers and one that included, but was not limited to advisor. We decided to consider this a her work with primates. These included vetting trip, during which we would find the international effort to understand opportunities to take to the larger group species population trends and the ways in in the future. We were also able to secure which global zoos work together to breed university funding to treat our group to genetically compatible animals so that lunch while at the zoo since we planned to these species can be replenished and sus- make a day of it. tained. We were surprised by the complex research and communication among zoos Research at the Zoo that is necessary for the breeding of one We met Dr. Hopper at the Regenstein pair of animals, and that many females of Center for African Apes at Lincoln Park many species are on some form of birth Zoo and were quickly directed to a private control. Photo Credit: Matthew Mazzei on Unsplash Credit:Photo Matthew Science at the Zoo the at Science

and Jake Broschart. Zimmerman, Rhymese Lui, Marisol Kirsti Villasenor, officers Psi Chi Dr. Lydia Hopper 44 GROWTH CHAPTER SPOTLIGHT https://sites.google.com/site/lydiahopper/ behavior. and making decision- to relates personality how animal by fascinated also Iam inequity. to responses and strategies) and (mechanisms learning social on focuses my research Specifically, cognition. social in interested particularly am I gorillas. and chimpanzees on our focuses my work where Chicago, Zoo, Park Lincoln at based Iam primates. in cognition social studies who psychologist acomparative I am o Scientist Zoo EYE ON PSIEYE CHI 2019 SPRING

carrots. of rewards desirable less the content with were primates ranking middle/lower while of grapes, rewards more desirable for the went primates ranking higher socially that found It was visited. they station reward what into afactor played that so over others, preferred primates the that foods were certain there and time, to time from changed rewards of the location the Third, rewards. food different had stations the and reward, for afood exchange in the PVC off pipes drop could primates the where stations reward multiple were there Second, were given. they more rewards the experimenter, the to brought primates the more PVC the pipes First, experiment. this to catches were three there But, grapes. or carrots of either areward were given they PVC experimenter, the the to pipe returned primates any If enclosure. mates’ pri of the PVC in pipes sections placing involved that experiment an depicting avideo shared She Zoo. Park at Lincoln living macaques and chimpanzees, apes, with research cognitive social and Congo of Republic the in efforts conservation programs. ships vation-apes/fisher-center-research-intern lester-e-fisher-center-study-and-conser https://www.lpzoo.org/ site: internship Zoo Park Lincoln the from information is well-trained, dedicated, and focused. Here be to appeared intern each area, Chicago the throughout students university for internships Coveted ZooMonitor. called Zoo, Park at Lincoln developed software using behavior animal assigned specifically code and document to iPads use interns Zoo role. of their aspect one important illuminated tour this and in, engaged interns zoo that activities residence. in primates of the behaviors cognitive and social the documenting interns and scientists zoo We observed perspective. researcher’s afrom behind-the-scenes Apes for African Center Regenstein of the tour aguided to we were treated sentation, and pre lecture introductory this After (and Internships!) Our Tour Guided Dr. Hopper also discussed the zoo’s the discussed Dr. also Hopper We wondered what types of research of research We types what wondered . Other zoos are sure to have similar have similar to sure are zoos . Other - - - - their moods and well-being. well-being. and moods their into insight allows this and time, across images different to differentially respond macaques on how the data collecting also are scientists Zoo care. of animal level high ongoing an ensure helps this and world, physical their in important are that of items for avariety preferences primates’ about learn can scientists zoo technology, touch-screen this via More specifically, worlds. physical and social their negotiate and perceive primates other and macaques how study can scientists zoo trials, early in make they of mistakes types the and learn, how they puzzles, challenging these approach macaques how the observing day. By on that forthcoming be will no more treats and ended, has session the when also and them, to available is asession that indicate that signals clear have learned They rewards. food receive to order in day each time short a for of puzzles types different solve to computers touch-screen use to choose can touch-screen technology. using macaques Japanese with research ongoing real-time of demonstration extended for an stayed we There, Forest. Macaque Regenstein to us Dr. led Hopper Apes, for African Center Regenstein the touring After Monkeys? for Touch . Screens research adventures. research their in Psi Chi include to willing are who and university of the outside relationships great havewho on staff have faculty to study. to We fortunate are cognition and behavior of social forms other are there when behavior human studying to limited are psychologists assume might students Some psychology. of field the in possibilities of career/research range the we showcase that Psi Chi of DePaul science. zoo in interested students for psychology jobs and ships for intern possibilities to eyes our opened also experience Our worldwide. vation conser and care for animal importance its and zoo over the all conducted being science at the we were amazed anything, but more than technology, touchscreen with cognition macaque about ing marvel We abit of time quite spent What We Learned In cozy cubicles, Japanese macaques macaques Japanese cubicles, cozy In It is always important to the officers officers the to important It always is COPYRIGHT ©2019 PSI CHI COPYRIGHT - - -

Photo Credit: Todd Rosenberg/Lincoln Park Zoo CHAPTER GROWTH

Tips to Plan Your Jake Broschart (president) is a senior SPOTLIGHT at DePaul University double majoring in Scenes from the Lincoln Park Zoo. Own Chapter Zoo Trip theatre studies and psychology with a We had a wonderful time on this science concentration in human services. He is field trip, and will plan another trip researching perceptions of intimate in the spring quarter. Using our new partner violence among same sex couples at DePaul, and is a research knowledge about the locations and times assistant at Northwestern’s Institute for of ongoing research projects, we will Sexual and Gender Minority Health. After graduation, he plans to conduct our own self-guided tour so pursue a PhD in clinical psychology. that we can accommodate a much larger group. We will have planned stops for Kirsti Zimmerman (secretary) is a scientist-guided public demonstrations of senior at DePaul University, majoring in zoo research. Here are some suggestions community psychology. After for other chapters with access to a nearby graduation, she hopes to pursue her passion for animals by obtaining her zoo or animal sanctuary: wildlife rehabilitation license and working at a wildlife rehabilitation If you don’t have a collegial contact on-site, facility. Kirsti is also working on a the zoo website is likely to have a research specialization in American sign language and hopes to become and education department that already an interpreter. hosts elementary and high school groups. They may be willing to tailor a smaller Theresa Luhrs, PhD (coadvisor) is group experience for Psi Chi university the Director of Undergraduate Studies for the Department of Psychology at students as an opportunity to showcase DePaul University. She teaches their research and advertise internships Introductory Psychology, Research and jobs to potential applicants. Methods, and Theories of Intimate Relationships. Her research interests If you are unable to secure a guided tour, include intimate partner violence and perceptions of social capital in combat veterans. the same website might detail or have links to important research being done on-site. A pre-event scouting trip by a few officers may result in finding out optimal times to observe data collection and zoo scientists in action.

If you are there for the better part of the day, you might want to think about how to feed the hungry group. We were able to secure $200 from the student activity board to use for food and drink. We explained that we were engaged in a science-related activity that would include a zoo scientist as host and guest speaker, and that this opportunity could result in ideas for jobs and internships for our Psi Chi students. If not, hand-made lunches in backpacks can still be enjoyed in various picnic areas.

Photo Credit: Students from DePaul University DePaul Credit: from Photo Students COPYRIGHT © 2019 PSI CHI 46 GROWTH CHAPTER L an Honor Society Chapteran Honor Society How to Effectively Run Central Connecticut State University State Connecticut Central Taylor Courtney heights” with your chapter. chapter. your with heights” new “reach to strategies time-tested eight are here semester, each during possible as members new potential many as recruited apply. to you have them Once encouraging and students eligible potentially all contact directly members faculty having is bers mem of recruiting method successful Another members. recruit way to effective an proven be to has classes their in organization the discuss students and professors Having members. become to eligible are who students of number limited the to due ineffective officer position. officer for an running out about to reach to students recommending in role important play an can advisor faculty the and organizations, student of board executive the in involved students get to difficult be It can honor society. the within involved actively members current keeping and members for recruiting suggestions give can advisors faculty Finally, and/ormembers. officers honor society between conflict any diffuse and intervene also can advisors Center. Faculty Wellness Student the and Science, Psychological of Department the Club, Psychology the with collaborates frequently Chapter Psi Chi University’s State Connecticut Central For example, departments. or academic organizations campus other and society the between a liaison as serve can advisor ety’s soci An honor decisions. make help officers and events, planning with assist guidance, provide can advisors Faculty honor society. EYE ON PSIEYE CHI 2019 SPRING fostering a successful organization. At Central, a monthly Student Student amonthly At Central, organization. asuccessful fostering for helpful extremely is members faculty of other support the 1 2 Faculty advisor support is a crucial element of running an an of running element acrucial is support advisor Faculty Your Advisor Is Your Line Safety In addition to an organization’s faculty advisor, having having advisor, faculty organization’s an to addition In Faculty Other of Harness theSupport is selective. Therefore, some types of advertising can be be can advertising of types some Therefore, selective. is membership because tricky be Psi Chi—can ety—like ment. However, recruiting members for an honor soci for an members However,ment. recruiting recruit member with begins chapter honor society athriving running organizations, and clubs all ike

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Inspiring the Next Generation of Psychologists: I am Psyched! as a Catalyst for Research and Leslie D. Cramblet Alvarez K. Nicole Jones Professional Growth Adams State University Colorado Mesa University

am Psyched! is a national tour created by a partnership her, an important historical event might not have occurred, yet among the APA Women’s Programs Office, the Drs. very few people even know her name. This lack of recognition for Nicholas and Dorothy Cummings Center for the History women of color’s accomplishments is frustrating, and therefore of Psychology, and Psychology’s Feminist Voices Oral fueled the efforts to educate students. By acknowledging past and History and Digital Archive Project that seeks to high- present psychologists, with an emphasis on female pioneers, I am light and educate people about the accomplishments of women Psyched! aims to galvanize young women of all nationalities to Iof color within the field of psychology. To achieve this goal, the pursue psychology as a career. tour acts as an interactive pop-up museum that is quick to set-up I am Psyched! is a much-needed movement in the field of psy- and full of valuable information. The exhibit features giant infor- chology. It demonstrates the diversity of psychologists, and high- mational slides about eminent women of color in psychology and lights the many struggles women of color have faced to achieve their role within the field. The slides have biographical informa- recognition. One compelling aspect of this museum is that tion and supplementary materials such as examples of sexism in some of the barriers faced by women of the past are still faced by home economic courses. In addition to the informational slides, women today. Although they are often “hidden figures,” import- interactive pieces to the exhibit allow visitors to tune into videos, ant contributions have been made to the field of psychology by discuss women who have impacted them, and identify their future women of color. By bringing to light the contributions of (often goals. overlooked) women, in addition to highlighting the diversity of This exhibit is, in part, the product of an unfortunate reality the field; young women may be inspired to pursue psychology. surrounding women of color’s invisibility as psychology pioneers. The future of psychology will benefit from the diversity of this To understand this, we must acknowledge that women of color perspective, and ultimately move the field forward. have made amazing contributions to the field of psychology and the world as a whole. For example, the museum has information Research Inspired by I Am Psyched! on Mamie Phipps Clark, a dedicated researcher who led studies Both due to the resurgence of feminist movements including that provided evidence for the desegregation of schools. Without worldwide women’s marches, and our increasing familiarity

with the I Am Psyched exhibit, we were prompted to evaluate the background knowledge on the women who were mentioned how women and people of color were recognized by psychology in the exhibit made the whole experience more meaningful. Being students. It would be assumed that this population should be able both a woman and a person of color, I found their contributions to to recognize eminent psychologists with ease, but our study found be inspiring, and they have motivated me to work toward making that psychologists who were women or people of color were rarely a name for myself in the field of psychology. recognized by students. To examine this, we surveyed junior and senior psychology majors across the United States and found a JONAH LEACH huge disparity between the recognition scores for male and female I developed as a professional in many ways while being involved pioneers. Even more distressing, women and men of color were as a docent and an educator for this exhibit. Being able to educate the least recognized groups. others about these incredible women in a professional setting was To examine how women and people of color are represented an amazing feeling. In addition, being involved in this exhibit in textbooks, we chose five commonly used History and Systems allowed me to talk to several individuals, while both giving and textbooks for a content analysis. Our research found that receiving a lot of valuable information. This ultimately gave me a psychologists who were women and people of color were rarely lot of input or feedback on the program itself. These interactions mentioned. We believe that the lack of representation in textbooks alone gave me a great feeling of what it is like to work on a project perhaps explains why students are not able to recognize female that goes beyond just myself. pioneers of psychology to the extent of which they recognize white I believe one of the most enjoyable parts of the convention was male pioneers. It was not unexpected, but still surprising to see presenting our research alongside Dr. Miles-Cohen, and showing upper level psychology majors’ lack of knowledge about women of those at the symposium that women and people of color are color in psychology. However, it is hard to blame students for not highly underrepresented and unrecognized in the history of psy- knowing something they may not be exposed to in the classroom. chology. It was great to see that so many people had an interest in Further, it generates interesting questions about women’s and the research and were appalled at the differences in representation people of color’s representation in the psychology curriculum between white men, women, and people of color. All the questions more broadly. at our symposium means that we made others think about the This research demonstrates the importance of exhibits like I research and this much needed movement in psychology. am Psyched! because psychology majors still need more education to be able to identify the accomplishments of eminent female CHELSEA WALLJASPER-SCHUYLER and minoritized psychologists. As students and as educators, I enjoyed having the opportunity to be involved with the museum we need to be talking about these women, saying their names, throughout the convention. One of my favorite parts was how and not accepting the omission of their accomplishments and many people came through the exhibit, and how excited everyone their diversity from history. The students involved in this project was to participate in the event. This helped me grow as a profes- presented their work at the 2018 Rocky Mountain Psychological sional because it required me to be a bit more extroverted because Association convention as part of a diversity symposium mod- I had to encourage people to enter the event and participate in the erated by Cramblet Alvarez and Jones (2018), along with Dr. interactive pieces of the exhibit. Embracing the extroverted nature Shari Miles-Cohen (2018), senior director of the APA’s Women’s of being a docent, I also spoke to other students and heard their Program Office (Leach & Ringler, 2018; Walljasper-Schuyler, & perspective on the exhibit and our research. This helped me grow Trujillo, 2018; Weiser & Rodriguez, 2018). Further, the survey my ability to network and create connections during the conven- portion of this research is currently in press for publication in the tion with people who have similar research interests. Overall, I am upcoming Psi Chi Journal special issue, “Education, Research, and very grateful that I was given the opportunity to help host such a Practice for a Diverse World,” which will be released in summer unique and important event. 2019 (Cramblet Alvarez et al., in press). JEROME RODRIGUEZ I Am Psyched! Students’ Reflect By participating as a docent for the I am Psyched! exhibit, I developed a deeper appreciation for the way in which information on Their Professional Growth can be presented. Those who came to see the exhibit responded MARISSA TRUJILLO to different aspects that the popup museum offered. So when it Having the chance to sit down and have a conversation with came time to sign in visitors, I found that it was important to Dr. Shari Miles-Cohen, who is the senior director of the APA highlight each feature of the exhibit with detail, and to allow them Women’s Program Office, really made me reflect on what route to explore and take part in the activities without interruption. I want to take once I finish with my undergraduate work. And Although not always the case, allowing the visitors to their own being able to meet so many other psychology students and pro- devices eventually led to some asking questions in an area of the fessionals in psychology has really shown me the importance of exhibit that interested them. networking in order to take those next big steps after graduation. The most enjoyable/fulfilling part of the convention in my The most fulfilling part of the convention was being able to pres- opinion was the presentation of our research. Considering all ent the research my team and I have been working on for so long. the work and time that we all contributed, it was fulfilling to see It was nice to know that the audience was really paying attention everything we had learned come together. In addition, it was to what we were talking about. We had many compliments, and rewarding to be able to share this work with an audience who also great questions that could lead to further research. Having would better understand and appreciate what we were presenting.

MIKAYLA WEISER I felt like a celebrity when a student asked to take a picture with The experience that I had being a docent for this exhibit was our research team, because it feels like we are actually doing work invaluable. Not only did I get the chance to have conversations that is going to make a difference and that can really resonate with with amazing and inspiring women, I was also able to prepare psychologists and even women in general. by studying the featured women. The surprising fact that most attendees knew very little of the women in the exhibit was an References opportunity to share their legacies and their stories in the hopes Cramblet Alvarez, L. D., & Jones, K. N. (Moderators, April, 2018). I am Psyched! at RMPA: History, recognition, and representation of women of color in psychology. Invited symposium presented at the Rocky Mountain that they would be passed on. Another great aspect of this Psychological Association Convention in Denver, Co. experience was learning how many of the women who I had met Cramblet Alvarez, L. D., Jones, K. N., Walljasper-Schuyler, C., Trujillo, M., Weiser, M. A., Rodriguez, J. L., Ringler, R. L., & had experienced some of the same issues that live on today for Leach, J. L. (in press). Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research, 24. Leach, J. L., & Ringler, R. L. (April, 2018). Say my name: Representation of women and people of color in history of women of color. Hearing their stories lent so much importance psychology textbooks. In L. D. Cramblet Alvarez and K. N. Jones (Moderators). I am Psyched! at RMPA: History, to the research we were doing and to the exhibit itself. Presenting recognition, and representation of Women of Color in psychology. Invited symposium presented at the Rocky Mountain Psychological Association Convention in Denver, Co. our research was a milestone personally and professionally, Miles-Cohen, S. (April, 2018). I am Psyched! Inspiring Histories, Inspiring Lives. In L. D. Cramblet Alvarez and K. and having Dr. Shari Miles-Cohen make an appearance at our N. Jones (Moderators). I am Psyched! at RMPA: History, recognition, and representation of women of color in convention was an incredible moment for me. The exhibit she has psychology. Invited symposium presented at the Rocky Mountain Psychological Association Convention in Denver, Co. helped to create was a turning point for me and so many others, Walljasper-Schuyler, C., & Trujillo, M. (April, 2018). College students’ ability to recognize prominent women and and having the chance to share this work while representing people of color in psychology. In L. D. Cramblet Alvarez and K. N. Jones (Moderators). I am Psyched! at RMPA: History, recognition, and representation of women of color in psychology. Invited symposium presented at the Adams State University made this an unforgettable experience. Rocky Mountain Psychological Association Convention in Denver, Co. Weiser, M.A., & Rodriguez, J. L. (April, 2018). Delving into the historical and contemporary barriers of women and RACHAEL RINGLER minorities in psychology: A review. In L. D. Cramblet Alvarez and K. N. Jones (Moderators). I am Psyched! at As a museum docent, I had to interact with people who not only RMPA: History, recognition, and representation of women of color in psychology. Invited symposium presented at the Rocky Mountain Psychological Association Convention in Denver, Co. were students but professors as well. I had to make sure that I did not sound condescending when telling the professors about these women, and get people excited about the exhibit without Adams State University (CO) and Colorado Mesa University’s Psi Chi and Psychology Clubs letting all the interesting facts go under the radar. I learned to collaborated to serve as docents for the I am Psyched! exhibit at the 2018 Rocky Mountain Psychological Association (RMPA) annual convention. A small group of Adams State undergraduates speak briefly and hit the most important parts about the women participated in a History of Women in Psychology class to prepare for their role in the museum. in the exhibit. I also had to promote social media in a professional They investigated historical and contemporary barriers women and, in particular, women of color setting, something that was very different for me. This is because faced in their quests to pursue and receive PhDs in psychology, and issues related to discrimination, most people see social media as a joke, but I actually helped Dr. intersectionality, and inequity. As part of the course, they completed a research project related to psychology juniors and seniors’ ability to recognize prominent female historical figures, and whether Shari Miles-Cohen use Snapchat. (Marissa Trujillo and I were women are represented in history of psychology textbooks. Dr. Leslie Cramblet Alvarez in Dr. Miles-Cohen’s first Snapchat picture!) I had a great time (Adams State University) and Dr. Nikki Jones (Colorado Mesa University), both Psi Chi advisors, presenting and look forward to being on another research team. supervised this project.

Top: Dr. Shari Miles-Cohen, senior director of the APA’s Women’s Program Office. Right: Dr. Shari Miles-Cohen and the research team. Middle: Jonah Leach guides students through the exhibit.

Answers to Your Questions About the Psi Chi Chapter Challenge Cynthia Wilson Psi Chi Central Office

hat do you think when you hear the word member, what that means to you, and how they can support you fundraising? Do you picture someone with a and all Psi Chi members worldwide at the same time. handout? Or perhaps you envision someone Asking your friends and family to make donations will benefit in need? What about working toward not only all Psi Chi member programs but your local chapter as growing an organization to which you have well. That’s a win-win! In addition, we want to get to know your committed yourself? chapter better. So visit www.psichi.org/chapterchallenge and WHave you ever thought of fundraising yourself? Simply learn the three simple steps you can take right now to benefit your put, people who fundraise are leaders. So, Psi Chi’s Chapter choice to become a Psi Chi member. And remember, the Psi Chi Challenge 2019 is the perfect opportunity for you to take on a Central Office is here to help you at all steps along the way. leadership role in your local chapter. But you might be asking At Psi Chi, we believe in giving back: whether that’s financial yourself some questions: namely—WHY, WHO, and HOW? support via donations, taking on a mentoring role, or paying it Let’s start with the WHY. This year, Psi Chi is celebrating its forward to your fellow Psi Chi members. Please join us in our 89th anniversary. Throughout those 89 years, Psi Chi has grown efforts to Give Back. Psi Chi is a very special organization because tremendously. We are now able to offer over $400,000 each year of you. We strive to create opportunities for members to take on in awards, grants, and scholarships to student and faculty mem- leadership roles and have fun in the process. So, WHY, WHO, bers. There is also the Psi Chi Membership Assistance Fund that and HOW? The answer is you taking on the Chapter Challenge, provides free memberships to students who could not otherwise today! afford to join. And there is so much more Psi Chi wants to do for its members. We also want to provide opportunity and rec- THE PSI CHI CHAPTER CHALLENGE 2019 WILL TAKE PLACE: ognition to all our alumni members. It is our wish that a Psi Chi January 14–March 31, 2019 membership is valuable to you throughout your education and career. Therefore, that’s a large part of the why Psi Chi is now a www.psichi.org/chapterchallenge fundraising organization. (details you need to get started) So WHY should your local chapter take part in the Psi Chi IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS, Chapter Challenge 2019? The Chapter Challenge is designed FEEL FREE TO CONTACT: for your chapter to fundraiser as a team. Each team will be able Cynthia Wilson to create a unique fundraising webpage that can very easily be Director of Membership & Development shared with friends and family by social media and/or email. (423) 602-9125 The dollars raised will benefit all Psi Chi member programs that [email protected] benefit members worldwide and will ultimately help build the sustainability of Psi Chi overall. Psi Chi will also, in the philan- thropic spirit, give back 10% of the total your chapter raises as part of the Chapter Challenge. That 10% can be used toward your next chapter activity. So WHO is the ideal candidate(s) to take part in the Chapter Challenge? The answer is officers or any member who wants to take on a leadership role within your local chapter. Do you want to grow your chapter? Do you want to motivate others to work as a team? Do you want to help create positive opportunities for both your local chapter and your favorite honor society? Then you are ideal to take part in the Chapter Challenge! We have come to the HOW: If you took part in last year’s, inaugural Chapter Challenge, we listened to your feedback and have made this year’s second annual Chapter Challenge even easier and much more fun! By visiting www.psichi.org/chapterchallenge, you find out exactly how you can get involved. If you choose to take the Chapter Challenge, you can share with your friends and family why you chose to become a Psi Chi Fundraising as a team for

Psi Chi Past-President’s Message “Do Your Best Because That Is All You Can Ever Do:” Making the Most of Psi Chi and Its Affordances

R. Eric Landrum, PhD Boise State University

he titular phrase in quotations did not originate with speaking, I believe that Psi Chi provides affordances to its me, but it is one that I have used many times in my members, advisors, and to the discipline. The key question is life; not only with students, but also as a father raising this—are we making the most of the opportunities afforded to us? children, and also as part of self-talk during difficult That is, are you doing your best to make the most of your Psi Chi times during my own life. My daughter Allison (age experience? 27) is far enough into her own career that, when supervising her Now for an interesting twist (I hope). This is not going to be Town employees, she tells me that she hears herself saying this. She the retrospective that you might expect about the organization, remembers that (a) it seemed like such a cliché to hear it from her but a brief retrospective about how (at least) one person might father so many times growing up, and yet (b) it is perfectly appro- have come close to “doing their best” in making the most of priate in so many life situations, both personal and professional. Psi Chi’s affordances—me. I do not offer this example as bragging The second part of the title, concerning affordances, is a topic or boasting, but in appreciation of the enduring support and that I have given talks about and also written about before (see contribution that Psi Chi has made to my personal development Landrum, 2018). In psychology, the idea of affordances comes and professional career. I want to document for you what you can from the study of animal behavior, in that an animal establishes achieve when you truly leverage the opportunities available to a favorable behavioral repertoire to adapt and survive in its envi- Psi Chi members. ronment; said another way, the environment provides affordances I became a member of Psi Chi on December 13, 1983, (Gibson, 1977). In my 2018 article, I presented the idea that the and received my Psi Chi certificate at Monmouth College in discipline of psychology has career affordances for its majors; Monmouth, Illinois (which is framed in my home office even that is, there are inherent career opportunities and limitations though the certificates are much fancier now). I was honored when a person chooses to major in psychology. Organizationally to serve as my chapter’s President during my senior year at

Monmouth (1984–1985), and during that same year, I leveraged another opportunity afforded to me by Psi Chi—I made my first conference presentation at a regional convention. I gave a 12-minute talk during the Psi Chi session of the 1985 meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association (MPA) at the Palmer House in Chicago. For any of you who have been to MPA at the Palmer House, you can just imagine that first thrill I experienced in that historic landmark presenting research as if I were a psychologist. That confidence is but one of the many gifts Psi Chi has given to me over a professional lifetime (I doubt that I realized at the time that the moderator of my paper session was the Psi Chi National President whose signature was on my membership certificate). As I continued to reminisce about making the best of Psi Chi affordances, I employed this strategy: I searched for “Psi Chi” throughout my CV, with 108 hits. My involvement with Psi Chi continued after becoming a faculty member at Boise State University, which was manifested in a variety of ways: • I served as the Boise State Psi Chi chapter advisor for 7 years. • I have reviewed many times for Psi Chi convention submissions and grants and awards applications. Above: Dr. Landrum receiving his • I served for 2 years as the Psi Chi liaison to the Society Psi Chi Certificate at Monmouth College (IL) in 1983. for the Teaching of Psychology. Left: The scroll that Dr. Landrum • I served for 3 years as a steering committee member for signed (#82) when he was inducted. Thank you to current the Psi Chi Rocky Mountain Region. Monmouth College faculty member Dr. Tara McCoy for the sleuthing it • I served as the Psi Chi Rocky Mountain Regional took to uncover this record. Vice-President (2009–11) and hosted RMPA Distinguished Lecturers Albert Bandura (RMPA Denver, 2010) and Elizabeth Loftus (RMPA Salt Lake City, 2011). • I have delivered 23 invited addresses/talks at Psi Chi statewide, regional, or national meetings. • I have published four times in the Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research, with my first publication appearing in Volume 2 in 2001. • I have published 13 times in the Eye on Psi Chi (many of these with dear friends Scott VanderStoep and Mitch Handelsman), with my first piece appearing in Volume 6 in 2001. References Gibson, J. J. (1977). The theory of affordances. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. • I served for one year each as President-Elect (2016–17), Landrum, R. E. (2018). Affordances and alignments: Continuing challenges in advising undergraduate psychology President (2017–18), and Past-President (2018–19). majors. Teaching of Psychology, 45, 84–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0098628317745462 Did I do my best? Hard to say. Did I make the most of the opportunities afforded to me by Psi Chi? To be honest, I am hard- R. Eric Landrum, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Psychological pressed to think of another individual who has benefitted more Science at Boise State University (Boise, Idaho), receiving his PhD in cognitive psychology from Southern Illinois University-Carbondale. He is a from Psi Chi than I have. Psi Chi has supported my intellectual research generalist with an eclectic taste in research topics that broadly and professional development beyond my wildest dreams. During encompass the improvement of teaching and learning conditions. Dr. my presidential year, I was able to launch, with the support of the Landrum has over 425 professional presentations at conferences and Psi Chi Board of Directors and the Central Office staff, the first- published 3 edited texts, 23 books/textbooks, 29 book chapters, and has published over 85 professional articles in scholarly, peer-reviewed journals. ever Presidential Initiative—Help Helped Me. I hope to continue He has worked with over 300 undergraduate research assistants and taught over 18,000 students in to contribute to this effort long after I am no longer a member 26 years at Boise State. In 2014, APA President Nadine Kaslow presented Eric with an APA Presidential of the Board. If you are truly interested in doing your best, I Citation in honor of his work in advancing the teaching of psychology. He is a member of the gently challenge you to look to Psi Chi: if you carefully examine American Psychological Association, a fellow in APA’s Division Two (Society for the Teaching of the opportunities afforded to you, you might discover your own Psychology or STP), served as STP Secretary (2009-2011) and STP President (2014). He is also a member of the Association for Psychological Science and was named a fellow in 2018. During pathway to remarkable success, just as Psi Chi has allowed me to 2016–2017, Eric he served as President of the Rocky Mountain Psychological Association (RMPA). discover. And I will be thankful forever, and forever attempting to He is immensely grateful for each and every opportunity Psi Chi, the International Honor Society in pay it forward. Psychology, has afforded him. Email: [email protected] | Twitter: @ericlandrum

ith more than 1,150 education advocate. The talk provided establish connections and network with chapters, Psi Chi EAST information to Psi Chi members, as well others, and how to find valuable job and as other students, about several topics. internship opportunities on the website. members can make a Fordham University at Lincoln Center (NY) These included learning the signs of significant impact in their MEETING/SPEAKER EVENT: The CONVENTION/CONFERENCE: On abuse and trauma, the cycle of violence, Wcommunities. Reviewing Chapter chapter hosted a graduate student November 18, the chapter's largest digital means of abuse, and also signs of Q&A panel. The panel was comprised Activities in Eye on Psi Chi is a great activity was its hosting of the 30th a healthy relationship. Members learned of seven graduate students from the way to find inspirational ideas for your Greater New York Conference on different ways to reach out to victims of across the university. This included chapter and keep in touch with your Behavioral Research, which included abuse and were given information about graduate programs in clinical chapter after you graduate. 220 participants and 49 presentations how to properly report abuse. psychology, cognitive psychology, social by 71 presenters from 29 institutions. Activities are listed in the MEETING/SPEAKER EVENT: The psychology, behavioral neuroscience, About one-third of these were first-time following categories: officers wanted the chapter to improve and a physician assistant program. The student presenters. The conference communication with one another. officers started the discussion with a • COMMUNITY SERVICE presented eight student research In particular, this included knowing few prearranged questions, and then the • CONVENTION/CONFERENCE awards, and honored five distinguished who completed which tasks when student audience soon followed with • FUND-RAISING honorees: Drs. Rachel A. Annunziato, coordinating events for members and their own questions for the panelists. • INDUCTION CEREMONY Roy Aranda, George A. Garland, the community. To solve this issue, the Many of the panelists stayed after the Marciana L. Popescu, and Leslie Popoff. • MEETING/SPEAKER EVENT officers started to send out weekly task conclusion of the event so that students could talk to them individually and ask • RECRUITMENT Slippery Rock University (PA) updates to a closed group on Microsoft them questions one-on-one. • SOCIAL EVENT Outlook specifically made for officers, so SOCIAL EVENT: For the month of that everyone would know who covered COMMUNITY SERVICE: A small group of Share your chapter’s accomplishments October, the chapter teamed up with which tasks and what still needed to be students from the chapter volunteered with others in the next issue of Eye on the Art Club on campus to host a sip done. on the APAs pilot project to test the Psi Chi! Chapter officers and advisors and paint social for all Psi Chi and Art feasibility of creating a national database University at Buffalo (NY) are encouraged to visit www.psichi.org/ Club members. Attendees enjoyed hot of high school psychology teachers. apple cider and cookies while painting default.asp?page=chapter_activities MEETING/SPEAKER EVENT: In These volunteers contacted 350 different a Halloween themed picture. This was conjunction with the Career Services high schools in western New York to Submission deadlines* the chapter’s first sip and paint social. office on campus, the chapter hosted collect information on high school Fall: June 30 Members really enjoyed this social and a workshop on how to use LinkedIn. psychology teachers. Interestingly, Winter: September 30 plan to host another one next semester! Students were encouraged to bring 29.9% of the public schools and 67.7% of Spring: December 15 MEETING/SPEAKER EVENT: The chapter their laptops so that they could create the private schools that were contacted Summer: February 28 hosted a speaker, Kaeleen Martin, from an account and follow along. This did not offer high school psychology workshop also covered how employers *Reports received (postmarked) after the deadline the Victim Outreach Intervention classes. This spoke to the importance will appear in the next issue of Eye on Psi Chi. Center in Butler, PA. Kaeleen Martin has use LinkedIn to search for potential of strengthening the teaching of a BS in social work and is a prevention candidates, how to use LinkedIn to psychology at the high school level!

ABBREVIATIONS ACHS Association of College Honor Societies APA American Psychological Association CHAPTER APS Association for Psychological Science EPA Eastern Psychological Association MPA Midwestern Psychological Association SPOTLIGHT! NEPA New England Psychological Association RMPA Rocky Mountain Psychological Association SEPA Southeastern Psychological Association Fordham University at Lincoln Center (NY) SWPA Southwestern Psychological Association WPA Western Psychological Association Upper Right: The chapter had another active fall semester in 2018, with 12 diverse activities with the Fordham Psychology Association and Graduate Schools of Education and Social Service. On November 6, a seminar on Stanley Milgram's 1963 Yale obedience experiments featured (left) Edward English, Milgram's filmmaker in 1962 for Obedience to Authority—the most widely seen film in the history of psychology, and (right) Milgram’s alumnus Dr. Henry Solomon.

Above: On November 21, the Fordham University at Lincoln Center (NY) Chapter lost its eldest member, Professor Emerita Olivia J. Hooker (1915–2018), who passed away at age 103. Middle left: On November 18, presenters at the 30th Conference on Behavioral Research at Fordham University at Lincoln Center (NY). Bottom left: On November 18, the 30th Conference on Behavioral Research at Fordham University at Lincoln Center (NY) salutes eight student research awardees and five honorees. CHAPTER ACTIVITIES

Top left: NEDA Walk for the Westfield State University (MA) Chapter. Top right: The decorated, gift-filled shoeboxes that were donated to The Shoebox Project at the University of Victoria (Canada). Bottom left: HELP University (Malaysia) Chapter recruiting members at Joint Clubs and Society Day. Bottom right: St. Ambrose University (IA) Chapter and Psychology Club officers at the NAMI walk in Davenport, IA.

Westfield State University (MA) how to become involved. Psychology in the majority of the donations for and themselves. This was accomplished FUND-RAISER: The chapter took faculty shared information about The Shoebox Project, and additional by following the simple yet applicable part in the National Eating Disorders research opportunities and internship donations followed. The chapter donated steps: look, listen, and link. The chapter Association Walk in Amherst, MA, opportunities provided by St. Ambrose 10 decorated and gift-filled shoeboxes was visited and advised by two clinical on November 3. This fund-raiser and nearby institutions. An alumni in total. psychologists from CPCS. Felicia supported the National Eating Disorder panel also provided students with SOCIAL EVENT: The chapter hosted and Magtum were well-received by Association, which assists millions employment information in various its first monthly conversation café participants of this workshop. of individuals each year who suffer fields of psychology. “Psycholo-Tea” in November with free SOCIAL EVENT: An APA Workshop was from eating disorders. They provide COMMUNITY SERVICE: The chapter drinks, snacks, and holiday music. This conducted at the beginning of every aid through lifesaving resources and joined together with Psychology Club event was meant to support mental semester to provide additional guidance treatments. The chapter raised money for and others at St. Ambrose to raise health and help students destress at the and to act as a refresher for students this important cause, and many members money and participate in the National end of the semester. Students gathered in using APA style and formatting in participated in the walk. Among them Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) to relax, socialize, and help the chapter written assignments. The workshop was was the treasurer, Brianna Low Cora, walk. St. Ambrose raised just under its assemble shoebox donations for The particularly targeted toward first-year who was on the planning committee. goal of $5,000 and had one of the largest Shoebox Project. A few faculty members students, although students from all groups to participate in the walk. This stopped by the event as well. years were welcomed to attend. The 5k walk helped bring awareness to and chapter proposed this workshop because MIDWEST reduce stigma for mental illness. the field of psychology is largely research St. Ambrose University (IA) ROCKY MOUNTAIN based and requires certain standards University of Victoria (Canada) in academic writing. Thus, it was SOCIAL EVENT: The chapter hosted its HELP University (Malaysia) important to build a strong foundation fifth annual Psychology Night to provide COMMUNITY SERVICE: The chapter which would serve as essential basic students with information on the wide collected donations for The Shoebox MEETING/SPEAKER EVENT: The chapter knowledge to succeed and advance in variety of opportunities in psychology. Project for Shelters throughout the collaborated with the university’s Centre the field of psychology. This event included information latter half of the semester. The Shoebox for Psychological and Counselling about the Psi Chi chapter, posters and Project collects and distributes gift- Services (CPCS) to conduct a SOCIAL EVENT: The Psi Chi Quiz presentations from undergraduates filled shoeboxes to women impacted Psychological First Aid Workshop. Champion was an event hosted with who completed research in summer by homelessness throughout North The workshop was intended to address the aim of encouraging students to programs at St. Ambrose and other America. This donation process began at concerns raised by students and to challenge their general knowledge universities, and future events that the the chapter’s November “Psycholo-Tea” equip them with practical knowledge in ability and stimulate thought. This Psychology Club would be hosting and conversation café. This event brought attending the emotional needs of others initiative was also used as a way to

Far Left: The Austin Peay State University (TN) Chapter presenting Dr. Dietrich of Warrior Expeditions with funds raised from their Got Your Six Throwdown. Right: Members of the Austin Peay State University (TN) Chapter serving up delicious Walking Tacos to students. Proceeds benefitted the Help an Elf program on campus.

Above: University of Louisville (KY) Chapter collects 1,228 pounds of food. Right: University of Louisville (KY) Chapter participates in Walk for Alzheimers.

elevate the perception of the chapter campus event held in the beginning of membership cards. New inductees also bikes, and paddles on veterans’ mental being more inclusive of nonmembers every semester to inform students about received homemade chocolate-covered health. The benefactor of funds raised at even in intellectual challenges. The the various clubs and societies available sea salt caramels, made for them by the Psi Chi's Got Your Six Throwdown, Dr. quiz was composed of multiple-choice on campus. The chapter participated executive committee as a welcome to the Dietrich's presentation about Warrior questions with General Knowledge as its in this event in order to share the chapter. Expeditions mission and research theme. Students who signed up for the benefits and information about joining FUND-RAISER: The chapter hosted a was the cherry on top of the chapter's event participated individually, and the Psi Chi. HJCSD served as a platform Walking Taco event in the University semester! Following his presentation, top three winners who scored the most for the chapter to recruit potential and Center this fall. The event raised over members presented Warrior Expeditions points won cash prizes in return. interested students to sign up to become $137 for Help An Elf, an Austin Peay with a check for $1,100 raised from SOCIAL EVENT: The chapter hosted a members of Psi Chi. The officers spoke program that provides holiday presents the event, which will help provide a debate to motivate students to have to many students who were interested in to local families in the community. stipend to veterans in their programs. discussions on controversial issues joining both the chapter and also about Members donated time and food items The other $1,100 raised at the Got Your in a competitive yet intellectual the past events held by the chapter. to serve students and faculty “on the go Six Throwdown will help their Psi Chi manner. The two judges were Dr. Choy tacos,” and built community goodwill chapter create meaningful professional Tsee Leng (advisor) and Joshua Yap by working with each other during the development so that members may (alumni member). Upon discussion, SOUTHEAST event. Members then selected a family someday help veterans, and others, the organizing team from the chapter from the Help an Elf tree and purchased through clinical work and research. chose the topic for this debate: “Should Austin Peay State University (TN) gifts for a local child, who they hope had University of Louisville (KY) chemical castration be mandatory INDUCTION CEREMONY: In its first-ever a wonderful holiday season. for sexual offenders?” By providing a fall induction ceremony, the chapter MEETING/SPEAKER EVENT: Dr. Zachary FUND-RAISER: The chapter participated platform for healthy debates on difficult inducted 28 new members into Psi Dietrich of Warrior Expeditions joined in the annual Walk to End Alzheimer’s topics, both the audience and students Chi! New members learned about the the chapter for its last meeting of the in September in Louisville, KY. The who participated had the opportunity significance of their Psi Chi membership semester. Warrior Expeditions is a Walk to End Alzheimer’s is the world’s to voice out and hear different through their speaker, beloved professor nonprofit that helps veterans heal from largest event to fight Alzheimer’s. Julia psychological perspectives outside of and Psi Chi member, Dr. Nanci Woods. their wartime experiences by facilitating Sadlo (member) organized the Psi Chi classroom scenarios. Dr. Stephen Truhon (advisor) read long-distance outdoor excursions such team and fund-raising page. The team RECRUITMENT: HELP Joint Clubs the Allegory of the Cave to students. as the Appalachian Trail, and conducts raised a total of $685 for Alzheimer’s and Society Day (HJCSD) was a local Members received their certificates and research on the effect of these hikes, research, care, and prevention.

MEETING/SPEAKER EVENT: The chapter Department Chair from the University favorite places such as local doughnut applying to graduate school to what life is collaborated with the Phi Delta Epsilon of Mary Washington’s Department of shops and popular restaurants like as a graduate student. The graduate Medical Fraternity to present the Psychological Science) spoke to the downtown and around campus. students represented a wide variety of Gelfand Lecture on October 11. Dr. Jesse new members about the importance fields ranging from clinical psychology H. Wright (Director of the University of of volunteering, especially post- University of North Carolina at Greensboro to behavior analysis to life-span Louisville Depression Center) was the graduation. The officers also continued MEETING/SPEAKER EVENT: The developmental psychology. All members, guest speaker. Dr. Wright coauthored the chapter’s tradition of presenting the chapter sponsored a pair of talks on especially those applying or who were Getting Your Life Back: The Complete Platonic Myth to end the ceremony on perennially popular career options for soon to be applying to graduate school Guide to Recovery from Depression, and an inspiring and humorous note. Psi Chi members. On October 24, Dr. found the panel very informative. is the principal investigator of an NIH- COMMUNITY SERVICE: The chapter Joseph Mazzola from Meredith College FUND-RAISER: Alongside the sponsored study on computer-assisted decided to create holiday cards for discussed industrial-organizational Psychology Club, the chapter hosted a cognitive behavioral therapy in primary members of Brain Injury Services (BIS), psychology. He focused on job holiday bake sale! The organizations sold care for treating depression. a day-program for survivors of brain opportunities and graduate-school everything from peppermint cupcakes COMMUNITY SERVICE: During October, injury in Fredericksburg, VA. Officers pathways for students. The following to holiday cookies! The proceeds from the chapter hosted its annual Fall Food and members came together to put week, on October 30, Alicia Kaplan, the bake sale were used to fund activities Drive. With the help of the campus their creativity to work to make each of from UNCG’s School of Social Work, such as monthly dinners prepared by community, a total of 1,228 pounds of the BIS members a personalized card. tackled some common misconceptions the chapter for the West Virginia Grief nonperishable food items were collected. Members also enjoyed a holiday party about social work, discussed how social Center and scholarships for Psi Chi Lexina Patel (program coordinator) and while making cards with fun holiday work is situated relative to clinical and memberships. The sale also funded Ashley Batliner (fund-raising chair) music and snacks. This event was a great counseling psychology, and described events like Psyc Night in which members coordinated the food drive with help way to relax before the rush of finals, graduate school paths. The meetings attended and made psychology-related from Tesnim Arar (president) and Dr. and an amazing way give holiday spirit ended with lively question-and-answer crafts such as “personality” bracelets Melinda Leonard (advisor). All goods to others in the community. sessions and informal networking with or enjoyed pizza while watching a were donated to the Dare to Care Food FUND-RAISER: The chapter has been the speakers. psychology-related movie. Bank in Louisville, KY. hard at work selling leftover Power West Virginia University Cards for 2018. Power Cards have University of Mary Washington (VA) discounts to several popular businesses MEETING/SPEAKER EVENT: The SOUTHWEST INDUCTION CEREMONY: The officers around Fredericksburg, VA, for students chapter and Psychology Club hosted a welcomed new members into the and community members alike. The graduate student panel at the chapter’s University of Arkansas at Monticello chapter by recognizing their exemplary officers have also been communicating monthly meeting on October 28. COMMUNITY SERVICE: The chapter accomplishments as undergraduate with new businesses to participate for During the panel, undergraduates participated in the campus’s annual students and informing them of next year, and it was a very successful had the opportunity to ask current Bullying Awareness Campaign on the purpose and expectations of effort! The cards for next year will have graduate students within the psychology October 18. Members of various Psi Chi. Dr. David Kolar (former discounts to some of the students’ department questions ranging from organizations gathered around the

Clockwise from the top left: Top left: Megan Jacobs (copresident) of the University of Mary Washington (VA) Chapter delivering the handmade holiday cards to members at Brain Injury Services! Top right: New University of Mary Washington (VA) Chapter members for the fall 2018 semester! Middle right: Induction speaker Dr. David Kolar speaking to University of Mary Washington (VA) Chapter volunteers about the importance of volunteering around the community. Left: West Virginia University doctoral students, Corrine Ahrabi-Nejad (left), Cory Whirtley (middle), and Jeffery Hughes (right), participate in a Graduate Student Panel at a chapter meeting to discuss their experiences in graduate school. Far left: West Virginia University members, Skylar Spanburgh (left), Amna Haque (middle), and Grace Childs (right) at a fund-raising holiday bake sale.

pond on campus, setting up booths that celebrated and honored new members discussed different aspects of bullying. with their certificates and prize Psi Chi Those participating created an open regalia. The induction ceremonies took Left: (From left to right) Brandi Brewster (member), Amanda Pennington, Kyra Hatcher (president for discussion about bullying, both in place at the end of the semester. 2018–19), and Dr. Seungyeon Lee (advisor) from the general and on campus. This allowed RECRUITMENT: At the beginning of University of Arkansas at Monticello. students to come forward with issues the semester, the chapter hosted a Below: (From left to right) The University of they had or had seen others having. Arkansas at Monticello Chapter’s Kyra Hatcher recruitment meeting and informational (president), Amanda Pennington (member), and CONVENTION/CONFERENCE: Three session. Last year, Dr. Jill Razani Julianna Mendenhall (vice-president). psychology students from the chapter (psychology department chair) urged gave a poster presentation at the students to join the chapter. Arkansas Symposium for Psychology Students (ASPS) in Conway, Arkansas. Pacific University (Oregon) The title of their presentation was COMMUNITY SERVICE: The chapter “Gender Difference in Big Five tabled in the student union building Personality Traits in Goal Contents That during Suicide Awareness Week. Impact Students’ Learning.” All student Members passed out pamphlets that received constructive feedback, as well had the hotline number and suicide as ideas to continue this research next spring and return with more findings. statistics, and handed out suicide awareness ribbons to students. RECRUITMENT: Chapter members WEST tabled at a Majorquest event on campus, which is intended to help underclass California State University, Northridge students choose a major. Members used SOCIAL EVENT: The chapter hosted this time to answer questions about the a Halloween party and Psi Chi psychology major on campus as well as regalia prize giveaway. Members and to promote Psi Chi. prospective members joined together RECRUITMENT: The chapter hosted Eat a to celebrate Halloween festivities in Slice With Psi Chi to recruit psychology costume on the university’s campus. majors and share information about INDUCTION CEREMONY: At the the chapter, supplying hungry college induction ceremony, the chapter students with pizza.

Workshop in Palin for firefighters Workshop in Escuintla for psychologists

everal months ago, many clear link between the catastrophe but we realized that facilitating them CHAPTER Guatemalans became and the experience I previously had with self-care strategies that could victims of a violent volcanic as a student with those patients. be incorporated to their daily routine SPOTLIGHT! eruption caused by the The Department of Psychology was needed. While living through Volcán de Fuego. As a result of Universidad del Valle de these difficult situations, we also Taking Care of of the situation, many people became Guatemala began a natural disaster learned through our experience the Saware, once and again, of the daily intervention support network super- increasing need to work preven- Those Who Care needs of many Guatemalans who vised by our Psi Chi chapter faculty tively. We have worked directly with By Paulina Manzo Caballeros live in extremely underprivileged advisor, Dr. María del Pilar Grazioso other psychologists and firefighters conditions. Groups of professionals, in collaboration with other faculty, in the southern areas of the country Psi Chi Guatemalan Chapter students, volunteer, families, organi- the day after the volcanic eruption. affected by the eruption. Although Viktor Frankl once said "We all have a zations, and others gathered together We gathered a team (which included the intervention support network specific vocation or mission in this life. to help the victims; some continue other Psi Chi members) and began continues to grow, we are aware of We all must specify a certain task. The their work today. As a student of psy- working with others who had been the work that remains to be done and helping in the affected areas. Some the increased need to follow up with world is in a complicated situation, chology and a Psi Chi member of the third chapter in my country, I had of our efforts included facilitating the workshop outcomes. Our goal is but unless we all start to give the best the responsibility to help the needy workshops to contribute to the wel- to take care of those who are caring of ourselves, it will become an even from my profession´s perspective. fare of helpers aiming at preventing for every Guatemalan affected by worse place." This came at a time when I recently burnout and the strong impact of a the volcano and any other affected concluded my internship with burnt Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. by our frequent natural disaster, children in the Child Burn Clinic of Our initial intention was to so we can later give interventions Roosevelt Hospital so there was a assist with those who were helping, directly to the victims.

University of California San Diego (CA) COMMUNITY SERVICE: The chapter volunteered at San Diego Rescue Mission's emergency night shelter for homeless women, children, and infants. They offered two art activities, the first being art on canvas bags so that homeless mothers and grandmothers could keep artwork made by their children/grandchildren, and the second activity being jewelry making. The chapter also fed the population dinner. In addition to an evening spent with the women and children, the chapter donated more than $3,200 in new and CHAPTER gently used clothing and shoes for all ages, infant care items, baby strollers, SPOTLIGHT! toys, and adult hygiene items. Huston-Tillotson University (TX) MEETING/SPEAKER EVENT: The chapter Above: Huston-Tillotson University (TX) Chapter’s third induction ceremony hosted a Superhero Therapy Workshop attendees: (from right to left) Archibald W. Vanderpuye (HT Provost); Colette and book-signing with creator and Psi Pierce Burnette (HT President); Taylor Frazier, Kristin Perry, Arquetta Gentry Chi alumni Dr. Janina Scarlet. They (inductees); Stephanie Sanchez (president); Tashala Thompkins, Pharard Gray learned all about this type of therapy (inductees); Myra Howard (co-vice-president); Nancy Benitez, Shanqua West (inductees); Dr. Andrea C. Holman (coadvisor); Andre Davis (inductee); and Dr. and did a hands-on activity. Members Debra L. Murphy (advisor). Also inducted, but unable to attend the ceremony were thrilled to have one-on-one time were: Daniela Mendez, Shawn Neely-Otts, and Laura Perez. Joshua Jones (co-vice following the workshop. president) and Jaylon Denkins (member) were unable to attend as well. COMMUNITY SERVICE: The chapter took Bottom left: Huston-Tillotson University (TX) Chapter’s third induction ceremony inductees: (from left to right) Arquette Gentry, Tashala Thompkins, part in the Out of the Darkness Walk in Pharard Gray, Kristin Perry, Shanqua West, Taylor Frazier, Andre' Davis, and Nancy San Diego for suicide prevention. More Benitez. Also inducted but unable to attend the ceremony were: Daniella Mendez, than 25 members participated, and as a Shawn Neely-Otts, and Laura Perez. chapter they raised $1,102 for the cause.

Top left: The University of California San Diego (CA) Chapter volunteering at the San Diego Rescue Mission's emergency night shelter for homeless women and children. Top right: The University of California San Diego (CA) Chapter at the Out of the Darkness Walk in San Diego, CA. Bottom left: California State University, Northridge’s Anita Roghanian (president; blue care bear) and Cece Hernandez (secretary; Harley Quinn) celebrating with members. Photo: Sandra Quintana. Bottom right: Sophia Henderson receiving her Psi Chi certificate and regalia prize at the California State University, Northridge Chapter's induction ceremony. Photo: Sandra Quintana.

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