8946 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 26 limitation, although we were not present and glad to do Thy will. Bless our land Page 2, lines 4 and 5, st_rike out "nonfer­ when the unanimous-consent agreement with honorable industry, sound learning, rous metal;" and insert "metal, or." Page 2, lines · 5 and 6, strike out "non­ was effected; but we do think there and pure manners. Save us from vio­ ferrous metal; flaxseed and linseed, and flax­ ought to be a short period of time in lence, discord, and confusion; from pride seed and" and insert "metal, or flaxseed or which we might place matters in the and arrogancy, and from every evil way. linseed, or flaxseed or." RECORD and make 5- or 10-minute pres­ Defend our liberties, and fashion into Page 2, iine 7, strike out "draw-back" and entations to the Senate, before the Sen­ one united people the multitudes brought insert "drawback." · ate proceeds to the consideration of the hither out of many kindreds and tongues. Page 2, line 9, strike out "draw-back" and Post Office and Treasury appropriation Endue with the spirit of wisdom those insert "drawbac·k." bill. . to whom in Thy. name we entrust the Page 2, line 10, strike out "merchandise," Mr. McFARLAND. I may say to my authority of government, that there may and insert "merchandise." good friend that I am hopeful we can be justice and peace at home, and that,· Mr. JENKINS. Reserving the right to finish that bill tomorrow. On Friday, through obedience to Thy law, we may object, Mr. Speaker, the minority ap­ as the hours grow later, it will be harder show forth Thy praise among the na­ prove these amendments. We have no to keep Senators on the floor. tions of the earth. In the time of pros­ objection to them. Mr. McCARRAN. I realize that. perity, fill · our hearts witli thankfulness, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Mr. McFARLAND. I would rather and in the day of trouble, suffer not our the request of the gentleman from North they would wait until after we finish. trust in Thee· to fail; all which we ask Carolina? Tomorrow will be Friday. That is why through Jesus Christ our LUnited States was commu­ REDUCTIONS IN FEDERAL EMPLOYMENT Mr. McFARLAND. I know what the nicated to the House by Mr. Miller, one Mr. WHITTEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask Senator has in mind. They would be of his secretaries, who also infarmed the unanimous consent to extend my re­ matters of business: not merely speeches, House that on July 23, 1951, the Presi­ marks at this point in the RECORD. and we might be able to dispose of them. dent approved and signed a bill of the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to They would involve the transaction of House of the following title: the request of the gentleman from Mis· business. I shall be glad to confer with H. R. 3804. An act to limit the retroactive sissippi? · the Senator about them. application of the income tax to employees There was no objection. Mr. McCARRAN. There may be some of the United States working in the pos­ Mr. WHITTEN. Mr. Speaker, I am in speeches in connection with them. sessions or in the Canal Zone. thorough agreement with the objectives Mr. McFARLAND. I do not think COMMUNICATION FROM THE CLERK OF of the Jensen rider which has been at­ there will be many speeches. But I shall THE. HOUSE tached to the several appropriation bills. confer with the Senator. I think we The SPEAKER laid before the House I believe most Members of the House are might arrange with him to dispose of the following communication from the firm believers in the objectives. the resolution about which he has spok­ Clerk of the House, which was read: The gentleman from Iowa [Mr. JEN­ en to me. I know what he has in mind. JULY 26, 1951, SEN] deserves. credit for having insisted Mr. McCARRAN. I thank the Sena- The honorable the SPEAKER, upon these reductions in Federal employ­ ~~ . House of Representatives. ment. However, it is my opinion that RECESS Sm: A certificate of election in due form mechanically the amendment would be of law, showing the election of Mrs. ELIZA­ Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I more workable if the various conferees BETH KEE as a Representative-elect to the would give attention to certain changes move that the Senate stand in recess Eighty-second Congress from the Fifth Con­ until 12 o'clock noon tomorrow. gressional District of the State of West Vir­ in the amendment. The motion was agreed to; and Foreign Affairs, and ordered to be , Thailand, Turkey, the Union of South the end of such quarter. Such provision printed with illustrations: Africa, and the United Kingdom. should provide that insc,far as practical Fighting units for Ethiopia arrived in such reduction should be made by not To the Congress of the United States: Korea in early May 1951, and units from filling vacancies. Either in the provi­ I transmit herewith, pursuant to the Colombia arrived in early June 1951. sions of the act or in the committee re­ United ·Nations Participation Act, a re­ Hospital units and ships from Denmark, port it should be provided that in making port on our participation in the work of India, Norway, and Sweden also are the reductions the agency should not the UniteJ Nations during 1950. operating- in the Korean area. substantially raise the average grade It is a record of decision and action in United Nations action in Korea has classification or average salary. the face of danger and, at the same time, been truly collective action. Concrete Such approach would bring about the a record of increasing efforts to promote aid in the form of combat troops, ships needed reductions. It would give to the human progress in the attainment of the and planes, field hospitals and medical operatin~ head of the agency leeway and basic objectives of the United Nations equipment, other equipment, supplies, discretion within his agency so as to meet Charter. It is for the ~nost part a rec­ and food has been made available by the workload· problems and require the ord of solidarity among United Nations 39 members of the United Nations; po­ reductions in those points where the members against aggression. litical support, by no less than 53 mem­ workload was least. And further this The struggle of the United Nations bers. These countries vary greatly in would see to it that the reduction made against Communist aggression in 1950 their abilities to contribute to a collec­ was on such basis as not to leave vacan­ has a deep significance that reaches be­ tive military operation such as that in cies at the lower level by keeping the yond the momentary successes and re­ Korea. Contributions equal in number higher-priced postions filled. verses recorded. This significance lies and identical in kind are obviously im­ I think this approach is workable. in the simple fact that the United Na­ possible. Nevertheless it must be recog­ Certainly I feel that my efforts in the tions acted promptly and resolutely, and nized that every free country, large and Congress would indicate that I am sin­ with success, against deliberate, treach­ small, is vitally-and I should say cere in my suggestions. I was the author erous, and well-prepared aggression. equally-interested in world security. of the Whitten rider last year which The aggressors and their ~upporters un­ Much has been said in the Congress limits the total number of employees to doubtedly believed that the organiza­ and in pu'.Jlic forums on all phases of. that of September 1, 1950, and which tion and its members would not come to. our action in Korea. Discussion and further prevents the upgrading of per­ the defense of Korea with timely and honest. criticism are in the best tradi­ manent employees which was done in effective help. It is probable that one tions of our people and are in fact essen­ the last war at a cost of about a billion of the purposes of the attack was to tial to the working of our system of Gov­ dollars a year in Government operating break down-through such a failure­ ernment. As on other subjects, I wel­ expenses. The rider which I wrote last any possibility of effective United Na­ come them in connection with our rec­ year is estimated to save about one-half tions action against aggression in the ord in the United Nations. ·Throughout billion dollars a year and wiU be up for future. the world, Communist propaganda has consideration for continuance in the next As the world knows, the United Na­ of course sought to represent this coun­ few weeks. tions met the assault squarely and with­ try's action as imperialism dictated by Mr. Speaker, I hope my sugge:;tion here out hesitation. In so doing, it made material interests. I do not believe that, may have the consideration of those han­ clear that an aggressor will not be al­ wherever the channels of opinion are dling the various conferences on appro­ lowed to isolate and destroy his victims free, our basic purposes will be misun­ priations. one by one. The United Nations elected derstood. Our action in the Korean TERMINATING THE STATE OF WAR BE­ to act now rather than to drift passively crisis was not dictated by any American TWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE once more down the fatal trail of failure material interest there. We neither GOVERNMENT OF GERMANY to oppose aggression which leads finally so·Jght nor do we seek any special posi­ to total war. Thousands of men have tion or privilege in Korea. Our action Mr. SABATH, from the Committee on there!ore sacrificed their lives in Korea in the crisis was motivated by our deep Rules, reported the following privileged to the end that millions may not lose conviction of the importance of prevent­ resolution foreign policy; one so plain all can a~tivity cot:ld best learn the pitfalls, 000,000 for the Voice of America Infor­ understand, so short none can distort. without great risk of more harm than mation Service? International information a'nd educa­ good. Mr. CLEVENGER. I think after I tional activities conducted by the De­ Third. What kind of personnel in the am through with my speech you will partment of State have been in progress way of education and experience should get the answer. for several years. The presumed pur­ be hired and how well such standards Mr. Chairman, in asking for this time, pose of the activities is to acquaint the have been applied in securing existing I had considerable misgivings that I people of other lands with American life pers0nnel. would touch off emotional oratory on and ideals and to develop in the hearts Fourth. An analysis of persons or this very important subject. This I do of other peoples friendship for the United units of Government which should be not wish to do. That front has been States. the point of impact of the activity to well covered. I want to justify this as a It is doubtful, as a n:r.. tter of fact, secure the result Congress had in mind rational necessary action for this House whether the United S4.iates is as well and whether the present activity is di­ to take. I am sure that no such sum as thought of in other lands as before these rected thereto and to what extent it is seventy millions would have been allow­ activities were undertaken on the pres­ effective. ed had we moved along 3 months ago and ent extensive scale. Fifth. An analysis of alternative marked up this bill following our action Propaganda seems to breed witliin means of securing ti~e impact. cutting eighty-nine millions off this fan­ itself a tendency to overstate, over­ None of these fundamentals have been tastic building project. emphasize, and overindulge the virtues the subject of investigative report. We had allowed $32,700,000 1 year ago which it seeks to extol. Further investigative report might well and the actual appropriation to this It also breeds counterpropaganda and consider among others the following: activity was $31,700,000, September 19, thus inspires in those who resent its The CHAIRMAN. The time of the 1951, when the joint action of the two extravagant claims an effort to publicize gentleman from Ohio has expired. Houses was agreed to the sum of $31,- the ridiculous, the base, the unfortunate, Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, 100,000, H/49; $34,000,000, 1950; plus and the unworthy aspects of the propa­ I ask unanimous consent that the gen­ $13,300,000 supplementals for building. gandist. tleman from Ohio may proceed for three For 1951, the $31,700,000 was allowed. The propagandist who thus subjects additional minutes. Late in 1951 came supplementals for himself to counterpropaganda provides The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection some $98,500,000, which your subcom­ the leads and openings for the adversary to the request of the gentleman from mittee cut to about $82,000,000, a sum of unless the activity is performed with the Ohio? money none of the men connected with greatest of skill, acquired primarily by There was no objection. this program had the knowledge or ex­ experience. Broad-scale propaganda is Mr. CLEVENGER. · What, if any­ perience to plan to spend. The result dangerous because the mistakes are so thing, does change the oriental mind, is this "oleo" of what the world and this far reaching. Slowly growing activities the German mind, the Russian mind, Congress is justly dismayed and con­ are not likely to make many mistakes. and the intelligentsia, the peasant, the cerned about. There is time for deliberation. As ex­ coolie, the government man, the indus­ It has caused these men to turn to perience is gained and techniques per­ trialist, and so for th. propaganda drives to sell their brain­ fected, comprehensive activities become Can people of other countries be made storm to the American public and to practical. friendly to us by talking about ourselves light fires under Members of Congress. This effort at rapid development of or by talking about them? Perhaps we Speakers were always available to run grand-scale activities by the Department should broadcast his ideas, and his here and there, before this and that of State probably accounts for the basis events, and extol his heroes. It is sure group of intellectuals and naive and in­ of criticism which has been directed he cannot live here and people are in­ nocent do-gooders and one-worlders, al­ thereto. terested in their own environment-not m1..st rivaling the sales campaign of a The investigative report which has that of the moon. famous Louisiana produ~t for the cure been submitted to this committee is We need an investigative report along of th·3 ills of mankind. No man can read superficial and not directed to f unda­ these lines and as well a :.mperficial the more than 200 pages of hearings on mental questions. It deals with internal critique of internal management minor this item and follow our chairman the organization-a minor matter in a rap­ errors. · gentleman from New York [Mr. ROONEY] idly changing new activity. It criticizes I was a member of the Herter Subcom­ as he patiently tried to find out what the slowness of the Department in the mittee on Strategic and Critical Ma­ mad~ this outfit tick without realizing addition of personnel. In fact, the De­ terials in 1947. In Europe I was amazed that they got many, many millions more partment should have been compliment­ to find that the so-called agricultural than they had the capacity to use. ed for this. It could hardly hire people experts of the State Department knew This $85,000,000 is $13,000,000 more until it knew specifically what they absolutely nothing about the great than we are allowing the whole State should do, to whom they should report, drought that covered the·Corn Belt of the Department for salaries· and expenses and where they should work. A job must United States and decreased our corn which sum is $73,000,000. We should not first exist with its duties clearly in the crop by a billion bushels. We were allow this army of employees to be re­ mind of the supervisor. making promises all over Europe which cruited to a strength of 12,000 and per­ It-the report-complains of minor we could not keep; yet I found in Nor­ manently saddled on our sadly harassed errors such as putting English books in· way and Sweden that both citizens and people. In these State Department private libraries. Some of .this kind of officials knew all about our drought and totals, for several years there appeared error would normally occur and be cor­ about our crop conditions and a lot more the sum of $70,000,000 for displaced per- rected. Perh9,ps some of it occurred be- about our country than our paid people 8950 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE employed by the State Department in Whatever ·may come in the ·way of Soviets have generated something base the 9 countries which the committee cessation of hostilities in Korea, and we and terribly evil. They deny man the visited. Let us rationalize this thing, all fervently wish for an early and con­ promptings of his soul, they befoul his and let us take a way some of these pre­ structive solution of that problem whose intellect, they corrupt his values, they cious millions before they clabber the toll has been heavy but unavoidable­ achieve if you please a metaphysical thing up any worse and make it almost whatever, I say may come of the nego­ crisis until the victim is so confused, so impossible to justify another appropria­ tiations, let us not for a moment delude mentally perverted, so at war with.him­ tion therefor. ourselves that the fundamental issues self, so murderous of his finer self that Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Chairman, I rise in between Russian nihilism and the west­ liberation through the blind fury of opposition to the pending amendment. ern world have been adjusted. physical destructiveness is a device eag­ Ordinarily I would not make this re­ If the guns should be 3ilenced in Ko­ erly embraced. Thus are legions of war quest, but in view of the fact I was ab­ rea, we have every expectation that else­ indoctrinated and mobilized, thus are sent in the Pennsylvania primaries and where throughout the world, the Soviet satellite countries crucified on crosses of could not take part in the general de­ war of propaganda will continue un­ their national honor, thus are increas­ bate on this bill, I ask unanimous con­ abated, and dangerous tensions will be . ing numbers o(human beings converted sent to proceed for 10 additional minutes. blown up to the near-breaking point; into Soviet units 'for conquest. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection it is almost a certainty that if quiet This is the enemy, Mr. Chairman. to the request of the gentleman· from envelops the Korean front, the Soviet Against him, planes and bombs and Pennsylvania? war of words will be continued in other tanks are not enough. Armament is There was no objection. theaters with renewed fury. necessary, and in great numbers, and Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I ask We ignore only at oul' own peril the accelerated production for total pre­ unanimous consent that all debate on fact that the Soviets employ propaganda paredness must be our keynote, but ·the pending amendment and all amend­ as a major instrument of policy both when all this is done and accomplished, ments thereto close at 1: 45 p. m. internally and externally. Over the I submit, Mr. Chairman, the job is only Messrs. cox and CRAWFORD ob­ bloody years of the forties, and in this partly finished-with equal urgency we jected. already war-inflicted ~ecade, dictators require the means to command the Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I ask have shown that in m·any instances prop­ spiritual, intellectual and cultural fire­ unanimous consent that all debate on aganda is more deadly than armament. power necessary to meet and defeat the pending amendment and all amend­ To realize how important the cam­ Soviet propaganda. ments thereto close at 2 o'clock, with the paign of truth is to the preservation of That is why we need a Voice of Amer­ last 15 minutes reserved· to the commit­ western civilization, and as a vital arm ica that is ever stronger and more pene­ tee. · in America's crusade of peace through trating. Mr. COX. Mr. Chairman, I object. freedom, one has only to think of the You ·ask me: "How about the Voice? Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Chairman, it has vast prison the Russian Empire has be­ Is it getting through the iron curtain?" been my privilege to have had the great come, to dwell for a moment on the ·The answer, gentlemen, is an emphatic honor recently to have represented this plight of the imprisoned souls' in that "Yes!" Yes, the Voice is getting through distinguished body on a mission that spiritual and intellectual dungeon. and this despite the ambitious efforts carried me over several continents and We must never c~ase trying to get the of ·the Soviets to keep it out. many thousands of miles. I have, in sunlight of truth to those poor people; From the far reaches of the Baltic to fact, just returned· from that journey, we must never abandon them to the the Pacific outpost of Vladivostok, from which held for me and my traveling col­ deadly fare of the ~ie, of inspired hate, the sunny climes of Sevastopol to cold leagues several striking lessons. to calculated distortions all of which de­ Murmansk, the Voice of America is get­ The overriding impression I gained grade man and soil him in the sight of ting through to the Russian people. from that experience is that in the con­ his Creator. To reach these · prisoners It is not for idle amusement that the fiict between the democratic man and we need the Voice of America. politburo · has ordered round-the-clock By words and deeds we must go on jamming behind the iron curtain to the Stalinist man, the Red front is every­ · keep out the Voice of America. The where. showing our allies abroad that America is aroused in power spiritually and phys­ concentrated, organized effort of the No corner of the world is spared the Kremlin to silence the Voice is the great­ insidious and of ten harrowing efforts of ically so as to restore situations of strength that will give the Soviet ma­ est possible tribute it could be paid. the Kremlin conspirators to extend their The truth hurts where the main traffic domain. · rauder pause-and we must register the conviction with the free world and is in lies·.· Equally true is the fact that men of others that if a resort of arms finally be­ Does anyone doubt the Voice of Amer­ good will everywhere are looking to the comes necessary, the people of the ica is hitting hard in the campaign of United States for the leadership and United States will stand unflinchingly truth? Eloquent evidence of its telling the moral and physical strength that until the dread evil of Soviet aggression effectiveness is to be found in the pages flow therefrom to counter, check, and is destroyed. To carry on this effort of of Pravda, which reacts quickly and fre­ overcome Russian expansionism; they persuasion and conviction we need a quently with violence when the Voice has are looking, too, for u:> to establish a strong Voice of America. scored a hit; it is to be found in the testi­ condition of strength that will allow for To the captive peoples of the satellite mony of defectors who have been fortu­ a stabiUzed world situation to make pos­ countries we must continue to bring, as nate to flee the captivity of the iron­ sible an equitable peace. the Voice of America is now doing, words curtain prison; it is to be had from When I say the Red front is every­ of hope and encouragement and assur­ American Embassy officials; yes, the where I mean that literally. The battle ance; messages which will revive old Voice is being heard in all parts of Russia for the extension of the Stalinist domain memories and stir new hopes. Not the and throughout the satellite countries. goes on night and day, round the clock, least dastardly and nefarious technique As we consider the matter of funds and the prizes are not only territory, of Soviet nihilism is that it not only can­ for the campaign of truth, it is perti­ ports, and raw materials but more im­ cels out the future for the individual but nent for us to remind ourselves that last port&.ntly the hearts, minds, and souls of it systematically and unmercifully de­ December 20 Czechoslovakia passed a men. · law for the defense of peace which pro­ stroys the past. Is it any wonder then vides for penalties of from 1 to 10 years Given the object lesson of the Krem­ that its unlucky victims, caught up in its in jail for spreading "warmongering lin's diabolical program, seeing how far spiritual void, so often yearn for the de­ news," or "propaganda." Certainly such and menacingly the confiscatory hand liverance of death. Through the Voice legislative action speaks volumes for the of the Politburo reaches, viewing the of America we can sustain these inno­ effectiveness of the Voice. spiritual ruin and the dehumanized end cent victims in hope. For a moment let us turn to Bulgaria prvducts of Soviet nihilism, one can say 'rhe challenge we face is an unscrupu­ from which country we have the written in all tn~th and sincerity that he is lous enemy who seeks to transform the statement that employees of Radio Sofia thankful to God that we have a cam­ world of civilization into a jungle land base openly admitted that their station paign o.f truth, and that the Voice of populated with dehumanized automa­ has fewer listeners than the Voice of America is on the spiritual firing line. tons. Be sure of it, Mr. Chairman, the America. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8951 Again, Reuters News Agency, after a . 90,000,000 people. The Wireless Bulletin tomers, and then compare .those figures survey, is responsible for the statement issued by this division, and which is mon­ with the money that is herewith re­ that in1Hungary "No one who can pos­ itored by 60 of our diplomatic missions quested to advertise the greatest product sibly help it ever misses the Voice of in many parts of the world, is a fast­ America has to sell to the world: the America." It is worthy of especial com­ moving news rnrvice which is produced story of American democracy, its works ment that :in Hungary and Bulgaria the in fotil" editions for Europe, the Near and achievement. By any measure­ Communist regimes have enacted East, Latin America, and the Far East. ment of good business practice, you can measures which look to sweeping regu-. For the most part, each bulletih runs readily see that we fall short of what the lations pointed at listeners to the Voice about. 7,000 words. After it has been trade would call an adequate budget. of America. translated into the local language it is It is only too well known that one of Everywhere signs are multiplying that made available by our information serv­ the wishes entertained in the Kremlin is frontiers of freedom are being extended ice offices to foreign press agencies and that America, in her heroic response to as the Voice of America gets through. newspapers. So again, is the American the growing threat of Soviet expansion- By your own knowledge you are aware Story dramatically and tellingly un­ . ism will so weaken herself that eco­ that the Voice currently is making a · folded. no~ic collapse will ensue and the inter­ great political capital by asking in its Supplementing this unique informa­ national Communist conspiracy for broadcasts why Stalin does not publish tion service is a 10-page Air Bulletin world mastery will be realized by default. in Russia Congress' message of friend­ that is sent out twice a week; also for­ · None of us here in this Chamber wants ship to the Russian people .. This con­ warded are special articles and magazine to be profligate with public funds; we stitutes a real poser for the Kremlin reprints from 250 American magazines; are aware that unwarranted expendi­ and the people who are hearing the Voice and by technical newsletters and pamph­ tures from the National ~reasul'."y only in Russia cannot help wondering why lets which provide basic information help the enemy. Pruden0e and caution Stalin refuses to make the declaration about the United States. must be our guides in appropriating of friendship public. And word travels You gentlemen should be toid that last funds; now having said this, ~ also say quickly behind the iron curtain. year the omce of Information and Edu­ that ·t would be ar.. equally serious error In just recent days, the Voice has been cational Exchange, the over-all title of to indulge in unsound economy in this an effecdve instrument in exposing the these various functions we are discuss­ vital matter. unfair "tactics of the Communists in the ing, printed and distributed 4,946 ,380 For my part, I would favor a great~y Kaesong negotiations, just as on June 6 booklets and leaflets. This year output expanded appropriation. I am firm m it taunted Malik to declare himself un­ was increased to 50,250,000. This year the conviction that more funds than are equivocally on peace in Korea. some 50,200,000 posters have been dis­ herein c~ntemplated could be spent The Voice of America constantly has tributed, carrying the free world theme. wirnly and profitably in the campaign. of told the facts on the Oatis case as it has The figures show also that last year, the truth and to the advantage of America attacked the Hungarian Communist re­ libraries conducted under this program and the free world. Certainly when we gime on this "legal" farce. were visited by more than 24,000,000 per­ consider the need anj effectiveness of It is an impressive report, Mr. Chair­ sons seeking the truth about the United this program and then compare it with man. which shows that the Voice in the States, and honest information about the the expenditures for outright arma­ prior fiscal year increased its foreign­ world in which we live. ments, I contend we have seriously short­ language programs from 29 to 46; in the A very important part of the opera­ changed ourselves. All of you are aware, last month, 6 new programs have been tions we are here considering is the ex­ I am sure, that the politburo elevates started and now the Voice is going into change of persons program. Last year propaganda to such a level of importance Stalin's home baliwick, Georgia. nearly 7,000 persons were ex~hanged that Russia is outspending us in money, You will be interested, I know, to with 56 foreign countries. This program output and volume by a ratio of about learn that the Voice headquarters in this has been found most effective in building 5 to 1 in this realm. And you may be country now receives approximately world understanding. sure that such would not be the case 1,000 letters a day from listeners abroad, Through the private enterprise unit unless the masters of the Kremlin were the vast majority of them attesting to its activities many worth-while programs convinced such activities paid off hand­ great worth, many of them containing are stimulated and carried through to somely for their side. constructive criticism, and not a few of successful conclusion through the en­ But be that as it may, and sacrificing them smuggled, probably at the risk of lightened cooperation of American busi­ my personal desires in the matter, the death, from behind the iron curtain. ness and industry. Public-spirited book . fact remains that we are here confronted I would ask you to remember, gentle­ publishers have made thousands of text­ with a bill that makes provision for what men, that the Voice of America is in it­ book remainders available to the pro­ I consider a minimum program. I would self only one phase of the many-sided gram; books, pamphlets, and magazines prefer much more and am certain I could campaign of truth, which has been well have been made available; and 48 State make out a firm case for a higher figure, characterized as an "American insurance governments have given 283,000 booklets but certainly I will never agree to any­ plan to try to prevent world chaos." for distribution. Cultural affiliation has The campaign of truth is responsible been a very profitable activity for us in thing less than the committee has au­ for the establishment of United States winning friends and understanding of thorized. information centers in 132 cities our way of life; the town affiliation pro­ Just so I am equally certain that my throughout the world, one recently hav­ gram has brought notable results in in­ worthy colleagues of the committee who ing been closed in Budapest. Those cen­ ternational amity and progress. The have wrestled long and earnestly with ters are supplied with news, books, maga­ letters from America campaign con­ this matter-and we have had our zines, leaflets, maps, special exhibits. tinues to grow in volume and infiuence. strenuous but honest differences of opin­ The International Motion Picture Divi­ So in virtually every conceivable form ion-are equally set that to cut below sion issuing the valuable medium of the .and way, the campaign of truth has pro­ this total of $85,000,000 would be a mis­ filnl to tell our story in far-flung places. gressed notably. I would be unfair to take of the first magnitude. Motion picture experts are turning out myself, Mr. Chairman, and to every­ What I am doing, then, Mr. Chairman, a variety of films which are bringing the thing I cherish in life and my credo as is making a virtue of necessity and advo­ American Story to millions in an inter­ an American who believes in man as a cating a course of procedure which I am esting, entertaining, and convincing way. creature of God, endowed with inaliena­ convinced is inadequate, but one which In many areas of the globe, this is ad­ .ble rights, if I did not, at this crucial I now realize is practically necessitous. judged one of the most telling ways in .time, speak with all the force and sin­ Just for a moment, Mr. Chairman and which to get our story across. cerity I can summon in behalf of a Not to ply you with statistics but it is strong and effective campaign of truth. gentlemen, dwell on the mighty epic of part of this campaign of truth story that Speculate for a moment, if you will, integrity, id~alism, sweat and honest the International Press and Publications upon. the gross · economic product of labor, ingenuity, and great aspiring that Division produces news, feature mate­ America and make a mental calculation go into the making of the American rials, and pictures which reach more than of the substantial sums, reaching into dream-all of which spell freedom. 10,000 foreign newspapers and periodi­ the tens of millions, that are spent ad­ - Dwell then for the sake of contrast on cals with an estimated readership of .vertising those products to potential cus- the outrageous things that are being 8952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 26 done in the name of Soviet expansion­ will try to beat us to the punch-if punch Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. We want ism: Naked aggression, the organized at­ it is to be. sufficient time to discuss this matter. In such mistaken idea by Stalin of Amer­ tack to drive God out of men's lives, the ica long-term ir..tention, European leaders Mr. ROONEY. I do not want to shut forced labor camps, the mock trials, the see any main possibility of a new world war. off anybody, but I think we should have uprooting of families, with the attendant Accordingly, many are alarmed by much some limitation of debate on this par­ cruelties this forced exodus visits upon they hear broadcast over here by the official ticular amendment. the very young and the aged-all of Voice of America-the official radio program Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. After all, which spell slavery. of our own State Department. It is con­ . there is $15,000,000 involved in this Think of those two pictures, speculate stantly baiting Stalin, addressing broadcasts amendment. It should be worth a little to him personally with great violence, taunt­ upon the kind of a world we will have in, ing him, calling him a coward and a qluffer, of our time. say, 1984 or 1964, dependent upon which and everything else. When I hear it much Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, I system prevails; consider that words are of its sounds to me like Nazi Goebbels talk­ move to strike out the last two words. weapons in the hands of the enemy, then ing directly to Stalin in language about as Mr. Chairman, a few days ago I made consult your conscience, and vote. violeut as Goebbels ever used. a statement on the floor that the Soviet Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. Chair­ European leaders are against appease­ Union was spending between one and man, I move to strike out the last word. ment. They don't like Stalin any better two billion dollars ·each year for propa­ than we do. But they're also against what Mr. Chairman, I support the amend­ sounds to them like belligerence-absolute ganda purposes, the objective of which ment offered by the gentleman from out-and-out belligerence by the United is to undermine the resistance to Com­ Ohio [Mr. CLEVENGER]. States. And if the Voice of America sounds munist domination in different nations, Mr. Chairman, I think there is a place like that to them, how must it sound to and the ultimate objective of dominat­ in this cold war for a sound and sensi­ Stalin? Stalin will go to war, or not go to ing and enslaving all the peoples of the ble Voice of America program. I am sat­ wai', depending on what he thinks about world. In connection with that I wish to isfied that at the present time the cut his own future. To broadcast to him in call to the attention of the members of provided in the amendment as offered by language, tones and words like Goebbels did-and for all Russia to hear-is a pro­ the committee that Jack Mccloy, the the gentleman from Ohio is reasonable; foundly important dangerous blunder. It High Commissioner in Germany, esti­ $70,000,000 is sufficient until the program contains within itself the disastrous possi­ mated· that they are spending $500,000,- is reorganized. I want to bring to bear bility that Stalin may figure it's his neck 000 a year in Germany alone. I know in support of my position part of a radio anyway that we're after-and if it's going that Jack McCloy is very highly regarded broadcast which was made by Henry J. to be war from us sooner or later, as it was by many Members of this House and his Taylor from Switzerland just last Mon­ from Nazi Gecmany, :Q.e'd better beat us to opinion is certainly powerful evidence. day evening. I think it is very impor­ the punch, for he would have less to lose by doing so, than by waiting until we got all In North Korea we find that they had tant because he discussed this matter of built up and hlt him first. enrolled 1,300,000 Koreans · in Soviet­ the Voice program. Korean cultural societies. He goes on to point out that the peo­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the In 1949 alone they translated into Ko­ ple of Europe know that the United gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. SMITH] rean and published some 500 Russian States is not militaristic; that we are not h~, s expired. books. Of two of the~e books alone it has over thete to acquire territory. But he Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. Chair­ been found that they distributed 537 000 points out that they are worried about man, I ask unanimous consent to pro­ copies. Almost 70,000 lectures and don­ something we may do to stir up a war. ceed for one e.dditional minute. certs were given in North Korean by Let me read just part of what he says: The CHAIRMAN. Is there objec­ Sovi~t ar.tists, writers, and others in 1 This brings me then to the main question tion? year. worrying the Swiss-the same question I Mr. MARSHALL. Mr. Chairman, re­ In the Eightieth Congress there were found worrying many leaders in Britain and serving the right to object, we have spent France. Informed. European leaders know set up two advisory commissions· of dis­ 2 days on this particular bill in general tinguished citizens to study this program America is not imperialistic. * * * They debate. There are a few people who know that American defense is, in fact, not want to be heard under the 5-minute and report to the Congress semiannually only the def~mse of America but the inten­ on the progress of the program. Who sive defense of the free world. In short, rule. We want to finish the bill today. are ·they? Harvie Branscomb, · chan­ they do know that the intention of the I am not going to object to the gentle­ celor of Vanderbilt University. United States is honestly and truly de­ m9,n h~wing on~ additional minute, but fensive. I do feel constrained to object to any ·Mark Starr, educational director, In­ "But," they ask, "does Stalin know it?•• other extension of time during the dis­ ternational Ladies Garment Workers They say whether Stalin knows this or not cusison of tl,lis bill under the 5-minute Union, and that is a very sound, progres­ is the main risk of war. The great worry rule. sive union; there is no communism there. among leaders I have talked with is that The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman is Harold Willis Dodds, president of Stalin may confuse the United States of to­ Princeton University. day with the Germany of the past. Once recognized for one additional minute. our arms are built up, once our ships are Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin- Edwin B. Fred, president of the Uni­ out of mothballs, and our soldiers trained, And thuJ it could upset our whole as­ versity of Wisconsin. our tanks and artillery out of the factories, sumption· over here, namely, that Stalin is Martin R. P. McGuire, president of our airplanes standing on the airfields-does unwilling to risk all-out war, and that's Catholic University. Stali::i thin:,: he is going to be attacked why you'll find so many thoughtful Eu­ There is the membership, and their the ·.-like he was finally attacked by Hitler ropeans actually more alarmed at this mo­ report issued only a short while ago is after Hitler finally got ready? ment about America than about Russia. Stalin certainly does not understand one of commendation of the work being America even as little as we understand The CHAIRMAN. The time of the done by those in charge of this pro­ Russia. He probably h as no understandable gentleman from WiS•JOnsin has again gram. There is, of course, no such thing idea why the United States went into the expired. as perfection; there is no such thing as a last war-Russia, under same conditions, Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I won­ perfect human being; I am not perfect; would not have done so. In short, the der if at this time we cannot agree upon none of us is perfect, and you cannot American nature is probably a greater puz­ some limitation of debate. have perfection;. but there is the report zle to Stalin than his nature is to us. they give to the Congress of the United So ,come, for a moment, to the Kremlin Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. itself. If you or I could ask Stalin one Chairman, I would like to have 5 min­ States. question-and could perform· the magic of utes. Otherwise, I shall have to object. Here is the United States Advisory getting an honest answer-here ;s the over­ Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. Commission on Information. They is­ riding question we should ask: "Generalis­ Chairman, I object to any such request. sue a very fine report saying this pro­ simo Stalin, in your ignorance of America, The CHAIRMAN. No request has gram is being efficiently administered, have you made up your mind that in the been made yet. long run, sooner or later, the United States that its personnel has been greatly im­ will attack you, when America's arms are Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. The gen­ proved and is being steadily enriched by built up, as Germany attacked you when tleman was wondering. I was just put­ specialists of larger experience ·and Germany was ready?" For if Stalin thinks ting an end to the wondering. talent; that the expansion authorized by that when we get all dressed up we are, in Mr. ROONEY. I do not know what the Eighty-first Congress as the cam­ any case, going some place, and that the the gentleman from Minnesota is so paign of truth is being effectively car­ some place we are going is against him, he worried about, but it is all right with me. ried forward. Who are the men who 19.51 . CONGR.ESSIONAL. RECORD-HOUSE 8953 make up this Commission? Let me Now let us see what the policy of the ganda efforts with them. Yet, the fore­ read their names: Soviet Union is in the battle of minds on going survey reveals that our propa­ The Radio Advisory Comm1ttee which the ideological level. The Soviets have ganda, especially the Voice of America, consists of the following P.ersons·: Judge stated that there can be no breathing could be called a substantial flop in in'!" Justin Miller, chairman of the board of space in the ideological warfare. Pravda, ftuencing the thinking of those people. the National Association of Radio and which speaks the policy of the Soviet While this is but one piece of evidence, Television Broadcast~rs, and member of Union, in an item dated the 22d of June it is much more credible than a dozen of the United States Advisory Commission 1946, said: the instructed-witness testimonials of on Information. On the ideological front we must and shall the State Department. Erwin D. Canham, editor of the fight not by passive resistance but by active Now, Mr. Chairman, I would like to Christian Science Monitor. and increasing attack on the enemies. This report to the House about a recent ex­ Philip D. Reed, chairman of the board, is what the writing of Lenin and Stalin perience of mine with the State Depart­ General Electric Co. teaches; this is in accordance with our traditions. ment, an experience which constrains Mark A. May, director of the Institute me to support every effort to bring under of Human Relations at Yale University. One further observation: I exhibit be­ control the reckless operations in that Wesley I. Dumm, president, Associated fore you posters used by the Soviets in Department of the Government. Broadcasters, Inc., San Francisco, Calif. their propaganda villifying America and You all recall the contents of the State Donley F. Feddersen, president, Uni­ exalting the Soviet Union. Department Formosa policy document, versity Association for Professional The committee has already reduced an official propaganda instruction sheet Radio Education, Northwestern Univer­ this item by $30,000,000. It would seem outlining tactics filled with deceit and sity, Evanston, Ill. to me that an additional reduction of double talk. Jack W. Harris, general manager, Sta­ $15,000,000 would be unwise. I hope the Following the revelation of that docu­ tion KPRC, Houstoil, Tex. amendment is not adopted. ment, I sought from the State Depart­ Henry P. Johnston, general manager, Mr. BUFFETT. Mr. Chairman, I rise ment a list of the titles of similar In­ Station WSGN, Birmingham, Ala. in support of the pe~dinE:; amendment. formation Service guidances issued in Edward Noble, chairman of the board, Mr. Chairman, I rise in support of the 1950 and 1951. American Broadcasting Co. Clevenger amendment to reduce the It seemed reasonable to me that a . John F. Patt, president, Station funds for the Voice of America. I am Member of Congress might well inform WGAR, Cleveland, Ohio. constrained to· be considerably skeptical himself a bit in this field after the shock­ Meff ort R. Runyon, executive vice of all the rosy claims that are being made ing details of the Formosa paper. president, American Cancer Society. for this propaganda medium. G. Richard Shafto, general manager, I did not ask for the policy papers Propaganda of this sort is a delicate themselves. All I ~ought was a list of Station WIS, Columbia, S. G. weapon, and its merit is hard to appraise. Hugh B. Terry, vice president and gen­ titles of such propaganda papers, so that I have asked many people at random I might have at least an inkling of what eral manager, Station KLZ, Denver, how they feel about propaganda of for­ Colo. the State Department is doing in this eign, nations in this country. In every field. The general business advisory com­ case, they have replied either that they mittee, which consists of the following I was turned down with some pious resent it or that it irritates them. phrases about the material being classi­ persons: Consequently, I am inclined to wonder Philip D. Reed, chairman-and mem­ fied and confidential. why there is so much confidence in the Mr. Chairman, I do not disagree with ber of the United States Advisory Com­ idea that other peoples will not be re­ mission on Information. the proposition that sometimes material sentful or irritated by our propagandas. of this kind should be classified and con­ James A. Farley, chairman. of the Are they a different type of humans? board, Coca-Cola Export Corp. fidential. The instructed-witness testimonials But I submit to the House that it is Ralph T. Reed, president, American of the State Department concerning the Express Co. a highly unsatisfactory and unsound effectiveness of the Voice of America situation when a Member of Congress, W. Randolph Burgess, chairman of leave me cold. I am much more inclined the executive committee, National City representing the people of America, can­ to be impressed by a survey recently not get to see even the titles of propa­ Bank of New York. • conducted among 293 seniors at Silliman Sigurd S. Larmon, president, Young & ganda directives by the State Depart­ University High School in the Philip­ ment. Rubicam, Inc., advertising. pine Islands, as reported in a recent William M. Robbins, vice president issue of the Christian Century. I suggest that the people would rather for overseas operations, General Foods trust any and all Members of Congress Corp. · That survey revealed that only 46 per­ in preference to any of the pinks, punks, David A. Shepard, executive assistant, cent of these students believed that and perverts that have been found nest­ Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey. America is more concerned for the wel­ ing in the State Department. J. P. Spang, Jr., president, Gillette fare of the peoples of the world than are the Russians. The American people have lost con­ Safety Razor Co. fidence in the management of the State Claude Robinson, president, Opinion With a ·statement that Russia is "an imperialistic nation which hides its Department, and rightly so. Research Corp. This is the same State Department Warren Lee Pierson, chairman of the greed for land and power by pretending to be a friend of the common man," only that carried out unlimited collaboration board,. Transcontinental & Western Air, with Russia during and after World War Inc. 47 percent agreed. Meyer Kestnbaum, president, Hart, It was the opinion of 45 percent of the II. Until there is a house cleaning in Schaffner & Marxo students that Russia would have done that Department the American people The work- of the Ideological Committee more for the Philippines if she had been are in constant peril. They are in the is devoted to the consideration of spe­ in power there for the past two decades. · hands of a State Department that reeks cial projects and participants in the It was the belief of 45 percent that with incompetence, or worse, in many work of this rotating committee are per­ religious denominations are not pro­ of its branches. sons with outstanding experience in the hibited from holding services in Russia, That fact that it can, by unlimited field under study. Each meeting will and of 55 percent, that more than one propaganda, confuse and bewilder the consist of a new group of specialists. party was represented in Russian elec­ Congress to the point where no effective The first group of such specialists were: tions. clea:..1-up is required, is a frightening George Gallup, Institute of Public The foregoing record of the results of phenomenon, and a menace to our sys­ Opinion. the Voice of America as it has performed tem of Government. George S. Counts, Teachers College, in the Philippines is disillusioning, to Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I move Columbia University. that all debate on the pending amend­ Allen W. Dulles, director and presi­ say the least. dent, Council on Foreign Relations. We have controlled the Philippines ment and all amendments thereto close Elmer Davis, news analyst, American for five decades. We have spent hun­ at 2: 15, the last 15 minutes to be re­ Broadcasting Co. dreds of millions there, and we have served to the committee and to the gen­ Alexander Inkeles, Harvard University. many other advantages in our propa- tleman from Michigan [Mr. FoRDJ. 8954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 26 Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, a point I was in England when the voice of This is a relatively new agency with an of order. the old OWi under Elmer Davis was op­ immense task before it. As all large The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will erating, and that was no good. businesses or Government agencies new state it. Some of that propaganda they put out to their jobs, .it has undoubtedly made Mr. TABER. The gentleman's motion is very much like the material I re­ mistakes and could be improved in its is not in order. ceived this morning in the mail from the services. The opponents , to this appro­ Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I with­ Office of Price Stabilization. It is being priation would be rendering the Nation draw the latter part of the motion and sent out over my district. It is this a service by taking a position of telling move that all debate on the pending "Mike at the dike" from the Pendergast how its functions can be improved, but amendment and all amendments thereto machine in :r'!issouri telling us what to the only position most have taken is one close at 2:15. do about inflation. of opposition. The question was taken; and on a We have the domestic voice of infla­ The Russians have become masters of division Korean war soap, and, yes, even dog food, no one [Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN]. broke out I was in Seoul. I had the op­ can compete with us. portunity there of listeni:ig to the Voice Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. Chair­ But too long we have been content man, if this was truly the Voice of of America on two different occasions. with the platitude, "That these things I blushed with shame. I am sure every we hold to be self-evident," when we America, I personally would vote $200,- Member in this Chamber would have think of democracy. .Self-evident to 000,000 for it, if that much could be felt the voice did not represent America. freemen, yes, but not to those who read advantageously expended to counteract It was not the Voice of America that I and listen to a censored press and radio. Soviet propaganda. But I am disturbed wanted to hear. I wanted to crawl It is these people who must be reached. over what the gentleman from New away some place and apologize for it. I '!'hey must be told the true story of the York [Mr. TABER] and others have in­ want a real strong, honest voice that United States. . The Voice of America is formed us to the lack of constructive gets results. an effective way of telling them. efforts by the group in control of this "'1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8955 program. I voted for the establishment Translation of an average of less than all capable Americans. Their cry stands of this program several years ago but I 11 important and politically effective out in my memory above everything else, feel that it is more than a waste of books into the languages of 30 countries, "Get us the Voice of America into these money to approve the present opera­ each of them vital to our defense effort; countries. The Russian propaganda is tions. Bringing to this country an average pouring in. What ·we need more than Just study the remarks of the gentle­ of about eight influential public opinion anything else is a true story of America n1an from New York [Mr. TA:...:lR] of the leaders from each of the free countries through the Voice of America." other day and you will see the details. of the world; and The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Let us keep this in mind. Even with this 'l:he operation of a world-wide news gentleman from Maryland has expired. cut we are asking here this group will service, reading room, and general in­ The Chair recognizes the gentleman still have more money than they had formation program with an average of from California [Mr. WERDEL]. available for the very same purposes for less than one American abroad for every Mr. WERDEL. Mr. Chairman, I took the fiscal year 1951-that is, if you do million and a half persons in the free this time for the reason that in listen- not take into consideration the construc­ world. . ing to the debate during the last 2 days tion money which was made available I call your attention to what the gen­ I noted that the gentleman from Ne­ in supplemental appropriations and tleman from Massachusetts [Mr. Mc­ braska [Mr. STEFAN] had given testi­ other appropriations in 1951. Why CORMACK] just read to you of what the mony from lis ~ .3 of the higher-salaried should we in all good common sense Russians did in one place-in North Ko­ employees in the State Department in give this group more money than this rea-alone. I was going to read the same categories which he himself had placed past fiscal year and thus approve the thing. Just compare the magnitude of them in for the purpose of his discus­ job which they have not done by increas­ that propaganda effort in only one coun­ sion. I also notice that the RECORD for ing the amount of money appropriated try with our whole information job. the last day does not show those lists for them. I hope -the Clevenger amend­ That is the competiti-0n we must meet. and the gentleman did not incorporate ment will prevail. General Eisenhower said in his address them. I take this time today to ask our The CHAffiMAN. The Chair recog­ to the Congress in February last that we colleague [Mr. STEFAN] if he has any nizes the gentleman from New York need a strong Voice of America, "a very objection to putting those lists in the [Mr. JAVITSl. much stronger information service." RECORD at this point. Mr. JAVITS. Mr.· Chairman, will we A private businessman like Cass Can­ · Mr. STEFAN. Is there any special ever understand that we are in ·a war­ field, chairman of the board of Harper . purpose that the gentleman has in & Bros., writes to me as follcws: mind? partially hot in Korea and partially Mr. WERDEL. The special purpose cold? This modern cold war emergency I am familiar with the State Department's book program. I think it is well adminiS­ I have in mind is that I believe the consists of three parts; military, eco­ expanding nature of this budget is such nomic, and ideological. This is the ideo­ tered, and feel very strongly now that it would be a great mistake to cut it below the that the Members have difficulty in un­ logical phase we are debating here. We modest amount expended in 1951. derstanding it unless they remain here are probably going to vote $60,000,000,000 on the floor. I think in the future, for for arms without batting an eye, and That would mean retaining the com· this year and next year, it would be to here we are trying to cut the heart out mittee's amount in the bill. the interest of all of us to turn to this of this appropriation for a correlative In view of what we are voting for arms, }:.1rt of the RECORD and look at the element of our defense which the Sub­ I ask you whether you want to tie our names of those gentlemen v:ho handling committee on Appropriations has al­ hands behind our backs just for the sake the high-salaried jobs in the State De­ ready cut very materially. Certainly if . of this short-sighted kind of economy to partment. this was a Voice of America program save $15,000,000 on a program vital to Mr. ROONEY. Is the gentleman doing the full job that needs to be done the national defense which the subcom­ aware of the fact that every one of the we would vote it $3,000,000,000. mittee has already cut $30,000,000. I names in the State Department is in­ It is not a complete ideological pro­ am for encouraging the subcommittee cluded in the budget? gram and has many deficiencies but does and not for crippling our own efforts in Mr. YIERDEL. I am well a ware of that mean we have to shut it down and the ideological field in the grim struggle that. :..:iowever, they are not categoried against communism by thiS kind of cripple it completely? It is analogous to as the gentleman fro~ Nebraska has me, to shutting down 20 percent of the short-sighted economy. done in connection with his remarks. power and light plant in your commu­ The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ Mr. STEFAN. I have already had nity because you do not like the man­ nizes the gentleman from Maryland [Mr. permission to _extend my remarks and agement. SASSCER]. include such material. There is quite I, too, want a separate establishment Mr. SASSCER. Mr. Chairman, I rise a voluminous list. 'i 'he only list I have for the foreign information program as to testify rather than to make a speech. is in the office of the Secretary. Would does Senator BENTON. I want ·many A few years ago it was my privilege, as t:':le gentleman be satisfied to list those other things, and I am going to fight for a member of the subcommittee of the in the higher brackets? them. But in the meantime the Rus­ Committee on Armed Services, to visit Mr. WERDEL. Just ir. the higher sians are stopping with their ideological a number of countries and the Arabian brackets; yec. warfare and we cannot stop here. oil fields where four American compa­ Mr. STEFAN. Then I will place thvse nies, known as the Arabian-American in the RFCORD at this point, under the Mr. Chairman, what are a few of the Oil Co., had gone in as private industry, things we ate doing with this $85,- permission previously given me. without a dime of subsidy, drilled wells Mr. WERDEL. I thank the gentle­ 000,000? Just to show you how very and constructed a pipeline across to the man. little you can do with $85,000,000-and Mediterranean, making the outlet sev­ if you cut it you will do even less than The list referred to follows: eral thousand miles closer. Office of t h e Secretar y this inadequate amount-is the follow­ There we talked, not the State De­ ing : partment, about whom disparaging ref­ Name GraDean Acheson ______------$22, 500 hours to China, and one-half hour each at its best. William D. Pawley ______GS-15 ______11, 000 Bromley K. Smith______GS-15 ______10, 5 ~ 0 ~ India, Pakistan, Thailand, Malaya, May I pause for a moment to say that Marshall D. Shulnlan______GS-14 ______8,800 and Indonesia; Luci us D. Battle______GS-13 ______8.600 I do not subscribe to some of the remarks Barbara Evans______GS-13 ______7,600 Publication of less than 1 pamphlet, that have been made because the Am­ George William Foster______GS-13 ______7,600 leafiet, or poster for each 15 persons in bassadors that we found in the countries Mildred J. Asbjornson ______GS- l L ____ 5. 600 Esther C. Grab. ------GS-11 ______5, 600 the free world; _ we visited, men like Allen, in Iran; Dunn, Dorothy H. Morgret______GS- 9______4, 850 Production of one 1-hour motion pic­ Mary L. Meyer______GS-7______4, mo in Italy; Dougla~ MacArthur, and his su­ Marie A. Benda______GS-6 ______3, 825 ture program every 2 weeks; perior in Pari.s.; and several others were Sara Nell Gregg ______GS-5______3, 475 8956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 26

Office of the Secretary-Continued Salaries and expenses, Department of State. Office of the Under Secretary (including Bureau of Far Eastern Affairs Atomic Energy staff )-Con-tin-ued Name Grade Annual rate Name Grade Salary Annual Name Grade rate GS-5 ______$3, 225 EllenKathe E.rine Burton Gurnett__------______GS-4 ______Office of the Assistant Secretary: 2,875 Dean Rusk ___ ------Unclassified. $15, 000 GS-4 ______2,875 GS-17 ______Bernice Holstein ______GS-5 ______WilliAnitaam W. J. Pawley Kelly ______------_ GS-3 ______Livingston T. Merchant ______12, 200 ~3, 100 3,130 John K. Emmerson ______GS-15 ______10, 330 Genevieve L. West______GS-5______3, 100 fames R. Warren ______GS-3 ______3, 130 Daisy A McClure ______GS-4 ______CPC-4 ____ _ Merrill C. G!\Y------GS-lL---­ 10, 000 2,875 !fames Thomas Payne ______2, 770 Samuel T. Parelman ______c_ GS-3______George T. Eades ______CPC-3 ____ _ GS-15.------10, 000 Katherine W. Murray ______2,650 2, 732 Ruth E. Bacon ______GS-15 ______10, 000 Stephen Payne_------­ CPC-4 ____ _ 2, 930 Philip Sullivan ______GS-14 ______8,800 Truman McCray_------CPC-4 ____ _ 2, 770 Total (20)------124, 887 Cyrus Peake ______GS-14 ______9, ·SQO -~ ~ Robert C. Yost______GS-14 ______8,800 Total (20) ______------131, 975 GS-13 ______Policy planning staff and counselor 7,600 GS-lL---- 5,400 r'ou~~e~~Kr~~~~~~~======Frances H. Rawlings ______GS-9 ______4, 850 Office of the Executive Director: Office of the Special Assistant for Fisheries Annual William D. Wright______GS-15_ : ___ _ Name Grade rate 10, 700 John G. DeGooycr______GS-lL---­ 8,800 and Wildlife Charlton Ogburn ______GS-IL---- 8,800 Harold Waddel!______GS-14 ______$15, 000 8,800 Charles A. Wade ______GS-13 ______7,600 -as=-1s======14, 000 Solomon Silver______GS-13 ______Annual Walt~:srg~.Fer Thurston______N~:~~~~======GS-15 ______13, 500 7, 600 Name Grade rate Henry Villard______GS-15 ______Basil Capella ______GS-13 ______8, 000 13, 200 Walker W. Smith ______GS-12______Dorothy Fosdick______GS-15 ______10, 750 6,400 Robert G. Hooker, Jr ______GS-15 ______John W. Beckwith ______GS-12______7,000 GS-15______10, 750 Thelbert F. Taylor______GS-12______Wilbert M. Chapman ______$10, 750 Carlton Savage __ ------GS-15 ______10, 750 6,400 Isla V. Davies ______GS-13 ______7,600 Lampton Berry______GS-15 ______Ernest J. Hortum ______GS-IL ___ _ 5, 400 Warren F. Looney ______GS-13______10, 750 Wellington Z. Myers ______GS-ll ______7,600 fohn Davies, Jr ______GS-15 ______10, 700 5,400 Fred E. Taylol' ______GS-12 ______6,400 lTohn H. Ferguson______GS-15 ______Frank P. Lockhart______GS-lL ___ _ 5, 400 10, 000 John R. Heidemann ______GS-IL ___ _ Dorothy G. Peacock_------GS-6 · ---~-- 3, 950 Charles B. Marshall .: ______GS-15 ______10, 000 5,400 Betty F. Blackwood ______GS-5-. ____ _ 3, 100 Robert W. Tufts______GS-15 ______Roland C. Fields ______GS-IL_ ___ _ 5, 400 Marion D. Harris ______10, 000 Elizabeth Hallagan ______GS-9 ______GS-3 __ ----- ~ 2,810 Philip H. Watts.------GS-15 ______10, 000 5, 225 Doris K. Orton ______GS-3 ______2, 730 GS-9 ______4,600 Alace May Harvey_----·------GS-11 ..• ~-- 5,600 RobertRuth Kelly_------Johnson ______- -_ 4, 725 GS-9 ______4, 600 Total (8) ______------44, 940 Office of Chinese Affairs: 4,600 Oliver E. Clubb ______GS-15 ______, Velma~~f~~hd'. A. ~ni!e::~~~======~= Heine______GS-7___:&~=~======__ _ 4, 325 12, 400 Troy L. Perkins ______GS-15 ______10, 000 Amelia H. Allen ------~ -- GS-6 ______4,075 GS-15-. ___ _ Elizabeth N. J.fosciw ______GS-6 ______.3,825 Robert W. Barnett _____ ------10, 750 Office of the Science Adviser Leonard L. Bacon ______GS-lL ___ _ 8,800 Maryl H. Woolford_------GS-6 ______3, 825 Wallace W. Stuart ______GS-13 ______Jean Bryan_------~----- GS-6 ______3, 700 7,600 Naomi Rene Sutphin______GS-6 ______Kathleen C. Dougall ______GS-13 ______7, 600 3, 700 Horace F. Amrine ______GS-13 ______Adele B. Slama______GS-6 ______3, 575 8,000 Annual Shirley B. Goodman ______;____ GS-6 ______Ashley Guy Hope ______GS-13 ______7,600 Name Grade 3, 450 GS-12______rate Martha K. Pritting______GS-5______3, 725 William 0. Anderson ______6,400 Richard Johnson ______GS-ll______5,400 Nancy H. Matthews______GS-4 ______2,875 GS-9______Lloyd MoraritY------CPC-4 ____ _ 2, 752 Harrison Holland_------4, 725 Joseph B. Koepfii______GS-15-.____ $11, 000 Office of Northeast Asian Affairs: Walter M. Rudolph______GS-14______8, 800 U. Alexis Johnson ______.. ____ _ GS-15 ______Total (27)------204, 152 10, 700 Betty I. Wright______GS-5-._____ 3, 350 Robert J.C. McClurkin ______GS-15 ______11, 000 Mildred L. Shaver______GS-5______3, 225 Gerald Warner ______GS-15 ______10, 000 Joyce A. Chris~ie______GS-5_-______3, 100 Noel Hemmendinger ______GS-15 ______10, 000 Office of the Assistant Secretary for GS-14 ______Congressional Relations Arthur B. Emmons !IL______8,800 Total (5) ______------29, 475 Robert Fearey _------­ GS-14 ______8,800 Grand total, Office of the GS-14 ______8,800 Under Secretary (33) ______:______206, 390 C. Thayer White·------~- -­ GS-13 ______Annual Willis Lory __ ------8,400 Name Grade rate Douglas W. Overton ______GS-13 ______7,600 Charles A. Fraleigh ______GS-13 ______7,600 Joseph Carwell _____ ------GS-13 ______8,000 Deputy Under Secretary !rack K. McFall ______------$15,000 Edwin N. Cronk ______GS-13 ______7, 800 Ben H. Brown, Jr______GS-16 __ : __ _ Selma G. Kallis ______GS-13 ______11, 200 Alice Dunning ______7,600 Florence Kirlin ______GS-15 ______10, 750 GS-12______6,400 Philander P. Claxton, Jr______GS-15 ______10, 750 Henry Fralinghuysen ______GS-ll ______5, 400 Annual Horace H. Smith______GS-15 ______Walter Truemann ______GS-9 ______Name Grade 10, 700 GS-9 ______5, 225 rate Allen B. Moreland ______: _ GS-15 ______10,000 Davy H. McCalL ______4, 600 . George 0. Gray______GS-14 ______8,800 Office of Philippine and South- Louise White ______GS-13 ______8,400 east Asian Affairs: H. Freeman Matthews______------$15, 000 . Clara G. McMillan______GS-13 ______7,600 William S. B. Lacy ______GS-15 ______10, 000 Aaron S. Brown______GS-15 ______10,000 William H. Dodderidge ______;__ GS-13 ______7,.600 !Tohn F. Melby______GS-15 ______10,000 Frederick E. Nolting______GS-15 ______10, 000 Edith V. Mamish ______GS-9 ______5, 100 William M. Gibson ______GS-15______10, 000 Marion A. Johnston ______GS-12 ______7,000 Bennie Mae Stevens ______GS-9 ______5, 100 Charles J. Shehan ______GS-15-. ___ _ 10,000 Ann K. Hartwell ______GS-9 ____ : __ 4, 975 B. Beatrice Ruffin ___ : ______GS-9 ______4, 725 Kenneth P. Landon ______GS-lL ___ _ 9,800 Audrey C. Hastings·---~------GS-7 ______4,200 Mary M. Walker ______GS-9 ______R. GS-14 ______8,800 Altus J. Ackerman______GS-5 ______3,475 4,600 Austin Acly __ ------Richard L. Spells ______GS-4 ______Florence Grendon.------~----- GS-7 ______4,075 Leonard S. Tyson ______GS-14______8,800 2,930 Annette F. Vollmer______GS-7 ______3,950 Robert E. Hoey______GS-13 ______7,600 Milrae E . Jensen______GS-7 ______3,825 Robert A. Burman ______GS-13 ______7,600 Total (8) ______------57, 580 George Winnett, Jr ______GS-7 ______3,825 James L. O'Sullivan ______GS-13 ______7,600 Louise Hines______GS-6 ______4,075 Wymberly DeR. Coerr ______GS-13______7, 600 Ruth I. Filsinger ______; ______GS-6 ______3, 700 !Tohn F. Shaw ______GS-13______7,600 Mary Ann Sames ______GS-6 ______3,450 Francis G. Jarvis ______GS-13__ ___ ~ 8,200 Executive Secretariat, Office of the Director Norma Griffin ______GS-5 ______3,475 Benjamin Bock ______GS-12______6,800 Helen McAllister______GS-5 ______3, 100 Temple Wanamaker------GS-12______6,400 Barbara E. Mason ______GS-4 ______2,875 Dallas M. Coors ______GS-lL_ ___ _ 5,400 Henry Williamson ______GS-11 ______Curtis A. White_------CPC-4 ____ _ 2, 770 5,400 Name Grade Annual James 0. Holland______CPC-3 ____ _ 2, 412 E. Edward Schefer ______GS-9______5, 350 rate Total (26)------~------161, 857 Offi

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8958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 26 made is because I fear that such a re­ certain individuals they do not like and the ideals and institutions for which we duction might do away with some of the not thinking about the American people. have fought and stood for 164 years, I highly essential operations of the Voice Mr. Chairman, I yield to the gentle­ will support it, but I will not support the of America and related agencies. Re­ man from Michigan. cheap, dirty stuff that has gone out cently this particular danger was vividly Mr. FORD. Mr. Chairman, this let­ and against which members of this com­ brought to my attention by a letter I re­ ter goes on further to say: mittee protest. ceived from a very close personal friend, This is an informal letter to a friend, and That is exactly the way I feel about a doctor who happens to be in Pakistan not any formal report to my Congressman. I it, and I have a lot of people in my dis­ at the present time. I will read excerpts am in no position to incur the wrath of trict who wil~ back me up on that. the State Department, or dabble in politics, from bis letter. either Pakistan or American. My chief job The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ The CHAffiMAN. The time of the is to provide expert surgical help to a dis­ nizes the gentleman from New York gentleman from Michigan has expired. eased and underprivileged people, and that [Mr. ANFUSOJ. The gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. job I thoroughly enjoy. However, I am in­ Mr. ANFUSO. Mr. Chairman, I MARSHALL J is recognized. tent on serving my country here in any way would like to add a quote from the So­ Mr . . MARSHALL. Mr. Chairman, I I can, and I am prepared to do almost any­ thing to help stop the flood of communism viet Home Service of Moscow. The men yield to the gentleman from Michigan. in the Kremlin, it appears, are r.ot in Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, re­ that seems to be engulfing us on this side serving the right to object, if that was of the world. It is past the eleventh hour, favor of the Voice. They share with a u:.lanimous-consent request--- but if we all work with speed and intelli­ some of my good friends here on the gence, I firmly believe we can still save the :floor the belief that the Voice should be The CHAIRMAN. It was not a unani­ East for democracy. mous-consent request; the gentleman curtailed if not completely silenced. from Minnesota was recognized and I bring this situation to the attention Listen to this: yielded to the gentleman from Michigan, of the Committee, because my friend With the object of befuddling the brains which he bad a right to do. wants and needs help in Pakistan in of the peoples of Marshallized countries and of converting them into obedient tools of Mr. FORD. This letter i~ from a combating the insidious influence of Soviet Russia. There is a chance this the criminal plans of the· warmongers, United friend of mine who happens to be a States ruling circles are striving, on the one physician µ,nd surgeon in Pakistan. He reduction in the committee figure will hand, to flood these countries with reac­ writes as follows, and I think every prohibit the proper expansion of our tionary man-hating propaganda, literature, Member should listen to this very anti-communism programs throughout films, and periodicals, pi:.opagating the pres­ closely: the world. This cut might harm our ent aggressive course of United States policy; and, on the other hand, they are insisting I am now a surgeon attached to the United efforts when and where we need to go Christian Hospital in Lahore, serving as forward the most. that the governments of Marshallized coun­ It seems to me that we are most un­ tries should in their turn develop and in­ rather an independent missionary. I think tensify the praising of American ideology and we have the only plastic-surgery Cli!J:iC in wise to cut these funds any further. the American way of life. · Asia, and we are building a modern American There is already at 32-percent cut in hospital in the country which is at an ex­ this appropriation item. We know of I should also like to quote 'from the tremely low ebb medically. the many millions of dollars Soviet Rus- column of that great columnist Drew We have stepped into this medical vacuum and are trying to do a good job as Americans sia is spending to jam the Voice of Pearson, of Tuesday, July 24, 1951: in an area which is under heavy fire from America throughout the world. It would vo1cE AND OATIS LINKED Soviet propaganda. There is a growing an­ be tragic, in my humble judgment, for Reports from behind the iron curtain in- tipathy toward the Western democracies in us in the House of Representatives at dicate that one reason for the seizure of AP this part of the world, as the feeling of this eleventh hour to jam the Voice of Correspondent William Oatis by Czechoslo­ nationalism in the countries so long under America by slashing Voice of America vakia was tP.at American propaganda domination of the West increases. The sit­ funds more than the ::.2 percent already through the Voice of America and radio free uation is very cleverly exploited by Soviet recommended by the Committee on Ap- Europe is hurting. Russia, and it seems to me they have han­ When the Commies want to get some­ dled their campaign with disturbing effi­ . propriations. America needs a louder thing out of the u. s. A., their crudest but ciency. and clearer Voice and we cannot obtain most successful technique is to· seize an Much to the dismay of our State Depart­ that result by this amendment. - American citizen and hold him as a hostage ment, the Soviets swamped a medical con­ Mr. SUTTON. Mr. Chairman, the until we come across with the ransom. The ference a couple months ago with prominent Russians are spending millions of dol- reported ransom iri this case is to curtail the Russian doctors, and got the key places on lars promoting their interests. Per- Voice and RFE, both really hurting the Com- the program. I was invited to attend at the sonally, I think American democracy and mie government. Before Foreign Minister last minute through the aid and assistance freedom is worth more than $15,000,000. Clementis was purged, the Voice made a of Ambassador Avra M. Warren as a repre­ The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog- categoric prediction that he and eight sentative of the United States, and was given other top Czechs would be arrested. For a place on the program through the courtesy nizes the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. weeks the Voice pounded home this predic- of th~ Pakistan Medical Conference Program CRAWFORD]. tion, giving the exact names of the prospec- Committee. The Soviet scientists gave out Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, I tive victims. The Czechs listened but were with 100 percent propaganda from beginning am in favor of the Clevenger amendment skeptical. Then suddenly Clementis was to end, but they were given an ovation be­ to reduce the appropriation. The gen- arrested and with him four of the eight the fore and after every speech regardless. My tleman from Texas referred to the great Voice had named. All Czechoslovakia own talk, which was purely surgical and seethed at the news. The accuracy of the illustrated with color movies, was well re­ disbursements made for advertising by Voice was commented on everywhere, and its ceived, and I was besieged afterward by stu­ the tobacco people, the liquor interests, listening audience was doubled. dents who wanted to know all about medi­ the Coca-Cola Co., the beer companies, NoTE.-Despite the State Department's re­ cine and medical education in the United and so forth. Those concerns spend markable propaganda job, the budget of the States of America. Later in the Soviet Em­ their own money, they do a good job as Voice and other propaganda projects had bassy there in Karachi we delegates were they see it of appealing to the consumer, been slashed to ribbons. Congressmen who treated to another barrage of Soviet propa­ and they get dividends on the money have been doing the mutilation have been ganda in the form of beautiful color movies spent. I protest against the cheap paltry invited to come to the State Department purporting to show that all was peaches and briefing room and get the story (much of it cream behind the iron curtain. dividends the American people have re- confidential) of what the Department is do- ceived, and those in my district in par- ing. However, only two or three have Mr. MARSHALL. That substantiates ticular, for the tax dollars they have put bothered to get acquainted. the information I have received from into the State Department's Voice of former Congressman Gale, of Minnesota, America. If I had my way about it I In heaven's name, Mr. Chairman, are , that the Office of Information is doing would cut out the entire program as now we to play the Moscow game here on the a splendid job in that part of the world. carried on by the state Department and very :floor of the United States Congress? The CHAffi¥AN. The Chair recog­ keep the appropriations withheld until a I am for the Voice. If I needed any nizes the ,gentleman from Tennessee genuine American program was designed convincing of the effectiveness of its [Mr. SUTTON]. to go on the air. work, these wild protests coming from Mr. SUTTON. Mr. Chairman, it is a. · Now; then, if you want to put a genu- the Kremlin would do the job. Let the crying shame that some Members are ine Voice of America on the air which "galled jade wince." I am in favor of opposing this amendment b~c~use 01 ~ 1·epresents the people of this country,. _ adding another prick to the spur. ,, .

1951- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8959 The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ We should have one strong coordinated tiveness, in order to get at one or two nizes the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. Voice. All of these competing Voices ·gentlemen whom they dislike. Does it HAYSJ. of America should be brought together make sense to take funds a way from an Mr. HAYS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, I in order that our Voice will become activity which they admit · is vital? Of think perhaps the gentleman from Ten.. stronger and more effective. course it does not. You cannot breathe nessee [Mr. SUTTON] put his finger on Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, will the life into something by destroying the the crux of the situation when he said gentleman yield? element which gives it life. You cannot that a great many people object to cer­ Mr. STEFAN. I yield to the gentle­ revitalize an agency by denying its funds. tain individuals in the State Depart­ man from New York. You are making an appropriation now ment and are venting their wrath on Mr. TABER. The trouble with the for the entire year. You are making an this appropriation. For example I dis­ Voice of America is that it is not doing appropriation now to spread the Ameri­ agree thoroughly with the almost daily a job. That is the reason why many can way of life and the American con­ diatribes and arguments of the gen­ of us are terribly disturbed. · Frankly, cepts of democracy throughout the tleman from Nebraska [Mr. BUFFETT] for my own part, I would not for a mo­ entire world. that the cure for all the ills of this coun­ ment think of such a thing as cutting Mr. Chairman, war is brutal and try and the world is a return to the gold this item if the money were being spent tough; psychological warfare no less standard, but I do not advocate the aboli­ effectively. But when we have such than any other type. You cannot waltz tion of the Co~RESSIONAL RECORD be­ situations as Mr. Hulten, who was in through a war. You need firepower­ cause his remarks appear in it. I have charge of it, and who had failed for so you need firepower for ideological war­ not heard anyone say what specific per­ long, and who moved out of being in fare, as well as for active battle, and son in the Voice of America they would charge, but is still on the payroll, and weapons creating firepower must be like to get rid of or what particular William T. Stone, whose name was in the paid for. If you cut this appropriation scripts they want to get rid of. There paper 1n connectibn with the Senate in­ it would have the same effect as though are probably some scripts that should_ vestigation, and that type of folks, it you had taken bullets and gun~ a way be changed and some people perhaps disturbs me. Frankly, the whole picture from the soldiers who are fighting your should be replaced but you ought to in­ battles on the war fronts of the world. is that they are putting out a lot of stuff. Mr. BENTSEN. Mr. Chairman, will dict the individual rather than the Reports come in to the State Department whole program. . the gentleman yield? from our embassies indicating how little Mr. YATES. I yield to the gentleman There is another thing. There are a it is being heard. from Texas. lot of things that are going on in the The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ Mr. BENTSEN. The gentleman. from propaganda field that we cannot talk nizes the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. Michigan in addressing his remarks to about. Right up here in _the gallery sits YATES]. my talk was concerned with dividends. a representative of the Russian press. Mr. YATES. Mr. Chairman, if the Although the gentleman from Michigan If he is not there now he has the privi­ comments of the gentleman from New did not yield to me at the time, I should lege by consent of the Members of this York [Mr. TABER] are correct, God help like to say to him that in the battle for House to be there. Therefore I must say us, because in the struggle in which we the minds of men he can measure his I have in this envelope certain confiden­ are engaged today with the Soviets all dividends in gold star mothers if this tial documents that the Voice of Amer­ over the world we certainly need propa­ program fails. ica has prepared and are putting out ganda warfare, and it is necessary that Mr. YATES. The gentleman is cer­ behind the iron curtain in conjunction we prosecute such warfare relentlessly. tainly correct. I say to the House that with people who are fighting for freedom Bullets alone will never kill an idea or a this is an important vote. This is vital behind that iron curtain that I cannot belief. Only a superior idea or belief in maintaining the struggle against the explain on the floor because I do not can win. Soviet throughout the world. We must want the Communists to know about it. As I walked into the Chamber the ma­ carry it on through an effective means But I am permitted and authorized to say jority leader, the gentleman from Mas­ of propaganda ,in order to supplement that I can show them to any Member of sachusetts [Mr. McCORMACK] handed and assure total victory in our fight this House who is interested. I think me some propaganda sheets the Rus­ against the forces of oppression. they are effective. Some Members have sians are spreading throughout the The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ looked at them. All I ask is that we do world. Let me show them to you. This nizes the gentleman from New York not have any leaks like we did with the poster is an example of what the Rus­ [Mr. TABER]. B-36 program when certain Members of sians are spreading throughout the Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, the thing Congress gave the Communists more in­ Middle East. The picture on the left about this proposition is just this: Unless formation than all Stalin's spies. There has · the phrase, "We ·are transforming we serve notice on the Voice of America are a lot of things that the Voice of deserts into blooming lands." On the by adopting this amendment that we America is doing that we have not dis­ right it shows American bombers ob:. want that place cleaned up and made cussed, and as someone has said here, viously going over Korea, and it states, effective, and the people put in charge of it is hurting the Ccmmunist puppet "They are transforming cities and vil­ it who can do a job in supporting the governments. I was in Czechoslovakia lages into deserts." Do you want no United States of America, we will in­ about a year and a half ago and I know answer to these? Will you let these lies deed be building an army of gold-star that some of the propaganda that Amer­ prevail because you refused funds? mothers. That is where our trouble is. ica ts putting out is hurting. It is the This amendment would give victory to we are not doing the job. I want to truth, and the truth always hurts, and the Soviets by default. congratulate the gentleman from New I know that it is hurting those regimes ·Here is another poster; one that is York [Mr. ROONEY] on the efforts he behind the iron curtain because they· being spread throughout China and Ko­ has made. But we have to go further. do not want their people to know how rea. Translated, it says, "The American We have to make them clean up and people in America live. world order, the military adventures of have a good Voice of America. God help The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ the imperialists hold in store for them us if we do not have the courage to meet nizes the gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. only catastrophe." This one is going this situation and tell those people that STEFAN]. all through the Far East. This one is they must clean up and have an effective Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, there going through the Middle East. If we Voice. I was disappointed when the ma­ is very little opposition to an effective· are not meeting them through the Voice jority leader came here and produced a Voice of America in these times·of world of America and our educational service, list of these prominent people who he crisis. I have heretofore spoken on this then, as I said before, God help us, for said were members of the Advisory Com­ subject at great length. I think the any victory we may win will be empty mittee. I talked with a member of the Members know my position and my feel­ and short-lived. Advisory Committee a little while ago, ings, that we will never have an effective The difficulty with the approach of who said he had not been called to a Voice of America until it is coordinated the Members on the left side of the meeting in a year. The editor of the and until we eliminate the duplication aisle, it seems to me, is that although Saturday Evening Post, who was on that and competition which the Voice of they profess to support the Voice of committee, has never been called to a America as we know :lt is facing today. America, they want to cripple its effec- meeting, and he wrote just a little while 8960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE JULY 26 ago just what he thought about the sit­ I must ask that the so-called Clevenger permitted to continue. The whole ques­ uation and the way it was not being car­ amendment be voted down. tion seems to be: With what? ried on for . the good of the American The CHAffiMAN. The question is on The good sense and patriotism of the people to get across the message of where the amendment offered by the gentleman American people have been outraged, not America stood. I want to see that done. from Ohio [Mr. CLEVENGER]. only by the ineptness of so much of the I want to see somebody who has some Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, on program material but also because of the knowledge of the psychology of the peo­ that I ask for tellers. fact that at least a portion -of it has ple to whom he is broadcasting doing Tellers were ordered, and the Chair­ been very definitely un-American, de­ the job. I want to see them putting man appointed as tellers Mr. RooNEY voted to the thesis that America is not something across. If we do not tell this and Mr. CLEVENGER. now an indissoluble constitutional Union fell ow that he cannot go along in this The Committee divided; and the tellers of 48 States, but that it is a weak and way any longer, it is just too bad. That reported that there were-ayes 136, noes afraid government, seeking to merge its is all. 167. fortunes into some illusory and fan­ Mr. Chairman, I hope this amendment So the amendment was rejected. tastic world government. will be adopted and that we will make a Mr. WOOD of Idaho. Mr. Chairman, Mr. Chairman, we cannot afford to move toward a real Voice of America. I offer an amendment. hitch our wagon to that kind of a star. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ The Clerk read as follows: In the first place, that kind of motive nizes the gentleman from New York [Mr. Amendment offered by Mr. Woon of Idaho: power is too erratic. It tends to pull ROONEY]. Page 15, line 25, before the period insert a this way and that as it is dominated by Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, in an­ colon and the following: "Provided. further, the dissonant voices of ethnic and reli­ swer to the distinguished gentleman That funds appropriated herein shall not be gious majorities. available for any broadcast of any informa­ In the second place, our wagon has too from New York [Mr. TABER], I say that tion about the United States until the radio this committee has already served that much in it. It has the glorious record script for such broadcast has been submitted 300 notice to which he refers, when it cut to and approved by a committee of members of years of unparalleled success in this appropriation from $115,000,000 to of the Daughters of the American Revolution, working out the majority of our national $85,000,000. Let me point out this to appointed by the president general of such aims. Our wagon not only carries these you. In the marking up of this item of organization." - achievements; it carries the hopes of the world that it shall continue in just this this bill, every single member of the Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I make subcommittee present, both majority form. We are a governmental light set a point of order against the amendment upon a hill of accomplishment. and minority was ill agreement with the on the ground that it is legislation on an exception of the gentleman from Ohio We certainly cannot submerge this appropriation bill. kind of an America in the Sargasso sea who now offers the amendment to cut The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman the appropriation to $70,000,000. of conflicting and always inferior mon­ from Idaho desire to be heard on the grel and selfish aims of peoples who have The gentleman from Ohio, the gen­ f3int or order? tleman from New York [Mr. TABER], and yet to demonstrate they understand one Mr. WOOD of Idaho. Yes, Mr. Chair­ jot or one tittle of what we are sup­ others who have spoken in support of man. the pending amendment have been op­ posedly trying to carry to them. Free­ The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will only dom canno ·~ be carried to a people in a posed -to having any Voice of America hear the gentleman on the point of for a long time past. paper bag. It is a plant of slow growth, order. which must first be implanted in the soul I say to you definitely that if you Mr. WOOD of Idaho. Mr. Chairman, by Almighty God. adopt this amendment the radio broad­ I submit that this is a limitation and not The Voice should leave the realm of casting and the overseas missions of the legislation. mirages and abstractions and tell the Voice of America would have to be cur­ The CHAIRMAN. Has the gentleman story of America as she is. To that end tailed below the minimum program level completed his statement on the point of my amendment ieaves the editing of the considered essential by your committee. order? program material ·used by the voice to The six new languages approved by the Mr. WOOD of Idaho. Yes. the DAR, which is one of several organi­ committee could not be added to the The CHAmMAN (Mr. COOPER). The zations which may yet be depended upon broadcasting schedule. We would be Chair is prepared to rule. to blow the trumpet of America without cutting our radio broadcasts to Russia The gentleman from Idaho [Mr. the fuzzy overtones of a hybrid and un­ below the minimum requirement of 3 Woon] has otiered an amendment which American ideology, deeply resented by hours daily, or our 1 % hours to the has been reported by the Clerk. The the majority of our people. If my European satellites, or our half-hour gentleman from New York [Mr. Roo­ programs to such vital countries as NEYJ makes a point of order against the amendment be adopted, we need have India, Malaya, Indonesia, and Thailand. amendment on the ground it is legisla­ no further fears as to what kind of a We must not allow our statis overseas tion on an appropriation bill in violation message shall be beamed out to the world. to fall below the present ratio of one of the rules of the Rouse. The DAR is nonpartisan and deeply American for every million and a half The Chair invites attention to the fact patriotic. Mr. Chairman, I hope my persons of the free world. The Krem­ that the amendment definitely provides amendment may be adopted. lin has one propagandist for every 660 for certain things to be done and invites Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. people in the world. If the $70,000,000 attention to a decision rendered by the Chairman, I off er an amendment. proposal is accepted, it will mean that distinguished gentleman from Michigan The Clerk read as fallows: Russia's expenditure of over a billion [Mr. MICHENER] in which it is stated: Amendment offered by Mrs. ROGERS of dollars a year, not counting the money Massachusetts. Page 15, following line 2&, An amen'iment withholding expenditures insert a new paragraph to read as follows: spent by the satellites and the native of appropriations unless and until certain "There is hereby created a select commit­ Communist parties, will give her a 15 books were supplied free to the National tee to be composed of seven Members of the · to 1 fire-power advantage over us. Library for the Blind is ruled out of order. House of Representatives to be appointed by May I point out to you further that The amendment very clearly contains the Speaker, one of whom he shall designate if you adopt this amendment offered by legislation which is sought to be offered as chairman. Any vacancy occurring in the membership of the committee shall be filled the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. CLEVEN­ to an appropriation bill in violation of in the same ·manner in which the original GER] it would be possible to produce only the rules of the House. . appointment was made. one motion-picture program about every The Chair sustains the point of order. "The committee is authorized and directed 6 weeks. I am confident that the Mem­ Mr. WOOD of Idaho. Mr. Chairman, to conduct a full and c0mplete investigation bers of this House will look at this in I ask unanimous consent to ·extend my and study for the purpose of ascertaining a sane and sober manner and that they remarks at this point in the RECORD. the means by which the national interest The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection may best be protected and served in time of are not going to go along with this pro­ to the request of the gentleman from peace by the conduct of international infor­ posed remedy for the patient's sore Idaho? mation services and in time of war or threat throat-a remedy that would cut off the There was no objection. ·of war by a civilian psychological warfare patient's head. agency. Mr. WOOD of Idaho. Mr. Chairman, "The committee shall report to the House Mr. Chairman, I have the grea.test re­ there seems to be some unanimity of (or to the Clerk of the House if the House spect for the gentleman from Ohio, but opinion the Voice of America shall be is not in session) as soon as practicable dur .. '1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8961 ing the present Congress the results of its Radio Washington should be the name America and would like to have him investigation and study, together with such source of United States of America offi­ elected Pr.esident of the United States. recommendations as it deems advisable. cial broadcasts. The Commission provided for in my "For the purpose of carryin_g out this resolution the committee, or any subcom­ There should be a report to the people. . amendment is a thing that would go on mittee thereof, is authorized by the com­ United States commercial radio and tele­ for years and years. I hope we will have mittee to hold hearings, is authorized to sit vision· corporations would be pleased to a Radio Washington for all times. and act during the present Congr ~ss at such cooperate. This report, made weekly, Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. He has times and places within the United States, would say what is being said about us by not faded away yet. whet her the House is in session, has recessed, other nations and say what we are reply­ Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, or h as adjourned, to hold such hearings. ing to those other nations through the will the gentlewoman yield? and t o require, by subpena or otherwise, the Voice of America. I have a letter from Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. I attendance and testimony of such witnesses and the production of such books, records, Secretary of State Barrett written last yield to the gentleman from Massachu­ correspondence, memoranda, papers, and year appr.oving that. · setts. documents, as it deems necessary. Subpenas Again I say, Mr. . ,Chairman,· that in­ Mr. McCORMACK. Why - not the may be issu ed under the signature of the stead of having the Voice of America we gentleman from Michigan [Mr. HOFF- chairman of the committee or any member should have a Radio Washington. Every MAN]. . of the committee designated by him, and country in the world knows Washington, Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Of m ay be served by· any person designated by knows that it is the seat of our Govern­ course, I have not the conceit that some such chairman or member. · ment, and they would pay attention to other Members have. "There is hereby appropriated the sum . of $50.000 for the purposes of this proviso." what goes out over Radio Washington. Mr. McCORMACK. I asked .the gen­ They pay attention to Radio Rome, to tlewoman and not the gentleman. Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I make Radio Paris, and BBS, which is really Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. I a point of order against this amendment RaPoland. This was in October 1945. cipal negotiator, or the head of the pol­ My name was not dropped from the title of The firm was retained by the Polish Sup­ icymaking department. the firm. It was dropped from the ll.St of ply Mission. The present Secretary was '8964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 26 ~ then Under Secretary. The loan was his appointment, was a partner in, or a mem­ am very much in favor of the code of 1 be~ of a professional firm which derived part ethics which was developed by the dis­ granted, totaling $90,000,000. The firm's of its income from representing, or acting for ifee was $50,175. The Ambassador to Po­ a foreign government, or who, acting as an tinguished gentleman from Florida [Mr. land, Mr. Arthur Bliss Lane, opposed the individual, derived income from such repre­ BENNETT]. That would be covered by granting of the loan. I refer you to his sentation." that. book, I Saw Poland Betrayed, at page Another answer is that every two 237. Only after President Truman, in Personally, and aside from this years Members of Congress go back to March 1947, made a strong statement of amendment, I think we might well con- the p~ople and if the people are not ~ disapproval of the activities of the Polish sider the record of the State Depart- satisfied, we do not come back to the next i Government was the representation dis- ment under the present Secretary. Do session. We are not the determining solved. you agree with a policy which told Rus- factor, without such control, over a ~ There is one interesting omission in sia we would not def end Korea and then policy which may well determine the fu­ t!1c testimony before the Senate com- when the Russians took us at our word: ture history of the United States. mittee from which I am quoting. The sent our men, unprepared, into battle, Mr. JACKSON of Washington. It Secretary undoubtedly for got to men- , on Korea? would occur to me that we ought to have tion, unless my memory is in error, that It is a policy which deprived us, be­ a bill dealing with the ·ethical conduct of this loan was handled for the firm by cause _of personal antagonism, of the all public officials including Members of Mr. Donald Hiss. brilliant services of General MacArthur. Congress as well as those appointed by Is not this enough, Mr. Chairman? Is Can you imagine General MacArthur the President of the United States? · there any lawyer here, familiar with the letting even ·the State Department get Mr. PHILLIPS. I am afraid right now code of ethics of his high calling, who him into a position where the cease-fire the gentleman from New York [Mr. does that think that, innocent as each negotiations could be used for Commu­ RooNEY] would make a point of order individual case may be, it would be well nist propaganda? against such an amendment if added for the present Secretary of State to · Our State Department, lar~ely due to to this bill. step out and to protect the United the present Secretary of State, has lost The CHAIRMAN. The time of the . States, in its present negotiations, and us the friendship and support of China. gentleman from · California has expired. those impending, from even the faintest Today, China, a member of the U. N. and Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I re­ breath of suspicion of interest or influ- an ally who fought Red Russia for years · new my point of order. ence or obligation? before we got into the Japanese conflict Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, I Is there any judge who, under simi- is not being invited to the negotiation~ would ·like to be heard on the point of · lar circumstances, would not disqualify over the peace treaty with Japan. order. · himself? He might be an honest and Are you willing to leave Iran, and the The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will be capable judge, but the dignity of his possibilities of world war III to the same pleased to hear the gentleman from Mas­ profession and the protection of its in- influences? Do you want to retain the sachusetts. tegrity would be a decisive factor in his Russian influences in the Department? unwillingness to invite misunderstand- · Do you want the imperialistic policies Mr. McCORMACK Mr. Chairman ing or suspicion. of England to control, or the liberty-de- the proposed amendment starts out un~ der the guise of a limitation, "No money There is one other feature of this termining policies of our own Consti­ in this appropriation shall be paid," and curious and interesting case, but I shall tution, and of our own struggle for so forth. A limitation, as I understand discuss that separately on another day. liberty? I do not have time now. This is the It has been said on this floor, and in it, cannot impose any more duties upon question of dual citizenship, as it is the newspapers, that the State Depart­ an official, any affirmative duties, any called, under international law. The ment, under the present Secretary, is the additional duties, that do not presently present Secretary of State is an Ameri- greatest single influence in Washington. exist by law. can citizen. He is, unless he himself has It has been said that it controls the Let us see what additional duties this taken affirmative action to change this White House thinking, and that its infiu­ amendment imposes upon someone. It status, also a subject of Great Britain. ence is strong in the Democratic Party. does not state here, but someone has to I have seen no record of this required ·we know that it infiuences the House carry out the provisions of this amend­ renunciation which must be taken after Committee on Foreign Affairs. We are ment if it were held to be in order and he has attained maturity. Dual citizen- about to see today if it influences the it was adopted. "Who in a period of 5 ship is a curious status. It would en- House-of Representatives. The Repub­ years preceding his appointment." Who able anyone falling under it to ask for lican Party has twice already passed res­ is going to determine tqe 5-year period? a passport from either the United States olutions saying the people of the United Somebody has got to say. That is an or from Great Britain. I have known of States have lost confidence in the pres­ additional duty and responsibility rest­ people who have gone abroad, sometimes ent Secretary of State and that he ing upon somebody. That is legislation. with one passport, sometimes with the should resign or be removed. "Was a partner in." Somebody has to -other. In this case it does not in any That is the subject of the amendment pass on that. That imposes additional way challenge the Secretary's American the unfortunate result to· the Nation of duties upon somebody. "Or a member citizenship, it only adds to the necessity a loss of confidence. The amendment is of a professional firm which derived any of having a head of this executive de- very simple. You have heard it read. part o~ its income from representing, · partment who can under no circum- Mr. JACKSON of Washington. Mr. or actmg .for a foreign government." stances, and for no reason, be suspected Chairman, will the gentleman yield? That imposes additional duties upon , of being influenced by another nation in Mr. PHILLIPS. I yield to the gentle- some one, and that duty is not imposed , negotiations in which, as I said, the fu- man from Washington. upon anybody by law now. There is no ture of the United States may well Mr. JACKSON of Washington. The organic law now relating to it. "Or who depend. gentleman feels this amendment should acting as an individual, derived income It is better to stand on principle than apply to all Cabinet officials? from such representation." There are to yield the future of the United states Mr. PHILLIPS. I said I thought it many firms where men may be partners to political expediency. could. In this bill it applies to three. in one thing and in one case, and not I leave to others the question of the - Mr. JACKSON of Washington. Why partners in another. Somebody has to Secretary's competence in the admin- . should not the amendment apply to determine all of these factors. istration of the office he now holds. ·I Members of Congress-who may have rep­ Mr. Chairman, under the guise of a confine myself to the principle of influ- resented certain . interests, then are limitation I respectfully submit that the ence and obligation. . elected to Congress, or to Members of proposed amendment constitutes pure The amendment is simple: j Congress who have served here for some legislation. On page 58, following line 14, add a new :time and then go out to represent private The CHAffiMAN. Does the gentle­ section, to be numbered 6: 'interests and come on the floor of the man from California lMr. PliILLIPsJ de­ "None of the money appropriated in this Congress of the United States and lobby? sire to be heard on the point of order? act shall be paid to the head of any executive - Mr. PHILLIPS. I can answer that Mr._PHILLIPS. Yes, Mr. Chairman. department who, within 5 years preceding very quickly. The gentleman knows I I am sure that all the information 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8965 necessary was necessarily obtained be­ of the frame of mind that we do not sues I agree ·and vote with the Republi­ fore the appointment was made. It all have a Secretary of State to the interest cans. I do this partly because .of party appears, I will say to the gentleman from of our country, the only thing we can loyalty but mostly because I regard the Massachusetts, in the Senate hearings. do is to shut off the whole amount of Republican position on most matters to Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. this appropriation for the Department be the better one. Chairman, may I be r.eard on the point of State. However, sometimes I support and vote of order? The CHAIRMAN. That is not at all with the Democrats. Today, I agree with The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will applicable to the question now pending those Democrats who are ul'ging a strong hear the gentleman from Michigan. before the House. bipartisan foreign policy. I believe in a Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. I wish The Chair is prepared to rule. strong bipartisan foreign policy, and I to speak very briefly to the point of order The gentleman from California has · agree with the Democrats who want that only to point out the absurdity of the offered an amendment which has been kind of a policy. argument made by the gentleman from reported by the Clerk. The gentleman' Most of all I agree with those Demo­ Massachusetts [Mr. McCORMACKL If· from New York has made a point of crats who believe the first plank and his argument is logically followed order against the amendment on the cornerstone of any effective bipartisan '~hroug!l it would not be possible for the ground that it is not a proper limitation foreign policy is the obtaining of a new Congress to make any appropriation, on an appropriation bill. Secretary of State. because every appropriation that we The Chair has examined the amend­ I find many of the Democratic lead­ make requires that' someone take some ment with some degree of care, and ers in Congress agree with me that the action to determ.ine th1t a condition or would invite attention to the fact that present Secretary of State should be dis­ situation exists before the money ap­ it p;rovides: missed and a new Secretary of State ap­ propriated can be had or used. For ex­ None of the money appropriated in title pointed in his place. These Democrats ample, if we make an appropriation for I of this act shall be paid to the head of any and I all. hold this would promote na­ the armed services, someone has to executive department who, within a period tional unity and thereby increase our na­ of 5 ·years preceding his appointment, was a certify the individuals who are entitled partner in, or a member of a professional firm tional strength. to receive it. Someone must take action which derived any part of its inco:qie from For example, I read in the Washington to create the obligation which justifies representing, or acting for a foreign govern­ Post of August 4, 1950, a news item which the expenditure. What I say with ref­ ment, or who, acting as an individual, de­ said: erence to this appropriation is true with rived income from such representation. Representative PRIEST, according to the reference to every appropriation bill. It should be clear that almost any AP, said in Nashville, Tenn., Tuesday that he Every appropriation requires something felt Acheson and Johnson should be replaced limitation must necessarily require some in the interest of national unity. be done before the money becomes avail­ action on the part of somebody. One of able, &n action which is incidental "I am using my influence toward that end," the classic illustrations given on many he said. rather than legislative. occasions by the distinguished parlia­ Mr. WERDEL. Mr. Chairman, may I He added, "I feel that above everything mentarian to whom the Chair made ref­ else today we need unity of spirit and pur­ be heard on the point of order? erence a few moments ago, Hon. James pose. In the interest of a completely unified The CHAIRM/..N. The Chair will . R. Mann, of Illinois, was that if a provi­ effort in the task ahead of us, I feel that the hear the gentleman. sion states that "no part of this appro­ Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Mr. WERDEL. M'.r. Chairman, the priation shall be paid to a red-headed State should be replaced." argument as presented by the gentle­ man," somebody will have to find that I regard the gentleman from Tennes­ man from Massachusetts puts the red-headed man and determine whether see, the majority whip, as one of the House in this position if it is carried his hair is red; therefore, it would appear ablest, most patriotic and likable Mem­ through to its logical conclusion. If the that in any instance where a limitation bers of the House. When he says the in­ House, in passing upon .the appropria­ is sought to be imposed there must be terest of national unity- will be served by tion for tlie Office of Secretary of State, some activity contemplated or some ef­ the removal of Mr. Acheson, I agree with is of the opinion that we should not in fort exerted by somebody to carry out him, and I am willing to be of what the interest of our country have that the provisions of the limitation. assistance I· can to him when he says he Secretary of State, then we have one of The Chair would invite attention to is using his influence to get Mr. Acheson two choices: to provide no money what­ section 1593 of Cannon's Precedents, and removed. ever or take him. I have made inquiry reads the syllabus: The article also carried the names of in regard to the amount of money re­ A provision that no part of an appropria­ several Democratic Senators whom ceived by Dean Acheson's law firm in tion be used for payment of any employee not Newsman Wilson claimed had asked . claims against United States for foreign appointed through the civil service was held Acheson's firing. countries. It co•:ered the peribd from to be a limitation and in order on an appro­ priation bill. This article of Newsman Wilson prob­ the time that our present Secretary of ably was carried by many hundreds of State brought Donald Hies into that That decision was on December 8, American newspapers from coast to coast law office, up to but not including this 1922. since the United Press serves many hun­ year the total fees for representing f?r­ The Chair is of the opinion that that dreds of dailies with its news service. eign countries is over $450,000, not m­ decision is applicable to the pending Also, I have ·found signed articles in cluding advance costs-- question raised by the point of order the Washington Times-Herald on May 7, The CHAIRMAN. Tbe Chair wants made by the gentleman from New York. 1951, by News Reporter Walter Trohan to hear the gentleman on the point of It would appear that the over-all and and·on May 18, 1951, by Reporter Willard order. · controlling element of the pending Edwards, both of which asserted that Mr. WERDEL. I am speaking to the amendment is a limitation on an appro­ Democratic top leaders of the Congress point of order. priation bill. It is entirely negative in from both its houses went to the White Mr. Chairman, I make this point of character, and does not affirmatively im­ House to bring up the matter of Ache­ order. I an: of the opinion, and I be­ pose any additional duties· :upon any­ son's removal. The Edwards article lieve many Members of the House are, body. says that when one of these top Demo­ that we should not have the present Therefore the Chair overrules the cratic leaders brought up the matter of Secretary of State-- point of order. Acheson's dismissal that "the President . The CHAIRMAN. Well, that is not -Mr. MACK of Washington. Mr. brushed it aside." on the point of order. Unless the gen­ Chairman, I off er a preferential motion. Arthur Sears Henning, writing in the tleman wants to discuss the point of The Clerk read as follows! Washington Times-Herald on May 21, order, the Chair will not hear the gen· ·Mr. MACK of Washington moves that the 1951, only 60 days ago, said: committee rise and report to the House with tleman. the recommendation that the enacting clause Two Democratic leaders swelled the anti­ Mr. WERDEL. If the Chair will bear be stricken out. Acheson chorus over the week end. Repre­ with me and let me finish, if the Chair sentative PRIEST, of Tennessee, Democratic sustains this point of order, he theu puts Mr. MACK of Washington. Mr. whip in the House, said that the resignation of Acheson "would contribute to unity in us in this posit~on, that if the House is Chairman, most of the time on most is- 8966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 26 the country and in Congress." Representa­ The Washington Times-Herald of provide at least sufficient funds to meet tive GORE, also of Tennessee, generally an May 3, 1951, less than 90 days ago, car­ our minimum obligation with Costa administration supporter, said that "we can­ ried an article which, in part, said: Rica. The appropriation should be not have unity and leadership while Dean sufficient to at least enable the Commis­ Acheson remains as Secretary of State.'· Representative Cox, Democrat, of Georgia, said he would support any drive to force sion to get under way with a small staff, The question is not whether Secretary Acheson out. So did Representative RAN­ establish a field station at Puntarenas, Acheson is a patriotic man. It is not KIN, of Mississippi. and carry out the minimum amount of whether he is an honest man. It is not This Times-Heralu article of May 3, field work required to begin solution of whether he is a kindly and courteous 1951, quoted the gentleman from Geor­ the bait problem. ,,. man. gia, Representative Cox, as having said: I am advised that at least $100,000 The vital question is, "Has Mr. Ache- · would be required to cover the necessary son, as Secretary of State, done a good This would cut the ground from under skeleton staff and minimum equipment hi: .1 [Acheson], and he will have to quit or . job in defeating the spread of our enemy, President Truman will have to fire him. for the work and station at San Diego, communism?" Calif., and to cover the field station and We must look to the record to find the In an article written by Lyle C. Wil­ the gear and boat services to begin the answer to that question. Twelve years son, of the United Press, one of Amer­ bait work in Costa Rica waters, and I ago the State Department had only 5,000 ica's greatest news-gathering agencies, urge that this entire amount be made employees. Today it has almost 29,000. and which appeared in the Washington available. Twelve years ago, in 1938, the state Times-Herald May 29, 1951, less than 60 In 1950, over 1~00,000, 000 pounds of Department was spending only $19,600,- days ago, Newspaperman Wilson said: tuna were landed by American fisher­ 000 in a year. For the coming year, Sec­ Columnist Thomas Stokes has been con­ men and this was processed into canned retary Acheson has asked a budget of sistently friendly to the Roosevelt-Truman tuna and byproducts having a whole­ more than $283,000,000, an almost administration. Stokes now reports that sale value of $125,000,000. The industry • • • Speaker RAYBURN, of Texas • • • gives direct employment to many thou­ fifteenfold increase over 1938. and House Democratic Leader McCORMACK, Also, since 1939 our Government has of Massachusetts, and the Democratic House sands of .fishermen and cannery work­ given away to foreign nations in gifts whip are among . thqse who have sought ers, not to mention the related industries and grants more than $101,000,000,000. Acheson's ouster. that service this huge fleet. In addition to the large vessels that engage in the Much of this was done under Mr. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, Acheson's leadership. With all this fishery all the year around, there are vast increase in personnel and in dollars will the gentleman yield? about 2,500 smaller boats that fish for expended he was supposed to stop the Mr. MACK of Washington. I yield. tuna during a part of the year, when spread of communism. Did he do it? Mr. McCORUACK. So far as the they can no longer fish for salmon or The answer is that the Russian Commu­ gentleman from Massachusetts is con­ other fish. This provides year-round nists had 179,000,000 people under their cerned, Mr. Stokes made an incorrect employment for · both fishermen and domination 6 years ago and today have statement. It is not a quotation, but cannery workers. Investment in tuna 790,000,000 under their domination. simply an incorrect statement. vessels and shore establishments is in The record reveals that the State De­ Mr. MACK of Washington. I accept the vicinity of $125,000,000. partment 'Under Mr. Acheson has failed the gentleman's word. . In 1950 the American tuna industry utterly and completely in checking the Mr. McCORMACK. It is just an in­ established new records of production spread of communism. correct statement. for the fifth consecutive year-and con­ If a football team loses game after· Mr. STOCKMAN. Mr. Chairman, I sumption kept pace with production. game, season after season, the thing to ask unanimous consent to extend my re­ Any threat to the continuing welfare and do is to get a new coach. If a business marks at this point in the RECORD. growth of this industry is a threat to an goes into the red ink further and fur­ The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection important high.-protein, low-cost food ther, year after year, the thing for the to the request of the gentleman from resource. As food prices mount, canned directors to do is get a new manager. Oregon? tuna becomes increasingly essential to When our State Department, even with There was no objection. our national diet. vastly increased expenditures,' constantly Mr. STOCKMAN. Mr. Chairman, I The cost of conducting the full-scale loses ground in the fight against Rus­ want to take this opportunity to state investigation amounts annually to only sian communism, it seems to me that at this time my endorsement of the about three-tenths of 1 percent of the common sense dictates we should get a action taken by the House when the value of the product. That does not new Secretary of State. amendment which would have cut $20,- seem a high rate to pay to insure con- I noted a news article in the Wash­ 000 from the funds provided for the tinued production. · ington Times-Herald in its issue of Au­ Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commis­ Most of the tuna is taken by bait boats. gust 4, 1950, referring to Mr. PRIEST'S sfon was rejected. This is a very im­ This type of fishing is completely de­ effort to get Mr. Acheson disnissed as portant item of this bill, and I hope it pendent on availability of live bait which Secretary of State, which said: can be retained throughout the course is thrown out to attract the tuna. The The President made this statement at his of the bill through the Congress without bait fish are found in the territorial wa­ weekly news conference when told by a re­ cut in funds. This item is of vital im­ ters of the Latin-American countries of porter that Representative PRIEST, Democrat, portance to the American tuna industry the tropical Pacific. They cannot suc­ of Tennessee, had called for both Secre­ which is now the most valuable fishery cessfully be transported from United taries [Johnson and Acheson] to resign in in the United States. States waters. view of develo..,ments in Korea. Mr. Tru­ I am advised that the proposed appro­ The bait situation gives rise to some of man said sharply that PRIEST, as Democratic $50,000 Party whip in the House, had no business priation of barely would support our most critical international fishery making a statement of that kind. a skeleton staff with little equipment at problems, that can only be settled be­ the United States headquarters in San tween governments. The people of the Despite the President's condemnation Diego, Calif., and would eliminate any . Latin-American countries have seen this of the majority whip, I still think that possibility of establishing the field lab­ huge fleet of United States vessels fish­ my friend the gentleman from Tennes­ oratory at Puntarenas which has been ing at their doorsteps, harvesting this see [Mr. PRIEST] is right, and in the assured Costa Rica. It would be impos­ valuable resource of the high seas. They interest of national unity, I will do sible to carry out any of the field work are not now able to participate in the what I can to assist Mr. PRIEST in get­ necessary to begin the solution of the tuna fishery themselves, but they hope ting Mr. Acheson out of office. bait and other supply problems. If the one day to be able to do so. They are But the gentleman from Tennessee Congress finds it impossible under pres­ fearful that the United States will ex­ [Mr. PRIEST] is not the only Democrat ent conditions to supply the full amount haust the resource before that day comes. who thinks Mr. Acheson, in the interest of funds requested for proper handling They are fearful, too, that the fishermen of national unity, should be dismissed of this critical food and international will exhaust the bait resource which is a as·s 2cretary of State. relations problem, then I urge that we valuable source of revenue to these na- 1951 ·CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8967 tions. Tuna fishermen pay annually wasted, but we would take upon our­ Hiss, the convicted perjurer, who was some two and one-half to three million selves a measure of ill will which would his confidant and aide. dollars, in licenses and fees, for the privi­ set us back in our relations with our He is the man who insisted there were lege of taking bait from the territorial. neighbors further than before these ne­ no Communists in the State Department waters of countries south of the United gotiations were begun. Such a failure and who now belatedly has called' for States. would practically eliminate any possi­ the investigation and suspension of some Such information as we now have in­ bility of resuming this line of approach of his top aides years after he had been dicates that these fears are not well­ for a long time to come. informed of their machinations. f ounded, but not· enough scientific evi­ If the Congress did not desire to see He is the man who is willing to risk dence is available to prove the case or this important work undertaken, it war and fight Communists on one side of convince our neighbors. As a result of should have refused to ratify the con­ the globe but turns a soft answer to them these apprehensions of our La.tin-Amer­ vention and enact the implementing leg. on the other side of the world while our ican neighbors, the tuna fleet frequently islation in the beginning, rather than men are fighting and dying. operates under restrictive conditions make it ineffective by permitting only a He is the man, who without precedent that are not conducive either to efficient starvation diet now. in history, has captured the mind of production or to good relations. License Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, I the President so that today he is the fees and fishing regulations have been rise in opposition to the preferential most powerful man in the country. changed ·often and radically, sometimes motion. What is Dean Acheson's background? with very little notice or .none at all. Mr. Chairman, I hope the motion will Who is he? Taking of bait during certain seasons has be defeated, and yield back the balance This man who became our fiftieth been prohibited. These measures, pro­ of my time. Secretary of State was born of British mulgated in the name of conservation, Mr. BEALL. Mr. Chairman, I ask parentage. By accident of birth in Mid­ are taken without factual information unanimous consent to extend my re­ dletown, Conn., he became an American and hence are not in fact protecting the marks at this point in the RECORD. citizen. stocks. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection But did you know he holds dual This situation has created irritations to the request of the gentleman from citizenship? and tensions resulting in needless f ric­ The British law states that any child ion. If allowed to continue, they con­ Maryland? born of British parents is a British citi­ stitute a very real threat to the continued There was no objection. zen, regardless of where he wa.s born, success of the industry. Mr. BEALL. Mr. Chairman, I will vote unless he rejects that citizenship in writ­ The Inter-American Tropical Tuna for this amendment to forbid any appro­ ing. Dean Acheson, to public knowledge Commission was established by treaty to priations to the State Dep~rtment until has never rejected it. ' carry on scientific studies which will pro­ Dean Acheson is removed from his Most of his youth he spent in Canada. vide the information necessary to deter­ office of Secretary of Btate only after a Then he went to Groton, an exclusive mine the effect of the fishery upon the great deal of thought. boys' school, whose headmaster not only· stocks of tuna and tuna bait. This can It is not the prerogative of the House was educated in England but who pat­ ·only be done by an international body of Representatives to select or to remove terned that school after the British ex­ in which all the affected nations have an a Cabinet officer, particularly the man clusive schools. He was said to be "a equal voice. Our Latin-American neigh­ who, by tradition, is the principal ad­ lone wolf and a rebel." bors will hav!3 confidence in the results viser to a President. But there comes a I think he has evidenced these quali­ of the investigations of the Commission time in the life of a nation when un­ ties in his office for regardless of what because they will help guide its policies usual events require unusual actions. the country believes, he rebels against and will participate in its work. That Never in history has come such a pub­ American thinking and is a lone wolf in confidence and the resulting solution of lic demand from all over the United his foreign policies. the problems could never be achieved by States for the removal of any one man He attended Yale and then Harvard · unilateral action, either on the part of from office. I do not need to tell you where he came under the influence of the tuna industry or the United States this. Your mail, your telephone calls, Associate Justice Felix Frankfurter, an­ Government. and personal visits from your constit­ other man who not only did not turn The tuna convention was approved by uents have brought the same clamor to his back on Alger Hiss but who appeared the United States and was duly ratified your offices. in an unprecedented action as character by the Senate. The Congress passed the Why has this situation come about? witness before a court trying a man­ implementing legislation without a dis­ What has brought on this unprecedented that same Alger Hiss-on perjury senting vote. demand? This demand from the people charges involving treason to his country. The Government of Costa Rica has themselves? Dean Acheson has been in and out of entered into this agreement with the It is loss of confidence in the man who public office in the United States since United States in good faith and has has guided our foreign policy where after 1933 when he was Under Secretary of hailed the establishment of the Commis­ five short years we not only stand on the the Treasury. In the interim he has sion as an earnest of our desire and in­ brink of war-we are in war-a war in had a lucrative law practice in Wash­ tention to work out our problems with Korea in which the casualties amount to ington. In 1940 he was an active mem­ our Latin-American neighbors and eiimi­ more casualies than we suffered in a full ber of the Committee To Defend America nate causes of friction on a fair and year in World War II. A war called a by Aiding the Allies. As a result of these factual basis. Costa Rica has invited "police action," which the President, on activities, which aided in pushing us into the other affected nations to join in this the advice of his Secretary of State, had the war, he was appointed Assistant Sec­ cooperative project, and we have reason no plans of ending except in a stale­ retary of State in 1941. to believe they will, provided the Com­ mate-an act of appeaser.1ent itself­ He held that position under several mission shows vigor, intelligence, and and a refusal to permit our military Secretaries of State. In 1945, he criti­ cooperativeness in attacking the prob­ leaders to use their best military judg­ cized General MacArthur for attempt­ lems which are causing . distrust and ment. This, in spite of the fact that 90 ing to make rather than carry out United friction. percent of the troops involved are our States occupation poljcy in Japan and 2 At this critical time in the establish­ own men; that our casualties amount to months later, in November 1945, he ment of the Commission and its work, over 100 percent of the total men con­ spoke before a meeting sponsored by failure of the United States to provide tributed by our so-called allies, except the National Council of Soviet-American funds adequate to enable the Commis­ Korea. Friendship. It was in December of that sion to undertake at least its minimum Who is this man, Dean Acheson, who · year that Maj. Gen. Patrick Hurley who commitments surely would be looked holds the fate of our country in his had just resigned as Ambassador to upon as an act of bad faith on the part hands? China linked Dean Acheson with a group of the United States. Not only would · He is the man, who as Secretary of in the State Department which wanted the work which has so far been done be State, refused to turn his back on Alger to arm the Chinese Communists and 8968' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 26 bring about the defeat of Chiang Kai­ after time th'.at he will not call for the pose of which, as everybody-knows, is to shek and of attempting to def eat United resignation .of Dean Acheson in spite of "get Acheson"-not by constitutional States policy in Iran. General Hurley the loss of public confidence and public means but by a camouflaged bill of at­ at that time demanded a full investiga­ clamor for his removal. His policies tainder act. Must we countenance this tion of the State Department. . have been proveJ a failure, and yet he appeal that the means justify the ends? Throughout his career as Under Sec­ is asking for more power. How low must we be called upon to retary of State, Dean Acheson has al­ There is only one solution-one way stoop? ways associated with persons and poli­ to get this albatross from the necks of Where I come from great faith is put cies of the so-called left-wing group in the American people-and that is by on a man's ability to stand up and fight the State Department. But in spite of this amendment which would deny for what be believes and what he thinks · that, upon the resignation of General funds to the State Department until is be.st for the country. The people in Marshall, Dean Acheson was appointed this "lone wolf and rebel" is removed my district do not like slippery, snide, Secretary of State by the President in from public Ete. and sharp practices. 1949. I urge its enactment. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. Since he has occupied the exalted office The CHAIRMAN. ·The question is on Chairman, a point of Order. I ask that of Secretary of State, this American the preferential motion offered by the those words be taken down, and I want citizen of British parentage has con­ gentleman from Washington [Mr. to state the grounds. stantly followed the foreign policy of MACK]. The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman Great Britain with whom he feels more 'rhe preferential motion was rejected. demand that the words. be taken down? at home by inclination, ancestry and Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I rise Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. I do; education. He has permitted this coun­ in opposition to the amendmen.t. and I want to state my reasons. try to drift into a defeatist attitude The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman is The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman of "waiting to let the dust settle" in recognized for 5 minutes in opposition to cannot state reasons when he makes the the Far East, in order that Britain might the amendment. demand. carry on trade as usual. He has no plan Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I won­ Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. I make. except to put this country into a der if we could agree on a limitation of the point of order that the words are out strait-jacket of managed economy time for debate to 10 minutes. of order because they accuse Member similar to the Government of Great Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. I object. on this side of slippery conduct. Britain until some international events Mr. ROONEY. Make it 20 minutes? The regular order was demanded. move him to some other vague plan. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. You The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman will This man, who has never held elective might as well withdraw that. kindly respect the Chair. office in his life, has the power of life Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I ask Mr. HOFFMAN o!' Michigan. I d,o. unanimous consent that all debate on But under the rules of the House·! have or death over our Nation. the Phillips amendment and all amend­ · It is not enough, that under his Sven­ the right to state the reason why I com­ ments thereto close in 30 minutes. pfain. gali-like influence over a weak and vacil­ Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. lating President, that this great coun­ The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman de­ Chairman, I off er a preferential motion. mands that the words be taken down? try-this strong Nation-has reached Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Re­ the impasse where we publicly announce Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. For the serving the right to object, Mr. Chair­ third time I say "Yes." that we will not fight an enemy and man, will the gentleman from New York beg for peace at any price but now he withhold that until the gentleman from The CHAmMAN. The Clerk will read proposes that he be absolute dictator New York [Mr. TABER] returns to the the words objected to. ,; over all American citizens. Chamber? The Clerk read as fallows: State Department plans call for Ache­ Mr. ROONEY. That will be all right By Mr. RooNEY: Where I coine from great son's absolute control over $10,000,000,- with me, but I do not know about the faith is put on a man's ability to stand up 000 in foreign-aid programs which in­ and fight for what he believes and what he 1 gentleman from Michigan [Mr. HOFF­ thinks is best for the country. The people clude ECA, point 4 and all military allo­ MAN]. cations of food, clothing, machinery, in my district do not like slippery, snide, 1 Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. He and sharp practices. 1 arms and ·ammunition. This would give would object to you, anyway. Dean Acheson control over domestic Mr. ROONEY. I know that. The CHAIRMAN. The Committee will prices and production in the placement The CHAffiMAN. Does the gentle­ rise. /' of orders and demands for supplies and man desire recognition now? Accordingly the Committee rose, and production materials. Mr. ROONEY. I do, Mr. Chairman. the Speaker having resumed the chair,1 He is already the undisputed boss of I rise in opposition to the Phillips Mr. COOPER, Chairman of the Committee• this Nation's foreign policy. He controls amendment. of the Whole House on the State of the1 the public utterances of the Defense De­ Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. Union, reported that that Committee: partment and a vast propaganda ma­ Chairman, a point of order. having had under consideration the bill chine in the Voice of America. And only The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will rds mand, not those that may have been The Clerk will report the words ob- were spoken with reference to an amend­ expressed 1 or 2 minutes before. jected to. · ment and not with respect to a Member Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. I The Clerk reported certain words ob- of the House of Representatives; and would say to the gentleman that we had jected to. · therefore, there is no reflection on any to let the gentleman develop his theme The CHAIRMAN. The Committee Member of the House. The Chair so before we raised the point of order. Now will rise. holds. I want the right words. The reference Accordingly the Committee rose; and The Committee will resume its sitting. to lynching is what I want read par­ the Speaker having resumed the Chair, The Committee resumed its sitting. ticularly. Mr. COOPER, Chairman of the Commit­ The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman The CHAIRMAN. An effort is being tee of the Whole House o!l the State of from New York will proc~ed. made to find the right words. the Union, reported · ~hat that Commit­ Mr. ROONEY. So that the gentleman Mr. FORAND. Mr. Chairman, a par­ tee, having had under consideration the from Michigan thoroughly understands liamentary inquiry. bill Mexico. similar request. 8970 CONGRESSIONA.L RECORD-HOUSE JULY 26 The SPEAKER. All in the world the Mr. McCORMACK. I myself will ob- when every person in the State Depart­ Chair is doing, and what he thinks every ject to a continuance. ment under any taint. of suspicion of dis­ other man who is ha.If worthy of oc- Mr. COX. Mr. Chairman, I ask unan­ loyalty should have been kicked out and cupying the position he occupies would imous consent that the gentleman's time replaced by those of unquestioned loy­ do, is to bring about orderly procedure be extended 4 minutes, and I hope there alty. in the House of Representatives. will be no objection. I respectfully suggest, however, that The Chair thinks in the interest of Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, I this amendment is unwise, and should orderly procedure that the request of the object to that. If we are going to object not be agreed to, for these reasons: gentleman from Masschusetts should be to one, we are going to object to all for First, it would set a bad precedent. I agreed to. the rest of the day. might even say it sets a dangerous prece­ Is there objection?. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. dent, to cut off the salary or pay of any There was no objection. Chairman, I off.er a preferential motion. public servant as a means of getting rid The SPEAKER. The Committee will • The Clerk read as follows: of him. We have the power to do so, but resume its sitting. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan moves that' the if Congress does this, what is to prevent The Committee resumed its sitting. committee do now rise and report the bill the heads of the executive departments The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman back to the House with the recommendation using this method of disciplining or fir­ from New York [Mr. ROONEY] .will pro- that.the enacting clause be stricken. ing the employees under them? It cer­ ceed in order. · tainly could never be defended as good Mr. ROONEY. :Mr. Chairman, I ask Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I make personnel management. unanimous consent to expunge from the a point of order against the gentleman's Second, a man is worthy of his hire. preferential motion on the ground that RECORD the words objected to by the there has been no change in the bill since If Mr. Acheson is worth keeping on the gentleman from Massachusetts. State Department payroll, then he is The CHAIRMAN. Without objection the pr~vious motion of the gentleman worth his· salary. If he is not worth his from WaEhington [Mr. MACK]. The it is so ordered. parliamentary situation remains un- salary, then he ought to be forced to There was no objection. changed, and for that reason I must resign. Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I am make this point of order. Third, this amendment would do by indeed sorry that I transgressed a rule The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman is indirection what should be done directly of this House. I assure you that I did correct, and the Chair sustains the point by the President of the United States. · not intentionally do so. I am a bit disap- of order. I realize the loyalty shown by the Presi­ pointed that the gentleman from Massa- Mr. ARMSTRONG. Mr. Chairman, I dent to his appointees, even when they chusetts [Mr. MARTIN] felt thtl,t I would riSe to oppose the amendment. I have no longer enjoy the support of many of attack the integrity of any Member of learned to respect the distinguished gen­ our fellow citizens. But I believe that this House. I have never ·done so, and tleman from California [Mr. PHILLIPS] the President can be prevailed upon to in my remarks today I certainly never deeply. I respect him for his expe­ take appropriate action in this matter. intended so. I believe those in this rience, and his fair-minded approach to To that end, I feel that we of Congress House with whom I am intimately should take direct action. Let us make acquainted know that I uphold the in- every question before this House. I am our wishes known by way of a resolution. tegrity and the dignity' of the Members very much in sympathy with the objec.! I have today offered such a resolution, as tive he seeks to attain in his amend­ of this House regardless of whh.. h side ment, namely, to bring about the re- follows: of the aisle they sit on. placement of the present ~cretary of Whereas the pr~sent Secretary of State has become identified in public thinking with I want to say also that I did not in- state. !Iowever, I rise to suggest that foreign policies that have failed to protect tend to attack the integrity of the Re- what he seeks to do can be done by a the gains made for freedom and security publican Party any more than I would better method. against totalitarian ideologies in World War attack the integrity of the Democratic Let me make it clear that I agree with II, is associated in_public thinking with deci­ Party. I believe in the two-party sys- many eminent members of both politi­ sions that have permitted the extension of tem; we must have a Republican Party cal parties that Secretary of State Dean Soviet Communist power over many areas and a Democratic Party, and I say-- Acheson has become a liability. I do and many peoples of the world, and no longer represents the firm leadership in the conduct The CHAIRMAN. The time of the not mean merely a political liability. I of foreign affairs needed to defend the honor, g:mtleman from New York has expired.· mean a liability to the American public. interests, and security of the United States, Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I ask He is identified with policies that have therefore it is the sentiment of the Congress unanimous consent to proceed for five dismally failed. In public thinking, he that the present Secretary of State has lost additional minutes. is associated with the biggest, the most the confidence of the American people, and Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. glaring, the most tragic mistake ever that the President should request his res­ Chairman, reserving the right to object, made by leaders of the American Gov­ ignation. just a few moments ago "the gentleman ernment, the mistake that has led us Such a resolution meets this question submitted a unanimous-consent request into more trouble than any other mis­ directly and squarely. Such a resolution to close debate. He is now asking five judgment of history, namely, the theory would permit open hearings before the additional minutes for himself. What that if we just gave the red-handed appropriate committees of this Congress. does the gentleman intend to do with leaders of the Russian Kremlin whatever And quite certainly-if Members re­ the rest of us? And when do you intend they wanted they would be good and flected the sentiment of the great ma­ to finish the bill? help us create a peaceful world. To the jority of the people of our States and Mr. ROONEY. I may say to the gen- common garden variety of American districts, such a resolution would pass. tleman from Michigan that I am merely citizen, who instinctively mistrusted a Mr. HUGH D. SCOTT, JR. Mr. trying to conclude my remarks. It is my regime that sent men, women, and chil­ Chairman, will the gentleman yield? responsibility as the floor manager of the dren into slavery and death, this was a · Mr. ARMSTRONG. I yield to the pending bill to oppose this so-called risk not worth taking at all. Our Gov­ gentleman from Pennsylvania. Phillips amendment, and I would like ernment took that risk, and now the Mr. HUGH D. SCOTT, JR. I cannot time to advance many constitutional American people are paying the penalty see anything wrong with the gentleman's reasons why it should not be adopted. of a policy that failed. method of proceeding here. I simply After I have concluded I expect to ask In public thinking, Secretary Acheson want to say that I agree with him. that debate be limited to some extent, typifies the policy of continued appease­ Mr. ARMSTRONG. I thank . the but not to completely shut off anybody ment and collaboration with Communist gentleman from Pennsylvania. from speaking on the amendment. regimes, at a time when those regimes Mr. HARRIS. Mr. Chairman, will the Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Is the threaten the peace and security of free gentleman yield? gentleman going to object when I ask to peoples everywhere. He is linked with Mr. ARMSTRONG. I yield to the proceed for an extra 5 minutes? the loss of most of the gains for freedom gentleman from Arkansas. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, I made during World War II. Mr. Ache- Mr. HARRIS. Withholding the salary demand the regular order. son is now, and forever will be, identified of Secretary Acheson would not in any Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. All with the statement that he would not way put him out of office as Secretary of -right; I object. turn his back on Alger Hiss-at a time State, would it? · 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE '8971 Mr. ARMSTRONG. I think the The CHAIRMAN. The Chair reoog­ and strengthening the instrument · gentleman is correct. It is not legal to nizes the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. through which we express and carry out serve in public office without receiving MEADER]. our foreign policy. compensation. But if Mr. Acheson con­ Mr. MEADER. Mr. Chairman, if it Mr. Chairman, I know the American tinued to serve, despite the lack of ap­ would have been possible to persuade me people, perhaps all people, have a tend­ propriation for his salary, he could go to support the Phillips amendment, the ency to personalize their likes and dis­ into court to force payment. speech of the gentleman from New York likes of institutions. They do this Mr. HARRIS. I mean by that, if the [Mr. ROONEY] would have accom­ through centering their attention on the Secretar·y of State did not draw a salary, plished that result. I will not be in- · head of the institution which is the ob­ that would not prevent him from con­ fluenced by the inflammatory remarks ject of their affection or their fury. I tinuing to act as. Secretary of State? . he made, however, because my judgment am not sure the Members of this House Mr. ARMSTRONG. I believe the on this i':'sue goes far deeper than in­ are wholly free from this tendency. gentleman is correct. I am sure the flammatory remarks. However, this in my judgment is not gentleman understands that I want Mr. I do not wish to be construed as fa­ the sound approach to a useful analysis· Acheson removed, but by direct action voring the policies of Dean Acheson, or of public problems. I believe we, as of the President. the State Department, either now or be­ legislators responsible for the course of Mr. BENDER. Mr. Chairman, will the fore Dean Acheson was appointed Secre­ this Nation, should do better than that. gentleman yield? • tary of State. Some of. my colleagues That is why we have established the Mr. ARMSTRONG. I yield to the have said that my vote against the Phil­ republican, or representative form of gentleman from Ohio. lips amendment will be so construed. It legislature. Otherwise we could adopt Mr. BENDER. Can the gentleman tell should not be. I have repeatedly, and national legislative policies by a public me how we could ever have the resolu­ with all the· force at my command, con­ poll. tion conside~d or vote on it? demned the costly calamities of Tehran, Mr. Chairman, I regret that the time The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Yalta, and Potsdam. I have repeatedly for discussion of this basic issue is so gentleman from Missouri has expired. urged that our State Department be limited, since I would like to discuss my Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I strengthened and improved, in order reasons for my vote at greater length. wonder if we can agree on some limita­ that the United States may effectively However, I have previously made known tion of debate on this subject. discharge its responsibilities of leader­ publicly my position on the removal of Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous ~on­ ship in the contest between freedom and Dean Acheson as Secretary of State. In sent that all debate on this amendment totalitarianism. that public statement I developed more and all amendments thereto close at I refuse to believe that my constitu­ fully the reasons I have previously given 4:45. That will give pretty nearly every­ ents will misconstrue my position, which in this debate for opposing the Phillips body on the floor who desires to do so a I desire to make so plain as to defy dis­ amendment. I quote from my statement chance to speak. tortion. of May 25, 1951: Mr. MEADER. I object, Mr. Chair­ I regret that the Republican Policy Last week, 43 first-term Republicans of the man. Committee has endorsed the Phillips Eighty-second Congress joined in a petition Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I ask amendment directed at depriving Dean urging the removal of Dean Acheson as Acheson of the salary of Secretary of Secretary of State. Although some news­ unanimous consent that all debate . on · paper accounts recited that I had joined in the pending amendment and all amend­ State. I regret it because I think such this petition, the fact is that I did not. ments thereto close at 5 o'clock. . endorsement is detrimental to the pres­ I am in sympathy with what I understand Mr. McDONOUGH. I object, Mr. tige of the party and because it compels to be the ultimate objective of this petition; Chairman. me to differ with the position of my namely, to improve and strengthen the De­ Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I move party. partment of State and to bring an end to Mr. Chairman, I dislike to differ with vacillation and mismanagement in the con­ that all debate on the pending amend- . duct of our foreign affairs. But I disagreed ment and all amendments thereto close party policy because I believe firmly in with the method suggested for accomplish­ at 5 o'clock. the political party system, in party re­ ing this objective. The motion was agreed to. · sponsibility and party regularity. In Congress is powerless to remove an official The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ union there is strength. Recognizing in the executive branch of the Government, that legislation involves compromise, I and is seems to me to be an idle act to make nizes the .gentleman from Georgia [Mr. a solemn pronouncement of a program which Cox]. have consistently sought in the past and I will seek in the future to harmon­ those who urge such a course of action are Mr. COX. Mr. Chairman, I do not without any power to accomplish. think that the offering of this amend­ ize my views with the leadership and I am now studying the preparation of a ment was a smart thing to have done. the majority of my party, yielding ex­ resolution providing for the investigation of It will fail of adoption and,. therefore, cept on matters of principle on which the State Department and the foreign and have the opposite effect to that intended. I feel so strongly that I cannot yield. military policy of the United States by the But it is here; and speaking for myself Mr. Chairman, the issue before us is Congress, with a view to its introduction in one of basic principle, on which I can­ the House of Representatives. I would like I will not run away from it. I have been to discuss with you 'informally the advan­ saying from time to time, in season and not yield. tage of such a resolution. out of season, that Mr. Acheson ought · I oppose the Phillips amendment for In my judgment, a thorough-going, pene­ to be separated from the State Depart­ the following reasons: trating exploration of the organizational ment, and I cannot now belie these words First. Its constitutionality is doubt- structure, the personnel, the operating by voting a contrary opinion. ful. · methods, the policies, the decisions and the performance of the Department of State For those of us who have been clamor­ Second. It contravenes our American through a competent, dispassionate and non­ ing for Mr. Acheson's retirement to vote doctrine of separation of powers, one partisan congressional investigation would be against the amendment would cast a of the checks and balances by which, far more fruitful in improving the conduct hurtful reflection upon us. in unique fashion, the American people of our foreign affairs than simply to remove Mr. Chairman, I have no bias against have thus far preserved their liberties. Secretary of State Dean Acheson and sup­ Mr. Acheson as an individual. He is un­ Third. It is presented as correcting plant him with a new man. In the past dec­ ade, there have been five Secretaries of doubtedly a man of great charm and an evil-namely, the impotence, ineffec­ . state--Cordell Hull, Edward R. Stettinius, ability. But in my opinion, he has as tiveness and ineptness of our Depart­ James F. Byrnes, Gen. George C. Marshall, a result of the policies that he has pur­ ment of State-but it cannot correct and Dean Acheson. Each new Secretary, sued inflicted more damage upon the that evil. It is thus dangerous as an upon assuming office, indicated an intention country than any other man now living, illusory and deceptive remedy. of modernizing and improving the State De­ That he has been and is pronouncedly Fourth. The real remedy for the partment: Yet, I submit that the State De­ pro-English, everyone recognizes. That weakness, the vacillation and the dis­ partment is just about the same as it always has been. he has been, that he is, and that he will astrous failures in the conduct of our The respo·nsibilities of the Secretary of continue to be pro-Russian in the sense foreign affairs is a penetrating, non­ State, the size of the State Department, an4 of maintaining his policy of appease­ partisa:1 examination of our Department the difficulty and complexity of the varied ment, I sincerely believe--the leopard of State through congressional investi­ problems with which the State Department c ~_ nnot change his spots. gation with the objective of rebuilding deals are such that any s~cretary of State JULY 26 I 8972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE must, o! necessity, be guided by the factual gating Committee, of which I had the honor the pending amendment, is a misrepre­ 1nformai;ion, the opinions and the recom­ to be a counsel over a period of 4 years, in sentation of our position, and should mendations of subordinate officials in the many of its explorations of the national lower echfllons of the State Department. defense program in World War II, had oc­ have no place in the official record. No man, however brilliant or hardworking casion to observe the operation of the State For my part, I feel that my record of he may be, can have the time to familiarize Department and the quality of its decisions. opposition is clear and unmistakable. himself personally with the many matters My recommendation that a thorough­ On three occasions I have publicly de­ for which he must assume resl?onsibility going investigation of the State Department manded that the Secretary of State re­ before the public. be conducted by Congress at this time is, sign, and I am sure that the distin­ This being so, simply changing Secretaries in part, based upon experience derived from guished chairman of the Committee on of State but leavin& the Department beneath the work of the War Investigating Commit­ Foreign Affairs will bear out my assertion him unchanged gives only an illusory prom­ tee. Hearings on lend-lease aid, both civil­ ise of improvement. The philosophy and ian and military, investigation of the dis­ that I have lent my support to few the policies which 'emanate from the De­ po~al of billions of dollars worth o! ·united measures proposed by the Secretary and partment through the Secretary are, and of States Government surplus ·property located acted upon by the committee. necessity must be, -the composite product in foreign lands after World War II, the in­ I am opposed to the present adminis­ of the organization far more than the work vestigation of the Inter-Arr.erican Highway, tration because I feel that it seeks a of the Secretary himself. Therefore, it eeems the preliminary investigation of military change in the constitutional system of to me that it is the organization which government in Germany and Austria, plans should be examined, and this examination made, or the absence of plans, for the ac­ government under which this has become should be comprehensive as well as incisive. quisition of military bases and rights re­ th~ greatest nation on earth. In oppos­ The administrative methods of the Depart­ garded as necessary to our national defense, ing the administration, I oppose its pol­ ment of St ate, which are notoriously in­ and many other similar subjects were icies, and I cannot, in my own mind, sep­ volved and cumbersome, should be care­ touched upon by the Senate War Investi­ arate any individual policy or policies as fully explored, and a determination should gating Committee. being more objectionable ~han the sum be made whether there is any reason for of the parts. their continuance, or whether it is simply Mr. Chairman, nothing in this debate, a case of hidebound traditionalism and nor in developments in recent months, In the action here proposed it seems to encrusted red-tape bureaucracy. has caused me to change the position I me that we are in effect telling the peo­ Many of you may recall the instance cited took last May. ple of this country that Valhalla is just by a House committee 3 years ago, where a The Congress, not possessing the ap­ ·around the corner if we can only rid the company in this country desired to send a pointive power, which is a function of administration of the Secretary of State. check to its agent in Budapest, Hungary, tO the Executive, is without authority to This is neither true nor is it an inference procure his return passage home. A House which should be left with the people of committee investigator discovered that the remove Dean Acheson or any other indi'­ airline company's check and its letter had vidual in the executive branch of the this country. passed through 37 separate steps in process­ Government. It would be an abuse of Whether Dean Acheson remains as ing in the State Department, being initialed the appropriating power of the Congress, Secretary of State or retires to the pri­ and coded at various stages and had become e~en if it were constitutional, to do in­ vate practice of law, the repugnant poli­ bogged down in a plethora of red tape and directly what may not be done dir.ectly. cies will continue to be .made and imple­ unnecessary procedures. Neither is it any justification to say mented within the councils of the ad­ No organization should be expected to pro­ ministration. duce satisfactory results if its operating that thP. Executive has invaded legisla­ methods are obsolete and unworkable. tive jurisdiction and therefore retalia­ This amendment seeks to sweep . the The question of centralization of authority tion is in order. The Congress should Augean stables with a whisk broom, should be explored. Are agents in the field or recapture its legislative power but should when nothing but an infuriated protest in the various branches of the State Depart­ not undertake to assume responsibility of the American people will do the job ment clothed with adequate authority to for the execution of laws. which must be done. It seeks to cut off make decisions and to take action for which The Congress does have power to do a tentacle of opposition while allowing they ought to be _-competent, or are there UI\- something about the unfortunate wea1',­ the intelligence behind present and past _necessary and time-consuming initialling policies unhindered freedom of action. processes, coordinating committees, and other ness of our Department of State-it can checks and obstacles which tend to bog down first investigate, then · legislate. That Dean Acheson has been a partner in a the progress of the work of the Department? c~urse is one of soundness, power. and disastrous course of action, domestic and What of the personnel of the State Depart­ wisdom. Seeking to appropriate an foreign. · He has long since lost the confi­ ment? No matter how perfect an organiza­ individual out of office is the course of dence of the American people, and that tional structure may have been established, weakness, awkwardness, and ineffective­ lack of confidence has been expressed to far more imp~rtant is the character and ness. me in private conversations by many of ability of the men who must make the deci­ those who sit on the majority side of this sions. Has the State Department been I hope the amendment will be de­ staffed with individuals inclined toward feated. House. He should go to trial-not a trial theorizing and abstract thinking in well­ The CHAffiMAN. The Chair recog­ by attainder under provisions of legisla­ sounding but meaningless generalities, in­ nizes the gentleman from California tion, which says, in effect, that no man stead. o~ hard working, hard thinking, hard [Mr. JACKSON]. with a mustache can serve in public bargammg, practical persons of intense and Mr. JACKSON of California. Mr. office-but to a trial at the ballot box unquestioned devotion to the purposes of before the tribunal of American public our democracy? Chairman, it is not with the thought that I can add any substantial facts with re­ opinion in November 1952. This is the What have been. the results of the han­ spect to the Phillips amendment that I American way, and the way of the Con­ dling o! the specific business of our Gov­ stitution. It is not that we who oppose ernment in the field of foreign relations? take the floor on this occasion. It is Have our interests been protected? Have rather to lay added stress upon several this amendment hold a brief for the Sec• our objectives been advanced? Or have aspects of the present debate which may retary of State, but only that we deplore we consistently come out second best at the serve to indicate that the opposition of the back-door approach based on a mat­ bargaining table? For example, it might many of us to the pending amendment ter of personalities instead of upon basic be fruitful for a congressional investigation springs neither from an admiration for and fundamental issues. to review such international conferences Let the President of the United States involving far-reaching decisions such as at the Secretl:\,ry of State nor approval of Yalta, Tehran, Cairo, and Potsdam. An in­ the work that he has done in his vital answer for his conduct of public affairs vestigation might disclose the individuals post. To the contrary, there are few to -those who authorized him to appoint their capabilities, and perhaps their loyalty Members on this side of the aisle who some of the political hacks he has placed to our country and its ·interests, who rep­ would not cast an affirmative vote on a in vital posts. I have no doubt as to the resented the United States at such confer­ -question of impeachment or an amend­ verdict that will be delivered. But I can­ ences. An assessment of the success of the ment providing that none of the funds not agree that the Constitution gives us results of those conferences and an ascer­ tainment of the reasons for those results appropriated in this measure could be the authority to take any action, short of might well provide lessons and guides for the expended for any purpose until the Sec­ impeachment, in the instance of any in­ more successful handling of similar inter­ retary of State has been removed by the dividual who carries out the President's national negotiations in the future. · President. policies, mistaken and tragic as some of There has been no significant congres­ Any att,empt to interpret as a vote of ·them may be. sional exploration of the State Department confidence in the Secretary of State the If we have courage-if we have the in recent :vears. The Senate War Invest!- votes of those of us who do not support strength of our convictions, ba~ed on 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8973 sound fact and absence of hysteria-let 1952. This is the only opportunity I will Congress of the United States is opposed there be drawn a bill of particulars have to get at Mr. Acheson now. to the present Secretary and that he against the Secretary of State and let The CHAIRMAN. The time of the should be removed and to direct the his impeachment be demanded from the gentleman from Ohio has expired. President of the United States to see that well of this House. Many of us who op­ The Chair recognizes the gentleman a man is appointed Secretary of State pose the "mustache approach" to at­ from Ohio [Mr. HAYS]. who fits into the scheme of life of our tainder and the principle, if not the fact, Mr. HAYS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, great country. of ex post facto legislation will lend our I would like to say to my good friend The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman best efforts to the removal of any official and colleague, the gentleman from Ohio from Wisconsin [Mr. KERSTEN] is recog­ against whom charges can be laid and [Mr. BENDER] that there is another way nized. sustained. in which he can express himself in this Mr. KERSTEN of Wisconsin. Mr. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the situation, and that is the right way to do Chairman, I rise in ·support of this gentleman from California has expired, it. That is, to offer a resolution asking amendment. I think this amendment l'he Chair recognizes the gentleman for the impeachment of the Secretary of has peculiar applicability to the situation from Ohio [Mr. BENDER]. State. That is the constitutional way to existing in the Office of the Secretary of Mr. BENDER. Mr. Chairman, I at­ do it, if he really wants to get rid of the State. tended the Republican conference the Secretary of State. Mr. Acheson's law firm represented the <>th er day, and in the absence of anyone The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ Soviet government of Poland at a time else expressing this thought, I would like nizes the gentleman from Wisconsin when the Polish pdlice state was being to say that there was not a single indi­ - [Mr. SMITH]. , set up, and it was seeking a loan from vidual who arose in that conference to Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. Chair­ the United States. At that time, of say a kind word for Mr. Acheson. I man, we might spin all kinds of fancy course, Mr. Acheson was Acting Secre- question seriously if there are more theories about how this ought to be . tary of State temporarily away from his than a handful of Republicans, you done, but there is only one issue. Are firm, but as Acting Secretary of State could not even count them on the fin­ you for Mr. Acheson as Secretary of he approved the loan that helped to set gers of one hand, who would retain Mr. State, or not? Let us not kid ourselves up the Red police in Poland. This ap­ Acheson in office. about whether this is the wrong way proval of Acheson's was despite the earn­ Some people disagree as to this meth­ or the right way. I am surprised at some est pleas of our Ambassador in Poland, od of expressing our disapproval of his of my Republican friends who say that Arthur Bliss Lane, to turn down this administration. Frankly, I do not like by all means this must not be done in loan. On May 16, 1933, when Mr. Ache­ it myself, but I have no other way of this manner. Your mail has been no son was first being sponsored as a Gov­ expressing it. different than mine, and I dare say on ernment employee, Senator Tydings If any American had told us in the either side of the aisle, as far as Mr. said: late months of 1945 after VE-day and Acheson is concerned. You know that It has not been said but should be said VJ-day that less than 5 years after the your people are not for Mr. Acheson con­ that Mr. Acheson has represented the Union war was over we would be in the pre­ tinuing as Secretary of State, and you of Soviet Socialist Republics. know that public-opinion polls show ·carious position we occupy today, we In other words, he has also in times should have consigned him promptly to that he should ·be removed by a vote of 7 to 1 or more. Now, what are we going past represented the Soviets. · the booby hatch. Our position is ut­ · Last year Mr. Acheson said he would terly incredible. We are in precisely to do? This is the time to make up your minds, because the people of this coun­ do nothing to subvert or undermine the the same dazed frame of mind that Soviet Government or its system. Why ·aftlicts half the people of Europe today. try will construe our action here this afternoon as a vote of confidence or not. will he not do that? Because he has They are confused, bewildered, and be­ represented these governments as clients. witched by the march of events. Like The present Secretary of State has done irreparable damage to our country. I It could very well be that our foreign the people of Czechoslovakia, who never policy should be such that we should realized for a ::noment what they were join with my colleague, the gentleman from Ohio CMr. BENDER] in· saying that take measures to help the enslaved peo­ getting into, when they gave the Com­ ples of those countries to undermine mtinists in their midst an opportunity we are reaping in Asia today what the Secretary of State sowed for us. He has those governments, but it will never be to wedge· their way into the Govern­ done under Mr. Acheson's policy, be­ ment, we are suffering from a neurotic let the dust settle and he is settling us. I shall vote for the amendment for the cause they have been his clients. He fear based upon our reluctance and our recognizes them as legitimate govern­ unwillingness to recognize the facts. reason that I have lost all confidence in ments, and they are not. No other amendment will be offered. Mr. Acheson, and this is not a personal matter with me. Thts is the only chance The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman No other method will be offered by which from California [Mr. HOLIFIELD] is recog­ I can express my views regarding Mr. that I shall have an opportunity to vote "no confidence." nized. Acheson. If · any of my Republican Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Chairman, in brethren feel tl::at they will be happy in The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Wisconsin has expired. 1943 a bill was considered in this House, opposing this amendment, and failing an appropriation bill, an amendment to do the thing that they know in their The Chair recognizes the gentleman from California [Mr. SCUDDER]. was offered which sought to fire three hearts should be done, that is for them men by denying their salaries, and force to determine. As for me, this is the only Mr. SCUDDER. Mr. Chairman, I be­ lieve that we now have the only oppor­ their removal from the salary rolls of way I can express my contempt for the Department of State. At that time bungling.of Mr. Acheson. So I am going tunity that may be offered to voice our opposition to the man who by his I argued against it as being a bill of at­ to vote for this amendment because I tainder. However, the amendment did have no other opportunity. If ever words and deeds has rendered the great­ will est disservice to our country in my mem­ pass, and it passed in the other body there came a time when the N~tion was ory. Of course it would be better if and was eventually tested in the Su­ ready to shout "quits,'' it is now. The preme Court. The Supreme Court said Nation is completely disillusioned with we could go through the entire Depart­ ment of State and root out every em­ it was unconstitutional and directed the the Washington Government crowd. It ployee who cannot unequivocally say that Congress to pay the back salaries of ., is fed up with Messrs. Truman, Acheson, he is diametrically opposed to all the these three men. and company on the foreign-policy cir­ philosophies of the Soviet. While this may not be a bill of at­ cuit. There is widespread feeling of no I do not believe that any man should tainder, I think it is in essence the same confidence in the administration, and be allowed to stand on his constitutional as a bill of attainder; and, as the gen­ it is being reflected all the way through rights when interrogated and hold a tleman from California CMr. PHILLIPS] the Nation. We will have to wait until place of high trust in the Department of said, it applies to only three or four peo­ 1952 to turn Harry Truman out. Harry· State or any other position of trust in our ple in our Government; so in spirit it is Truman says that he will not turn his Federal Government. I am very much a bill of attainder and, of course, I would back on Acheson-Acheson says he will in favor of this amendment, because it oppose it. not turn his back on Alger Hiss. I re­ affords us the only opportunity to show But I would oppose it also from peat, we cannot get to Truman until to the people of our country that the another standpoint. I am one of those XCVII-565 8974 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 26 who believes that Dean Acheson has The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ Mr. AUCHINCLOSS. Mr. Chairman, done a good job. I am not saying he has nizes the gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. I ask unanimous consent to extend my done a perfect job, but I want to stand MILLER]. remarks at this point in the RECORD. up here and be counted at this time on Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair­ The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection his side. He was one of the architects man, when one becomes a public ser­ to the request of the gentleman from of the United Nations, and the people of vant, he is always a target. One lives New Jersey? this country adopted that as a national in a glass house. You are subject to There was no objection. policy. He spoke in the South for the a critical review by friend and foe. Mr. AUCHINCLOSS. Mr. Chairman, Marshall plan before General Marshall Dean Acheson is no exception. His re- I approach the question of this amend­ spoke in Virginia for the plan which was . fusal to turn his back on Hiss will long ment with mixed feelings because I have eventually nam~d the Marshall plan. be· remembered. known Dean Acheson, the Secretary of Dean Acheson is the architect of the Here is a man who has been Secre­ State, for over 40 years and naturally I Marshall plan; it has done more in my tary of State, and a poll taken of the have a personal affection for him. I opinion to stop communism throughout American people would indicate that this believe he is a sincere American; there the world than any other one thing. So man has lost the confidence of the Amer­ is no doubt about the brilliancy of his I am favorable to the plan and want to ican people. It does seem to me we have mind and his ability as a lawyer, but be counted as one of those who believes · enough red-blooded Americans in this in the position which he now holds he is Dean Acheson has done a magnificent country to do the job of carrying on about as unfit as anyone that I can im­ job. He is the greatest Secretary of these functions of the State Depart­ agine. Unfortunately for himself and State that we have had in many many ment withoµt using people whose loy­ most unfortunately for the country, he years. At s·ome future time I expect to alty is questioned. The straightforward has made statements which prompt speak at length on the leader-ship which way to get rid of Acheson would be by people to question his loyalty and he has Mr. Acheson has displayed during his impeaching him. I would be the first undoubtedly given too much weight to tenure in the Department of State. one to vote for impeachment. I do not the opinions expressed by the repre­ In my opinion, the Republican Party suppose that could be accomplished, be­ sentatives of Great Britain. The tried aided by its newspapers and radio out­ cause the machinery of impeachment is and true foreign policy of our country lets is attacking Mr. Acheson for parti­ quite cumbersome. A New Deal com­ has been violated in various ways and san political advantage. mittee and judge would stop all pro­ the people, as well as many Members of The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ cedures. Congress, are bewildered by the trend of nizes the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. A man who has so universally lost the events which ~o not reflect the real RABAUTJ. confidence of the American people ought sturdy Americanism of our forefathers. Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, it was to be replaced. I think from a polit­ The simple fact is that the citizens once said by that noble Roman, Seneca, ical standpoint it is better for the Re­ of this country have iost confidence in that "a great pilot can sail even when publicans to keep him in, he is good the State Department and the Secretary his canvas is rent." · ammunition, but for the good of the of State, and when the people of this The opposition in this House today country a man who has been in the great Republic lose confidence in their reminds me of a gre.at wind. position he now finds himself should no executives the whole system of our re­ Thirty-six years ago the Cadillac Mo- longer be Secretary of State. The peo­ publican form of government is in . tor Car Co., of Detriot, placed an adver­ ·ple should impeach this man and the jeopardy. The President has seen fit to tisement in the Saturday Evening Post. administration in 1952. ignore 4;he attitude of the people in this While many years have since passed by, The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ matter and that makes it all the more I believe that its word remarkably fit the nizes the gentlewoman from Utah [Mrs. serious. It is hard to understand with situation prevailing in this Chamber to­ BosoNE]. the situation as it is, why the President day-proving once again that there is Mrs. BOSONE. Mr. Chairman, why still places his confidence and trust in nothing new under the sun. I wish to do you not put the blame for world con­ a man occupying such a responsible read some excerpts from this advertise­ ditions where the blame really belongs? position who is totally out of touch with · ment for the edification of the House. Why do you not put it on Joe Stalin and the country. In every field of human endeavor, he that on the Kremlin? It has been stated that The present amendment, however, is is first must perpetually live in the white the American people have lost faith or the wrong way to eliminate Dean Ache­ light of publicity. The reward and the confidence in the Secretary of State. son fron.1 the Government. Frankly, I punishment are always the same. The re­ They have lost faith, if any have lost have no better way to suggest, which, of ward is widespread recognition; the punish­ faith, because there has been a con­ course, places me in a weak position, but ment fie.rce denial and detraction. When a stant undermining of the Secretary of under our system of government and our man's work becomes a standard for the whole State. procedure the Senate investigates the world, it also becomes a target for the shafts qualifications of the appointments to the of the envious few. If his. work be merely When the American people realize mediocre, he will be severely left alone-if that we are not in a third world war; President's Cabinet and, if they are ac­ he achieve a masterpiece, it will set a mil­ that conditions in Korea are looking bet­ ceptable to the Senate, there is no way lion tongues a-wagging. ter and that conditions in the Far East, that the legislative branch can remove The leader is assailed because he is a in Iran, for instance, which has been an them except by impeachment, and under leader, and the effort to equal him is merely ·explosive can of dynamite with a very the law Acheson has done nothing to added proof of that leadership. Failing to short fuse, are improving; when they warrant impeachment proceedings. equal or excel, the follower seeks to depre­ realize that our international relation­ If such a law, as provided in the ciate or destroy, but only confirms once more ship there is looking up, there cannot amendment submitted by the gentleman the superiority of that which he strives to supplant. There is nothing new in this. It help but be great confidence in our for­ from California [Mr. PHILLIPS], had been is as old as the world and as old as human eign relations. What more do they on our statute books in years gone by, our passions-envy, fear, greed, ambition, and want? Government would have been deprived the desire to surpass. And it all avails noth­ Who in the world in this Chamber of the services of such great men as ing. If the leader truly leads, he remains the wants to be Secretary of State? Elihu Root, Charles Evans Hughes, and leader. That which is good or great makes Certainly I do not and not one of you Henry L. Stimson, to name a few which itself known, no matter how loud the clamor because it is a tremendous-an impos­ come to my mind. That would .have of denial. That which deserves to live­ sible job. One certainly without grati­ been a shocking loss to the country. lives. tude. No one knows from day to day I think the amendment, while . well I call upon the supporters of this what Joe Stalin is going to do. I squirm meant and submitted in the best of faith amendment to abandon it and to stand when I think of what you are trying to PY one of the finest men in the House, do to Secretary Acheson. I am just won­ is contrary to orderly procedure and not up like men in constitutional impeach­ dering what makes you say what you do. in the best interests of our country. For ment proceedings to achieve their ob­ I would hate to say some of the things these reasons, I shall vote against the jective. Longfellow had a word for you, that have been said about him. Why amendment. gentlemen, "better like Hector in the do not you who are for this amendment · The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ field to die, than like perfumed Paris produce evidence and facts and forget nizes the gentleman from Connecticut turn and fly." generalities? [Mr. McGUIRE]. 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8975 Mr. McGUIRE. Mr. Chairman, I am my vote against this method of getting distinct liability to the administration opposed to this amendment, but in order rid of him to be construed as any vote of and should be removed. To make a / that you should know how I stand with confidence on my part in him or the pol­ move to remove him, which later would the State Department, I am the one who icy of appeasement he represents. be declared void would make the Re­ threw the meeting into confusion about The only fair way the Congress has of publican Party look as though they did a year ago when the State Department getting rid of an o:fficial of the Executive not know wl).at they are doing. We are invited the Members of Congress to come Department is that of impeachment as not sent to Congress to practice futility. out to former Secretary Forrestal's provided by the Constitution. That is If we cannot, because of constitutional ·home and I suggested that we recognize the method you should employ if you inhibitions, do a thing that our constitu­ Spain and that we have a representative really want to rid this country of Mr. ents think we should do or our judg­ at the Vatican. So, I guess you know Acheson but there, again, you would be ment tells us we should do, we should how I stand with the Office of the Secre­ faced with the fact that the man who be courageous enough to face the situa­ tary of State. But, as a former Demo­ appointed the Secretary would not ap­ tion and notify our constituents of the cratic State chairman of Connecticut, I point a successor who disagrees with the impossibility of the proposed action. feel it is my duty to say that I know that administration's foreign policy. Our Government is one of limited Dean Acheson's father was the Espisco­ The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog .. powers. The powers of Congress are pal bishop of Connecticut, one of the nizes the gentleman from California [Mr. limited. The Constitution specifically - most revered clergymen in all the his­ JOHNSON]. · provides that bills of attainder and ex tory of that State. In regard to the Mr. JOHNSON. Mr. Chairman, very post facto laws are unconstitutional. remarks made by the gentleman from little can be said by me now that will Several times we have done things that California [Mr. PHILLIPS] about Dean add to what has already been said. In have been highly publicized and by some Acheson's dual citizenship, I just tele­ my opinion what is proposed to be done persons lavishly praised. Later we have phoned Mr. Acheson and he does not by the · Phillips amendment would be a been rudely shocked to find that these have dual citizenship. The only citizen­ futile acf I have given thoughtful con­ acts were illegal, such as the case of the ship he has is that of being a citizen of sideration to the proposal in trying to removal of Lovett, Watson, and ~dd. the United States of America. He was determine what I should do about it. It Then people begin to wonder if we in born in Middletown, Conn., one of the is my considered judgment that the pas­ Congress know what we are about. Also, finest towns I have ever seen, on April sage of this proposed amendment would if such policies are sponsored by Re­ 11, 1893. I have listened with interest be nullified by the Supreme Cour.t, .on publican members the people naturally to the Republicans hoping that they the authority of the case of United States wonder whether our party knows what could have bipartisan representation in v. Lovett <328 U. s. Reports 303) . it is doing. I want the posture of our ·the State Department. I hope we can Briefly, in that case it was sought to take party to be such that in 1952 we will get the same number of Democrats down three persons off the State Depa1·tment have a change in administration, which there as there are Republicans if there payroll in a manner similar to the the great mass of our people are craving is a change, because it will be an im­ amendment before us. There the spe­ for. No political group- should be in provement for the Democratic Party. cific persons were named, here they are ,power for 20 years and practically every­ Mr. SIEMINSKI. Mr. Chairman, will not. one I know believes that. My hope is the gentleman yield? . In deciding that the action taken in that we Republicans wm by our record Mr. McGUIRE. I yield to the· g.entle­ that case was in effect a bill of attainder convince the people in 1952 that we have man from New Jersey. and consequently unconstitutional, the earned the right to be trusted with the Mr. SIEMINSKI. In other words, the Supreme Court relied on two cases in management of the Federal Govern­ situation is about this: The amendment support of its conclusion. They were ment. These are some of the thoughts would ask us to repeat the decision of Cummings v. Missouri (4 Wall. 277) and that .motivated my decision to oppose Pontius Pilate and send some one to the Ex parte Garland (4 Wall. 333). In its this amendment. cross. decision the Court stated-page 315: The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog .. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ Neither of these cases has ever been over­ nizes the gentleman from New York [Mr. nizes the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. ruled. They stand for the proposition that KLEIN]. WHEELER]. legislative acts, no ~atter what their form, Mr. KLEIN. Mr. Chairman, those of ·Mr. WHEELER. Mr. Chairman, ·! was that apply either to named individuals or to my good Republican colleagues who are one of the first Members of the Congress e.asily ascertainable members of a group in opposing this amendment claim they do to insist in March of last year that the such a way as to inflict punishment on them so on the assumption, which I think is a without a judicial trial are bills of attainder Secretary of State be fired simply be­ prohibited by the Constitution. correct one, that this is not the way to cause I thought he had done a miser­ accomplish their. purpose. This is an able job. However, I would like to ask While the Secretary is not specifically unconstitutional method, so held by the my Republican friends this question: mentioned in the proposed amendment, Supreme Court, and is really a useless How long do you think his policies would certainly a reading of the debate on it waste of time. I base my opposition to have been implemented, good, bad, or in­ will disclose that this amendment is di­ the amendment on the same grounds as different, if they had not had the ap- rectly pointed at the object of removing the gentleman from California [Mr. . proval of the Chief Executive of this Dean Acheson -as Secretary of State. HOLIFIELD], and I want to compliment country? Therefore, you are directing The Court rendered its decision by a him on his statement. your fire at the wrong person. If you unanimous vote, although one Justice I think Mr. Acheson has been an out­ do not like Acheson's policies, do _you ~ot did not participate. Six concurred in standing Secretary of State, and one of know that if he were fired, either by your the main opinion and two agreed upon the best we have ever had. I think he amendment or otherwise, his superior a concurrjng opinion that arrived at the has done a great job. I am directing my would not replace him with someone who same· conclusion but did not declare the remarks now to the members of the Re­ would not agree with the President? statute unconstitutional. publican Party in this body and through­ That seems obvious to me. I do not see Today we witnessed the taking of the out the country, and I tell you that if you any particular point in firing a hired oath of a new member. We all solemn­ would stop your sniping and give him a hand who will be replaced by the same ly · take an oath to support and defend chance and let him do his job, you would boss simply because you disagree with the the Constitution. Consequently, in good find he is doing a real job, and he will do policy of the hired hand. Our foreign conscience we must vote against a prop­ an even better job, as the gentlewoman policy or the lack of one may be the osition that we feel is contrary to the from Utah [Mrs. BosoNEl said, if you technical work of the Secretary pf State Constitution. That is the way I feel. would only give him the opportunity. but, in the final analysis, the President There is another matter that I am The 'situation in the Far East is looking must accept responsibility for it. thinking of in connection with this up. I venture to say if you will only stop As much as I would like to see the Sec­ amendment. I want my party, the Re­ your incessant, unfounded criticisms and retary of State replaced·by someone who publican Party, in the best possible polit­ let him concentrate on his official duties, could command the confidence of the ical posture next year. Prominent men he will do a great job, and we will have American people, I do not agree with the of both Houses of Congress of the Demo­ peace in the world. But by keeping on method of getting rid of him.that is pro­ cratic faith have publicly declared and what you are doing, you are playing posed by this amendment. I do not want written that the Secretary of State is a right into the hands of Soviet Russia and 8976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 26 the Communists, which I am sure you withholding his salary. This I feel is a nor government by polls. This proposed would not want to do. devious method of obtaining that which amendment is bad irrespective of your Let us all forget partisanship at this should be sought directly, and too ft.a- opinion of the Secretary. perilous time in world affairs and con- grant a violation of the law as inter- Mr. Chairman, I cannot help but say centrate on unity, both here and abroad, preted by the Supreme Court in the that we have been very careful this and we will have a better world to Dodd case, among others. afternoon to insist upon strict compli­ live in. Therefore, I cann9t fail to rise here ance with our rules of procedure so as The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog- on this fioor to disavow this attempt and not to personally· offend one another. nizes the gentleman from New Jersey to say to my colleagues and my coun- And this in spite of the fact that we [Mr. TowEJ. try that I am not a party to it. Let this are here to defend ourselves. We can Mr. TOWE. Mr. Chairman, I am not not be interpreted as an endorsement of get up and refute any statement or i:::1 sympathy with the foreign policy of all that Mr. Acheson has done. It is not. charge which we do not like. But the the present administration. As a matter But it is an expression of opposition Secretary of State is not here, and some of fact, I think it has gotten us into great to the means being used and the meth- of the cruelest, meanest things that difficulty throughout the world, and if ods being employed. could be said have been said about him pursued will · continue to involve us in I oppose the Phillips amendment. while he cannot be here to def end him- n.any areas where we ought not to be. Mr. BURLESON. Mr. Chairman, will self. It is easy but cowardly and incon- Under ou.r form of government, how- the gentleman yield? sistent to demand that we treat each ever, the President is entitled to select Mr. LUCAS. I yield. other respectfully while permitting some his Cabinet members and he also, of Mr. BURLESON. May · I compliment of our members to personally attack the course, must take the responsibility for the gentleman on his courage and his Secretary of State from the comfortable their actions. judgment. I join him in the sentiments and safe well of the House where charges I do not believe that the adoption of he has· expressed and in taking an ac- or accusations cannot be made the basis the Phillips amendment could possibly tion here which I doubt is popular in his of a suit for slander or libel. accomplish a change in our·foreign pol- area. It may not be p·opular in mine. The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ icy. It does, of course, give each Mem- But there is a principle involved, and I nizes the gentleman from Oklahoma ber an opportunity to express himself, admire the gentleman for his statement. [Mr. JARMAN]. but that it all. This is not the approach, either legally Mi'. JARMAN. Mr. Chairman, I am I repeat again that I do not favor the or morally, and I feel this is a test be- strongly opposed to the amendment now foreign policy of the present administra- tween right and wrong. pending. I sincerely hope it will be ·tion, but I cannot support the Phillips Mr. LUCAS. I thank the gentleman defeated. amendment. very much, and agree with him thor- However, several weeks ago, on June The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog- oughly. I ask that the amendment be 7, I wrote a weekly newsletter to the nizes the gentleman from California defeated. papers of my district, in which I tried to [Mr. McDONOUGH]. Mr. YORTY. Mr. Chairman, it seems analyze the problem of public sentiment Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Chairman, to me that what is involved in this as it affects Dean Acheson both in our there has been an unfortunate record amendment which has been offered by district · and State and nationally. I 'made in tb!§ H.9.use today:. In spite of the gentleman from California [Mr. came t~ the I?ersonal conclus~on that the fact that we may ~~ f-rom tba --- i».ll.t!iLIP~J is actually an attempt to our foreign pollcy, that our Nation, that RECORD the remarks that were objected change our o stitu-tional form QI ~ public sentiment would be benefited. by to, the fact remains that the public will ernment into a parliamentary govern- -- a new S.e~r.~tary of State. Yet, I thmk know it in the press tomorrow. The un- ment, the type of government which they .the tactics n ow ·att-em-pted by __ thi~ fortunate part of it is that the other have in England. The gentleman is amendment are out of bounds and u - side of the aisle, under the management trying to make the Secretary of State justified. I think the tactics being used of the gentleman from New York [Mr. directly responsible to the Congress, as today are exactly the tactics that have ROONEY], must resort to such tactics to would be the case in any of those coun- made the Republican Party so success­ accomplish their ends in this particular tries which follow the parliamentary ful at remaining the minority party in issue. The contrast is so evident between system of government. Under that sys- our country. the kind of language the gentleman from tern the cabinet members are members The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ California [Mr. PHILLIPS] used when he of parliament and the cabinet is respon- nizes the gentleman from Kentucky was on the fioor explaining his amend- sible direct!~ to parliament which can [Mr. CHELF]. ment, compared with the type of lan- remove it by a "no confidence" vote. But Mr. CHELF. Mr. Chairman, I am go­ guage used by the gentleman from New under our constitutional system the cor- ing to vote against this amendment. I York [Mr. ROONEY]. rect way to remove a cabinet officer, if shall do so for the simple reason that it I doubt if any other nation on earth he should be removed, is through im- is not only the American way and our would retain in office a man as unpopu- peachment proceedings. The President tradition to allow every man a fair trial lar as Dean Acheson is, who has lost the of the United States is elected directly in open court, but it is the law of the confidence of the American people. The in this country and this amendment ac- land under our Constitution. In this Democrats say we should impeach Dean tually, shorn of subterfuge, is an attack particular instance Mr. Acheson is not Acheson rather than adopt the Phillips upon the constitutional powers and pre- being accorded a trial. He is being amendment. We know, and they know, rogatives of the President of the United tried all right, but in absentia. The that impeachment proceedings would States. It is part of the political cam- right and proper way to proceed is to never be acted upon by this Congress, paign of next year. Two of the gentle- introduce your impeachment proceed­ under control of the Democratic Party. men from the Republican Party in speak- ings here in the House of Representa­ They are saying this to avoid action on ing for the amendment have referred to tives. Such action will accord the ac­ the Phillips amendment. polls which they say indicate that Sec- cused a fair and open trial before the Since we cannot obtain action on im- retary Acheson is unpopular and should Senate of the United States, who under peacement proceedings, the only action be removed from office. But the people the Constitution must sit as a jury. I left to us to express our opposition to polled were not asked if they would re- urge this House to give to the Secretary Acheson is by voting for the Phillips sort to unconstitutional means to remove his day in court. Why, no fair-minded, amendment. him. These gentlemen, in referring to unbiased person would think of convict- The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog- polls and asserting that polls show Mr. ing the most hardened criminal or even nizes the gentleman from Texas [Mr. Acheson is unpopular-those gentlemen a sheep-killing dog without an opportu­ LucAsJ. should remember that polls have been nity to be tried before a jury and to be Mr. LUCAS. Mr. Chairman, I rise as wrong before. I do not think the Repub- represented by counsel. a Democrat from the great Southwest to lican Party ought to be relying too much As I stated the day before yesterday oppose the Phillips amendment. on polls right now, after what has hap- here on the floor in debate on this sub- Mr. Chairman, I cannot join with my pened to them in the past. We want ject, I now repeat. I do not hold any Republican friends in their partisan at- neither the parliamentary form of gov- brief for the Secretary. I have never tempt to remove Secretary of State ernment substituted for our constitu- been an admirer of Mr. Acheson, but I Acheson from his office by means of tional system by appropriation statutes, shall not allow my own personal feelings 1951 CONGRESSIONAL_ RECORD-' HOUSE 8977

to sway or dwarf my sense of fairness. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Chairman, . ~~e question was taken; and .on a Your approach here is nothing more will the gentleman yield? d1v1s10n (demanded by Mr. PHILLIPS) than ambushing the man from the rear. Mr. MARSHALL. I yield. there were-ayes 81, noes 171. If you challenge the Secretary to a duel, Mr. MANSFIELD. Is it not true that So the amendment was rejected. serve notice on him, and then shoot it if the Republicans wanted to give the Mr. FORD. Mr. Chairman, I offer an out face to face. Please do not follow Secretary of State his day in court, they amendment. your present method, for it smacks of have the means whereby they can do The Clerk read as follows: foul play. It might even be considered that, if they want to, and if they .have as a shot in the back. The Congress of Amendment offered by Mr. FORD: Page 58, the grounds to work on, by bringing im­ line 15, insert a new section to read as the United States is the last place such peachment proceedings against him? questionable action should be taken. follows: That is the honest way to do it, if they "SEc. 602. None of the funds provided in The CHAffiMAN. The Chair recog­ want to get rid of him. this act shall be used to pay the compen­ nizes the gentleman from Pennsylvania Mr. MARSHALL. The gentleman is sation of any civilian employee whose du­ [Mr. FLOOD]. absolutely right. ties consist of acting as chauffeur or driver Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Chairman, in the The CHAIRMAN. The time of the of. any Government-owned passenger-carry­ several years I have been here, I have gentleman from Minnesota has expired. ing vehicle (other than a bus, station wagon, never encountered such an appalling or ambulance) : Pr ovi ded further, That this The gentleman from New York [Mr. proviso shall not apply with respect to any lack of conscience as is being exhibited ROONEY] is recognized. person whose duties consist of acting as here. I have the highest regard for many Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, !, be­ ch auffeur for a Cabinet officer; to situations of the Members on the other side and lieve there has been sufficient debate on where other mode of transportation is not for the great party they represent. To the Phillips amendment. I ask that we feasible; to direct law-enforcement activities, see them deliberately, admittedly parti­ have a vote on it, and I urge that the and to the Federal Bureau of Investigation." cipate in a known unconstitutional act Phillips amendment be defeated. Mr. ROONEY. · Mr. Chairman, I make is the most disheartening, discouraging, The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman a point of order against the amendment, and shocking exhibitiop that I have ever from Massachusetts [Mr. McCORMACK] and reserve it. is recognized. experienced as an American. Mr. FORD. Mr. Chairman, this Let me add this. This is the language Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, I realize that there are a number of Mem­ amendment is practically identical with of the Supreme Court of the United similar amendments that have been States. They who support the amend­ bers of this House ·who are Republicans ment know that every word I say is true. who do not favor this amendment. I offered and approved in the other body. There is no lawyer here who will not have always taken pride, as I have I think in the first instance the senior agree. The Supreme Court said: stated _repeatedly on the floor of the Senator from Michigan [Mr. FERGUSON] When our Constitution and Bill of Rights House, in the high character of the de­ sponsored the amendment. It is my were written our ancestors ha.ct ample reason bate that has taken place in this body recollection that it is part of practically to know that legislative trials and punish­ in connection with all ol the legislation every appropriation bill that has been ments were too dangerous to exist in any relating to our foreign affairs. considered and enacted by the other n ation of free men then envisioned, and so This amendmert we know cannot body. they, the forefathers of this Nation, pro­ stand the test of the courts, because scribed against bills of attainder. The reason for the amendment is that has already been passed upon. It rather obvious. If you will turn to page There is not a man in this House, seems difficult for n:e to believe that a 6320 of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of there is not a lawyer here worthy of the majority of the Members of this House June 8, you will find a summary of the name, who does not know that that is so. without regard to party and without chauffeurs and drivers for passenger reg~Td to feelings or emotional reac­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the motor vehicles owned and operated by genti ~man from Pennsylvania has ex­ tions are going to vote for this amend­ ment with the knowledge that such an the Federal Government as of the be­ pired. ginning of the fiscal year 1951. The Chair recognizes the gentleman amendment, should it become law, could not stand the test of the courts. This particular appropriation bill from Minnesota [Mr. MARSHALL]. that we have before us pertains to the Mr. MARSHALL. Mr. Chairman, a My friend the gentleman from New friend of mine recently returned from York [Mr. ROONEY] is a hard fighter, Department of Commerce, -the Depar't­ Europe. In fact, last Saturday he sat but he is a man whose intent is very ment of State, the Department of Jus­ in my office and told me how amazed kind. What has happened here today, tice, and the judiciary. he was to find out how interested the of course, was the result not of any Let us take some figures in reference people in Europe were in the Congress intent on his part, but because of ardor to each department excepting the judi­ of the United States. The Congress of of my friend from New York and his ciary. According to a chart, inserted the United States means something to intense disposition to fight for the cause in the RECORD on June 8, it shows that those people. It is a symbol. It is the in which he believes. the Department of Commerce in the Dis­ greatest legislative body in the world. Now, a few brief words with refer­ trict of Columbia had 21 full-time ch2,uf­ We have two major philosophies of ence to Secretary Acheson. In my opinion unfortunately he made one f eurs and other employees employed as thought in the world today: One, in the full-time drivers. In the field, outside Soviet Union, that says a man is guilty statement of a regrettable nature. I am not going to condemn any person on one of the District of Columbia, they had 4 until he is proven innocent; and we have such employees, making a total of 25. our American way that says that a man statement, or on one act, but as we view is innocent until he is proven guilty. his record outside of that statement, The Department of Justice in the Dis­ A favorable vote on the Phillips look at the substar-ce of his leadership trict of Columbia had 14 full-time chauf­ amendment today and the people of as Secretary of the State and view his feurs and other employees employed as Europe are going to understand that we statements as an individual, his record full-time drivers. They had none in the are assuming the ways of the Soviet is an outstanding one in the service of field, making a total of 14 for the entire Union. Our people will understand the country during this crisis. No one Department. that. That is a fundamental principle should be judged on one act or utter­ The Department of State in the Dis­ that they understand and they respect ance. In justice to Secretary Acheson trict of Columbia had 17 full-time chauf­ that we have denied a man his day in I '\\an-c to make the statement which feurs and other employees employed as constitutes the views that I have about full-time drivers. In the field outside court; that we have refused to give him him. justice. In any event, on this amendment of the District of Columbia the Depart- · I have confidence that the Phillips without regard to our party affiliation, ment of State had 13 such employees, amendment is going to be defeated. knowing that it cannot be maintained making a total of 30 altogether. Why? Because I have confidence that in the courts, I hope it will be defeated. Mr. HALE. Mr. Chairman, will the the majority of this House is composed The CHAffiMAN. The question is on gentleman yield? of people who believe in good sports­ the amendment offered by the gentleman Mr. FORD. I yield to the gentleman manship, fair play, and justice. from California [Mr. PHILLIPS]. from Maine. 8978 CON_GRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 26 Mr. HALE. Would the gentleman's We had some testimony 2 days ago and it was said several times.during the amendment have the effect of prevent­ on this very point. They pointed out course of debate on this bill, it might be ing an American ambassador in Europe that they were now inaugurating in quite inferred that those of us who were in having a chauffeur for his car? a number of departments the pool sys­ favor of the Phillips amendment were Mr. FORD. The amendment, I be­ tem and thereby eliminating a lot of guilty of some kind of reprehensible lieve, would. It excepts Cabinet officers, these cars that are assigned to individ­ conduct. it excepts others connected with direct uals. I agree with the gentleman. I Those who urged that we were pro­ law-enforcement activities, and specifi­ do not· think these cars should be as­ ceeding in a manner which required cally except the Federal Bureau of In­ signed to individuals, but I think where action which would not be constitutional, vestigation. a chauffeur pool is maintained for the we will assume were sincere in their be­ Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. benefit of the agency that has proven to liefs. That is, that they really thought Chairman, will the gentleman yield? be effective. They have, as I understand, that what we were trying to do and the Mr. FORD. I yield to the gentleman installed in· the Department of State, method used was improper or as some from Michigan. for instance, a two-way radio system said contrary to the Constitution. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. I un­ and a pool system. All cars are pooled I can see nothing wrong ethically, or derstand from the press that in some with possibly one or two exceptions. in any other way, with an attempt to cut other countries our representatives are They operate on the same two-way off funds for a group·or class of persons not permitted to have a chauffeur, ex­ radio system that the taxicabs operate that we do not like, do not want, and who cept if he be a native of the country on, and thereby get the maximum use are following a policy we think is not where the ambassador or representative out of the cars. only bad but serious. I have been won­ is acting. · Mr. FORD. I think the inclusion of dering whether, if the amendment of­ Mr. FORD. I may say to the gentle­ this amendment by the other body on fered by the gentleman. from California man from Michigan, in reading these several appropriation bills has had a had provided that none of the money totals I would come to the conclusion salutary effect in generating activity should be expended in payment for the that even under the present set-up the for the formation of Government car services of individµals who are members ambassadors do not have full-time pools. Heretofore they just have not been of the Communist Party if that would drivers or chauffeurs. getting around to such programs. It is have been improper? Mr. GOLDEN. Mr. Chairman, will a long-needed innovation in the han­ If we assume that Secretary of State the gentleman yield? dling of Federal equipment in the Dis­ Dean Acheson is one of the most pa­ Mr. FORD. I yield to the gentleman trict of Columbia and elsewhere. triotic of men, that his sole purpose is from Kentucky. Mr. HOLIFIELD. While I am not to serve the interest of his country, that Mr. GOLDEN. I have listened very ready yet to say that I think the bill he is a man of extraordinary intellec­ attentively to this debate. I think the introduced by the gentleman from Ohio tual ability, it is still true that our pres­ · amendment is fair and reasonable in is perfect, I respect the intent of it and ent dangerous position in international scope, and I think it is a way that we can have called hearings on this subject. I affairs is the result of policies which he save some money for this Government do believe we will come out with a piece and his advisers conceived, formulated, in this present emergency. I hope that of legislation which will be directed to and fallowed. all Members, regardless of party, will this point, and it will cover all the agen­ Whatever may have been his motive support"the gentleman's amendment. cies of Government, not just the agen­ or his · purpose, we have been maneu­ Mr. FORD. I might say to the gen­ cies covered in this bill. vered into a position where it is said tleman from Kentucky and my col­ Mr. HALE. Mr. Chairman, will the that upon the shoulders of our people- leagues that it has become to be a very gentleman yield? 150,000,000-rests the duty and the ob­ objectionable situation in the District of Mr. FORD. I yield to the gentleman ligation of imposing our form of gov­ Columbia with so many of these Govern­ from Maine. ernment, our way of life, upon other ment limousine, of sizable design and Mr. HALE. I think there is a great nations-other peoples. style, running around here with full­ merit in the gentleman's amend­ He and those who have been asso~ time chauffeurs and other employees. ment. I just want to be sure 'that we ciated with him, either as superiors or The CHAIRMAN. The time of the know just exactly where we are at. Does as subordinates, are responsible for the gentleman from .Michigan has expired. the gentleman seriously think, for ex­ present situation of Russia in world af­ Mr. HALE. Mr. Chairman, I ask ample, that Mr. Walter Gifford should fairs-for the fact that Russia is, some unanimous consent that the gentleman drive his own car around London, and say, our equal-others insist, our supe­ may be permitted to proceed for five that Mr. Bruce should drive his own rior-in military might. That policy additional minutes. car around Paris? makes it possible for her to now threaten The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection Mr. FORD. There must be some the peace of the world, the continued to the request of the gentleman from other employee who is not a fUll-time existence of the Republic. Maine? chauffeur who could do it. My amend­ The Acheson-Marshall policy, as it There was no objection. ment affects only full-time chauffeurs. has been characterized, is responsible for Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Chairman, will The CHAIRMAN. The time of the the dilemma in which we now find our­ the gentleman yield? gentleman from Michigan has expired. selves-engaged in a war in Korea which Mr. FORD. I yield to the gentleman Does the gentleman from New York our people neither desired nor through from California. withdraw his reservation of a point of their Representatives declared and from Mr. HOLIFIELD. May I ask if this order? which, to date, we know not how to applies to employees in the District of Mr. ROONEY. I do, Mr. Chairman. extricate ourselves. Columbia or all over the world? Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous con­ It may be said that neither Marshall Mr. FORD. It applies to any agency sent that all debate on the pending nor Acheson, being subordinate to the covered in this bill, excepting the Cabi­ amendment and all amendments thereto President and Commander in Chief, con­ net officer himself, the law-enforcement close in 10 minutes, the last 5 minutes ceived or. activated the foreign policy agencies or activities, and specifically the to be reserved to the committee. which we have followed. But whether Federal Bureau of Investigation. I The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection that policy originated with them or was would gather thereby that it would be to the request of the gentleman from voluntarily implemented by them, or applicable any place where these various New York? whether they acted under orders, both agencies operated throughout the world. There was no objection. were, and are, free Americans and, if Mr. HOLIFIELD. We are holding The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ they believed the policies which they hearings in the Committee on Expendi­ nizes the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. were fallowing were detrimental to the tures in the Executive Departments on .HOFFMAN], interests of our country, in justice to a bill which was introduced by the gen­ KEEP FAITH WITH THE PEOPLE: REMOVE ACHESON themselves and to the country which tleman from Ohio [Mr. BROWN], which Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. they served, they should have resigned. seeks to put all the automotive equip­ Chairman, from what has previously As the fighting in World War II ap­ ment of the Government under the con­ ,been said, by the gentleman from New proached the end, as it was apparent that trol of the General Services Administra­ 1York [Mr. ROONEY] the gentleman from the power of Germany was broken, that tion. · Pennsylvania [Mr. FLoon] and others, ~apan was suing for peace, the policy 1951 CONGRE-SSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8979 which was followed by the State Depart­ are to have a people united behind a The votes necessary to remove Dean ment stopped our victorious armies on foreign policy. The country will never Acheson are not available but the same their march into Berlin, gave to Russia a willingly unite behind Acheson. They do · purpose can be accomplished by telling foothold in Eastern Germany and, not trust him. Mr. Truman that we will not provide th01,igh her aid to win victory over Japan If a majority of the Members of Con­ funds for the operation of the State De­ was not needed, permitted her to share in gress sincerely desire that some other in­ partment as long as Acheson directs its the victories of the Far East, ultimately dividual head the State Department, they activities. gave her China and established com­ now have the opportunity to make that If it be said that such a procedure munism there. desire effective. which would cut off funds for other de­ It was and it is the policy of the State . That which the Congress creates, the partments would be un~air and unjusti­ , Department which gave us and con­ Congress can abolish. In 1789 the Con­ fied, the answer is that, until such an at­ tinues the Marshall plan, which calls year gress declared: titude be taken, until we show by our after year for billions of dollars to aid in There shall be at the seat of government acts that we are sincere and will act, the feeding, clothing, housing, educating, an executive department to be known as Executive can and always will force its and raising the standard of living of mil­ the "Department of State," and a Secretary policies and personnel upon thA Congress lions of people all over the world. · of State, who shall be the head thereof by including in every appropriation bill It is the policy of the State Depart­ (Rec·ised Statutes, sec. 199). an appropriation for departments which ment which called for the surrender of The State Department exists because are not under criticism. our sovereignty, of our independence as a and only because of legislation enacted Only by sending an appropriation bill Republic, for our membership in United by the Congress. back to committee with specific instruc­ Nations. · The Constitution provides that-- tions can the Congress regain its au­ It is the policy of the State Depart­ No money shall be drawn from the Treas­ thority to determine the policies to be ment which calls for the fighting of an ury but .in consequence of appropriations followed by an executive department. undeclared war, for an undisclosed ob­ made by law. To prove our sincerity when we prom­ jective, which has caused the death of ised to take every effective action to re­ thousands of Americans and the cost of It may be true that Congress cannot move Acheson, should we not now avail which in dollars, supply, suffering and by direct action remove Secretary of ourselves Of this opportunity-force the life no one can accurately estimate. State. Acheson but it certainly has au­ President to remov~ Acheson, the friend It is the policy of the State Depart­ tl10rity to abolish the office which he of Hiss. Which does the President de­ ment which now demands the conscrip­ holds and it is equally certain that the sire-the confidence of the peopb or the tion of millions of Americans, to ·be Department cannot function except as retention of Acheson as Secretary of transported and maintained in Europe, the Congress appropriates money for State? He cannot have both. over years which no one even ventures that purpose. The ·CHAIRMAN. The time of the to number. · It is idle to say that the Congress gentleman from Michigan [Mr. HOFF- · As a result of the policy of the State cannot cause Mr. Acheson to be re­ MAN] pas expired. Department, free Americans are being moved. The Chair recognizes the gentleman regimented, shoved and pushed around It is doubtful if the President, Con­ from New York [Mr. ROONEY]. at the will of appointed, not elected, gress putting to him squarely the issue Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I am bureaucrats, and upon their shoulders of whether he call for the resignation quite surprised that the gentleman from - is imposed a tax burden which ulti­ of Secretary of State Acheson or face a Michigan [Mr. FORD], for whom I have mately may destroy us, bring the end situation where the Department of the greatest respect and who has a great which Stalin desires. For Stalin knows, State, the office of a Secretary of State, deal of real ability, should offer this ill­ as should we, that the danger of this was abolished, would refuse to ask Dean s.dvis~d amt:ndment. Republic, as has so often been pointed Acheson to resign. If I make any misstatement with re­ out by our great statesmen, lies not in Boiled down, the issue is whether the gard to the figures I am about to quote, aggression by a foreign foe, but in our Congress has the courage and the de­ I trust the gentleman from M;ichigan neglect or refusal to follow the princi­ termination to insist upon the resigna­ [Mr. FORD] will ask me to yield to him, ples enunciated in the Constitution, the tion or removal of a Secretary of State in b:it I believe I have the r-;ame figures he example set by our· forefathers, when whom the people have lost confidence has. by work, thrift and individual sacrifice, and who has, over an extended period Insofar as the Department of State of time, been sympathetic toward the they made secure the freedom and the is concerned in ~his amendment, and prosperity which we as a people have policies of Communist Russia, or whether considering our irr.porta:n.t overseas ac­ it will permit Mr. Truman to continue heretofore enjoyed. t:vities covering the whol:~ world, this The foregoing is but a partial and a in office a man whose policies, whatever · amendment would apply to exactly two very brief statement of some of the re­ may have been his motive or purpose, American full-time chauffeurs. It sults of following the policies of the State have permitted a communistic-domi­ would apply, however, to 443 overseas Department, of which Dean Acheson is nated Russia to threaten the people of foreigners, both full time and part time, the head. the·world-the security of our Republic. paid out of the Depa.rtment salaries and A few months ago our constituents in It is unfortunate that a majority of expenses appropriation. Now, over­ overwhelming numbers demanded that the Congress will not now, when oppor­ seas, throughout our 300 diplomatic Secretary of State Acheson be removed; tunity offers, take action which will oust posts, we must have locals driving our that the President be impeached if he Mr. Acheson. car[. If there is an accident, it is not refused to remove him. A TEST OF SINCERITY proper, it is not the feasible thing to We have been told that the Secretary When Douglas MacArtl:.ur was so have an American driving our embassy of State does not intend to resign, that abruptly relieved of his command in the car. If he were to run down a young­ the President does not intend to ask for Far East by President Truman, hun­ ster he would involve us in all c:orts of his resignation. It has been pointed out dreds of thousands of our constituents ill feeling with the people of that city or that there are insufficient votes to im­ protested that action and demanded that nation. · peach and convict the Secretary of State. Secretary of State Dean Acheson, who Mr. FORD. Mr. Chairman, will the Members of Congress have bitterly was believed to be responsible for that gentleman yield? criticized Dean Acheson. They have re­ action, be removed. Mr. ROONEY. ! yie~d to the gentle­ peatedly demanded his resignation. It Many of us advised our constituents ma:..i from Michigan. is more than probable that, if the opin­ that we agreed with them in their state­ Mr. FORD. The chart which I have, ion of individual Congressmen could be ment that Acheson had lost the con­ which was prepared by the Joint Com­ secretly ascertained, an overwhelming fidence of the American people and mittee on Reduction of Nonessential majority would favor his removal from should be removed. We promised to do Federal Expenditures, and was received office either voluntarily or by request. everything we could to see that he was by Senator FERGUSON from the senior The State Department has lost the removed. Have we lost our courage or Senator from Virginia, Mr. BYRD, is on confidence of the American people. That do we now want more of the Acheson­ page 6320. The chart shows. that fo:r confidence is absolutely necessary if we Marshall policy?. the Department of State there were, as

•

/. 8980 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 26 of the date mentioned in my remarks, Mr. Chairman, I ask that the so-called Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I 30 full-time chauffeurs and other em­ Ford automobile amendment be voted yield to the gentleman from New York. ployees employed as full-time _drivers. ·down as ill-advised. Mr. TABER. The gentleman should Mr. ROONEY. I do not know where The CHAIRMAN. The time of the be complimented on offering this amend­ Senator FERGUSON got -.the information gentleman from New York has expired, ment, which will place some of our ~or­ on which he embarked on his expedi­ all time on this amendment has expired. eign relations more in line with what tion, as the result of which he proposes The question is on the amendment they should be financially. to save a handful .of dollars. But I as­ offered by the gentleman from Michigan Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I sure you the figures I have from the De­ [Mr. FORD]. thank the gentleman. Common sense partment of State show number of The question was taken; and on a di­ and fairness, in my opinion, dictates that overseas chauffeurs fiscal year 1952 vision

• 1951 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 8981 Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. And the United Nations, 38.92 percent; the So I say it i's not good business, it is Mr. Hickerson said that his reference World Health Organization, 35 percent: not sensible, to adopt this amendment during testimony to 33 % percent was the the Child Welfare Organization, 35. 7 and cause complete disruption of all of amount "which the United Nations Gen~ percent, and UNESCO, 35.5 percent. these programs during this year. It eral Assembly has recognized as the However, next year's contributions have would certainly be more sensible to pre­ maximum that any state should in nor­ been lowered to exactly one-third, 33% sent this amendment to this same bill mal times be askM to contribute" to that percent, in every organization under the V(hen it comes up next year. There organization. That was the State De­ United Nations, but not so for this year. would be some logic, some reason in that. partment's word for .it, and I think Now, several programs are under way. But at this time it is highly inappro­ should be the absolute ceiling. Various programs operated by these spe­ priate and untimely. I ask you to de­ Mr. DAVIS of Wisconsin. Mr. Chair­ cialized agencies are being conducted, f eat the amendment. man, will the gentleman yield? and where we, of necessity, default for The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ · Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I yield 6 months, because we do not appropri­ nizes the gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. to the gentleman from Wisconsin. ate until July 1, they are using funds STEFAN]. Mr. DAVIS of Wisconsin. I would out of the working capital fund which . Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, I yield just like to say that the amendment will be repaid when the United States to the gentleman from New York [Mr. proposed by the gentleman from Missis­ Government makes its contribution. ROONEY]. sippi is not without precedent, because Consequently, this amendment would of Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I now in the supplemental appropriation bill necessity force a curtailment of oper­ ask for a vote on the pending amend­ which passed the House here about 4 ations or cessation of programs that are ment. weeks ago that ceiling, the exact per­ half way through, that have already been Mr. Chairman, I suggest that Mem­ centage which the gentleman has in his started. bers follow the logic advanced by the amendment, was imposed on one of the Of course, it would be penny-wise and able and distinguished gentleman from international funds, for the agency which pound-foolish to stop the program in the Georgia [Mr. PRESTON]. I warn that if worked through the United Nations. very middle of it or during the latter we were to adopt this amendment offered Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Chairman, will the part of the year. Second, if we adopt by the gentleman from Mississippi it this amendment, it is going to be ac­ would do more to disrupt the har­ gentleman yield? monious relations we have with our own Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I cepted as a fair :t:gure, and there will be little incentive left for delegates repre­ good neighbors right here in this hemis­ yield to the gentleman from Mississippi. phere, with the peoples of Central and Mr. RANKIN. Along the line suggest­ senting the United States to these vari­ ous conferences to seek a lower figure, South America, than any incident which ed by the gentleman from California has happened in over a century. [Mr. PHILLIPS] a while ago, is it not a because this will in effect say that 33 Ya is a fair percentage for the United States Mr. Chairman, I ask that the amend­ fact that the United States owes more ment be defeated. money than all the rest of the world put Government to contribute. I do not think that is true. I think we should The CHAIRMAN. The question is on together; that our national debt amounts continue to .strive to bring these con­ the amendment offered by the gentle­ to more than the combined national tributions down below the. 33%-percent man from Mississippi [Mr. WILLIAMS]. debts of all other countries of the world level. The question was taken; and on a put together? If so, then why should we division (demanded by Mr. WILLIAMS of try to finance the world and fight every­ Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? · Mississippi) there were-ayes 117, noes body else's wars throughout the world? 123. Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I Mr. PRESTON. I yield to the gentle­ man from Montana. Mr. WILLIAMS of. Mississippi. Mr. agree with the gentleman. Chairman, I demand tellers. Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Chairman, will the Mr. MANSFIELD. I think the House Tellers were ordered, and the Chair­ gentleman yield? should know that the gentleman now man appointed as tellers Mr. PRESTON Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I addressing us is an advocate of economy and Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. in government. The · proof lies in the The committee again divided; and the yield to the gentleman from Minnesota. fact that he was responsible for getting Mr. O'HARA. Can the gentleman tell tellers reported that there were-ayes a reduction in this Government's budget 155, noes 137. us what good some of these organiza­ appropriation to UNESCO this year, and tions do for the United States of Amer­ So the amendment was agreed to. has worked toward that end in years Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. Chair­ ica that would warrant even 33% per­ past for all international commissions cent? man, I off er an amendment. and agencies. The Clerk read as follows: Mr. WILLIAMS of Mississippi. I cer­ Mr. PRESTON. I tpank the gentle­ tainly cannot tell the gentleman. My man for the compliment. ·I did make the Amendment offered by Mr. SMITH of Wis­ imagination is not that good. consin: Page 58, line 14, insert a colon at motion in Paris on the part of the United the end of •the sentence and add the follow­ Mr. PRESTON. Mr. Chairman, I rise States Government to reduce our contri­ ing: "Provided further, That any funds pro­ in opposition to the amendment. bution to one-third, thereby saving us vided by this act shall not be available for Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, if the for the remaining years the sum of $435,- the compensation of persons performing in­ gentleman will yield, I ask unanimous 000 annually. After a long debate, re­ formation functions or related supporting consent that all debate on tlie pending quiring all of 1 day, the proposition was functions in excess of 75 percent (on an amendment and all amendments thereto annual basis) of the amount budgeted there­ finally carried. That will be our con­ for in the President's budget for 1952. For close in 10 minutes. tribution after this year. But please bear the purposes of this section the term 'infor­ The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection in mind that voting for this amendment mation function' means functions usually to the request of the gentleman from now would disturb the program of every performed by a person designated as an in­ New York? specialized agency in the United Nations, formation specialist, informat ion and edito­ There was no objection. and such as the Pan-American Union, rial specialist, publications and information coordinator, press relations officer or counsel, Mr. PRESTON. Mr. Chairman, I the Pan-American Railway Congress, the or publicity expert, or design ated by any would like to call to the attention of the Pan-American Sanitary Organization, similar title; and the term 'related support­ Committee two reasons why this amend­ the Caribbean Commission, and the In­ ing functions' means functions performed by ment should not be adopted. The first ter-American Institute of Agricultural persons who assist persons performing in­ reason is that the money appropriated Sciences. All of those agencies would formation functions in the drafting, prepar­ in this bill is for the calendar year 1951. be compelled to revise and revamp their ing, editing, typing, duplicating, or dissemi­ All of these agencies, these international program for the remainder of this cal­ nating of public information, publications organizations, operate on a calendar­ e:adar year. After that the contribu­ or releases, radio or television scripts, maga­ year basis rather than a fiscal-year tions will; as I say, to all of the United zine articles, and similar material." · basis. The amendment offered by the Nations organizations be exactly one­ Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I make gentleman from Mississippi would im­ third, including WHO, because it was re­ a point of order against the amendment pose 33 % percent on this year's oper­ duced at Geneva. The World Health ' offered by the gentleman from Wisconsin ations, and we have already obligated Organization contribution was reduced [Mr. SMITHJ on the ground it is legisla­ ourselves to contribute, in the case of at Geneva to one-third this year also. tion on an appropriation bill, legislation 8982 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 26 defining terms and functions; therefore, duced their employment rolls to 80 percent Mr. WALTER. Mr. Chairman, if the contrary to the rules of the House. of the total number on their rolls as of Au­ gentleman will yield, that is exactly the The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentle- gust 1, 1951, this limitation may cease to question I asked the gentleman. It . man from Wisconsin [Mr. SMITH] desire apply." · ought to exempt the Immigration Service, to be heard on the point of order? Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Chairman, I am because today 1t is woefully under­ Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. Chair- sure every Member of this House is manned and thousands of aliens are man, the point of order raised is not ·familiar with the Jensen amendments pouring into this country over our pertinent to the purposes of this amend- which have already been adopted on border. ment, which merely places a restriction five appropriation bills. Mr. STEFAN. Mr. Chairman, if the on the ·amount of money that might be · Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, will gentleman will yield, it exempts the De­ used where it is being .used for publicity the distinguished gentleman yield? partment of Justice, purposes. Mr. JENSEN. I yield to the gentle- Mr. JENSEN. It exempts the Depart­ Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairm!tn, the man from New York. ment of Justice except administration gentleman is not addressing himself to Mr. ROONEY. In view of the fact personnel. the point of order, but rather explaining that this very amendment has been de­ Mr. ROONEY. I am glad to hear that his amendment. bated many times since the first appro- the Immigration and Naturalization The CHAIRMAN. The Chair. will be priation bill was reported this year, I Service is excepted. pleased to hear the gentleman on the believe everyone here is familiar with Mr. JENSEN. The Civil Aeronautics point of order. That is the question the so-called Jensen amendment. We Administration has not increased its now before the Committee. had a roll-call vote on it, as I recall, only personnel in the past number of years, Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Mr. Chair- yesterday. I wonderif we cannot agree man, it is my view that this amend- to conclude the debate immediately and and they have taken on many added ment is in order and that it is germane vote? responsibilities. So, we exempted the Civil Aeronautics Administration be­ to the bill now under consideration. - It Mr. JENSEN. There are some ex­ cause we tried to encourage those agen­ provides merely for a limitation on this emptions here I think I should explain. cies which have done a good job in hold­ appropriation bill of 25 percent in the It will take only a· short while. amount that can be used. Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Chairman, I ask ing down their employees and hence, Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chatr- unanimous consent that all debate on their expenditures. Other than that man, will the gentleman yield? the pending amendment and all amend- this amendment is , identical with the Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. I yield to ments thereto close in 10 minutes. five previous am'3ndments which I the gentleman from Nebraska. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection offered and which this House has Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. As it was to the request of the gentleman from adopted. .read, very clearly it is merely a limita- New York? The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ tion on an appropriation bill; and if that Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin; Mr. Chair- nizes the gentleman from New York [Mr. is so, it should be in order. man, reserving the right to object, is ROONEY]. The CHAIRMAN New York City, $2,392; Contracts with 277 individuals, missing magE.zine editors and book publishers. Richard Burgi, Chatham, N. Y., $515; George from the records, were lumped under the The revelations of Communist influences Debs, Brooklyn, N. Y., $2,000; Aaron M. heading: "Miscellaneous $383,346." under State Secretary Acheson and ·our dip­ Burns, New York City (photos, stories, art INFORMATION UNAVAILABLE lomatic disasters abroad have not stemmed work), $102,033; Kennedy Associates, New York, $3,800; Eric Godal, New York, $550; At another point in the records, there was a tide of printed and spoken praise of the a brief notation: "Miscellaneous contracts State Department. Nina Rittenberg, Seaford, L. I., N. Y., $900; Simon Menache, New York, $763; Terry Haas, with 21 companies or individuals-$174,237." Disclosure of the contracts indicates that New York, $1,853; Richard Schwartz, River In accounting for expenditure of $2,244,- these supporters of Acheson have a financial 000 for motion picture equipment, a report interest in keeping him in office in addition Edge, N. J., $1,933; Peter Palazzo, Staten Island, N. Y., $1,500; Allen Whiting, Jr., merely stated: "Equipment contracted in to their sympathy for his policies. Brooklyn, N. Y., $500; George Cronyn, New Paris by American Embassy. Contract in­ FREE-LANCE FUND York, $300. formation not available." The contracts cover only a portion of the Harris Peel, Washington, was paid $440 for Members of the House appropriations operations of the State Department's inter­ articles on the point 4 agreements. Robert committee have been baffied in attempts to national information and educational ac­ Clark Honey, Washington, received $425 for get more definite information on such de­ tivity branch. This is the propaganda unit articles covering the visit of French techni­ tails from the State Department. They have which includes the Voice of America and it is cians to the United States. Robert K. demanded the names of all recipients of a supposed to spread the American viewpoint Butcher, Washington, received $500 for mysterious $1,500,000 fund apportioned last throughout the world in opposition to com­ articles on Human Rights in the United year to free-lance writers. munism. It cost the American people ap­ States. Investigators suspect that this fund may proximately $100,000,000 in the last 12 LUCE PUBLICATIONS have been used to increase the income of months. Life magazine, a Henry Luce publication, newspaper columnists, radio commentators, But much of the State Department's collected $500 for an American Revolution and magazine writers who have been con­ spending, the evidence reveals is devoted pamphlet. Life-Time, Inc., receive.d $5,169 sistent defenders of State Secretary Acheson to the judicious allotment of funds to per­ in another contract and March of Time, a against charges that his policies have been sons and organizations which can impress motion-picture affiliate, collected $2,362 in influenced by Communists in his Depart­ their opinions upon the American public. a contract with the State Department. ment. 8984 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JULY 26 DEPARTMENT PAYS WELL Tellers were ordered, and the Chair­ Hinshaw Miller, Nebr. Smith, Va. Hoeven Morano Smith, Wis. The State Department pays by Hollywood man appointed as tellers Mr. FLOOD and Hoffman, Mich. Nicholson Springer standards when it contracts for the services Mr. SMITH of Wisconsin. Holmes O'Hara Stanley of movie script writers not on the Federal The Committee again divided; and the Horan O'Konskl Stockman · payroll, the contracts reveal. Here are some Hull O!Stertag Taber of the contracts awarded to individuals in tellers reported that there were-ayes Jackson, Calif. Phillips Talle the fiscal year of 1951: 154, noes 154. James Polk Thompson, Don G. Williams, $4,454; Gardner Hart, So the amendment was rejected. Jenison Potter Mich. The Clerk concluded reading the Jenkins Poulson Towe $2,500; Jay Dresser, $3,000; Frank Gulick, bill. Jensen Rankin Vail $2,500; Fillimore J. Phipps, $2,800; Richard The CHAIRMAN. Under the rule the Jonas Reece, Tenn. Van Pelt L. G. Devereall, $1,250; Ray Hargrave, $8,000; Committee rises. Kearns Reed, Ill. Van Zandt George Worford, $1,500; Sam Rose, $2,367; Accordingly the Committee rose, and Kilburn Reed, N. Y. Velde Latham Rees, Kans. Vorys Alex Greendale, $2,367; William O'Brien, the Speaker having resumed the chair, $1,900; Sigmund Miller, $4,100; Curtis Mitch­ Lecompte Robeson Vursell ell, $2,094; Guy K. Benson, $2,951; Joseph Mr. CooPER, Chairman of the Committee Lovre Rogers, Mass. Weichel of the Whole House on the State of the McConnell Sadlak Werdel Krungold $5,247; George Axelrod, $1,892; McCulloch St. George Wharton Sam.Locke, $1,845. Union, reported that that Committee. McDonough Schwabe Wigglesworth Lester L. Cooper, $1,690; Alden Stevens, having had under consideration the bill McGregor Scrivner Williams, Miss. $2,700; James Schwep, $13,775; Erskine F. ill to provide an increased to the Committ e on the Judiciary. THI!: JOURNAL penalty for the sale of narcotic drugs, to By Mr. CAMP: On request of Mr. McFARLAND, ttrtd persons under 21 years of a_ge, and for other H. R. ·:1:969. A hill for the relief of Susa purposes; to the Committee on Ways and Yukiko Thomason; to the Com1.1ittee on the by unan:mous consent, the reading of Means. . Judiciar.y. the Journal of the proceedings of Thurs­ By Mr. JACKSON of Washington: By Mr. JUDD: day, July 26: 1951, -was dispensed :with. H. R. 4963. A bill to authorize . the con­ H. R. 4970. A bill for the relief of Theodore MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT struction, operation, and maintenance of J. Lindstrom and Fred C. Carlson; to the certain fuel-fired electric generating plants Committee on the Judiciary. A message in writing from the Presi- · in order to make it possible for the D~part­ ment of the Interior to meet certain _defense By Mr. MORRISON: dent of the United .States submitting a power requirements in the Pacific Northwest, ' H. R. 4971. A bill for the relief of Josefina nomination was communicated to the and for other purposes; to the Committee V. Guerrero; to the Committee on the Judi- Senate by Mr. Hawks, one of-his ·secre- ct~~ - on Public Works. · taries. · By Mr. PHILLIPS: BY Mr. McKINNON: MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE H. R. 4964. A bill to authorize the Secre­ H. R. 4972. A bill for the relief of Kichizo tary of the Navy to enlarge existing water­ and Yasu Nakagawa; to the Committee on A message from the House of Repre­ supply facilities for the San Diego, Calif., the Judiciary. sentatives, by Mr. Snader, its assistant area in order to insure tbe existence of an By Mr. W, ALTER: reading clerk, announced that the House adequate water supply for naval and Marine H. Con. Res. 145. Concurrent resolution favoring the granting of the status of per­ had passed the fallowing bills, in which Corps installations and defense production it requested the concurrence of the plants in such area; to the Committee on manent residcn<:e to certain aliens; to the Armed Services. Committee on the Judiciary. Senate: By Mr. DOYLE: H. R. 4601. An act to provide that the ad­ H. R. 4965. A bill to authorize the Secre­ PETITIONS, ETC. missions tax shall not apply in respect of tary of the Navy to-sell and convey to Sam admissions free of charge of uniformed mem­ Arvanitis and George Arvanitis a parcel of ·Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions bers of the Armed Forces of the United · land consisting of one-quarter acre, niore and ·papers were laid on the Clerk's desk States; and .. or less, situated· at the Naval Ammunition and referred as follows: H. R. 4740. An act making appropriations and Net Depot, Seal Beach, Calif.; to the 364. By Mr. BEAMER: Petition of the con­ for the Departments of State, Justice, Com­ Committee on Armed Services. gregation of the First Christian Church, merce, and the Judiciary, for the fiscal year By Mr .. BARTLETT: Marion, Ind., request;ng that every effort be ending June 30, 1952, and for other purposes. H. R. 4966. A bill governing the hospitali­ put forth to bring about the release of Wil­ ENROLLED BILL SIG_NED zation of the mentally ill of Alaska, and au­ liam N. Oatis; to the Committee on Foreign thorizing the Secretary of the Interior to Affairs. The message also announced that the locate, establish, construct, equip, and op­ 365. By Mr. THORNBERRY: Petition of Speaker had affixed his signature to the erate a hospital for the mentally ill of Alaska citizens of the Tenth Congressional District enrolled bill (H. R. 997) for the relief and for other purposes; to the Committee on of 'fexas, requesting that the To\:nsend bill of William J. Drinkwine, .and it was Interior and Insular Affairs. be brought out of committee so that ade­ signed by the Vice President. By Mr. VAN ZANDT: quate care may be taken of our aged citizens; H. Con. Res. 142. Concurrent resolution to to the Committee on Ways and Means . • HOUSE BILLS REFERRED establish the Joint Committee on Railroad 366. By the SPEAKER: Petition of Filipino The following bills were each read Retirement Benefits; to the Committee on Businessmen's Association of Honolulu, Rules. twice by their titles and referred as Honolulu, T. H., relative to supporting and :indicated: H. Con. Res. 143. Concurrent resolution to endorsing H. R. 4298 to confer upon Hawaii provide funds for the expenses of the inves­ the status of a State for purposes of the H. R. 4601. An act to provide that the ad­ tigation and study authorized by House immigration and naturalization laws and missions tax shall not apply in respeat of Concurrent Resolution 142; to the Commit­ for other purposes; to the Committee on the admissrons free of charge of uniformed mem­ tee on House Administration. Judiciary. bers of the Armed Forces of the United By Mr. ARMSTRONG: States; to the Committee on Finance. H. Con. Res. 144. Concurrent resolution H. R. 4740. An act making appropriations concerning the Secretary of State; to the for the Departments of State, Justice, Com­ Committee on the Judiciary. SENATE merce, and the Judiciary, for the fiscal year By Mr. THOMAS: ending June 30, 1952, and for other purposes; H. Res. 357. Resolution to provide for an FRIDAY, JULY 27, 1951 to the Committee on Appropriations.- investigation of action taken by the Defense LEAVE OF ABSENCE Production Administration and other agen­ (Legislative day of Tuesday, July 24, cies with respect to certificates of necessity 1951) On request of Mr. SALTONSTALL, and by ~r emergency facilities, in au.thorizing con­ unanimous consent, he and Mr. SMITH of struction, and in making direct loans for New Jersey were excused from attend­ plant expansion; to the Co:nmittee on Rules. The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, on the expira.tion of the recess. ance on the session of the Senate later The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown -this afternoon for 2 hours in order to MEMORIALS Harris, D. D., offered the following attend the funeral of Admiral Sherman. Under clause 3 of rule XXII, memo­ prayer: TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE BUSINESS rials were presented and referred as follows: · _ Eternal Spirit, whose inward fellow­ Mr. McFARLAND. Mr. President, I ship means cleansing, peace and power, ask unanimous consent that Senators be By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legis­ we come _asking that there may be dis­ permitted to make insertions in the REC­ lature of the Stat e of Delaware, memorializ­ ing the President and the Congress of the solved the barriers that keep our souls ORD, and transact routine business, with- United States relative to an act providing from Thee. Save us, we · pray, from a out debate. · that the State of Delaware may enter into towering self-sufficiency that wpl not The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob­ a compact with any other State_ for mutual .even recognize our need, from an im-_ jection, it is so ordered .