DOCSLIB.ORG

Snakes of Wisconsin

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Snakes of Wisconsin G3139 Snakes of Wisconsin Scott R. Craven and George J. Knudsen though, that bee and wasp isconsin is home to 22 stings and lightning claim far more lives different snake species. nationwide than poisonous snakes. WSome snakes are abundant, some rare. Most help to control potentially destruc- If people knew a little more about snakes, tive insects and rodents. Only two—both they would not misunderstand and fear rattlesnakes—are poisonous. them. A fear of snakes is often acquired from friends or relatives who fear snakes. Many people fear snakes, probably In most cases, this fear is one that can be because they know that several are poi- overcome! sonous. Some people go out of their way to kill snakes, even when there is no Outdoor enthusiasts in particular should threat to safety or property. As a result, learn to identify snakes and know some- many harmless and beneficial snakes are thing about their behavior and ecology, indiscriminately destroyed. In addition, not only to be safe, but also because thousands of snakes fall victim annually to snakes are interesting members of the nat- cars on our highways. Traffic probably ural world. Snakes are secretive and reduces snake populations significantly in often protectively colored, so it’s a chal- some areas of Wisconsin. lenge to spot even those that are abundant. None of Wisconsin’s snakes are large enough to hurt a human by squeezing, or Rural and suburban homeowners may “constricting.” But snakes can bite. Most occasionally encounter snakes and should large snakes bite when cornered or han- know enough about them to make such dled, and tiny ones often try. Large encounters less traumatic—for both snakes may draw blood while small ones species. usually do not. Of course, rattlesnakes can inflict serious bites. Keep in mind, Some snake biology Yet other snakes are opportunistic and nakes are reptiles, related to feed on whatever they can capture. lizards and turtles. Because Some, such as the blue racer, actively Sthey have backbones, they are also verte- pursue their prey, while others lie in wait brates, as are birds and mammals. But to ambush passing prey. unlike birds and mammals, snakes are “cold-blooded”; they cannot regulate Snake teeth vary in size, but they are all body temperature physiologically. They sharp and hooked backward to hold warm or cool themselves by seeking sun prey. The rattlesnake’s upper jaws have or shade, and obtain heat from the large hollow fangs which are connected ground, the air and directly from sunlight. to venom glands. The fangs fold back In winter, snakes hibernate below the against the roof of the mouth when not in frostline for as long as six or seven use. A snake’s lower jaws and the tooth- months. Some species gather in huge bearing bones of the upper jaw are masses to hibernate in favored locations loosely connected to the skull by liga- called hibernacula. Garter snakes are ments that allow the jaws to open wide famous for this, but even the larger and swallow large prey. species often share the same hibernacula, A snake’s forked tongue is a sensory such as deep crevices in rocky outcrop- organ for sound, taste and smell. It is not pings, old quarries or building founda- a “stinger.” tions. During extremely cold winters with little snow cover, deep penetrating frosts Snakes mate in spring. Some lay eggs, may kill hibernating snakes. while others give birth to living young which develop from eggs carried and Snakes feed on a wide variety of animal incubated inside the female. As a snake life: frogs, toads, lizards, salamanders, grows, it sheds its skin to allow for an earth worms, insects, small mammals and increase in size. Depending on food sup- birds. Some have specialized diets. For plies and weather conditions, a snake example, the hognose snake feeds heavi- may shed several times during a summer. ly on toads, the queen snake on crayfish. Watersnakes eat fish, and milk snakes sometimes eat other snakes. 2 Poisonous snakes Timber rattlers are typically non-aggres- isconsin has only two sive. They prefer to flee rather than bite or species of poisonous rely on their cryptic coloration to go unno- Wsnakes. The larger and potentially more ticed. Not many people venture into their dangerous is the timber rattler. This is a rocky, brushy habitat, so fortunately 1 large snake, sometimes reaching 5 ⁄2 feet human-snake encounters are kept to a and rarely a little longer. The timber rat- minimum. tler is yellowish with narrow, bold dark bands, black tail, unmarked yellow to yel- People hiking or hunting in timber rat- lowish-tan head and tan rattles. It is found tlesnake range and habitat should be cau- mainly near cliffs, rock outcroppings and tious about where they place their hands steep hillsides along the Wisconsin and and feet while climbing around rocks and Mississippi Rivers and their tributaries in walking near thick brush piles, fallen hol- southwestern Wisconsin, although individ- low trees and wood piles. They should uals occasionally turn up outside this also know, from consulting a first-aid primary range. guide, what to do in case of a poisonous snake bite. Timber rattler Timber rattler habitat 3 Wisconsin’s other poisonous snake is the massasauga or “swamp rattler.” This small- to medium-sized, heavy-bodied snake is restricted to low marshy or swampy areas in central and west central Wisconsin (figure 1). It is an endangered species and rarely encountered. It has disappeared from 52 of the 62 townships in which it was found before 1980, and now only a few isolated populations are known. They are found at the mouth of the Chippewa River, near Portage, near Massasauga the Necedah National Wildlife Refuge in central Wisconsin, and in the Turtle Creek area in Walworth County. The massas- auga has lethal venom, and there are records of humans having died from its bite, but not in Wisconsin. However, because of its small size, its bite is rarely fatal, although it can be serious if not treated. How to identify poisonous snakes There are several ways to distinguish poi- sonous from nonpoisonous snakes. In the field, the two rattlesnakes can be identi- fied by their obvious rattles and color pat- terns. In Wisconsin, any solid-colored or lengthwise-striped snake is nonpoisonous. Also, all nonpoisonous snakes have a tail that comes to a point like a sharpened pencil (figure 2). You can examine the characteristics of a dead snake in more detail (but don’t kill a snake for this pur- Figure 1. Timber rattler and massasauga habitat in pose). Be careful when approaching and Wisconsin. Neither species is uniformly distributed through- out its range; populations are local and spotty. Ranges are examining an apparently dead snake. It drawn to include some areas where there is only a remote may only appear dead. A freshly “killed” possibility of encountering these species. snake can turn its head and bite by reflex action. 4 Both of Wisconsin’s rattlesnakes belong to Poisonous snakes have elliptical, vertical the pit viper family, so named because of eye pupils, while nonpoisonous ones a pit or depression in front of each eye have round pupils. Also, the scales on the (figure 3). The pits are heat-sensing underside of the tails of poisonous and organs that aid in locating, striking and nonpoisonous snakes differ. capturing warm-blooded prey. Nonpoisonous snakes have no pits. Figure 2. Snake markings. Solid colored or lengthwise-striped snakes are nonpoisonous. If a snake is marked in any other way, use other characteristics for identification. Note the slender, pointed tail on all non-poisonous snakes. Smooth green snake Eastern garter snake Timber rattlesnake Bullsnake Figure 3. Characteristics of poisonous and nonpoisonous snakes. Poisonous Nonpoisonous vertical pupil round pupil nostril nostril pit underside of tail 5 Wiscons o help you interpret the Tinformation below, keep in mind that a small snake is less than 11⁄2 feet long; a medium snake is 11⁄2–3 feet long; and a large snake is more than 3 feet long. Eastern garter snake Bullsnake Blue racer Eastern garter snake Eastern Plains garter snake Smooth green snake (Coluber constrictor foxi). (Thamnophis sirtalis (Thamnophis radix radix). (Opheodrys vernalis). A A large, very smooth, sirtalis). Found statewide Found in the southern half small, bright green snake bluish-slate snake with a and very common in a wide of Wisconsin; similar to (sometimes tan or buff- yellow belly; very fast and variety of habitats. Small- to other garter snakes, but colored) with a white or aggressive; found in the medium-sized. with side stripes on third yellow belly; found southwestern quarter of and fourth rows of scales. statewide usually under Eastern hognose snake Wisconsin; farther north in Black bars on the upper lip debris. Rare in southern extreme western Wisconsin. (Heterodon platyrhinos). plates. Small- to medium- Wisconsin A medium-sized heavyset sized. Brown snake or snake with an upturned Western fox snake DeKay’s snake nose; generally brown with Northern red-bellied snake (Elaphe vulpina vulpina). (Storeria dekayi). A very large round brown spots; (Storeria occipitomaculata A large snake found small tan snake with two found in southern, central, occipitomaculata). A small statewide; yellowish with parallel rows of tiny dark northeastern and northwest- brown snake with a bright large dark saddles and side spots down the back; found ern Wisconsin. When dis- red or orange belly; found blotches; head of adult is a most commonly in southern turbed it flattens its head statewide. very distinct immaculate three-quarters of and neck like a cobra, hiss- copper color like a penny.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Venomous Snakes in Pennsylvania the First Question Most People Ask When They See a Snake Is “Is That Snake Poisonous?” Technically, No Snake Is Poisonous
    Venomous Snakes in Pennsylvania The first question most people ask when they see a snake is “Is that snake poisonous?” Technically, no snake is poisonous. A plant or animal that is poisonous is toxic when eaten or absorbed through the skin. A snake’s venom is injected, so snakes are classified as venomous or nonvenomous. In Pennsylvania, we have only three species of venomous snakes. They all belong to the pit viper Nostril family. A snake that is a pit viper has a deep pit on each side of its head that it uses to detect the warmth of nearby prey. This helps the snake locate food, especially when hunting in the darkness of night. These Pit pits can be seen between the eyes and nostrils. In Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Snakes all of our venomous Checklist snakes have slit-like A complete list of Pennsylvania’s pupils that are 21 species of snakes. similar to a cat’s eye. Venomous Nonvenomous Copperhead (venomous) Nonvenomous snakes Eastern Garter Snake have round pupils, like a human eye. Eastern Hognose Snake Eastern Massasauga (venomous) Venomous If you find a shedded snake Eastern Milk Snake skin, look at the scales on the Eastern Rat Snake underside. If they are in a single Eastern Ribbon Snake Eastern Smooth Earth Snake row all the way to the tip of its Eastern Worm Snake tail, it came from a venomous snake. Kirtland’s Snake If the scales split into a double row Mountain Earth Snake at the tail, the shedded skin is from a Northern Black Racer Nonvenomous nonvenomous snake.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology of the Desert Massasauga Rattlesnake in Colorado: Habitat and Resource Utilization
    Ecology of the Desert Massasauga Rattlesnake in Colorado: Habitat and Resource Utilization A report to the CDOW and USFWS for the Colorado Wildlife Conservation Grant Program Dr. Stephen P. Mackessy School of Biological Sciences University of Northern Colorado 501 20th St., CB 92 Greeley, CO 80639-0017 USA Tel: (970)-351-2429 Fax: (970)-351-2335 Email: [email protected] http://www.unco.edu/nhs/biology/faculty_staff/mackessy_stephen.htm Desert Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus edwardsii) from Lincoln County, Colorado ABSTRACT We conducted a radiotelemetric study on a population of Desert Massasaugas (Sistrurus catenatus edwardsii) in Lincoln County, SE Colorado. Massasaugas were most active between 14 and 30 °C, with an average ambient temperature during activity of 22.1°C. In the spring, snakes make long distance movements (up to 2 km) from the hibernaculum (shortgrass, compacted clay soils) to summer foraging areas (mixed grass/sandsage, sand hills). Summer activity is characterized by short distance movements, and snakes are most often observed at the base of sandsage in ambush or resting coils. Massasaugas gave birth to 5-7 young in late August, and reproduction appears to be biennial. Observations on three radioed gravid females indicated that Desert Massasaugas show maternal attendance for at least five days post-parturition. Snakes returned to the hibernaculum area in October and appear to hibernate individually in rodent burrows most commonly. However, the immediate region is utilized by several other species of snakes, particularly Prairie Rattlesnakes (Crotalus viridis viridis), and Massasaugas were also observed at the entrance to these den sites, suggesting that they are used by the Massasaugas as well.
    [Show full text]
  • The Plains Garter Snake, Thamnophis Radix, in Ohio
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of 6-30-1945 The Plains Garter Snake, Thamnophis radix, in Ohio Roger Conant Zoological Society of Philadelphia Edward S. Thomas Ohio State Museum Robert L. Rausch University of Washington, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Conant, Roger; Thomas, Edward S.; and Rausch, Robert L., "The Plains Garter Snake, Thamnophis radix, in Ohio" (1945). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 378. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/378 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 1945, NO.2 COPEIA June 30 The Plains Garter Snake, Thamnophis radix, in Ohio By ROGER CONANT, EDWARD S. THOMAS, and ROBERT L. RAUSCH HE announcement that Thamnophis radix, the plains garter snake, oc­ T curs in Ohio and is not rare in at least one county, will surprise most herpetologists and students of animal distribution. Since the publication of Ruthven's monograph on the genus (1908), almost all authors have followed his definition of the range of this species, giving eastern Illinois as its eastern­ most limit. Ruthven (po 80), however, believed that radix very probably would be found in western Indiana, a supposition since substantiated by Schmidt and Necker (1935: 72), who report the species from the dune region of Lake and Porter counties.
    [Show full text]
  • The Herpetology of Erie County, Pennsylvania: a Bibliography
    The Herpetology of Erie County, Pennsylvania: A Bibliography Revised 2 nd Edition Brian S. Gray and Mark Lethaby Special Publication of the Natural History Museum at the Tom Ridge Environmental Center, Number 1 2 Special Publication of the Natural History Museum at the Tom Ridge Environmental Center The Herpetology of Erie County, Pennsylvania: A Bibliography Revised 2 nd Edition Compiled by Brian S. Gray [email protected] and Mark Lethaby Natural History Museum at the Tom Ridge Environmental Center, 301 Peninsula Dr., Suite 3, Erie, PA 16505 [email protected] Number 1 Erie, Pennsylvania 2017 Cover image: Smooth Greensnake, Opheodrys vernalis from Erie County, Pennsylvania. 3 Introduction Since the first edition of The herpetology of Erie County, Pennsylvania: a bibliography (Gray and Lethaby 2012), numerous articles and books have been published that are pertinent to the literature of the region’s amphibians and reptiles. The purpose of this revision is to provide a comprehensive and updated list of publications for use by researchers interested in Erie County’s herpetofauna. We have made every effort to include all major works on the herpetology of Erie County. Included are the works of Atkinson (1901) and Surface (1906; 1908; 1913) which are among the earliest to note amphibians and or reptiles specifically from sites in Erie County, Pennsylvania. The earliest publication to utilize an Erie County specimen, however, may have been that of LeSueur (1817) in his description of Graptemys geographica (Lindeman 2009). While the bibliography is quite extensive, we did not attempt to list everything, such as articles in local newspapers, and unpublished reports, although some of the more significant of these are included.
    [Show full text]
  • The Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake Is Toxic, but Only a Small Amount Is Injected Through Short Fangs
    What’s so special about the massasauga? Northern Indiana’s The rare eastern massasauga is northern Indiana’s only native rattlesnake. Endangered Because eastern massasaugas are shy and secretive, you may never see one in the wild. These snakes hide under Rattlesnake brush and retreat to a sheltered area if spotted in the open. Although eastern massasaugas are venomous, they usually flee from humans rather than bite. Their venom Range of the Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake is toxic, but only a small amount is injected through short fangs. The last human fatality from an eastern Why are they endangered? massasauga bite occurred more than 60 years ago. Eastern massasaugas are endangered over much of their Eastern massasaugas live in range because their wetland habitats are often drained and northern Indiana’s swamps, Eastern massasaugas play an important role in the filled for development. These snakes are also collected for bogs, and wetlands. ecosystem by feeding on mice, voles, and shrews, thus the illegal reptile trade. People may kill massasaugas out of Christopher Smith helping to keep the rodent population under control. fear, not realizing the snakes’ importance to the ecosystem. People and snakes can live together. Nicholas Scobel Understanding snakes is the first step. Learn to identify eastern massasaugas and other Indiana snakes. A field guide to native reptiles can help. Wear proper footwear when hiking in areas where snakes might be found, especially at night. Stay on trails. Limit the use of pesticides and other chemicals on natural areas on your property. All wildlife will benefit. Teach your family and friends about snakes and what to do if they see an eastern massasauga.
    [Show full text]
  • Jennifer Szymanski Usfish and Wildlife Service Endangered
    Written by: Jennifer Szymanski U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service Endangered Species Division 1 Federal Drive Fort Snelling, Minnesota 55111 Acknowledgements: Numerous State and Federal agency personnel and interested individuals provided information regarding Sistrurus c. catenatus’status. The following individuals graciously provided critical input and numerous reviews on portions of the manuscript: Richard Seigel, Robert Hay, Richard King, Bruce Kingsbury, Glen Johnson, John Legge, Michael Oldham, Kent Prior, Mary Rabe, Andy Shiels, Doug Wynn, and Jeff Davis. Mary Mitchell and Kim Mitchell provided graphic assistance. Cover photo provided by Bruce Kingsbury Table of Contents Taxonomy....................................................................................................................... 1 Physical Description....................................................................................................... 3 Distribution & State Status............................................................................................. 3 Illinois................................................................................................................. 5 Indiana................................................................................................................ 5 Iowa.................................................................................................................... 5 Michigan............................................................................................................ 6 Minnesota..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Snakes of the Everglades Agricultural Area1 Michelle L
    CIR1462 Snakes of the Everglades Agricultural Area1 Michelle L. Casler, Elise V. Pearlstine, Frank J. Mazzotti, and Kenneth L. Krysko2 Background snakes are often escapees or are released deliberately and illegally by owners who can no longer care for them. Snakes are members of the vertebrate order Squamata However, there has been no documentation of these snakes (suborder Serpentes) and are most closely related to lizards breeding in the EAA (Tennant 1997). (suborder Sauria). All snakes are legless and have elongated trunks. They can be found in a variety of habitats and are able to climb trees; swim through streams, lakes, or oceans; Benefits of Snakes and move across sand or through leaf litter in a forest. Snakes are an important part of the environment and play Often secretive, they rely on scent rather than vision for a role in keeping the balance of nature. They aid in the social and predatory behaviors. A snake’s skull is highly control of rodents and invertebrates. Also, some snakes modified and has a great degree of flexibility, called cranial prey on other snakes. The Florida kingsnake (Lampropeltis kinesis, that allows it to swallow prey much larger than its getula floridana), for example, prefers snakes as prey and head. will even eat venomous species. Snakes also provide a food source for other animals such as birds and alligators. Of the 45 snake species (70 subspecies) that occur through- out Florida, 23 may be found in the Everglades Agricultural Snake Conservation Area (EAA). Of the 23, only four are venomous. The venomous species that may occur in the EAA are the coral Loss of habitat is the most significant problem facing many snake (Micrurus fulvius fulvius), Florida cottonmouth wildlife species in Florida, snakes included.
    [Show full text]
  • The Massasauga Rattlesnake
    Pennsylvania Amphibians & Reptiles TTheh e MMassasauga s s a s a u g a R a t t l e s n a k e by Andrew L. Shiels “Massasauga,” “swamp rattler,” and “black snapper,” are a 24 to 30 inches. It has a grayish body color with a series of few of the nicknames given to a rare, secretive, yet interest- dark-brown, irregularly shaped blotches along the top of ing rattlesnake found in northwestern Pennsylvania. Its the back. These blotches are the source of the Latin spe- limited distribution and unique ecological needs have un- cies name “catenatus,” which means “chain-like.” Along fortunately placed this species among Pennsylvania’s most the sides of the body are two to three rows of smaller, more endangered. Out of sight and out of mind to most Penn- rounded spots. sylvanians, the massasauga has been quietly disappearing Massasaugas are pit vipers, which means there is a for years. However, recent conservation efforts have been heat-sensing pit on the side of the head between the eye undertaken to ensure its survival in the Commonwealth. and nostril. Like our other two venomous species, the Understanding its biology and ecology are keys to devel- northern copperhead and the eastern timber rattlesnake, oping an effective conservation strategy. massasaugas have vertically elliptical pupils and a single The eastern massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus catenatus) row of scales on the underside of the tail. Unlike timber is a medium-sized venomous snake that reaches lengths of rattlesnakes, which have many small scales on the head, a massasauga’s head is covered with nine large, scale plates typical of our non-venomous species.
    [Show full text]
  • Lesser Known Snakes (PDF)
    To help locate food, snakes repeat- edly flick out their narrow forked tongues to bring odors to a special sense organ in their mouths. Snakes are carnivores, eating a variety of items, including worms, with long flexible bodies, snakes insects, frogs, salamanders, fish, are unique in appearance and small birds and mammals, and even easily recognized by everyone. other snakes. Prey is swallowed Unfortunately, many people are whole. Many people value snakes afraid of snakes. But snakes are for their ability to kill rodent and fascinating and beautiful creatures. insect pests. Although a few snakes Their ability to move quickly and are venomous, most snakes are quietly across land and water by completely harmless to humans. undulating their scale-covered Most of the snakes described bodies is impressive to watch. here are seldom encountered— Rather than moveable eyelids, some because they are rare, but snakes have clear scales covering most because they are very secre- their eyes, which means their eyes tive, usually hiding under rocks, are always open. Some snake logs or vegetation. For information species have smooth scales, while on the rest of New York’s 17 species others have a ridge on each scale of snakes, see the August 2001 that gives it a file-like texture. issue of Conservationist. Text by Alvin Breisch and Richard C. Bothner, Maps by John W. Ozard (based on NY Amphibian & Reptile Atlas Project) Artwork by Jean Gawalt, Design by Frank Herec This project was funded in part by Return A Gift To Wildlife tax check-off, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service and the NYS Biodiversity Research Institute.
    [Show full text]
  • Reptiles of Alberta
    of Alberta 2 Alberta Conservation Association - Reptiles of Alberta How Can I Help Alberta’s Reptiles? Like many other wildlife species, Alberta’s reptiles struggle to adapt to human impacts on the habitats and ecosystems in which they depend. The destruction and exploitation of natural habitats is causing reptiles to become rare or to disappear from many areas. Chemicals and poisons introduced into their ecosystems harms them directly or indirectly by affecting their food supply. Development and urbanization not only contribute to an increase in road mortality, pollution, and loss of habitat, but also human-snake conflicts that often end unjustly with the demise of snakes. The key to preserving Alberta’s reptiles is to conserve the places where they live. Actively managing the health and function of ecosystems, preserving native habitats, and avoiding the use of pesticides and other harmful chemicals can result in wide-ranging benefits for both reptiles and people alike. While traveling on Alberta roadways be mindful of snakes that may be attracted to warm road surfaces or that may be crossing during their wanderings. Keep a careful lookout for “snake crossing” signs that warn motorists of the possible presence of snakes on roadways in key areas. Perhaps one of the easiest things you can do to help Alberta’s reptiles is sharing what you have learned in this brochure with others, and when it comes to snakes, being more tolerant. What is a Reptile? Reptiles have been around for some 300 million years and date back to the age of the dinosaur. That era has long past and those giants have disappeared, but more than 8000 species of reptiles still thrive today! Snakes, lizards, and turtles are all reptiles.
    [Show full text]
  • Snakes of the Prairie
    National Park Service Scotts Bluff U.S. Department of the Interior Scotts Bluff National Monument Nebraska Snakes of the Prairie Wildlife and Scotts Bluff National Monument is a unique historic landmark which preserves both cultural and Landscapes natural resources. Sweeping from the river valley woodlands, to the mixed-grass prairie, to pine studded bluffs, Scotts Bluff contains a wide variety of wildlife and landscapes. The 3,000 acres com- prising Scotts Bluff conserves one of the last areas of the Great Plains which has not been significant- ly changed by human occupation. Biological Four different species of snakes are known to live at Scotts Bluff National Monument, and may be Diversity of seen by park visitors during the warm months of the year. Though many people regard these rep- the Prairie tiles with feelings of fear and loathing, snakes are generally undeserving of their bad reputation. All snakes are exclusively carniverous and often feed on rodents and insects and should be considered beneficial to humans. They are cold-blooded animals and must avoid extremes of heat and cold. For this reason, you are unlikely to see snakes in the open on hot summer days. If a snake of any kind is encountered, the best advice is to give it plenty of room and a chance to escape. All snakes avoid humans whenever possible and should not be provoked. Prairie Rattlesnake Photo by Steve Thompson Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis) The prairie rattlesnake is the only venomous snake found at Scotts Bluff National Monument. Rat- tlesnakes belong to the Pit Viper family of snakes, characterized by temperature sensitive “pits” on either side of the face between the eye and the nostril.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the Reptil and Am Hibians of Central Minnesota- Regi N3w
    This document is made available electronically by the Minnesota Legislative Reference Library as part of an ongoing digital archiving project. http://www.leg.state.mn.us/lrl/lrl.asp (Funding for document digitization was provided, in part, by a grant from the Minnesota Historical & Cultural Heritage Program.) Guide to the Reptil and Am hibians of Central Minnesota- Regi n3W Minnesota Department of Natural Resources January 1, 1979 Guide to the Herpetofauna of Central Minnesota Region 3 - West This preliminary guide has been prepared as a reference to the occurrence and distribution of reptiles and amphibians of Region 3 - West in Central Minnesota. Taxonomy and identification are based on "A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians" by Roger Conant (Second Edition 1975). Figure 1 is a map of the region. Counties Included: Benton, Cass, Crow Wing, Morrison, Sherburne, Stearns, Todd, Wadena and Wright. SPECIES LIST Turtles Salamanders Common snapping turtle Blue-spotted salamander Map turtle Eastern tiger salamander Western painted turtle Mudpuppy (?) *Blanding's turtle *Central (Common) newt (?) Western spiny softshell *Red-backed salamander (?) Lizards Toads Northern priaire skink American toad Snakes Frogs Red-bellied snake Northern spring peeper Texas brown (DeKay's) snake Common (gray) treefrog Northern water snake Boreal chorus frog J s.s. Western plains garter snake Western chorus frog Red-sided garter snake] s.s. Mink frog Eastern garter snake Northern leopard frog Eastern hognose snake Green frog *Western smooth green snake} s.s. Wood frog *Eastern smooth green snake Bull snake s.s. - single species (?) - hypothetical species - reports needed * - special interest species - reports needed Summary A total of 24 species are found in Region 3 - West.
    [Show full text]