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THE HOLOCAUST and the UNITED NATIONS OUTREACH PROGRAMME the Holocaust and the United Nations Outreach Programme THE HOLOCAUST AND THE UNITED NATIONS OUTREACH PROGRAMME The Holocaust and the United Nations Outreach Programme The Holocaust and the United Nations Outreach Volume III The Holocaust and the United Nations Outreach Programme Discussion Papers Journal Volume III The Holocaust and the United Nations Outreach Programme Discussion Papers Journal — Volume III United Nations | New York, 2015 The discussion papers series provides a forum for individual scholars on the Holocaust and the prevention of genocide to raise issues for debate and further study. These writers, representing a variety of cultures and backgrounds, have been asked to draft papers based on their own perspective and particular experiences. The views expressed by the individual scholars do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations. The discussion papers series is also available online at www.un.org/ holocaustremembrance. United Nations Department of Public Information, Outreach Division Editor: Kimberly Mann Editorial Assistant: Masooma Rahmaty www.un.org/holocaustremembrance E-mail: [email protected] iii Contents Foreword by Ms. Cristina Gallach, Under-Secretary-General for Communications and Public Information . v Rescue during the Holocaust: The Courage to Care . 25 January 2013, by Professor Mordecai Paldiel . 1 Journeys through the Holocaust . 27 January 2014, by Mr. Steven Spielberg . 13 Liberty, Life and the Legacy of Holocaust Survivors . 28 January 2015, by Mr. Avner Shalev . 23 The Legacy of the Danish rescue . What can we learn from the Danish example about the relation between Holocaust history and Holocaust education?, by Professor Cecilie Felicia Stokholm Banke . 33 Remembering the Dead, Documenting Resistance, Honouring the Heroes: the Sinti and Roma 25 January 2013, by Professor Ethel Brooks . 47 Why We Need the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance, by Mr. Mario Silva . 61 The Semlin Judenlager in Belgrade: A Contested Memory, by Professor Jovan Byford . 73 Music and the Holocaust, by Professor Shirli Gilbert . 85 Holocaust Remembrance and Education in Morocco, by Mr. Elmehdi Boudra . 95 Rabbi Leo Baeck and the Leo Baeck Institute: A Response to Nazi Persecution and Displacement and Post-Holocaust Memory, by Mr. William H. Weitzer . 107 From Commitment to Action: The Enduring Importance of the Responsibility to Protect, by Mr. Adama Dieng and Ms. Jennifer Welsh . 121 iv The Holocaust and the United Nations Outreach Programme Annexes I. United Nations General Assembly Resolution 60/7 on Holocaust Remembrance (2005) II. United Nations General Assembly Resolution 6/255 on Holocaust Denial (2007) III. Holocaust and the United Nations Outreach Programme v FOREWORD By Ms. Cristina Gallach, Under-Secretary-General for Communications and Public Information, UN Photo/Mark Garten United Nations Cristina Gallach For the past decade the Holocaust and the United Nations Outreach Programme has mobilized students and educators around the world to never forget the lessons of the past . We are grateful to our many partners who have contributed to this work . In 2015 alone, with the support of our United Nations Information Centres, Holocaust com- memorative activities took place in more than 40 countries . The global reach of this important educational Programme is stronger than ever . Today, the world is being re-shaped by further globalization, migra- tion and climate change . Long-simmering disputes have erupted into armed hostilities and too many people continue to suffer from war, discrimination and other violations of their human rights . Violence and bias, according to Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, are “stark reminders of the distance still to travel in upholding human rights, preventing genocide and defending our common humanity” . The Sec- retary-General has been clear: “We must redouble our efforts to erad- icate the deep roots of hatred and intolerance . People everywhere must unite to stop the cycles of discord and build a world of inclusion and mutual respect ”. Indeed, as we mark the 70th anniversary of the end of the Second World War and the founding of the United Nations, let us commit anew to protecting the vulnerable, promoting funda- mental human rights, and upholding the freedom, dignity and worth of every person . These discussion papers are a remarkable and moving demonstra- tion of these values . The collection is the third in this series and one vi The Holocaust and the United Nations Outreach Programme of the many educational tools produced by the Holocaust and the United Nations Outreach Programme . Since its creation in 2005 by the United Nations General Assembly through its resolution 60/7, the Programme has developed an innovative approach in all six official languages that includes online and print educational products, DVDs, exhibits, social media campaigns, student video conferences and high- level events . It also continues to combat Holocaust denial, as called for by the United Nations General Assembly in resolution 61/255 . I invite you to view a short film on the Programme’s tenth anniver- sary that is available on its website (un .org/holocaustremembrance) . The papers in this volume were written by a diverse group of authors on a wide range of topics, from their distinct personal perspectives . Among the contributors are academics, researchers, and sociologists, the chairman of a world-renowned Holocaust museum, the Special Advisers to the Secretary-General on the Prevention of Genocide and the Responsibility to Protect, a Hollywood filmmaker, and a for- mer United Nations intern . They are from Canada, Denmark, Israel, Morocco, Senegal, Serbia, the United Kingdom and the United States . Their articles deal with a fascinating wide range of issues including Holocaust education in Denmark, and in Morocco; the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance; music and the Holocaust; rescue; the preservation of former Nazi concentration and death camps; crimes committed against the Roma and Sinti during the Second World War; the post-Holocaust memory of German-Jewish achieve- ments; and the prevention of atrocity crimes . I encourage you to read and share this publication . While the views expressed by individual scholars might not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations, the writers offer insights that help to raise the level of dialogue, as well as define possible means to curtail human rights abuses . The articles provide an opportunity for deeper reflection, discussion, and will hopefully instil in our readers the desire to take positive action . We look forward to your reactions and continued support for the Holocaust and the United Nations Outreach Programme . Rescue during the Holocaust: The Courage to Care 1 I A poster of Raoul Wallenberg’s portrait produced on the occasion of the centenary of his birth. Photo Credit: Courtesy of the International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation RESCUE DURING THE HOLOCAUST: The Courage to Care biography/ UN Photo/Rick Bajornas PROFESSOR MORDECAI PALDIEL Professor Mordecai Paldiel, the former Director of the Department of the Right- eous at Yad Vashem, teaches History of the Shoah at Stern College and History of the 20th Century at Touro College. Professor Paldiel, a leading authority on rescue during the Holocaust, has written several books including The Path of the Right- eous: Gentile Rescuers of Jews during the Holocaust, Whosoever Saves One Life: The Uniqueness of the Righteous Among the Nations and Sheltering the Jews: Stories of Holocaust Rescuers and German Rescuers of Jews: Individuals versus the System. In 1991, Professor Paldiel was the Ida E. King Distinguished Visiting Scholar of Holocaust Studies at the Richard Stockton College of New Jersey. He received a BA from Hebrew University and an BA, MA and PhD in Religion and Holocaust Studies from Temple University. Professor Paldiel delivered the keynote address at the United Nations Holocaust Memorial Ceremony in January 2013. 3 Rescue during the Holocaust: The Courage to Care by Professor Mordecai Paldiel, former Director of the Department of the Righteous at Yad Vashem It was a clear moonlit night as I, a six-year-old boy at the time, trudged along an isolated tree-covered field with my parents, my grandmother, and five siblings — one of which I carried in my arms with difficulty . We slowly made our way toward the double barbed wire fence that separated France from Switzerland . It was the evening of 8 September 1943, the day Italy surrendered to the Allies, and the Germans were about to take over the watch of that section of the border . Up until then, the Italians had been charged with this responsibility . Before this attempt to escape, my family had moved from one place to another, over a period of three years, seeking safety in the Vichy zone of France . We had fled there from Belgium after the Germans invaded the country on 10 May 1940 . Our first move was from the little town of St . Gauden, situated at the foot of the Pyrenees Mountains, where we attempted to cross into Spain . Having failed, we moved on to Marseilles . Soon after the Germans occupied the city in November 1942, we fled to the little village of Varces, located in the Italian zone of France near Grenoble . Now, with the Italians gone, my parents decided, in a last desperate attempt, to cross into Switzerland . With the help of two Frenchmen, we made it across safely, only to be arrested by a Swiss border patrol . We were interned, but luckily we were not turned back into France, which was now fully controlled by Nazi Germany . 4 The Holocaust and the United Nations Outreach Programme The man who made this possible was a French cleric named Abbé Simon Gallay, who lived in the little town of Evian-les-Bains . My mother had met him only a few days earlier, but had been told Abbé Simon Gallay was a friendly cleric who would help us . When my mother approached him, he immediately promised to arrange our flight to Switzerland . And he kept his word . Many decades later, when I headed the Righteous Among the Nations Programme1 at Yad Vashem, The Holocaust Martyrs’ and Heroes’ Remembrance Authority, I promised myself that I would try and find him .
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