Chapter 1 Introduction to Web Environment
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A Reference Architecture for Web Servers
A Reference Architecture for Web Servers Ahmed E. Hassan and Richard C. Holt Software Architecture Group (SWAG) Dept. of Computer Science University of Waterloo Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1 CANADA +1 (519) 888-4567 x 4671 {aeehassa, holt}@plg.uwaterloo.ca ABSTRACT document increases with the size and the complexity of the software system. Recently, a number of tools have A reference software architecture for a domain defines been developed to decrease this cost by helping to ex- the fundamental components of the domain and the tract the architecture of a software system [7, 16, 20, relations between them. Research has shown the bene- 21]. Using these tools, reverse engineering researchers fits of having a reference architecture for product de- have developed semi-automated processes to extract the velopment, software reuse, and maintenance. Many product’s architecture from available artifacts such as mature domains, such as compilers and operating sys- the product's source code and any available documenta- tems, have well-known reference architectures. tion. In this paper, we present a process to derive a reference The reference architecture [4] for a domain is an archi- architecture for a domain. We used this process to de- tecture template for all the software systems in the do- rive a reference architecture for web servers, which is a main. It defines the fundamental components of the relatively new domain. The paper presents the map- domain and the relations between these components. ping of this reference architecture to the architectures of The architecture for a particular product is an instance three open source web servers: Apache (80KLOC), of the reference architecture. -
Server: Apache
Modern Trends in Network Fingerprinting SecTor [11.21.07] Jay Graver Ryan Poppa // Fingerprinting Topics Why, What, Who & How? Tools in action Why Tools Break Tools EOL New Approaches New Tool // Why Fingerprint? WhiteHat needs accurate identification of hosts in a PenTest report BlackHat reconnaissance SysAdmins track down and identify new services or hosts when they appear on their network // What is a Fingerprint? Looking at something common … 192.168.2.187:8004 192.168.2.187 [152] 48 54 54 50 2f 31 2e 31 20 32 30 30 20 4f 4b 0d HTTP/1.1 200 OK. 0a 43 6f 6e 6e 65 63 74 69 6f 6e 3a 20 63 6c 6f .Connection: clo 73 65 0d 0a 41 6c 6c 6f 77 3a 20 4f 50 54 49 4f se..Allow: OPTIO 4e 53 2c 20 47 45 54 2c 20 48 45 41 44 2c 20 50 NS, GET, HEAD, P 4f 53 54 0d 0a 43 6f 6e 74 65 6e 74 2d 4c 65 6e OST..Content‐Len 67 74 68 3a 20 30 0d 0a 44 61 74 65 3a 20 46 72 gth: 0..Date: Fr 69 2c 20 30 32 20 4e 6f 76 20 32 30 30 37 20 32 i, 02 Nov 2007 2 32 3a 32 35 3a 31 38 20 47 4d 54 0d 0a 53 65 72 2:25:18 GMT..Ser 76 65 72 3a 20 6c 69 67 68 74 74 70 64 2f 31 2e ver: lighttpd/1. 34 2e 31 35 0d 0a 0d 0a 4.15... -
Next Generation Web Scanning Presentation
Next generation web scanning New Zealand: A case study First presented at KIWICON III 2009 By Andrew Horton aka urbanadventurer NZ Web Recon Goal: To scan all of New Zealand's web-space to see what's there. Requirements: – Targets – Scanning – Analysis Sounds easy, right? urbanadventurer (Andrew Horton) www.morningstarsecurity.com Targets urbanadventurer (Andrew Horton) www.morningstarsecurity.com Targets What does 'NZ web-space' mean? It could mean: •Geographically within NZ regardless of the TLD •The .nz TLD hosted anywhere •All of the above For this scan it means, IPs geographically within NZ urbanadventurer (Andrew Horton) www.morningstarsecurity.com Finding Targets We need creative methods to find targets urbanadventurer (Andrew Horton) www.morningstarsecurity.com DNS Zone Transfer urbanadventurer (Andrew Horton) www.morningstarsecurity.com Find IP addresses on IRC and by resolving lots of NZ websites 58.*.*.* 60.*.*.* 65.*.*.* 91.*.*.* 110.*.*.* 111.*.*.* 113.*.*.* 114.*.*.* 115.*.*.* 116.*.*.* 117.*.*.* 118.*.*.* 119.*.*.* 120.*.*.* 121.*.*.* 122.*.*.* 123.*.*.* 124.*.*.* 125.*.*.* 130.*.*.* 131.*.*.* 132.*.*.* 138.*.*.* 139.*.*.* 143.*.*.* 144.*.*.* 146.*.*.* 150.*.*.* 153.*.*.* 156.*.*.* 161.*.*.* 162.*.*.* 163.*.*.* 165.*.*.* 166.*.*.* 167.*.*.* 192.*.*.* 198.*.*.* 202.*.*.* 203.*.*.* 210.*.*.* 218.*.*.* 219.*.*.* 222.*.*.* 729,580,500 IPs. More than we want to try. urbanadventurer (Andrew Horton) www.morningstarsecurity.com IP address blocks in the IANA IPv4 Address Space Registry Prefix Designation Date Whois Status [1] ----- -
World-Wide Web Proxies
World-Wide Web Proxies Ari Luotonen, CERN Kevin Altis, Intel April 1994 Abstract 1.0 Introduction A WWW proxy server, proxy for short, provides access to The primary use of proxies is to allow access to the Web the Web for people on closed subnets who can only access from within a firewall (Fig. 1). A proxy is a special HTTP the Internet through a firewall machine. The hypertext [HTTP] server that typically runs on a firewall machine. server developed at CERN, cern_httpd, is capable of run- The proxy waits for a request from inside the firewall, for- ning as a proxy, providing seamless external access to wards the request to the remote server outside the firewall, HTTP, Gopher, WAIS and FTP. reads the response and then sends it back to the client. cern_httpd has had gateway features for a long time, but In the usual case, the same proxy is used by all the clients only this spring they were extended to support all the within a given subnet. This makes it possible for the proxy methods in the HTTP protocol used by WWW clients. Cli- to do efficient caching of documents that are requested by ents don’t lose any functionality by going through a proxy, a number of clients. except special processing they may have done for non- native Web protocols such as Gopher and FTP. The ability to cache documents also makes proxies attrac- tive to those not inside a firewall. Setting up a proxy server A brand new feature is caching performed by the proxy, is easy, and the most popular Web client programs already resulting in shorter response times after the first document have proxy support built in. -
Learning Management System Technologies and Software Solutions for Online Teaching: Tools and Applications
Learning Management System Technologies and Software Solutions for Online Teaching: Tools and Applications Yefim Kats Ellis University, USA & Rivier College, USA InformatIon scIence reference Hershey • New York Director of Editorial Content: Kristin Klinger Director of Book Publications: Julia Mosemann Acquisitions Editor: Lindsay Johnston Development Editor: Elizabeth Ardner Typesetter: Gregory Snader Production Editor: Jamie Snavely Cover Design: Lisa Tosheff Printed at: Yurchak Printing Inc. Published in the United States of America by Information Science Reference (an imprint of IGI Global) 701 E. Chocolate Avenue Hershey PA 17033 Tel: 717-533-8845 Fax: 717-533-8661 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.igi-global.com/reference Copyright © 2010 by IGI Global. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher. Product or company names used in this set are for identification purposes only. Inclusion of the names of the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered trademark. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Learning management system technologies and software solutions for online teaching : tools and applications / Yefim Kats, editor. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. Summary: "This book gives a general coverage of learning management systems followed by a comparative analysis of the particular LMS products, review of technologies supporting different aspect of educational process, and, the best practices and methodologies for LMS-supported course delivery"--Provided by publisher. ISBN 978-1-61520-853-1 (hardcover) -- ISBN 978-1-61520-854-8 (ebook) 1. -
Escuela T´Ecnica Superior De Ingeniería De
ESCUELA TECNICA´ SUPERIOR DE INGENIER´IA DE TELECOMUNICACION´ Ingenier´ıa de Telecomunicacion´ PROYECTO FIN DE CARRERA Learning Analytics, Escalabilidad, Mejora de la Experiencia de Usuario e Internacionalizacion´ de la Herramienta de E-Learning FLEQ Autor: Cristina Lavado Arevalo´ Tutor: Gregorio Robles Mart´ınez Curso Acad´emico2013/2014 Proyecto Fin de Carrera LEARNING ANALYTICS, ESCALABILIDAD, MEJORA DE LA EXPERIENCIA DE USUARIO E INTERNACIONALIZACION´ DE LA HERRAMIENTA DE E-LEARNING FLEQ Autor Cristina Lavado Arevalo´ Tutor Gregorio Robles Mart´ınez La defensa del presente Proyecto Fin de Carrera se realiz´oel d´ıa de de , siendo calificada por el siguiente tribunal: PRESIDENTE: SECRETARIO: VOCAL: y habiendo obtenido la siguiente calificaci´on: CALIFICACION:´ Fuenlabrada, a de de . Copyright c 2014 Cristina Lavado Ar´evalo Este documento se publica bajo la licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-CompartirIgual 3.0 Espa~na http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/es (Ver Ap´endices) A mi familia Agradecimientos Esta´ es la culminaci´onde innumerables experiencias personales, que han dejado en m´ıgrandes recuerdos. Enumerar a todas las personas que me han apoyado e inspirado en estos ´ulti- mos a~noses una tarea incompleta y que voy a revelar ahora. Son muchas las personas a las que tengo que agradecer haber conseguido realizar el sue~node presentar este Proyecto y dar por finalizada una etapa de mi vida de la que me llevo grandes momentos. A los primeros que tengo que dar las gracias es a mi familia, y sobre todo a mis padres, sin vosotros no habr´ıa sido posible, gracias por vuestro apoyo incondicional y vuestro sacrificio durante estos a~nos.Sin la confianza que siempre hab´eisdepositado en m´ı,vuestra sinceridad y consejos este Proyecto y muchos logros personales no habr´ıanvisto la luz. -
Site Map - Apache HTTP Server 2.0
Site Map - Apache HTTP Server 2.0 Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0 Site Map ● Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0 Documentation ❍ Release Notes ■ Upgrading to 2.0 from 1.3 ■ New features with Apache 2.0 ❍ Using the Apache HTTP Server ■ Compiling and Installing Apache ■ Starting Apache ■ Stopping and Restarting the Server ■ Configuration Files ■ How Directory, Location and Files sections work ■ Server-Wide Configuration ■ Log Files ■ Mapping URLs to Filesystem Locations ■ Security Tips ■ Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) support ■ Content Negotiation ■ Custom error responses ■ Setting which addresses and ports Apache uses ■ Multi-Processing Modules (MPMs) ■ Environment Variables in Apache ■ Apache's Handler Use ■ Filters ■ suEXEC Support ■ Performance Hintes ■ URL Rewriting Guide ❍ Apache Virtual Host documentation ■ Name-based Virtual Hosts ■ IP-based Virtual Host Support ■ Dynamically configured mass virtual hosting ■ VirtualHost Examples ■ An In-Depth Discussion of Virtual Host Matching ■ File descriptor limitations ■ Issues Regarding DNS and Apache ❍ Apache Server Frequently Asked Questions http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/sitemap.html (1 of 4) [5/03/2002 9:53:06 PM] Site Map - Apache HTTP Server 2.0 ■ Support ❍ Apache SSL/TLS Encryption ■ SSL/TLS Encryption: An Introduction ■ SSL/TLS Encryption: Compatibility ■ SSL/TLS Encryption: How-To ■ SSL/TLS Encryption: FAQ ■ SSL/TLS Encryption: Glossary ❍ Guides, Tutorials, and HowTos ■ Authentication ■ Apache Tutorial: Dynamic Content with CGI ■ Apache Tutorial: Introduction to Server Side Includes ■ Apache -
Apache : Analyse D'un Succès Passé Et Présent
Apache : analyse d’un succès passé et présent Le serveur HTTP Apache, avec plus de 60% de parts de marché, possède une position de leader incontesté. Des concurrents, tant libres que propriétaires, existent pourtant. Mais il n’ont jamais mis en péril la position d’Apache. Ce document se propose d’en analyser les causes de succès passées et présentes. Apache et le NCSA fork communautaire eut lieu. Ainsi naquit Caudium, basé sur le code de Roxen 1.3 Début 1995, le serveur HTTP le plus de fin juillet 2000. populaire était le logiciel du domaine public HTTPD, développé par Rob McCool Les compétiteurs propriétaires du NCSA (Centre National des Applications sur Super-ordinateurs, Le principal compétiteur propriétaire Université de l’Illinois, USA). reste, en terme de part de marché, Microsoft, avec son Internet Information Le développement ‘HTTPD s’étant arrêté Server (IIS), avec environ 30% de part à la mi-1994, suite au départ du NCSA de marché. D’autres se sont développés de McCool, un petit groupe de sur des marchés de niche, comme Zeus webmestres se regroupe en vue de (moins de 2%), dédiés aux sites à très mettre en commun les modifications forte fréquentation. ¨ apportées. Fin février 1995, huit programmeurs bénévoles travaillaient Pourquoi Apache et pas Roxen ? sur ce projets, baptisé Apache (a patche). Basée sur la version 1.3 du Le premier serveur HTTP portable est serveur HTTPD, la première version celui du NCSA (1993), dont est issu d’Apache (version 0.6.2) fut publiée en Apache. Mais la lignée des serveurs avril 1995. -
F JUN 1 1 1996
Mixed Retrieval and Virtual Documents on the World Wide Web by Christopher Alan Fuchs Submnitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degrees of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Engineering and Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology May 2, 1996 Copyright 1996 Christopher Alan Fuchs. All rights reserved. The author hereby grants to M.I.T. permission to reproduce and to distribute copies of this thesis document in whole or in part, and to grant others the right to do so. Author V J .. f Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science May 2, 1996 Certified by Ci James S. Miller (I^ - Thesis Supervisor Accepted by. F.R. Morgenthaler . -'.s!-s rs u F Chairman, Department Conunittee on Graduate Theses OF TECHNOLOGY JUN 1 1 1996 ULIBRARIES Eng. Mixed Retrieval and Virtual Documents on the World Wide Web by Christopher Alan Fuchs Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science May 2, 1996 In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Engineering and Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ABSTRACT World Wide Web site managers are forced to serve data using static retrieval (from the file system) or dynamic retrieval (by executing programs) without the practical option of migrating between the two. It was found that dynaimnic retrieval through the CGI script mechanism has an overhead of 18-33% above its statically-retrieved counterpart. A mixed retrievalsystem allows Web documents to migrate between static and dynamic retrieval to gain ithe benefits of both methods and increase the overall performance of the server. -
Web Server Administration - the Easy Way
Chapter 1: What’s In Your Web Site? Get to Know Your Web Server Administrator Web server computer platforms UNIX Macintosh Windows NT Web server software NCSA, W3C/CERN, and Apache Windows NT WebSTAR and MacHTTPD How your Web site fits into the whole Administrator’s jargon and management tools Round Up the Usual Suspects! Inventory Web server resources Take stock of your Web site Lotsa docs (it’s not an M.D.’s convention) Graphics galore The supporting cast of applications… Marvelous miscellany “Organized Web site” is not an oxymoron Where does your site live? Picture your directory/file structure as a tree You can’t tell the territory without a map Understanding all the pieces and parts Using remote hyperlinks What’s the code situation like? Any imagemaps in the picture? Strategic Planning for Your Web Site Juggling large document collections Tooling Up for Web Site Management What tools do you really need? Tool search adventures Judge what you find How to get ’em when you find ’em Wheeling and dealing: what’s your budget? Chapter 2: Web Server Administration - the Easy Way Web Server Hosting Options Web server hosting services Local Web server hosts Web server space renters Web malls Your friendly neighborhood ISP Your organization’s LAN You!? How the Web Server Fits into the Whole The hardware: computer and telephone equipment Web server software and (briefly) how it works The basics Passing information into and out of the HTTP server Web Server Platforms UNIX and the Web Windows (NT and 95) are coming on strong The Macintosh alternative -
Apache Web Server ______
Apache Web Server _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Original author(s) Robert McCool Developer(s) Apache Software Foundation Initial release 1995[1] 2.4.9 (March 17, 2014) [±] Stable release Development Active status Written in C, Forth, XML[2] Type Web server License Apache License 2.0 Website httpd.apache.org The Apache HTTP Server , commonly referred to as Apache , is a web server application notable for playing a key role in the initial growth of the World Wide Web.[3] Originally based on the NCSA HTTPd server, development of Apache began in early 1995 after work on the NCSA code stalled. Apache quickly overtook NCSA HTTPd as the dominant HTTP server, and has remained the most popular HTTP server in use since April 1996. In 2009, it became the first web server software to serve more than 100 million websites.[4] Apache is developed and maintained by an open community of developers under the auspices of the Apache Software Foundation. Most commonly used on a Unix-like system,[5] the software is available for a wide variety of operating systems, including Unix, FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, Novell NetWare, OS X, Microsoft Windows, OS/2, TPF, OpenVMS and eComStation. Released under the Apache License, Apache is open-source software. As of June 2013, Apache was estimated to serve 54.2% of all active websites and 53.3% of the top servers across all domains.[6][7][8][9][10] 1 Apache Web Server _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Name According to the FAQ in the Apache project website, the name Apache was chosen out of respect to the Native American tribe Apache and its superior skills in warfare and strategy. -
Pipenightdreams Osgcal-Doc Mumudvb Mpg123-Alsa Tbb
pipenightdreams osgcal-doc mumudvb mpg123-alsa tbb-examples libgammu4-dbg gcc-4.1-doc snort-rules-default davical cutmp3 libevolution5.0-cil aspell-am python-gobject-doc openoffice.org-l10n-mn libc6-xen xserver-xorg trophy-data t38modem pioneers-console libnb-platform10-java libgtkglext1-ruby libboost-wave1.39-dev drgenius bfbtester libchromexvmcpro1 isdnutils-xtools ubuntuone-client openoffice.org2-math openoffice.org-l10n-lt lsb-cxx-ia32 kdeartwork-emoticons-kde4 wmpuzzle trafshow python-plplot lx-gdb link-monitor-applet libscm-dev liblog-agent-logger-perl libccrtp-doc libclass-throwable-perl kde-i18n-csb jack-jconv hamradio-menus coinor-libvol-doc msx-emulator bitbake nabi language-pack-gnome-zh libpaperg popularity-contest xracer-tools xfont-nexus opendrim-lmp-baseserver libvorbisfile-ruby liblinebreak-doc libgfcui-2.0-0c2a-dbg libblacs-mpi-dev dict-freedict-spa-eng blender-ogrexml aspell-da x11-apps openoffice.org-l10n-lv openoffice.org-l10n-nl pnmtopng libodbcinstq1 libhsqldb-java-doc libmono-addins-gui0.2-cil sg3-utils linux-backports-modules-alsa-2.6.31-19-generic yorick-yeti-gsl python-pymssql plasma-widget-cpuload mcpp gpsim-lcd cl-csv libhtml-clean-perl asterisk-dbg apt-dater-dbg libgnome-mag1-dev language-pack-gnome-yo python-crypto svn-autoreleasedeb sugar-terminal-activity mii-diag maria-doc libplexus-component-api-java-doc libhugs-hgl-bundled libchipcard-libgwenhywfar47-plugins libghc6-random-dev freefem3d ezmlm cakephp-scripts aspell-ar ara-byte not+sparc openoffice.org-l10n-nn linux-backports-modules-karmic-generic-pae