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Systems Programming II
Systems Programming II Iqbal Mohomed CSC 209 – Summer 2004 Week 7 Motivation for Signals • When a program forks into 2 or more processes, rarely do they execute independently of each other • The processes usually require some form of synchronization, and this is typically handled using signals. Job control is another important use • Data usually needs to be passed between processes also, and this is typically handled using pipes and sockets, which we will discuss shortly • Signals are usually generated by – Machine interrupts – The program itself, other programs, or the user (i.e. from the keyboard) Introduction to Signals • When a C program receives a signal, control is immediately passed to a function called a signal handler • The signal handler function can execute some C statements and exit in three different ways: – Return control to the place in the program which was executing when the signal occurred – Return control to some other point in the program – Terminate the program by calling the exit (or _exit) function signal() • A default action is provided for each kind of signal, such as terminate, stop or ignore • For nearly all signal types, the default action can be changed using the signal() function. The exceptions are SIGKILL and SIGSTOP. The handler is defined as follows: – typedef void (*sighandler_t)(int); • To change the handler: – sighandler_t signal(int signum, sighandler_t handler); More on signal() • For each process, the OS maintains a table of actions that should be performed for each kind of signal. The signal() function changes the table entry for the signal named as the first argument to the value provided as the second argument. -
Katalog Elektronskih Knjiga
KATALOG ELEKTRONSKIH KNJIGA Br Autor Naziv Godina ISBN Str. Porijeklo izdavanja 1 Peter Kent Pay Per Click Search 2006 0-471-74594-3 130 Kupovina Engine Marketing for Dummies 2 Terry Large Access 1 2007 Internet Freeware 3 Kevin Smith Excel Lassons & Tutorials 2004 Internet Freeware 4 Terry Michael Photografy Tutorials 2006 Internet Freeware Janine Peterson Phil Pivnick 5 Jake Ludington Converting Vinyl LPs 2003 Internet Freeware to CD 6 Allen Wyatt Cleaning Windows XP 2004 0-7645-7311-X Poklon for Dummies 7 Peter Kent Sarch Engine Optimization 2006 0-4717-5441-2 Kupovina for Dummies 8 Terry Large Access 2 2007 Internet Freeware 9 Dirk Dupon How to write, create, 2005 Internet Freeware promote and sell E-books on the Internet 10 Chayden Bates eBook Marketing 2000 Internet Freeware Explained 11 Kevin Sinclair How To Choose A 1999 Internet Freeware Homebased Bussines 12 Bob McElwain 101 Newbie-Frendly Tips 2001 Internet Freeware 13 Windows Basics 2004 Poklon 14 Michael Abrash Zen of Graphic 2005 Poklon Programming, 2. izdanje 15 13 Hot Internet 2000 Internet Freeware Moneymaking Methods 16 K. Williams The Complete HTML 1998 Poklon Teacher 17 C. Darwin On the Origin of Species Internet Freeware 2/175 Br Autor Naziv Godina ISBN Str. Porijeklo izdavanja 18 C. Darwin The Variation of Animals Internet Freeware 19 Bruce Eckel Thinking in C++, Vol 1 2000 Internet Freeware 20 Bruce Eckel Thinking in C++, Vol 2 2000 Internet Freeware 21 James Parton Captains of Industry 1890 399 Internet Freeware 22 Bruno R. Preiss Data Structures and 1998 Internet -
Mac OS X Server Administrator's Guide
034-9285.S4AdminPDF 6/27/02 2:07 PM Page 1 Mac OS X Server Administrator’s Guide K Apple Computer, Inc. © 2002 Apple Computer, Inc. All rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this publication may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of Apple. The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes without the prior written consent of Apple may constitute trademark infringement and unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws. Apple, the Apple logo, AppleScript, AppleShare, AppleTalk, ColorSync, FireWire, Keychain, Mac, Macintosh, Power Macintosh, QuickTime, Sherlock, and WebObjects are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. AirPort, Extensions Manager, Finder, iMac, and Power Mac are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Adobe and PostScript are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Java and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. Netscape Navigator is a trademark of Netscape Communications Corporation. RealAudio is a trademark of Progressive Networks, Inc. © 1995–2001 The Apache Group. All rights reserved. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, licensed exclusively through X/Open Company, Ltd. 062-9285/7-26-02 LL9285.Book Page 3 Tuesday, June 25, 2002 3:59 PM Contents Preface How to Use This Guide 39 What’s Included -
Bibliography of Erik Wilde
dretbiblio dretbiblio Erik Wilde's Bibliography References [1] AFIPS Fall Joint Computer Conference, San Francisco, California, December 1968. [2] Seventeenth IEEE Conference on Computer Communication Networks, Washington, D.C., 1978. [3] ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD Symposium on Principles of Database Systems, Los Angeles, Cal- ifornia, March 1982. ACM Press. [4] First Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, 1986. [5] 1987 ACM Conference on Hypertext, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, November 1987. ACM Press. [6] 18th IEEE International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing, Tokyo, Japan, 1988. IEEE Computer Society Press. [7] Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, Portland, Oregon, 1988. ACM Press. [8] Conference on Office Information Systems, Palo Alto, California, March 1988. [9] 1989 ACM Conference on Hypertext, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, November 1989. ACM Press. [10] UNIX | The Legend Evolves. Summer 1990 UKUUG Conference, Buntingford, UK, 1990. UKUUG. [11] Fourth ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, Hilton Head, South Carolina, November 1991. [12] GLOBECOM'91 Conference, Phoenix, Arizona, 1991. IEEE Computer Society Press. [13] IEEE INFOCOM '91 Conference on Computer Communications, Bal Harbour, Florida, 1991. IEEE Computer Society Press. [14] IEEE International Conference on Communications, Denver, Colorado, June 1991. [15] International Workshop on CSCW, Berlin, Germany, April 1991. [16] Third ACM Conference on Hypertext, San Antonio, Texas, December 1991. ACM Press. [17] 11th Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems, Houston, Texas, 1992. IEEE Computer Society Press. [18] 3rd Joint European Networking Conference, Innsbruck, Austria, May 1992. [19] Fourth ACM Conference on Hypertext, Milano, Italy, November 1992. ACM Press. [20] GLOBECOM'92 Conference, Orlando, Florida, December 1992. IEEE Computer Society Press. http://github.com/dret/biblio (August 29, 2018) 1 dretbiblio [21] IEEE INFOCOM '92 Conference on Computer Communications, Florence, Italy, 1992. -
Unix System Programming Overview Outline What Is a Signal? Signal
Overview Last Week: ● How to program UNIX processes (Chapters 7-9) ● fork() and exec() Unix System Programming This Week, and next week: ● UNIX inter-process communication mechanisms: signals, Signals » (next week) pipes and FIFOs. ● How to program with UNIX signals (Chapter 10) » http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_signal ● Non-local jumps (Chapter 7) ● Focus on the sigaction() function Maria Hybinette, UGA 1 Maria Hybinette, UGA 2 Outline What is a Signal? ● A signal is an asynchronous event which is ● What is a UNIX signal? delivered to a process (instantiated by a small message) ● Signal types ● Asynchronous means that the event can occur ● Generating signals at any time (e.g., posting at a bulletin board ) ● Responding to a signal » may be unrelated to the execution of the process ● Common uses of a signal – e.g., user types Ctrl-C, or the modem hangs (SIGINT) ● Implementing a read() time-out – e.g,, user types Ctrl-Z (SIGTSTP) ● Sent from kernel (e.g. detects divide by zero ● Non-local jumps setjmp()/longjmp() (SIGFPE) or could be at the request of another ● POSIX signals process to send to another) ● Interrupted system calls ● Only information that a signal carries is its ● System calls inside handlers unique ID and that it arrived Maria Hybinette, UGA 3 Maria Hybinette, UGA 4 Signal Types (31 in POSIX) Signal Sources terminal memory ID Name Description Default Action driver management shell command 2 SIGINT Interrupt from keyboard (^C) terminate Ctr-C SIGINT SIGHUP 3 SIGQUIT Quit from keyboard (^\) terminate & core SIGSEGV 9 SIGKILL -
POSIX Signals
CSE 410: Systems Programming POSIX Signals Ethan Blanton Department of Computer Science and Engineering University at Buffalo Introduction Signals Blocking Concurrency Sending Signals Summary References POSIX Signals POSIX signals are another form of interprocess communication. They are also a way to create concurrency in programs. For these two reasons, they are rather complicated and subtle! Signals provide a simple message passing mechanism. © 2018 Ethan Blanton / CSE 410: Systems Programming Introduction Signals Blocking Concurrency Sending Signals Summary References Signals as Messages POSIX signals are asynchronous messages. Asynchronous means that their reception can occur at any time.1 The message is the reception of the signal itself. Each signal has a number, which is a small integer. POSIX signals carry no other data. 1Almost. We’ll see how to control it later. © 2018 Ethan Blanton / CSE 410: Systems Programming Introduction Signals Blocking Concurrency Sending Signals Summary References Signal Types There are two basic types of POSIX signals: Reliable signals Real-time signals Real-time signals are much more complicated. In particular, they can carry data. We will discuss only reliable signals in this lecture. © 2018 Ethan Blanton / CSE 410: Systems Programming Introduction Signals Blocking Concurrency Sending Signals Summary References Asynchronous Reception From the point of view of the application: Signals can be blocked or ignored Enabled signals may be received between any two processor instructions A received signal can run a user-defined function called a signal handler This means that enabled signals and program code must very carefully manipulate shared or global data! © 2018 Ethan Blanton / CSE 410: Systems Programming Introduction Signals Blocking Concurrency Sending Signals Summary References Signals POSIX defines a number of signals by name and number. -
Interfacing Apache HTTP Server 2.4 with External Applications
Interfacing Apache HTTP Server 2.4 with External Applications Jeff Trawick Interfacing Apache HTTP Server 2.4 with External Applications Jeff Trawick November 6, 2012 Who am I? Interfacing Apache HTTP Server 2.4 with External Applications Met Unix (in the form of Xenix) in 1985 Jeff Trawick Joined IBM in 1990 to work on network software for mainframes Moved to a different organization in 2000 to work on Apache httpd Later spent about 4 years at Sun/Oracle Got tired of being tired of being an employee of too-huge corporation so formed my own too-small company Currently working part-time, coding on other projects, and taking classes Overview Interfacing Apache HTTP Server 2.4 with External Applications Jeff Trawick Huge problem space, so simplify Perspective: \General purpose" web servers, not minimal application containers which implement HTTP \Applications:" Code that runs dynamically on the server during request processing to process input and generate output Possible web server interactions Interfacing Apache HTTP Server 2.4 with External Applications Jeff Trawick Native code plugin modules (uhh, assuming server is native code) Non-native code + language interpreter inside server (Lua, Perl, etc.) Arbitrary processes on the other side of a standard wire protocol like HTTP (proxy), CGI, FastCGI, etc. (Java and \all of the above") or private protocol Some hybrid such as mod fcgid mod fcgid as example hybrid Interfacing Apache HTTP Server 2.4 with External Applications Jeff Trawick Supports applications which implement a standard wire protocol, no restriction on implementation mechanism Has extensive support for managing the application[+interpreter] processes so that the management of the application processes is well-integrated with the web server Contrast with mod proxy fcgi (pure FastCGI, no process management) or mod php (no processes/threads other than those of web server). -
Capsicum: Practical Capabilities for UNIX
Capsicum: practical capabilities for UNIX Robert N. M. Watson Jonathan Anderson Ben Laurie University of Cambridge University of Cambridge Google UK Ltd. Kris Kennaway Google UK Ltd. Abstract significant technical limitations: current OS facilities are simply not designed for this purpose. Capsicum is a lightweight operating system capabil- The access control systems in conventional (non- ity and sandbox framework planned for inclusion in capability-oriented) operating systems are Discretionary FreeBSD 9. Capsicum extends, rather than replaces, Access Control (DAC) and Mandatory Access Control UNIX APIs, providing new kernel primitives (sandboxed (MAC). DAC was designed to protect users from each capability mode and capabilities) and a userspace sand- other: the owner of an object (such as a file) can specify box API. These tools support compartmentalisation of permissions for it, which are checked by the OS when monolithic UNIX applications into logical applications, the object is accessed. MAC was designed to enforce an increasingly common goal supported poorly by dis- system policies: system administrators specify policies cretionary and mandatory access control. We demon- (e.g. “users cleared to Secret may not read Top Secret strate our approach by adapting core FreeBSD utilities documents”), which are checked via run-time hooks in- and Google’s Chromium web browser to use Capsicum serted into many places in the operating system’s kernel. primitives, and compare the complexity and robustness Neither of these systems was designed to address the of Capsicum with other sandboxing techniques. case of a single application processing many types of in- formation on behalf of one user. For instance, a mod- 1 Introduction ern web browser must parse HTML, scripting languages, images and video from many untrusted sources, but be- Capsicum is an API that brings capabilities to UNIX. -
XAMPP Web Development Stack
XAMPP Web Development Stack Overview @author R.L. Martinez, Ph.D. The steps below outline the processes for installing the XAMPP stack on a local machine. The XAMPP (pronounced Zamp) stack includes the following: Apache HTTP Server, MariaDB (essentially MySQL), Database Server, Perl, and the PHP Interpreter. The “X” in XAMPP is used to signify the cross-platform compatibility of the stack. The Apache HTTP Server and PHP are required to run phpMyAdmin which is a PHP application that is used for database administration tasks such as creating databases and tables, adding users, etc. Alternative to XAMPP If you have experience with MySQL Workbench, you may prefer to install MySQL Server and MySQL Workbench via the MySQL Installer. MySQL Workbench performs the same functions as phpMyAdmin. However, unlike phpMyAdmin which is a web-based application, MySQL Workbench is a locally installed application and therefore does not require an HTTP Server (e.g. Apache) to run. Installing XAMPP Many of the steps listed have several alternatives (such as changing MySQL passwords via a command line) and students are welcomed and encouraged to explore alternatives. 1. Download XAMPP from the URL below and place the installer (.exe) in the location where you want to install XAMPP. Placing the installer (.exe) in the same location as the intended installation is not required but preferred. http://www.apachefriends.org/download.html Page 1 of 17 XAMPP Web Development Stack 2. See the warning which recommends not installing to C:\Program Files (x86) which can be restricted by UAC (User Account Control). In the steps below XAMPP is installed to a USB flash drive for portability. -
Space Details
Space Details Key: MULE2USER Name: Mule 2.x User Guide Description: Mule Users Guide for the 2.x release line Creator (Creation Date): ross (Jan 30, 2008) Last Modifier (Mod. Date): tcarlson (Apr 15, 2008) Available Pages • Configuring a Mule Instance • Escape URI Credentials • Home • 3.x Features • Using JSON • Configuring Encoding • Hot Deploying Mule Applications • Deploying Mule as a Service to Tomcat • Starting Mule with the Configuration • About Mule Configuration • About Configuration Builders • Configuring Properties • Mule High Availability • Storing Objects in the Registry • About Transports • Available Transports • BPM Transport • CXF Transport • Building a CXF Web Service • CXF Transport Configuration Reference • Enabling WS-Addressing • Enabling WS-Security • Supported Web Service Standards • Using a Web Service Client as an Outbound Endpoint • Using a Web Service Client Directly • Using HTTP GET Requests • Using MTOM • EJB Transport • Email Transport • File Transport • FTP Transport • HTTPS Transport • HTTP Transport • IMAPS Transport Document generated by Confluence on Feb 07, 2010 23:59 Page 1 • IMAP Transport • JDBC Transport • JDBC Transport Configuration Reference • JDBC Transport Examples • JDBC Transport Performance Benchmark Results • Jetty Transport • Jetty SSL Transport • JMS Transport • Tibco EMS Integration • JBoss Jms Integration • Fiorano Integration • OpenJms Integration • SwiftMQ Integration • Sun JMS Grid Integration • SonicMQ Integration • SeeBeyond JMS Server Integration • Open MQ Integration • ActiveMQ -
Sandboxing with Capsicum
SECURITY Sandboxing with Capsicum PAWEL JAKUB DAWIDEK AND MARIUSZ ZABORSKI Pawel Jakub Dawidek is a ery few programmers have managed to successfully use the principle co-founder and CTO at Wheel of least privilege, as found in OpenSSH, Postfix, and djbdns. Capsi- Systems and a FreeBSD cum, introduced in 2010, adds a capability model designed to make it committer who lives and works V easier for programmers to reason about how to split a program into privileged in Warsaw, Poland. He is the and unprivileged portions. In this article, we describe the changes made in author of various GEOM classes, including the disk-encryption class GELI; he implemented Capsicum since 2010, compare Capsicum to earlier sandboxing techniques, the Highly Available Storage (HAST) daemon and look at the new Casperd, which makes it simpler to split programs. for distributing audit trail files (auditdistd), and Long ago, people started to recognize that security models proposed by the mainstream nowadays is mostly working on the Capsicum operating systems, including Windows, Mac OS X, and all kinds of UNIX-like systems, are framework and the Casper daemon. simply naive: All you need to do is to write programs that have no bugs. That’s indeed naive. [email protected] Let’s also state an obvious rule: The more code we write, the more bugs we introduce, some of which may jeopardize the security of our system. Once we accept this fact, where do we go? Mariusz Zaborski is currently We could only develop very small programs, which are easy to audit, but this again would be working as a software a bit naive. -
Opening Plenary State of the Feather
Opening Plenary Lars Eilebrecht V.P., Conference Planning at ASF and Lead for ApacheCon Europe 2009 State of the Feather Jim Jagielski Chairman, The Apache Software Foundation Welcome to Amsterdam Presented by The Apache Software Foundation Produced by Stone Circle Productions, Inc. Conference Program • Detailed conference program guide available as a PDF from the ApacheCon Web site – www.eu.apachecon.com • Printed Conference-at-a- Glance program available at registration desk Presentations • 4 Tracks every day starting at 9:00 • Presentation slides provided by speakers will be made available on the ApacheCon Web site during the conference Wednesday Special Events • 9:15-9:30: Jim Jagielski “State of the Feather” • 9:30-10:30: Raghu Ramakrishnan “Data Management in the Cloud” • 10:30-11:30: Arjé Cahn, Ajay Anand, Steve Loughran, and Mark Brewer “Panel: The Business of Open Source”, moderated by Sally Khudairi • 13:00-14:00: Lars Eilebrecht “Behind the Scenes of The ASF” Wednesday Special Events • 18:30-20:00: Welcome Reception and ASF 10th Anniversary Party – Celebrating a Decade of Open Source Leadership • 19:30: OpenPGP Key Signing – [email protected] – moderated by Jean-Frederic Clere Thursday Special Events • 13:00-14:00: Jim Jagielski “Sponsoring the ASF at the Corporate and Individual Level” • 17:30-18:30: James Governor “Open Sourcing The Analyst Business – Turning Prop. Knowledge Inside Out” • 18:30-20:00: “Lightning Talks”, mod. by Danese Cooper and Rich Bowen Friday Special Events • 11:30-13:00: Lars Eilebrecht, Dirk- Willem van Gulik, Jim Jagielski, Sally Khudairi, Cliff Skolnick, “Apache Pioneer's Panel – 10 years of the ASF”, mod.