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On the Incoherencies in Web Browser Access Control Policies
On the Incoherencies in Web Browser Access Control Policies Kapil Singh∗, Alexander Moshchuk†, Helen J. Wang† and Wenke Lee∗ ∗Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA Email: {ksingh, wenke}@cc.gatech.edu †Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA Email: {alexmos, helenw}@microsoft.com Abstract—Web browsers’ access control policies have evolved Inconsistent principal labeling. Today’s browsers do piecemeal in an ad-hoc fashion with the introduction of new not have the same principal definition for all browser re- browser features. This has resulted in numerous incoherencies. sources (which include the Document Object Model (DOM), In this paper, we analyze three major access control flaws in today’s browsers: (1) principal labeling is different for different network, cookies, other persistent state, and display). For resources, raising problems when resources interplay, (2) run- example, for the DOM (memory) resource, a principal is time changes to principal identities are handled inconsistently, labeled by the origin defined in the same origin policy and (3) browsers mismanage resources belonging to the user (SOP) in the form of <protocol, domain, port> [4]; but principal. We show that such mishandling of principals leads for the cookie resource, a principal is labeled by <domain, to many access control incoherencies, presenting hurdles for > web developers to construct secure web applications. path . Different principal definitions for two resources are A unique contribution of this paper is to identify the com- benign as long as the two resources do not interplay with patibility cost of removing these unsafe browser features. To do each other. However, when they do, incoherencies arise. For this, we have built WebAnalyzer, a crawler-based framework example, when cookies became accessible through DOM’s for measuring real-world usage of browser features, and used “document” object, DOM’s access control policy, namely the it to study the top 100,000 popular web sites ranked by Alexa. -
Dynamic Web Pages with the Embedded Web Server
Dynamic Web Pages With The Embedded Web Server The Digi-Geek’s AJAX Workbook (NET+OS, XML, & JavaScript) Version 1.0 5/4/2011 Page 1 Copyright Digi International, 2011 Table of Contents Chapter 1 - How to Use this Guide ............................................................................................................... 5 Prerequisites – If You Can Ping, You Can Use This Thing! ..................................................................... 5 Getting Help with TCP/IP and Wi-Fi Setup ............................................................................................ 5 The Study Guide or the Short Cut? ....................................................................................................... 5 C Code ................................................................................................................................................... 6 HTML Code ............................................................................................................................................ 6 XML File ................................................................................................................................................. 6 Provide us with Your Feedback ............................................................................................................. 6 Chapter 2 - The Server-Client Relationship ................................................................................................... 7 Example – An Analogy for a Normal HTML page ................................................................................. -
Effects and Opportunities of Native Code Extensions For
Effects and Opportunities of Native Code Extensions for Computationally Demanding Web Applications DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Dr. Phil. im Fach Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft eingereicht an der Philosophischen Fakultät I Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin von Dipl. Inform. Dennis Jarosch Präsident der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin: Prof. Dr. Jan-Hendrik Olbertz Dekan der Philosophischen Fakultät I: Prof. Michael Seadle, Ph.D. Gutachter: 1. Prof. Dr. Robert Funk 2. Prof. Michael Seadle, Ph.D. eingereicht am: 28.10.2011 Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 16.12.2011 Abstract The World Wide Web is amidst a transition from interactive websites to web applications. An increasing number of users perform their daily computing tasks entirely within the web browser — turning the Web into an important platform for application development. The Web as a platform, however, lacks the computational performance of native applications. This problem has motivated the inception of Microsoft Xax and Google Native Client (NaCl), two independent projects that fa- cilitate the development of native web applications. Native web applications allow the extension of conventional web applications with compiled native code, while maintaining operating system portability. This dissertation determines the bene- fits and drawbacks of native web applications. It also addresses the question how the performance of JavaScript web applications compares to that of native appli- cations and native web applications. Four application benchmarks are introduced that focus on different performance aspects: number crunching (serial and parallel), 3D graphics performance, and data processing. A performance analysis is under- taken in order to determine and compare the performance characteristics of native C applications, JavaScript web applications, and NaCl native web applications. -
Cross-Domain Embedding for Vaadin Applications
Cross-Domain Embedding for Vaadin Applications Janne Lautamäki and Tommi Mikkonen Department of Software Systems, Tampere University of Technology, Korkeakoulunkatu 1, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland {janne.lautamaki,tommi.mikkonen}@tut.fi Abstract. Although the design goals of the browser were originally not at running applications or at displaying a number of small widgets on a single web page, today many web pages considerably benefit from being able to host small embedded applications as components. While the web is full such applications, they cannot be easily reused because of the same origin policy restrictions that were introduced to protect web content from potentially malicious use. In this paper, we describe a generic design for cross domain embedding of web applications in a fashion that enables loading of applications from different domains as well as communication between the client and server. As the proof- of-concept implementation environment, we use web development framework Vaadin, a Google Web Toolkit based system that uses Java for application development. Keywords: Vaadin, JSONP, cross-domain applications. 1 Introduction Web applications – systems that resemble desktop applications in their behavior but are run inside the browser – are becoming increasingly common. The current trend is that web pages have dynamic components side by side with the traditional web content, such as static text and images. These dynamic components can be small widgets that for instance display current weather information or stock exchange data, or even full-fledged web applications that offer a service related to the theme of the web page where they are located [1]. Creating dynamic web pages is much more complex than building plain old web pages. -
AJAX and Jquery L Raw AJAX Handling in JS Is Very Tedious L Jquery Provides Flexible and Strong Support to Handle AJAX Interactions Through a Set of Jquery Functions
AJAX Asynchronous Design in Web Apps IT 4403 Advanced Web and Mobile Applications Jack G. Zheng Fall 2019 Topics l AJAX concepts and technical elements l AJAX implications and impacts l jQuery AJAX l Basic and shorthand methods l Error handling 2 AJAX l AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) is a group of interrelated web development techniques used on the client-side to create interactive web applications. l Despite the name, the use of XML is not actually required, nor do the requests need to be asynchronous. 3 First Impression l https://www.google.com Use Chrome’s developer tools to view network communications while typing the search terms. A set of requests have been made to get JSON data from the server as I type in the search term box. Observe the “q” parameter in all URLs. 4 AJAX Model Difference With Ajax, web applications can communicate with servers in the background without a complete page loading after every request/response cycle. http://www.adaptivepath.com /ideas/ajax-new-approach- web-applications/ 5 Traditional Model The client does not generate views/presentations (HTML/CSS). Synchronous communications feature sequential request/response cycles, one after another The server prepares the whole page. http://www.websiteoptimization.com/secrets/ajax/8-1-ajax-pattern.html 6 Ajax Model l With Ajax, web applications can communicate with servers in the background without a complete page loading after every request/response cycle. The client generates views/presentations and update content (partial page) by manipulating DOM. Asynchronous communications feature independent request/response cycles The server prepares partial pages (partial HTML) or just data (XML or JSON). -
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES Dymamic Web Page Creation
Language Learning & Technology January 1998, Volume 1, Number 2 http://llt.msu.edu/vol1num2/emerging/ pp. 9-15 (page numbers in PDF differ and should not be used for reference) EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES Dymamic Web Page Creation Robert Godwin-Jones Virginia Comonwealth University Contents: • Plug-ins and Applets • JavaScript • Dynamic HTML and Style Sheets • Instructional Uses • Resource List While remaining a powerful repository of information, the Web is being transformed into a medium for creating truly interactive learning environments, leading toward a convergence of Internet connectivity with the functionality of traditional multimedia authoring tools like HyperCard, Toolbook, and Authorware. Certainly it is not fully interactive yet, but that is undeniably the trend as manifested in the latest (version 4) Web browsers. "Dynamic HTML," incorporated into the new browsers, joins plug-ins, Web forms, Java applets, and JavaScript as options for Web interactivity. Plug-ins and Applets While Web pages are beginning to behave more like interactive applications, traditional authoring tools are themselves becoming Internet-savvy, primarily through the use of "plug-in" versions of players which integrate with Web browsers. The most commonly used plug-in today is Macromedia's "Shockwave," used to Web-enable such applications as Director, Authorware, and Flash. "Shocked" Web pages can be very interactive and provide a visually appealing means of interacting with users (as in some sample ESL exercises from Jim Duber). Plug-ins are easy to use -- they just need to be downloaded and installed. Some come bundled with Netscape and Microsoft's browsers, which simplifies considerably the installation process (and gives developers the confidence that most users will actually have the plug-in installed). -
Chapter 1 Web Basics and Overview
Chapter 1 Web Basics and Overview The Web is an Internet-based distributed information system. Anyone with a computer connected to the Internet can easily retrieve information by giving a Web address or by simply clicking a mouse button. The Web is a great way to disseminate information and making it available 24/7. Information can also be collected from Web users and customers through online forms. Maintainers and administrators can control and update Web content from anywhere on the Web. All these make the Web a powerful tool for mass communication, e-business and e-commerce. Compared with TV, radio, news papers, and magazines, putting the word out on the Web is relatively simple and inexpensive. But a website is much more than such one-way communication media. It can be a virtual o±ce or store that is always open and supported by workers from anywhere. Web service companies o®er free Web space and tools to generate simple personal or even business Web pages. But, well-designed and professionally implemented websites are much more involved. Even then, expertly produced websites are still much more cost-e®ective than other means of mass communication. For business and commerce, the cost of a website is negligible when compared to building and operating a brick-and-mortar o±ce or store. Once in-place, a website is a store that never closes and that is very attractive. People take great pains in building an o±ce or store to project the right image and to serve the needs 7 8 CHAPTER 1. -
Web Pages Are Stored on Web Server and Can Be Viewed Using a Web Browser
WWEEBB PPAAGGEESS http://www.tutorialspoint.com/internet_technologies/web_pages.htm Copyright © tutorialspoint.com Web Page web page is a document available on world wide web. Web Pages are stored on web server and can be viewed using a web browser. A web page can cotain huge information including text, graphics, audio, video and hyper links. These hyper links are the link to other web pages. Collection of linked web pages on a web server is known as website. There is unique Uniform Resource Locator URL is associated with each web page. Static Web page Static web pages are also known as flat or stationary web page. They are loaded on the client’s browser as exactly they are stored on the web server. Such web pages contain only static information. User can only read the information but can’t do any modification or interact with the information. Static web pages are created using only HTML. Static web pages are only used when the information is no more required to be modified. Dynamic Web page Dynamic web page shows different information at different point of time. It is possible to change a portaion of a web page without loading the entire web page. It has been made possible using Ajax technology. Server-side dynamic web page It is created by using server-side scripting. There are server-side scripting parameters that determine how to assemble a new web page which also include setting up of more client-side processing. Client-side dynamic web page It is processed using client side scripting such as JavaScript. -
How We Build Web Applications
Whitepaper How We Build Web Applications Whitepaper 1 BuildableWorks.com Table of Contents About Buildable ............................................................................................ 3 Web Application Architecture ................................................................. 4 Our Process .................................................................................................. 6 Application Architecture Guidelines ............................................... 8 Management ......................................................................................... 8 Anatomy of a Web App .............................................................................. 10 User Experience Design ...................................................................... 10 Application Build and Deployment .................................................... 14 Frontend Tools ...................................................................................... 15 Backend Tools ........................................................................................ 20 Authentication and Security ............................................................. 22 Whitepaper 2 BuildableWorks.com About Buildable Our nimble, versatile team of full-stack engineers, creatives, and developers come to work every day with the knowledge we’re making the stuff that will change our clients’ work lives for the better. It’s why we attract and keep some of the best technical talent in the industry, and it’s how we deliver the highest quality -
World-Wide Web Proxies
World-Wide Web Proxies Ari Luotonen, CERN Kevin Altis, Intel April 1994 Abstract 1.0 Introduction A WWW proxy server, proxy for short, provides access to The primary use of proxies is to allow access to the Web the Web for people on closed subnets who can only access from within a firewall (Fig. 1). A proxy is a special HTTP the Internet through a firewall machine. The hypertext [HTTP] server that typically runs on a firewall machine. server developed at CERN, cern_httpd, is capable of run- The proxy waits for a request from inside the firewall, for- ning as a proxy, providing seamless external access to wards the request to the remote server outside the firewall, HTTP, Gopher, WAIS and FTP. reads the response and then sends it back to the client. cern_httpd has had gateway features for a long time, but In the usual case, the same proxy is used by all the clients only this spring they were extended to support all the within a given subnet. This makes it possible for the proxy methods in the HTTP protocol used by WWW clients. Cli- to do efficient caching of documents that are requested by ents don’t lose any functionality by going through a proxy, a number of clients. except special processing they may have done for non- native Web protocols such as Gopher and FTP. The ability to cache documents also makes proxies attrac- tive to those not inside a firewall. Setting up a proxy server A brand new feature is caching performed by the proxy, is easy, and the most popular Web client programs already resulting in shorter response times after the first document have proxy support built in. -
Site Map - Apache HTTP Server 2.0
Site Map - Apache HTTP Server 2.0 Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0 Site Map ● Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0 Documentation ❍ Release Notes ■ Upgrading to 2.0 from 1.3 ■ New features with Apache 2.0 ❍ Using the Apache HTTP Server ■ Compiling and Installing Apache ■ Starting Apache ■ Stopping and Restarting the Server ■ Configuration Files ■ How Directory, Location and Files sections work ■ Server-Wide Configuration ■ Log Files ■ Mapping URLs to Filesystem Locations ■ Security Tips ■ Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) support ■ Content Negotiation ■ Custom error responses ■ Setting which addresses and ports Apache uses ■ Multi-Processing Modules (MPMs) ■ Environment Variables in Apache ■ Apache's Handler Use ■ Filters ■ suEXEC Support ■ Performance Hintes ■ URL Rewriting Guide ❍ Apache Virtual Host documentation ■ Name-based Virtual Hosts ■ IP-based Virtual Host Support ■ Dynamically configured mass virtual hosting ■ VirtualHost Examples ■ An In-Depth Discussion of Virtual Host Matching ■ File descriptor limitations ■ Issues Regarding DNS and Apache ❍ Apache Server Frequently Asked Questions http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/sitemap.html (1 of 4) [5/03/2002 9:53:06 PM] Site Map - Apache HTTP Server 2.0 ■ Support ❍ Apache SSL/TLS Encryption ■ SSL/TLS Encryption: An Introduction ■ SSL/TLS Encryption: Compatibility ■ SSL/TLS Encryption: How-To ■ SSL/TLS Encryption: FAQ ■ SSL/TLS Encryption: Glossary ❍ Guides, Tutorials, and HowTos ■ Authentication ■ Apache Tutorial: Dynamic Content with CGI ■ Apache Tutorial: Introduction to Server Side Includes ■ Apache -
How Web Browsers Work HTTP: “Definition: HTTP
How web browsers work http://www.webdevelopersnotes.com/basics/how_do_web_browser_work.php HTTP: HTTP 1.0 document from 1990 http://www.w3.org/Protocols/HTTP/1.0/spec.html “Definition: HTTP - the Hypertext Transfer Protocol - provides a standard for Web browsers and servers to communicate. The definition of HTTP is a technical specification of a network protocol that software must implement. HTTP is an application layer network protocol built on top of TCP. HTTP clients (such as Web browsers) and servers communicate via HTTP request and response messages. The three main HTTP message types are GET, POST, and HEAD. HTTP utilizes TCP port 80 by default, though other ports such as 8080 can alternatively be used……. “ http://compnetworking.about.com/od/networkprotocols/g/bldef_http.htm HTTPS The secure hypertext transfer protocol (HTTPS) is a communications protocol designed to transfer encrypted information between computers over the World Wide Web. HTTPS is http using a Secure Socket Layer (SSL). A secure socket layer is an encryption protocol invoked on a Web server that uses HTTPS. Most implementations of the HTTPS protocol involve online purchasing or the exchange of private information. Accessing a secure server often requires some sort of registration, login, or purchase. The successful use of the HTTPS protocol requires a secure server to handle the request. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa767735(v=vs.85).aspx HTML HyperText Markup Language is used for describing web documents (web pages) so that they can be correctly displayed. A markup language is a set of markup tags HTML documents are described by HTML tags Each HTML tag describes different document content http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_intro.asp Static Web Page A web page that uses only HTML does not change its appearance or its data and is therefore always a static webpage URI and URL In computing, a uniform resource identifier (URI) is a string of characters used to identify a name of a resource.