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Glossary of Water Terminology Fact Sheet No Glossary of Water Terminology Fact Sheet No. 4.717 Crop Series|Irrigation by R. Waskom and M. Neibauer* Water is basic to our lives and all of us Artesian well: A well in which water Quick Facts are affected by how it is used and managed. under natural pressure rises to the surface In Colorado, the complexity of our water without being pumped. • Water in Colorado is laws and our water management structure Augmentation plan: A court-approved administered under is often bewildering. It seems that water plan that allows a junior water user to divert the doctrine of prior managers in Colorado have their own special water out of priority so long as adequate appropriation or “first in language. This fact sheet offers non-technical replacement is made to affected stream time, first in right doctrine”. definitions of many of the commonly system preventing injury to the water rights used water terms to help citizens better of senior users. • The state constitution understand the principles that govern the use declares that “the right to of water in Colorado. divert the unappropriated B waters of any natural stream A Base flow: The amount of water to beneficial uses shall never in a stream that results from ground be denied.” Absolute water right: A water right, with water discharge. a specified priority date, that has been placed Basin: The area of land that drains to a • The concept of beneficial to a beneficial use. particular river. use has changed with Acre foot: The volume of water required Basin rank: The relative seniority of changing public values, but to cover one acre of land to a depth of one a water right as determined by its date of includes a notion of wise foot (43,560 cubic feet or 325,851 gallons). adjudication and the date of appropriation. use, without waste. Adjudication: The judicial process Beneficial use: The application of water through which the existence of a water right necessary to accomplish the purpose of the • Water rights in Colorado are is confirmed by court decree. appropriation, without waste. Some common adjudicated or recognized Adverse use: Using decreed water owned types of beneficial use are agriculture, through the court system. by another appropriator. municipal, wildlife, recreation, and mining. Alluvial groundwater: Ground water Best Management Practices that is hydrologically connected to a surface (BMPs): Practices that are technically stream that is present in permeable geologic and economically feasible and for which material, usually small rock and gravel. significant water conservation or water Appropriation Doctrine: The system quality benefits can be achieved. of water law primarily used in the western United States under which: 1. The right to water is acquired by diverting water and C applying to a beneficial use; and 2. A right California Doctrine: A legal doctrine to water use is superior to a right developed retaining aspects of both riparian rights and later in time. the principles of prior appropriation. Appropriator: The person or persons Call: The request by an appropriator for who put water to beneficial use. water which the person is entitled to under Aquifer: Underground deposits of sand, his decree; such a call will force those users gravel, or rock saturated with water. The with junior decrees to cease or diminish their two major types of aquifers are confined diversions and pass the requested amount and unconfined. of water to the downstream senior making © Colorado State University the call. Extension. 5/02. Revised 5/12. Change of water right: Any change in a www.ext.colostate.edu way a water right is used. Can be changed in type, place, time of use, point of diversion, * R. Waskom, director of the Colorado Water Institute; M. adding points of diversion, etc. Changes of Neibauer, former Extension masters student. 5/2012 water rights must be approved by the water the geographic boundaries of a designated diverted out of priority at one point by court to assure that no injury occurs to ground water basin. replacing it with a like amount of water at other water rights. Designated ground water basins: another point. Colorado Doctrine: The doctrine Those areas of the state established by the Exempt uses: Any recognized uses that regulating water usage by priority of Ground Water Commission located in the are not subject to administration under the appropriation as opposed to riparian rights. Front Range and Eastern Colorado. priority system. See appropriation doctrine. Developed water: Water that is Exempt well: A well allowed to be Compact: An agreement between states produced or brought into a water system pumped out of priority. apportioning the water of a river basin to through the efforts of people, where it each of the signatory states. would not have entered the water system on Compact call: The requirement that its own accord. F an upstream state cease or curtail water Diligence: Action taken towards the Federal reserved rights: An implied diversions from the river system that is the perfection of a conditional water right. water right that occurs when the federal subject of the compact so that downstream Direct flow right: Water diverted government withdraws its land from the states’ compact entitlements may be met. from a river or stream for use without public domain and reserves it for a federal Conditional water right: The legal interruption between diversion and use purpose, the government, by implication preservation of a priority date that provides except for incidental purposes, such as reserves appurtenant water then a water user time to develop his or her settling or filtration. unappropriated to the extent needed to water right, but reserves a more senior Diversion: Removal of water from its accomplish the purpose of the reservation. date. A conditional right becomes an natural course or location by canal, pipe, or Firm annual yield: The yearly amount absolute right when water is actually put to other conduit. of water that can be dependably supplied beneficial use. Division engineer: The state engineer’s from the raw water sources of a given water Conservancy district: A special taxing principal water official in each of the seven supply system. district, created by a vote of the district’s water divisions. Floodplain: A low area of land adjacent electors, that has authority to plan, develop, Drainage basin: All the land that serves to a stream or other water course which is and operate water supply and/or potable as a drainage for a specific stream or river. subject to flooding and holds the overflow water projects. Drought: An extended period with of water during a flood. Often delineated on Conservation district: A geographical below average precipitation. the basis of the 100 year storm event. area designated by the State Legislature for Fresh water: Low salt content water water management purposes with a board (less than 0.5 parts per thousand dissolved appointed by county commissioners. E salts). Consumptive use: 1. Any use of water Effluent: Water discharged after use. Futile call: A situation in which a junior that permanently removes water from the Effluent exchange: The practice of priority will be permitted to continue to natural stream system. 2. Water that has exchanging wastewater effluent for other divert in spite of demands by a senior been evaporated, transpired, incorporated water sources without causing injury to appropriator in the same watershed, into products, plant tissue, or animal tissue other water rights as a replacement source because to curtail the junior from diversion and is not available for immediate reuse. of water for diversion of water farther would not be effective to produce water for Cubic feet per second (cfs): A rate of upstream that would otherwise have been beneficial use for the senior. water flow at a given point, amounting to out of priority. Endangered Species Act: Federal a volume of one cubic foot for each second G of time. Equal to 7.48 gallons per second, law that governs how animal and plant 448.8 gallons per minute, or 1.984 acre feet species whose populations are dangerously Ground water: Ground water, as per day. in decline or close to extinction will be opposed to surface water, is water that does protected and recovered. not run off, and is not taken up by plants, Erosion: Natural process in which soil but soaks down into an aquifer; a supply of D and land surface is worn down or washed fresh water under the earth’s surface which Decree: An official document issued by away by the action of water, wind, ice, forms a natural reservoir. the court defining the priority, amount, use, or landslides. Ground Water Commission: A twelve and location of the water right. Eutrophication: The process of surface member body created by the legislature, Decreed water right: A court water nutrient enrichment causing a water nine of which are appointed by the decision placed on a water right that is body to fill with aquatic plants and algae. Governor to carry out and enforce the then administered by Colorado’s Water Evaporation: The process of changing state statutes, rules, regulations, decisions, Resources Department. a liquid to a gas (vapor); for example, when orders, and policies of the Commission Depletion: The loss of water from water turns into steam or water vapor. dealing with designated ground water. surface water reservoirs or groundwater Evapotranspiration (ET): Process by Ground water management district: aquifers at a rate greater than that which water is evaporated from soil surface Any district organized for the purpose of recharge. and water is transpired by plants growing of consulting with the ground water Designated ground water: Ground on that surface. commission on all designated ground water water which, in its natural course, is not Exchange: A process by which matters within a particular district.
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