DECEMBER 2019 Paying Attention Are We Too Distracted to Practice Law?
OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN DECEMBER 2019 VOLUME 80 • NUMBER 3
Being a lawyer requires the ability to focus on critical facts and arguments, but that can be hard to do when technological advances make it easy to get distracted from the task at hand. On Page 18, Jennie Bricker explores the importance of paying attention in a world where multitasking is rewarded (if not expected). iStock.com/KrisCole
FEATURES 18 Paying Attention Are We Too Distracted to Practice Law? By Jennie Bricker 24 Lawyers for Literacy Oregon Law Firms Pitch in to Boost Student Achievement By Cliff Collins
COLUMNS 36 Legal Practice Tips 5 From the Editor Going Beyond Death Building Bridges and Taxes: Modern By Gary M. Stein Estate Planning Requires a Broader View 9 Bar Counsel Lawyer Transitions: A Pop By Brian T. Bradley Quiz: How Would You 40 President’s Message Handle These Ethics Moving the Bar: In a Dilemmas? Busy Year, Diversity By Amber Hollister and Access to Justice Were Top Priorities 13 The Legal Writer Writing in a Digital World: By Christine R. Costantino Tips for Easing the Transi- 70 Parting Thoughts tion from Paper Documents Closing the Gap By Elizabeth Ruiz Frost By Carol Bernick 30 Profiles in the Law There and Back Again: Lessons from London Inform Josh Newton’s Legal Work at Home The Oregon State Bar Bulletin (ISSN 0030-4816) By Janay Haas is the official publication of the Oregon State Bar. The Bulletin is published 10 times a year (monthly except bimonthly in February/March and August/ September) by the Oregon State Bar, 16037 S.W. DEPARTMENTS Upper Boones Ferry Road, Tigard, OR 97224. The Bulletin is mailed to all members of the Oregon State 7 Briefs 52 Bar People Bar, a portion of the dues for which is allocated 34 Happenings Among Ourselves for the purpose of a subscription. The Bulletin is Moves also available by subscription to others for $50 per Celebrate Pro Bono! year, $90 per two years, within the United States. In Memoriam Individual copies are $5; back issues are $5 each, 43 OSB Education & Research Lawyer Announcements when available. Periodicals postage paid at Portland, Oregon 97208. POSTMASTER: Send address 44 Bar News 62 Classifieds changes to Oregon State Bar, P.O. Box 231935, 48 Bar Actions Tigard, OR 97281-1935. 67 Attorneys’ Marketplace
FROM THE EDITOR
Building Bridges By Gary M. Stein
Trust in Beaverton recently for an event called “Building Bridges of Understanding in Our Communities: Confronting Hate.” “We want people to know they ab- solutely have a voice. We want them to know hate crimes will not be tolerated,” says Multnomah County District Attor- ney Rod Underhill, who attended the day-long conference with First Assistant DA Jeff Howes and other members of his staff. He describes the conversations he heard as “frank, raw and meaningful.” “We want people to know they can feel safe,” he says, “and that they will be treated with respect, privacy and dignity.” Underhill was one of dozens of criminal justice officials who attended “Building Bridges.” U.S. Attorney Billy U.S. Attorney Billy Williams delivers his opening remarks at this year’s “Building Bridges of Under- Williams and Assistant U.S. Attorney standing in Our Communities” conference. Williams and members of his staff have been involved Suzanne Hayden were there, as were Or- with the event since its inception four years ago. Photo by Gary M. Stein egon Attorney General Ellen Rosenblum and Fay Stetz-Waters, the Oregon DOJ’s etween 2016 and 2017, the number often cited. A lack of civil rights director; Clackamas County of hate crimes in Oregon increased training plays a role, District Attorney John Foote, Washing- Bby 41 percent. That’s a staggering too: Despite the ac- ton County DA Kevin Barton and key statistic, to be sure. But here’s what’s truly knowledged increase members of their staffs; and many others. frightening: Only one in every 15 hate- in incidents nation- For most, the day was just the latest related incidents is reported to law en- wide, 87 percent of evidence of a long-held commitment to forcement officials nationwide, according the participants in the improving the relationships they have to the FBI. with members of their communities. Gary M. Stein FBI’s Uniform Crime One in 15. Which means the numbers Reporting program “We initially came together for a dia- don’t even come close to representing listed no bias crimes in 2017, according to logue following a news story about a pros- the hurt and fear experienced every day Special Agent Caryn Ackerman. ecutor who made an inflammatory post on by people of color, the LGBTQ+ commu- But the biggest reason for the under- a personal Facebook page during the last nity, religious and ethnic minorities and reporting of hate crimes, experts say, is presidential campaign,” says Barton, who other underrepresented populations. simply a lack of trust among people who has continued to make the issue a priority Why the disparity? Surveys point to feel their voices won’t be heard. And that’s since his election in 2018. “Those initial a lack of awareness about the statutory why more than 350 community members, conversations led to further discussions protections that exist. A fear of becom- city officials, faith leaders, law enforcement about the polarizing political rhetoric at ing the center of attention in an incident representatives and criminal justice offi- the national level and our shared concern likely to generate media coverage is also cials gathered at the Muslim Educational for our local community.”
HOW TO REACH US: Call (800) 452-8260, or in the Portland area call (503) 620-0222. Email addresses and voicemail extension numbers for Bulletin staff are: Gary M. Stein, editor, [email protected] (ext. 391); Mike Austin, associate editor, [email protected] (ext. 340); Kay Pulju, communications director, kpulju@ osbar.org (ext. 402); and Spencer Glantz, classified ads and lawyer announcement ad rates and details, [email protected] (ext. 356), fax: (503) 684-1366. Display advertising: Contact LLM Publications at (503) 445-2240, [email protected].
DECEMBER 2019 • OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN 5 Williams, Hayden, Underhill, Barton Barton agrees. and Foote have been involved from the “As the district attorney, I believe a beginning, working with Muslim Educa- critical aspect of being safe is feeling safe. tional Trust, Vision Action Network and Even though we in Washington County other groups since 2015 to create and are fortunate to live in one of the safest nurture the “Building Bridges” concept communities in Oregon, not all of our — not only by being part of the planning community members actually feel safe. I and programming but, in many cases, by believe we all have a shared responsibil- providing financial resources. ity to do whatever is within our power to “For me, these events are so important address that issue,” he says. “On a person- because they reflect the coming together al level, this community is my home. It of public safety and community leaders to is where I was raised and where my wife discuss the difficult subjects of race, ideas and I are raising our children. I care very of justice and trust,” says Hayden. “The deeply about ensuring everyone in our relationships I have built and the trust- community not only is safe, but also feels building process has been one of the most that way.” impactful things I have experienced in my Making that happen, Underhill says, 27 years in law enforcement, and seeing requires building relationships and nur- the ripple effects is profound.” turing trust between the justice system Among those ripple effects is a doubling and the communities it serves. down on efforts to more accurately reflect “A crime rooted in hate can have a the level of bias crimes in the community devastating impact on a victim, that per- and increase the informed participation of son’s family and friends, their community community members. Both the Coalition and the community at large,” he says. “I’m Against Hate Crimes and Portland United very proud of the unwavering commit- Against Hate have developed new tools for ment my office has to supporting all crime reporting hate crimes. Under Rosenblum’s victims, especially victims of hate crimes. direction, a state Hate Crimes Task Force We want them to know they absolutely developed the foundation for legislation have a voice.” n approved by lawmakers earlier this year; among other things, it provides resources To see a video of the 2019 “Building to improve data collection, increase train- Bridges” event, go to tinyurl.com/ ing for law enforcement and focus atten- 2019BuildingBridges. Reach Editor tion on survivor needs. A statewide hot- Gary M. Stein at (503) 431-6391 or line designed to make it easier for people to [email protected]. report hate crimes will launch in January. “The Bias Crime and Incident Hot- line will fill a crucial need that has been Our Editorial Policy lacking: a focus on the victims of bias-re- lated crime and non-criminal behaviors,” All articles published in the Bulletin says Stetz-Waters, whose Civil Rights Di- must be germane to the law, lawyers, vision will play a major role in the imple- the practice of law, the courts and mentation of the new law. “Oregonians judicial system, legal education or will be able to report this anti-social and the Oregon State Bar. All opin- offensive behavior, and we as a state will ions, statements and conclusions finally be able to obtain data about how expressed in submitted articles extensive the problem is and learn more appearing in the Bulletin are those of about the roots of this problem.” the author(s) and not of the editor, other editorial staff, employees of Like Rosenblum and Stetz-Waters, the Oregon State Bar or members many of the representatives of the justice of the Board of Governors. Any system in attendance say “Building Bridg- content attributed to the Oregon es” reflects both their professional respon- State Bar or the Board of Governors sibility and their personal values. “It is is labeled with an OSB logo at the always helpful for us to further understand top of the page or within advertising how other people that we serve might see to indicate its source or attribution. or view us,” says Foote. “It is also a great opportunity to learn and grow.”
6 OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN • DECEMBER 2019 BRIEFS
The OJRC will work in collaboration with the Oregon Department of Correc- By the Numbers tions and the Oregon Criminal Justice Commission to collect data to inform the legal services and potential reforms. The Providing Access to Justice center also plans to expand the statewide Only 20 percent of U.S. lawyers met network of support for women transition- the American Bar Association’s 50-hour ing out of prison by teaming up with part- aspirational goal for pro bono work ner organizations located around Oregon. in 2018, according to an ABA survey “Research shows when people make a called “Supporting Justice” that put the success of their return to the community average number of annual pro bono after incarceration, we all benefit through hours worked per attorney at 36.9. lower crime rates, increased economic ac- Forty-eight percent of lawyers reported tivity and healthier and happier families,” doing no pro bono work at all, but for those who did, here’s a sample of who says attorney Julia Yoshimoto, the proj- they helped: ect’s director. “Helping women at Cof- fee Creek identify and address issues that could be barriers to successful re-entry iStock.com/TarikVision 30.4% will position them to prepare for life af- Ethnic minority ter prison in a way that will surely benefit Civil Legal Services Clinic them and their families.” 25.6% to Open at Coffee Creek Single parent A new civil legal services clinic OWLS Queen’s Bench planned for the Coffee Creek Correc- Luncheon Set for Dec. 10 25.5% tional Facility in Wilsonville will be one Oregon Women Lawyers Queen’s Person experiencing disability of the first in the nation to operate inside Bench will host its annual holiday lun- prison walls with dedicated attorneys, ac- cheon honoring Oregon’s women judges 23.8% cording to officials with the Oregon Jus- from 11:30 a.m.-1 p.m. on Tuesday, Dec. Elderly person tice Resource Center. 10, at the Sentinel Hotel (614 S.W. 11th The clinic, which is expected to Ave.) in downtown Portland. 22.5% open in early 2020, will be known as This year’s event will feature Hon. Non- or limited-English speaker “Re*Membering” to represent the pro- Cheryl A. Albrecht presenting the pro- cess of “re-membering” people isolated gram “Hope and Justice.” Tickets ($45) 16.5% by incarceration by bringing them back are available online at owlsqueensbench. Student to being fully participating and accepted org/holiday-luncheon.html. members of their communities, the OJRC 15% says. The organization’s Women’s Justice Nominations Sought for 2020 Victim of domestic violence Project received funding through House OHBA Professionalism Award Bill 2631, passed by legislators this sum- The Oregon Hispanic Bar Associa- 14.8% mer, for a two-year pilot program. tion is seeking nominations for the 2020 Child Three attorneys will staff the pro- Paul J. De Muniz Professionalism Award, gram to provide limited representation which will be presented at OHBA’s annu- 13.8% for women needing assistance with a wide al dinner on Friday, Feb. 21, at the Port- Veteran range of legal issues, including family, land Art Museum (1219 S.W. Park Ave). debt, housing and employment. A screen- OHBA seeks to recognize individu- Note: At an awards ceremony in late Oc- ing process will take a comprehensive als committed to the advancement of tober, the OSB celebrated the more than look at major areas of clients’ lives in an Hispanic and Latinx attorneys in Oregon 46,000 hours of pro bono work reported by lawyers this year in direct representa- effort to pick up on issues where help may and the promotion of issues pertinent to tion of low-income Oregonians. For more Hispanic, Latinx and minority commu- be needed. The focus will be on preparing on the event, see Page 34. women for their return to the community nities through advocacy, education and after serving their sentences. communication. The recipient must be a
DECEMBER 2019 • OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN 7 Quotable “Legal aid lawyers as a group are the lowest paid lawyers December 2019 in the profession. But they are doing God’s work. These Editor Gary M. Stein are people who serve the most fundamental legal needs of Associate Editor Michael Austin people who cannot afford a lawyer. I think they’re heroes, Publisher Anna Zanolli and I think they’re underappreciated.” Art Director Sunny Chao
— Legal Services Corporation President James J. Sandman, responding OSB President to LSC’s “By the Numbers” report, released in September, that shows Christine R. Costantino, Portland salaries for legal aid attorneys lag far behind those paid to attorneys in OSB President-Elect private practice. Liani JH Reeves, Portland
Source: “All Work and Low Pay: Wage Gap Persists for Legal Aid OSB Immediate Past President Attys,” Law360 (Sept. 29, 2019) Vanessa A. Nordyke, Salem Board of Governors Colin Andries, Portland John R. Bachofner, Vancouver, Wash. member in good standing of the Oregon tions of new puzzles, Play-Doh and Cray- Whitney P. Boise, Portland State Bar; for more information, go to ola paint pens, as well as new or very Jenny Cooke, Portland tinyurl.com/OHBA2020Dinner. gently used books, plush toys and stuffed Katherine Denning, Salem Nominations, which are due Dec. 10, can bears. CourtCare improves access to jus- Eric R. Foster, Medford be submitted via email to [email protected]. tice by making free, drop-in childcare Kamron Graham, Portland available for families who have business at John E. Grant III, Portland CourtCare Program Needs the court; it serves children ages 6 weeks Robert J. Gratchner, Wilsonville Toys, Books for Children to 10 years. Bik-Na Han, Hillsboro Joseph Hesbrook, Bend The Multnomah Bar Foundation’s To donate, contact Jennifer Edwards Eddie D. Medina, Beaverton CourtCare program is asking for dona- at [email protected]. n Julia C. Rice, Salem Kyra Kay Rohner, Baker City Michael Rondeau, Roseburg Traci Rossi, Portland David Wade, Eugene
Editorial Advisory Committee Craig A. Crispin, Portland Pete Meyers, Portland Christine Moses, Lake Oswego Judith A. Parker, Portland Julia C. Rice, Salem Elizabeth A. Rosso, Lake Oswego Carol DeHaven Skerjanec, Vale Teresa A. Statler, Portland Sara L. Urch, Salem
Chief Executive Officer Helen Hierschbiel
Communications Director M. Kay Pulju
Copyright © 2019 the Oregon State Bar. All rights reserved. Requests to reprint materials must be in writing.
8 OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN • DECEMBER 2019 BAR COUNSEL
How Would You Handle These Ethics Dilemmas?
Lawyer Transitions: A Pop Quiz By Amber Hollister
1. At a recent firm partnership meet- c. No, as long as he is not ne- ing, Tobin announced she was leaving gotiating against a sportswear Roses Law Firm to create her own firm, company client of his former Re-Law, with her friend Megan. Tobin firm on the same or substan- explained that she has a new website ready tially similar matter, about to go and wants to open the new firm as whom he learned material in- soon as possible. She asked her partners to formation protected by RPC work with her to send out a joint letter to 1.6 or 1.9(c). clients, asking them if they wanted her or d. No, assuming he is not negoti- the firm to continue their representation. ating against a former client or What should the remaining partners do? former firm client as described a. Explain to Tobin that she is in answers B or C, or he has free to go, but that all her cur- obtained informed consent rent clients are clients of Roses confirmed in writing. Law Firm and cannot go with her. 3. On her first day at her new firm, b. Tell Tobin the Oregon Rules Christine is quizzed by the firm’s in-house of Professional Conduct pre- counsel about potential conflicts of inter- est. She explains she worked as a law clerk iStock.com/teguhjatipras vent her from contacting any Roses Law Firm clients after during law school and she remembers signing a nondisclosure agreement. Does t the end of the year, many law- she leaves. Christine need to worry about having cli- yers are looking forward to new c. Discuss sending a letter that ent conflicts at the new firm based on her Aopportunities and a fresh start notes Tobin’s move and pro- work as a law clerk? in the year ahead. But whether you are a vides clients with options for new lawyer planning to hang out your first their representation going for- a. No, because non-lawyers can- shingle, an experienced lawyer changing ward. not have conflicts. firms or a lawyer contemplating retire- d. Pack up all of Tobin’s client b. Yes, but only to the extent ment in 2020, ethics issues are bound to files and send them to Re-Law. that there is a significant risk arise. her obligations to her prior 2. Diego2 LLP recently hired a prom- This year’s Bar Counsel Pop Quiz employer materially limit her ising new associate, Tomás, to represent ability to represent clients. focuses on ethics quandaries raised by Oregon athletes in sponsorship nego- c. Yes, but only for clients who lawyers opening new firms, changing law tiations. Tomás previously worked at an were adverse to clients repre- firms and leaving the practice — and the Argentinian law firm representing sports- sented by her prior firm. issues those changes often involve, such wear companies on sponsorship deals with as announcing the move, setting up con- some of the same athletes. Will Tomás d. No, because her conflicts will flicts systems, managing client files, sell- have a conflict representing athletes at not be imputed to the new ing a law practice and related recent eth- Diego2 LLP? firm. ics developments. a. Yes. 4. After a long and storied career in So pull out your pen, dust off your b. No, as long as he is not nego- criminal defense, Brian has announced his Rules of Professional Conduct (RPC) and tiating against a former client plans to retire from his firm, Axe Group answer the questions below. Then turn to on a deal that is the same or LLP. He is in the process of packing his the answer key for the correct answers and substantially related to one he office and has decided to convert every- a discussion of the issues. worked on at his prior firm. thing to e-files so Axe Group LLP doesn’t
DECEMBER 2019 • OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN 9 have to pay to store boxes. Can he do so? What about the soccer memorabilia that was given to him by a former client as a potential trial exhibit? a. Yes, but only if Axe Group LLP retains all original client property (or returns it to cli- ents) prior to destroying the paper files. b. Yes, but only if he makes sure that the vendor he uses takes reasonable steps to ensure cli- ent confidentiality. c. Yes, but only if he continues to safeguard client property. d. All of the above.
5. A decade into their careers, attor- neys Lindsey, Haley and Midge decide to leave their current firms and open their own boutique litigation firm, Strikers LLP. A number of clients decide to follow them to Strikers, and they are uncertain how to bill clients going forward. a. They may only charge clients based on existing fee agree- ments. b. To cover their new overhead expenses, they should send a letter informing clients that their rates are doubling. c. They can increase rates going forward, but only if the new rates are fair and reasonable and fully disclosed in writing, and clients provide informed consent as required by the Rules of Professional Conduct. d. None of the above.
6. Zarek represents shoe designers in his successful IP practice, but has decided to sell his firm and retire. His friend Jer- emy wants to complete the sale and take over as quickly as possible. What steps should Zarek take to make his retirement dreams come true? a. Realize it is not permissible to sell law practices, but Zarek still has a duty to help all of his clients find new counsel. b. He can sell his practice as long as he provides advance notice to all of his clients about the sale and does not make any com- plimentary statements about Jeremy in the notice.
10 OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN • DECEMBER 2019 c. Pack up his office, plan a big trip and enjoy retirement; Jer- emy’s got it all handled. d. He can sell his practice as long as he provides advance notice to all of his clients about the sale, in the manner required by the Rules of Professional Conduct, and gives clients a chance to find other counsel if they wish.
Answer Key: 1. Answer C. Clients do not “be- long” to any lawyer or firm. Lawyers and their firms have a duty to communicate with a departing lawyer’s current clients about the lawyer’s departure, and provide those clients with a choice about who will continue the representation. RPC 1.4(b). Often the smoothest approach is for a departing lawyer and firm to send a joint letter to clients outlining the timing and nature of the anticipated move, and asking the client for direction on continu- ing representation. OSB Formal Op No. 2005-70. Until the client makes a choice, the former firm has a duty to preserve cli- ent files and other client property. RPC 1.15-1(a) and (d). Both the former firm and the departing lawyer share a fiduciary duty to the client, and should strive to protect client interests during the transi- tion. See ABA Formal Ethics Op No. 99- 141 (1999). The Rules of Professional Conduct do not prohibit a departing lawyer from speaking with firm clients after the depar- ture in writing or in person. RPC 7.3. In fact, Tobin may have a duty to communi- cate with her prior clients (or their new counsel) to protect her clients’ interests after departure. RPC 1.16(d).
2. Answer D. A lawyer has a conflict when seeking to represent a new client whose interests are directly adverse to a former client on the same or substantially related matter. RPC 1.9(a). Matters are substantially related if (1) the lawyer’s representation of the current client will injure or damage the former client in con- nection with the same transaction or le- gal dispute in which the lawyer previously represented the former client; or (2) there is a substantial risk that confidential fac- tual information as would normally have been obtained in the prior representation
DECEMBER 2019 • OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN 11 of the former client would materially ad- keep the client’s information secure. OSB vance the current client’s position in the Formal Ethics Op No. 2011-188. subsequent matter. A conflict of interest may also arise, 5. Answer C. Any attempt to raise fees midstream in a representation should under RPC 1.9(b), if a prospective client’s be approached with caution. Even when interests are materially adverse to those of opening a new firm, a lawyer may not the lawyer’s former firm’s client, the new charge or attempt to collect on more case involves the same or substantially than an agreed-upon fee, nor may lawyers related matter as the matter handled by unilaterally increase their fees. Instead, a the former firm, and the newly associated lawyer who wishes to amend a fee agree- lawyer has confidential information about ment must establish the objective fairness the former firm’s client or case. RPC of the amendment, explain the change to 1.9(b); see OSB Formal Op No. 2005- the client and obtain informed consent. 128. If there is no adversity, the matters OSB Formal Ethics Op No. 2005-97. are not the same or substantially related, Because such amendments are generally or the lawyer has no confidential informa- viewed with suspicion, General Counsel tion about the former firm’s client, RPC recommends that any amendment to a fee 1.9(b) will not prevent the new represen- agreement be made in a manner consis- tation. OSB Formal Op No. 2005-120. tent with the rules on business transac- Lawyers transitioning from private prac- tions with clients, RPC 1.8(a). tice to work as a government employee or public official, or vice versa, are bound by 6. Answer D. Lawyers are allowed to a different set of conflict rules. RPC 1.11; sell their practices, including goodwill, OSB Formal Op No. 2005-120. but must take certain steps to do so to pro- tect clients’ interests. RPC 1.17 outlines 3. Answer B. While non-lawyers do the type and manner of notice that sell- not represent clients and do not have ing lawyers must give to clients at least 45 client conflicts, obligations assumed as days in advance of a sale. Because clients a non-lawyer can follow a new lawyer are not obligated to stay with the firm, into practice. OSB Formal Ethics Op lawyers should be prepared to take reason- 2005-44. A current client conflict of in- able steps to protect their client’s inter- terest exists if there is a “significant risk ests (e.g., by returning unearned fees and that the representation of one or more providing the file) should they choose to clients will be materially limited by the take business elsewhere. RPC 1.16(d). In lawyer’s responsibilities to . . . a third the notice, Zarek may include his opinion person or by a personal interest of the about Jeremy’s suitability or competence lawyer.” RPC 1.7(a)(2). To the extent to represent the client. RPC 1.17(c). This Christine has ongoing obligations to her is a specific exception to the general pro- former employer based on the nondisclo- hibition of lawyers giving something of sure agreement or otherwise, she should value to a person for recommending the be aware those obligations can give rise lawyer’s services. RPC 7.2(b)(3). n to conflicts at her new firm. Amber Hollister is general counsel for the 4. Answer D. Brian must be careful Oregon State Bar. Reach her at ahollister@ not to destroy client personal property, osbar.org. such as the soccer memorabilia, or docu- ments that have intrinsic significance, such as securities, negotiable instruments, deeds or wills. OSB Formal Ethics Op. No. 2016-191. Any lawyer converting paper to digital files will have to review files and segregate client property and originals to ensure that client property is safeguarded. RPC 1.15-1(a). Brian must take reasonable steps to ensure any ven- dor who helps assist with the conversion, acts in a manner consistent with his du- ties of competence and confidentiality to
12 OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN • DECEMBER 2019 THE LEGAL WRITER
Tips for Easing the Transition from Paper Documents
Writing in a Digital World By Elizabeth Ruiz Frost
electronic documents as readable as pos- the end, we expect loose ends to be tied sible? And as readers, what can we do to up. We may also be more willing to slog aid our reading on screens? through challenging text if we know a chapter break is coming, or if the end of E-Reading versus Text Reading the document is near. When reading screens, we perceive We can manage our expectations and process information differently than less well and might feel more frustrated we do with paper documents. Though without the physical signals a printed researchers have gone back and forth document provides. You might have ex- about screen reading, the current consen- perienced this yourself if you have inad- sus seems to be that readers of electronic vertently delved into a long article on- documents read more slowly and less ac- line. After a few minutes of reading, you curately than those reading paper texts. may have felt impatient as the article One reason for the difference is that seemed to keep going and going, and then reading on a screen exhausts readers more surprised and perhaps even annoyed when quickly than reading paper text, physical- you scrolled ahead and discovered the ar- ly and mentally.1 Screen reading requires ticle’s length. more from our eyes, which tires our eye Improving Electronic Documents
Bulletin File Photo muscles faster. It also taxes our cognitive Elizabeth Ruiz Frost resources, including perception, differ- Adapting the look of documents for ently than paper. the screen can improve readers’ compre- hension and comfort. This can be done in When perception requires more of us, e have been promised a paper- several ways: writing less, increasing white fewer resources can be allocated to cogni- less society for decades now. As space and providing navigational tools. WI look at the piles of papers lit- tion. That means we may understand less. tering my desk, I’m quite sure we haven’t Further, reading on a computer requires The Shorter, the Better reached it. But certainly an increasing us to perform two functions simultane- One way to address the cognition defi- amount of legal work is done on screens. ously: reading and operating an electron- cit is to write less. I don’t suggest that you Most courts today require e-filing of ic device. That additional load may lead submit less-than-thorough briefs to the documents. More and more judges read to deterioration in our capacity for deep court or draft incomplete contracts. But pleadings on screens. Our clients and col- thinking. Whether due to eye exhaustion most writing can be pared down one way leagues often hear from us by email in- or a reallocation of cognitive resources, or another. If a three-paragraph analysis stead of printed letter. And many lawyers readers of electronic documents show can be expressed cogently and thoroughly find themselves conducting diligence by lower levels of comprehension than pa- in two, all the better for the exhausted sorting through piles of PDFs instead of per readers. screen reader. piles of paper. Instead of flipping the pag- Screen readers may also experience In keeping with the theme of “shorter es of the documents we write, our readers more frustration, as they have greater dif- is better,” try to write shorter paragraphs. scroll through them. ficulty orienting themselves in an elec- As you read above, screen readers cannot These changes in how readers view tronic document. Without a tangible orient themselves as easily in an electronic documents means that as writers, we need product in front of them, they might lack document. Frequent paragraph breaks will to rethink document design. Our docu- a clear sense of the document’s length or give your reader additional opportunities ments need to be just as clear and read- where they are in it — factors that read- to refocus. And including more paragraphs able for e-readers as they would be on pa- ers use subconsciously to set expectations. means more topic sentences. A good topic per. How does reading on a screen affect For example, we expect background in sentence carries an implicit exclamation our readers, and what can we do to make the early part of a document; as we near point with it — look at the interesting
DECEMBER 2019 • OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN 13 point this paragraph will make! — so a document with more short paragraphs and more topic sentences will help your reader stay oriented in your analysis. As an added bonus, paragraph breaks give your reader an opportunity to rest, even if for a millisecond, which could help exhausted eyes. White Space Shorter paragraphs help a reader in part because of the white space they cre- ate. White space means the area on a document that has no print — the mar- gins, the spaces between paragraphs, the extra space before and after headings. The magazine that you’re currently reading uses columns to create vertical bands of white space on the page. To test whether white space matters to you, take a document and fill a page with text. Single-space the text, delete all paragraph breaks until you have one long block, minimize all four margins to a quar- ter-inch, and justify the text on the left and right. How do you react to that docu- ment? To most readers, it looks daunting. Maddening, for some. Readers rely on a document’s white space for readability because it provides a cue to the reader to take a break: a short breath, a long blink, a moment to reflect on what she’s just read. That’s particu- larly important when a reader is taking in new or complex information, which so many legal readers are doing. Those mil- lisecond breaks can help with compre- hension and exhaustion. To aid your reader, ensure that your electronic document has sufficient white space. First, surround headings with an extra space above and below, to separate them from text. Then check for para- graph breaks. A single-spaced document should aim to keep paragraphs under about 10 lines. An extra line between paragraphs can also give your reader the opportunity to pause. In a double- spaced document, look for opportunities to break up a paragraph that nears half a page. If you are unconstrained by format re- quirements, widening a margin can also help. One-inch margins are fairly typical; margins under an inch can choke out the white space. And, though I know the de- bate rages fiercely over one space or two
14 OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN • DECEMBER 2019 after periods, even a second space separat- ing sentences can make some difference in a document’s appearance. Navigation Providing navigation tools for your reader can help them stay focused and engaged. Headings are important for a reader in any document, but they take on special importance in an electronic document. Again, because readers struggle with ori- entation in electronic documents, includ- ing frequent headings helps them keep their bearings. Differentiating the typeface among headings can also be helpful, as it would be in print. A reader can better track how parts of a document relate with those type- face clues, i.e., main points all have bold headings, subpoints all have italicized headings. The clarity of your argument should always come first, but when an ar- gument and subarguments can be divided up with headings without sacrificing clar- ity, consider using them. For a reader who uses the navigation pane while reading on a screen (more on that below), headings are key. Remember that readers can feel frus- trated when they can’t gauge the length of a document or where they are in it. Page numbers will help. Better yet: Consider an “X of Y” page format. The “how to” for that customization varies from program to program. In my version of Word, I simply insert a standard page number and then edit the page number in the footer by typ- ing in “of Y.” That change affects all pages in the section. Visual Aids E-reading presents challenges, but also new opportunities. Writers who write for screen readers might feel more at liberty to include visual aids in their electronic documents, and the visuals will be more effective. Visuals can be a particularly help- ful aid to understanding legal analysis.2 Now, unconstrained by the cost of color printing or the concern about how a color graphic will be distorted when translated by a black-and-white printer, writers can more freely incorporate graphics like pho- tographs, charts and maps to aid their readers.
DECEMBER 2019 • OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN 15 What Can a Reader Do? Readers are somewhat stuck with what the writer gives them. But readers can take steps to improve their compre- hension of electronic documents. Those who struggle can alter how they view electronic documents and improve their own habits. If you can, flip instead of scroll. Read- ers have a harder time processing infor- mation when they have to scroll down a page.3 Using an e-reader that allows you to flip pages — mimicking a paper text — can help. If you don’t have an e-reader or are otherwise stuck reading Word documents on a computer screen, adjust the layout on your screen to “Print Layout” so that you see each page instead of a single, scrolling document. Making the screen look and function like a page gives read- ers helpful visual cues. Again, without those visual cues, as readers scroll down a document, they have to work harder to stay oriented. That makes decoding the meaning more difficult. To further improve orientation, you can choose to view a navigational side- bar in some word-processing programs. On Word, it’s called a navigation pane. Choosing to view it will open a small window to the left of the document. One option within the navigation pane lists the document’s headings in order, like a table of contents. As a reader clicks through the document, the pane shows the reader how she’s progressing and what remains. That can help with the problem of disorientation. The glow of a screen can increase ex- haustion, so dimming the display can help; the screen should be dimmer than its sur- roundings. Further, adjusting the size and appearance of the text will make it easier to read it without straining. Allowing for frequent breaks can also help. Practicing the 20-20-20 rule helps battle eye exhaus- tion: every 20 minutes, spend 20 seconds looking at something 20 feet away. Finally, eliminate distraction and focus on the task of reading. Above, I wrote that reading on a device increases our cognitive load because we’re reading and operating a device at once. And that device actively works against you be- cause it’s blinking and dinging and offer- ing 20 percent off if you stop what you’re
16 OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN • DECEMBER 2019 doing and click right now. All of that The path to The OREGON ATTORNEY ASSISTANCE PROGRAM input competes for our brain’s attention, is here to help you through any personal or depleting our capacity for deep reading. fulfillment begins professional issue – confidentially and free of charge. So when reading on a device, improve with a phone call. your chances by turning the device into a 503.226.1057 O 1.800.321.6227 “unitasker.” To do that, turn on airplane mode or turn off your email program and other alerts.
Conclusion OREGON ATTORNEY ASSISTANCE PROGRAM Screen reading presents opportunities helping lawyers, judges, and law students since 1982 and challenges to both readers and writ- R R R R R ers. The key for both groups is not to over- OAAP COUNSELORS: SHARI R. PEARLMAN DOUGLAS S. QUERIN KYRA M. HAZILLA BRYAN R. WELCH KAREN A. NERI look the difference in how we perceive electronic and print documents. As writers, we can make more consid- OAAP_fillad_FULFILL_2019_1-6th pg_horiz erate choices to reach our readers. And as readers, we don’t have to wait idly for writers to consider our needs; we can make our own moves to aid our compre- hension. n
Elizabeth Ruiz Frost teaches Legal Research and Writing and other courses at the Univer- sity of Oregon School of Law.
ENDNOTES 1. Erik Wastlund, et al., “Effects of VCT and paper presentation on consumption and production of information: Psychological and Physiological factors,” 21(2) Computers in Human Behavior 377-94 (March 2005) 2. Steve Johansen, et al., Art-Iculating the Analysis: Systemizing the Decision to Use Visuals as Legal Reasoning, 20 J. Leg. Writing 57 (2015), 3. Erik Wastlund, et al., “The effect of pay layout on mental workload: a dual-task ex- periment,” 24(3) Computers in Human Behavior 1229-45 (May 2008).
DECEMBER 2019 • OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN 17
FILLADS_FULFILL_2019.indd 4 9/12/2019 12:11:21 PM Attention
18 OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN • DECEMBER 2019 Paying Attention Are We Too Distracted to Practice Law?
______By Jennie Bricker ______
DECEMBER 2019 • OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN 19 Paying Attention
Instructions for living a life: The Neurology of Distraction and Attention Pay attention. “My experience is what I agree to attend to.” Be astonished. — William James, The Principles of Psychology Tell about it. In terms of neurology and evolution, “homo distractus” is our — Mary Oliver, “Sometimes” natural state, as it is for other species. The primitive, “bottom-up” oet Mary Oliver’s work has been called an “excellent an- processing in our brains keeps our attention shifting, on alert for tidote” for “flurry and inattention.”1 Perhaps that’s why movement, looking out for danger. In The Shallows,4 Nicholas Carr Lauren Sancken, co-director of the University of Wash- reminds us that “fast-paced, reflexive shifts in focus were once cru- ington’s Legal Writing Program, began a recent magazine cial to our survival. They reduced the odds that a predator would P take us by surprise or that we’d overlook a nearby source of food.” article with a line from one of Oliver’s poems. In “Words of a Feather,”2 Sancken posits that reading poetry Over time, however, our brains adapt — a feature neurolo- can help attorneys hone their abilities to analyze and write. “At- gists call “neuroplasticity.” By changing what we pay attention tentiveness to critical facts and arguments,” she says, “takes a to, we can develop brand new neural pathways, effectively rewir- special form of grit, and constructing those facts into a coherent ing our circuitry. argument requires mental endurance.” As a species, we have already accomplished one major over- That’s not an easy thing to do, though, in a world where the haul of our brains, starting in the 13th century. We took spoken ability to multitask is rewarded (if not expected), and technologi- language — something inbred in humans — and began produc- cal advances make it easy to get distracted from the task at hand. ing written texts. Coincidentally, perhaps, the legal profession in As a brand new associate in 1999, I presented a corner-office Western Europe got its start at about the same time, when France partner with a superficial memo about piercing the corporate veil. and England began to require an oath of admission from those He gave it back. “Our clients pay us a lot of money,” he said. who wanted to appear in court. Lawyers were likely among the “They don’t pay us to summarize the law. They pay us to think.” privileged elite with access to the first books — codices penned Since then, I’ve thought a lot about what clients want when by scribes. they’re in the market for a billable hour. I believe Sancken has In the 1450s, everything changed. Johannes Gutenberg used it exactly right: Clients want to rent an hour’s worth of lawyers’ his skills as a goldsmith to cast letters out of metal, made some analytical minds, their mental grit. And then they want those adaptations to a wooden-screw press used for crushing wine attorneys to deliver a package — a synthesis, an argument, a cu- grapes and invented an oil-infused ink that would stick to the rated list of solid alternatives. type. The letterpress — and moveable-type printing — made That requires sustained focus, marathon-caliber mental endur- books plentiful for the first time, accessible to just about any- ance. It requires attention, the very currency of the billable hour. one. Carr writes that the same number of books were printed in the first 50 years of moveable type as scribes had been able to Attention as Currency produce in the previous 1,000. To pay attention, this is our endless and proper work. Reading changed our brains. “As our ancestors imbued their — Mary Oliver, “Yes! No!” minds with the discipline to follow a line of argument or narra- Clients and lawyers are not the only ones buying and selling tive through a succession of printed pages,” Carr says, “they be- attention, of course. In The Attention Merchants,3 Tim Wu writes came more contemplative, reflective, and imaginative.” that “harvesting human attention and reselling it to advertisers The English lexicon expanded. Abstract concepts imported has become a major part of our economy.” themselves into our thoughts, riding on the written word. The “If we think of attention as a resource, or even a kind of cur- ideas we were capable of understanding “became more complex rency, we must allow that it is always, necessarily, being ‘spent,’” and subtle, as arguments wound their way linearly across many he writes. “There is no saving it for later.” pages of text.” Wu charts the history of attention-selling, from the first news- We trained ourselves to concentrate, read deeply, follow com- paper to rely on paid advertising (the New York Sun in 1833) to plicated lines of thought and ignore distractions. broadcast radio and television, and finally to the internet and the We trained our brains to think like lawyers. ubiquitous smart phone — a device that most of us voluntarily carry everywhere. We hardly question, Wu says, “the unstated Changing Our Minds premise that every sliver of our attention is fair game for com- “The Net seizes our attention, only to scatter it.” mercial exploitation.” — Nicholas Carr, The Shallows Every time we surf the internet, log in to social media and news feeds or check email, we are bombarded with bids for our For 550 years, the book dominated our intellectual lives, attention. Wu believes we have reached an “attentional cri- surviving what Carr calls the “first wave” of electronic media sis,” that we are transforming ourselves into “‘homo distractus,’ — radio, phonographs, movies and television. None of those a species of ever-shorter attention span known for compulsively could deliver the written word; thus they “could displace but not checking his devices.” replace the book.”
20 OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN • DECEMBER 2019 That wasn’t true of the internet, though. Or its offspring, But Tomlinson died in 2016, so it seems disrespectful to stick email. him with darts. And anyway, it wasn’t really Tomlinson who was In 1969, the internet’s prototype, ARPANET, was being responsible for overcrowded inboxes; it was Gary Thuerk, the used to connect research networks at several universities, IBM self-appointed “father of spam.” and a government contractor called Bolt, Beranek and New- In 1978, as marketing manager at the Digi- man, where Ray Tomlinson worked. In The Attention Merchants, tal Equipment Corporation, Thuerk sent out Wu writes about ARPANET’s technical achievement, but he 393 unsolicited email messages announcing his notes that it almost faded away into nothingness because no one company’s launch of a new series of comput- cared. Like so many technological innovations, it was cool but ers. Retribution was swift. Thuerk received an not widely useful. email and a telephone call from the Pentagon characterizing his mass email as a “flagrant vio- Gary Thuerk At BBN, Tomlinson’s marching orders were lation” of federal policy and instructing him in to change that, to figure out a way to make the no uncertain terms to never do it again. internet useful to the masses. In response, he Those were the days. invented email. “Once email came in, it was all over,” says Corbett Gordon, a On May 24, 1844, Samuel Morse sent the Portland labor and employment attorney who graduated from law first telegraph message from Washington, D.C., school in 1980. Gordon can recount the milestones of technol- Ray Tomlinson to Baltimore. The message was “What hath ogy throughout her career. God wrought?” Tomlinson’s first email mes- “In the 1980s, they pried me off my yellow legal pad and sage, from himself to himself, was nothing so dramatic — though made me use dictation. Then they pried me off the Dictaphone. certainly the event was worthy of drama. Within one year, Wu I remember I didn’t want a fax machine at the office because it writes, “email had, to use a later vernacular, gone viral and given seemed too immediate,” she says. “Now I get so much email I the internet arguably its most powerful reason to exist.” can’t pay attention to all of it. Clients have learned to send a text Many lawyers would no doubt like to paste a picture of Ray message to alert me that an email is important.” Tomlinson on their office walls and throw darts at it. For every Attorney Leanne Bowker agrees that “email bombards us.” email message that flies into our inboxes and warrants our atten- Bowker’s metro-area practice focuses on estate planning and tion, we get dozens that don’t — the listserv missives, the CLE business. She typically begins her work day with a list of tasks; for advertisements, the endless offers to help improve websites and example, she might need to draft an operating agreement or re- Google search positions. And in our personal email inboxes, of- view an estate plan. Those are the kinds of work that, for Bowker, ten bereft of aggressive spam filters, we somehow attract hundreds require focused effort and no interruptions. But in her view, calls of messages from folks who want to sell us something — despite and emails demand a quick response — within the same day, if our liberal use of the “unsubscribe” button. not within a few hours.
iStock/KrisCole (p.15) and metamorworks (p.17) DECEMBER 2019 • OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN 21 Paying Attention
“Emails arrive, full of quick, piddly stuff,” Custer started her career as a legal secretary in 1983. The she says. “It just seems easier to get the little same week she started her job, her law firm invested in worksta- things out of the way. Then it’s 4 p.m. and tions with dedicated word processors. “I thought it was fabulous,” nothing on the list is done.” says Custer, who started law school after a decade of working as Bowker is less than happy with her solution a secretary. to the problem: She escapes the email bom- As a first-year law student, Custer remembers that all legal bardment by sacrificing weekends, she says — research was in books. By the time she finished, Westlaw and Corbett Gordon the “only time I can get any real work done.” Jan Neuman’s experience is similar. “It’s really hard to plan my day,” the Portland attorney says, “because what you have planned to work on often goes out the window. You can’t get away from the phone and the email.” Neuman, who specializes in water and natu- ral resources law, acknowledges that clients — as well as colleagues — expect instantaneous, 24/7 access. She attributes that to technology. “If you can Google and get a fast result, you ought to be able to text your lawyer and get an answer instantly,” she says. “Technology has Leanne Bowker really changed the practice of law.” Like Bowker, Neuman says that “in order to get decent work done for a client, I can’t be interrupted.” But she finds uninter- rupted time increasingly scarce. “If you don’t answer a phone call in the office, they call your cell phone,” she says. “If you don’t respond immediately to an email, they send a text.” Kittee Custer, an attorney with a private practice in Milton- Portland lawyer Jan Neuman and her husband, Bob Slayton, take a break from client emails and phone calls with a hike in the Columbia Freewater, says she makes a “very sharp division” between her Gorge. “Technology has really changed the practice of law,” she says. professional and private life. For example, she rarely gives out her Photo courtesy of Jan Neuman cellphone number. “Being a trial lawyer is incredibly stressful. I have to have the Lexis had debuted and students had basic internet access as well space away. I just have to,” she says. as email. Custer is a fan of e-filing and database research — “It’s so much faster and more thorough,” she says. But has the quality of legal work declined in the concession to speed? “It has to,” Bowker believes. “There’s so much pressure.” Still, faster and faster appears to be the new standard of com- petition among attorneys. As Neuman puts it, “If somebody can do something faster and cheaper — as long as it doesn’t result in an imminent disaster — that’s going to drive the rest of the market.”
Picking Up the Pace “I did think, let’s go about this slowly. This is important. This should take Some really deep thought.” — Mary Oliver, “I Did Think, Let’s Go About This Slowly”
Books and computers are not the same. “The world of the screen,” Carr writes, “is a very different place from the world of the page.” He calls the switch a “new intellectual ethic.” Corbett Gordon kayaks with a friend during a break from her work at Jim Mountain, who has practiced law since 1975, still relies Tonkon Torp in Portland, but she acknowledges that technology makes mainly on books for legal research. “When you go to the books,” it increasingly difficult to truly get away. “Clients have learned to send a text message to alert me that an email is important,” she says. the Portland lawyer says, “you are taking time to accomplish Photo courtesy of Corbett Gordon something. And in that time, you’re thinking.”
22 OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN • DECEMBER 2019 Paying Attention
Mountain finds computer research a qualitatively different experience, one in which “you’re not thinking; you’re looking for buzzwords.” According to Carr, the altar of Google is where we’re sacrific- ing the deep thought and sustained focus that our brains learned from books. “It’s not just that we tend to use the Net regularly, even ob- sessively,” he writes. “It’s that the Net delivers precisely the kind of sensory and cognitive stimuli — repetitive, intensive, interac- tive, addictive — that have been shown to result in strong and rapid alterations in brain circuits and functions.” Although it’s tempting to believe that the internet and email are making us more efficient and our thinking more nimble, Carr believes they are in fact forcing us into “an environment that promotes cursory reading, hurried and distracted thinking, and Jim Mountain still relies mainly on books for legal research. Computers superficial learning.” offer a qualitatively different experience, the attorney for Harrang Long What’s more, none of this technology seems to be improving Gary Rudnick says, one in which “you’re not thinking; you’re looking for our overall well-being. Carr summarizes recent research5 showing buzzwords.” Photo courtesy of Jim Mountain that frequent interruptions “make us tense and anxious,” particu- larly when we’re concentrating deeply on something complex. the practice of “unplugging,” or taking “digital Sabbaths” is the type of “incremental change” that can help restore equilibrium. “Over the coming century,” Wu writes, “the most vital human resource in need of conservation and protection is likely to be our own consciousness and mental space.” How we spend our attention matters, in other words. If we squander it foolishly, blithely, without “some really deep thought,” what we have to offer clients might not be as valuable. n
Jennie Bricker is a natural resources attorney at Harrang Long Gary Rudnick and a freelance writer doing business as Brick Work Writing & Editing. Reach her at [email protected].
ENDNOTES 1. Poetry Society of America, “A Tribute to Mary Oliver” (Sept. 23, 2019); poetrysociety.org/events/a-tribute-to-mary-oliver. 2. Lauren E. Sancken, “Words of a Feather: Poetry as a Tool for Legal Writ- ing,” NWLawyer (September 2019). 3. Tim Wu, The Attention Merchants: From the Daily Newspaper to Social Media, How Our Time and Attention Is Harvested and Sold (2016). Milton-Freewater attorney Kittee Custer takes a call from a client during a 4. Nicholas Carr, The Shallows: What the Internet Is Doing to Our Brains recent horseback ride. Custer says she tries to keep her professional and (2010). private lives separate, but she appreciates the flexibility that technology 5. One of the most frequently cited studies is “The Prevalence of Sub- brings to her law practice. Photo courtesy of Kittee Custer stance Use and Other Mental Health Concerns Among American At- torneys,” American Bar Association Commission on Lawyer Assistance Programs and the Hazelton Betty Ford Foundation (2016). In a recent article for the American Immigration Lawyers As- 6. Chris Ritter, “Technology and Mental Health: How Lawyers Are Affected sociation,6 Chris Ritter says technology and social media do have By Devices and Social Media and What to Do About It,” American Immi- an impact on our mental health, and “the results are alarming.” gration Lawyers Association (September 2019). Lawyers are vulnerable because we are “the ultimate multitask- ers,” he says, “but research indicates that multitasking is very damaging to our mental health and a root cause of depression.” Ritter suggests setting limits on the use of technology. For ex- ample, lawyers can limit themselves to checking email only two or three times each day; turn off smart phone notifications; and opt out of applications like Twitter, Facebook and Instagram. Wu says
DECEMBER 2019 • OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN 23 Lawyers for Literacy Oregon Law Firms Pitch in to Boost Student Achievement
By Cliff Collins
24 OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN • DECEMBER 2019 ore than half of Oregon’s third-graders fail to meet state reading standards, according to the Depart- ment of Education’s latest Statewide Report Card, rendering them four times less likely than their Mpeers to graduate from high school. Conversely, education experts say, children gain six months of reading ability simply by being read to three to five times per week when they are 4 or 5 years old — a dramatic impact, and one of the reasons why Portland lawyer Jeffrey S. Matthews suggested an initiative that has now been transformed into a campaign called “Lawyers for Literacy.”
The effort was launched earlier this year in collaboration with SMART Read- ing, the nonprofit formerly known as SMART (Start Making A Reader Today), which serves the entire state and reached more than 11,000 students in 300 schools during the 2018-19 school year. “Becoming a reader at a young age” is Jeffrey Matthews a harbinger of children’s future “potential happiness as they become adults” and empowers them to succeed in life, says attorney Sarah J. Ryan, who serves with Matthews on Lawyers for Literacy’s steering committee. “Literacy is an impor- tant asset of being a lawyer, so it’s a natural tie-in for what we do.” Matthews, who is of counsel at Gevurtz Menashe, agrees. He approached SMART Reading because he considers “the le- gal profession and promoting reading skills a great match,” says Alayna Herr, an attorney who serves as development officer for A future reader picks a book during a recent visit by SMART Reading volunteers to the Applegate Head Start program in North Portland. SMART Reading. Another motivating factor: Both Ryan’s and Photo courtesy of SMART Reading Matthews’ respective spouses have been SMART Reading vol- unteers, so they knew firsthand about the organization’s purpose and value. Matthews and Ryan, a principal in the Portland office of Jackson Lewis and chair of the Lawyers for Literacy steering As the state’s largest volunteer-driven children’s literacy non- committee, were founding board members of Oregon Lawyers profit, SMART Reading works with students in Oregon’s high- Against Hunger in 1997. The two say they used a similar ap- est-need schools, providing two essential components of early lit- proach from that campaign to recruit interested attorneys for eracy and learning success: one-on-one reading time, and access Lawyers for Literacy, with the organizing help of Portland law- to books. yer Joseph Mueller. According to Matthews, who is vice chair of the Lawyers for Literacy steering committee, the goal of Lawyers for Literacy’s first The goal for this first year’s effort — annual campaign was to engage Portland’s legal community in sup- which ran from June 3-14 — was to raise porting this important work by raising money and recruiting vol- $32,000, Matthews says. Instead, the cam- unteer readers to support the students who participate in SMART paign received more than 400 donations Reading in the Portland metropolitan area. from law firms, courthouses, public defend- ers and city attorneys’ offices, exceeding $56,000 for the 2019 campaign. Ryan says the steering committee en- Sarah Ryan couraged each firm to appoint a team cap- tain to promote the campaign internally. “The response was very successful,” she says, “with more than 40 firms contributing. That’s pretty significant given the fact we’re just getting started and only focused on the Portland area.” OPPOSITE PAGE: Chihao Mac participated in the SMART program Competing for a Cause when he was a child. Now he volunteers as a reader with Sam and other students at Beach Elementary School in North Portland. Law firms employed good-natured competition and fun in- Photo courtesy of SMART Reading centives to spur members to contribute to Lawyers for Literacy.
DECEMBER 2019 • OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN 25 Attorney Liz Large, a co-founder of the Office of General Counsel Network, works with a young student during a recent SMART Read- ing session at a Portland elementary school. Large has been a long-time SMART volunteer, serving at one point as chair of the nonprofit’s board. Photo courtesy of SMART Reading
The campaign established three categories based on firm size, “The pillow changed hands several times,” she says with pride. from large (more than 50 employees) to medium (15-50) to small Most importantly, King divided the firm into two teams, (under 15). based on their respective specialty areas: the Litigation Lions and The idea was to ensure fairness and a level playing field, al- the Transactional Titans. “We kept a running scorecard every though that notion got turned on its head: A medium-size firm, day showing which team was ahead,” she explains. Garvey Schubert Barer (now known as Foster Garvey after a The firm also held an open house to launch the campaign. At Sept. 1 merger), ended up as the overall highest contributor, rais- that event, leaders emphasized the importance of children learn- ing $5,745. ing to read at a young age. For instance, King says, they noted Miller Nash Graham & Dunn finished first in the large-firm that 85 percent of all juveniles who interface with the court sys- category and second overall with $5,640. Thede Culpepper tem are functionally illiterate, according to SMART Reading. Moore Munro & Silliman was the top fundraiser among small “Literacy is a strong issue for lawyers in general, and they were firms, bringing in $3,100. receptive to everything we did,” King says. The law firm itself Team captain Tamara King, a legal assistant with Foster Gar- committed to match the first $1,000 that employees contributed. vey, used several creative approaches in leading her firm to its Miller Nash Graham & Dunn matched the gifts of firm first-place finish. Her motivations, she says, were partly personal. members outright — about $2,800 of the $5,640 raised by the “Learning to read — I remember that changed my life when firm. Partner Thomas C. Sand says several employees have been I was a child,” she says. In addition, “I’m just very competitive.” SMART Reading volunteers, so most were familiar with the non- King says she persuaded some colleagues to be on her com- profit’s work. mittee and help formulate and execute ideas for fundraising. One The firm sponsored a prize competition to stir up interest in strategy involved King, a quilter, making a fancy pillow with a donating to the campaign. Members donating more than $100 fringe on it. The firm member who was the current highest donor became eligible for a drawing to require Sand to spend a day to the campaign won the privilege of having the pillow in his or wearing mascot-related clothing from their undergraduate alma her office until someone else exceeded that donation. mater, he says. Donors contributing $250 were eligible to be
26 OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN • DECEMBER 2019 treated to a free lunch at a nice restaurant. The grand prize win- ner won a dinner at Sand’s house, with live musical entertain- ment included. “We’re hoping to participate again,” says Katelyn J. Fulton, an attorney with Miller Nash who served with Sand as team co-cap- tain for the campaign. “We appreciated the opportunity SMART gave us to give back to the community.” Mercedes W. Rhoden-Feely, team captain and a lawyer with Thede Culpepper Moore Munro & Silliman, says external com- petition played a big role in the firm’s first-place finish in the small-firm category. “We would have very much liked to beat Miller Nash,” she concedes. “We were once part of Miller Nash. But we were ahead of them until the last week.” Rhoden-Feely already served on SMART Reading’s Legacy Council, advising the group about charitable requests. That made working with the nonprofit on the campaign a natural fit, she says. “It’s a great program. It’s well worth the time,” she says. “For- tunately, we just have a very, very charitable office. The attorneys here and the firm itself make a lot of contributions to charity.” Other big contributors to the campaign included Stoel Rives ($2,000) and District of Oregon Federal Courthouse Family ($1,710) in the large-firm category; Bullivant Houser Bailey ($3,261) and Dunn Carney ($2,695) for medium-size firms; and Littler ($1,350) and Larkins Vacura Kayser ($1,250) for small firms.
Making an Impact During the 2018-19 school year alone, SMART Reading — which has eight offices located across the state — provided one- on-one reading sessions with the help of more than 5,000 com- munity volunteers and gave away about 150,000 new books.
SMART Reading gives each child two new books every month to keep. It prioritizes access to a wide range of books so that all children can find tomes they love and that reflect their cultures, identities and experiences. Photo courtesy of SMART Reading
DECEMBER 2019 • OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN 27 Thanks to volunteers from Intel and other local businesses, SMART Read- ing reached more than 11,000 students in 300 Oregon schools during the 2018-19 school year. Photo courtesy of SMART Reading
The organization says 60 percent of low-income families in Oregon don’t own any books. Yet, children with access to 25 books at home complete, on average, two more years of school than children from homes with no books. SMART Reading provides each child with two new books each month to keep and to build their personal libraries. It pri- oritizes access to a wide range of books so that all children can find tomes they love and that reflect their cultures, identities and experiences. According to the nonprofit, more than 85 percent Empower Your Clients of students who participate in its programs consistently show im- provement in reading motivation and enjoyment, factors that are to Leave a Legacy. strongly correlated with reading performance. SMART Reading’s Herr says the 2020 Lawyers for Literacy campaign will take place next summer, from June 8-19. “We’re hopeful to roll out the campaign statewide,” she says, adding that she’d like to see more attorneys become volunteer readers as well as donors. Volunteer readers commit to one hour a week through the school year and are paired with two students for an hour. Matthews remains enthusiastic. “It’s been a real pleasure exceeding our expectations,” he says. “We’re looking forward to expanding it.” To volunteer or for more information about SMART Reading and Lawyers for Literacy, contact Alayna Herr at aherr@getsmart St. Jude patient Bailey, oregon.org or (971) 634-1626. n age 7, Wilms tumor
Cliff Collins is a Portland-area freelance writer and frequent con- tributor to the Bulletin. Reach him at [email protected].
Help your clients create their legacy today, and help save children everywhere.
Find out more: stjude.org/professional-advisor
28 OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN • DECEMBER 2019 16-GP-23254_AdvisorStrategyPrintAd-OSBA_v03.indd 2 4/28/16 3:16 PM
PROFILES IN THE LAW
Lessons from London Inform Josh Newton’s Legal Work at Home
There and Back Again By Janay Haas
England, where he enrolled in 2017 in a Great Britain and the European Union, master’s program in law at the London of course, but from Asia, the Middle East, School of Economics (LSE) and Political Africa and South America, too. Many Science. Why? Because he says he wants of his classmates and instructors have to do the best work possible for his clients, advanced degrees in non-law fields from whose livelihoods — and cultures — de- prestigious universities and elite under- pend on land and water in the western graduate backgrounds, with extraordinary United States. experiences and insights to share. It’s 8,000 miles from Bend to London, “I couldn’t have anticipated the peo- but for Newton and his practice, the tra- ple I’ve met,” Newton says. “Everyone is jectory makes sense. He’s a partner at the smart, and talented. It’s one of the most Karnopp Peterson law firm, which has exciting things I’ve ever done.” long represented the Confederated Tribes That’s what the 47-year-old reminds of Warm Springs, a federally recognized his wife Jennifer, he says, when she asks tribe with jurisdiction over about 640,000 why he gets up at 4 a.m. many weekdays acres in the Deschutes River basin in and 6 a.m. on Saturdays to read assign- north-central Oregon. ments before starting the day’s normal The Executive LLM program at the activities.
Bulletin File Photo LSE is an in-person, interactive seminar Josh Newton series, not an online course. It’s designed ‘Great Vision and for mid-career professionals who are not Intellectual Curiosity’ ravel south on I-5 across the Or- in a position to take a year off to advance The idea to enroll in the program egon border and you’ll find your- their studies. Students enroll in eight in- sprang from a suggestion by Karnopp Pe- Tself in the pastoral postcard that is tensive modules over a three-to-four year terson partner Howard Arnett. Newton Siskiyou County, Calif. period, meeting in London for one 25- has “great vision and intellectual curiosity hour week per module. From Yreka, the county seat, 14,000- about where the profession is going and foot Mt. Shasta looks close enough to There is extensive pre-session reading how he and our firm can best position our- selves for the future,” Arnett says. “The touch. To the west, steep hills fade into and graded post-session essays, followed LSE program is an expression of that vi- the dark green silhouette of the Marble by a take-home exam two months later — sion.” Mountains, forming the western bound- “6,000 words plus footnotes and a bibliog- raphy,” Newton explains. ary of the Scott Valley, where cattle graze When Newton was planning a family near the wild and scenic Scott River. The LLM program offers courses in trip to Europe, Arnett prompted him to advanced mediation and international approach English law schools about lec- If you live in Siskiyou County, you commercial arbitration; art, cultural prop- turing on Indian law. “LSE came up be- don’t have a lot of neighbors. What you erty and heritage law; regulation of finan- cause I was a student there in the early do have is a front-row seat on nature, an cial markets and finance law and practice; 70s,” says Arnett, who earned a master’s awareness of the relationship of land and international law and climate change; degree from the London school. “It’s a water and how that affects the commu- transnational environmental law; cyber great place. Josh looked into it and dis- nity of people who live here. law, digital rights, privacy and security covered the executive LLM program.” Bend lawyer Josh Newton under- law; human rights law; taxation of wealth; One of Newton’s first courses at the stands. diplomacy law; and more. LSE centered on dispute resolution and Newton grew up in Yreka and is a Classroom discussions are fascinat- advanced mediation. He had taken a ba- fourth-generation Siskiyou County na- ing, Newton says, with perspectives from sic mediation class in law school at Wil- tive, but he now travels twice a year to people from many countries — from lamette University in Salem, he says,
30 OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN • DECEMBER 2019 associated with re-tooling the infrastruc- ture of lands and waters of the western United States, including tribal lands. His coursework at the LSE draws on social science and the broader humani- ties. “It’s not just about being better legal technicians,” he explains. He finds that as a result of his multi-dimensional study, the briefs he writes on behalf of his clients take into account a broader range of con- siderations and, he believes, are stronger and more persuasive. “I’m still figuring out how to use all this new knowledge,” Newton acknowl- edges. “But I know it will improve our ser- vices to the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs and similarly situated clients.” Multiple dimensions are the essence Shaun and Ryan Newton enjoy the ride while their dad, Josh, wields the oars on a float trip down of Indian law practice, with tribal gov- the Grand Ronde River. Josh Newton, an outdoors enthusiast who grew up in Yreka, Calif., is a ernments interacting with county and fourth-generation Siskiyou County native; he now practices law in Bend. Photo by Jennifer Newton state governments, state and federal tax agencies, the Indian Health Service, the Department of Housing and Urban De- velopment, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Park Service and the Forest He cites tribal rights as an example of Service, as well as with neighboring land- when litigation can be the right approach. owners and other private individuals. “Many of the legally recognized rights of Warm Springs tribal council chair- Native Americans today are the product man Raymond Tsumpti says Newton has of judicial precedent,” he says, “particu- helped in a variety of ways. “Josh repre- larly U.S. Supreme Court decisions.” sents us on railroad issues in the Columbia At the same time, he has gained from River Gorge National Scenic Area,” he his tribal work a greater appreciation for says, “where the tribe holds reserved off- process. “Over time, I have learned that reservation fishing rights.” His work on an the process by which a settlement is Endangered Species Act case involving achieved is at least as important as the the Oregon spotted frog has been “par- substance of the agreement,” he says. ticularly important because the case arose “Sound process enhances the legitimacy out of the Deschutes Basin, where Warm Springs Reservation is located, and impli- Bend lawyer Josh Newton and his wife Jenni- and durability of settled outcomes.” cated many of our sovereign, cultural and fer, shown here on a trip to Venice, Italy, are Nationally and internationally, mean- veteran travelers. Twice a year, Newton heads treaty-reserved rights and interests.” for the London School of Economics and Po- while, society’s relationship with the nat- litical Science, where he is pursuing a master’s ural resources that sustain it continues to ‘A Series of Happy Accidents’ degree in law. Photo courtesy of Josh Newton evolve. “When it comes to the lands and As a child, Newton had no intention waters of the western United States,” says of becoming a lawyer like his father and Newton, “we need to consider a new legal uncle. Instead, he was attracted to the but hadn’t meaningfully considered the paradigm that takes into account the val- outdoors and spent most weekends at relationship between informal justice, of ues and challenges of the 21st century.” the family cattle ranch in the Scott Val- which mediation is an important part, At the LSE, Newton has examined ley. Together with family, neighbors and friends, he rode horses and worked cat- and formal civil justice. The LSE allowed climate change and its effects on hu- man rights. He has also studied mitiga- tle. After the traditional mid-day lunch Newton to reflect on that relationship. tion strategies, such as carbon trading spread, all of the youngsters were often “What do we deprive ourselves of,” schemes, designed to reduce greenhouse free to head to the river or ponds to fish. he asks, “if we don’t go for formal justice? gas emissions. Newton is also interested After high school, Newton enrolled What about the public good associated in conservation finance and how to secure at Oregon State University to pursue a with judicial precedent?” capital to undertake large projects often degree in forest management. But one
DECEMBER 2019 • OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN 31 When You Make Your Charitable Gifts This Season, Please Remember St. Andrew Legal Clinic of his classes awoke him to the role of governments in policy development, and he began thinking about law and its rela- tion to natural resources. Thus began what he calls “a series of happy accidents.” Newton enrolled in law school. He took an Indian law class at Willamette that he found intriguing, and participated St. Andrew Legal Clinic in moot court. In his final year, he served Empowering Families Since 1979 as a moot court judge alongside Oregon www.salcgroup.org Supreme Court Justice Virginia Linder, then on the Oregon Court of Appeals, who remembers him as “well-prepared, thoughtful and smart, personable, profes- sional and respectful, and engaging as my fellow colleague ‘on the bench.’” Later, when Linder learned that New- ton hadn’t lined up a job for after law school, she tracked him down through the career services office on campus and invited him to apply for a clerkship at the Court of Appeals. After a couple of months as a secondary clerk to Linder, Newton was assigned to newly appointed Judge David Brewer, also later a state Su- preme Court justice, who describes New- ton as among those lawyers “who truly serve their clients’ needs and consider public service to be their highest calling.” It was Brewer who encouraged New- ton — perhaps “propelled” is a better de- scriptor — to join Karnopp Peterson after his clerkship. As Newton recalls their conversation, Brewer waved a job an- nouncement at him and said, “This is the job for you.” Old-timers still call Newton’s Central Oregon law office “the Panner firm.” It’s where Owen Panner, a legendary figure on the federal bench in Oregon until his death in 2018, practiced law for 30 years. Panner was responsible for the firm’s re- lationship with the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs; starting in the 1950s, he worked to establish education trusts for tribal children, helped protect fish- ing rights and recover tribal lands, and advised the tribes on economic and infra- structure development. Newton joined the firm in 2000, at first concentrating on business matters and civ- il litigation. He took on more tribal work as time went by. One project was to inves- tigate the post-treaty history of the Con- federated Tribes of Warm Springs and its trust relationship with the United States;
32 OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN • DECEMBER 2019 he spent many hours at various federal records centers researching those issues. Newton recalls that, at a conference shortly after he joined the firm, Panner sought him out — the two had never met — and told him, “If you let them, the tribe will teach you more than you will ever teach them.” Panner was right, Newton says. He’s learned (and continues to learn) a lot. It helps, he thinks, that he grew up with an appreciation for nature as something with intrinsic value. Living in Central Oregon, he says, has been good. “I love being outdoors,” he says, list- ing hiking, rafting and cycling as some of his favorite activities. Together with Jen- nifer, their two sons and their black Lab, he also enjoys camping and exploring Eastern Oregon. Jennifer works for the Bend-LaPine School District; on a Friday or Saturday evening, Newton says, they sometimes ride into Bend on their bikes, then share a glass of wine and quiet con- versation to end their busy week. Newton enjoys community service, too. For several years, he has been chair of the board of trustees for the Oregon High Desert Museum; he’s in the Rotary Club of Greater Bend, and has served on the Oregon State Bar Legal Services Commit- tee and the Oregon New Lawyers Division Executive Committee. Along with the others in the firm, he contributes annu- ally to the Lawyer’s Campaign for Equal Justice. He has been a regular author for bar publications and has served as a CLE presenter on natural resource issues. “My life philosophy,” he says, “is ‘Be good and do good.’ It is not enough to simply conduct yourself in an honest and ethical manner; you must also dedicate yourself to helping others.” n
Janay Haas is the author of “Using Small Claims Court in Oregon” and “Oregon’s Legal Guide for Grandparents.” A frequent contributor to the Bulletin, she also served as contributing editor of the OSB’s “Legal Issues for Older Adults.” Reach her at [email protected].
DECEMBER 2019 • OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN 33 Pro Bono!
Oregon lawyers celebrated two key milestones when they gathered in down- town Portland on Oct. 24 for the 2019 Pro Bono Awards gala, which included three free CLEs and a volunteer fair.
This year marks the 30th anniversary of Oregon’s Aspirational Pro Bono Standard, which encourages lawyers to provide 80 hours of community ser- vice, including 20-40 hours of direct pro bono work for low-income individu- als. Lawyers who cannot provide direct legal services are encouraged to do- nate to an organization like legal aid that works to increase access to justice.
In addition, 2019 marks the 20th anniversary of the Pro Bono Challenge Awards, which recognize Oregon lawyers and law firms that provided the most pro bono time in the previous year.
In 2018, approximately 9 percent of Oregon’s active bar members reported contributing nearly 46,000 hours of direct legal representation pro bono and more than 89,000 hours of public service of any kind. Since the OSB began keeping detailed records of pro bono reports in 2003, Oregon lawyers have re- ported providing direct pro bono legal services worth more than $161 million.
Oregon Supreme Court Chief Justice Martha Walters presented this year’s awards, which went to:
• Large Firm: Davis Wright Tremaine • Medium Firm: Stoll Berne • Small Firm: Schroeder Law Offices • Solo Practitioner: Diane Henkels • ONLD Member: Nadia Dahab 7 • Active Pro Bono Member: Joe Richards • Law Student at Lewis & Clark Law School: Sarah Malik • Law Student at University of Oregon School of Law: Camille Krier • Law Student at Willamette University College of Law: Benjamin Fischberg
For more information about pro bono and volunteer opportunities, visit osbar.org/probono/index.html. 1 2 3
4 5 6
1. Oregon Supreme Court Chief Justice Martha Walters presents Stoll Berne lawyer Steve Berman with the Medium Firm Award. Stoll Berne attorneys provided 1,280 hours of pro bono work in 2018 and had the highest pro bono hours per attorney of any medium or large firm. 2. Camille Krier accepts the University of Oregon Law Student Award from Oregon Supreme Court Chief Justice Martha Walters. Krier vol- unteered for more than 350 hours with the Riverside County Public Defender’s Office in California. 3. Diane Henkels, recipient of the Solo Attorney Award, provided 512 hours of pro bon work in 2018, primarily on a 42 USC 1983 case through the Federal District Court Pro Bono Program. 4. Benjamin Fischberg accepts the Willamette Law Student Award for his work with the Public Defender of Marion County. 8 5. Sarah Malik displays her Lewis & Clark Law Student Award. Malik volunteered for the Oregon Innocence Project. 6. Bill Miner of Davis Wright Tremaine accepts the Large Firm award. DWT attorneys performed more than 4,400 hours of pro bono work in 2018. 7. Stoll Berne attorney Nadia Dahab received the ONLD Member Award for completing 572 hours of pro bono work, primarily with Innova- tion Law Lab. 8. Joe Richards displays his Active Pro Bono Award. Richards contributed 565 hours of pro bono work through Oregon Law Center’s Lane County Legal Aid Office. 9. Oregon State Bar President Christine Costantino shares a story with OSB Pro Bono Committee Co-chairs Tiffany Blackmon and Natalie Hedman while Bill Penn, assistant director of the OSB Legal Services Program, looks on.
Photos by Jonathan House 9 LEGAL PRACTICE TIPS
Modern Estate Planning Requires a Broader View
Going Beyond Death and Taxes By Brian T. Bradley
financial effects of living longer — and or about tax avoidance. It’s an advanced doing preventative lawsuit planning and form of estate planning and wealth trans- risk management for those who are inves- fer. In simpler terms, it’s a way to serve tors, business owners or high-net-worth clients who are really asking for “lifestyle families. (For a great in-depth read on preservation” and “peace of mind.” This this topic, see the book Estate Planning Is can be accomplished by proactive plan- Dead! Asset Protection Planning is Alive and ning, and by building multiple legal bar- Well by fellow attorney Reed K. Scott.) riers around the client’s vulnerable and By changing their focus, they can bet- exposed assets. ter serve their clients’ needs by identifying No silver bullet exists, of course, and the assets that are at risk, why they are at each client’s case and needs will vary. The risk, what the clients’ risk level is and what first step is determining the client’s level to do to protect those assets from modern of risk and areas of vulnerability. This is destruction. The unspoken truth: An ex- done with a simple risk profile evaluation. pensive revocable living trust is worthless From there, an asset diagnostic must be if the client has no assets to pass down. conducted to evaluate the client’s total Most clients want to protect the assets estate and net worth. This would include they have built against a legal system that their profession, annual salary, current
Bulletin File Photo provides little predictability and protec- investments and assets, businesses and in- Brian T. Bradley tion for them. More and more predatory vestment strategy. lawsuits are being filed against those who Next, Asset Protection involves look- eath and taxes are inevitable, the have high-risk professions, or those who ing to maximize a client’s federal and state saying goes. But should they be have started to invest in cash-flowing in- exemptions. This is important because ex- Dyour primary concern when you vestment properties. It’s a simple concept: emptions are legal rights. Think of Florida draft an estate plan for your clients? The more your clients have, the more vis- homestead rights or federal exemptions for 401(k). Once you know what assets The reality is that what we call “tra- ible they are — and the higher the odds of being sued. can be characterized as exempt, then you ditional estate planning” — that is, draft- will know what remaining exposed assets ing traditional revocable living trusts to If a client chooses to invest in real are still at risk and need additional ad- avoid death taxes and probate — no lon- estate, for example, it must be explained vanced planning. ger meets modern clients’ needs. Today, to them that real estate law is the most At this stage, you would also want to it has been replaced by advanced estate heavily litigated area of law. It’s likely not a matter of if they are going to be sued, but collaborate with an experienced CPA or planning known as Asset Protection. when. Will they be in a position to defend financial advisor to go over your client’s Why? Because death and taxes are no themselves and force a favorable settle- prior three years of tax returns. This will longer the two biggest wealth destroyers. ment? It’s very good to have insurance, of yield documented evidence to support They have been replaced by the Big Four: course, but that can create a false sense of any funding needs in the event that trust predatory lawsuits; devastating health security and should not solely be relied on funding is challenged. care costs; the death and remarriage of to cover a claim for damages. With all of that information in hand, the first surviving spouse; and the death That’s why having an Asset Protec- the final step is setting up a trust. The or divorce of your clients’ own children tion system in place is vital. type of trust you use will vary, depend- before their spouse. ing on the client’s facts and needs, but Instead of focusing on death and Providing Peace of Mind in most general cases I use an Asset taxes, therefore, estate planners should Asset Protection is not about helping Protection Trust. The client’s asset and be protecting all of their clients from the clients commit fraud or scam the system, risk evaluation will help determine the
36 OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN • DECEMBER 2019 best jurisdiction, and whether it should be purely foreign, domestic or a hybrid called a “Bridge Trust.”
Picking a Jurisdiction Picking a jurisdiction for the trust is a very big issue. The laws and rules that govern both people and trusts are differ- ent from one state to another and one country to another. I prefer the power of going offshore, or at least having the op- tion of going offshore in the event the cli- ent needs it. This is simply because a For- eign Cook Island Trust provides the best home-court advantage — statutorily, the Cook Islands do not recognize any other jurisdiction’s court orders. A U.S. judgment, for example, is worthless in the Cook Islands. A plain- tiff would have to start their case from scratch, facing the highest legal stan- dard in the world: “beyond a reasonable doubt.” The plaintiff would have to front court costs and pay to fly in a judge from New Zealand. The claim would not be amendable, meaning that once the com- plaint is filed, it cannot be changed or amended after the discovery process ends. Most importantly, the statute of limi- tations in the Cook Islands is only one year, making it difficult for most plain- tiffs to even take their chances with a lawsuit. On the other hand, purely domestic Asset Protection trusts fail both on ef- fectiveness and control because of the hallmark of asset protection. According to Article 4, Section 1 of the U.S. Con- stitution, every state must grant “full faith and credit” to the judicial proceedings of every other state. Your clients simply can- not run from judgments in the U.S. But courts in the U.S. do not have the power to tell an offshore Cook Island trustee what to do or to give transferred assets back. The Cook Islands statutorily do not recognize any U.S. court order or judgment. Not all clients will need a foreign juris- diction, of course. Domestic trusts do offer certain benefits, including reasonable cost, less IRS reporting disclosures and ano- nymity. But clients can combine the flex- ibility of domestic trusts with the strength of a trust set up in the Cook Islands by “bridging” the two countries together.
DECEMBER 2019 • OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN 37 Crossing the Bridge With a “Bridge Trust” — a term coined by my affiliate, Doug Lodmell — clients can “cross the bridge” to the sanc- tuary or safety of the Cook Islands if their assets are under attack, using automatic triggers drafted into the trust. When the attack is over, the assets then move back to the U.S. The Bridge Trust is a grantor trust, whether domestic or foreign; the person who created it keeps some of the pow- ers over income or assets. And like all Asset Protection trusts, it is a self-settle spendthrift trust. What this means is that grantors can “self-settle” the trusts as their own beneficiary. (Some accountants and attorneys are unfamiliar with trusts that combine irre- vocability with grantor status. A grantor trust can also be irrevocable; it simply has to be drafted to meet the grantor trust rules contained in IRC sections 671, 673, 674, 675, 676 or 677. For tax purposes, an irrevocable trust can be treated as a sim- ple, complex or grantor trust, depending on the powers listed in the trust instru- ment.) The Bridge Trust is a foreign offshore Asset Protection Trust registered in a ju- risdiction like the Cook Islands. Howev- er, for the purposes of the IRS reporting and disclosure code, the Bridge Trust is considered domestic, not foreign. This is because it is specifically drafted to meet the two-part test of USC section 7701, which refers to the “court” test and “con- trol” test. The client serves as the initial trustee, passing the control test, and the trust designates a U.S. jurisdiction as having primary supervision over the administration of the trust, meeting the court test. For tax purposes then, Bridge Trust clients don’t have to deal with foreign IRS filings of any kind unless the trust is threatened and they “cross the bridge” to the Cook Islands. At that point, they would have to make all of the foreign IRS tax filings, such as 3520 and 3520A. Annual maintenance fees would also in- crease while their assets are held offshore.
Asking for Help Asset Protection, exemption planning and the importance of jurisdiction aren’t usually taught in law school, and they’re
38 OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN • DECEMBER 2019 not tested subjects on any state bar exam. This is a very specialized area of law. So my recommendation would be to join a large network of Asset Protection profes- sionals via affiliations and of-counsel rela- tionships. This would allow you to share in the work, build your working knowl- edge and provide the necessary protection for your clients through your law firm the right way. One affiliation I highly recommend is the Asset Protection Council (asset protectioncouncil.com), a nationwide net- work of attorneys, CPAs and financial ad- visors who can provide expertise, coach- ing and, yes, a wealth of asset-protection tools. n
Brian T. Bradley is an Asset Protection and Advanced Strategic Estate Planning attorney. He is also in-house counsel to TRUST-CFO and has been selected to the Super Lawyers Rising Start List, Lawyers of Distinction List and Top 100 High Stake Litigators List. Reach him at brian@ btblegal.com.
Be an Author
The Bulletin is always on the lookout for quality manuscripts for publication on these pages. We publish articles on a wide variety of subjects and favor such top- ics as access to justice, legal funding, judicial independence, diversity in the profession, professionalism and future trends. We also publish columns on ethics, practice tips (in specific areas of law), law practice management and legal history, as well as essays on law and life. The editorial staff welcomes inquiries and is happy to discuss requirements for publication. If you have a manuscript, suggestion or idea, contact Editor Gary M. Stein at (503) 431-6391. He can also be reached by email at [email protected].
DECEMBER 2019 • OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN 39 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE
In a Busy Year, Diversity and Access to Justice Were Top Priorities
Moving the Bar By Christine R. Costantino
In the past, court funding has not ade- This year, all BOG members partici- quately met our needs, and over time this pated in various training programs to ad- has had a significant negative impact. dress our individual biases, systemic dis- The court lost many staff positions due crimination and sexual harassment. Early to a lack of funding, private practitioners in the year, I and others on the BOG par- are not incentivized to sit on the bench ticipated in a deep-dive diversity training because of lower salaries, and many of that was truly transformative.1 It is now a our courthouses are literally crumbling. goal to have 100 percent BOG participa- Chief Justice Walters’ message was a tion in this type of transformative train- simple one: The courts are integral to a ing in 2020 and beyond. well-functioning society. If the public We also conducted a “climate survey” cannot get their disputes resolved, their to seek information from attorneys who rights protected and justice served, then identify as being from non-dominant cul- society suffers. This is true in both civil tures. The goal: to identify common expe- and criminal settings. riences so we can address, and hopefully I was truly impressed with the support end, the type of systemic discrimination we received from our business commu- these lawyers face. nity, as well as from within our member-
Bulletin File Photo What we’ve found is that many firms ship and at the state Legislature. In July, Christine R. Costantino have started to understand the benefits of we were able to see the benefits of our ef- having a diverse set of backgrounds, per- forts when lawmakers passed a state bud- spectives and experiences among their s 2019 comes to a close, I’d like to get that addressed nearly all of our goals. share with you some of the high- attorneys. This is good. However, we are Among other things, the Legislature now seeing a problem with retaining di- Alights of the Oregon State Bar’s restored funding for 80 vacant judicial efforts to fulfill its mission this year. verse attorneys who do not feel connect- staff positions, added two new judgeships ed or included. Among other things, the It has been my honor to be at the helm (one in Jackson County and one in Mar- BOG has voted to establish a leadership as president, steering the bar in a direc- ion County) and gave bonding author- institute to help attorneys from non-dom- tion that aims to improve diversity, equity ity to rehabilitate, update and/or replace inant cultures with 5-7 years of experi- and inclusion among our members, our courthouses in Lane County, Clackamas ence gain leadership skills they can use to bar staff and the public. I am also proud of County, Linn County and Multnomah pursue leadership opportunities, enhance our efforts to improve the administration County, as well as the Oregon Supreme their legal careers and help improve re- of justice throughout our state. Court building. It was a great example tention in private firms. of the bar’s strong relationship with our Citizens’ Campaign for bench and our Legislature. Celebrating the bar’s geographic di- Court Funding versity and understanding the unique Our state budget, and specifically Diversity, Equity & Inclusion needs of lawyers in all parts of Oregon is funding of our judiciary, was front and In 2018, the OSB Board of Governors also a priority. Each year, the bar presi- center during this year’s full session of (BOG) adopted the bar’s Diversity Ac- dent and CEO travel throughout the the state Legislature. I was fortunate to be tion Plan (DAP). This is a three-year plan state to meet with local bars and judges able to work directly with Chief Justice that aims to end systemic discrimination and learn about issues in their commu- Martha Walters in her tireless efforts to and implicit bias and improve diversity nities and how the bar can help address advocate — with our members, the busi- in our bar. The OSB’s Diversity Advisory them. ness community and our state legislators Council is charged with implementing and This year, one of my goals was to reach — for the importance of passing a budget monitoring the DAP and has been doing out into our communities and visit with that would adequately fund our judiciary. so diligently since the plan’s inception. bars we have not visited in a while. For
40 OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN • DECEMBER 2019 two of the nine federally recognized tribes in Oregon. In the summer, we met with the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs and in the fall with the Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde. I was humbled and honored to talk with tribal representatives and to learn about the rich history of these sov- ereign nations. There are many opportunities for the bar to partner with tribes in Oregon to better provide access to justice for all of our citizens while respecting each nation’s laws. Being able to have this direct expe- rience with tribal leaders as bar president was the highest honor, and I trust it will continue in future years.
2019 Civil Legal Needs Study Each year, the Oregon State Bar president and CEO travel throughout the state to meet with local The bar partnered this year with a va- bars and judges and learn about issues in their communities. Among this year’s stops: Burns, where riety of organizations to publish the Civil OSB President Christine Costantino (back row, third from left) and CEO Helen Hierschbiel (front row, Legal Needs Study2, which revealed some right) met with members of the Harney and Grant county bars. sobering but not surprising results. For ex- ample, the study showed, we continue to meet the needs of only 15 percent of the roughly 800,000 Oregonians who qualify for legal aid services. While I was in Eastern Oregon, I vis- ited the legal aid office in Ontario. I was moved by the dedication of the five people in that office who serve an enormous re- gion of our state with limited resources. While I did not need to be reminded of the important work that is done by the le- gal aid offices throughout our state, I was humbled by their spirit and the dedication with which they do their jobs. One of the bar’s legislative priorities in 2019 was to improve state funding for legal aid. Since 2011, the statutory alloca- tion for legal aid has remained static. This Oregon State Bar President Christine Costantino (left) interviews Oregon Supreme Court Chief Jus- legislative session brought a new biannual tice Martha Walters at the City Club of Portland’s Friday Forum, where they talked about court fund- funding increase for civil legal aid ser- ing, access to justice and other issues facing the state’s legal community. vices. This, along with the cy pres award we received from the BP litigation, will example, it had been double-digit years What I learned is that we are a bar of go a long way toward stabilizing and ex- since we were in Hermiston, Heppner or hard-working and dedicated attorneys and panding legal aid services to low-income McMinnville. This summer, I was proud judges who seek to serve our clients and the Oregonians. to visit with our colleagues in Jefferson, public as best we can. We agree there is a Crook, Harney, Malheur, Baker, Union, great need for affordable legal services and Of course, we must all do more to in- Morrow, Hood River and Wasco coun- for more attorneys to practice in the farther crease the availability of legal services to ties; this fall, we ventured to Columbia, reaches of our state. The bar remains com- all Oregonians. This is an access-to-justice Clatsop, Tillamook, Lincoln, Linn, Ben- mitted to helping in these efforts. problem that cannot be solved by the bar ton, Yamhill and Polk counties. We were alone. It will take the bar, our members, shown great hospitality and enjoyed lots of Oregon Tribes our law schools, our government and our good, constructive conversations about the As part of my goal to visit communi- communities working together to make state of our bar. ties across the state, I was able to meet with any significant improvement in this area.
DECEMBER 2019 • OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN 41 OSB President Christine Costantino and other Oregonians traveled to Washington, D.C., in April to talk about access-to-justice issues with lawmakers and federal officials. From left: Campaign for Equal Justice Executive Director Maya Crawford, CEJ Board Member Ed Harnden, Costantino, OSB Public Affairs Director Susan Grabe and Oregon Law Center Executive Director Monica Goracke.
In Conclusion us well-informed and whose dedication to As this year comes to an end, I remain the success of the board and bar has made Oregon lawyers hopeful that we will continue to do the my job truly rewarding. n good work of this unified bar; that we as standing up members will find ways to collaborate Oregon State Bar President Christine R. for justice. with each other to try to decrease the bar- Costantino is a partner at Samuels Yoelin riers to justice; that we as members can Kantor, where her practice focuses on family increase the number of Oregonians who law, guardianships and conservatorships, receive affordable legal services; that we and trust and estate litigation. Reach her at act toward each other with civility and [email protected]. professionalism, even when we disagree; and that we will diversify and end system- ENDNOTES ic discrimination within our bar. 1. See my article, “Breaking Down Barriers,” in the June 2019 issue of the Bulletin. No bar president can do this job suc- 2. The full study, including methodology, is cessfully on her own. I will be eternally available online at olf.osbar.org/LNS. www.cej-oregon.org grateful to my very hard-working Board of Governors and to the bar staff, who keep
42 OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN • DECEMBER 2019 Education & Research Need more credits by Dec. 31? CLE Seminars and Legal Publications OSB CLE can help.
You’ll find on-demand seminars CLE Seminars and MP3 downloads in more than 40 practice areas when Lunch and Learn you search the catalog at www.osbar.org/seminars Ethics: Civility Matters Thursday, Dec.12, Noon–1 p.m. at the OSB Center Questions or need help with CLE credits: 1 ethics | EMC19 registration? Contact the CLE Seminars team — we’re here Upcoming Seminars to help you. Feb. 7 (503) 431-6413 Juvenile Law (800) 452-8260, ext. 413 Feb. 14 [email protected] Intellectual Property www.osbar.org/cle Feb. 28-29 27th Annual Litigation Institute & Retreat
Register for all seminars and search the full catalog at www.osbar.org/seminars
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Preorder and view the full catalog at www.osbar.org/publications or contact the order desk for help: (503) 431-6413.
DECEMBER 2019 • OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN 43 BAR NEWS
Four Elected to Seats on Board of Governors Four new members have been elected to the OSB Board of Governors for terms that will begin on Jan. 1, 2020 and end on Dec. 31, 2023. The new members include: • Region 5 (two open seats): Jo- seph E. Piucci, a partner at Piucci Law in Portland; and Adrian Lee Brown, an assistant U.S. attorney in Portland; • Region 6 (one open seat): Ryan Hunt, a shareholder with Garrett Hemann Robertson in Salem; and • Region 8 (one open seat): Rob Milesnick, an attorney with his own firm in Vancouver, Wash. In addition, Anne Marie Graham has been appointed by the BOG to serve as a public member. Graham was the head of U.S. facilities for Solarworld before retir- ing in 2010; she is also a former Redmond city councilor. For more information, go to osbar.org/ leadership/bog.
Changes to Bar Rules of Procedure Approved The Oregon Supreme Court has ap- proved several amendments to the Bar Rules of Procedure (BRs) that became effective on Dec. 1. In addition to an increase in the number of Disciplinary Board members serving in Region 4 (BR 2.4), the revisions also update rules re- lated to formal reinstatement (BR 8.1, BR 8.8 and BR 8.12). The amendments provide that ap- plicants who are seeking formal rein- statement to the bar after engaging in misconduct must demonstrate character reformation prior to reinstatement. This showing is already required by exist- ing caselaw. See In re Griffith, 323 Or 99 (1996). The amendments clarify the ap- plicable formal reinstatement standards and related procedures. To read a redlined version of the changes, visit osbar.org and look under the News and Events section.
44 OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN • DECEMBER 2019 Avoid Administrative or Financial Suspension Over the past year, the bar has seen a high number of suspensions of active bar licenses for failure to complete regula- tory requirements, such as payment of bar membership fees, PLF assessments and IOLTA and MCLE reporting. Rachel Edwards, a practice manage- ment attorney for the PLF, offers these suggestions for avoiding the hassle that comes with late fees, suspensions, addi- tional discipline for unauthorized practice and other rule violations, and the process of seeking reinstatement: • Keep the bar (osbar.org) and PLF (osbplf.org) domain names on your “safe senders” list. Bar and PLF regulatory notices are only sent by email. To ensure these emails aren’t moved to your spam or junk email folder, add both do- main names to your “safe senders” list. If your program doesn’t allow for “safe senders,” be sure to check your spam or junk folders regularly. • Calendar regulatory deadlines. Annual regulatory notices are sent out beginning in November, and deadlines begin in January. Keep an eye out for the emails and cal- endar the due dates immediately, preferably as recurring events every year. And don’t wait until the last minute to complete the require- ments. • Take extra precautions when transitioning between jobs or changing your email address. Be sure to update your bar directory information immediately. That is the email address the bar and PLF will use for notices. This is espe- cially important if you are making a change when a regulatory deadline is approaching. • Review your bar member dash- board and directory periodically. The bar member dashboard — the home page you see when you log in with your bar number and pass- word — lists your regulatory re- quirements. Check the dashboard periodically to be sure you are in compliance. Also check your bar member directory to verify that all contact information is accurate.
DECEMBER 2019 • OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN 45 Here are the bar and PLF regulatory you have 60 days before you are requirements for 2020: suspended (annual suspension • Bar membership fees date is March 16). Timing may Deadline: Jan. 31 vary depending on your payment Late fees: $100 for active members schedule and other circumstances, such as resuming practice midyear. and $50 for inactive, retired and Late fees: $100-per-month late pro bono members, added to the payment charge if payment is not membership fee on Feb. 1 for mem- received at the PLF by the default bers who don’t pay before Jan. 31. date (annual default date is Jan. Suspension: If not paid by April 1, 10). The default date may vary de- suspension begins April 2. pending on your payment schedule • IOLTA annual reporting and other circumstances. Deadline: Jan. 31 Suspension: If not reported by OLF Donation Honors April 1, suspension begins April 2. Judge David Schuman • MCLE reporting In honor of the late Judge David Schuman, the Oregon Law Foundation Deadline: All credits must be com- has made a $5,000 donation to the Op- pleted by midnight on Dec. 31 of portunities for Law in Oregon (OLIO) the reporting period. Your com- program. Judge Schuman, a widely re- pleted compliance report must be spected jurist and longtime law professor electronically certified and submit- at the University of Oregon, died Oct. 8 ted no later than 5 p.m. on Jan. 31. at the age of 70. Note: 2019 MCLE reporters must “The Oregon State Bar Diversity & complete the new mental health/ Inclusion Department is thankful to the substance use credit require- Oregon Law Foundation,” says D&I Ex- ment; many CLE providers offer ternal Coordinator Hugo Gonzalez Ven- programs accredited for mental egas, “for recognizing a tireless advocate health/substance use credit, and in Judge Schuman, who worked toward a the bar offers this program on more just Oregon.” its website for free on demand. Company and firm administrators Judge Schuman was a member of the may manage the MCLE transcripts Oregon Law Foundation board and an ardent supporter of OLIO, which is de- of attorneys in their organization; signed to recruit and retain diverse legal administrators can add, edit and talent in Oregon and increase the diver- delete credits, but attorneys them- sity of the OSB. selves must log on to their Member Dashboard and electronically certi- “When I served with him on the Or- fy and submit their own MCLE re- egon Court of Appeals for six years,” Or- ports by the Jan. 31, 2020, deadline. egon Attorney General Ellen Rosenblum For more information, visit the noted in nominating Judge Schuman for MCLE Home page on the bar’s the 2014 Frohnmayer Award for Public website or call (503) 431-6368. Service, “I found him to be engaging, Suspension: If you are sent a no- prolific, judicious and a wonderful men- tor to clerks, externs and colleagues. He tice of noncompliance and the has also quietly done remarkable work noncompliance is not cured by the with programs for minority law students, deadline specified in the notice, including OLIO.” the MCLE program manager shall recommend to the Supreme Court For more information about OLIO, that you be suspended from mem- visit osbar.org/diversity. n bership in the bar (see OSB MCLE Rules and Regulations, Rule 7). • PLF assessment or request for exemption Annual deadline: Jan. 10. If you fail to pay your PLF assessment or fail to file a proper exemption,
46 OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN • DECEMBER 2019 Protect Your Clients, Protect Your Case, Protect Yourself
THE IMPORTANCE OF HIRING A QUALIFIED STENOGRAPHIC COURT REPORTER:
Stenographers undergo specialized training and complete courses in court and deposi�on procedures, English, legal, and medical terminology Stenographers achieve ad�anced cer��ca�ons Stenographers can provide instantaneous (CSR, RPR, RMR, CRR) and complete con�nuing readbac�s� rough dra�s� e�pedited� and�or educa�on to keep current with the latest same‐day cer��ed transcripts, and offer technology and industry standards real�me transla�on, the most advanced technology to provide readable text Cer�fied court reporters are regulated, immediately to par�es both onsite and those accountable to the public and the courts, a�ending remotely operate under ethical guidelines, and are governed by a Code of Professional Conduct Unlike digital audio files, stenographic notes are not �ulnerable to manipula�on
Only state�cer��ed stenographers can legall� administer oaths over the telephone to �acilitate remote deposi�ons
Make sure your �o�ce o� �eposi�on indicates tes�mony will be taken by a stenographic court reporter BAR ACTIONS
the forms. In response, the client termi- The stipulation recited that, while Discipline nated Schocket, demanding an account- Schocket has no prior discipline, his con- ing, a refund of the unused retainer and duct was aggravated by a pattern of mis- Note: More than 15,000 people are eli- any completed forms. Schocket did not conduct and multiple offenses. gible to practice law in Oregon. Some of respond or provide anything to the client. NAME WITHHELD them share the same name or similar In response to questions about how names. All discipline reports should be he informed the client of the increased Petition for reciprocal read carefully for names, addresses and scope of work, Schocket swore during the discipline denied bar numbers. bar’s deposition that he had multiple tele- By order dated July 31, 2019, the dis- phone conversations with the client. No MICHAEL SCHOCKET ciplinary board adjudicator denied the such calls had previously been mentioned, Oregon State Bar’s petition for reciprocal OSB #121697 were reflected in his billing or referenced discipline in a case originating in Arizona. Portland in email communications. Schocket also The Respondent had represented the 6-month suspension; formal asserted that he filled out the vast majori- father in a family law dispute involving reinstatement required ty of information in the forms, even where an infant. The father believed that the Effective Oct. 14, 2019, the disci- the handwriting was clearly the client’s. mother, with the help of her parents, had plinary board approved a stipulation for In a second matter, Schocket was kidnapped the infant. discipline suspending Portland attorney hired by a client (“husband”) to seek In an attempt to locate the mother Michael Schocket for six months for enforcement of a divorce decree regard- and infant, Respondent gave mother’s violations of RPC 1.3 (neglect); RPC ing spousal support provisions and stock and grandparents’ personal identifying 1.4(a) & (b) (inadequate client commu- options. Husband had no contact in- information, without their knowledge or nication); RPC 1.5(a) (excessive fee); formation for his ex-wife, and did not consent, to an acquaintance who worked RPC 1.15-1(a) & (c) (safeguarding client know whether she had counsel. Schocket for a bank. The acquaintance used the funds); RPC 1.15-1(d) (duty to account agreed to communicate with the ex-wife information to run credit reports on the for and deliver property); RPC 1.16(d) or her attorney, and to seek relief in court. mother and grandparents, and provided (duty to return file and refund unearned Although Schocket drafted and filed that information to Respondent. Re- fees upon termination); RPC 8.1(a)(1) an enforcement motion, he did not make spondent used the information to iden- (knowing false statements to the bar); any efforts to serve it and took no other tify financial institutions to subpoena for and RPC 8.4(a)(3) (misrepresentation). action on behalf of his client for at least documents that might reveal the mother’s The stipulation requires Schocket to seek 18 months. At some point, the client no- whereabouts. formal reinstatement under BR 8.1 when tified Schocket that his ex-wife was rep- Respondent and the Arizona Bar he is eligible to do so. resented by one or more attorneys at a lo- stipulated that Respondent negligently Schocket’s misconduct arose in con- cal law firm. In response to later inquiries believed that Respondent did not need nection with two separate matters. from his client, Schocket represented that mother’s or grandparents’ permission to In one matter, Schocket was paid a he had already called and left messages use their personal information to obtain retainer to complete court-provided forms with the firm but had heard nothing in re- their credit reports. Respondent and the to obtain a modification of parenting time sponse. There is no record that Schocket Arizona Bar also stipulated that Respon- by a client who was shortly to move out of left any messages or otherwise communi- dent violated Arizona Rule of Profes- state. Schocket represented that he could cated with anyone at the law firm. sional Conduct (RPC) 4.4(a), which complete the documents within a day for Schocket later assured his client that prohibits a lawyer from using methods less than the retainer paid. Schocket did he was mailing a letter to the firm that to obtain evidence that violate another’s not deposit the retainer in his lawyer trust day, but the firm never received any letter rights; and Arizona RPC 8.4(a)(4), which account. from Schocket. When Schocket’s client prohibits an attorney from engaging in Upon his receipt of the forms, Schock- requested a copy of the letter, Schocket conduct prejudicial to the administration et immediately determined that it would represented that he had already mailed a of justice. take significantly more time to complete hard copy to him, but the client never re- Respondent agreed to the imposition them than the retainer would cover, but ceived the letter. In response to the bar’s of an admonition, and to pay $1,200 in he did not notify the client before pro- request, Schocket provided a plain-paper, costs. ceeding. Instead, Schocket requested ad- unsigned draft letter and said he had sent In Oregon, the adjudicator found that ditional funds 10 days later to complete the letter to the ex-wife’s law firm. the conduct for which the Arizona Bar
48 OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN • DECEMBER 2019 disciplined Respondent should not sub- ject Respondent to discipline in Oregon. Oregon RPC 4.4(a) requires that the at- torney act “knowingly” in using improper methods to obtain evidence, whereas Arizona’s rule has no mental-state re- quirement. Because Respondent acted negligently, the adjudicator found that the conduct did not violate Oregon RPC 4.4(a) or RPC 8.4(a)(4).
MARK KRAMER OSB #814977 Portland Public reprimand Effective Sept. 27, 2019, the disciplin- ary board accepted a stipulation for dis- cipline and publically reprimanded Port- land attorney Mark Kramer for violation of RPC 1.6(a). In 2018, Kramer sent an email intend- ed for one attorney — including letters from his client’s physicians — to a differ- ent attorney. Kramer admitted that by doing so, he revealed information relating to the representation of his client without the client’s consent and when there was no implied authorization for the disclo- sure in order to carry out the representa- tion, in violation of RPC 1.6(a). The stipulation said Kramer’s conduct THANK YOU was aggravated by one prior disciplinary offense and his substantial experience AND BEST WISHES practicing law, but was mitigated by the absence of a dishonest or selfish motive, a CAROL BERNICK! timely good faith effort to rectify the con- sequences of his misconduct, full and free disclosure during the disciplinary investi- On behalf of the Professional Liability Fund gation, and remorse. and Oregon lawyers, we thank you for your excellent work as Chief Executive O cer of MAREESA M. ELMQUIST the PLF and we wish you well in your next OSB #990463 endeavors. Portland We would like to express our appreciation Public reprimand for your fi ve years of leadership at the helm of our organization and for maintaining the Effective Sept. 27, 2019, the disci- PLF as a stable, a ordable and high-quality plinary board approved a stipulation for source of coverage for Oregon lawyers. discipline publicly reprimanding Mareesa You will be greatly missed, and as you move Elmquist for violations of RPC 5.5(a) on to use your talents in other meaningful (unauthorized practice of law); RPC 7.1 ways, we wish you continued happiness and (misleading communication about the success. lawyer); and ORS 9.160(1) (practicing law or representing oneself as qualified to practice law while not an active member of the bar). In January 2017, Elmquist sought and obtained an exemption from PLF coverage
DECEMBER 2019 • OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN 49 Thankyou_CAROL_BERNICK_BULLETIN_nov2019_size_1-3square.indd 1 11/8/2019 2:49:41 PM on the basis that she was a full-time em- ployee of a corporation and not engaged in the private practice of law. At the time, Elmquist did periodic contract work for a business entity, but did not hold an in- house counsel position that qualified for OMLA’s 20th Annual Summer Social & PLF exemption. Elmquist maintained her corporate exemption status for all of 2017. Fundraising Auction Accordingly, she was not permitted to en- Many thanks to all of our donors who helped us gage in the private practice of law during that year. raise $22,571.85 to provide bar exam grants to However, during 2017, an acquain- minority law school graduates! tance sought Elmquist’s advice in con- nection with his ongoing divorce. On his Special Thanks To Our Event Sponsor behalf, Elmquist drafted a letter on sta- tionery that identified Elmquist as an at- torney at law, and in which she indicated that she was working with him and asked to be contacted regarding the status of his retirement benefits. Elmquist’s conduct was aggravated by Special Recognition Kehoe Law Marine Discovery Tours multiple offenses and substantial experi- Donors Lindsay Hart Neil & Weigler McMenamin’s Headquarters Paulson Coletti My Vice Catering ence in the practice of law. In mitigation, OMLA Benefactors Elmquist had no prior discipline, did not ($1000 or more) Samuels Yoelin Kantor Noble Estate Tasting Room act with a selfish motive and cooperated Ball Janik, LLP Tomasi Salyer Martin Oaks Parks Association with the bar. Klarquist Sparkman, LLP Multnomah Bar Association Old Market Pub & Brew OAPABA Oregon Ballet Theatre Miller Nash Graham & DOUGLAS V. OSBORNE Dunn LLP OFALA Oregon Duck Store OSB Constitutional Law Section OSB Nonprofit Organizations Oregon Shakespeare Festival OSB #721895 OSB Diversity & Inclusion Law Section Oregon Symphony Klamath Falls OSB CLE Seminars Department Oregon Zoo Public reprimand OSB Government Law Section Corporate, Firm & Patricia Price OMLA Patrons Individual Donors Pittock Mansion By order dated Oct. 4, 2019, the dis- ($500 to $999) A&J Orchards Portland Trail Blazers ciplinary board approved a stipulation for Bullivant Houser Bailey Anastasia Meisner Pumpkin Ridge Golf Club discipline publicly reprimanding Douglas Davis Wright Tremaine Anastasia Salon Quail Valley Golf Course V. Osborne for a violation of RPC 1.15- Dunn Carney Artistic Bliss Portraits RedTail Golf Center 1(d) (duty to provide accounting prompt- Harrang Long Gary Beaches Restaurant & Bar River’s Edge Hotel and Spa ly upon request). Rode Dispute Resolution Rudnick P.C. BOSS Osborne’s client requested an ac- Salishan Spa & Golf Resort Lane Powell Broadway Rose Theatre Co. counting in April 2017, but Osborne did Perkins Coie Salty’s on the Columbia Buel’s Impression Printing not provide the accounting until July Stoel Rives Seattle Seahawks Chinook Winds 2018. Osborne’s delay in accounting to Tonkon Torp CoHo Theatre Trader Joe’s his client constituted a violation of RPC OSB Alternative Dispute Columbia Sportswear Co. Ultrazone Resolution Section DIFF Charitable Eyewear Village Family Dental 1.15-1(d). OSB Appellate Practice Section Emerald Law - Patrick Melendy Vista Balloon Adventure According to the stipulation, Os- OSB Civil Rights Section Enchanted Forest Wildlife Safari borne’s conduct was aggravated by his OSB Diversity Section Escape From New York Pizza Willamette Valley Vineyards refusal to acknowledge his wrongful con- OSB Juvenile Law Section Fiddler’s Green Golf Course Wilsonville Family Fun Center duct and his substantial experience in the Wright Family Foundation OSB Securities Regulation Firesteed Cellars practice of law. It was mitigated by the Section Garnish Apparel Yoshida, Miyuki OSB Workers Compensation fact that Osborne had no prior disciplin- Helle Rode Event Coordinator Section ary record, did not have a dishonest or Imago Theatre selfish motive, and was cooperative with OMLA Friend King Estate Winery the proceedings. n ($250 to $499) Lan Su Chin. Garden Albies & Stark LLC Le Bistro Montage Bennett Hartman Morris Leslie Hand Painted Glass & Kaplan
50 OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN • DECEMBER 2019 2019 volunteer bar committee and section chairs. Your time, leadership and expertise are appreciated.
COMMITTEES State Lawyers Assistance Civil Rights Indian Law Advisory Committee on Edward B. Versteeg Guillermo Ramos Jessie D. Young Diversity & Inclution Uniform Jury Constitutional Law Intellectual Property Kasia E. Rutledge Instructions-Civil Roger J. DeHoog Ian D. Gates Jeffrey Sherwin Young Bar Press Broadcasters Construction Law International Law Council Uniform Jury Tyler James Storti Merril A. Keane Therese Bottomly Instructions-Criminal Anna E. Belais Consumer Law Juvenile Law Bulletin Editorial Matthew S. Kirkpatrick Kristen P. Farnworth Advisory Committee Unlawful Practice of Law Judith A. Parker Mary Ellen Briede Corporate Counsel Labor & Employment Elliott P. Dale Clarence M. Belnavis Client Security Fund Douglas Jordan Stamm SECTIONS Criminal Law Litigation Administrative Law Donna Brecker Maddux Kimberly Anne SY Stuart Legal Ethics Cortney D. Duke-Driessen Justin M. Thorp Debtor-Creditor Military and Veterans Law Admiralty Britta E. Warren Ross Neher Legal Heritage David R. Boyajian Darsee Staley Disability Law New Lawyers Division Agricultural Law Risa M. Davis Joel D. Sturm Legal Services Sally Anderson Hansell Sara Kobak Diversity Nonprofit Alternative Dispute Rebecca Ann Ivanoff Organizations Law Loan Repayment Assistance Resolution Scott O. Pratt Alan A. Rappleyea Elder Law Tegan Schlatter Darin J. Dooley Products Liability Minimum Continuing Animal Law R Brendan Dummigan Legal Education Energy Telecom & Rajesh Reddy John R. Mellgren Utility Law Real Estate & Land Use Anti-Trust, Trade Reg & Timothy L. McMahan Laura Craska Cooper Pro Bono Unfair Bus Practices Natalie A. Hedman Environmental & Nat Securities Regulation Kaley Louise Fendall Resources Tiffany Hendrix Blackmon Caroline Smith Appellate Practice Kate LaRiche Moore Procedure & Practice Solo & Small Firm Derek Douglas Green Estate Planning & Admin Faith Marie Morse Hertsel Shadian Aviation Law Philip N. Jones Professionalism Sustainable Future Commission Roderick A. Boutin Family Law Courtney B. Johnson Stephanie F. Wilson Joseph L. Franco Business Law Taxation Public Service Advisory Valerie Sasaki Government Law Heather Anne Marie Kmetz Douglas M. McGeary Jovanna L. Patrick Business Litigation Technology Law Quality of Life Shannon Lea Armstrong Health Law Leigh Francis Gill Robert E. Sinnott Michelle A. Ryan Cannabis Law Workers Compensation Sarah L. Bimber 2019Perry N. Salzhauer Katherine M. Caldwell BAR PEOPLE
achievements of attorneys who have international law, Among worked in the defense community and American Indian those who have made important contri- economic devel- butions to the administration of justice. opment, Native Ourselves American natural Iván Resendiz Harry Wilson, a resources and civil Gutierrez of Miller shareholder with procedure. He is an Nash Graham & Markowitz Her- enrolled citizen of Dunn has been bold, has been the Eastern Shaw- elected to serve on recognized as the nee Tribe. Miller the board of the 2019 Samuel C. joined ASU Law in 2013; prior to that, Wheeler Freedom Oregon Chapter of he was on the faculty of Lewis & Clark Award winner by the Federal Bar As- Law School for 14 years. De Paul Treatment sociation. The local Centers, which is chapter of the FBA Wally Van Valken- one of Oregon’s oldest and largest provid- is a vital source of educational program- burg of Stoel Rives ers of residential and outpatient chemical ming and an important connection with has been appoint- dependency treatment. Wilson has served the federal bench in Oregon. Board mem- ed by Gov. Kate as the board chair for De Paul for the past bers help produce the chapter newsletter, Brown to the Port- four years. The award is given to those design relevant educational programs and land State Univer- who help battle the stigma of addiction create valuable networking opportunities sity Board of Trust- by sharing their stories of recovery and for chapter members. Resendiz Gutier- ees. The Oregon giving back to the community in mean- rez is also an active member of the FBA’s Senate approved ingful ways. Diversity & Inclusion Committee, which his appointment aims to expand and foster a diverse and on Sept. 18. The 15-member volunteer Leonard Duboff, founder of The inclusive legal community. board is responsible for the governance Duboff Law Group, has been a featured of the university. Members serve on one speaker at a pair of recent conferences. OSB Immediate of three standing committees, which per- In late October, Duboff presented on in- Past President Van- form much of the work undertaken by tellectual property, including copyright, essa Nordyke has the board. Van Valkenburg will serve as a trademark and patent updates, at a con- been appointed member of the finance and administration ference for the Association for Educa- to the Salem City committee. tional Communications and Technology. Council to fill a In late November, Duboff traveled to Bei- vacancy created by Jovita Wang, a jing, China, to serve as keynote speaker the departure of for- partner at Rich- for the world’s first international confer- mer Councilor Sally ardson Wright, has ence on art law. Cook, whose term been selected by expires on Dec. 31, 2020. Nordyke, who the National Asian Longtime Port- was born and raised in Salem, previously Pacific American land attorney served on the City of Salem’s Youth Ad- Bar Association as Susan Elizabeth visory Commission, Social Services Ad- one of this year’s Reese has been se- visory Board, Community Police Review Best Lawyers Un- lected to receive Board and Citizen Budget Committee. der 40. The award the Ken Morrow recognizes talented individuals in the Lifetime Achieve- Professor Robert J. Miller has been Asian Pacific American legal community ment Award by the named the Willard H. Pedrick Distin- who are under the age of 40 and who have Oregon Criminal guished Research Scholar at the Sandra achieved prominence and distinction in Defense Lawyers Day O’Connor College of Law at Ari- their respective fields. Association. She is the 17th recipient of zona State University. The scholarship the organization’s most prestigious award, is named after the founding dean of the John Clarke of Miller Nash Graham which was created in 2000 to recognize law school. Miller’s areas of expertise are & Dunn recently was elected to serve a the lifelong commitment and significant federal Indian law, American Indians and two-year term on the board of directors
52 OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN • DECEMBER 2019 of the U.S. District Court of Oregon Historical Society. The group is a vol- Planning a Vacation? unteer-run organi- zation whose board Check out Bulletin classified ads comprises lawyers, for vacation rentals, office space, judges and scholars positions available and more. who help manage the society’s affairs, advise on corporate decisions and help preserve the history of the U.S. District Court of Oregon. n Moves Welcome to the Team Shanelle Honda Introducing our newest attorneys has joined the Port- land office of Miller Nash Graham & Dunn. Honda con- MICK HARRIS tinues to focus her Mick is an associate in our Business Department and a cum laude practice on litiga- graduate from Willamette University College of Law. Prior to joining us, tion and insur- Mick worked in our summer program, as a summer law clerk for Mercy ance recovery. She Corps, and as a judicial extern at the Oregon Court of Appeals. spent the past four years in private practice with a Portland- based firm. Previously, Honda served as a DANNY NEWMAN judicial clerk for nearly two years at the Multnomah County Circuit Court for the Danny is an associate in our Litigation Department and Bankruptcy & Hon. Jerome E. LaBarre. Creditor Rights group. He joined us after completing a clerkship at the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit. Danny earned his J.D. from Northwestern University School of Law. Danny is licensed by the State Bar of Texas and is applying to the Oregon Bar through reciprocity. Have an Item for the Bulletin? FERDINAND RUPLIN Ferdie is an associate in our Business, Financial Services, and Cannabis The Bulletin welcomes short items Industry groups. Before joining our firm, he worked at Green Light about Oregon lawyers and law firms Law Group, helping clients in the cannabis industry with corporate for the Bar People pages of the maga- and regulatory matters. Ferdie is a cum laude graduate of Fordham zine. Notices are published at no cost. University School of Law. Email notices to: [email protected] Submissions are subject to editing and TIMOTHY WRIGHT published in the order received. The Bulletin publishes photographs Tim is an associate in our Litigation Department. Prior to joining us, he (single headshots only) in “Moves” served as a judicial law clerk at the Oregon Court of Appeals. During his and “Among Ourselves” and “In two-year clerkship, Tim worked on a number of civil, administrative, Memoriam.” The fee is $20 for each and criminal appeals. Tim is a graduate of the University of Oregon photograph. The notice itself is free. School of Law. Paid professional announcements are also available. Inquire at [email protected]. 503.802.2024 Questions? Call the Bulletin, (503) 431-6356 or (800) 452-8260, tonkon.com ext. 356.
DECEMBER 2019 • OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN 53 Brownstein Rask Reach your target audience has announced that Lisa Alan has with advertising in the OSB Bulletin. been named part- ner. Alan joined Display and Marketplace Ads the Portland firm in Ben Oerther | [email protected] | (503) 445-2226 2015 and handles the majority of the Lawyer Announcements & Classifieds firm’s trusts and es- Spencer Glantz | [email protected] | (503) 431-6356 tates matters. She focuses her practice on estate, business and charitable planning, and business and real estate transactions.
Giulia Rogers has joined Gordon & Polscer as an associate attorney focusing Vial Fotheringham LLP is proud to announce our on insurance coverage and defense. Prior to joining the firm, which has offices in NEWEST PARTNER Portland and Seattle, Rogers served as a ju- Kyle Grant dicial clerk for the Hon. Karin J. Immergut. VF Law Partners are an integral part of James R. Hud- firm management & development. dleston has joined Evashevski Elliott The existing Partners look forward as an associate of to welcoming Kyle the firm, which has to the team. offices in Albany and Corvallis. His practice will focus Practice: on family law, per- Condo | HOA Association Representation sonal injury and civil litigation. Real Estate Transactions and Development Kevin S. Mapes VIALFOTHERINGHAMLLP Business Formation For more information visit: vf-law.com and Consultation has joined Bate- man Seidel Miner Blomgren Chellis & Gram, bringing with him more than 25 years of experi- ence in state and federal courts in Oregon, Washing- ton and California. He represents plain- tiffs and defendants in business disputes involving commercial lending, partner- ship disputes, general contract matters, construction disputes and commercial real estate disputes, as well as environmental litigation. At Bateman Seidel, Mapes also will continue to represent policyholders in insurance coverage disputes.
Brad Avakian has announced the opening of Avakian Mediation and Arbi- tration. Avakian completed his third term as Oregon’s commissioner of labor and in- dustries this year after serving in the Or- egon House and Senate. Before his public
54 OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN • DECEMBER 2019 SAVE THE DATE! service, Avakian litigated and medi- ated employment, labor and civil rights cases in state and federal trial courts and adminis- trative agencies. Friday-Saturday, Feb. 28-29, 2020 Skamania Lodge, Stevenson, WA Kali Jensen is the Register now at www.osbar.org/seminars newest estate plan- (search for LI20) ning associate with Gevurtz Menashe. She will continue handling wills and Hoevet Olson Howes, PC attorney revocable trusts, es- Per C. Olson was recently recognized by tate and gift taxes, Best Lawyers as the 2020 “Lawyer of probate, asset pro- tection planning the Year” for Criminal Defense: General and beneficiary and trustee representation Practice in the Portland-OR area. for clients with legal matters in Oregon and Washington. Jensen is also the chair of the Ambassadors’ Council for the Or- Only a single lawyer in each practice area and designated egon Humane Society. metropolitan area is honored as the “Lawyer of the Year,” making this accolade particularly significant. Yazmin Wadia, an attorney for In addition to the “Lawyer of the Year” award, Per C. Olson was the Oregon Crime also listed in the 2020 Edition of The Best Lawyers in America in Victims Law Cen- the following practice areas: Criminal Defense: White-Collar ter, has received the Judge Herrell Award for Direct Service to Victims from the Mult- www.hoevetlaw.com nomah County Family Violence Coordinating Council. The award recognizes those whose work has contributed to improving the safety of survivors of domestic violence and their families in Multnomah County. Wadia has been with OCVLC since 2015, fo- cusing primarily on representing victims of domestic violence and sexual assault throughout Oregon.
Anastasia Yu Meisner is the new- est partner at Samuels Yoelin Kantor. Her practice focuses on estate planning, mediation, probate, trust and estate ad- ministration. She also serves as pro bono counsel for the Korean American Coali- tion of Oregon and was appointed pro tem judge for the Washington County Probate Department. Nicholas Rogers has also joined Samuels Yoelin Kantor, as an as- sociate. Rogers recently graduated from Lewis & Clark School of Law, where he was the student liaison for the New Tax
DECEMBER 2019 • OREGON STATE BAR BULLETIN 55 AT T Lawyer Committee of the Oregon State O Bar Taxation Section. His practice will Loca Bars focus on taxation and estate planning.