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Planning Jlistory ~' ., ~ . ,.. ... ./ ~· ': Bulletin of the ~ , . Plaml\ng History GrouP ···-- . '· ' .. ,1' f .., ,· ·• .... ... • .. .. V" ~. • · -•l • . I Vol. 12 No: 2 · . , 1990 t' 4, , A .. Planning History Bulletin of the Contents Planning History Group 1 ISS 0959 - 5805 EDITORIAL ............................... ~ ..· ················-····~ -- ------················· ········ ···· ···-·-········"···················· · ··············--·· ···· ····~·········-·-········-···········-··----- 2 Editor NOTICES Professor Dennis Hardy 3 School of Geography and Planning ARTICLES Middle ex Polytechnic Margarethenhohe Essen: Garden City, Workers' Colony or Satellite Town? ............ 3 Queens way Enfield Ursula v. Petz Middlesex Garden Suburb Planners 1900-1914: A New Middle C lass Liberalism in Conflict E 3 4SF with the Centrally Governed Town Planning Tradition in Finland .............. ..... 10 Telephone 01-368 1299 Extn 2299 Laura Kolbe Telex 8954762 'Bolt-holes for Weekenders': The Press and the Cheap Cottages Fax Ol-805 0702 Exhibition, Letchworth Garden City 1905 ............... .............................. 17 Joe McGahey Associate Editor for the Americas Cities of Rubble to Cities in Greenery: Postwar Reconstruction Professor Marc A. Wei s Planning in Germany . ............................................................... 19 Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Jeffry M. Diefendorf Pre ervation Columbia University RESEARCH 27 -llOH Avery Hall ew York, 1 Y 10027 City Plans and their Implementation in 19th Century Greece ......................... 27 USA Vithleem Hastaoglou-Martinidis, Kiki Kafkoula, Nikos Pc1pamihos Associate Editor for the Pacific Transformations of Urban and Regional Space in Northern Greece Or Robert Freestone before and after 1912 .. .............................. ............................... 30 DC Research C. Hadjimihalis, N. Kalogirou, A. Ycrolym pos Design Collaborative Pty. Ltd. The Seaside Resort as an International Phenomenon: 225 Clarence Street A Bibliographical Note .............................................................. 34 Sydney SW 2000 Lynn F. Pearson Australia Landscaping Control ................................................................. 36 Warwick Mayne-Wilson Production Desig n: Steve Chilton REPORTS 37 Word Processing: Sandy Weeks Printing: Middlesex Polytechnic Print Centre Europa Nostra Awards for 1989 ....................................................... 37 Planning Histo ry is published three times a year NETWORKS 38 for distribution to members of the Planning Histo ry Group. The Group as a body i n ot Landscape Research Group ......... ...................... ........................... 38 responsible for the views expre cd and tatements made by individual ..v riting or PUBLICATIONS 40 reporting in Planning Hi tory. o part o f this publication may be reproduced in any form Abstracts ............................................................................ 40 without permission from the editor. Bibliography . ......................... ......................... ................... 41 Notes for Contributors PLANNING HISTORY GROUP 42 The prime aim of Planning History is to incrca e ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••0.... ''''''''''''''"'0.' '''""''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''"'''''''''''''''''''''"-''''-'''''"''"-"-""''""-"""""""""-~<• ... •u•••._o... ,..._,._._"0.'0.""''"'''''''""'"'''""''''"''"'''''"U'" •••••••••--• an awareness of d evelopments and ideas in Election of Executive Committee 1990-1992 ........................................... 42 planning history in all parts of the world. In PHG Executive Committee 1990-92 . .. .............. .............................. ... 42 pursuit of this aim, contributions arc invited Membership Report, August 1990 ............................... ...... .............. 43 from members and non-members alike for any section of the bulletin. Articles sho uld normall y not exceed 2500 words, and may well reflect work in progress. Photographs and other ill ustrations may be included. Contributions submitted on a disc, with accompanying hard copy, are to be encouraged; please contact the editor for format details. Planning History Vol. 12 No 2 Editorial Editorial The editorial for this issue was written on a train, From Lancashire and Cheshire, the train races travelling from Glasgow to London, a diagonal south-eastwards, a route that surprises visito rs for route across Britain that takes nearly six hours. It the sheer extent of open countryside. There arc is an evocative journey for a p lanning historian, of glimpses of motorways and cooling towers, but it fering a cross section throu gh time as well as place. is the sight of canals and church towers that sets Late-eigh teen th century industrial landscapes rest the scene in this stretch of middle England. Per alongside post-modern fa ntasies, towns change haps, though, this is all illusion, for soon one is in places with country, in a kaleidoscope of changing Milton Keynes, as symbolic of the new Britain as is images. Wigan of the old. A city built for the moto r age, for the consumer with more time for leisure than Glasgow Central is where it all starts, the nine for work, with nothing old about it except endur teenth-century structu re of the refurbished station ing new town ideals. Low-flung commercial build veneered with modern heritage architecture. The ings in primary colours, and award-wining technology of modern transport is new, of course, housing schemes typify what is on view . and t he station works hard to live up to the highly publicised image of its rejuvenated city. Full of The rest of the journey is brief. The rings which paradoxes but it all seems to work, and as the train Abercrombie drew in his wartime G reater London crosses the Clyde one is confronted with ample evi Plan still provide a means to find one's way dence of the rebirth of this former centre of manu through the landscape of the Home Counties and facturing. Further out, though, the drab housing into the metropolis. Through the neat cou ntrystde estates- a product of earlier ideals of suburban liv and prosperous towns of the Outer Country Rtng ing, thwarted by the reality of mean municipal bud and the Green Belt (the latter too narrow to be gets - serve as a r eminder that the rebirth of a city meaningful, but still effective in defining the physt has to extend well beyond its centre. cal edge of the capital as Abercrombie would have wished), across London's suburbs ( most of them Vacant industrial sites and the outline of the dating from the 1930s and now in the throes of doomed Ravenscraig steel works spell out the pres renewal and intensification), and so t o the inner ent fa te of the industrial towns to the south of Glas ci ty and Euston Station. London continues to pros gow, once centres of coal-mining, ironworks and per- if measured in terms of central area r edevelop engineering. Food for thought here, but the ment - but some of the high costs of this arc scenery has soon changed to that of the magnifi immediately apparent; Glasgow, one wonders, cent Southern Uplands, an unbroken race through might be more effectively pointing the way to the a the hills until the train stops briefly at Lockerbie, future. quiet town no longer in the glare of publicity. Then across the border, and through some delight Dennis Hardy ful stations, their red stone and decorative iron work set against a backcloth of the Pennines to the cast and Lake District to the west. Carlisle, Lancas ter and Preston mark out the route, fo llowed by a stop at Wigan, its name immortalised by Georgc Orwell and synonymous with the idea of a north ern industrial town. Still one can see a few remain ing red-brick mills, their tall chimney stacks no longer smoki ng; the coal mines have gone, and playing fields have replaced former workings. Wigan Pier (where coal was once tipped into canal barges) is now a heritage centre. Even nearby Crewe boasts a heritage attraction in a converted signal box, strategically placed near one of the great junctions of the railway age. 1 Planmng I hstory Vol 12 N o 2 Plannang Htstory Vol 12 No 2 Notices ~A~rt~ic~le=s----------------------------------------------------------------~~ Notices Articles The case s tudy is the ci ty of Essen in the Ruhr SECON D ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE INTERNA· INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CAMILLO SITTE: Margarethenhohe Essen: Area. Essen is one of those ci ties in Germany TIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE, which experienced in the course of the 19th cen_ TRADITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS, BER KELEY, USA, INSTITUTO UNIVERSITARIO Dl ARCHITETTURA, Garden City, Workers' tury a fundamental change from a sleepy awana~ 4-7 OCTOBER 1990 VENICE, 7·10 NOVEMBER 1990 town with an episcopal see and about 5000 mhabt Colony or Satellite Town? tants around 1820, to a coke-town with a popula The second conference of the International Associ· A three day international symposium has been or tion of more than 100,000 people around 1900. at ion fo r the Study of Traditional Environments ganised t o mark the centenary o f the publication of Two branches dominated the growth of the city of (IASTE) addressing the theme First World-Third Camillo Si tte's Der Stiidtebau nach seines Kunstleri· Ursula v. Petz Essen: north to the "medieval" town coal mining in World : Duality and Coincidence in Traditional Dwell schen Grundsiitzen. creasingly spread over the area, whereas in the Settlements will be held at