Chapter 2: Existing Conditions 35 INFRASTRUCTURE October 6, 2009 Lewis County Lewis Source: 2009 Burley and Guminiak and Burley Source: 2009 Study Water Waste Sanitary Table 18: Lewis County Community Water Systems LAN Table 19: Lewis County Centralized Waste Water Systems Capacity Systems Water Waste Centralized County Lewis 19: Table Source: 2009 Burley and Guminiak Comprehensive Public Water Supply Study Supply Water Public Comprehensive Guminiak and Burley Source: 2009 ten of the twelve public water supply systems in Lewis County have County Lewis in systems supply water Water and Sanitary Sewer public twelve the According to New YorkState Department Health(NYSDOH)of records, of has ten Lowville of Village The available capacity.include Notable exceptions 19). of Port Leyden Village the and 18 Tables during available capacity which exceed (see of Croghan and the Village flow peak of periods the greatest excess capacity in terms of actual supply,approximately with P 18.2% 9.6% 43.7% 13.7% 13.0% New York State (43,143 MW) (43,143 State York New 13.1% 20.8% OMPREHENSIVE 62.1% 4.1% Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration Information Energy Source: U.S. C Figure 16: Electricity Generation Capacity by Source, 2006 Source, by Capacity Generation Electricity 16: Figure Lewis County (519 MW) (519 County Lewis generated along St. Lawrence the River consumers. to downstate The other transmission corridors in part service localities within Lewis County, creating a loop of the Black River valley that services a majority from Croghan to Leyden. There are numerous transmission facilities located as seen on Map 10. county, throughout the has createdLewis County a Municipal Power Corporation that could potentially buy bulk electricity to provide directly to its citizens. The most recent feasibility study did notfind sufficient savingspotential in the purchase of Power Corporation. This opportunitybulk power by the should be revisited regularly as energy costs continue to fluctuate. The recent installation of a largepipeline from natural Canadiangas Gas by Iroquois productioncenter of the county fields south through the Transmission System the development (IGTS) has greatly expanded of commercial/domestic distributiongas within Lewis County. There are currently two natural gas service providers the county: within St. Lawrence Gas (SLG) and New York State Electric and Gas (NYSEG). SLG Town of New Bremen, Town of Croghan and the in the has franchises benefited Village of Croghan, while NYSEG in the has franchises Towns of Lowville, County Lewis of Lyonsdale and the Villages and Martinsburg, Turin, West Turin, instance, this Lowville, In Turin, and Lyons Falls. domestic installed NYSEG has also Lyonsdale. along New York State 12 from Lowville through Lyons Fallsservice Rte of Town the in and from between Canadian its location production facilities and the New Iroquois for the user major end is the York metropolitan which region, pipeline. OUNTY C (see Map 10) Algonquin Power, one facility on the Deer River and three on the on three and River Deer the on facility one Power, Moose the on two and River Algonquin Black the on MW; 4.25 totaling River facility Beaver one Energy, Kruger and, MW; 8.5 totaling River Moose FortisUS MW facility on the Energy Corporation, one 12.5 River. Brookfield , seven facilities on the Beaver River MW; 36.8 totaling NFRASTRUCTURE There are four primary transmission corridors within Lewis County. The Authority, Power New York is owned by the primary of these corridors supplyingand electricity the county from transects north to south, x x x In 2006, all electric generation facilities accounted for a total capacity of 518.9 Megawatts, percentor York of New 1.2 State’s total (see Figure 16). Power generated nationalat these locations power to the is fed grid and is not necessarily utilized locally. Known information four hydroelectric energy producersthe regarding Black Deer, within the county located along and Moose Beaver, the rivers, includes: x Electric service is by far the most ubiquitous utility throughout Lewis County. National Grid supplies electric service to most of the county, power with the Municipal of BoonvilleCommission Electric and Water several to home is County Lewis Department supplying electric service to the extreme Lewis. southern portions in and Leyden of towns the generation facilities, including thirteen hydroelectric facilities, one , two facilities. and Electricity It should be noted that the information on Map 10 represents locations 10 on Map that the information It should be noted maps, basedfor known infrastructure such as on available information GIS data, and personal from accounts municipal representatives. Due to the scale and breadth Plan, of this County Comprehensive it was impractical to research and depict the full extent of utility and infrastructure penetration within each municipality. I due primarily Utilities & Power services gas natural and sewer, Unlikesanitary urbanized its more counterparts, Lewis County lacks contiguous water, of networks to a small, populationsporadic coupled environmental with limitations. Lewis County’s low population densities require extensive infrastructure investments service to customers throughoutcounty. the This equates to higher overall service to costs consumers. This page intentionally left blank.

Reserve for Map 10. Chapter 2: Existing Conditions 37 INFRASTRUCTURE This program NEW YORK October 6, 2009 Lewis County Lewis LAN power in a one-hour period. According to William Moore of PPM- of When Moore year. per of William MW to 321 energy produce to of According MWh capacity the has 4,400 period. Farm Wind Ridge approx one-hour a Maple in The produce power will Atlantic Renewable, a typical MW tower York1.65in New State extrapolatedRidge WindMaplethe equates to Farm, this to a approximatelyyear’s capability in 3.7 billion MWh of energy generation percent of the state’s residential2 time, power to and up All of needs. the electricityYork to is sold Independent the New System Operator Power (ISO), which operates the State’s electric grid. bulk Wind Brook Roaring 40-tower Due to the tremendousthe potential for wind energy on the Tug Hill Plateau, 2008, July of of Town of the corner the southwest for is proposed an additional project As Martinsburg. Project is still in the agreement and approval stages. Other Alternative Energy Projects The wood energy sector has seen a renewed resurgence as fossil fuel stand-alone wood had two As of 2005, the state prices have skyrocketed. Park $mart Energy energy plants, Adirondack one of which is the Lyonsdale facility in Lewisthe and NYSDEC the addition, In County. for municipal and (E$PI)Initiative are administering a grant program institutional facilities interested in exploring the feasibility of utilizing locallyannual costs. heating sourced wood to reduce Wood fiber and bark burned for energy are referred to as biomass fuel biomass as to referred are further supports the forestryenergy industry in Lewis County by providing the for opportunity for an additional market place for timber products. burned bark and fiber Wood and come from three sources: tree of and low quality stems tops harvested trees (whole tree chips) which come from forestry harvests, land clearing or development and, sawmill/secondary wood manufacturing residue. Other of wood for minor sources energy may and damaged trees/urban wood waste used pallets, fromalso come storm railroad ties and other used manufactured wood. the wood-firedThe Lyonsdale is located in cogeneration facility Biomass Town facilityof Lyonsdale. utilizesThe 19 MW a boiler, steam turbine, and generator to produce electricity for delivery to the New York ISO and Burrows Paper nearby 17,000 poundsaverage steam flow to per hour consumesan averageCorporation. The facility of 700 tons of wood chips, sawmill residues and other wood waste (feedstock) per day for fuel, ash, This wood by-product. a per day as ash of wood producing five tons through a process developed by the Lyonsdale facility in conjunction with Cornell University, is tested and distributed to local farmers for use as a is facility Biomass Lyonsdale The substitute. a liming and amendment soil an excellentexampleof resources being utilized efficiently and sustainably, while providing enhancedeconomic benefits. The parent P Wind tower in the Town of Lowville the Town in tower Wind (see Map 10) OMPREHENSIVE C The availability of wind energy near the highly a is Plateau Hill Tug the of pinnacle regarded County and Lewisasset for its land owners. A typical wind tower project will involve the development of a local with agreements of series permanent to provide landowners easements onto properties for the placement of the tower and necessary transmission infrastructure. In return, landowners generally receive a stream of income, similar to a land leasing structure. Currently, thereis one wind energy project operating Lewis in County, with additional projects proposed for the future. The Maple Ridge Project consists of 195 wind turbines and were turbines wind 120 three permanent meteorologyof towers on the Tug Hill Plateau just west of total a 2005, In Lowville. of Village the constructed within the Phase I project area; the remaining 75 turbines in projectPhase IA were of the constructed and II in May to December 2006. Each 1.65 MW turbine consists of a 262-foot tall tubular steel tower, a maximum 269-foot diameter rotor, and a nacelle which houses the generator, the rotor blades are , power train. When and in the 12 o’clock position the tower stands 390 feet above the ground. Country region to carrierCountry collocation facilities in Syracuse, and is points- 10 and cable, optic of fiber miles 450 of approximately comprised of-presence (POPs). The POPs allow providers service to connect with local and with services from customers outside of the region, and are equipped to support any type of service provider. Within Lewis County, a POP at Lowville will help local businesses and institutions become more from investment outside attract could and competitive, telecommunications intensive companies. Alternative Energy Lewis County is home to a number of alternative energy facilities, with more plannedfuture. for The mostprominent the is wind energy, which in addition to its energy production has become somewhat of a tourist bio-mass and expand and improve attraction. to Efforts are underway methane-based facilities present in the county. Cornell University and SUNY are ESF (Syracuse) actively exploring technological advances such biomass as a corn willows rather than grass and of switch as the use source. This new potential process removes the impacts on food prices up opens and input, an as corn by caused tremendous opportunitiesor for the use re-use of lands that are not prime for agriculture or forestry. Wind Energy OUNTY C addition, cell phone service is available in nearly the entire county and is and county entire Telephone with Frontier is available throughout service the county, the nearly in available is Communications and Verizon as the primary service providers. Inservice phone cell addition, DANC embarked on In 1999, remote areas. continuing to expand into the process establishing advanced of telecommunications infrastructure throughout Lewis, The Open LawrenceJefferson, St. Counties. and Access Telecommunications Network (OATN) North connects the Telephone & Telecommunications Telephone The availability of water and sanitary service are two critical componentssanitary service are two critical The availability of water and to an enhanced qualityfor residents, and are also of life determining factors in the location and development of business and industry. limited to primary treatment, such as the removal of solids and grit from grit and solids of removal the as such Sewagetreatment, treatment capacity at most municipal facilities in Lewis County is primary to limited the effluent via sand filtration and the disinfection of the effluent by providing system the only is hypochlorination. Currently, Lowville secondary treatment via aerated lagoons that further digest waste. With these limitations in mind, future development may need to supply its own wastewater treatment, or upgrades to existing facilities may be warranted. Thecurrent sanitary most systems were constructed to funding by driven largely was address failed septic systemsand direct flowssystems into streams, creeks and installed the of capacity The rivers. availability, than rather required capacities for current or future flows. effluent discharges into the Beaver River will improve water quality for quality water improve will River The newest addition the county’s to list of sanitary sewer providers is the Beaver Beaver Falls In 2006, Croghan).(Town Hamlet of of Beaver Falls the into constructed a small sewage treatment facility to service approximately 65 discharges homes that previously discharged into the Beaver River. The reduction of effluent downstream residents and quality life of for river users. However, this system is already near capacity, and the Burley and Guminiak Waste Water Study introduces concerns about the system’s ability to meet current design capacity. to be nearing or at capacity (see Table 19). Map 10 denotes water and While Lowville’swater system appears to be meeting demand,water its sanitary denotes 10 capacity, is nearing 100,000 gallons per day,with roughly sewer facility Map 19). Table or nine percent, capacityof excess remaining.total, In there are nine (see capacity at communities with wastewater treatment facilities, most of which appear or nearing be to sanitary service within along the inset maps the periphery of the page. 125,000gallons excess remaining.day of per Lewis County commissioned a Comprehensive Public Water Supply Study and Sanitary Waste Water Study2008, the finalreceiving in The report in May 2009. study was undertaken to determine the potential foradditional sources of ground water that may provide added capacity to existing or new utility networks. This page intentionally left blank.

Reserve for Map 11. Chapter 2: Existing Conditions 39 INFRASTRUCTURE NEW YORK October 6, 2009 Lewis County Lewis LAN Syracuse, 90 miles to the southwest. Two small private airfields are airfields private small Two southwest. the to miles There are no90 publicCounty. TheLewis air or water ports closest in commercial air service is located in Watertown,miles to the west, and 30 Syracuse, located in the Town of Pinckney and the Town of New Bremen (currently inactive). The St. Lawrence Seaway system provides closest the available water transportation to Lewis County at the port of Ogdensburg in St. Lawrence County; a study is currently underway to determine the flows of The Port counties. the surrounding location and of goods to/from this are County Ogdensburgin Oswego and the Port of Oswego approximatelymiles fromare linked Lowville 90 to the county via and Interstate and State Highway systems. The Black River is navigable between Carthage and downstream of Lyons Falls. Lyons Falls south to Utica via the MHWA short line and CSX. In 2001, In CSX. and line short MHWA the via Utica to south Falls Lyons Lyons in line rail the of purveyor main the Paper, and Pulp Falls Lyons Falls, closed which lessened the usage ofUtica the line. Currently this infrastructure is underutilized and has capacity the for expanded usage in the future. Genesee Valley (GVT), Transportation lines fromof the rail the owner LowvilleCarthage is no longer providing to from Lowville to Croghan and rail service and is proposing to abandon those lines.The Black River-St. Lawrence Resource Conservation and Development (RC District & D) is GVT has while to purchase the line from Lowville to Carthage, seeking Lewis D. & RC to Croghan to Lowville from line the donate to agreed County is proposing to convert these rail beds to multi-modal trails, which would connect with the existing county trail system. The Railway Historical Society of Northern New York intends to use the portion of the for tourist excursions. another Finally, line from Beaver Falls to Croghan freight line connects Carthage with Harrisville and points to Newton east FallsSt. Lawrence in County, with connections to the CSX network from Carthage. This line is proposed to be rehabilitated and reopened to serve in companies Other Mines. Benson and Papers Fine Falls Newton Harrisville may benefit from the revived service. Bike and Pedestrian Network There is one official bike route within Lewis County that is utilized for recreation and transportation between Harrisville and Boonville, traveling and county highwaysalong the Route 12/812/3 scenic byway. Most state and widths varying shoulder with by bikers, used are occasionally conditions limiting this option. Hiking and walking trails within parks and conservation areas are discussed within the Recreation section on page 41. Pedestrians in nearly all county villagesserved by a limited are sidewalk network. Air and Waterfront Infrastructure P OMPREHENSIVE — roadways that generally accommodate traffic from — consist of all other streets at the local municipal level, at the local of all other streets — consist — roadways designed to accommodate both through traffic and both through to accommodateroadways — designed C Rail service within Lewis County is freight only. Amtrak’s Empire Line miles 60 and miles 49 miles, 41 Syracuse, and Utica Rome, services away, respectively. The Empire Line connects to Niagara Falls to the west and New York City to the southeast. Lewis County'sfreight service links residential and commercial areas and direct it to arterials. They are most They are to arterials. direct it and commercial areas and residential 43. CR and 14 CR 51, CR 39, CR including roads, county commonly Local Streets primarily serving residential and local commercial areas. Mass Transit mass- only The County. in Lewis system transportation public no is There a transit service to the county is provided Bus Service, by the Birnie with Additionally, stops at Lowvilleand Country. Port Leyden providing service to the City of Utica North the and during weekdays. privateThere is one taxi locatedLewis service in County Lewis of County, although numerous private to the more liveries provide service regions remote of county programsvariety and regional human service provide on- demand transportation services to residents in need. The county has completed a transportation study outlining the provision of efficient and effective transit services to more of its citizens. Railroads roadway; Lewis County - 496 lane miles; and towns and villages and and towns miles; lane 496 - County Lewisroadway; approximatelyfrom county highway system ranges The miles.lane 1,800 with on discussions Based lane arterials. four roads to two lane gravel engineers from NYSDOTLewisand the County Highway Superintendent, the majority of roads on the NYSDOTand county system are rated to be with a small in good condition as fair or percentage poor. The sate and of the provision network is the road for primary concern county’s available resources for proper maintenance and repair. Emphasis placed is being on the reconstruction and reinvestment of the existing roadways; no solid plans to construct new roads in there are foreseeable future. However, DANC is currently studying potential for improvements to Route 12 between Lowville and Watertown. In addition, the county, towns and NYSDOT have shared services sharing and heavy equipment fueling, plowing, for snow agreements maintenance of roads. help These agreements offset of the burden infrastructure maintenance and upkeep, and create efficiencies and economies of scale not readilyavailable to a sparsely populated area such Lewis in roads of functional categories are three There as Lewis County. County, including: Arterials access to residential and commercial uses. State 3, Routes 12, 12D, 26, 126, 177, 812 are410, and major arterial routes through the county. Access Major OUNTY C (see Map 11) The interstate highway system does not enter Lewis County. I-81 is the closest route, connecting Thousand the Syracuse and Islandsskirting to Lewis County’sof convenient access to the western border.The lack interstate highway system is often cited as a barrier to economic growth. However, connection to primary I-81 south to the NYS Thruway is a County. Lewis of out shipped being goods for west and east points groups: the New for roadways shared amongst three Responsibility is York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT) - 360 lanes miles of converge in the Lowville area. In the north, State Route 126 links 126 Route State Throughout the year, the primary mode of transportation in Lewis County north, of state roadwaynetwork consists is the automobile. The county’s the link In 26 highways and county roads concentrated in the Black River Valley Road County and Topography points north and south. primarily connecting area. limits 177 Route opportunities for east-westState travel of outside the valley. Exceptions to well, As Lowville these limitations include County Road 46 which links State Route 26 in Osceola. with the Lewis in routes Watson and the two Jefferson Adirondack Park in the County with converge Carthage with Croghan,across Diana connecting and State Route 3 cuts Harrisville with points west and south. Roadways Transportation In addition to the wood-energy industry taking advantage of Lewis County’s abundant forest resources, the opportunity leverage the exists to county’s vast agricultural and dairy industry to aid in the production of energy. KraftFoods’ cream cheese manufacturing facilities in Lowville apply anaerobic treatments to the cheese by-product, powerwhey, the to plant’s The steam boilers. produced methane will help replace more than a third of the facilities' natural gas needs. Additionally, Lewis County, the Village of Lowville, Cornelland Extension are Cooperative currently exploring a community waste digester concept whereby animal from local farms schools, and and food waste from restaurants, the hospital can be converted into energy at a centralized facility. A commercial demonstrationwill bio-refinery built adjacent to the be Lyonsdale Biomass cogeneration facility once the research is complete. Based on research from SUNY-ESF, the plant, to be constructed in 2009 to 2010, will consume feedstock, dry-tons per25 day of and produce year of acetic tons per per130,000 gallons 6,000 year of ethanol and acid. The feedstock will burned then be at the adjacent biomass facility feedstock of the for generation. goal is to grow most powerThe willows. rotation woody crops such as regionally using short company, Catalyst Renewables,is currently partnering with ESF to SUNY improve of creating cellulosic the process ethanol from wood chips, an energy generator that could renewablevast utilize the county’s timber resources.