Potential Carbon Emis from Energy
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
P501 Numerical Simulation of Wind Power Potential in Upstate New York
P501 NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF WIND POWER POTENTIAL IN UPSTATE NEW YORK Robert Ballentine *, Scott Steiger and Daniel Phoenix State University of New York at Oswego 1. INTRODUCTION 2. METHODOLOGY Consistent with the national goal of moving away 2.1 Grid Arrangement from our dependence on carbon-based fuels, there is considerable interest in New York State in developing We are running the ARW-core of WRF on a wind power especially in areas with highest potential. doubly-nested grid (Fig. 1) to ensure that both large- The purpose of this research is to simulate low-level scale meteorological forcing and local geographical winds over upstate New York by running the Weather effects are well-represented. The grid spacings of the Research and Forecasting (WRF, Skamarock, et al large, intermediate and fine grids are 12 km, 4 km and 2005) model every day on a high-resolution (1.333 1.333 km respectively. We use 33 sigma levels where km) domain. Using the standard wind speed-versus- the lowest levels correspond to 10m, 40m and 80m power generation curve for a GE 1.5 MW wind above ground under typical meteorological conditions. turbine, we can estimate the monthly and seasonal We employ the Noah LSM and Yonsei PBL schemes. average wind power potential at all of our grid points (covering much of upstate New York and adjacent Lake Ontario). To determine the accuracy of WRF wind predictions, we are comparing winds simulated by WRF at 10 m AGL with hourly observations at three regularly reporting sites near Lake Ontario. 1.1 Brief Description of Wind Power Sites As of November 2009, New York State had more than 1200 MW of wind generating capacity from sites such as Horizon Wind Energy's Maple Ridge Wind Farm in Lewis County and farms operated by Noble Environmental Power in Clinton, Franklin and Wyoming Counties. -
Application of Solar Energy for Lighting in Opencast Mines
Application of Solar Energy for Lighting in Opencast Mines A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Technology In Mining Engineering By Abhishek Kumar Tripathi (Roll No. 212MN1424) DEPARTMENT OF MINING ENGINEERING NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROURKELA -769 008, INDIA MAY 2014 Application of Solar Energy for Lighting in Opencast Mines A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Technology In Mining Engineering By Abhishek Kumar Tripathi (Roll No. 212MN1424) Under the guidance of Dr. H. B. Sahu Associate Professor DEPARTMENT OF MINING ENGINEERING NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROURKELA -769 008, INDIA MAY 2014 National Institute of Technology Rourkela CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Application of Solar Energy for Lighting in Opencast Mines” submitted by Sri Abhishek Kumar Tripathi (Roll No. 212MN1424) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master of Technology degree in Mining Engineering at the National Institute of Technology, Rourkela is an authentic work carried out by him under my supervision and guidance. To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in this thesis has not formed the basis for the award of any Degree or Diploma or similar title of any University or Institution. Date: Dr. H. B. Sahu Associate Professor Department of Mining Engineering NIT, Rourkela-769008 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I take the opportunity to express my reverence to my supervisor Prof. H. B. Sahu for his guidance, constructive criticism and valuable suggestions during the course of this work. I find words inadequate to thank him for his encouragement and effort in improving my understanding of this project. -
Before the State of New York Board on Electric
15-F-0122 Sokolow Post Hearing Brief BEFORE THE STATE OF NEW YORK BOARD ON ELECTRIC GENERATION SITING AND THE ENVIRONMENT In the Matter of Baron Wind LLC Case 15-F-0122 INITIAL POST-HEARING BRIEF Alice Sokolow Case #15-F-0122 also for Parties: Thomas Flansburg Mary Ann McManus Bert Candee Virginia Gullam Dated: 4/15/2019 1 15-F-0122 Sokolow Post Hearing Brief TABLE OF CONTENTS I Introduction 2 II Facility 2 III Legal Background 2-3 IV. Issues- Fremont Wind Law 3 V. Nature of Env Impact-Avian & Bat 5 VI. Nature of Env Impact –Safety Exh1001.6 11 Exh 1001.15 29 VII Nature of Env Viewshed & Flicker 54 VIII Not Addressed 70 IX Conclusions 70 I Introduction We are five individual parties with grave concerns over conditions and completeness of Baron Winds Applications for a Certificate of Environmental Compatibility and Public Need Pursuant to Article 10 to Construct a Wind Energy Facility. II. Facility Description Baron Winds LLC (the Applicant) is proposing to construct the Baron Winds Project, a wind energy generation facility and associated infrastructure (the Facility) in the Towns of Cohocton, Dansville, Fremont, and Wayland in Steuben County, New York (See Figure 1).The Facility will consist of up to 69 utility scale wind turbines with a total generating capacity of up to 242 Megawatts (MW). Other proposed components will include: access roads, buried collection lines, up to four permanent meteorological (met) towers, one operations and maintenance (O&M) building, up to two temporary construction staging/laydown areas, and a collection/point of interconnection. -
2Nd EPR Romania 2010 V2
ECE/CEP/166 UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE REVIEWS ROMANIA Second Review UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2012 Environmental Performance Reviews Series No. 37 NOTE Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. In particular, the boundaries shown on the maps do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. The United Nations issued the first Environmental Performance Review of Romania (Environmental Performance Reviews Series No. 13) in 2001. This volume is issued in English only. ECE/CEP/166 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales E.12.II.E.11 ISBN 978-92-1-117065-8 e-ISBN 978-92-1-055895-2 ISSN 1020-4563 iii Foreword In 1993, Environmental Performance Reviews (EPRs) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) were initiated at the second Environment for Europe Ministerial Conference in Lucerne, Switzerland. They were intended to cover the ECE States that are not members of the Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development. At the fifth Environment for Europe Ministerial Conference (Kiev, 2003), the Ministers affirmed their support for the EPR Programme, and decided that the Programme should continue with a second cycle of reviews. -
2. Wind Energy in New York State
Wind Energy Toolkit – Overview 2. Wind Energy in New York State 2.1. Market Drivers and Barriers Drivers for Wind Development in New York State Windy rural areas in the Northeast, such as those in Upstate and Western New York, have proved to be attractive to wind energy developers. Market drivers for wind development generally include an area’s proximity to major load centers, available electrical transmission capacity, and a good wind resource; regionally, drivers include the high costs of electrical energy in the Northeast, concerns over regional air quality, federal tax incentives, and legislative mandates in New York and neighboring states. Some specific factors that are driving the market for wind energy in New York include the following: • A good resource: New York State is ranked 15th in annual wind energy generating potential (7080 MW or approximately 62 billion kWh)—more than California or any state east of the Mississippi and the largest potential of any state in the Northeast.1 The location and relative strength of wind resources in New York State are shown in Figure 1. • State mandates: Renewable energy purchase mandates or renewable portfolio standards (RPS) in New York and neighboring states are driving the demand for new renewable resources in the region, particularly wind energy. Originally, the New York State RPS called for an increase in renewable energy used in the state from its then-current level of about 19% to 25% by the year 2013. In 2009, the RPS goal was expanded to 30% renewable energy by 2015. Wind energy is expected to supply a significant portion of the RPS requirement, which effectively creates a stable, long-term market for the retail sale of wind energy in New York. -
Annex 45 Guidebook on Energy Efficient Electric Lighting for Buildings
ANNEX 45 GUIDEBOOK ON ENERGY EFFICIENT ELECTRIC LIGHTING FOR BUILDINGS Espoo 2010 Edited by Liisa Halonen, Eino Tetri & Pramod Bhusal AaltoUniversity SchoolofScienceandTechnology DepartmentofElectronics LightingUnit Espoo2010 GUIDEBOOKONENERGYEFFICIENT ELECTRICLIGHTINGFORBUILDINGS 1 GuidebookonEnergyEfficientElectricLightingforBuildings IEA-InternationalEnergyAgency ECBCS-EnergyConservationinBuildingsandCommunitySystems Annex45-EnergyEfficientElectricLightingforBuildings Distribution: AaltoUniversity SchoolofScienceandTechnology DepartmentofElectronics LightingUnit P.O.Box13340 FIN-00076Aalto Finland Tel:+358947024971 Fax:+358947024982 E-mail:[email protected] http://ele.tkk.fi/en http://lightinglab.fi/IEAAnnex45 http://www.ecbcs.org AaltoUniversitySchoolofScienceandTechnology ISBN978-952-60-3229-0(pdf) ISSN1455-7541 2 ABSTRACT Abstract Lightingisalargeandrapidlygrowingsourceofenergydemandandgreenhousegasemissions.At thesametimethesavingspotentialoflightingenergyishigh,evenwiththecurrenttechnology,and therearenewenergyefficientlightingtechnologiescomingontothemarket.Currently,morethan 33billionlampsoperateworldwide,consumingmorethan2650TWhofenergyannually,whichis 19%oftheglobalelectricityconsumption. The goal of IEA ECBCS Annex 45 was to identify and to accelerate the widespread use of appropriate energy efficient high-quality lighting technologies and their integration with other buildingsystems,makingthemthepreferredchoiceoflightingdesigners,ownersandusers.The aimwastoassessanddocumentthetechnicalperformanceoftheexistingpromising,butlargely -
Letting the Sun Shine in by Jeff Muhs
The secondary mirror and fibre receiver of the hybrid solar lighting collector system. At left is ORNL’s Alex Fischer, director of technology transfer & economic development, and Jeff Muhs (plus his reflection in mirror at right), director of solar energy R&D. Letting The Sun Shine In By Jeff Muhs n emerging technology called hybrid solar lighting is turning them up as clouds move in or the sun sets. As a causing experts to rethink how best to use solar result, HSL is close to an order of magnitude more efficient Aenergy in commercial buildings where lights than the most affordable solar cells today and has many consume a third of the electricity. advantages over conventional daylighting approaches. Imagine a day when newswires report a low-cost solar technology achieving efficiencies an order of magnitude bet- Solar Options For Illuminating Commercial Buildings ter than the most cost-effective solar cells available today. Until just over a hundred years ago, the sun provided light Although it may sound like a distant fantasy, a recent for illuminating the inside of buildings during the day. Even- research effort led by the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge tually, the cost, convenience, and performance of electric National Laboratory (ORNL) is quickly proving otherwise. lights improved until sunlight was no longer needed. Electric Rather than converting sunlight into electricity, paying the lights revolutionized the way we designed buildings, making price of photovoltaic (PV) inefficiency, Hybrid Solar Light- them minimally dependent on natural daylight. Couple this ing (HSL) uses sunlight directly. Roof-mounted collectors with an ever-growing number of people working indoors, and concentrate sunlight into optical fibres that carry it inside it’s easy to understand why electric lighting now represents buildings to “hybrid” light fixtures that also contain electric the single largest consumer of electricity in commercial build- lamps (see Figure 1). -
Solar Energy Perspectives
Solar Energy TECHNOLOGIES Perspectives Please note that this PDF is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at www.iea.org/about/copyright.asp Renewable Energy Renewable Solar Energy Renewable Energy Perspectives In 90 minutes, enough sunlight strikes the earth to provide the entire planet's energy needs for one year. While solar energy is abundant, it represents a tiny Technologies fraction of the world’s current energy mix. But this is changing rapidly and is being driven by global action to improve energy access and supply security, and to mitigate climate change. Technologies Solar Around the world, countries and companies are investing in solar generation capacity on an unprecedented scale, and, as a consequence, costs continue to fall and technologies improve. This publication gives an authoritative view of these technologies and market trends, in both advanced and developing Energy economies, while providing examples of the best and most advanced practices. It also provides a unique guide for policy makers, industry representatives and concerned stakeholders on how best to use, combine and successfully promote the major categories of solar energy: solar heating and cooling, photovoltaic Technologies Solar Energy Perspectives Solar Energy Perspectives and solar thermal electricity, as well as solar fuels. Finally, in analysing the likely evolution of electricity and energy-consuming sectors – buildings, industry and transport – it explores the leading role solar energy could play in the long-term future of our energy system. Renewable Energy (61 2011 25 1P1) 978-92-64-12457-8 €100 -:HSTCQE=VWYZ\]: Renewable Energy Renewable Renewable Energy Technologies Energy Perspectives Solar Renewable Energy Renewable 2011 OECD/IEA, © INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY The International Energy Agency (IEA), an autonomous agency, was established in November 1974. -
Radar Impact Assessment
Radar Impact Assessment Enabling Wind Farms Market Context Protecting Radar Across the world countries continue to embrace wind farm technology for both onshore and off shore applications. However, the presence of wind turbines can significantly impact the effectiveness of radar systems used across the meteorology, aviation and marine industries. All too often radar objections block or delay not only new wind farm developments, but also the repowering of existing ones, where the new, often larger, turbines deployed are considered to pose a greater impact risk. Consistent methods for modelling the potential impacts of wind farm developments on radar are critical. Decisions regarding development feasibility, or the proposal of relevant mitigation solutions, can only be made based upon accurate data. Over the past 15 years QinetiQ has accumulated extensive knowledge and experience in delivering independent expert analysis and advice, to both wind farm developers and radar safeguarders, enabling wind farm developments whilst protecting the integrity of radar systems. Your support in getting the two turbines approved at a planning appeal was excellent given that getting the radar element right was a critical part of the development. Was very impressed by the way this was managed by the Radar Impact Assessment team. David Connell, Loganwood Wind Ltd QinetiQ’s RIA team utilises state- of-the-art modelling software and Impact Assessment & Mitigation analytical expertise to take into account all relevant factors and scenarios, accurately demonstrating to developers and radar operators whether or not issues are likely to exist with planned developments. If any conflicts are predicted, QinetiQ’s RIA team can provide independent advice to both parties on the potential solutions to mitigate the impacts. -
County Comprehensive Plan
Lewis County COUNTY COMPREHENSIVE PLAN NEW YORK October 6, 2009 Chapter 2: Existing Conditions Existing 2: Chapter INFRASTRUCTURE Figure 16: Electricity Generation Capacity by Source, 2006 Water and Sanitary Sewer Power & Utilities (see Map 10) According to New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) records, ten of the twelve public water supply systems in Lewis County have Unlike its more urbanized counterparts, Lewis County lacks contiguous available capacity. Notable exceptions include the Village of Port Leyden 4.1% 9.6% networks of water, sanitary sewer, and natural gas services primarily due 13.7% and the Village of Croghan which exceed available capacity during 20.8% periods of peak flow (see Tables 18 and 19). The Village of Lowville has to a small, sporadic population coupled with environmental limitations. 18.2% 13.0% the greatest excess capacity in terms of actual supply, with approximately Lewis County’s low population densities require extensive infrastructure 13.1% investments to service customers throughout the county. This equates to 62.1% Table 18: Lewis County Community Water Systems higher overall service costs to consumers. 43.7% It should be noted that the information on Map 10 represents locations for known infrastructure based on available information such as maps, Lewis County (519 MW) New York State (43,143 MW) GIS data, and personal accounts from municipal representatives. Due to the scale and breadth of this County Comprehensive Plan, it was Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration impractical to research and depict the full extent of utility and infrastructure penetration within each municipality. generated along the St. -
(NYS) Pre-Filed Hearing Exhibit NYS000089, NYSERDA, New York
New York State Renewable Portfolio Standard Performance Report Program Period ending March 2007 Released in August 2007 The N ew York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) OAGI0000277_000001 Executive Summary From January 1,2006 through the first quarter of2007 ("the reporting period"), NY SERDA and the Department of Public Service have taken several actions to implement the New York State Renewable Portfolio Standard program (RPS). Some of the major actions include the acceptance of two facilities into the RPS program as Maintenance Resources 1 and the completion of a second Main Tier competitive solicitation. In addition to the major actions taken by NYSERDA and the Department of Public Service to implement the RPS, several contracts from the first RPS Main Tier solicitation commenced during the reporting period. The 19 Megawatt ("MW") Lyonsdale Biomass plant located in Lewis County, NY and the 20 MW Boralex Biomass plant located in Franklin County, NY were both accepted into the RPS program as Maintenance Resources during the reporting period. As a result of the financial support that will be provided to these two plants under the RPS, New York will enjoy the retention of39 MW of valuable base load energy capacity along with several dozen full and part time jobs. During calendar year 2006, NY SERDA paid production incentives on approximately 582,000 Megawatt hours ("MWh") of production from five renewable energy facilities awarded contracts from the first Main Tier solicitation. While contractors from this solicitation were required to build 254 MW of new renewable capacity, more than 344 MW was actually built and is currently operating. -
Solar Energy - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Solar energy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Solar energy, radiant light and heat from the sun, has been harnessed by humans since ancient times using a range of ever-evolving technologies. Solar energy technologies include solar heating, solar photovoltaics, solar thermal electricity and solar architecture, which can make considerable contributions to solving some of the most urgent problems the world now faces.[1] Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute solar energy. Active solar techniques include the use of photovoltaic panels and solar thermal collectors to harness the energy. Passive solar Nellis Solar Power Plant in the United States, one of techniques include orienting a building to the Sun, selecting the largest photovoltaic power plants in North materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air. America. In 2011, the International Energy Agency said that "the development of affordable, Renewable energy inexhaustible and clean solar energy technologies will have huge longer-term benefits. It will increase countries’ energy security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible and mostly import-independent resource, enhance sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of mitigating climate change, and keep fossil fuel prices lower than otherwise. These advantages are