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Annex 45 Guidebook on Energy Efficient Electric Lighting for Buildings

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Annex 45 Guidebook on Energy Efficient Electric Lighting for Buildings ANNEX 45 GUIDEBOOK ON ENERGY EFFICIENT ELECTRIC LIGHTING FOR BUILDINGS Espoo 2010 Edited by Liisa Halonen, Eino Tetri & Pramod Bhusal AaltoUniversity SchoolofScienceandTechnology DepartmentofElectronics LightingUnit Espoo2010 GUIDEBOOKONENERGYEFFICIENT ELECTRICLIGHTINGFORBUILDINGS 1 GuidebookonEnergyEfficientElectricLightingforBuildings IEA-InternationalEnergyAgency ECBCS-EnergyConservationinBuildingsandCommunitySystems Annex45-EnergyEfficientElectricLightingforBuildings Distribution: AaltoUniversity SchoolofScienceandTechnology DepartmentofElectronics LightingUnit P.O.Box13340 FIN-00076Aalto Finland Tel:+358947024971 Fax:+358947024982 E-mail:[email protected] http://ele.tkk.fi/en http://lightinglab.fi/IEAAnnex45 http://www.ecbcs.org AaltoUniversitySchoolofScienceandTechnology ISBN978-952-60-3229-0(pdf) ISSN1455-7541 2 ABSTRACT Abstract Lightingisalargeandrapidlygrowingsourceofenergydemandandgreenhousegasemissions.At thesametimethesavingspotentialoflightingenergyishigh,evenwiththecurrenttechnology,and therearenewenergyefficientlightingtechnologiescomingontothemarket.Currently,morethan 33billionlampsoperateworldwide,consumingmorethan2650TWhofenergyannually,whichis 19%oftheglobalelectricityconsumption. The goal of IEA ECBCS Annex 45 was to identify and to accelerate the widespread use of appropriate energy efficient high-quality lighting technologies and their integration with other buildingsystems,makingthemthepreferredchoiceoflightingdesigners,ownersandusers.The aimwastoassessanddocumentthetechnicalperformanceoftheexistingpromising,butlargely under-utilized,innovativelightingtechnologies,aswellasfuturelightingtechnologies.Thesenovel lighting system concepts have to meet the functional, aesthetic, and comfort requirements of buildingoccupants.Theguidebookmostlyconcernsthelightingofofficesandschools. The content of the Guidebook includes an Introduction, Lighting energy in buildings, Lighting quality,Lightingandenergystandardsandcodes,Lightingtechnologies,Lightingcontrolsystems, Lifecycleanalysisandlifecyclecosts,Lightingdesignandasurveyonlightingtodayandinthe future,Commissioningoflightingsystems,Casestudies, Technical potential for energy efficient lightingandsavings,Proposalstoupgradelightingstandardsandrecommendations,andaSummary andconclusions. Thereissignificantpotentialtotheimproveenergyefficiencyofoldandnewlightinginstallations evenwiththeexistingtechnology.Theenergyefficiencyoflightinginstallationscanbeimproved withthefollowingmeasures: − the choice of lamps. Incandescent lamps should be replaced by CFLs, infrared coated tungsten halogen lamps or LEDs, mercury lamps by high-pressure sodium lamps, metal halidelamps,orLEDs,andferromagneticballastsbyelectronicballasts − theusageofcontrollableelectronicballastswithlowlosses − thelightingdesign:theuseofefficientluminairesandlocalizedtasklighting − the control of light with manual dimming, presence sensors, and dimming according to daylight − theusageofdaylight − theuseofhighefficiencyLED-basedlightingsystems. Annex45suggeststhatclearinternationalinitiatives(bytheIEA,EU,CIE, IEC,CENandother internationalbodies)aretakenupinorderto: − upgradelightingstandardsandrecommendations − integratevaluesoflightingenergydensity(kWh/m2,a)intobuildingenergycodes − monitorandregulatethequalityofinnovativelightsources − pursue research into fundamental human requirements for lighting (visual and non-visual effectsoflight) − stimulatetherenovationofinefficientoldlightinginstallationsbytargetedmeasures Theintroductionofmoreenergyefficientlightingproductsandprocedurescanatthesametime providebetterlivingandworkingenvironmentsandalsocontributeinacost-effectivemannertothe globalreductionofenergyconsumptionandgreenhousegasemissions. 3 PREFACE Preface INTERNATIONALENERGYAGENCY The International Energy Agency (IEA) was established in 1974 within the framework of the OrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)toimplementaninternational energyprogramme.AbasicaimoftheIEAistofosterco-operationamongthetwenty-eightIEA participatingcountriesandtoincreaseenergysecuritythroughenergyconservation,developmentof alternativeenergysourcesandenergyresearch,developmentanddemonstration(RD&D). ENERGYCONSERVATIONINBUILDINGSANDCOMMUNITYSYSTEMS(ECBCS) TheIEAco-ordinatesresearchanddevelopmentinanumberofareasrelatedtoenergy.Themission ofoneofthoseareas,theECBCS-EnergyConservationfor Building andCommunitySystems Programme,istodevelopandfacilitatetheintegrationoftechnologiesandprocessesfor energy efficiencyandconservationintohealthy,lowemission,andsustainablebuildingsandcommunities, throughinnovationandresearch. The research and development strategies of the ECBCS Programme are derived from research drivers, national programmes within IEA countries, and the IEA Future Building Forum Think Tank Workshop, held in March 2007. The R&D strategies represent a collective input of the Executive Committee members to exploit technological opportunities to save energy in the buildings sector, and to remove technical obstacles to market penetration of new energy conservationtechnologies.TheR&Dstrategiesapplytoresidential,commercial,officebuildings and community systems, and will impact the building industry in three focus areas of R&D activities: − Dissemination − Decision-making − Buildingproductsandsystems THEEXECUTIVECOMMITTEE OverallcontroloftheprogramismaintainedbyanExecutiveCommittee,whichnotonlymonitors existingprojectsbutalsoidentifiesnewareaswherecollaborativeeffortmaybebeneficial.Todate thefollowingprojectshavebeeninitiatedbytheexecutivecommitteeonEnergyConservationin BuildingsandCommunitySystems: ONGOINGANNEXES Annex Title Duration 55 ReliabilityofEnergyEfficientBuildingRetrofitting-ProbabilityAssessmentof 2009-2013 Performance&Cost(RAP-RETRO) WG WorkingGrouponEnergyEfficientCommunities 2009-2012 54 AnalysisofMicro-Generation&RelatedEnergyTechnologiesinBuildings 2009-2013 53 TotalEnergyUseinBuildings:Analysis&EvaluationMethods 2008-2012 52 TowardsNetZeroEnergySolarBuildings 2008-2013 51 EnergyEfficientCommunities 2007-2011 50 PrefabricatedSystemsforLowEnergyRenovationofResidentialBuildings 2006-2010 49 LowExergySystemsforHighPerformanceBuildingsandCommunities 2006-2010 48 HeatPumpingandReversibleAirConditioning 2006-2009 47 CostEffectiveCommissioningofExistingandLowEnergyBuildings 2005-2008 46 HolisticAssessmentTool-kitonEnergyEfficientRetrofitMeasuresforGovernment 2005-2008 Buildings(EnERGo) 45 Energy-EfficientFutureElectricLightingforBuildings 2004-2008 44 IntegratingEnvironmentallyResponsiveElementsinBuildings 2004-2009 5 AirInfiltrationandVentilationCentre 1979- 4 PREFACE COMPLETEDANNEXES Annex Title Duration 43 TestingandValidationofBuildingEnergySimulationTools 2003-2007 42 TheSimulationofBuilding-IntegratedFuelCellandOtherCogenerationSystems 2003-2007 (COGEN-SIM) 41 WholeBuildingHeat,AirandMoistureResponse(MOIST-EN) 2003-2007 40 CommissioningofBuildingHVACSystemsforImprovedEnergyPerformance 2001-2004 39 HighPerformanceThermalInsulation(HiPTI) 2001-2004 38 SolarSustainableHousing 1999-2003 37 LowExergySystemsforHeatingandCooling 1999-2003 36 RetrofittinginEducationalBuildings-EnergyConceptAdviserforTechnical 1998-2002 RetrofitMeasures 36WG Annex36WorkingGroupExtension'TheEnergyConceptAdviser' 2003-2005 35 ControlStrategiesforHybridVentilationinNewandRetorfittedOfficeBuildings 1998-2002 (HybVent) 34 Computer-AidedEvaluationofHVACSystemPerformance 1997-2001 33 AdvancedLocalEnergyPlanning 1996-1998 32 IntegralBuildingEnvelopePerformanceAssessment 1996-1999 31 EnergyRelatedEnvironmentalImpactofBuildings 1996-1999 WG WorkingGrouponIndicatorsofEnergyEfficiencyinColdClimateBuildings 1995-1999 30 BringingSimulationtoApplication 1995-1998 29 DaylightinBuildings 1995-1999 28 LowEnergyCoolingSystems 1993-1997 27 EvaluationandDemonstrationofDomesticVentilationSystems 1993-2002 26 EnergyEfficientVentilationofLargeEnclosures 1993-1996 25 RealTimeHEVACSimulation 1991-1995 24 Heat,AirandMoistureTransportinInsulatedEnvelopeParts 1991-1995 23 MultizoneAirFlowModelling 1990-1996 22 EnergyEfficientCommunities 1991-1993 21 EnvironmentalPerformanceofBuildings 1988-1993 20 AirFlowPatternswithinBuildings 1988-1991 19 LowSlopeRoofSystems 1987-1993 18 DemandControlledVentilatingSystems 1987-1992 17 BuildingEnergyManagementSystems-EvaluationandEmulationTechniques 1988-1992 16 BuildingEnergyManagementSystems-UserInterfacesandSystemIntegration 1987-1991 15 EnergyEfficiencyinSchools 1988-1990 15WG WorkingGrouponEnergyEfficiencyinEducationalBuildings 1992-1995 14 CondensationandEnergy 1987-1990 13 EnergyManagementinHospitals 1985-1989 12 WindowsandFenestration 1982-1986 11 EnergyAuditing 1982-1987 10 BuildingHEVACSystemsSimulation 1982-1987 9 MinimumVentilationRates 1982-1986 8 InhabitantBehaviourwithRegardtoVentilation 1984-1987 7 LocalGovernmentEnergyPlanning 1981-1983 6 EnergySystemsandDesignofCommunities 1979-1981 4 GlasgowCommercialBuildingMonitoring 1979-1982 3 EnergyConservationinResidentialBuildings 1979-1982 2 EkisticsandAdvancedCommunityEnergySystems 1976-1978 1 LoadEnergyDeterminationofBuildings 1977-1980 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Acknowledgements ThematerialpresentedinthispublicationwascollectedanddevelopedwithinanAnnexoftheIEA Implementing Agreement Energy Conservation in Buildings and Community Systems (IEA ECBCS),Annex45EnergyEfficientElectricLightingforBuildings. TheGuidebookistheresultofajointeffortbymanycountries.Allthosewhohavecontributedto the project by taking part in the writing process or the numerous discussions are gratefully acknowledged. A list of the 20 participating
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