Stronger Together Women Parliamentarians in Joint Action for Peace and Security Stronger Together

Women Parliamentarians in Joint Action for Peace and Security

March 2014

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The EastWest Institute seeks to make the world a safer place by addressing the seemingly intractable problems that threaten regional and global stability. Founded in 1980, EWI is an international, non-partisan organization with offices in New York, Brussels, Moscow and Washington. EWI’s track record has made it a global go-to place for building trust, influencing policies and delivering solutions.

Founded in 2008 by the EastWest Institute and several of the world’s renowned peacemakers, the Parliamentarians Network for Conflict Prevention mobilizes members in parliaments across the globe to find pioneering ways to prevent and end conflicts. Learn more at www.pncp.net _

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[email protected] www.ewi.info STRONGER TOGETHER 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS : Rockefeller Brothers Fund Brothers Rockefeller Fund Davis Kathryn Donors Ministry of Family and Social Policy – Turkey – Policy and Social Family of Ministry Grand National Assembly – Turkey Turkey İAD HÜRS – Ankara, Turkey – municipality Ankara USA D.C., Washington – University Georgetown Belgium – Brussels, (NATO) Organization Treaty Atlantic North USA D.C., Washington – International Gakkai Soka USA MA, Cambridge, – Studies International for Center Anderlini at MIT Naraghi Sanam USA D.C., Washington – Associates Beth Grupp at Beth Grupp USA MA, – Boston, Institution Albert Einstein at Jamila Raqib Turkey Kurt – Zuhal Turkey – Allen Collinsworth Congress U.S. the USA Canada to of Ambassador Gary Doer, H.E. Parties with whom we cooperated: Women’s Action for New Direction (WAND) (WAND) Direction New for Action Women’s Partners: STRONGER TOGETHER

6 STRONGER TOGETHER 7 - Ambassador Melanne Verveer Director, Executive Georgetown forInstitute & Peace Women, Security “What you are “What you - doing in collab is trulyoration remarkable. like network A impor this is so let your to tant, around sisters knowthe world arethat they not alone in their struggle. But that they the agents are change.” for - - he United Nations Security Council Council Nations Security he United Women, on 1325 resolution passed in 2000, (WPS) and Security Peace back the be to considered is which bone of efforts to include women in peace in peace women to include efforts bone of reconstruction post-conflict negotiations, - and re demobilization and disarmament, the world. around initiatives integration this landmark resolution after years Ten - Parlia Institute’s the EastWest passed, was Prevention Conflict for Network mentarians and Peace Women, on the work its started - wom of upon the request agenda Security - Afghani from parliament of en members marginalized, who felt and Pakistan, stan their national from sidelined and excluded - interna as from as well processes security on this issue. tional dialogues - rela on the tense primarily focused Having and Pakistan Afghanistan tionship between implications, security and on the resulting Administrated in the Federally particularly brought the Network (FATAs), Areas Tribal both countries from MPs women together - The de peace. to the obstacles discuss to claim to MPs women these of termination - has re power at the table of their places to commitment in an unprecedented sulted - their respec dialogue between a standing have meetings historic Two countries. tive auspices: the Network’s under place taken Af of delegation the first-ever convened we in Islamabad parliamentarians ghan women for arranged we April 2012 and in in 2011, Pakistani of official delegation ever the first The visit Kabul. to parliamentarians women strengthen to efforts ongoing Network’s and parliamentarians female of the role with deal adequately to capacity their build has also their countries of the challenges - in Octo Brussels visit to in a study resulted Two parliamentarians. Afghan for ber 2012 of fruit: two-thirds bore work hard of years women. of consisted the delegation Introduction T Participants Polling

Did you run for office on a specific political issue?

7% Defense and 47% 40% Foreign Policy Economy &Jobs Human Rights

36% 86% 100% are not supported have received threatening didn’t consider leaving politics, by their family in letters, phone calls and despite these threats pursuing a political death threats career

Which skills would you like to develop to better interact with your voters and colleagues?

20% 40% 70% 25% Public speaking Traditional New & social Organization and and debating media relations media project management

With elections on the horizon for both Paki- Senate, Congress and in state and local stan (2013) and Afghanistan (2014), the legislative bodies across the United States. Network searched for ways of continuing These are women leaders who can serve as to support the Women, Peace and Secu- role models and mentors for women MPs rity agenda, particularly in Afghanistan and in countries where they are still considered Pakistan. Drawing lessons from other areas secondary citizens. In turn, face-to-face of our work, we believe that sharing experi- meetings facilitate the exchange of genuine ences and forging mentoring relationships information on the situation on the ground are the keys to success. This led us to part- in countries such as Afghanistan and Paki- ner with Women’s Action for New Direc- stan, and also about practices in the host tions (WAND), a U.S.-based organization country of the meeting. Furthermore, to STRONGER TOGETHER with a mission of “educat[ing] the public fully capitalize on the opportunity to bring and opinion leaders about the need to re- this extraordinary group of women lead- 8 duce violence and militarism, and redirect ers together, we invited women MPs from excessive military spending to unmet hu- countries in transition and post-conflict so- man and environmental needs.” cieties in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) so that they, too, could benefit. WAND has been working to increase women’s political leadership to further these The potential for synergy between the Par- goals and has forged longstanding relation- liamentarians Network for Conflict Preven- ships with women trailblazers in the U.S. tion and Women’s Action for New Direc- STRONGER TOGETHER 9 95% 40% Which of Which of these issues issues these - - would you like to to like you would a better develop understanding of? understanding 80% 65% - com of means sustained Facilitate infor of the exchange for munication initiatives, mation on parliamentary activities action and other for calls of the outreach enhance which can region. in the wider MENA women • The partnership—the first of its kind be- of its first The partnership—the a organizations—foresaw two the tween notably two but most activities, of range of the forging facilitate that would meetings lawmak the women between ties personal one balanced, the activities keep To ers. in the place take would the exchanges of Washington in other the and region MENA significant details the most This report D.C. been made in shaping the that have steps the achievements and recalls partnership politicians. extraordinary of this group of Infrastructure - - Economy and jobs Economy Ecology/the environment Ecology/the 20% 75% Physical safety and protection safety Physical National defense and foreign policy foreign and National defense

Women’s and human rights and Women’s confidently represent represent confidently - and interna regional Build a strong women support for of tional network focus with a specific decision makers, Afghanistan in on supporting women and Pakistan; Enhance regional cooperation as well as well cooperation regional Enhance legisla- with female as cooperation in the U.S.; tors Strengthen the role of women law women of the role Strengthen makers in all political processes, be- processes, in all political makers issues gender-related strictly yond with a par region, in the wider MENA and Pakistani Afghan on ticular focus parliamentarians; women Good governance and rule of law and rule of Good governance

• • •

tions led the two organizations to form a form to organizations tions led the two - Politi Women’s Strengthen to “Partnership the Role Advance and to Empowerment cal and Human Security, in Peace, Women of the ob- had partnership The 2013 Rights.” to: jective after before

Do you know enough about the UN SC Res 1325 to use it in your work? it in your use to 1325 Res SC the UN about enough know you Do

I most on issues constituency my concerning: Family and social policy social and Family

and volunteeriing 32% organizing Community Participants Marianne Malak Constituent Assembly Egypt) State Representative Marianne Malak, a Coptic-Christian, Angela Williams was elected to the Egyptian Colorado (USA) Firdaous Oueslati, Parliament in 2012 as the youngest State Representative Angela Williams Tunisian Constituent Assembly (Tunisia) Member of Parliament in Egyptian serves as chair of the Audit Committee Faridaous Oueslati was born in Amsterdam and studied in history. With a degree in law, a master and the Business, Labor, Economic, and Leiden, The Netherlands, but her home country is Tunisia. in human rights, and a PhD in interna- Workforce Development Committee, After the revolution in Tunisia, she decided to run for a tional law, Marianne was a member and is a member of the House Services seat in the Tunisian Constituent Assembly. Oueslati has of the Constituent Assembly, which Committee and State Veterans & Mili- been elected representing the district ‘The Americas and drew up a new constitution for Egypt. tary Affairs Committee. She is also the Europe.’ These regions are considered separate districts She was one of the first women to owner of the Angela Williams Agency, because of the large number of Tunisian citizens living on sit on the platform of the Egyptian Inc. Williams is an active community their territory. Since her election Oueslati has been work- parliament, and is a member of the leader. She is a recent graduate of the ing in the Tunisian Constituent Assembly on drafting a new Inter-Parliamentary Union. Currently, Harvard Kennedy School Sr. Executives constitution. Her priorities were to ensure that the consti- she serves on Egypt’s National Coun- Program. As co-founder of Chamber tution provides everyone with their fundamental freedoms cil for Human Rights (NCHR) and Connect, the Colorado Black Chamber and that the government is subject to checks and bal- the Committee of Constitution and of Commerce leadership development ances. The new constitution was adopted in January 2014 Legislation; as well as the Tourism, program, she has been essential to the and is praised as the most progressive in the region. Culture and Media Committee of the professional growth of dozens of Colo- Egyptian Parliament. rado’s future minority business leaders. Williams also serves as the chairperson Loubna Amhaïr of the recently formed Black Democrat- House of Representatives (Morocco) ic Legislative Caucus of Colorado. Loubna Amhaïr has been a Member of the Moroccan House of Representatives since 2011, serving on the Committee of Finance and Economic Development. Prior to her election as an MP, Amhaïr has been advisor to the State Minister on communication and technical matters, law projects and protocol issues. From 2007 to 2009, she was Head of the Stud- ies Service at the Directorate for Education, Research and Development of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. Amhaïr has hands-on experience in rural development and the socio- economic promotion of rural women.

Golalai Nur Safi National Assembly (Afghanistan) Golalai Nur Safi has been a Member of the Afghan National Assembly, Wolesi Jirga, since 2005, where she represents the Balkh province in the North of Af- ghanistan. She holds a medical degree from the Ukraine Medical University and after the fall of the Taliban in 2001, she worked as a doctor for Medica Mondiale. She has also worked as an ophthalmologist at the Kabul Medical Hospital. Safi is a member of the High Peace Council. Only nine of the 70 Bushra Gohar members are women. National Assembly (Pakistan) Bushra Gohar served as mem- Elay Ershad ber of Pakistan’s National As- Donya Aziz National Assembly sembly from 2008 to 2013, and National Assembly (Pakistan) (Afghanistan) was elected as the chair of the Donya Aziz, a medical doctor, began her political career with the Elay Ershad is currently serving as National Assembly’s Standing PML-Pakistan Muslim League in 2002 and was elected to Paki- the Chairperson of the Committee Committee on Women’s Devel- stan’s National Assembly. During her first tenure in parliament, on Education, Higher Education, opment in 2009. She has been a she was appointed Parliamentary Secretary for the Ministry of Cultural Affairs and Religious member of the Working Council Population Welfare. In addition to serving on various commit- Affairs. Prior to becoming a parlia- of the Women Parliamentary tees, she was also parliamentary representative on the Pakistan mentarian, Ershad worked as the Caucus and has also served on Medical and Dental Council as well as on the Pakistan Nursing Gender Advisor and Executive As- the National Assembly’s Stand- STRONGER TOGETHER Council. From 2008 to 2013, Donya served as a member of sistant to the Minister of the Interior ing Committees on Finance and the working council of the Women’s Parliamentary Caucus, and the Minister of Education in Revenue, Interior and Kashmir Affairs. Since 1994, Gohar has 10 President of the Young Parliamentarian’s Forum, as well as on Afghanistan. She has also worked the Executive Board of Parliamentarians for Global Action. in the legal arena, as a Translator been the Director of the Human and Afghan Representative for Resources Management and Moscovitch Advocate Holland, Development Center (HRMDC). and as an assistant lecturer in the Gohar holds a master’s degree in Faculty of Law and Political Science Human Resource Management from Wilmington College, U.S. Shinkai Karokhail of Kabul University. National Assembly (Afghanistan) Shinkai Karokhail has been a Member of the National Assembly of Afghanistan, Wolesi Jirga, since 2005, where she works towards conflict prevention and promotes women’s rights. Karokhail was one of the founding members of the Afghan Women Educational Center (AWEC) in 1991, worked as a teacher in the first years and held various positions throughout the development of the NGO. She studied at the Medical College of Kabul University between 1979 and 1984 to become a Medical Doctor and completed her degree in Political Science and International Relations at the Kateb University of Kabul in 2011. In September 2012, Karokhail was honored by the EastWest Institute with the H.H. Sheikha Fatima bint Mubarak Values-based Lead- ership Award in recognition of her unwavering efforts in advocating women’s rights. STRONGER TOGETHER 11 - -

Senator Ray Torres Patricia (USA) Minnesota is the first Ray Torres Patricia in serve to woman Hispanic She is Senate. the Minnesota the Minnesotaa member of Democratic-Farmer-Labor ex of She has 18 years Party. perience in public service and in public service perience Torres community organizing. as a state serves also Ray the for administrator program Hu- of Department Minnesota She is originally man Services. and holds two Colombia from the University from degrees in Urban a B.A. Minnesota: of degree and a master’s Studies the from Affairs in Public Institute. Humphrey Delegate Ana Sol Gutiérrez Ana Sol Delegate Maryland (USA) - has repre Gutiérrez Ana Sol Delegate the Maryland House 18 in District sented she made when 2002, since Delegates of to the Latina elected as the first history Gutiérrez Assembly. Maryland General and attended born in El Salvador was and the University State Pennsylvania She did her post University. American in applied engineering at studies graduate - and execu University Washington George School at the Kennedy management tive University. at Harvard Government of Ap- on the House sits currently Gutiérrez - Joint Com the Committee, propriations and Families, Youth Children, for mittee American the New of the founder and was the of the co-chair She is also Caucus. Latino Caucus. Maryland Democratic State Senator Lena Taylor Lena State Senator (USA) Wisconsin native, a Milwaukee Taylor, Lena Senator - UW-Milwau from in English a B.A. earned She SIU-Carbondale. from J.D. and a kee special election, Assembly a 2003 won Her in 2004. seat her Senate and won includes service committee Senate Veterans and Development Economic well as and Finance, Affairs, and Military on Strengthening committees as study and Effective Courts Families, Wisconsin is an attorney Taylor Strategies. Justice Wisconsin the chair of vice and past She has interviewed Party. Democratic with national media on the extensively uphold to Democrats Senate of walk-out public for rights bargaining collective employees. -

State Representative State Representative Maurine Seelig Jennifer Utah (USA) Jennifer Maurine Seelig, a Women Legislators’ Legislators’ Women a Maurine Seelig, Jennifer in by elected was director, state (WiLL) Lobby of House in the Utah serve to 2006 November on the serves She currently Representatives. - Manage Legislative Subdivisions, Political House and Criminal Enforcement Law House ment, Appropriations Executive Committees, Justice Offices as on the Executive as well Committee, and Appropriations Subcommit Criminal Justice tee. In 2010, Seelig was elected the House Minority the House elected was Seelig In 2010, tee. Caucus. Democratic House the Utah Whip by State Senator Barbara Favola Barbara State Senator (USA) Virginia of residents represents Favola Barbara in her election to Prior district. 31st Virginia’s Board County Arlington on the she served 2011, that body three and chaired years fourteen for - the Metro Chair of the former As times. Governments of Council Washington politan she is a strong Committee, Bay Chesapeake environmental and human rights of supporter to appointed was Favola In 2012, stewardship. Legislative Women’s the of Board the Executive - Represen as the Democratic NCSL of Network she Additionally, Region. the Southern for tative Government Local Senate Virginia’s on serves Services and Social Rehabilitation Committee, Committee, Transportation and Committee, - Reproduc Women’s the the Chair of and is now Caucus. Health tive

- - State Senator Charleta Tavares Charleta State Senator Ohio (USA) the Ohio as a member of served Tavares Charleta Columbus (1993-98) Representatives of House as a serves and currently (1999-2010) Council City is Tavares (2011-present). the Ohio Senate member of housing, competence, cultural a nationally recognized and policymaker. advocate and human services health - Ad the Multiethnic of director is the executive Tavares In addition, (MACC). Competence Cultural for vocates member and is chair emeritus of a founding she was Foundation. the Ohio Suicide Prevention Delegate Joseline Joseline Pena-Melnyk Delegate Maryland (USA) Maryland 21 in the District represents Pena-Melnyk Joseline and the Health She is a member of Delegates. of House - Revitaliza the Regional Committee, Operations Government Marylandof Black Caucus the Legislative Group, Work tion currently She is also Maryland. of Legislators Women and Mental to Access on Joint Committee the Chair of the House Prince of Committee and the Bi-County Services Health born in the was Pena-Melnyk Delegation. County George’s High Kennedy F. John and attended Republic Dominican in criminal a B.A. She received York. New in the Bronx, School School the from J.D. and a College State Buffalo from justice York. New of University at the State Law of

State SenatorState Pappas Sandy (USA) Minnesota is focus Pappas’ Sandy Sen. legisla - women engaging and in media work tors in state messaging active media outlets.and national to elected first was Pappas - Rep of House the Minnesota 1984 where in resentatives In terms. three she served the to elected she was 1990, she where Senate Minnesota term her seventh is serving by chosen recently and was as Senate serve to her peers Throughout her President. has been a Pappas career, human for advocate fervent several She has held rights. in the positions leadership and is the Senate, Minnesota Global Forward of founder an NGO which Women, of the development fosters in the peacemakers women region. MENA islators launched by Women’s Action for New Directions New for Action Women’s launched by islators and women’s the civil rights of veteran A in 1991. (WAND) in the Georgia terms ten served Orrock movements, Major female House as the first Representatives of House Senate. term in the Georgia her first Whip and is serving ity Women’s Legislative both the Georgia of She is founder Caucus. Agenda Families Working Caucus and the State Senator Nan Grogan Orrock Nan Grogan State Senator (USA) Georgia - Legisla Women the of is the President Orrock Nan Grogan leg state women of a national network (WiLL), Lobby tors’ State Representative Karen Camper Karen State Representative (USA) Tennessee Memphis, Camper of Karen Representative State Tennessee the been a member of has Tennessee, the of veteran A 2008. since Assembly General the table to Camper brings Army, States United and the on national security her unique perspective General Tennessee In the service. of importance Women’s the as chair of she serves Assembly, Legislative Veteran’s the chair of Caucus, Legislative - Trans Judiciary and the Caucus and is a member of member Camper is an active portation Committees. International on the serving her community, of The of founder Board, Advisory Council Business Member a Charter Inc., Foundation Humble Hearts - and a Life America, for in Military Service Women of and NAACP. Black in Government time Member of

Achievements

With much in Ankara to learn from meeting participants from vastly different backgrounds, the MPs also had an opportunity to learn from their host country urkey until recently was a seeming learn from meeting participants from vastly oasis of stability, economic growth different backgrounds, the MPs also had an on subjects and prosperity in the troubled Mid- opportunity to learn from their host country ranging from dle Eastern region. Traditionally a on subjects ranging from defense spending Tstrictly secular nation, Turkey upholds the to measures aimed at stimulating women defense spend- ‘trias politica’ where the president shares entrepreneurs and policies put in place to ing to measures executive power with the prime minister curb violence against women. and the council of ministers. This image aimed at stimu- was marred the very week after our delega- lating women tion left Ankara, when protests on Taksim Meeting Fellow Square, which started as a means of block- Parliamentarians entrepreneurs ing the demolition of a park, were met by and policies put a violent police crackdown. That, in turn, On Defense triggered a nationwide outcry. Across the in place to curb country, demonstrators protested against Direct interaction with parliamentarians in violence against the perceived encroachment of the secular Turkey is the most meaningful way to learn state. about the Turkish parliament, its structures women. and Turkish society at large. Particular to In October 2013, Turkey made the news this group of women and our agenda is the once more when four female members of focus on Women, Peace and Security, as the Grand National Assembly of Turkey at- well as the implementation of UN Security tended parliament wearing headscarves. Council resolution 1325. It is no surprise The decades-old ban had been lifted a then that discussions with the Chair of the month earlier by the ruling Justice and De- Defense Committee, Oğuz Kağan Köksal, velopment (AKP) party of Premier Erdogan, focused on questions of participation of who claims that female parliamentarians women in the committee itself, in the army have the right to display their identifica- and on military spending. The chairman tion with the religion of the majority of the emphasized the cooperation between Tur- population.1 While the AKP party has the key and the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza- majority in parliament, secularists see the tion (NATO) in Afghanistan and stressed return of the headscarf in parliament as an their commitment to a secure Afghanistan. STRONGER TOGETHER encroachment by political Islam upon the reigning secular practices of modern Turk- 12 On Human Rights ish society. One of the core tasks of the Human Rights It is against this backdrop that the partner- Inquiry Committee of the Turkish parlia- ship’s first meeting took place in Ankara, ment is the prevention of violence against Turkey on May 28-30 2013. With much to women and members of their family, for which a separate sub-committee has been 1 http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsCon- established. Given the predominantly Mus- tent/2/8/85233/World/Region/UPDATE-Turkey- women-MPs-break-taboo-to-wear-headsc.aspx lim background of the attending MPs from STRONGER TOGETHER 13 Participants at the Grand National Assembly of Turkey

After years of decreasing its defense bud- get, Turkey has announced an increase of its defense spending for 2014 (facing larger inse- curity due to

the protracted the wider MENA region, Ayhan Sefer Üstün, been doing on bridging the divide between conflict in chair of the committee, was asked about Afghanistan and Pakistan by fostering Turkey’s efforts to highlight violations at the dialogue between women MPs from both Syria). supranational level, particularly referring countries. To further inform themselves on to the Organization of Islamic Cooperation the struggles of women in peace and secu- (OIC). rity, the delegation offered the committee a copy of Abigail Disney’s Women, War and Many feel that the OIC member states are Peace series which features a member of doing little in the field of human rights, par- our delegation, the Hon. Shinkai Karokhail, ticularly women’s rights and their equal in one of the documentaries. participation in public life, but also that international pressure on states such as Sau- di Arabia is not effective and is often coun- Implementing the Law: tered with arguments of state sovereignty. Turkish Ministry of Family and Üstün recognized the difficulty in bringing up such issues with neighboring Islamic Social Policy countries and underscored the principle of What’s in a name? In Turkey—quite a lot. state sovereignty. However, a human rights Women’s groups across the country were court for the Islamic world could be an op- outraged when two years ago the Turkish tion to bring severe violations to trial, much Ministry of Family and Social Policy was along the lines of the European Court of Hu- created, replacing the Ministry of Women man Rights and the Inter-American Court and Family Affairs. Nevertheless, the min- of Human Rights.

STRONGER TOGETHER istry has provided unwavering support to women in Turkey, be it in the political On Equality 14 sphere, by implementing the affirmative action policies which are protected by the Present with a large delegation, the com- Turkish constitution, or by creating aware- mittee on Equal Opportunity for Women ness campaigns. and Men was the only committee that the delegation met with where the chair person As a woman studying in Saudi Arabia, was a woman—Azize Sibel Gönül. Gönül Deputy Minister Associate Professor Aşkın took an interest in the work the Parliamen- Asan is well aware of the challenges faced tarians Network for Conflict Prevention has by women around the world, particularly STRONGER TOGETHER 15 In 2013, Prime In 2013, Minister Erdogan amended the secularstrict laws Turkey, of forallowing sit to women in parliament wearing for headscarves time inthe first 15 years. - - It was It was 3 Note: Opened for signature in May 2011, 2011, in May signature for Opened Note: 3 also the first country to adapt its national to adapt its country the first also and it includes this convention legislation to discussions in the representatives religious dif It remains subject. on the and debates ficult, however, to effectively convince men convince to effectively however, ficult, - domes and women against violence see to has The ministry as an issue. tic violence houses, visit coffee to the initiative taken to gather, men to for a space traditionally in courses and further an introduction offer change and behavioral management anger men. to charge of free the Istanbul Convention is the first legally binding legally first is the Convention the Istanbul vio- and combat prevent to in Europe instrument and in violence and domestic women against lence - interna far-reaching it is the most scope of terms human violation of tackle this serious to tional treaty http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/standardset URL: rights. ting/convention-violence/Seminars/Geneva2013/ default_en.asp. ing for consultative status with PUIC. status consultative ing for in the Islam- role a leading has taken Turkey women dis- that affect on issues ic world violence. domestic as such proportionally, ratify the to sign and country first the It was and Combating on Preventing convention - Vio and Domestic Women against Violence Convention”). “Istanbul (the lence - - -

2 2 http://edition.cnn.com/2013/10/26/world/ liamentary Union of OIC countries (PUIC) (PUIC) OIC countries liamentary Union of - address specifically that are has initiatives to and thanks women, of ing the concerns the offices, good Asan’s Minister Deputy - Pre Conflict for Network Parliamentarians apply of process in the is currently vention Focusing on the Islamic countries, former former Islamic countries, on the Focusing the deputy Aziz asked Donya MP Pakistani the as such organization an what minister (OIC) Islamic Cooperation for Organization about the role awareness raise do to could - Coun and UN Security in society women of Deputy in particular. 1325 cil Resolution sup- that disappointed was Asan Minister remains institute a gender-equality port for upon its agreed having despite theoretical, - in Muslim So at the Change establishment Conference Women of and the Role cieties the Par However, ago. years two in Istanbul meast/saudi-arabia-women-drivers/ those living in patriarchal or strict Islamic Islamic or strict living in patriarchal those anecdote, personal a Sharing countries. in- that she was the delegation she told at teach to Arabia Saudi to return to vited accept have would she which university, a In October drive. ed had she been able to civil of a day witnessed Arabia Saudi 2013, - the reli defying women by disobedience a vehicles, operating on women gious ban surely but is slowly society sign that Saudi changing. STRONGER TOGETHER

16 Washington For me, our meeting in Turkey was a Meeting Highlights life-changing opportunity. By speaking directly with women parliamentarians from Af- ghanistan, Paki- stan, Morocco and Tunisia, I came to understand what they are living every day. I was educated about Decisions in D.C. and Peace Film Series. Peace Unveiled these critical opened the eyes of many women in international It seemed quite appropriate for the the room—some learned more about partnership to convene in Washing- the struggles of women gaining politi- issues and this ton, D.C. for its second meeting. In line cal power and others were reminded exchange got with the objective of building a strong of their own experiences. network of women legislators, the me out of my second meeting coincided with the But often there is a fine line between box. I saw that biannual conference of our partner decision and indecision. While visiting Women’s Action for New Directions Washington, D.C., the participants wit- we have similar who organized for over 100 women nessed the looming shutdown of the challenges and state legislators from around the U.S. U.S. government over the inability to to travel to Washington, D.C. for the raise the debt ceiling. The shutdown our common “Women at the Tables of Power” con- provided little hope for participants human needs ference from September 29 to Octo- to reach out to those in the House ber 1, 2013. of Representatives and in Congress. really struck With part of the program jeopardized, me. This conference gave everyone a great our participants from abroad were opportunity to learn about defense asked for their opinion regarding the spending, the U.S. nuclear arsenal and shutdown. Delegate Ana Sol on the formation of public opinion. Gutiérrez Many of the present U.S. state legisla- “Such decisions are the internal af- Maryland (USA) tors to learn more about the situation fairs of the United States in which I on the ground in Afghanistan, Pakistan do not want to interfere,” Moroccan and to hear first-hand accounts of MP Loubna Amhaïr commented. “But women who were at the very forefront [they] should have the political cour- of the Arab Spring during a panel dis- age and wisdom to take the right de- 17 cussion specifically dedicated to “The cisions for their people” she added. Essential Role of Women in Building Bushra Gohar, former MP from Paki- Sustainable Peace and Security.” The stan, cautioned that this shutdown screening of Peace Unveiled in which will have an effect throughout the the Hon. Shinkai Karokhail, MP from world and expressed concern with Afghanistan, is featured, included an the situation. “Politics is the art of the introduction by filmmaker Abigail Dis- possible” and a shutdown is not in the ney, creator of the PBS Women, War public interest, she said. The Climb Up the Hill Meeting Melanne Verveer

Despite the government shutdown, three Having already delivered a lunchtime key- meetings on the issue of Women, Peace and note speech during the “Women at the Security took place. The staff of Senator Tables of Power” conference, former Am- The 113th US Susan Collins of Maine affirmed the Sena- bassador-at-Large for Global Women’s Is- tor’s commitment to peace and security issues Melanne Verveer, who is the Direc- Congress (Jan- sues. The Hon. Shinkai Karokhail reiterated tor of Georgetown University’s Institute uary 2013) saw the ineffectiveness of the Afghan army and for Women, Peace and Security, received the dire consequences of their very limited the delegation for a targeted Q&A session a record num- capabilities once U.S. troops withdraw in where valuable information was exchanged ber of female 2014. Bushra Gohar quizzed the staff on among all participants. whether women’s rights were to be com- Senators and promised for the sake of stability in post- members of 2014 Afghanistan, emphasizing impact on Pakistan should the Taliban gain power in the House of Afghanistan. Representa- Representative William Keating of Mas- tives; 18.3% sachusetts received the delegation in his and 20% capacity as ranking member of House of Representative Foreign Affairs Committee. respectively. Having been to Afghanistan, Rep. Keating is The state of well aware of the challenges on the ground and was receptive to the expressed con- Colorado has cerns. The delegation pressed Rep. Keating the highest to ask to meet with women representatives, too, the next time he travels to Afghani- percentage stan, to show his dedication to the Women, of women in Peace and Security agenda. Noteworthy is the fact that Rep. Keating is a cosponsor of the state leg- the Women, Peace and Security Act of 2013, islative office: which now has a total of 22 cosponsors.

41%. Representative Martha Roby of Alabama is the Chairperson of the Armed Services Subcommittee on Military Oversight and In- vestigations. Having participated in a number of Mother’s Day trips to Afghanistan in recent years, Rep. Roby was visibly moved when listening to the testimonies of the Af- ghan MPs. She has been a fervent advocate on the matter, writing op-eds and speaking On Morocco out on the cause of women and girls in Af- ghanistan. In keeping with her efforts to ad- MP Loubna Amhaïr shared stories of vocate for the issue, Rep. Roby convened a hope from her native Morocco where hearing on Securing Gains for Women, Girls women have come quite a long way. After in Afghanistan in October 2013. 4 a quota system was introduced, the number of women in politics rose dramati- cally, resulting directly in amendments to existing laws. Last year the parliament

STRONGER TOGETHER amended a highly controversial law that allowed a rapist to marry his victim and 18 escape prosecution. It was a direct result of the efforts of the women in parliament that this law was amended and that such practices are no longer possible. Amb. Verveer applauded these efforts: “Moroc- can women can be great examples for their sisters in Islamic countries around 4 http://roby.house.gov/press-release/roby- the world.” convenes-hearing-securing-gains-women-girls-afghanistan STRONGER TOGETHER 19 - - - - On Afghanistan On Amb. to interest Of particular of the question was Verveer High Peace whether or not the when being consulted is Council - reconcilia of efforts to it comes Safi, Golalai Nur MP Afghan tion. women the few as one of who sits - Coun High Peace Afghan on the the situation as described cil, might Small issues grim. very the High Peace to be referred is that it but the reality Council, enough. often is not consulted understand needs to The world than war,” is cheaper “peace that in every and that it’s she added, towards work to benefit one’s Elay MP Afghan reconciliation. added that funds should Ershad the young towards be directed that She recalled generation. invest to paper concept the ISAF was generation in the young the with shared it was rejected; but they election commission, implement it. to failed - fectiveness of the Afghan High Peace Council. She wondered out loud She wondered Council. High Peace Afghan the of fectiveness open an of decided to Taliban when the was Council Afghan the where On Pakistan On the inef of with Golalai in terms Gohar agreed Bushra MP Former fice in Doha. She cautioned that there is a causal relationship between relationship between causal is a cautioned that there She Doha. in fice - mean and in Pakistan, Afghanistan in Taliban the of the strength the operate, to space more get Afghanistan in Taliban ing that if the during raised were Questions the same. will demand Taliban Pakistan and who should with Pakistan engage to on how however, the debate, in effort is no real that there was feeling Verveer’s Amb. be contacted. the country keep to It is a strategy the situation. change to Pakistan that the most she believed In hindsight, suggested. Bushra militarized, development with a decade-long troops withdraw to the U.S. for useful will Afghanistan in which the vacuum creating of instead plan in place, into. plunge likely most the blame on of part placed Pena-Melnyk Joseline Maryland Delegate aid and a given of the conditions mentioning itself, States the United - Ambas spent. was the money where of in terms accountability lack of confer Afghanistan made at the the agreements cited Verveer, sador ence in Tokyo, where all delegates of donors to Afghanistan agreed to to agreed Afghanistan to donors of all delegates where Tokyo, in ence froze donors and indeed some their agenda, of on the top put women Afghanistan. in women of the status of result aid as a direct On Egypt On who was Egypt, in MP Marianne Malak, of The accounts Tahrir on Cairo’s and protest stand to first among the of at told She reports. horrid news the confirmed Square, tacks on women to discourage them from exercising their exercising them from discourage to women on tacks fear resulting and the demonstrate right to democratic women. the Egyptian of in some instilled that this has been dark the to turn back cannot the country that Malak stated is deeply worried but that she the dictatorship, of days and targeted are women situation where about the current being burned down. are churches Christian Coptic Engaging NATO about the bilateral agreement between the U.S. and Afghanistan, but the ambassador Crucial in discussing the 2014 drawdown had no further information. She did, how- of forces from Afghanistan is the future ever, stress that in order to work in Afghani- engagement of the North Atlantic Treaty stan, there needs to be a clear invitation We understand Organization’s (NATO) and the accomplish- from the government of Afghanistan. ments of the International Security Assis- that women tance Force (ISAF), which is currently active Bushra Gohar from Pakistan raised con- can play an in Afghanistan. To this end, Assistant Secre- cerns about the potential compromising tary General for Public Diplomacy at NATO, of women’s rights in Afghanistan and Paki- important role Ambassador Kolida Grabar-Kitarović, en- stan. She pointed out that whenever the dis- in prevent- gaged with our delegation through video- cussion focuses on women, it is not about conferencing. long-term empowerment, but rather about ing conflicts small projects, micro enterprises and small and that when Having grown up in war-torn Croatia, Am- loans. The fact that the Taliban is vying for bassador Grabar-Kitarović related strongly more power makes it that much more ur- conflict oc- to the stories of women who are faced with gent to find a balance and truly discuss curs, women conflict on a daily basis. Sharing her per- women coming to the negotiation table. sonal experiences, she strongly backed re- Ambassador Grabar-Kitarović addressed are a crucial conciliation, despite her feelings at the the different relationships that Afghanistan part of the time: “Back in those times I was thinking and Pakistan have; Pakistan is a partner that never again was it possible for us to country of NATO but not part of ISAF. She solution. So we live together again with our adversaries. …” furthermore emphasized that reconcilia- are working to When it comes to the implementation of tion is an internal process that belongs to UN Security Council Resolution 1325, Am- the Afghans. Nevertheless, there are cer- improve our bassador Grabar-Kitarović believes NATO tain preconditions to reconciliation: anyone thinking about needs to set an example, which has been partaking in the process needs to put down strengthened by the appointment of the their arms; they need to break all ties with how to ensure Special Representative Mari Skåre. Her Al-Qaida and respect the constitution and that women appointment, in Grabar-Kitarović’s opin- all rights enshrined therein, including those ion, was a clear political statement aimed of women. are included at putting this issue higher on the NATO in these pro- agenda. Amb. Grabar-Kitarović expressed her will- ingness to engage with the delegation in the cesses. Having travelled to Afghanistan frequently, future. The partners to this project are in Ambassador Grabar-Kitarović has excellent continuous contact with the office of Amb. Ambassador knowledge of the situation on the ground Grabar-Kitarović. Kolida Grabar- and was in a good position to address the concerns raised by the delegation. Shinkai Increasing Capacity Kitarović Karokhail expressed her distress that the ministries of interior and defense in Af- Highlighted at the Ankara meeting as a ghanistan are not interested in develop- particular need, capacity building and ing the National Action Plan (NAP) for the training was a core component of the implementation of UN SCR 1325 and re- Washington,D.C. meeting. Based on a quested the Ambassador to use her lever- baseline survey conducted among the par- age to urge the ministries to develop a NAP. ticipants, we measured the perceived level Another issue of great worry is the lack of skill in a certain area, which was subse- of participation of women in the security quently set off against the relative impor- forces. Karokhail cited a desperate need to tance of these issues. In addition to the change the mechanisms for bringing more need for capacity building, strategic plan- women into this sector, as well as the con- ning was also mentioned as a core need re-

STRONGER TOGETHER ditions that these women endure in this quiring attention. sector which is now rampant with sexual 20 harassment and discrimination. Ambas- 1325 and International Law sador Grabar-Kitarović informed us that an officer will be sent to ISAF HQ tasked with Sanam Naraghi Anderlini of the MIT Cen- working on gender-mainstreaming with the ter for International Studies introduced minister. She noted that the gender advi- the concept of international law to many sors within ISAF are low-ranking and often of the delegates. Focusing on the historical civilians, not military personnel. developments that the international legal framework has gone through, the question MP Elay Ershad asked the ambassador is what we can do—if anything at all—in the STRONGER TOGETHER 21 reform as security forces might have been might have forces as security reform in place. a regime keeping only thing the the of think to was challenge the short, In Security UN until the people and, of needs there adopted, was 1325 Resolution Council that their so women for no platform was issues. on security be heard could voices is encountered problem Another common talks. peace to invite to whom determining - can “You remarked, the participants of One This people.” with peaceful peace not make are fractions violent reason the exactly is table, talks join the peace to invited often out. left are but women what asked Morocco Amhaïr of Loubna MP Women, the be done in support of can in a country agenda and Security Peace in her native which has no violent conflict; is dealing ministry the relevant Morocco the Convention with the implementation of Against Discrimination on the Elimination of not with UN Security (CEDAW), Women - - Since countries were hesitant to take on the take to hesitant were countries Since an much of be too it would because issue it sovereignty, on their state infringement would that the challenge apparent became empower women of the language use be to face of civil war and internal conflict, for ex for conflict, internal and war civil of face efforts the 1990s, Since as in Syria. ample, platform a provide up to stepped been have as conflict, out against speaking women for marginalized been traditionally have they seemed states Unfortunately, all sides. by within the up this issue take to reluctant and it was Council, Nations Security United which eventually civil society from pressure and Ban- Namibia like countries, prompted on the Council’s put the issue to gladesh, agenda. The critical human rights. of ment instead to related raised be that needed to issues going that are in societies women of the role - rehabili processes, disarmament through security-sector of issues soldiers, tation of Participants Council Resolution 1325. Sanam believes Council itself undertakes any action on this during the that it’s important to also engage countries issue. Maryland delegate Joseline Pena- Washington, D.C. meeting not undergoing violent conflict in the agen- Melnyk elaborated on the same point: if in da, as they might be sending peacekeeping 10 years only 24 countries have drafted a troops abroad to areas where the Women, National Action Plan, how can we shame Peace and Security agenda is very relevant the countries that have not participated, or on the ground. the United Nations itself? Sanam suggested the media as a tool to get the word out, Afghan MP Elay Ershad asked Sanam for but it will be a difficult road. suggestions on how the Afghan security forces can support the agenda. Sanam is Ana Sol Gutierrez, a native of El Salvador convinced women need to take part in dis- and a Maryland delegate, inquired after cussions on security, on police trainings other resolutions that could help if 1325 and really engage in parliamentary commit- does not alter the conditions in Afghani- tees and debates on such issues, including stan, Pakistan or Morocco. Once again, budgets. Building partnerships with civil so- these countries fear that support for the ciety is another key element. resolution would mean acknowledging their internal conflicts. Instead, Sanam main- Bushra Gohar indicated that there is a lot of tained, we ought to focus on the content of resistance to UN Security Council Resolu- the resolution rather than on the specific tion 1325 in Pakistan, because this is seen number of countries backing it. In the end,

STRONGER TOGETHER as conceding that Pakistan is a country in a socio-economic change needs to occur conflict. She wonders if an integrated plan, within society, from schoolteachers and 22 which will include CEDAW and other mech- bus drivers to members of parliament, and anisms to protect women, might be a bet- this can only happen if we focus on the con- ter approach for countries that have similar tent, she added. reservations. Nonviolence in the Face of Conflict Shinkai Karokhail asked what can be done to make countries accountable for the im- It may be hard to keep a clear head when plementation of the resolution including faced with gross injustice, but that is exact- the National Action Plan, and if the Security ly what many of the delegates do every day STRONGER TOGETHER 23 expressed by people in very vague terms; terms; vague people in very by expressed quite are statements though these even dis- express than more do not do they valid, - be formu is to a plan Before contentment. articulated be to need grievances the lated, This people. ordinary by and understood fix and react to chance the opponents gives needs tomorrow of vision The problem. the want what do you the question: answer to when the struggle look like to society your are movements what these This is is over? as and, it is the objective, towards, working a becomes the struggle a consequence, objectives. these achieve map to road in a non- Taliban the defeat we can “How wonders. Ershad Elay movement?” violent stop we can “How adds: Karokhail Shinkai we I feel Taliban? the obeying people from - Afghani the people of empower need to tool effective that this will be the most stan, them.” against the of the importance Jamila underscores relies power the support system: of pillars Therefore and obedience. on cooperation - struc the where analyze to is necessary it be di- which may from, support comes tural that that movements Jamila stressed verse. support systems those undercut able to are the largest manner have in a nonviolent success. of chance - - —a book Attempted coup Attempted practices. with harmful Corporation Dictatorship functioning democracy Poorly • • • • in their work when they are being verbally being verbally are when they in their work holding political for targeted or physically to may point who attack them Those office. nation- background, racial women’s these their mere often but most or religion, ality to a reason as enough of is seen gender Af of a native Jamila Raqib, them. discredit In- Albert Einstein at the worked ghanistan, of the author Gene Sharp, with Dr. stitution In order to accomplish real change, you you change, real accomplish to In order - soci In most tomorrow.” of “a vision need often that are grievances have we eties, From Dictatorship to Democracy Jamila outlined the objective of the work of Jamila outlined the objective which has been a powerful tool for many in- many for tool which has been a powerful The Spring. Arab the dividuals throughout - non-vio of “weapons” 198 book describes this statement: and includes lent struggle need to we violence, reduce to want “If we al- powerful people an alternative—a offer ternative.” planning of the importance share shop—to more are struggles non-violent and why The planned. are they when successful are: encounter one can scenarios of types Strategic Action Plan

In surveying the group of women lawmakers partici- strategic planning session has • Exchange legislation and policy in ar- been pivotal in bringing partnership eas of interest (human security). pating in this participants closer together. Here’s partnership, an overview of the process and the Each of these accomplishments follows Aagreed next steps. from having a purpose as a group of wom- we found some en legislators coming together to speak out 43 percent had and to hear the voices of women. Collective Goal Setting advocacy, empowerment, the building of been threat- partnerships, educating society and engag- Building a network of dedicated people is ing women in leadership positions are all ened with vio- always dependent on the degree of owner- part of this purpose. In doing so, the part- ship they feel over the group and the pro- lence or death nership provides an opportunity to share cess they participate in. This is no different experiences, learn from one another, sup- because of the for the women participating in this partner- port one another and provide guidance and ship, although the similarities in the strug- political office mentorship. gles these women have to face to make it they hold. to elected office ties them together in the Where there is a vision, one also needs most profound manner. For example, in specific goals. Planning two years ahead surveying the group of women lawmakers seems daunting when you have just got- participating in this partnership, we found ten acquainted. In order to prioritize goals, some 43 percent had been threatened with the participants to the Ankara exchange violence or death because of the political expressed the need for the group to draft a office they hold. strategic plan, addressing questions of how to successfully disseminate information The defining characteristic of this group is among the members of the groups and deal that all women either have or currently are with the expansion of the group. The plan holding political office. In advancing the must also address questions surrounding Women, Peace and Security agenda, how- the withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan ever, they are determined to work together in 2014, the implementation of UN Secu- with women in positions of influence and rity Council Resolution 1325, and whether power, as well as think tanks, NGOs and oth- issues of human trafficking are part of the ers relevant to the cause. Another impor- goals of this group. tant characteristic is the drive to succeed and the ambition these women display. In Participants from the United States specifi- asking what they want to accomplish, is- cally addressed the desire to come up with sues raised included: a strategic plan to engage the U.S. Con- gress on these issues. Furthermore, part- Secure lives of dignity for women and • ners in this process needed to be identified, girls around the globe; both internationally as well as domestically;

STRONGER TOGETHER Advance, implement, monitor UN Se- • the United Nations came to the forefront of curity Council Resolution 1325; the debate numerous times. Also partici- Inform, influence and promote public 24 • pants highlighted the need for training and policies that respect women’s human materials, such as fact sheets, to aid in the and civil rights; advocacy of these issues. • Strengthen international partnership between East and West; Beth Grupp, of Beth Grupp Associates, was Expand our collective capacity on • invited during our Washington, D.C. session peace, human security and interna- to guide the group towards concrete goals tional law (including defense and for- within the next two years. Choices had to be eign relations); STRONGER TOGETHER 25 Participants during the Ankara meeting

In advancing the Women, Peace and Se- made to come up with tangible goals and • Grow this group (without creating a curity agenda, specific tactics to implement them. new structure or infrastructure; keep however, they cooperation between WAND/WiLL In Ankara, Turkey, the group identified the and EWI/Parliamentarians Network). are determined most important issues: building bands of »» Expand into other regions with to work togeth- sisterhoods; defining the group and its the same values (keep person- purpose; and identifying hopes for future to-person relations intact); er with women accomplishments. Members brainstormed »» Tactic: Need to identify regions in positions of on every possible aspect of engagement: (U.S. and conflict-affected from educating U.S. congress on UN Se- countries or emerging democ- influence and curity Council Resolution 1325 to creating racies); determine who we power, as well a watchdog to monitor implementation of want, call people, write emails; National Action Plans; and from increas- »» Staff: What would it mean to as think tanks, ing membership of this group of women bring more women to join the NGOs and oth- lawmakers to tracking the funds allocated group? Brainstorming and in countries such as Afghanistan to ensure communication with the core- ers relevant to transparency, accountability and condition- group (through email and the cause. ality. phone calls); »» Make sure that everyone from After the group review, the following steps the group is included in the were considered to be most pressing: Parliamentarians Network. • Increase funding and staff to further • Create a name. develop this initiative. • Communication: • Obtain international recognition as a »» External: Develop a proactive watch group: media plan. »» To monitor elections, »» Internal: Quarterly communi- »» To secure women’s political cation through webinar, skype participation, or phone, »» To follow where money is allo- List serve email, cated in countries, Monthly newsletter. »» To achieve more transparency • Watchdog: and accountability, including »» Gather information; an audit. »» Ensure backdoor information • Secure monitoring on resolutions flow (information channel from that are not implemented. Pakistan and Afghanistan to • Alert key people in Pakistan and Af- the U.S.) – early information, ghanistan regarding peace process. early warning; action alert; • Form a high council of peace women. »» Create a communication flow • Increase membership of Parliamen- between countries, so that in- tarians Network for Conflict Preven- formation can flow to the U.S. tion. to enable U.S. women to bring • Reach out to women in other conflict- international attention on

STRONGER TOGETHER affected regions (such as Latin Amer- those issues; ica, and Africa). »» Long-term goal: monitor and 26 audit money, e.g. Pentagon At the core of the discussion on what issues spending should take precedence was the need for Conclude strategic partner- a clear definition of what this group is and ships with existing organiza- what it should be called. The following most tions (UN watch, Transparency pressing goals were highlighted for the International). 2014 – 2016 period: • Watch the peace process in Afghani- stan, make sure that women are at the table. STRONGER TOGETHER 27 EastWest Institute Board of Directors

OFFICE OF THE OFFICERS MEMBERS CHAIRMEN John Edwin Mroz (U.S.) Martti Ahtisaari (Finland) Ross Perot, Jr. (U.S.) President, Co-Founder and CEO Former Chairman Chairman EastWest Institute EastWest Institute EastWest Institute 2008 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Chairman R. William Ide III (U.S.) Former President of Finland Hillwood Development Co. LLC Council and Secretary Board of Directors Chair of the Executive Committee Tewodros Ashenafi (Ethiopia) Dell Inc. EastWest Institute Chairman and CEO Partner Southwest Energy (HK) Ltd. Armen Sarkissian (Armenia) McKenna Long and Aldridge LLP Vice Chairman Peter Bonfield (U.K.) EastWest Institute Leo Schenker (U.S.) Chairman President Treasurer NXP Semiconductors Eurasia House International EastWest Institute Former Prime Minister of Senior Executive Vice President Matt Bross (U.S.) Armenia Central National-Gottesman Inc. Chairman and CEO IP Partners

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David Cohen (U.K.) Chairman F&C REIT Property Management Joel Cowan (U.S.) Gen. (ret) James L. Jones (U.S.) Admiral (ret) William A. Owens Professor Former Advisor (U.S.) Georgia Institute of Technology U.S. National Security Chairman Former Supreme Allied Com- AEA Holdings Asia Addison Fischer (U.S.) mander Former Vice Chairman Chairman and Co-Founder Europe U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff Planet Heritage Foundation Former Commandant Marine Corps Sarah Perot (U.S.) Stephen B. Heintz (U.S.) Director and Co-Chair for Develop- President Haifa Al Kaylani ment Rockefeller Brothers Fund (Lebanon/Jordan.) Dallas Center for Performing Arts Founder and Chairperson Hu Yuandong (China) Arab International Women’s Forum Louise Richardson (U.S.) Chief Representative Principal UNIDO ITPO-China Zuhal Kurt (Turkey) University of St. Andrews CEO Emil Hubinak Kurt Enterprises John Rogers (U.S.) (Slovak Republic) Managing Director Chairman and CEO General (ret) T. Michael Goldman Sachs and Co. Logomotion Moseley (U.S.) Moseley and Associates, LLC John Hurley (U.S.) Former Chief of Staff Managing Partner United States Air Force Cavalry Asset Management F. Francis Najafi (U.S.) Amb. Wolfgang Ischinger CEO (Germany) Pivotal Group Chairman Munich Security Conference Amb. Tsuneo Nishida (Japan) Global Head of Permanent Representative Governmental Affairs of Japan to the U.N. Allianz SE Ronald P. O’Hanley (U.S.) Ralph Isham (U.S.) President,Asset Management Managing Director and Corporate Services GH Venture Partners LLC Fidelity Invesments Chairman Laurus Edutech Pvt. Ltd. Amb. Yousef Al Otaiba (U.A.E.) Ambassador Anurag Jain (India) Embassy of the United Arab Emir- Chairman ates in Washington, D.C. Laurus Edutech Pvt. Ltd. George F. Russell, Jr. (U.S.) CO-FOUNDER DIRECTORS EMERITI Former Chairman EastWest Institute Ira D. Wallach* (U.S.) Jan Krzysztof Bielecki (Poland) Chairman Emeritus Former Chairman CEO Russell Investment Group Central National-Gottesman Inc. Bank Polska Kasa Opieki S.A. Founder Co-Founder Former Prime Minister of Poland Russell 20-20 EastWest Institute Emil Constantinescu (Romania) Ramzi H. Sanbar (U.K.) President Chairman CHAIRMEN EMERITI Institute for Regional Cooperation SDC Group Inc. and Conflict Prevention (INCOR) Berthold Beitz* (Germany) Former President of Romania Ikram ul-Majeed Sehgal President (Pakistan) Alfried Krupp von Bohlen William D. Dearstyne (U.S.) Chairman und Halbach-Stiftung Former Company Group Chairman Security & Management Johnson & Johnson Services Ltd. Ivan T. Berend (Hungary) Professor John W. Kluge* (U.S.) Amb. Kanwal Sibal (India) University of California, Los Angeles Former Chairman of the Board Former Foreign Secretary of India Metromedia International Group Francis Finlay (U.K.) Kevin Taweel (U.S.) Former Chairman Maria-Pia Kothbauer Chairman Clay Finlay LLC (Liechtenstein) Asurion Ambassador Hans-Dietrich Genscher Embassy of Liechtenstein to Aus- Amb. Pierre Vimont (France) (Germany) tria, OSCE and the UN in Vienna Executive Secretary General Former Vice Chancellor and Minis- European External Action Service ter of Foreign Affairs William E. Murray* (U.S.) Former Ambassador Former Chairman Embassy of the Republic of France Donald M. Kendall (U.S.) The Samuel Freeman Trust in Washington, D.C. Former Chairman and CEO PepsiCo. Inc. John J. Roberts (U.S.) Alexander Voloshin (Russia) Senior Advisor Chairman of the Board Whitney MacMillan (U.S.) American International Group (AIG) OJSC Uralkali Former Chairman and CEO Cargill Inc. Daniel Rose (U.S.) Amb. Zhou Wenzhong (China) Chairman Secretary-General Mark Maletz (U.S.) Rose Associates Inc. Boao Forum for Asia Chairman, Executive Committee EastWest Institute Mitchell I. Sonkin (U.S.) Senior Fellow Managing Director Harvard Business School MBIA Insurance Corporation NON-BOARD COMMITTEE MEMBERS Thorvald Stoltenberg (Norway) President Laurent Roux (U.S.) Norwegian Red Cross Founder Gallatin Wealth Mangement, LLC Liener Temerlin (U.S.) Chairman Hilton Smith, Jr. (U.S.) Temerlin Consulting President and CEO East Bay Co., LTD John C. Whitehead (U.S.) Former Co-Chairman Goldman Sachs Former U.S. Deputy Secretary of State

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2014 Seeking Solutions for Afghanistan, Part 2 Critical Terminology Foundations 2 Policy Report 2011—2 Russia-U.S. Bilateral on Cybersecurity Policy Report 2014—2 Critical Terminology Foundations Russia-U.S. Bilateral on Cybersecurity A Measure of Restraint in Cyberspace Policy Report 2011—3 Reducing Risk to Civilian Nuclear Assets Policy Report 2014—1 Enhancing Security in Afghanistan and Central Asia through Regional 2013 Cooperation on Water Amu Darya Basin Consultation Report Afghan Narcotrafficking Policy Report 2011—4 A Joint Threat Assessment Policy Report 2013—1 [EN | RU] Fighting Spam to Build Trust China-U.S. Bilateral on Cybersecurity The Path to Zero Policy Report 2011—5 [EN | CH] Report of the 2013 Nuclear Discussion Forum Policy Report 2013—2 Seeking Solutions for Afghanistan, Part 3 Policy Report 2011—6 Threading the Needle Proposals on U.S. and Chinese Actions on Arms Sales to Taiwan 2010 Policy Report 2013—3 Economic Development and Measuring the Cybersecurity Problem Security for Afghanistan Policy Report 2013—4 Increasing Jobs and Income with the Help of the Gulf States Frank Communication & Sensible Policy Report 2010—1 Cooperation to Stem Harmful Hacking Policy Report 2013—5 [EN | CH] Making the Most of Afghanistan’s River Basins Opportunities for Regional Cooperation 2012 Policy Report 2010—2

Bridging the Fault Lines The Reliability of Global Undersea Collective Security in Southwest Asia Communications Cable Infrastructure Policy Report 2012—1 Policy Report 2010—3

Priority International Communications Rights and Responsibilities in Cyberspace Staying Connected in Times of Crisis Balancing the Need for Security and Liberty Policy Report 2012—2 Policy Report 2010—4

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