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Forging New Ties FORGING NEW TIES REPORT FROM THE FIRST MEETING BETWEEN Afghan AND PAKistani WOMEN PARLiamentarians Copyright © 2011 EastWest Institute Photos: AP/Reporters.be ISLAMABAD, JUNE 2011 The EastWest Institute is an international, non-partisan, not-for-profit policy organization focused solely on confronting critical challenges that endanger peace. EWI was established in 1980 as a catalyst to build trust, develop leadership, and promote collaboration for positive change. The institute has offices in New York, Brus- sels, and Moscow. For more information about the EastWest Institute or this paper, please contact: The EastWest Institute 11 East 26th Street, 20th Floor New York, NY 10010 U.S.A. 1-212-824-4100 [email protected], www.ewi.info Afghan parliament members vote on the new Cabinet after foreworD the 2010 elections n June 3 and 4, 2011, the EastWest Institute’s Parliamenta- ry Network for Conflict Prevention1 facilitated the first-ever visit of a delegation of Afghan women parliamentarians to Islamabad. There, the visiting politicians met with their Ofemale colleagues in the Pakistani National Assembly and leading Pakistani political figures, including His Excellency the President of Pakistan Asif Ali Zardari, and the Speaker of the House, Dr. Fehmida Mirza. During the visit, participants from both countries held discussions aimed at strengthening political ties between Afghanistan and Paki- stan, notably among the women parliamentarians themselves. This report summarizes those discussions and presents the Islamabad Action Plan [see Annex I], adopted by participants and endorsed by Dr. Fehmida Mirza. It proposes steps for further cooperation be- tween the two parliaments, and calls for a return visit of Pakistani women lawmakers to Kabul in the fall of 2011. This report gives an overview of the major topics of the discussions that took place during the visit. It does not intend to fully capture all variations of opinions expressed. It does, however, reflect the pre- dominant views of the participants. The EastWest Institute (EWI) is solely responsible for the content as well as any omissions or errors in this report. The meetings were convened with the generous support of the Bel- gian Federal Public Service Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade • EWI and Development Cooperation. The meetings would not have been ies possible without the tremendous dedication of the participants. F T The EastWest Institute (EWI) would like to thank in particular, Dr. org ew Donya Aziz MP, Ms. Asila Wardak, as well as and the Women’s Par- liamentary Caucus of the National Assembly of Pakistan for their ING N ING N contribution in making the meeting possible, as well as the ‘core group’ of participants: Ms. Elay Ershad MP, Dr. Azra Fazal Pechuho ew org T F MP, Ms. Bushra Gohar MP, Ms. Shinkai Karokhail MP, Dr. Attiya In- ayatullah MP, Ms. Gulalei Nur Safi MP, Ms. Razia Sadat MP, and Dr. ies Nafisa Shah MP for their contributions throughout. EWI • EWI 4 5 1 Launched at the European Parliament in Brussels on October 8, 2008, the Parlia- mentarians Network for Conflict Prevention is an initiative of the EastWest Institute (EWI). The Network, comprised of 170 parliamentarians from 58 countries, works to mobilize efforts to prevent violent conflicts through diplomatic initiatives and effec- tive collective action. For more information please visit: www.parliamentariansfor- conflictprevention.net EXECUTIVE SUMMARY fghanistan and Pakistan share a 1500 mile-long border, strong cultural, religious, and economic ties – and a historically complicated relationship. Today, political leaders in both countries are taking positive steps forward to improve the bilateral relationship, which is vital for the region’s overall security. In order for the bilateral relationship Ato deepen further, women should be actively engaged in fostering dialogue between the two political communities. In December 2010, the EastWest Institute (EWI) convened an international conference at the European Parliament in Brussels. The aim: to strengthen the political position of Afghan women parliamentarians as they govern and work for peace. Participants concluded that, by meeting regularly, Afghan and Pakistani women parliamentarians would not only gain practi- cal support, but also contribute to building bilateral trust. Both Pakistani and Afghan partici- pants ultimately called for a follow-up dialogue, which led to the first-ever delegation of Afghan women parliamentarians to Pakistan in June 2011. Before the June meetings, EWI held intense consultations with Afghan and Pakistani women parliamentarians, who identified the main objectives of the delegation: • Establish a network of trusted political friends to jointly identify and collaborate on issues of common concern in order to help advance the bilateral relationship; • Develop a common agenda to shape the work of Afghan and Pakistani women lawmakers as they begin to collaborate on national and bilateral issues, like advancing the role of women in public affairs and the ongoing reconciliation talks with the Taliban; • Share knowledge about legal and administrative procedures that have proven successful in Pakistan and then can be successfully implemented in Afghanistan, in particular legislation aimed at protecting women’s rights and the development of institutions like the Pakistani Institute for Parliamentary Services (PIPS) which provides research support and capacity building programs for parliamentarians. • EWI ies This report summarizes the main conclusions of the delegation’s two-day visit. The first sec- F T tion highlights the value of a regular, ongoing dialogue between Afghan and Pakistani women org ew MPs; the second section outlines the concrete issues on which the women agreed they can and should work together; the third section summarizes participants’ recognition the need for ING N ING N greater cohesion and a common voice among Afghan women parliamentarians. ew org T F During the visit, participants agreed to the Islamabad Action Plan [see Annex I]. The plan out- lines the participants’ commitment to establish women parliamentarians’ advocacy groups ies in both countries, and to work together on issues of common concern, such as an inclusive EWI • EWI reconciliation process and countering militancy. Participants committed to a follow-up visit of 6 Pakistani women parliamentarians to Kabul in the fall of 2011 to monitor progress and deter- 7 Afghan women wait outside a mine a common agenda. polling station to cast their ballots for the parliamentary elections in Mazar-e-Sharif, Afghanistan, September 18, 2010. The Need for Dialogue Development of a common agenda will contribute hroughout the two days in Islamabad, but quotas do not bestow women parliamen- to stronger Afghan and Pakistani participants tarians with the same degree of authority and agreed that a regular dialogue be- influence as men. Women elected to fill quota Members of the two delegations. From left to right, in front: Razia Sadat, Nafisa Shah, Shinkai Karokhail, Gulalei Nur Safi, Azra participation tween women parliamentarians can seats are seldom perceived as more than Fazal Pechuho, Asila Wardak. Back row: Fouzia Ejaz Khan, Donya Aziz, Bushra Gohar, Tasneem Siddiqui, Tahira Aurangzeb, Tand should become an essential part of the mere token players. Quotas may also be used Farzana Mushtaq Ghani, Saira Afzal Tarar, Elay Ershad, Irina Bratosin of women bilateral relationship. Such a dialogue would to create a ceiling on the amount of women in lawmakers in allow participants to build confidence, share the national assembly and preclude women Women in National Parliaments the politics information and set joint agendas. from sitting on general seats (as was the case in the last parliamentary elections when even of the region, It is clear why a regular dialogue between Af- the women candidates who received more Percentage of female members of national legislatures as of June 30, 2011 including a ghan and Pakistani women parliamentarians votes than their male colleagues were as- would be mutually beneficial: women in both signed to quota, rather than general, seats). more active countries share common concerns and chal- 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% role in building lenges that serve as the basis for a vision of The quota system is also applied only to the regional cooperation. Namely, social and re- National Assemblies in both countries. Nei- POLAND peace and ligious norms in both states relegate women ther Afghanistan or Pakistan have women SAUDI ARABIA BELGIUM to more traditional roles with limited public judges in the Supreme Court, and Afghani- INDIA GERMANY stability. ITALY and political influence. Women in the public stan has only one female minister and very QATAR FINLAND sphere tend to be confined to ”soft” issues, few women in leading positions throughout JAPAN UGANDA CHINA • EWI like education and social welfare, and ex- the government apparatus. Therefore, dur- IRAN ICELAND cluded from hard political security dialogues. ing the discussion, participants recommend- THAILAND ies TANZANIA Through a regular dialogue, Afghan and ed that a quota system be initiated in other F T PHILIPPINES CUBA org Pakistani women lawmakers can contribute branches of government. LEBANON ew RUSSIA to confidence building and enhanced secu- SPAIN U.K. SOUTH AFRICA ING N rity for both countries. Developing a common Despite the many problems faced by Paki- NIGERIA ING N TURKEY agenda will also help women lawmakers par- stani women, Pakistan has been quite suc-
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