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Unit 6 – Hebrews Vocabulary (19 terms)

Term Definition Explanation The Hebrews’ religion. Those who believe in it are Judaism is the 5th largest religion in Judaism called Jews. the world. The religions of Christianity and Islam branched off of this religion. Abraham He is considered the founder of Judaism. The Hebrew god made a promise to Abraham and his descendants that if they worshipped him (Judaism), he would bless them. Moses Hebrew who lead his people out of slavery in Egypt to Moses was a very important leader. the “Promised Land.” He was given the first religious laws for Judaism known as the Ten Commandments. Exodus The journey the Hebrews took from Egypt to freedom A lot of important events in Judaism in the “Promised Land.” happened around and during the Exodus. Ten Code of moral and religious laws given to the Many of these laws formed the Commandments Hebrews. basic understanding of right and wrong in our culture. Saul First king Hebrews ever had. Did not make them a Saul began uniting all the 12 tribes nation. First king of Israel (as a people). of Israel, but was an unstable king. Was unable to defeat the Philistines. David Hebrew king who united them and made them one David uniting them all under one nation (Israel). First king of the nation of Israel. ruler and establishing their country made them a civilization. Solomon David’s son. Solomon was king when Israel was its Israel became a world power while strongest. Built a temple for their god in Jerusalem. Solomon was king. Diaspora After being enslaved by the The scattering of Jews outside of Israel. Babylonians, many Jews never returned to their homeland and spread throughout the known world. monotheism The belief in only one true God. Judaism is credited as the first monotheistic religion in history. Today, three of the 5 largest religions are monotheistic. Torah The most sacred book in Judaism. The Torah records the early history of the Jews and the beginning of their religion, including the Ten Commandments. synagogue Jewish temple. This is basically their word for church. It is where they gather to worship. Prophets People who received messages from God and told These prophets often became them to the Hebrews. leaders of the Hebrews, and performed many miracles. Talmud Book of Jewish religious teachings that is sacred to Second most important holy book Judaism. in Judaism. It was written by Jewish teachers and is intended to teach Jews how to live life. Dead Sea Scrolls Scrolls found in a cave near the Dead Sea that These scrolls give us a lot of recorded the history of the Jews about 2,000 years ago. information about a tough time in Jewish history (at war with Rome). It also has a lot of the oldest surviving copies of their holy writings. Zealots Group of very rebellious Jews who were constantly This group was responsible for a lot rebelling against Rome. of the wars with Rome. Some zealots were even assassins. rabbis A rabbi is a lot like a modern-day Jewish religious teacher. Christian pastor. They were responsible for the synagogue and responsible for teaching people about Judaism. Passover Jewish holiday that reminds the Jews of the night the One of the first and most important Angel of Death passed over their homes. Jewish religious holidays. High Holy Days Two most important Jewish holidays. They are Rosh They are celebrated back to back. Hashanah and Yom Kippur. Rosh Hashanah is Jewish New Year, and Yom Kippur is a holiday where Jews get forgiveness of sins. Jews will often fast and pray all day during Yom Kippur.