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Seabird Colony Report, Kodiak Archipelago, Alaska 1975-2011 Robin M U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Refuge Report 02-13 Seabird Colony Report, Kodiak Archipelago, Alaska 1975-2011 Robin M. Corcoran Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge 1390 Buskin River Rd., Kodiak, Alaska 99615 January, 2013 The mission of the National Wildlife Refuge System is to administer a national network of lands and waters for the conservation, management and where appropriate, restoration of the fish, wildlife, and plant resources and their habitats within the United States for the benefit of present and future generations of Americans. Suggested Citation: Corcoran, R.M. 2013. Seabird Colony Report, Kodiak Archipelago, Alaska 1975-2011. Unpubl. Refuge Report 02-13. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge, Kodiak, Alaska. Key words: Alaska, Aleutian tern, Arctic tern, black-legged kittiwake, black oystercatcher, Cepphus Columba, common murre, double-crested cormorant, Fratercula cirrhata, Fratercula corniculata, glaucous-winged gull, Gulf of Alaska, Haematopus bachmani, horned puffin, Kodiak Archipelago, Larus glaucescens, Onychoprion aleuticus, pelagic cormorant, Phalacrocorax auritus, Phalacrocorax pelagicus, Phalacrocorax xurile, pigeon guillemot, population trends, productivity, red-faced cormorant, Rissa tridactyla, seabird colony, Sterna paradisaea, tufted puffin, Uria aalge. Cover Photo: Dave Sinnett, USDA Wildlife Services, August 2009. Disclaimer: The use of trade names of commercial products in this report does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the federal government. Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES, AND APPENDICES ............................................................................................ ii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1 METHODS................................................................................................................................................ 2 Study Area ........................................................................................................................................... 2 Description of the Data Sources: .......................................................................................................... 3 RESULTS .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Species Summaries: ............................................................................................................................. 6 Double-crested Cormorant .............................................................................................................. 7 Red-faced Cormorant ...................................................................................................................... 9 Pelagic Cormorant ......................................................................................................................... 11 Black Oystercatcher ....................................................................................................................... 13 Glaucous-winged Gull .................................................................................................................... 15 Black-legged Kittiwake ................................................................................................................... 17 Arctic Tern ..................................................................................................................................... 19 Aleutian Tern ................................................................................................................................. 21 Common Murre ............................................................................................................................. 23 Pigeon Guillemot ........................................................................................................................... 25 Horned Puffin ................................................................................................................................ 27 Tufted Puffin .................................................................................................................................. 29 DISCUSSION........................................................................................................................................... 31 LITERATURE CITED ................................................................................................................................. 33 i LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES, AND APPENDICES TABLES Table 1. Source, time series, season, number of colonies, and types of seabird colony counts on the Kodiak Archipelago, Alaska, 1975-2011…………………………………………………………………………….. 2 Table 2. Number of colonies by size category and region based on combined number of all seabird species counted in the Kodiak Archipelago, Alaska……………………………………………………… 5 Table 3. Number of seabirds and nests counted during colony surveys of the Kodiak Archipelago in June and July 2008-2010..……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 6 Table 4. Mean number of double-crested cormorants counted at colonies ……………………….……………….. 7 Table 5. Largest double-crested cormorant colonies ………………………………………………………….……………….. 7 Table 6. Mean number of red-faced cormorants counted at colonies …………………………………………………. 9 Table 7. Largest red-faced cormorant colonies ……………………………………………………………………………………. 9 Table 8. Mean number of pelagic cormorants counted at colonies …………………………….…………………….. 11 Table 9. Largest pelagic cormorant colonies …………………..…………………………………………………………………. 11 Table 10. Mean number of black oystercatchers counted at seabird colonies.…………………………………… 13 Table 11. Black oystercatchers locations with over 20 individuals at seabird colonies..…………………….. 13 Table 12. Mean number of glaucous-winged gulls counted at colonies…………..……………………..………….. 15 Table 13. Largest glaucous-winged gull colonies ……………………………………………………………………………….. 15 Table 14. Mean number black-legged kittiwakes counted at colonies ………………………………………………..17 Table 15. Largest black-legged kittiwake colonies………………………………………………………………………………. 17 Table 16. Mean number of Arctic terns counted at colonies ……………………………………………………………… 19 Table 17. Largest Arctic tern colonies.…………………………………………………………………………………………………19 Table 18. Mean number of Aleutian terns counted at colonies …………………………………………………………. 21 Table 19. Largest Aleutian tern colonies ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 21 Table 20. Mean number of common murres counted at colonies ……………………………………………………… 23 Table 21. Largest common murre colonies ………………………………………………………………………………………… 23 Table 22. Mean number of pigeon guillemots counted at colonies …………………………………………………….25 Table 23. Largest pigeon guillemot colonies ……………………………………………………………………………………… 25 Table 24. Mean number of adult horned puffins counted at colonies ……………………………………………….. 27 Table 25. Largest horned puffin colonies …………………………………………………………………………………………… 27 Table 26. Mean number of tufted puffins counted at colonies ………………………………………………………….. 29 Table 27. Largest tufted puffin colonies ……………………………………………………………………………………………..29 Table 28. Mean count per colony and the number of colonies by species comparing 1975-2000 to 2001-2011 on the Kodiak Archipelago, Alaska…………………………………………………………………… 31 Table 29. Count direction of species at seabird colonies counted between 2001-2002 and 2009-2010 on the East and West sides of Kodiak Island, Alaska……………………………………………..32 Table 30. Results of paired t-tests comparing 2001-2002 and 2009-2010 colony counts on the East and West sides of Kodiak Island, Alaska…………………………………………………………………………. 32 ii FIGURES Figure 1. Regions surveyed on the Kodiak Archipelago, Alaska………………………........................................ 3 Figure 2. Seabird colony size based on counts conducted 2008-11………………………………………………………. 5 Figure 3. Double-crested cormorant colony size …………………………………………………………………………………. 8 Figure 4. Double-crested cormorant count 2001-2002 compared to 2008-2010………………………………….. 8 Figure 5. Red-faced cormorant colony ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10 Figure 6. Red-faced cormorant count 2001-2002 compared to 2008-2010………………………………………… 10 Figure 7. Pelagic cormorant colony size …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 12 Figure 8. Pelagic cormorant count 2001-2002 compared to 2008-2010………………………………………………12 Figure 9. Black oystercatcher counts conducted at seabird colonies 2008-2011………………………………... 14 Figure 10. Black oystercatcher counts at seabird colonies 2001-2002 compared to 2008-2010…………. 14 Figure 11. Glaucous-winged gull colony size ……………………………………………………………………………………… 16 Figure 12. Glaucous-winged gull count 2001-2002 compared to 2008-2010………………………………………. 16 Figure 13. Black-legged kittiwake colony size………………………………………………………………………………………18 Figure 14. Black-legged kittiwake count 2001-2002 compared to 2008-2010…………………………………….. 18 Figure 15. Arctic tern colony size ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 20 Figure 16. Arctic tern count 2001-2002 compared to 2008-2010…………………………………………............... 20 Figure 17. Aleutian tern colony size …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22 Figure 18. Aleutian tern count 2001-2002 compared to 2008-2010………………...................................... 22 Figure 19. Common murre colony size ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 24 Figure
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