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Environmental Assessment for Proposed Kodiak Microwave Systems, LLC Telecommunications Project

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Environmental Assessment for Proposed Kodiak Microwave Systems, LLC Telecommunications Project Environmental Assessment for Proposed Kodiak Microwave Systems, LLC Telecommunications Project U.S. Fish United States Fish and Wildlife Service Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge 1390 Buskin River Road Kodiak, AK 99615 June 2016 Photo by Yathin Krishnappa U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Environmental Assessment For the Kodiak Microwave Systems, LLC Telecommunications Project, Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge, Kodiak Island, Alaska This Environmental Assessment (EA) was prepared in accordance with the US Department of Interior Departmental Manual 516, and is in compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (and subsequent amendments) (P.L. 91-190) and the Council on Environmental Quality Regulations dated November 1978 (40 CFR 1500-1508). This EA serves as a public document to briefly provide sufficient evidence and analysis for determining the need to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement or a Finding of No Significant Impact. This EA concisely describes the need for the proposal, a reasonable range of alternatives, and potential environmental impacts of the proposed action and the alternatives. The EA provides a list of the agencies and persons consulted during EA preparation. 1 Table of Contents 1 Introduction & Executive Summary 4 1.1 Purpose and Need 6 1.2 Criteria Being Used to Evaluate the Project 6 1.3 Key Environmental Requirements & Integration of Other Environmental Statutes & Regulations 6 1.4 Non-Federal Permits Required for the Project 8 1.5 Agency and Public Involvement 9 1.6 Government-to-Government Consultation with Federally Recognized Tribes 9 1.7 Summary of Issues 10 2 Proposed Action and Alternatives 13 2.1 Description of the Proposed Action and Alternatives 13 2.2 Alternative 1 (No Action Alternative) 13 2.3 Alternative 3 (Outer Route) - Site Details 14 2.4 Alternative 3 (Outer Route) - Construction Details 16 2.5 Alternative 3 (Outer Route) - Operation and Maintenance 18 2.6 Impact Summary Matrix 18 2.7 Alternative 3 (Outer Route) - Recommended Conservation Measures 23 2.8 Alternatives Considered but Dismissed 25 3 Affected Environment 27 3.1 Physical Environment 28 3.1.1 Soils 28 3.1.2 Hazardous Materials 28 3.2 Biological Environment 29 3.2.1 Vegetation 29 3.2.2 Surfbirds 30 3.2.3 Marbled Murrelet 31 3.2.4 Seabird Colonies 31 3.2.5 Brown Bears 31 3.2.6 Marine Mammals (Steller’s sea lions and northern sea otters) 33 3.3 Social Environment 33 3.3.1 Cultural Resources 34 3.3.2 Socioeconomic 34 3.3.3 Environmental Justice 35 3.3.4 Subsistence 35 3.3.5 Land Use 36 3.3.6 Recreation 37 3.3.8 Noise 38 3.3.9 Visual 40 4 Environmental Consequences 51 4.1 Definitions of Terms 51 4.2 Significance Criteria 52 4.3 Past, Present, or Reasonably Foreseeable Actions 52 2 4.4 Alternative 1 – No Action 53 4.5 Alternative 3 - Affected Resources – Physical Environment 53 4.5.1 Physical Environment – Soils 53 4.5.2 Physical Environment – Hazardous Materials 54 4.6 Alternative 3 - Affected Resources – Biological Environment 55 4.6.1 Biological Environment – Vegetation 55 4.6.2 Biological Environment –Nesting Habitat for Surfbirds, Marbled Murrelets, and Seabirds 56 4.6.3 Biological Environment - Brown Bears (Ursus arctos middendorffi) 58 4.6.4 Marine Mammals (Steller’s sea lions and sea otters) 60 4.7 Alternative 3 - Affected Resources – Social Environment 60 4.7.1 Social Environment – Cultural Resources 60 4.7.2 Social Environment – Socioeconomic 60 4.7.3 Social Environment – Environmental Justice 61 4.7.4 Social Environment – Subsistence 62 4.7.5 Social Environment – Land Use 62 4.7.6 Social Environment – Recreation 63 4.7.7 Social Environment – Noise/Soundscape 64 4.7.8 Social Environment – Visual 66 5 Statement of Environmental Significance of the Proposed Action 69 6 Irreversible and Irretrievable Commitment of Resources 69 7 List of Preparers, Contributors, and Advisors 69 8 References 70 Appendix A. Public Notice 74 Appendix B. Representative Scoping Letter to Native Tribes and Corporations 75 Appendix C. Consultations 76 Appendix E. Compatibility Determination 89 Appendix F. DRAFT Right-of-Way Stipulations 95 Appendix G. ANILCA Section 810 Subsistence Analysis 112 Appendix H. State Historice Preservation Office 117 Appendix I. Received Comment Letters& Response 117 3 1 Introduction & Executive Summary The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS, Service) is considering an application from Kodiak Microwave System, LLC (KMS) to construct a telecommunications project (KMS4), consisting of several remote microwave repeater stations (towers), on the northwest side of Kodiak Island within the Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge (Kodiak Refuge). The project would provide broadband telecommunications services to the remote communities of Larsen Bay and Karluk. These communities currently utilize private satellite networks for telecommunications. These satellite telecommunication networks have limited usefulness due to often slower speeds, frequent delays in connectivity, and low reliability. Without access to broadband internet, Larsen Bay and Karluk lack access to modern educational tools, telemedicine, and economic opportunities. This project would address the need for improved broadband services in Larsen Bay and Karluk by providing high-capacity, high-speed, and low delay connectivity. The improved internet connectivity and reliability would provide residents with increased opportunities to facilitate economic development, and would improve services for health care providers, schools, government, tribal and non-profit entities, and residential users. Alternative 2 is the proposed route by the applicant and would include one microwave repeater station at Larsen Peak and another at Midridge (Alternative 2 (Inner Route)). Alternative 3 (Outer Route) was developed as an additional viable route for consideration whereby three stations would be constructed at Spiridon, Uganik, and Z-Ridge. These would be closer to the coast than those for Alternative 2. Construction of the project is proposed for summer of 2016. Currently there are no installations on Midridge or Larsen Peak. Service radio repeaters were located on Spiridon and Z-Ridge, but are being removed in summer 2016. If approved, a Federal right-of-way (ROW) would be granted to KMS to build the remote microwave repeater stations on the Refuge (Figure 1-1). Preferred Alternative Selection After evaluation of the project and alternatives, the preliminary preferred alternative was determined to be Alternative 2 (Inner Route), the originally proposed action to build repeater stations at Midridge and Larsen Peak. Although the facilities associated with Alternative 2 would be located on lands with wilderness values, they would be less visible, further from critical sea lion haul-outs and seabird colonies, and would require many fewer helicopter flights for construction and maintenance over the life of the project than would facilities associated with Alternative 3 (Outer Route). During the comment period, the applicant informed the Service that Alternative 2 was no longer a viable alternative, because a co-location agreement for use of the Elbow Mountain tower owned by Kodiak Electric Association could not be completed. The Service also received a letter from the Koniag Corporation voicing support for the development of another alternative (Alternative 3). As a result of these comments, the Service revised its preference and now considers Alternative 3 (Outer Route) to be the preferred alternative. Alternative 2 has been re- categorized as an Alternative Considered and Dismissed. 4 Figure 1-1: Facility Locations for Alternatives 2 and 3 5 1.1 PURPOSE AND NEED The purpose of this Environmental Assessment (EA) is for the Service to respond to the application filed by KMS. In compliance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA, 16 USC 51), and the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act (16 U.S. C. 668dd-668ee), Service will evaluate the potential impacts of the proposed action and decide whether or not to issue a ROW permit to build and maintain these microwave repeater stations on the Refuge. This EA will provide sufficient evidence and analysis for determining whether there is potential for significant impact, thus requiring an Environmental Impact Statement, or whether there is justification to prepare a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI). While the KMS4 Project includes additional components to be installed on State of Alaska and private lands, these other components are not the direct actions for which the ROW application is under review in this EA. Under the analysis of cumulative effects for this project, the contribution of all the project components, as well as other activities in the area, will be reviewed in order to understand the overall effect of this action on the human environment. 1.2 CRITERIA BEING USED TO EVALUATE THE PROJECT Table 1-1: Evaluation Criteria Kodiak Microwave Systems LLC Project U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Project Objectives Objectives No new invasive species will be introduced to The project must cost less than $5 million. the Refuge. The towers must have a line of site route with Changes to the natural characteristic of the distances less than 35 miles between towers. interior refuge will be minimized. There will be no new developments in primary Placing towers on lower ridges is preferable bear habitat and disturbance to denning bears due to the lower maintenance costs. will be minimized. Disturbance to bird nesting habitat and Steller’s sea-lion haul-outs will be minimized. 1.3 KEY ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS & INTEGRATION OF OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL STATUTES & REGULATIONS The Service reviews ROW applications under the terms of the National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 (16 U.S. C. 668dd-668ee) as amended, and the regulations found at 50 CFR Part 29. Additional requirements concerning a transportation and utility system within a National Wildlife Refuge are considered under the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA) (16 U.S. C. 3161 et seq.).
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