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Media Response: Genome of the Ancient One (A.K.A. Kennewick Man) Jennifer Raff Department of Anthropology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, [email protected]

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Media Response: Genome of the Ancient One (A.K.A. Kennewick Man) Jennifer Raff Department of Anthropology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, Jennifer.Rafff@Ku.Edu Human Biology Volume 87 | Issue 2 Article 5 2015 Media response: Genome of the Ancient One (a.k.a. Kennewick Man) Jennifer Raff Department of Anthropology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol Recommended Citation Raff, Jennifer (2015) "Media response: Genome of the Ancient One (a.k.a. Kennewick Man)," Human Biology: Vol. 87: Iss. 2, Article 5. Available at: http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol/vol87/iss2/5 Media response: Genome of the Ancient One (a.k.a. Kennewick Man) Abstract The uthora discusses the media treatment of the publication of the genome of the Kennewick Man, an 8,500-year-old burial from Washington, closely related to Northern Native Americans. Keywords The Ancient One, Kennewick Man, media, Native Americans This commentary is available in Human Biology: http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/humbiol/vol87/iss2/5 media response Genome of the Ancient One (a.k.a. Kennewick Man) Jennifer Rafff 1 little over a year ago the complete genome better than that of the Anzick genome paper for sequence of a Clovis individual, the 12,500 several reasons. First, there was very little talk about A Anzick child, was published (Rasmus- the long-discredited “Solutrean hypothesis” (which, sen et al. 2014). His genome gave us a fascinating if it weren’t already in its cofffijin, would have taken glimpse of ancient Native American genetic diver- a further hit with the revelation that Kennewick sity, and new insights into the early peopling of the Man’s genome showed absolutely no evidence of Americas. At the time, however, I was critical about ancient European admixture), and no emphasis media coverage. Several press reports chose to fijind on any “European connections” (which is good controversy in a decidedly non-controversial story because there weren’t any!) (Rafff and Bolnick 2015). by giving undue weight to problematic “alternative” Furthermore, several journalists provided careful, explanations of Native American origins, including nuanced discussions of the long and contentious the Solutrean Hypothesis, and other “European history of research and litigation surrounding contributions” to Native American ancestry. Kennewick Man, which is critically important The press did a much better job this summer for understanding his signifijicance to indigenous in discussing the publication of the ancient Ameri- Americans (Meltzer 2015). An excellent example can genome from the 8,500-year-old burial from is the article written by Ewen Callaway for Nature, Washington popularly called “Kennewick Man,” or which went through the history of the controversy “The Ancient One.” Analyses of Kennewick Man’s and also noted how the discipline has changed in genome showed that he was closely related to other recent years: Native Americans, both ancient and contemporary, and shared genetic ancestry with Northern Native The genome of a famous 8,500-year-old North Americans, including the Colville Tribe (the extent American skeleton, known as Kennewick Man, to which he is related to other North American shows that he is closely related to Native American tribes is yet unknown as we have very little genetic tribes that have for decades been seeking to bury data from Native Americans in the United States). his bones. The fijinding, reported today in Nature, The DNA fijindings refute older hypotheses that seems likely to rekindle a legal dispute between the Kennewick Man was variously of European, Ainu, tribes and the researchers who want to keep study- or South Asian or Polynesian afffijiliation. As with An- ing the skeleton. Yet it comes at a time when many zick and every other ancient American individual scientists—including those studying Kennewick that have been sequenced, the genetic evidence Man—are trying to move past such controversies from Kennewick Man is unequivocal: he is closely by inviting Native Americans to take part in their related to contemporary Native Americans (Ras- research. mussen et al. 2015). The press’ treatment of the results from the In an article for the New York Times, “New Kennewick Man genome paper was considerably DNA results show Kennewick Man was Native 1Department of Anthropology, University of Kansas, 614 Fraser Hall, 1415 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045. E-mail: [email protected]. Human Biology, Spring 2015, v. 87, no. 2, pp. 132–133. Copyright © 2015 Wayne State University Press, Detroit, Michigan 48201 Genome of the Ancient One ■ 133 American,” Carl Zimmer not only discussed the sci- argued that Kennewick Man must be of European ence and the controversial history of the research descent because of the way his skull looks. in a thoughtful way, he also obtained perspectives I was pleased that the focus of the majority of from Native American community members and news articles that I saw was not on giving credence scholars [including Kim TallBear, an Associate Pro- to discredited ideas about Native American history, fessor of Native Studies at the University of Alberta, but rather on discussing the scientifijic, legal, and who has written important critiques about genetic social implications of this work. research with indigenous American populations (TallBear 2015)] to explain why Kennewick Man is so signifijicant and why some Native American literature cited groups in North America are reluctant to partici- Callaway, Ewen. Ancient American genome rekindles legal pate in genetic research. He also interviewed me, row: “Kennewick Man” sequencing points to Native giving me the opportunity to talk about effforts in American ancestry. Nature 522:404–405. doi:10.1038/ American anthropological genetics to make the nature.2015.17797. fijield more inclusive, such as the Summer Intern- Killgrove, Kristina. Without a doubt, Kennewick Man was ship for Native Americans in Genomics program. Native American, anthropologists say. Forbes, June Several additional publications discussed the 18, 2015. results in light of the discrepancy between Ken- Meltzer, D. J. 2015. Kennewick Man: Coming to closure. newick Man’s ancestry determination by morpho- Antiquity 89:1485–1493. logical analysis and genetics. His cranium (as well Rafff, J. A., and D. A. Bolnick. 2015. Does mitochondrial as those of other Paleoindians) has been classifijied haplogroup X indicate ancient trans-Atlantic migration as morphologically “Caucasoid,” which has been to the Americas? A critical re-evaluation. PaleoAmerica cited repeatedly to assert that contemporary Native 1:297–304. Americans do not share genetic afffijinities with Ken- Rasmussen, M., S. Anzick, M. Waters et al. 2014. The genome newick Man. Indian Country Today discussed this in of a Late Pleistocene human of a Clovis buiral site in detail, as did Kristina Killgrove, a bioarchaeologist western Montana. Nature 506:225–229. doi:10.1038/ writing for Forbes. Dr. Killgrove quoted Deborah nature13025. Bolnick (Associate Professor of Anthropology at Rasmussen, M., M. Sikora, A. Albrechtsen et al. 2015. The the University of Texas) on this issue: “Just because ancestry and afffijiliations of Kennewick man. Nature Kennewick Man looked diffferent than later and 523:455–464. doi:10.1038/nature14625. contemporary Native Americans does not mean TallBear, K. 2015. Who owns the Ancient One? BuzzFeed. that he was not related to them. Rather, other fac- http://www.buzzfeed.com/kimtallbear/how-the-man- tors, such as adaptation or local environments or stole-ancient-man-from-his-native-descendents#. random changes over time, may have contributed ol6m5zj8W. to the physical diffferences between Kennewick Taylor, Kevin. DNA proves Kennewick Man, the Ancient One, Man and contemporary Native Americans.” Native; tribes continue fijight for reburial.Indian Country This is an important point from the study to Today Media Network, June 18, 2015. emphasize, particularly because numerous ar- Zimmer, Carl. New DNA results show Kennewick Man was chaeology enthusiasts on online forums have long Native American. New York Times, June 18, 2015..
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