¿Bandoleros O Resistentes?

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

¿Bandoleros O Resistentes? www.vinculosdehistoria.com Núm. 5 | Año 2016 | Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha Directora Raquel Torres Jiménez, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Secretario David Rodríguez González, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Consejo de Redacción Juan Blánquez Pérez, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Laurent Callegarin, Casa de Velázquez Louis Cardaillac, Colegio de Jalisco Juan M. Carretero Zamora, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Ricardo Córdoba de la Llave, Universidad de Córdoba Germán Delibes de Castro, Universidad de Valladolid María Isabel del Val Valdivieso, Universidad de Valladolid Pilar Fernández Uriel, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia Ricardo Franch Benavent, Universidad de Valencia Enrique Gozalbes Cravioto, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Helen Graham, University of London David Igual Luis, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Philippe Josserand, Université de Nantes Kristian Kristiansen, University of Gothenburg Maria José Lop Otín, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Teresa Maria Ortega, Universidad de Granada Porfirio Sanz Camañes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Ángel Ramón Valle Calzado, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Margarita Vallejo Girvés, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares Francisco Villacorta Baños, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Consejo Asesor Mauricio Pastor Muñoz, Universidad de Granada David Abulafia, University of Cambridge Bernard Vincent, EHESS. París Irving A. A. Thompson, University of Keele Manuel Salinas de Frías, Universidad de Salamanca Flocel Sabaté, Universitat de Lleida Fernanda Olival, Universidade de Évora María Encarnación Nicolás Marín, Universidad de Murcia Pierre Moret, Université de Toulouse II-Le Mirail Michael Kunst, Deutches Archäologisches Institut Pierre Guichard, Université de Lyon Josep Fontana Lázaro, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Margarita Díaz-Andreu, Universitat de Barcelona Alfonso Botti, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia Fernando Wulff Alonso, Universidad de Málaga Revisión de textos Lucía Crespo Jiménez Edición digital y soporte informático Raúl Alonso, QWASS, España Fotografía de portada Moisen Saman, Un miembro de la Mara Salvatrucha exhibe sus tatuajes dentro de la prisión de Chelatenango, El Salvador, 2007, con licencia Creative Commons Índice DOSSIER MONOGRÁFICO Bandolerismo y violencia de bandas en la historia. Presentación del dossier Banditry and gang violence in history. Introduction to the dossier ............................................. 11 El lugar del bandolero en el conflicto rural. Una aproximación historiográfica desde la obra de Eric Hobsbawm The place of the bandit in rural conflict. A historiographical approach from the work of Eric Hobsbawm por Óscar BASCUÑÁN AÑOVER y Jesús-Carlos URDA LOZANO .............................................. 15 Canibalismo en el Pleistoceno Cannibalism during the Pleistocene por Juan Carlos DÍEZ FERNÁNDEZ-LOMANA y Antonio J. ROMERO ........................................ 27 Bandidos na Literatura Romana: A importancia das sátiras para uma abordagem histórica do banditismo no início do Principado Bandits in Roman literature: the importance of the satires for addressing the question of banditry at the start of the Principality por Renata GARRAFFONI ...................................................................................................... 41 Bandas armadas en los campos de la Corona de Castilla (siglos XIII-XV) Armed bands in the countryside of the Kingdom of Castile por José María SÁNCHEZ BENITO .......................................................................................... 54 ¿Bandoleros o resistentes? La guerrilla morisca en el reino de Granada a comienzos del siglo XVI Banditry or resistance? Moorish guerrilla warfare in the kingdom of Granada at the beginning of the 16th century por Rafael G. PEINADO SANTAELLA ....................................................................................... 72 Bandolerismo y orden público en el interior peninsular durante el reinado de Carlos IV Banditry and public order in the interior of the Iberian Peninsula during the reign of Carlos IV por Manuel MARTÍN POLO ..................................................................................................... 93 Tiempos de violencia desigual: guerrilleros contra Franco (1939-1952) Times of unequal violence: guerrilla fighters against Franco (1939-1950) por Benito DÍAZ DÍAZ ............................................................................................................. 105 Las bandas juveniles en la sociedad contemporánea: marginalidad y resistencia Youth gangs in contemporary society: marginalisation and resistance por Luca GILIBERTI ........................................................................................................................... 121 MISCELÁNEA ¿Qué queremos decir cuando hablamos de prestigio en arqueología prehistórica? What do we mean when we speak of ‘prestige’ in prehistoric archaeology? por Diego PEDRAZA MARÍN ................................................................................................... 135 Análisis macro y microespacial del abrigo inédito de Puerto Baterno (Agudo, Ciudad Real) y su inserción dentro del arte rupestre esquemático de los Montes de Ciudad Real, Valle de Alcudia y Sierra Madrona Macro- and microspatial analyisis of the newly-discovered cave at Puerto Baterno (Agudo, Ciudad Real) and its place in the schematic rock art found in Montes de Ciudad Real, Valle de Alcudia y Sierra Madrona por Ángel MARCHANTE ORTEGA ............................................................................................ 161 Matemáticas respecto a los castra romanos, relativas a su construcción Mathematics and the construction of the Roman castra por José Francisco FERNÁNDEZ-TEJEDA VELA ...................................................................... 196 La enfermería femenina del área de medicina del Hospital de las Cinco Llagas de Sevilla en los siglos XVI al XVIII Female Nurses in the Medicine Area of the Hospital de las Cinco Llagas in Seville in the XVI and XVIII Centuries por Paula Ermila RIVASPLATA VARILLAS ................................................................................. 212 Las campañas de 1711-1712 en el frente norte catalán durante la guerra de Sucesión: el bloqueo de Gerona y Rosas The Campaigns of 1711-1712 on the Northern Front of Catalonia during the War of Spanish Succession: the blockade of Gerona and Rosas por Antonio ESPINO LÓPEZ .................................................................................................... 237 Blancos perfectos: obsesión y delirio de la Costa Rica del siglo XIX Perfect Whites: Obsession and Delirium of Costa Rica in 19th century por Alonso RODRÍGUEZ CHAVES ........................................................................................... 254 Personificando la revolución. Espartero: carisma en la Revolución de 1840 y su llegada a la Regencia Embodying revolution. Espartero: charisma in the 1840 Revolution and his arrival to the regency por Alberto CAÑAS DE PABLOS ............................................................................................. 270 Un pasaporte hacia la libertad. Súplicas y solicitudes de los exiliados españoles al Comité Técnico de Ayuda a los Republicanos Españoles (CTARE) A passport to freedom: Spanish refugees’ supplications and requests to CTARE por Guadalupe ADÁMEZ CASTRO .......................................................................................... 290 La Sección Femenina y las campañas de vacunación obligatoria contra la difteria en España en las páginas de La Vanguardia (1940-1955) The Women’s Section and compulsory vaccination campaigns against diphtheria in Spain published in the newspaper La Vanguardia (1940-1955) por Alberto GONZÁLEZ GARCÍA ............................................................................................. 309 4 | Vínculos de Historia, núm. 5 (2016) RESEÑAS BALANCE HISTORIOGRÁFICO. Reflejos en el medievalismo y en los medievalistas del cambio de una época: de un balance a un compromiso por Juan Francisco JIMÉNEZ ALCÁZAR .................................................................................. 333 Stefano DE MARTINO, Hurrian Personal Names in the Kingdom of Hatti, Florencia, LoGisma Editore, 2011 por Juan Carlos Oliva MOMPEÁN ......................................................................................... 344 Jean Marie LASSÈRE, Africa quasi Roma, 256 av. J. C.-711 apr. J. C., Aix-en-Provence, Études d’Antiquités Africaines, CNRS Éditions, 2015 por Enrique GOZALBES Cravioto ....................................................................................... 346 José Ángel GARCÍA DE CORTÁZAR y Ramón TEJA (coords.), El ritmo cotidiano de la vida en el monasterio medieval, Aguilar de Campoo, Fundación Santa María la Real/Centro de Estudios del Románico, 2015 por Jaime GARCÍA CARPINTERO ........................................................................................... 348 Philippe JOSSERAND, Luís F. OLIVEIRA y Damien CARRAZ (eds.), Élites et ordres militaires au Moyen Âge. Rencontre autour d’Alain Demurger, Madrid, Casa de Velázquez, 2015 por Raquel TORRES JIMéNEZ ................................................................................................ 351 Patrice CRESSIER y Vicente SALVATIERRA CUENCA (eds.), Las Navas de Tolosa. 1212-2012. Miradas cruzadas, Jaén, Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Jaén, 2014 por David GALLEGO VALLE ..................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Bibliography
    Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza­ Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthropology
    CALIFOR!:HA STATE UNIVERSI'fY, NO:R'l'HRIDGE 'l'HE EVOLUTIONARY SCHENES 0!.'' NEANDER.THAL A thesis su~nitted in partial satisfaction of tl:e requirements for the degree of Naste.r of A.rts Anthropology by Sharon Stacey Klein The Thesis of Sharon Stacey Klein is approved: Dr·,~ Nike West. - Dr. Bruce Gelvin, Chair California s·tate University, Northridge ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ·There are many people I would like to thank. Firs·t, the members of my corr.mi ttee who gave me their guidance and suggestions. Second, rny family and friends who supported me through this endea7cr and listened to my constant complaining. Third, the people in my office who allowed me to use my time to complete ·this project. Specifically, I appreciate the proof-reading done by my mother and the French translations done by Mary Riedel. ii.i TABLE OF' CONTENTS PAGE PRELIMINA:H.Y MATEIUALS : Al")stra-:-:t vi CHAP'I'ERS: I. Introduction 1 II. Methodology and Materials 4 III. Classification of Neanderthals 11 Species versus Subspecies Definitions of Neanderthals 16 V. The Pre-sapiens Hypothesis .i9 VI. The Unilinear Hypothesis 26 Horphological Evidence Transi tiona.l Sp.. ::;:cimens T'ool Complexes VII. The Pre-Neanderthal Hypothesis 58 Morphological Evidence Spectrum Hypothesis "Classic'1 Neanderthal's Adaptations Transitional Evidence Tool Complexes VIII. Sumnary and Conclusion 90 Heferences Cited 100 1. G~<ological and A.rchaeoloqical 5 Subdivisions of the P1eistoce!1e 2. The Polyphyletic Hypothesis 17 3. The Pre-sapiens Hypothesis 20 4. The UnilinPar Hypothesis 27 iv FIGUHES: P.Z\GE 5. Size Comparisons of Neanderthal 34 and Australian Aborigine Teeth 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Belief, Ritual, and the Evolution of Religion
    Belief, Ritual, and the Evolution of Religion Oxford Handbooks Online Belief, Ritual, and the Evolution of Religion Matt J. Rossano and Benjamin Vandewalle The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology and Religion Edited by James R. Liddle and Todd K. Shackelford Subject: Psychology, Personality and Social Psychology Online Publication Date: Oct 2016 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199397747.013.8 Abstract and Keywords This chapter outlines an evolutionary scenario for the emergence of religion. From cognitive science, four mental prerequisites of religious cognition are discussed: (1) hyperactive agency detection, (2) theory of mind, (3) imagination, and (4) altered states of consciousness. Evidence for these prerequisites in nonhuman primates suggests their presence in our early hominin ancestors. From comparative psychology, evidence of ritual behavior in nonhuman primates and other species is reviewed. Archeological evidence of ritual behavior is also discussed. Collectively, these data indicate that the first step toward religion was an elaboration of primate social rituals to include group synchronized activities such as dancing, chanting, and singing. Control of fire, pigment use, and increasing brain size would have intensified group synchronized rituals over time, which, in the context of increased intergroup interactions, eventually led to the first evidence of supernatural ritual at about 70,000 years before present. Keywords: agency detection, burial, cave art, costly signals, evolution, religion, ritual, synchronized movement, theory of mind Anyone interested in probing the evolutionary origins of religion faces a formidable challenge: Belief is central to religion, and belief does not fossilize in the archeological record. Looking at a half-million-year-old Acheulean hand axe may tell us something about the maker’s technical skills, diet, hunting practices, and lifestyle, but very little about his or her beliefs—let alone the supernatural beliefs inherent to most religions.
    [Show full text]
  • New Fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco and the Pan-African Origin of Homo Sapiens Jean-Jacques Hublin1,2, Abdelouahed Ben-Ncer3, Shara E
    LETTER doi:10.1038/nature22336 New fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco and the pan-African origin of Homo sapiens Jean-Jacques Hublin1,2, Abdelouahed Ben-Ncer3, Shara E. Bailey4, Sarah E. Freidline1, Simon Neubauer1, Matthew M. Skinner5, Inga Bergmann1, Adeline Le Cabec1, Stefano Benazzi6, Katerina Harvati7 & Philipp Gunz1 Fossil evidence points to an African origin of Homo sapiens from a group called either H. heidelbergensis or H. rhodesiensis. However, a the exact place and time of emergence of H. sapiens remain obscure because the fossil record is scarce and the chronological age of many key specimens remains uncertain. In particular, it is unclear whether the present day ‘modern’ morphology rapidly emerged approximately 200 thousand years ago (ka) among earlier representatives of H. sapiens1 or evolved gradually over the last 400 thousand years2. Here we report newly discovered human fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, and interpret the affinities of the hominins from this site with other archaic and recent human groups. We identified a mosaic of features including facial, mandibular and dental morphology that aligns the Jebel Irhoud material with early or recent anatomically modern humans and more primitive neurocranial and endocranial morphology. In combination with an age of 315 ± 34 thousand years (as determined by thermoluminescence dating)3, this evidence makes Jebel Irhoud the oldest and richest African Middle Stone Age hominin site that documents early stages of the H. sapiens clade in which key features of modern morphology were established. Furthermore, it shows that the evolutionary processes behind the emergence of H. sapiens involved the whole African continent. In 1960, mining operations in the Jebel Irhoud massif 55 km south- east of Safi, Morocco exposed a Palaeolithic site in the Pleistocene filling of a karstic network.
    [Show full text]
  • Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia
    World Heritage papers41 HEADWORLD HERITAGES 4 Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia VOLUME I In support of UNESCO’s 70th Anniversary Celebrations United Nations [ Cultural Organization Human Origin Sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia Nuria Sanz, Editor General Coordinator of HEADS Programme on Human Evolution HEADS 4 VOLUME I Published in 2015 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France and the UNESCO Office in Mexico, Presidente Masaryk 526, Polanco, Miguel Hidalgo, 11550 Ciudad de Mexico, D.F., Mexico. © UNESCO 2015 ISBN 978-92-3-100107-9 This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Cover Photos: Top: Hohle Fels excavation. © Harry Vetter bottom (from left to right): Petroglyphs from Sikachi-Alyan rock art site.
    [Show full text]
  • Life and Death at the Pe Ş Tera Cu Oase
    Life and Death at the Pe ş tera cu Oase 00_Trinkaus_Prelims.indd i 8/31/2012 10:06:29 PM HUMAN EVOLUTION SERIES Series Editors Russell L. Ciochon, The University of Iowa Bernard A. Wood, George Washington University Editorial Advisory Board Leslie C. Aiello, Wenner-Gren Foundation Susan Ant ó n, New York University Anna K. Behrensmeyer, Smithsonian Institution Alison Brooks, George Washington University Steven Churchill, Duke University Fred Grine, State University of New York, Stony Brook Katerina Harvati, Univertit ä t T ü bingen Jean-Jacques Hublin, Max Planck Institute Thomas Plummer, Queens College, City University of New York Yoel Rak, Tel-Aviv University Kaye Reed, Arizona State University Christopher Ruff, John Hopkins School of Medicine Erik Trinkaus, Washington University in St. Louis Carol Ward, University of Missouri African Biogeography, Climate Change, and Human Evolution Edited by Timothy G. Bromage and Friedemann Schrenk Meat-Eating and Human Evolution Edited by Craig B. Stanford and Henry T. Bunn The Skull of Australopithecus afarensis William H. Kimbel, Yoel Rak, and Donald C. Johanson Early Modern Human Evolution in Central Europe: The People of Doln í V ĕ stonice and Pavlov Edited by Erik Trinkaus and Ji ří Svoboda Evolution of the Hominin Diet: The Known, the Unknown, and the Unknowable Edited by Peter S. Ungar Genes, Language, & Culture History in the Southwest Pacifi c Edited by Jonathan S. Friedlaender The Lithic Assemblages of Qafzeh Cave Erella Hovers Life and Death at the Pe ş tera cu Oase: A Setting for Modern Human Emergence in Europe Edited by Erik Trinkaus, Silviu Constantin, and Jo ã o Zilh ã o 00_Trinkaus_Prelims.indd ii 8/31/2012 10:06:30 PM Life and Death at the Pe ş tera cu Oase A Setting for Modern Human Emergence in Europe Edited by Erik Trinkaus , Silviu Constantin, Jo ã o Zilh ã o 1 00_Trinkaus_Prelims.indd iii 8/31/2012 10:06:30 PM 3 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.
    [Show full text]
  • Los Neandertales En La Península Ibérica
    MUNIBE (Antropologia-Arkeologia) 57 Homenaje a Jesús Altuna 289-314 SAN SEBASTIAN 2005 ISSN 1132-2217 Los Neandertales en la Península Ibérica The Neandertals from the Iberian Peninsula PALABRAS CLAVE: Neandertales, fósiles humanos, Península Ibérica, cronología, yacimientos, morfología, evolución. KEY WORDS: Neandertals, Human fossils, Iberian Peninsula, chronology, sites, morphology, evolution. María Dolores GARRALDA* RESUMEN Este trabajo es una síntesis de los datos existentes sobre los Neandertales encontrados en la Península Ibérica. La exposición comienza con una breve introducción explicando el origen del nombre con que se conoce a este grupo humano, y continúa con algunas consideracio- nes sobre la dispersión cronológica de los Neandertales y los problemas de la identificación de sus orígenes. Los más importantes hallazgos de la Península Ibérica son luego descritos, agrupándolos en cinco grandes regiones geográficas. Para ca- da yacimiento se detalla un resumen de los datos cronoestratigráficos y de las características antropológicas de los fósiles. Cabe recordar que muchos de ellos aparecieron hace mucho tiempo, provocando que datos cruciales no hubieran sido recogidos por las circunstancias, pero también es verdad que problemas relacionados con el exacto contexto estratigráfico afectan también a algunos de los descubrimientos más recientes. La interpretación de la morfología de los restos humanos es complicada por esos difíciles problemas y además porque la mayor parte de ellos consisten en fragmentos aislados e incompletos.
    [Show full text]
  • Michelle C. Langley Editor
    Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series Michelle C. Langley Editor Osseous Projectile Weaponry Towards an Understanding of Pleistocene Cultural Variability Osseous Projectile Weaponry Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series Edited by Eric Delson Vertebrate Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History New York, NY 10024,USA [email protected] Eric J. Sargis Anthropology, Yale University New Haven, CT 06520,USA [email protected] Focal topics for volumes in the series will include systematic paleontology of all vertebrates (from agnathans to humans), phylogeny reconstruction, functional morphology, Paleolithic archaeology, taphonomy, geochronology, historical biogeography, and biostratigraphy. Other fields (e.g., paleoclimatology, paleoecology, ancient DNA, total organismal community structure) may be considered if the volume theme emphasizes paleobiology (or archaeology). Fields such as modeling of physical processes, genetic methodology, nonvertebrates or neontology are out of our scope. Volumes in the series may either be monographic treatments (including unpublished but fully revised dissertations) or edited col- lections, especially those focusing on problem-oriented issues, with multidisciplinary coverage where possible. Editorial Advisory Board Ross D. E. MacPhee (American Museum of Natural History), Peter Makovicky (The Field Museum), Sally McBrearty (University of Connecticut), Jin Meng (American Museum of Natural History), Tom Plummer (Queens College/CUNY). More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/6978
    [Show full text]
  • Timeline for Homo Sapiens - 3Rd Edition from 2.5M B.C.E
    Timeline for Homo sapiens - 3rd Edition From 2.5M B.C.E. to 300,000 B.C.E. Hominin Species had organized the 1st Industrial Complexes making stone tools in quantities. By 1.8M B.C.E. hand axes and stone points that were flaked on two sides, hominins are demonstrating skill and technique. Undisputed evidence of a footprint that dates to 1.5M B.C.E. of a, "most Many Glacial likely", Homo erectus walking upright in Africa. Homo erectus fossils have been dated and from 1.8M B.C.E. to the 210,000 B.C.E. (12 discoveries are outside of Africa). Bone Interglacial Tools are found at the same epoch. From 1.5M B.C.E. to 790,000 B.C.E. evidence of Epochs occur hearths and cooking. The 1st living species that took control of fire. 500,000 B.C.E. over the 2.5 Hominin Species are hunting large animals with spears. Four wooden spears dated million years circa 400,000 B.C.E. have been found in Germany in 1995. Use of pigments on the body B.C.E. to and painting developed next around 400,000 B.C.E. to 300,000 B.C.E.. Descended from 300,000 B.C.E.. Sea levels rise Homo heidelbergensis, Homo neanderthalensis exists as a distinct species from around and fall 300ft 600,000 B.C.E./500,000 B.C.E. to around 26,000 B.C.E. and no fossils exist that are on average. younger than this time. 570,000/470,000 years tops Homo Sapiens by 370,000/270,000 Average years of existence as a distinct species.
    [Show full text]
  • Consuming Passions: Reviewing the Evidence for Cannibalism Within the Prehistoric Archaeological Record by James Cole
    Consuming Passions: Reviewing the Evidence for Cannibalism within the Prehistoric Archaeological Record by James Cole Abstract The aim of this paper is to review a sample of the evidence for hominin cannibalism within the prehistoric archaeological record. The review aims to ascertain whether testable motivations and social contexts for prehistoric cannibalism can presently be offered through current interpretative techniques. This paper will also attempt to identify any discernable patterns to the act of cannibalism within the prehistoric record, whether these patterns are consistent across time and space, and will discuss the interpretive behavioural implications for any patterns found. This will be achieved through a comparative examination of six possible prehistoric cannibal sites from different temporal and geographical zones and hominin species, examined through a particular categorising system of signatures in order to identify the specific type of cannibalism conducted. An examination of cannibalistic practices within the natural world and the genetic claims for prehistoric cannibalism are also discussed here in order to place hominin cannibalistic practices in the wider contexts of time and nature to allow for a more objective review of the hominin evidence. Keywords: cannibalism, signatures, patterns, genetics, nature Introduction Cannibalism amongst modern humans and their ancestors has always been a taboo topic which modern society finds to be both controversial and uncomfortable. By definition, a cannibal is “a person or animal that eats any type of tissue of another individual of its own kind” (Andrews and Fernandez-Jalvo 2003: 59). References to cannibal practices have been suggested all over the world in both prehistoric and historic periods.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissonant Heritages and Memories in Contemporary Europe
    PALGRAVE STUDIES IN CULTURAL HERITAGE AND CONFLICT Dissonant Heritages and Memories in Contemporary Europe Tuuli Lähdesmäki · Luisa Passerini Sigrid Kaasik-Krogerus · Iris van Huis Palgrave Studies in Cultural Heritage and Confict Series Editors Ihab Saloul University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands Rob van der Laarse University of Amsterdam Amsterdam, The Netherlands Britt Baillie Centre for Urban Conficts Research University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK This book series explores the relationship between cultural heritage and confict. The key themes of the series are the heritage and memory of war and confict, contested heritage, and competing memories. The series editors seek books that analyze the dynamics of the past from the perspective of tangible and intangible remnants, spaces, and traces as well as heritage appropriations and restitutions, signifcations, museal- izations, and mediatizations in the present. Books in the series should address topics such as the politics of heritage and confict, identity and trauma, mourning and reconciliation, nationalism and ethnicity, dias- pora and intergenerational memories, painful heritage and terrorscapes, as well as the mediated reenactments of conficted pasts. Dr. Ihab Saloul is associate professor of cultural studies, founder and research vice-di- rector of the Amsterdam School for Heritage, Memory and Material Culture (AHM) at University of Amsterdam. Saloul’s interests include cultural memory and identity politics, narrative theory and visual anal- ysis, confict and trauma, Diaspora and migration as well as contempo- rary cultural thought in the Middle East. Professor Rob van der Laarse is research director of the Amsterdam School for Heritage, Memory and Material Culture (AHM), and Westerbork Professor of Heritage of Confict and War at VU University Amsterdam.
    [Show full text]
  • Canibalismo En El Pleistoceno
    ISSN 2254-6901 | Vínculos de Historia, núm. 5 (2016) | pp. 27-40 http://dx.doi.org/10.18239/vdh.v0i5.003 Canibalismo en el Pleistoceno Cannibalism during the Pleistocene J. Carlos Díez Fernández-Lomana Universidad de Burgos Antonio J. Romero Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea Fecha de recepción: 21.12.15 Fecha de aceptación: 29.03.2016 RESUMEN El consumo de miembros de la misma especie acontece en numerosos organismos y debió ser practicado por los humanos durante la Prehistoria, aunque su reconocimiento arqueológico es difícil. En muchas ocasiones podemos demostrar la intervención sobre los cuerpos, pero no si hubo ingesta de la carne. Tampoco es sencillo saber las causas concretas de cada acción de canibalismo, debido a que las evidencias halladas suelen ser magras y pueden interpretarse bajo diferentes hipótesis (equifinalidad). Hemos avanzado mucho en la caracterización de las señales dejadas por el empleo de armas y cuchillos sobre los cuerpos, pero nuestra complejidad cultural produce dificultades para definir las motivaciones de los comportamientos pretéritos. Trataremos de actualizar las evidencias que poseemos sobre antropofagia en el registro arqueológico, en particular para los períodos más antiguos y para el ámbito ibérico, tratando de plantear posibles motivos en cada caso y ver si hay patrones o tendencias a nivel de especie, época, sistema económico o creencias. Los casos documentados parecen avalar un canibalismo de tipo gastronómico entre los cazadores-recolectores simples, al que se le reviste de ritualidad entre los cazadores complejos. De todas formas, desde sus primeras manifestaciones en Atapuerca TD6, apreciamos una clara consciencia en la identificación y distinción de los seres humanos respecto a otras presas por parte de los homininos.
    [Show full text]