some major revolts 1590-1660: Gautiers in Normandy, Brittany 1589-91 Tard-Avisés in Perigord, Saintonge (1594-95) =dark-shaded areas revolts in 1636 Angoumois and Saintonge, 1636-7 Va-Nu-Pieds, Normandy, 1639 Va-Nu-Pieds, Rouergue, 1643 The “mid-17th century crisis” in Europe:

1640 revolt of Catalonia and Portugal against Castile 1642 execution of Charles I in England 1647 revolt of Naples against Spain 1650 coup d’etat in Low Countries (from hard-line Calvinists to Arminians)

In France, the Fronde in 2 stages: parlementary Fronde 1648-49 Fronde des Princes 1650-53 Louis XIV lit de justice 1651 Louis XIV coronation 1654 Anne of Austria painting by Rubens, 1625

broke Louis XIII’s will with help of chancellor to give herself full powers as regent Jules Mazarin (1602-61), papal nuncio at French court; trained by Richelieu and succeeded him as chief minister at his death in 1642 Peace of Westphalia, 1648, ends the 30 years’ war France gets Metz, Toul and Verdun À la malheure, Mazarin, Du pays d’où vient Tabarin, Es-tu venu troubler le nostre ! Êtes-vous du parti, …………………….. Mon ami, Trousse bagage et vistement. De Condé, Longueville et Conti ? …………………….. Va-t’en dans Rome estaller Les biens qu’on t’a laissé voler.

“Mazarinades”:poems, ditties, songs mocking Mazarin over 5000 of them most by writers in the pay of one of the principal actors “Le Grand Condé” : Louis II de Bourbon, prince of the blood (a cousin of H IV)

victor ag Spanish in 1643 at Rocroi = a war hero natural allies: a brother (Prince de Conti) + brother-in-law (Longueville)

restless after Westphalia, ambitious, dislikes court life, distrusted by Anne who has him arrested. But his allies trigger civil war; he is released, defects to Spain. Returns to F in 1659. Louis XIV terrassant la Fronde =crushing the Fronde statue at château de Chantilly late 17th coronation of Louis XIV in Reims 1654