DOCSLIB.ORG

Louis XIV Is France

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Louis XIV Is France “DURING THE TIME MEN LIVE WITHOUT A COMMON POWER TO KEEP THEM IN AWE, THEY ARE IN A CONDITION CALLED WAR... AND THE LIFE OF MAN, SOLITARY, POOR, NASTY, BRUTISH, AND SHORT...” - THOMAS HOBBES, LEVIATHAN Thursday, November 21, 2013 DEVELOPMENT OF ABSOLUTISM Thursday, November 21, 2013 DEVELOPMENT OF ABSOLUTISM France had strong tradition of political freedom - consisted of over 300 local, quasi-autonomous law systems Thursday, November 21, 2013 DEVELOPMENT OF ABSOLUTISM France had strong tradition of political freedom - consisted of over 300 local, quasi-autonomous law systems Parlements - approx. 1 dozen powerful, regional gov’t/ court systems wielded considerable power (Paris’ was greatest) Thursday, November 21, 2013 DEVELOPMENT OF ABSOLUTISM France had strong tradition of political freedom - consisted of over 300 local, quasi-autonomous law systems Parlements - approx. 1 dozen powerful, regional gov’t/ court systems wielded considerable power (Paris’ was greatest) The Fronde - a rebellion by nobles and parlements against Cardinal Mazarin, regent of the adolescent L. XIV Thursday, November 21, 2013 DEVELOPMENT OF ABSOLUTISM France had strong tradition of political freedom - consisted of over 300 local, quasi-autonomous law systems Parlements - approx. 1 dozen powerful, regional gov’t/ court systems wielded considerable power (Paris’ was greatest) The Fronde - a rebellion by nobles and parlements against Cardinal Mazarin, regent of the adolescent L. XIV Chaos of the Fronde turned peasants & bourgeoisie against nobles to support a strong king to restore order Thursday, November 21, 2013 ABSOLUTISM Thursday, November 21, 2013 ABSOLUTISM Absolutism - def. - the philosophy that a lawful king should monopolize law and force. Thursday, November 21, 2013 ABSOLUTISM Absolutism - def. - the philosophy that a lawful king should monopolize law and force. Purpose - to retain order and security w/in the state, and control armed forces to use against other states Thursday, November 21, 2013 ABSOLUTISM Absolutism - def. - the philosophy that a lawful king should monopolize law and force. Purpose - to retain order and security w/in the state, and control armed forces to use against other states BISHOP BOSSUET - principle proponent of Absolutism Thursday, November 21, 2013 ABSOLUTISM Absolutism - def. - the philosophy that a lawful king should monopolize law and force. Purpose - to retain order and security w/in the state, and control armed forces to use against other states BISHOP BOSSUET - principle proponent of Absolutism - divine right: king = God’s representative on Earth Thursday, November 21, 2013 ABSOLUTISM Absolutism - def. - the philosophy that a lawful king should monopolize law and force. Purpose - to retain order and security w/in the state, and control armed forces to use against other states BISHOP BOSSUET - principle proponent of Absolutism - divine right: king = God’s representative on Earth - royal power must be just & absolute - like God’s will Thursday, November 21, 2013 ABSOLUTISM Absolutism - def. - the philosophy that a lawful king should monopolize law and force. Purpose - to retain order and security w/in the state, and control armed forces to use against other states BISHOP BOSSUET - principle proponent of Absolutism - divine right: king = God’s representative on Earth - royal power must be just & absolute - like God’s will - the king was above ALL other sources of authority Thursday, November 21, 2013 ABSOLUTISM Absolutism - def. - the philosophy that a lawful king should monopolize law and force. Purpose - to retain order and security w/in the state, and control armed forces to use against other states BISHOP BOSSUET - principle proponent of Absolutism - divine right: king = God’s representative on Earth - royal power must be just & absolute - like God’s will - the king was above ALL other sources of authority “L’etat c’est moi” - the state is myself - Louis XIV is France Thursday, November 21, 2013 Louis XIV AKA - The “Sun King” Thursday, November 21, 2013 Louis XIV: Absolutism & Its Limits The Fronde - 1648 - 1653 Thursday, November 21, 2013 Louis XIV: Absolutism & Its Limits The Fronde - 1648 - 1653 The Fronde - rebellion against French Crown - named for child’s slingshot Thursday, November 21, 2013 Louis XIV: Absolutism & Its Limits The Fronde - 1648 - 1653 The Fronde - rebellion against French Crown - named for child’s slingshot Cardinal Mazarin - served as regent to young Louis XIV along with Anne of Austria, his mother Thursday, November 21, 2013 Louis XIV: Absolutism & Its Limits The Fronde - 1648 - 1653 The Fronde - rebellion against French Crown - named for child’s slingshot Cardinal Mazarin - served as regent to young Louis XIV along with Anne of Austria, his mother - coalition of domestic opponents rebelled over financial pressures of fighting the Thirty Years’ War Thursday, November 21, 2013 Louis XIV: Absolutism & Its Limits The Fronde - 1648 - 1653 The Fronde - rebellion against French Crown - named for child’s slingshot Cardinal Mazarin - served as regent to young Louis XIV along with Anne of Austria, his mother - coalition of domestic opponents rebelled over financial pressures of fighting the Thirty Years’ War - Nobles wanted to regain power & local influence, middle & lower classes wanted tax relief Thursday, November 21, 2013 Louis XIV: Absolutism & Its Limits The Fronde - 1648 - 1653 The Fronde - rebellion against French Crown - named for child’s slingshot Cardinal Mazarin - served as regent to young Louis XIV along with Anne of Austria, his mother - coalition of domestic opponents rebelled over financial pressures of fighting the Thirty Years’ War - Nobles wanted to regain power & local influence, middle & lower classes wanted tax relief - rebels failed due to lack of organization & in-fighting Thursday, November 21, 2013 Louis XIV: Absolutism & Its Limits The Fronde - 1648 - 1653 The Fronde - rebellion against French Crown - named for child’s slingshot Cardinal Mazarin - served as regent to young Louis XIV along with Anne of Austria, his mother - coalition of domestic opponents rebelled over financial pressures of fighting the Thirty Years’ War - Nobles wanted to regain power & local influence, middle & lower classes wanted tax relief - rebels failed due to lack of organization & in-fighting - Fronde’s effect - LXIV’s life-long quest to monopolize all power Thursday, November 21, 2013 Court Culture as an Element of Absolutism Thursday, November 21, 2013 Court Culture as an Element of Absolutism - Nobles - had local autonomy, maintained own fighting forces Thursday, November 21, 2013 Court Culture as an Element of Absolutism - Nobles - had local autonomy, maintained own fighting forces - Louis sought to reduce their ability to cause trouble by making himself the center of all political & economic activity Thursday, November 21, 2013 Court Culture as an Element of Absolutism - Nobles - had local autonomy, maintained own fighting forces - Louis sought to reduce their ability to cause trouble by making himself the center of all political & economic activity - sold offices, granted gifts & pensions to all nobles who cooperated - he made his court the center of all activity & called upon nobles to attend frequent, lavish events that revolved around him Thursday, November 21, 2013 Court Culture as an Element of Absolutism - Nobles - had local autonomy, maintained own fighting forces - Louis sought to reduce their ability to cause trouble by making himself the center of all political & economic activity - sold offices, granted gifts & pensions to all nobles who cooperated - he made his court the center of all activity & called upon nobles to attend frequent, lavish events that revolved around him Versailles - his massive new palace that epitomized his control - it awed his nobles & opponents into compliance w/ his agenda Thursday, November 21, 2013 Court Culture as an Element of Absolutism - Nobles - had local autonomy, maintained own fighting forces - Louis sought to reduce their ability to cause trouble by making himself the center of all political & economic activity - sold offices, granted gifts & pensions to all nobles who cooperated - he made his court the center of all activity & called upon nobles to attend frequent, lavish events that revolved around him Versailles - his massive new palace that epitomized his control - it awed his nobles & opponents into compliance w/ his agenda Politics and the Arts Thursday, November 21, 2013 Court Culture as an Element of Absolutism - Nobles - had local autonomy, maintained own fighting forces - Louis sought to reduce their ability to cause trouble by making himself the center of all political & economic activity - sold offices, granted gifts & pensions to all nobles who cooperated - he made his court the center of all activity & called upon nobles to attend frequent, lavish events that revolved around him Versailles - his massive new palace that epitomized his control - it awed his nobles & opponents into compliance w/ his agenda Politics and the Arts LXIV patronized the arts & insisted they be dedicated to his own glorification - he often acted in operas & played lead roles Thursday, November 21, 2013 Thursday, November 21, 2013 Thursday, November 21, 2013 Enforcing Religious Orthodoxy - LXIV ruled by divine right & insisted on religious conformity Thursday, November 21, 2013 Enforcing Religious Orthodoxy - LXIV ruled by divine right & insisted on religious conformity - Jansenists - Catholics who followed Dutch theologian Cornelius Jansen - engaged in Protestant-like
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Volume 13 Number 078 Fronde, Early Modern French Social Revolt – I
    Volume 13 Number 078 Fronde, Early Modern French Social Revolt – I Lead: From 1648 through 1653, early modern French society was in turmoil that in its various phases was known as the Fronde. Intro.: A Moment in Time with Dan Roberts. Content: The Fronde is a “slingshot” a device with which the urban French broke the windows of the city and the status quo of early modern France. It was both the symbol and the name of the mayhem that gripped France late in the transition years between the death of Louis XIII and the consolidation of power by his son King Louis XIV, the Sun-King. For the sake of clarity some scholars have divided the period into three distinct outbursts, the Fronde Parlementaire, the royal family Fronde, and the religious Fronde, but in reality the Frondes constituted a far more complex phenomenon. They animated a variety of resistive impulses and directed open public anger and rebellion against the oligarchic institutions of French society, but most especially, the absolutist tendencies of the monarchy. The Frondes struck out against a monarchy that was reaching for absolute power, authority without constitutional or social restraint. As late as the high medieval period, the French monarch was pretty much a joke with little direct power beyond Domaine Royal, the lands he actually controlled. In an era when land was power, the French monarch was relatively weak, often holding less land than some of his vassals, France’s most powerful nobles. This began to change in the 1400s and by 1600 the power of the French monarch was formidable.
    [Show full text]
  • The Italian Saviour of French Absolutism
    Geoffrey Treasure. Mazarin: The Crisis of Absolutism in France. London and New York: Routledge, 1995. xv + 413 pp. $140.00, cloth, ISBN 978-0-415-01457-1. Reviewed by Michael P. Breen Published on H-France (June, 1997) Unlike his predecessor, Cardinal Richelieu, ing Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Michel Le Tellier, and the reputation of Cardinal Jules Mazarin, France's even Louis XIV himself. First Minister from 1643 until his death in 1661, In spite of these successes, however, many has suffered considerably at the hands of both historians continue to echo Mazarin's seven‐ contemporaries and modern historians. During teenth-century detractors. A. Lloyd Moote, for ex‐ the series of uprisings known as the Fronde ample, describes Mazarin as an "emotional", "un‐ (1648-53), thousands of pamphlets known as balanced" man who "provided poor leadership for Mazarinades denounced him as an opportunist the monarchy", and became a "personal symbol of who promoted an unpopular war to enrich him‐ royal tyranny...." According to Moote, "Mazarin's self and his family; a skilled seducer, who tyran‐ duplicity and disastrous method of governing... nized France from the bed of the Regent Anne of [made] harmony within the state and the admin‐ Austria; and an unscrupulous foreigner who cor‐ istration...virtually impossible." J. Russell Major, in rupted the young king with the poisonous doc‐ his most recent book, pilloried Mazarin as a trines of his fellow Italian, Niccolo Machiavelli [1]. "suave and ingratiating" man of intrigue (in con‐ Twice exiled under pressure from the Parlement trast to the "statesman" Richelieu), who "sought to of Paris and the Prince of Conde, Mazarin never‐ govern by persuasion, fattery, and bribes." When theless retained the complete support and devo‐ these devices did not work, Mazarin "tried to di‐ tion of Anne, Louis, and a sizable, well-placed vide his opponents by lies, false promises, and ap‐ clientele.
    [Show full text]
  • The Revolutionary Voice of Saint Genevieve During the Fronde
    DePauw University Scholarly and Creative Work from DePauw University Modern Languages Faculty publications Modern Languages Summer 2020 Calling for Peace, Preparing for War: The Revolutionary Voice of Saint Genevieve during the Fronde Carrie F. Klaus DePauw University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.depauw.edu/mlang_facpubs Part of the History Commons, and the Modern Languages Commons Recommended Citation Klaus, Carrie F. “Calling for Peace, Preparing for War: The Revolutionary Voice of Saint Genevieve during the Fronde.” Sixteenth Century Journal 51.2 (2020): 367-84. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Modern Languages at Scholarly and Creative Work from DePauw University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Modern Languages Faculty publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarly and Creative Work from DePauw University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Research for this paper was supported by funding from the Folger Shakespeare Library. Sections of an earlier version of this paper were presented at the Sixteenth Century Studies Conference in October 2017. Calling for Peace, Preparing for War: The Revolutionary Voice of Saint Genevieve during the Fronde In the wee hours of the morning on Tuesday, 11 June 1652, after prayers, confessions, communions, fasting, and four full days of processions by all of the parishes and religious houses in and around Paris, the massive golden chasse of Saint Genevieve,1 the city’s patron saint, was lifted from its perch atop high columns in the Church of Sainte Geneviève du Mont and set carefully down on a table prepared for it, as a kneeling choir sang the Beata Virgo Genovesa.2 The Abbot of Saint Genevieve3 celebrated a solemn mass, and, at the break of dawn, the king’s lieutenants and lawyers arrived, followed by red-robed members of the Parlement of Paris and other city leaders, all in 1 This reliquary had been crafted in the thirteenth century and restored in the early seventeenth.
    [Show full text]
  • Age of the Thirty Years War (1598-1660)
    INTERNATIONAL POLITICS AND WARFARE IN THE LATE MIDDLE AGES AND EARLY MODERN EUROPE A Bibliography of Diplomatic and Military Studies William Young Chapter 5 Age of the Thirty Years War (1598-1660) Europe (1598-1660) Asch, Ronald G. The Thirty Years War: The Holy Roman Empire and Europe, 1618-1648. European History in Perspective series. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997. Beller, Elmer Adolph. Propaganda in Germany during the Thirty Years War. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1940. __________. “Recent Studies on the Thirty Years War.” The Journal of Modern History 3 (March 1931): 72-83. __________. “The Thirty Years War.” In The Decline of Spain and the Thirty Years War, 1609-48/59. Volume 4 in The New Cambridge Modern History. Edited by John Phillips Cooper. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970. Bireley, Robert. The Jesuits and the Thirty Years War: Kings, Courts, and Confessors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Bonney, Richard. “The Struggle for European Hegemony, 1618-1660.” Chapter 4 in The European Dynastic States, 1494-1660. The Short Oxford History of the Modern World series. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991. __________. The Thirty Years War, 1618-1648. Essential Histories series. Botley, England: Osprey, 2002. 1 Bussmann, Klaus and Heinz Schilling, editors. 1648: War and Peace in Europe. 3 volumes. Münster/Osnabrück, Germany: Landschaftsverband Westfälen-Lippe, Westfälisches Landesmuseum für Kunst und Kulturegeschichte, 1998. Darby, Graham. The Thirty Years War. Access to History series. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 2001. Deakin, Quentin. Expansion, War and Rebellion: Europe, 1598-1661. Cambridge Perspectives in History series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Elliott, John Huxtable.
    [Show full text]
  • ROYAL AUTHORITY in SEVENTEENTH CENTURY FRANCE by KENT WARREN JONES, B.A
    A DELICATE BALANCE: ROYAL AUTHORITY IN SEVENTEENTH CENTURY FRANCE by KENT WARREN JONES, B.A. A THESIS IN HISTORY Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS Approved Accepted May, 1992 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION . 1 II. INSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY. 7 III. PATRONAGE AND POWER. 69 IV. J.-B. BOSSUET AND THE "ABSOLUTE" MONARCHY. 100 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 112 ii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION French royal absolutism is an insidious historical myth. Insidious because it is so seductive, a myth because it is a generalization propagated by historians too ready to believe Louis XIV's propagandists. Part of the reason for the creation and survival of this myth is its role in providing a convenient starting point for studying the French Revolution. The tale of absolutism in France prospered during the nineteenth century because it fit well with the pro-republican and anti-monarchical political values of many of that era's historians.1 By the twentieth century, the Sun King's absolutism was a firmly entrenched part of the historical orthodoxy. This alone ensured that historians in the first half of the century continued to discuss the seventeenth-century French state within the context of absolutism. More importantly, the absolutist model survived because it was a product of traditional history. History was written, as it had always been, primarily as the story of great men and their institutions. When a Georges Pages or Gaston Zeller wrote about seventeenth-century France, they almost inevitably described an absolutist state, using abundant archival evidence of lparticularly in the works of the Romantic historians, for example, Jules Michelet in History of the French Revolution (1847-53).
    [Show full text]
  • The 30 Years' War (1618-48) and the Second Defenestration of Prague
    23 May 2018 The 30 Years’ War (1618-48) and the Second Defenestration of Prague Professor Peter Wilson Introduction The Thirty Years War was a struggle over the political and religious balance in the Holy Roman Empire (early modern Europe’s largest state). It began precisely 400 years ago today with the famous Defenestration of Prague 1618 when three Habsburg officials were thrown out of a window in Prague Castle. Led by Heinrich Matthias Thurn, a party of disgruntled Bohemian aristocrats forced their way into the meeting chamber of the Habsburg councillors who governed Bohemia for the monarch, the ailing Emperor Matthias, who was away in Vienna. Finding most of their targets also absent, the angry Bohemians seized two of the councillors, Vilem Slavata and Jaroslav Borita von Martinitz. After a short altercation, both were bundled out of the window before several of those present fully knew what was going on. The two were shortly followed by their secretary, Philipp Fabricius, whose pleas for mercy inadvertently attracted the attention of the more resolute of the Defenestrators. Despite some injuries, all three survived the fall, and Fabricius was able to escape to warn the authorities in Vienna (and was subsequently ennobled as von Hohenfall, or ‘of the high fall’, for this). This event opened what became the Thirty Years War which drew in virtually all the other European countries, either directly as belligerents, or indirectly supplying aid to one or other side. Spain, France, Denmark, Sweden, and Transylvania all intervened directly at least once. Britain, the Dutch Republic, Poland-Lithuania, the Ottoman Empire, the papacy and various Italian states all intervened indirectly, mainly by providing financial and military aid to one or more of the active belligerents.
    [Show full text]
  • Dance History Session 2 Louis
    th Louis 14 Timeline 1576/77, Edicts of Beaulieu, Poitiers and Nantes (defining Huguenot rights). 1598 1610 Confirmation of Edict of Nantes after death of Henri IV. 1620s French indirect involvement in the Thirty Years War (1618-48). Grace of Alais (limiting Edict of Nantes) to lessen danger of Huguenots being 1629 a state within the state. 1635 French declaration of war against Spain (war lasted till 1659). 1636 French declaration of war against Austrian Habsburgs (war lasted till 1648). 5 September . Birth of Louis, later Louis XIV, son of Louis XIII and his wife 1638 Anne (Ana) of Austria. 1640 Birth of Louis' brother Philippe. 14 May. Death of Louis XIII, accession of Louis XIV, regency of his mother - 1643 having set aside the will of Louis XIII -with Mazarin as ,first minister'. Peace of Westphalia (or of Münster where France had presided, while Sweden had presided at Osnabrück) between France and the Austrian 1648 Habsburgs France obtains sovereignty over bishoprics of Metz, Toul and Verdun and gains the City of Breisach and the Landgravates of Upper and Lower Alsace. Civil war in France, the Fronde (or Frondes, distinguishing between the parliamentary Fronde, or Fronde of the judges, and the Fronde of the high 1648-53 nobility) directed against the power of the crown and the influence of Mazarin and his nominees. 1651 Louis XIV declared of age. Louis XIV crowned and consecrated at Rheims. 1654 Louis XIV takes part in war against Spain on northern, north-eastern and eastern frontiers of France. 1658/59, Louis XIV's journeys to southern and south-western of France.
    [Show full text]
  • 17Th Century
    Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu • Became king at age 8, and gained authority of the throne at age 13 • Louis’s mother, Queen Marie de Medici, held the power until Louis could assume the thrown • Cardinal Richelieu was her advisor • Louis was a weak King and always needed advice which he reserved for Richelieu who ultimately was the ruler of France • Richelieu helped expand trade and the navy as well as broadened French art and education Cardinal Mazarin and the Beginnings of Louis XIV • Louis XIV became king upon his father’s death at age 4 • His mother, Anne of Austria, had her late husband’s will annulled and received full power of the throne, which she gave to Cardinal Mazarin • Mazarin ruled France until Louis (the Sun King) assumed the throne • Mazarin lead France through the Thirty Year’s War and the French civil war “The Fronde” The Fronde • A civil war between the aristocrats who wanted a greater influence in the say of French rule and the King and royal power which included the new advisor Cardinal Mazarin • Louis was threatened by the aristocracy, the monarchy wanted a louder voice in politics, and the people were burdened by too many taxes • Mazarin and Louis XIV won the dispute and from this absolutism was established and trust in the aristocracy with Louis fell Jean-Baptiste Colbert • Jean-Baptiste Colbert continued after Mazarin and lead France to expand in Richelieu’s ideas of a powerful navy and international trade • He developed the idea of mercantilism: an economic theory that holds the prosperity of nation is dependent upon its supply of capital, and that global volume of international trade is unchangeable.
    [Show full text]
  • The Pont-Neuf and the Place Royale
    Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2016-03-01 Redefining Place Through the Mazarinades: The Pont-Neuf and the Place Royale Nathan Kent Jellen Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the French and Francophone Language and Literature Commons, and the Italian Language and Literature Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Jellen, Nathan Kent, "Redefining Place Through the Mazarinades: The Pont-Neuf and the Place Royale" (2016). Theses and Dissertations. 5726. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5726 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Redefining Place Through the Mazarinades: The Pont-Neuf and the Place Royale Nathan Kent Jellen A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Michael J. Call, Chair Christopher M. Flood Daryl P. Lee Department of French and Italian Brigham Young University March 2016 Copyright © 2016 Nathan Kent Jellen All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Redefining Place Through the Mazarinades: The Pont-Neuf and the Place Royale Nathan Kent Jellen Department of French and Italian, BYU Master of Arts In 1649, during the Fronde Parlementaire (1648-1650), Paris was teetering between opposing political camps that were trying to seize control of the city. The city’s bourgeois parliament, in open rebellion to the political policies of King Louis XIV’s Chief Minister, Cardinal Jules Mazarin, was raising an army and threatening to oust the Italian imposter.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mediatization of Politics During the Fronde: Condé's Bureau De Presse by Mark Bannister the Fronde Is a Very Complex Ph
    The Mediatization of Politics during the Fronde: Condé’s Bureau de Presse by Mark Bannister The Fronde is a very complex phenomenon. Scholarship in re- cent years, that of Lloyd Moote, Orest Ranum, Michel Pernot and others, has ensured that the old idea of the Fronde as a “guerre en dentelles” is dead, and Hubert Carrier’s monumental work on the mazarinades has shown that the key to understanding the political subtleties of the time lies in the mass of pamphlets produced on a daily basis rather than in the memoirs of self-interested individuals written usually long after the event.1 The Prince de Condé seems to have largely missed out on this rethinking of political rôles. It is less than forty years since one his- torian of the Fronde was repeating as fact the old story that Condé had been persuaded to start a civil war by his sister who wanted a good excuse not to have to rejoin her husband in Normandy.2 Kossmann, writing in 1954, declared that Condé’s ambition was insatiable but also aimless. He wanted power, wealth, prestige, but had no policy whatsoever. His view has been influential and is still being repeated in some quarters.3 Unfortunately, it is not so very far removed from the idea of a man who would go to war to please his sister. It is certainly true that Condé was ambitious, arrogant and keen to acquire wealth, but it is demonstrably untrue that he had no pro- gram or policy during the civil war against the Court in 1651-52, as a study of the pamphlets published for him and the journals kept by contemporary observers reveals.
    [Show full text]
  • War -- Reshaped All Other Kinds of Struggle in Seventeenth-Century France
    HOW ONE KIND OF STRUGGLE -- WAR -- RESHAPED ALL OTHER KINDS OF STRUGGLE IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY FRANCE Charles Tilly University of Michigan August 198 1 CRSO WORKING PAPER NO. 241 Copies available through: Center for Research on Social Organization University of Michigan . 330 Packard Street Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 CONTENTS War and Pacification under Louis Xlll Internal Enemies . :The ,Prevalence of War Extracting the Means of War tlow One Kind of S.ruggle -- War -- Reshaped All Other War and Contention Kinds of Ztruggle in Scventeenth-Century France Resistance to Extraction ll~ternalUrar Seventeenth-Century Repertoires The Fronde Charles Tilly Divide and Conquer, Conquer and Divide University of Michigan August 1981 How Rrbellions Happened So-Called Reformed Religion and its nefenders A Fateful Century References How One Kind of Struggle -- War -- Reshaped All Other Kinds of Struggle in Seventeenth-Century France Charles Tilly University of Michigan August 198 1 CONTENTS Page War and Pacification under Louis XI11 1 Internal Enemies 4 The Prevalence of War 10 Extracting the Means of War 17 War and Contention 22 Resistance to Extraction 2 5 Internal War 3 3 Seventeenth-Century Repertoires 3 4 The Fronde 39 Divide and Conquer, Conquer and Divide 45 How Rebellions Happened 48 So-Called Reformed Religion and its Defenders 55 A Fateful Century 6 1 References 6 4 War and Pacification under Louis XI11 Poets are not prophets. In the fall of 1622, while Louis XI11 was busy crushing the Protestant lords of Languedoc, ~hgo~hilede Viau thought it politic to write the king these lines: Young, victorious monarch Whose glorious exploits Have made the gods jealous And the Fates afraid What more do you want from destiny? You've punished enough rebels.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bourbons
    The Absolute Monarchs The Bourbons The Bourbons were one of the most important ruling dynasties in Europe. At various times, they ruled France, Spain, Naples, Sicily, and Parma. In France, the Bourbons ruled as absolute monarchs from 1589–1792. Bourbon kings returned to the French throne after the Revolution, ruling again from 1814–1848. King Louis XIV Louis the Just, or Louis XIII, was king of France from 1610–1643. During his reign, he, along with his chief minister Cardinal de Richelieu, made France a powerhouse among the European countries. He was married to the Spanish queen, Anne of Austria. When Louis the Just died, his four-year-old son became Louis XIV, ruler of France and owner (per the ancien régime) of the more than 19 million people who lived on French land. In reality, Louis’s mother and France’s First Minister, Cardinal Mazarin, governed the country in the young king’s name. In 1648, when Louis was nine, the Parlement of Paris, spurred by nobles, revolted against the Crown. The Parlement was France’s supreme court during the ancien régime. (It is not to be confused with the British legislature, Parliament.) This rebellion launched a civil war called the Fronde, which had a huge impact on Louis XIV. It shaped the way he viewed Paris, the nobles, and the common people for the rest of his life. The Fronde was an outgrowth of the nobles’ hatred of Cardinal Mazarin. Mazarin defeated the rebels and took young Louis under his wing. Louis came to see Mazarin as a father figure, and Mazarin, governing with near absolute power, made sure Louis was surrounded by a loyal, able administration.
    [Show full text]