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The Wreck of the Zuytdorp - 1712 Dr Phillip Playford 7.00 Pm, 16Th July, 2012 Webb Lecture Theatre, University of WA (Map on Back Page)

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The Wreck of the Zuytdorp - 1712 Dr Phillip Playford 7.00 Pm, 16Th July, 2012 Webb Lecture Theatre, University of WA (Map on Back Page) ISSN 1329-7759 RSWA Proceedings July 2012 ATTENTION LIBRARIANS: This publication should be catalogued under "Proceedings of the Royal Society of Western Australia" 2012 Annual General Meeting and presentation of Student Medals by Prof Lyn Beazley AO Followed by The Wreck of the Zuytdorp - 1712 Dr Phillip Playford th 7.00 pm, 16 July, 2012 Webb Lecture Theatre, University of WA (map on back page) In 1927, a stockman working on Murchison House Station, Tom Pepper, found wooden wreckage at the foot of a line of steep cliffs about 60 km north of Kalbarri. In 1954 Dr Phillip Playford relocated this wreckage and soon afterwards organized two expeditions to the site. Through correspondence with museums and archives in the Netherlands, Cape Town, and Jakarta, he was able to prove that this wreck was that of the Zuytdorp, wrecked in 1712. There are two major unsolved mysteries relating to the Zuytdorp: the fate of the survivors and the whereabouts of the looted coinage. Major commemorative events to mark its 300th anniversary were held on 1 June 2012 in Kalbarri and Middleburg (capital of the province of Zeeland in The Netherlands, from where the vessel departed in 1711). Full abstract on Page 2 AGM AGENDA 7:00 pm Drinks 7:30 pm Apologies Minutes of RSWA 2011 AGM Presentation of the Annual Report Presentation of the Treasurer’s Annual Report 7.50 pm Presentation of RSWA University Student Medals by Prof Lyn Beazley OA, Chief Scientist of WA 8.00 pm Address by Dr Phillip Playford 9:00 pm Supper Members, Guests and the Public All Welcome Enquiries: [email protected] or Lynne Milne 0414 400 219 This issue of the RSWA Proceedings was edited by Lynne Milne 1 The Wreck of the Zuytdorp - 1712 possible to dive there, they found that much of this Phillip Playford coinage was preserved as a ‘carpet of silver’ on the In 1927, a stockman working on Murchison House seafloor. This consisted of hundreds of thousands of Station, Tom Pepper, found wooden wreckage at the silver coins polished by sand and wave action. foot of a line of steep cliffs about 60 km north of Several thousand coins have since been recovered by Kalbarri. In 1954 I relocated this wreckage, following divers of the WA Maritime Museum, but the major directions from Tom Pepper, and soon afterwards part of the Carpet of Silver has been taken by looters. organised two expeditions to the site. Many silver coins were found there, including schellingen and double stuivers bearing the name Zeeland and the date 1711. Through correspondence with museums and archives in the Netherlands, Cape Town, and Jakarta, I was able to prove that this wreck was that of the Zuytdorp, a great ship of the Dutch East India Company that had disappeared after leaving the Cape of Good Hope, bound for Batavia (Jakarta), in April 1712. This was the first Dutch wreck to be found and identified on the coast of Western Australia. I formally gave the name Zuytdorp Cliffs to the line of precipitous cliffs that extend north from Kalbarri to Small coins from the Zuytdorp Steep Point, a distance of some 200 km. These cliffs form the eroded scarp of the Zuytdorp Fault, perhaps There are two major unsolved mysteries relating to the most prominent Quaternary fault-line scarp in the Zuytdorp: the fate of the survivors and the Australia. whereabouts of the looted coinage. It is certain that no survivors ever returned to civilization, and they must eventually have died in Western Australia. There is an intriguing possibility that some may have joined and interbred with Aborigines of the area, a question that may eventually be solved through DNA research. In relation to the looted coinage, there is evidence of the identity of at least one person who was involved in this. The ship is thought to have been wrecked in June 1712, so this year marks the 300th anniversary of the wreck. Commemorative functions were held during June of this year in Kalbarri, to commemorate the wreck and dedicate a memorial to its survivors. They Zuytdorp wreck site looking south may have been the first European ‘boat people’ to live Clear evidence was found at the wrecksite that many in Australia. people survived the wreck. They climbed to the top of the cliff, lighting a huge fire and indulging in a Biosketch: Dr Phillip Playford was born in Perth, and drinking spree. They left many broken gin bottles and holds BSc. (Honours) and Honorary DSc degrees in geology various other items. Three survivors’ camp sites were from the University of Western Australia, and a PhD from Stanford University. He is a former Director of the identified inland from the wreck, and there is good Geological Survey of Western Australia and is well known as evidence that some people may have reached a large both a geologist and a historian. He was rewarded by the spring frequented by Aboriginal people of the WA Government as a primary discoverer of the Zuytdorp Malgana Tribe, 50 km north of the wreck. wreck, the first Dutch wreck to be found and identified in Western Australia. His book “Carpet of Silver; the wreck of The Zuytdorp was carrying 250,000 guilders in cash, the Zuytdorp” received a Premier’s prize for literature, and to be used for trade in Asia. This coinage was kept in another, “Voyage of discovery to Terra Australis by Willem de chests stored in the captain’s cabin, and it is clear Vlamingh in 1696-97”, was short listed for a Premier’s from wreckage on the seafloor that the chests went award. He has received many honours and awards, including the Medal of the Royal Society of WA, and a straight to the bottom after the wreck came to rest in Member of the Order of Australia (AM), for his front of the cliff. When divers first examined the site, contributions to the geology and history of Australia. on one of the very few days each year that it is 2 Tidal flats and stromatolites in the Shark Bay Microbialites through time World Heritage area: past evolution and future The morphological features of the modern change microbialites resemble those of fossilized Lindsay Collins, Dept of Applied Geology, Curtin assemblages thereby providing extensive modern University analogues for ancient systems, which include some of the earliest life on Earth. The best studied example of There was standing room only at the talk given by the likely oldest evidence of life on Earth is in the Prof Lindsay Collins at the general meeting on Pilbara district of Western Australia, in stromatolitic Monday 18th June, at Kings Park Administration rocks aged 3.47 billion years which separate from the Centre. The following is a summary of his talk. stromatolites include fossilized thread-like and globular bacteria (Schopf, 1993; Walter, 1999; Acknowledgement: Both the recent RSWA talk and this Allwood et al., 2006; Van Kranendonk et al., 2008). summary were based on information published as Jahnert and Collins, 2012. Introduction The western Australian coast spreads across a latitudinal gradient from the tropical macrotidal north to the temperate microtidal south, and has a biotic transition separating the Northern Australian Tropical Province from the Southern Temperate Province across a transition zone. It is one of the few coasts in the world with two World Heritage areas; Ningaloo Reef and Shark Bay. The Shark Bay World Heritage area fulfils both the biological and geological criteria for listing due to its specialised salinity setting and environments. Initial studies of Shark Bay in the 1960s to 70s on hypersaline stromatolites, microbial tidal flats, and seagrass banks led to establishment of the World Heritage precinct with high conservation status, an important asset for all with an interest in specialised FIGURE 1 Hamelin Pool, L'Haridon Bight and Henri Freycinet marine environments. Ongoing research has included embayment at Shark Bay, WA. (from Jahnert & Collins 2012) studies by astrobiologists, ecologists, geologists and many others. Geoscientific research has centred on a Late Holocene Sea Level history number of studies, notably by Logan et al 1974, The microbial carbonate system in Hamelin Pool Playford, 1976, 1979, 1990; Burne, & Moore, 1987; has developed in response to a slow progressive Kennard & James, 1986; Awramik & Riding, 1988; change in environmental conditions transforming a Reid et al 2003, Jahnert and Collins 2011, 2012, and near open marine system into a restricted several others. embayment landlocked to the east, south and west The recognition of the significance of coquinas and and semi-closed to the north by a barrier bank (Faure microbialites in ancient systems has renewed Bank, see Fig. 1), with abnormal salinity, high geoscientific interest in Shark Bay, with the alkalinity and high evaporation (Logan et. al., 1974). development of current and new research themes of Microbial sediment started depositing at about 2000 management significance including: years ago long after the Holocene maximum flooding of the sea level at about 6,800 U/Th years ago (see • Microbial mat systems, environments, discussion in Collins et al., 2006). This was in chemistry, organic composition and response to a relative sea level fall of about 2.5 microbial communities, metres, as a minor variation within the Holocene • Subtidal microbial structures: origin, stratigraphic highstand system tract (Jahnert and occurrence, distribution and growth history. Collins, 2011). High stress conditions in an intertidal- • Coquina ridge morphology, genesis, subtidal environment have supported the structures, chronologic record and evolution. development of a prolific microbial benthic domain which has produced organo-sedimentary deposits (mats, domical or columnar structures) mainly by 3 trapping, binding and biologically promoted • Bights are subtle re-entrances with gradients carbonate precipitation where processes of accretion about 2 m/km with microbial deposits forming exceed erosion.
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