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3 Rr/Jln4p.' Il 3 rr/Jln4p.' il"- 4"a,.h qr/4,1/tu2e4 The disappearanceof the Zuytdorp while en route to the EastIndies in the early 18thcentury was one of WestemAustmlia's most baffling seamysteries. It was almost250 yearsbefore the vessel'sfinal resting placebeneath the spectacularZuytdorp Cliffs, south of SharkBay, was finally discoveredand identified. lL 1992 the land surroundingthe wreck (apart from a small Museumsite) was amalgamatedwith a nearby naturereserve, to form the ZuytdorpNature Reserve. by Mike Mccarthy hespices and trade goods of theEast swivelguns) and other materialon the Indies (now Indonesia)attracted cliff top and reef platform below.It was EuropeanandAmerican merchanti long apparentthat oneor two campshad been beforeAustralia was discovered by the madeby survivorsof a then unknown British.The usual route to theIndieswas wreck.The only clueswere the dateson north-eastfrom the CapeofGood Hope. the coins,the latestbeing 1711. But in 1611seafarers realised that by TomPepper finally told authoritiesof stayingin the beltofwesterly winds and the discoveryover a decadelater. The first the southernIndian Oceanand then expeditionin 1941was ill-equipped and headingnorth, a much fastervoyage was membersonly spenta short time at the possible,with fewerdeaths on board. sitebefore being forced to leavethe harsh Theonly problemlay in decidingwhen andremote area. fu a result,the loc2tion to alter courseand head north (the of the wreckremained a mystery. chronometerwas not yetinvented) and, DISCOVERY! In 1954,Phillip Playford, a geologist as a result, many East Indies-bound In 1927,a wreck,later identified as exploring for petroleum, befriended vesselsfound themselves in difficulties theZugtdorp ,wasfound by the stockmen Pepperand received good directions to alongthe shoresof WA. andwomenwhowerefencingandtrapping thesite.After examiningthe remains, he Oneof these,the Zugldo4p,was lost dingoeson a remote cliff top between returnedto Perthand identifiedthe area withouttrace in winter1712 whilst on a Tamalaand MurchisonHouse stations. as the camp of the Zugt/orp suwivors. voyagefrom Hollandto Batavia(now One of the group, tlre late Tom Pepper Playfordhad studied records housed in Jakarta).Thewreck lies on thecliffs just senior,a well-knownstockman, reported Holland,and discoveredthat only two southof SharkBay. SevenEast India evidenceoflarge campfires, broken bottles, vesselscarried 1711 coins to Batavia. shipsare knownto havebeen wrecked coins,cooking pots, masts, rolls of lead, One,the Beluliet, sailedin convoywith off the WA coast;the olhers are Triol, breechblock (for firing small bronze the ZuAtdorp and arrived at its 1622;Batnia, 1629i VerguldeDraeck, destination, while the Zuutdorp 1656;Zeeuijk, 1727;Rapid, 1811; and disappearedfor over two centuries the Correode Azia,1816. TheZugtdorp without trace. Subsequentefforts by I Previouspage - hindered is the only onewhose survivors never I PhotosPatrick Baker Playfordto findthe wreckwere reachedBatavia to tell their tale. The I by the ruggedconditions. The areais remainson the seabedand the nearby usuallysubject to a dangerousswell, ResearcherRosemary HaYper with shore hold the only clues to the I evenon relativelycalm days. I silvercoins and other artefacts circumstancesofthe wreckand the fate I recoveredfuom the Zuatdory. In 1964,almost a decadeafter of the cYew. Photo - Patrick Baker Playford'sdiscovery and nearly 40 years 44 urcscopa after the wreckwas first found,the first successfuldives were made in the area. Playford'ssuspicions were confirmed: the wrecklay againstthe reefplatform oppositethe landremains. He believed thatthe ship had either crashed into the cliffbase without waming or, if thecliffs hadbeen seen, anchors were set but the shipwas still blownashore. Bothpossibilities were intriguing. If the ship had struckthe honeycombed reefsin the turbulentwaterat the cliffs basewithout warning, it waslikely that therewere few survivors.There would havebeen no time to launchboats, and anybodywho successfullydisembarked would probablyhave been crushed If the cliffs had beenseen and the Wth thediscovery of the weck ofthe againstthe reefplatform or suckedunder anchorsset, there would have been Trial, the Batauiain 1964,and then the the reefinto the blowholesbeneath. In timefor someto leavethe ship. Perhaps equallyr ichVerga lde Draeck (CiltDragonl thatcase, the onlyhope would have lain they took part of the preciouscargo of jn 1969,the Museum established its oum in scalingthe rigEing(if the mastrstill silverthat theEast India ships normally divingteam. The team recovered anumber stood)and dropping offonto dry land, or carriedon the voyage.If that wasthe of coinsand artefacts from IheZugtdorp. jumpingfrom the high poop ofthevessel case,their remainswould now lie A maritime archaeologistappointed to ontothe reefplatform. somewherebetween the wrecksite and the Museumin 1971,led a numberof Batavia. shore-baseddives on the site.The owner Theanswerto the question lay in the of nearbyMurchison House I Abot)eright: The spectacularZuytdorp station,Mr I Cliffsrise some 170 metres above sea numberof anchorson the wreckand Jah, once the Nizam of Hyderabad, I level. whethersome were lying further out to providedlogistical assistance and built a - Photo Patdck Bal€r sea.East India Company vessels of the large'flyingfox' - acable and pulley system periodcarried at least five anchors. - Maritimearchaeologist Mike Thus, that allowedthe diversand their I unlesstherewere I Mccarthyinspects one of the cannons at leastfive anchors on equipmentto descendto the water and I fromthe wreck. the wreck,the crewmay have set some haul eachother back up ontothe cliff top. Photo- Jon Carpenter to seawardprior to the ship'sloss. In Thesea soon destroyed the construction, sucha cxe, survivorscould have but the teammanaged to recovera large leftthewreck, butfailed to reach quantityofcoins and artefacts and recorded Batavia.This puzzle was not further detailsfor the site plan. Again, solveduntil earlyin 1988. only two anchorswere seen, though the positionof theanchors varied slightly on EARLYDI\ES eachof the plans. On the first dive conducted Becauseofthe large amount ofsilver on the site in 1964,a team of on the site, the Museuminstalled a Geraldtondivers led by Tom watchkeeperon the cliftop. Whenthe Bradysaw two anchors,several weatherwas good or on the mendhe ironcannons, lead ingots, ballast calledthe team,who would travel by air stonesand a numberof smaller, from Fremantle,land on a smallstrip, badly erodedbrass cannons. and preparefor a dive. Conditions Thoughunable to seeall of the changedso quickly that they often site,they began preparing a plan arrivedto find the wreckundiveable. The of the wreck.The group made Zuytdorp wasdifficult to work and the their notesavailable to the WA changeableconditions led to manyclose Museumand the wrecksite was calls. protectedon the basisof their Becauseof the dangers,the vast report. They made many other expenseof employinga watchkeeperand attemptito diveon the site,but of conductingthe excavation,and the couldnot properlyexamine the pressuresofworking on otherwreck, the steYnsection of the wreckuntil Museumhafted work on theZuytdorp in 1967.There they found a virtual 1981.The wreck was protected by aerial 'carpet ofsilver'of several square surveillance,the declaration ofa restricted metres, areaa square kilometre around thewreck, uqnoscope45 anda part-timewarden living in a nearby shanty.In November1986, the Museum recommencedwork on the site. SANDAND SURGE 'of A number shore-based familiarisation dives revealedthat the wreckwassuffering from severeseasonal sand accretion and scouring. These factorsmade italmost impossible to view the entire site during any one dive or seriesofdives.In mid-1987, for example, the wreck was completelycovered in sand,but soonafterwards the layerhad gone,revealinE cannons, ingots, coins andother material hidden only a fortnight before. By this time, fast rocklobster boats had almost entirely replacedthe old lumberingfishing vessels of the 1960s and 1970s. Kalbarri fisherman Andrew YounE invited the teamto work from his vessel en route to his fishing Eroundfurther north. The offer was acceptedand new methodsweredeveloped forworking the site using the Museum'sfast 5.5 m aluminiumwork-boat, which tookjust over an hour to reachthe site from Kalbarri. The Kalbarri fishing community, notably Bob Mitchell and the Glassfamily, helped the Museumto recovera large number of artefactsin the 1987-88season. These included an English eight-pounder cannon, many coins,a pulley block,pipe fragments, anchors from the earlier groups' the onsetofhotweather. However, water exquisiteglassware ceramics, small arms, Although they had recordedonly two had beenfound on the coastby earlier a large pewter dish with hundreds of anchorson threeseparate site plans made Dutch parties. Charts producedby de other objectsembedded into its surface, overa decade,they had actually seen six' Maminghonly a decadebefore the lossof combs, and the largest anchor yet It waswrongly assumedthat the slight Ihe Zuytdorp showedthe areain some recoveredby the WA Museum.Local differencesthat appearedin theseplans detail and markedwater sourcesat involvementalso led to betterpolicing of were due to the effectsof the poor Kalbarri,40 nauticalmiles to the south the site. conditions.The vesselprobably struck of the wreck. Further work was done on the site the reef without anchorsset, and came Questionsabout possible interaction plan andthe questionof what happened to restclose enough to thereef
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