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Faculté Des Sciences De La Nature Et De La Vie Département De Biologie Animale REPUBLIQUE ALGERIENNE DEMOCRATIQUE ET POPULAIRE MINISTERE DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT SUPERIEUR ET DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE UNIVERSITE CONSTANTINE 1 Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie Département de Biologie Animale N° d’ordre : ………. N° de série : ………. Thèse Présentée en vue de l’obtention du diplôme de Doctorat en sciences en Entomologie Thème Biogéographie des Andrenidae et monographie des espèces du Genre Andrena de l’Est algérien (Hymenoptera : Apoidea) Présentée par : NOUDJOUD BENARFA Devant le jury : Président : Pr BERCHI Selima (Université Constantine 1) Rapporteur: Pr LOUADI Kamel (Université Constantine 1) Examinateurs : Pr Si BACHIR Abdelkrim (Université Batna) Pr LAAMARI Malik (Université Batna) Pr HAMRA-KROUA Salah (Université Constantine 1) Dr LOUCIF Wahida (MC.A) (Université Annaba) Soutenu le : / / Remerciements Tout d'abord, je remercie particulièrement le Professeur LOUADI Kamel, directeur du laboratoire de Biosystématique et Ecologie des Arthropodes de l’Université Constantine 1, pour la direction de ce travail durant les années que j'ai consacrées à la préparation de cette thèse, pour ses conseils judicieux, sa constante attention et sa disponibilité. Des remerciements vifs et sincères vont aux membres de jury les professeur BERCHI selima, HAMRA-KROUA Salah, Si BACHIR Abdelkrim, LAAMARI Malik et Docteur LOUCIF Wahida qui ont accepté de donner de leur temps précieux pour la lecture du manuscrit et pour leur présence aujourd'hui. Je tiens à remercier particulièrement le laboratoire de Biosystématique et Ecologie des Arthropodes de l’UC 1 pour le financement de cette recherche et par la mise à notre disposition le matériel telles que les aiguilles entomologiques et les boites de collection. Je remercie chaleureusement Monsieur Erwin SCHEUCHL (Ergolding– Allemagne) pour son aide précieuse apportée à l'identification de mes andrènes ainsi que pour son encouragement sans oublié Madame SCHEUCHL pour m'avoir accueillie dans leur maison en Allemagne lors de mon stage. Mes remerciements les plus sincères vont également à Monsieur Fritz GUSENLEITNER directeur du Oberösterreichisches Landesmuseum, Biologiezentrum (Linz – Autriche) pour m'avoir accueillie en stage avec bienveillance lors de mon séjour en Autriche et pour l'identification d'une partie de mes Andrena. Je remercie également Dr Sébastien PATINY (Belgique) qui a bien voulu mettre à ma disposition toutes ses publications qui m'ont servi pour la rédaction de la partie théorique de cette thèse ainsi pour son aide à la détermination d'une partie de mes Andrena. Je remercie Monsieur Med Lamine Chegrouche de la poste de Tébessa ainsi que le personnel de service des colis pour leur collaboration et compréhension, la chose qui a facilité l'envoi de mes colis d'insectes en Autriche, en Allemagne et en Belgique. Mes remerciements les plus sincères vont également à mon père et à mon mari qui sans leur aide le travail de terrain n'a jamais pu être réaliser. Enfin, je remercie toute ma famille et mes enfants pour leur amour et soutien et toutes les personnes qui ont contribué de près comme de loin à l'élaboration du présent travail. Table des matières Liste des figures Listes des tableaux Liste des cartes Introduction générale …................................................................................................................. 01 CHAPITRE 1 : Données bibliographiques 1.1 Présentation des Andrenidae ........................ ....................................................................... 05 1.1.1 Intérêts de l’étude des Andrenidae..................................................................... ................... 05 1.1.2 Synthèse bibliographique …................................................. ............................................... 06 1.1.3 Objectifs ................................................................................................................................ 08 1.2 Cadre systématique, biogéographique et écologique .............................................................. 09 1.2.1 Systématique ……………………………………….……………………………………… 09 1.2.1.1 Historique de la classification des Andrenidae ………………………….…..….…….. 09 1.2.1.2 Conception contemporaine de la taxonomie des Andrenidae …………….................... 15 1.2.1.3 Systématique subgénérique du genre Andrena F. …..…………………………………. 18 1.2.2 Biogéographie ………………………………………..……………………………………. 19 1.2.3 Ecologie ………………………………………………………………………… ………… 20 1.2.3.1 Nidification ……………………………………………………………………………….. 20 1.2.3.2 Choix floral ……………………………………………………………………………….. 20 1.2.3.3 Comportement de butinage ………………………………………………………………. 24 1.3 Généralités relatives aux Andrenidae ………………………………………………………… 25 1.3.1 Définition des Andrenidae ……………………………………………..……………........... 25 1.3.2 Morphologie et traits biologiques des Andrenidae ….……………………….….………… 28 1.3.3 La couronne paramandibulaire …….…………………………….…………….….………… 30 1.3.4 Caractères somatiques et phylogénie …….…………………….….………………................ 32 1.3.5 Liste synonymique et distribution des genres d’Andrenidae ….……………….….……….. 33 1.4 Clé de détermination des sous- familles d’Andrenidae et des genres d’Andreninae…………. 34 1.5 Caractéristique des sous-genres du genre Andrena Fabricius, 1775 .......................................... 36 1.6 Espèces du genre Andrena Fabricius, 1775 ................................................................................ 37 1.6.1 Clé de détermination des mâles d’Andrena ............................................................................. 37 1.6.2 Clé de détermination des femelles d’Andrena ......................................................................... 38 CHAPITRE II : Région d'étude 2.1 Choix de la zone d'étude ……………………………………………….……………….......... 40 2.2 Stations de collecte……..……………………………………...………….…………………… 40 2.3 Présentation de la région d'étude ….…………………………..….….………..….…................ 43 2.4 Description de la région d'étude …………………………………………………………….….. 43 2.4.1 Climat général ……………………………………………………………………..………… 43 2.4.2 La végétation. ……………………………………………………….……….….………………44 2.5 Description de la région de Tébessa………………..……………………………………. ….. 46 2.5.1 Situation géographique……………………………………………….. …………..………... 46 2.5.2 Climat….………………………………………………….……………….………………… 48 2.5.3 Végétation……………..………………………………………..…………………………… 49 CHAPITRE III : Matériel et Méthodes 3.1 Matériel entomologique……………………………………...………….……………..………. 51 3.1.1 Données taxonomiques……………………………………………..….…………..….…...... 51 3.1.2.Capture des spécimens…………………………………………………..…………….…….. 53 3.2 Techniques d'échantillonnage …………………………………………………………..……… 53 3.2.1 Le filet à insectes... ……………………………………………………….……….….…...... 53 3.2.2 Les contenants transparents ou translucides………………………..……………………….. 53 3.2.3 L'aspirateur à bouche …………..…………………………………………………………….. 54 3.3 Le montage………………………………………………….……...……………….................. 54 3.3.1 L'épinglage………………………………………………….……………….……………….. 54 3.3.2 L'étalage…………………………………………………………..……………………………54 3.3.3 L'étiquette d'identification………………………………………..…………………………… 54 3.4 Conservation des spécimens………………………………………………………..…………… 55 3.5 L'identification des espèces………………………………………..………………..…………. 55 CHAPITRE IV : Résultats et Discussion 4.1 Composition d la faune……………….………………….…................................................. 56 4.2 Diversité et sex ratio…………………………..……………………………………….……….. 58 4.3 Classification et distribution des espèces d'Andrenidae.…………..…………………………… 62 4.4 Catalogue commenté……………………………………………..…………………………….. 62 Famille des Andrenidae ……………….……………..……….………………………….…………. 62 Sous famille des Andreninae…………………………………………..………………….………… 62 Genre Andrena Fabricius, 1775……………….. …………........................................... ………. 62 - Sous genre Agandrena WARNCKE, 1968…………………………………………………..… 62 - Sous genre Campylogaster DOURS, 1873………………………………………………… …. 64 - Sous genre Carandrena WARNCKE, 1968………………………………..……………… …. 66 - Sous genre Chlorandrena PEREZ, 1890………………………………………………………. 68 - Sous genre Distandrena WARNCKE, 1968……………………………………………..……. 73 - Sous genre Euandrena HEDICKE, 1933……………………………………………………… 76 - Sous genre Graecandrena WARNCKE, 1968………………………………………………… 79 - Sous genre Hyperandrena PITTIONI, 1948…………………………………………..….…… 81 - Sous genre Lepidandrena HEDICKE, 1933……………………………………………..……. 83 - Sous genre Margandrena WARNCKE, 1968…………………………………………………... 84 - Sous genre Melanapis CAMERON, 1902…………………………….………..……………… 87 - Sous genre Melandrena PEREZ, 1890…………………………………….…..………………. 92 - Sous genre Melittoides FRIESE, 1921………………………………………..……………….. 100 - Sous genre Nobandrena WARNCKE, 1968……………………………………………………. 101 - Sous genre Notandrena PEREZ, 1890…………………………………………………………. 102 - Sous genre Orandrena WARNCKE, 1968…………………………………………………….. 104 - Sous genre Parandrenella POPOV, 1958………………………………………………………. 105 - Sous genre Plastandrena HEDICKE, 1933…………………………………………………….. 107 - Sous genre Poliandrena WARNCKE, 1968……………………………………………… ….. 110 - Sous genre Ptilandrena ROBERTSON, 1902……………………….………………………….. 111 - Sous genre Rufandrena WARNCKE, 1968………………………………..……………………. 113 - Sous genre Simandrena PEREZ, 1890…………………………………………..………………. 114 - Sous genre Suandrena WARNCKE, 1968……………………………………………………… 118 - Sous genre Taeniandrena HEDICKE, 1933……………………………………………….…… 122 - Sous genre Thysandrena LANHAM, 1949…………………..……………………………. …… 124 - Sous genre Truncandrena WARNCKE, 1968……………………..…………………………… 126 - Sous genre Zonandrena HEDICKE, 1933……………………………….……………………… 130 4.5 Interprétation des résultats………………………………………………….………………… 136 4.5.1 Composition de la faune
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