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Home , Indian brown mongoose, Liberian mongoose, Ruddy mongoose

Musrnrro a VrvnnnroCoNsnnverroN

The Newsletterol the IUCN/SSC Mustelid& ViverridSpecialist Group.

Number1 August1989

Liberianmongoose flibeiictis kuhni).Fitslpholographtaken of a liveanimal. Photo by l\4. E. Taylor.

Thisnurnber was producedwith lhe supponot lhe "RoyalZoological Society of Antwerp', Anlwerp,Belgium, and wilh the kindassistance of 0r. G. lel.Carpaneto, Dipartimento di Biologiaanimale e dell'uomo,Universita di Flona"La Sapienza". Roma, ltaly. Mustelid & Viverrid Conservation Group. TheNewslener of theIUCN/SSC Mustelid & Viverrid Specialist

Editor-in-chief: HarryVan Rompaey' Edegem' Belgium

Editors: MichaelRiffel, Karlsdorf,FRG Amd Schreiber,Heidelberg, FRG Roland Wirth, Miinchen, FRG

do not The views expressedin this Newsletterare those of the authorsand & Viverrid il""rr*ify ."n"", tttoseof the IUCN, nor th€ IUCN/SSCMustelid SpecialistGrouP. a

we ale patticularlygrateful to waller Rasmussenfor readinglhe manuscriPrs and improving the English style. a

M&vsG' The dm of this Newsletteris to offer the membersof the IUCN/SSC paperc' and thosewho areconcemed with mustelidsor/and viverrids' bief newsitems, abstracts, and titles of recentliterature' All readersare invited to sendmaterial to:

Mustelid & Viverrid Conservation c/o Dr. H. Van RomPaeY Jan Verbertlei' 15 2520Edegem Belgium EDITORIAL

tfueatenedtaxa This is the first numtterof what we hope will be a ful6l its needto help coordinateaction for surfacingconserladon regularNewsletter series. That this Newsletterhas sufaced and allow quick resPonseto newly is mainly due !o the dedicationarld enthusiasmof Harry problems. vall Rornpaeywho hasoffered to takeover lhe major worl in putting the publication togetherand have it s€nt out at befor€, the Newsletterhas regular intewals. Whilc, as rnentioned beconrea reality thanksmainly to the eflons of Harry van Rompaey,it needsthe active cooperationof ALL MVSC of a rcquestto ask Theaim ofthis Newslett€r-like ofall SSCSp€cialist memb€rsand il shouldno! be too much a year from each of you' Croup Newslette$-is, of course,nol to publishjustatlother at least one communication memberof periodicalfor its own sake,but to intensify our efforls for Obviously anybodyelse who is not an official relatedto mustelid the conservationof the sPccieswe arc concemedwitb. As the Grctlp and who has!o say an,'thing aclivities of the Specialis! suchlhe Newslettelwants to rcachall who havesome son or viverrid conse ation or the ofinterestin thesurvival of theFes€nt diversify ofinultelids Group shouldalso write. andviverrids. With animalsscientiilcally so poorly known as many of the world's mustelidsand viverids we would Group will rcceive like to seeinteNifred effons to l@m morc abut the status' Eachmember of the Sp€cialist Newsletterissue, but othen ecology,reproduction, diseas€s, and captlvemadagemenl a complerne[tarycopy of each pay something.In fact' the needsofespecially those and subspecies listed as of inteEsredin rcceiving it should of the Newsletleradditional conservationconcem in therccendy published Cons€rvation problemof funding any issues unsolved.lt is your+he Aciion Planofthe ruCN/SSCMustelid & Viverrid Specialist io this presentone iS comPletely to obtain a tunding basis Croup. rader's-rcsponsibility in helPing for the Newsletter. Initially we plan to produce two Newslettersa year, but to makethe publicationrclatively to be sentfte€ As suchlhe Newslenerwants to bring all persons attractiveand to haveenough surplus copies govemmentofncials' logetherwho want to work towardsthese aims in oneway of chalge to researchers,students' would needa lrrinimumof or artother.we would apprcciateto hearfrom alybody who etc. in third world cormtrieswe anynon_memb€!of {,ould like to contactsomeMy to do coffiervation_rclated US$2.0OOayear.I would suggest thal would like to subscriberc the mustelid/viverridresearch o( whocan offer his servicesand the Sp€cislistGroup who of US$ 15 (largerdonaoons cxpcrience in starting one of the many priority actions Ne{slett€r paysatr adrual fee If each memb€rof &e idcorificd in the Actiol Pl6n.we would bemorc than haPPy *ould, of cours€,be welcome). intercstedin fiustelid to publGh suchrequcsts or offers in forthcomingissues of Specia.listCroup and any otherp€rson would find us foul or five tbe Newslctter. & viverrid conservation subcribers,the fulrrc ofthe Newslenerwouldt€financially ensurcd- A majorgoal oflhe Newslenerwill alsob€ lo give up dateson rccentconservation orrcsealch initiativesand b repon on new or so far udecogtdzed conservaliol RolandWirth ploblems. If -as we hope_wewill receive many short ChairmanruCN/SSC iommunicationsfor this section.the Newslener can quickly Musrelid& Vivenid SpecialistGrcup I

Mustelidae and from north-eastetfl Zi ethnozoological research and conservation'

GuiseppeM. CARPANETOand FrancescoP GERMI

The faunal richnessof norrh-€astemZaire is mainly Ituri Forest mammalsserve as food for the Mbuti dueto the greatvanety of its vegetationlypes: lowland- and All the larqer Fo,.tt. tn tirs areathe Alexander's mountainforcsts. arid and wet savannahs,marsh alrd riverine Dvsmiesof lhe l-ru.i s alexondrt' is lhe commonest ecosyslems.elc. The lu ghdive'siry of mammalcommunities iuiimanse. Crossotclru (Fig l), and is is usually capturedand i5also found in lhelarge numberofsmallcanivore specles' camivorc species alsooften flushedout by dogswhercupon As rcgatds the two families and Viverridae Klled bv dossbut blow on thehead or shootit wilh (ircluiing Herpestinae),they ale rcspectivelyr€presented the Mb;ti kiil it with a stick If lhe animattales refugein a hole' the by 6 and 17 sp€cies. ircn-tippedanows. Mbuti smokeil out. bow_huting days we h orderto realizeour own ethnozoologicalresearch During four consecutive bandcatch four cusimansesThis the forcst- and savamah dwelling people (hunler_ observeda;ingle Mbuti on very conmon for the Mbuti garherersand shiftingcuttivalots). we havecarried oul sDeciesseems-lo be Same eastemlturi Fores!.On the other hand the Iaunisticinvestigations on the mammalsof the Kit,ll and aichers in the the westemIturi Forcstdo not have Haut-Zaircreeions. ln thefollowing checklist we marked Mbuti neFhunteNof cuslmanses. (!) specieadirectly observed by us.at diffeftn! dmes many' chances of capturing &e hundngtechniques are used to berweenI984 and l98E;unmarked species werc recorded Theabove mentioned (Mellivoru capensis)' the black-legged otherauthors in prcviouspapers. Owing to taxonomists- kill rhe ratel bv ,iSripesl.who are very agEressrve disagreemenrrhrough litemtut€. we neglected tie subspecies {Sdeogdle andmen. HerPss,?r sp . dndall lhegenet levei Thefollowint abbreviationswere usedl TM, Tshopo- aga;st boti Maiko Riven reeion;IF, lturi Forest;Vl, Vir$ga National species. Park(including Mont Hoyo); GA, Gaftmba NationalPark' The African (Cilettictis civetta) and the lwo_ paln (Nandinia binotata)are oltencaught and UD to the pres€ntour ethnozoologicalsuveys have sDo$ed civet The formei is easilycaptured with nets beenrn;inly carriedout in lhe lturi Forestand in thev inrnga eatenby the Mbuti. b€causeof its large size and terrestrial NarionalPark. for antetooes

PhotoC-M. Carpaneto Fis.1. Alexander's cusimanse ( C rossarchus atetontll' different tibes (Bira, Bali, Ndaka, Budu, Lese,etc ) and have clos€batter relationswith Mbuti, who Fovide them with forcstDroducts such as meat and honey. These villagers' in fact. ars not sDecializedhunters and view the forest as oowerfuland aliin. TheyFefer to Providethe Mbuli with irarchfoods and rcceive meat in exchangeNevenheless lheyshow an inler€slingrapping cuhure to integmtethef oroieinrequiremenrs.lhe Aftican civet and all arElured with bananas.oil palrn fruits. anddead snaf,es as bai!. The villagers aPprecialeeating all speciesof small carnivores(exiludini'their own clan lotems) afld use the animalskins in a similarfashion as the Plgmies'

Severalkinds offood restrictionsexist in thetraditional cultur€ofbo$ pygmiesand v illagers.For insEnce' accordm g rorhe Mbuti oiAiipanda (w. Iruril fiegrantgenet/G?nslra victoriae) mnybe'elten only by the elders Womendo not eat this adrnal becauseof its strongsmell; mencannot eal ir otherwisetheir offspringmight havediseas€s of the respin@rysystem. The parcnts of litrlechildren cannol eat thesponei-necked onei I Luta naculi'ol li5| bec^useLhei babiis would risk a dangercuscase ofdysenlery' According to the Mbuti Efe (E. lturi). Nandiniabino,ota andc ivettictis civeta may no! b€ eatenby pr€gnantwomen m by their husbands.;therwise the baby rnight be trom with some anomalies.

All carnivorcsp€cies may alsobe totemic animalsof sinsle clans for both pygmies and villagers ln tha! case' thet believethese ale their own ancestorsand must Fig.2. Mbuti giJl wearinga hat mad€from G?'t€ttaskin' PhotoG.M- Carpaneto AII thesefood restrictions.together with the good slatus of fotst conservationand low human populallon behaviouri the latter is killed with every kind of arrow densiryin the lturi region{3 personsPer kmrr leadus to (simplewooden, pois€ned, and ircn-tiPPed) when resling in think rharrhe forest species of Mustelidaeand Viverridae uees. will still surviveunthrcatened for manyyears ln fact, there isno scie ific rnformationon the sbrusof theirpopulations Ottersare widespread and common in the I$ri Forest bul wecansugges! it is satisfactory:mostofthe speciesar€ onll occasronaigame for pygm ies. who lack h unting burare * idesoreadanicommon.and perhaPs they may tolerrle the for aquaticanimals. out o[ the water'wnen rechnrouei currerithunting pressure.The rarestand endemicspecies' foundnear river barks,the otlersmay be roused by dogsand suchas lhe aquatic Osbonictisptsciroro' arc very with iron-tiPP€darrows. Senel- killed .iusiu. ana rep'rese-ntonly exceplionalgame for both and uillagers.tn lhe near future' however' of genetsand ale usedto makehals' Dvsmies The sKns dliorcsodonassociited wilh increasinghuman Population The Mbuti wear ihese hals when lhen go hu[ting for and fir€-armsintroductioo will reducethe poPulationsie theyfiink thatmonkeyscomenearoutofcuriosily monkeys: of all lhe larger mammalsto risk levels. andso may be easilykilled The samehats are wom by girl; duringtheir iniriadon ceremony tFig 2) The Mbuti Conseflationmeasues should be takencoNidering miy alsobe used to makelhe wnst'Protectorbracelet skin villaserdemogtaphy and liveslock abs€nce throughou! the which guardsrhe archer's alm agahst the snapof lhe bow- -The I*.1?o...r. ri. in"t *ing BantupoPuladons of $e region .t ins. ratel's skin, on the olher hand,is used!o make suwive bv the exploitationof gameand forest clearing A a--". larse Droiectedaria of forcst reserve(1'383 000 ha) in the Eo-uluRiuerregion *as rccentlyaccepted by thegovemment Not only pygmiesbui alsoBantu and Sudanic shifting a; a potentialNational Park. cultivatorsiniiuii the Ituri Forest.These p€ople belong to 1

National park are considereda rcmedyagainst infectious diseases' Virunga volcanoesforcsts Thi V irungaNarional Park covers an alea of 780.000 Cenersare ftequently poached in the put in thelourisl shops ha, within oneof the mostpopulated regions of ZaiE. More andmanv skins are onsaleevery day w ith!hose oI servais' rhan 14.000perons live in the Savannahjust arcundLake of Coma.the regional caPilal. togelher (goldenmonkey and black Idi Amini ;Lnost one million peopleinhabit the atea dassies.and thiatened rnonkeys surroundhgthe southemsector of the Park(volcanoes and & white colobN). popularionsof Muslelidaeand montaneforcso. Most of thc peoplc belong to thc Nande The mos!thEaEned southemsector ofthe park andBwisha trib€s of agriculturalists.All thesepeople need Viverridaearc surelythose ofthe and fie Miomba fiEwood andtimber for domesticuse. Furthennorc, many (montane forests ard volcanoes) seemsto occul m them setout trapseilher in the for€stor in the savannah Mountains.Luckly, no endemicSpecres of taxononucstudies to catchsmall and medium_sized marnmals. ln the Mitumba theseendangered ecosystems. Funher presence subsPeciesin these Mounhins (west of Lake Amin), forcsts have almosl could reveal the of endemic poPulations. completelydisappearcd and most of the malnmal species yet unknowncarnivore arc locally extinct. All of the Mustelidae and viverri&e speciesaae and Human Biolog5r. earenby $e Nande.excePt foa the whire_napedweasel DeDartment- of (Poecilipate albinu.hlt) ard the stiped polecardcr,nlr Utriversity of Rome I. ItalY. rt tdta), becauseof their bad smell.The formcl is usedas a medlcineagarnst rheumatic pains: ils ashesare Put inlo a small incision of the patient'sskin. Genetskins ale usedin the sameway, while Oe excrcme s of Civetticfu civen4

SPECIES DISTRIBUTION

Mustelida€ VI capensis(SchirE, 1821, AonF congica(lrnnb€rg, 19l0) TM tr(!) naculicollis Lichtenstein,1835 TM VIGA cA(!) Mellivora capensis(Schreb€r, 1776) TM v(!) VI(I) Poecilogalealbinucha \Gray. 1864) Ictorryr siiara (Perry, l8l0, VI Viverridae Na ndi nia binotat a (Ctay,1830) TM rF(r) v(!) v(!) GA(!) Civ enictis civetta (Scfuebet, 1176') TM F(!) Osbornictispiscivoru I. A. Allen' 1919 TM Poiara richerdsoni (Thofipson, 1842) TM F(!) Genettavictoriae Tl]ornas. l l TM F(!) VI Genenaseflalina (Pucheran,1855) TM tr(!) vl Genettarubi|inosa Pttcheran,I 855 TM Genettopardina (L C.rtofftoy, 1832\ TM nigripes P\ct€fi , 1855 TM IF(D v(r) vr GA(!) Ichneumiaalbicauda (G. Cuvier, 1829) ichneumonLinnaeus' 1758 TM v(!) cA(!) cA(!) Herpestessanguineus (RuPpel, 1835) vr Herpestesnaso (DeWinton, 1901) TM VI GA Atital(paludinosus (C, Cuvier, 1829) TM VI GA(!) Mungosmungo (Gmelin, 1788) VI Crcssarchusalex4ndri T'lTomas& wrcughton' 1907 TM rF(!) GA Dologoledybouskii (Pousargues, 1893)

= P.rk GA = C&anDa Nat'ooal Pa* TM = Tshopo-MaikoRivers cCion Vl Virunga N.tional 4 Conservation and economic importance of the mustelids andvivetrids in China' TAN Bangjie

in quality' arewell Statusof conservation bad+e$( Arctonlx collaris), beingharsh for makingmgs. In additionlheir guardhairs are used Of the 19species of mustelidsonly two, the wolveine suitid andtheir fat for medicines' (Culo putot and the sabfetMaftes |ibellina) &long to makebrushes of lhe Chinesefur animals,regardless of whether nominailvto tie ChineseProtected Animal ListcaregoryI' Most furs are valuableor oot' have really litde economic and five: the stone manen (Martes foina), lhe yellow- lheir becausethe annualharvest is quiE negligible' thrcated merten (Martes fl6rigul4), ahe ElroPean sisnificance collection of ottels, 'stone ' alld (Lutru lutro), the smooth-coatedottet ( Tie annual ermines.despik rhe high cost of thek fur' amounNonly lo De r sp i ci llat a),a^dt}le oiental $nall-clawedotter f Am'lon)'r somehundreds of each.This is evenmore lhe casewith the cineisc) b€long nominally to categoryII' wolveine gllot. whosep€h is valuable'but whose The remainingones, including all the weaselsand badgeff' {Gll/o 'unprotecrcd" wild populationis so small in China that its annualcakh ale left for lhe dme behg' vivemdsonly one'the biniurong seldornexceeds ten specimens. Of rhei I sD€ciesof sibirica)' [' andihrce others: ExceDtionsar€ Sib€rianweas€ls tMuskla lArctic tisbintuiong t islistedin category feret bigen lMelogalenosch4ta) and alPineweasels tie largelndian cive! {yivefio zibethat'rhe small lndian I Mu.stela;ltaica.)tallbougi individual pel6 arc sold much citret avirerricula indica), and the common paln civet cheaper than lhose of sables and ' the collective lPoradoxurushen/aphrodiluJ) are lisred in categoryII' much higher b€causethe annual catchesare The "ChineseWildlife ConservationLaw" adoptedby income is quantitivelymuch grcater. Statistic figures indicate that the rhe NationalPeople's Congress in Novernberl98E has -nuol "uattg" aor"hof Siberianweasels ahounts from 2 5 becomeeffecrive irom March 1,lgE9 Accordingto thelaw (l9t- 19?7)to 3 millions( 1978-1980) wtrh a peak animalsof categoryI arenot allowedto becollected withotlt millions of 3.52 millions. The annualcatch of fenet badge$vanes a sp€cialpermit from the cenral govemmenlauthontres' 300.000and 500 000. of alpineweasels between whilethe;ollecrhg ofanimals ofcategory [l needsa p€Imit beveen 250.000and 100.000.Thes€ turs and their productsare from theprovincial authorities. Various terms ofpunishment s6Dleexpo(s for China.Mor€over these figltes arcprobably are providedby the law for violators lt is hop€dthat with as specimenscaught for privale consumptron the ieeislationof the law free huntingand poaching may be incomplite, have not b€encounted. check-edto someextedt hereaftel. Formerlv fiI. coats were seldom wom by Chinese As for the presentstatus of lheseanimals it seemsthat women,but, asa rcsult of the economicrefoms' suchcoats noneof them is really very endangeiedBut, sp€akingas a seenmore fiequently in Chinesecities lately A coat whole, their prcsentpopulations are markedly reduced' are madeof Siberianweasel_ or ferr€tbadger pelrs is genemlly having beenhunted wilhout restrictionfol so many years' sold for 300-500US$ in Chinesefur stores'Coats rdade civet, common Economicvalue frorn pelts of large Indian_,srnall Indian palm-,or maskedpalm civet are 15to J07ocheaPer than To what extent the prctective rcgulations may b€ ihosemade ofweasel or fenetbadger. and also cheaperthan effective. we vr'ill haveto wait andsee For Senemtlonsup thos€made of leopardcat or matmot' to the prcsent,alrnost all the speciesmentioned above have On lhe other hand' prices of fur coats from ' been hunted or poachedby the massesand collectedby or otler arc so high' theseproducls are only for commercial agentsas fur anirnals A few of them have matten and seldod if evel seenon the local markets' additionaleco;omic value:thus both thelarge and the small exDon "civet" Th€ tail-hairs of the Siberial weaseland small Indian lndian civet are produce$' and the rnaskedpaln also used in the production of fine brushesfor Pasu Qlonata)is considercdas adelicacy Besides civet are civel| wridng. in Guangdongand Guangxi markets' Chinesepainting and bernsfreilv on sale "fruit ') masiedpatm cinets tknown as'guo_zi_li" or cal arc exponedin thousandsto Hong Kong annuallyfo! the local Distribution speclesare widely distributedin China For gourmet'sconsumption Some Europeanoiter. the yellownhroaledfiranen' on the whole the econornicvalue of all wild animalsis instancethe the two speciesofbadge$' which arefound both in the exDlortedto (heutmost by the ChineseFor instanceti€ and andiouthemprovinces On theother hand most of peitsof the largeaad small lndian civets' the maskedpalm nonhem the rnartensand are distributedin the nonh' while civet. the crab+ating monloose (Herpeslesur."a)' urdthe -badgeNand the two remairing speciesof oners ferret (Meiogale sp) have little value in other the in the siuth. Mos! of the mustelids have a fairly countries6ut are impo(ant fur beders in China Coats live range except the ' whose small rnadefrom suchfurs arewidely on saleon fte marl€ls' extensive populationis Gited to theGreater Xing_anling Mountains The pelts of Eurasianbadlers ( meles)a^dhog 5 t 'l

"qing-zong" in nonhem Heilon&iingProvince, and lhe back-striped (knownas oablue-haired in thefur rra\ (Mustela strigidorsa) which is found in Yunnan itsmear. Tle reducrionofir\ populationisqulre rnlicU\ hovince only. The smooth-coatedottet (Lutrogale perspicillata) is ltmited to rhe westempan of Yunnan. Almost all the civetsand mongooses are animals of the Farming subtropical regions of soulh, southwest,and southeasl Sincenatuml resources arc getdngmore and more China. The large lndian civet, the small Indian civel, the scarceand the animalsmore difficult to collecr,people are ftaskedpalrn civet, and the cmb-eating mongoose fllerpesrer inclinedto raise some of thespecies with economic value in !rya) are wide-rangedspecies wilh large populations.On fanns.ExperimenN in thepast dozen years have shown thal theother hand, the binturolng(Arctictis binturond is stictly someare more or lesssuccessful while others are not. For limited to the Xishuangbannaregiod of Yunnan.Whether instance,a numberof fams or exp€rimentalstations in or not Lowe'sotter civet occurs in Chinais notyet known. nonheastChina lrying to misesable and S iberian weasel for It is wonh gettingdeeper inro rhedisrdburion of the masked a profit all ended in failue for one reasonor an othe.. palmcivet. It s€emsthat it is the only viverid whos€range Experimentswith ferret badgersand marbledpolecats of distribution extends from the southem subtropical (Vormelaperegusna) are still beingcontinued on a very provincesinto the nonhem tempemteprovinces. Surveys smallscale. As far as mustelidsare concemed, the only madein recentyears have prcved that ir is not only found successfulproject in Chinais faming. Numerous in the southempart of Henanand Shaanxiprovinces south large and small mink farms are scatleredalmost all over of the Yellow River,but alsoin cenFalHebei and Shanxi far China.Bu! the animalis not Chinese,the breedingstock nonhof theYellow River bar*. andeven in themountains beingimported from abroad,and its produclsare for expon to the north and west of Beijing up ro laritude40oN. The to fbrcign countries.The fuls andful coatsare too costly to Beijing Zoo in the fifties received quile a number of b€ soldlocally. specimenssnarcd in lhe westem Hills in the suburbsof Atthesame time, fur fanningwith canids ( rnd racoon BeijinS.but no moresince the seventie!. These specimens dogs)is alsovery popular in China. werc obviously larger, longer hahed,and grcyer coloured Meanwhilecivet farming has begun ro rhrive in China. ihan specimensfrom the sourh,so that they may form a "Civet musk" is accepredas a goodsupplement ro "deer different mce.As for its population,past records indicated musk",which is verycosdy and difficult to gel.Amoog the that the annualcatch of rhis sp€cieswas 80.000ro 100.000 limited civet farms in China,the HangzhouZoo is a io the 1960's. The prcsent figure is not known. As an forerunner.Hundreds ofcivets of bothspecies are presendy unprotectedanimal it is still fteely huntedboth fbr irs fur beingkept by thezoo for muskcollection.

List of the 19 speciesof mustelidsand ll speciesof yiverrids known to occur in China. A. MUSTELIDS B.VTVERRIDS l. Grlo gdlo(Linnaeus, 1758) - wolverine l. Vi'terrazibetha Linnaeus, 1758 - largelndian civet 2. Martes zibelliia (Linnaeus,1758) - sable 2. Viverramegaspila Blyth, 1862- lar-e€-sponedcivei 3. Martesfoin^ (Erxletf'n, l7?7) - stonemaflen 3. Vilerricula rndicd(Desmarest, l8l7) - smallIndian 4. Martesflavigula (Boddaerr,1758) - yellow-throaled civet manen 4. Prionodonpordicolor Hodgson,1842 - spottedlinsang 5. Mustelaermineo Linaeus, 1758- ermi c 5. Pagumalar\tatalHamilton-Smift, 1827) - masked 6. Mustelasibirica PaIlas,1773 - Siberianweasel palmcivet 7. Mustelaahaica Pallls, l8I I - alpine weasel 6. Parado-rurushermapftrodirr$ (Pallas, 1777) - common 8. Mustelakothiah Hodgson, 1835-yellow-belliedweasel palmcivet 9. Mustelastigidorsa Gmy, 1853- back-stripedweasel 1. Atctogalidiatriyirgata (GIay, 1832)-small-toothed lO. Mtstela putorius Linnaeus,l75E - polecat palln civet ll. ltlustelanivalis Linnaeus, 1766 - wease E. Arctictisbinturong (Raffles, 1821) - 12. Vormelaperegusna (Ciildensraedt, 1770) - ma$ted 9. Chrotogaleoh'stoni Tlromas, l9l2 - Owston'spalm polecat civet 13. Melogalemoschata(cray, 1831) -Chinese fenet 10. Herpestesaurcpuncta.us(Hodgson. 1836)- small Indian 14. Melogalepersonata Geoffroy, l83l - Burmeseferret mongoose badger ll. Herpestesurva (Hodgson. I 8lo r- crrb-eadng mongoose 15. Melesmeles (Lnnreus, 1758)- Eurasianbadger 16.ArctonJx collarisF. Cuvier, 1825 - hogbadger 17. Lutra luta (Linnaeus,1758) - Europeanotter 18. Lutrogaleperspicillara (ceoffroy, 1826)- smooth- coatedottet 19. Amblonyxcinerca (Illiger, l8l5) - orientalsmall-clawed Chi[eseAssociation of ZoologicalGardens, 137 Xi Zhi Men Wai Street,Beijing, China. Conservation of the . I Mark E. Taylor

The Lib€rian mongoose(Liberiictis kuhni) was lltrsl specieswhich is highly unlikely, while othe$ knew some of describ€din 1958on thebasis ofa numberofskulls,while thespecies and were able !o describe their habits and where theextemai characleristics ofthe specieswerc not described they lived. The generalinformation I gathercdwas lhat the until l9?4 from two frcshlykilled animalsobtained by Lib€rianmongoose is uncommon.not presentin someof Schlinerin 1971. aheareas visiled. is fierce and is found most commonlyby Although other specimenshave been obtained water courses.at leas! during lhe dry season.I! also digs subs€quentlyand used for anatomicalresearch, little worms out of rotten palm tree stumps. ecologicalinformation is availablefor lhe species.Until A singlelive Liberian mongoosewas oblained frcm 1989|here were no known published photoSraphs ofa live a villager,John Weyu, on February6th, 1989in the Gbi aninral. NationalForest. He had rec€ivedone of our colowed The speciesis mre and has only ev€r been s€enor brochurcsduring a previousvisil to his villageand caught collectedin Liberia. It is huntedfor food by rural Liberians thisanimal, a youngadult male, in a snaie.This resulted in in Nimbaand Crand Gedeh Counties, and ils ecological damageto thefoot andas soon as we obtained the mongoose requircmentsare more or less unknown.In prepatinglhe we stanedmedical lreatmentwith injeclions of Pnicillin IUCN/SSCAction Plan for GlobalMustelid and Viverrid andsurface cleansing with a diluteBeEdine solution. The gain€d Conservation.lhe commitlee recommended lha!a studyof foot respondedwell to this treatment,and lhe animal the disEibutionofthe Liberianmongoose should be sEned weight, and was soonable to walk and lrot He was flown togeth€rwith a captivebreeding programme. I undenookto to Canadaon March 19, 1989,and is now at the Mefio try andaccomplish this andin 1988led my first exp€dition from the RoyalOntario Museum and Metro to I hired JohnWeyu to try andcatch another Litr€rian Lib€ria. I found one Liberian mongoosewhich had been mongoose,and gave him a nurnberof my Tomahawktraps. shotby a hunterin theGbi NationalForest near TaPPita' In spiteof two weekstrapping he was not successful. NimbaCounty. Attempts to traPlhis speciesin SaPoNational althoughhe did catcha singlekusimanse. The use ofthese Park(Sinoe County) which is some60 km southof where live trapshas generally been unsuccessful in Liberia. Schlittercollected his specimens were unsuccessful, though I used a rcmote infra-rcd bealn actlvated camera ma$h mongoosesand a palm civet werc caught and whichwas very usefulin surveyinganimals in lhe forest. kusimanseswere s€en. WiththisequipmentI obtainedphtogaphs of , civet The purpose of the Metro Toronto Zoo 1989 andg€net, and wiih morelime andequipment I am surethat expedition to Libena was to survey the distribution, it would be an €ffective way of censusmgan area lor abundanceand ecological requirementsof the Liberian lerrestrialspecies. Bailing an areawith eithermea! or fruit mongoosein Nimba and Crand Cedeh Countiesand to assistsin attacting sp€cieswhich avoidedthe live traps. were obtain if possibletwo pairs !o staft a captive breeding During the €xpedition many Libeians progmm.A largenumberof Tomahawk live tmps of various interviewedand the goalsof the expeditiondiscussed. The sizeswere usedand weie set along animal trails' by paths value of animals as an integml and imPonant Pan of androads and near watering places in foresledand secondary Liberia's heritagewas staessedand the uniquenessof the growd areas.They were baiied with a variety of foods Liberianmongoose was emphasised. including fresh mear,fish, crabsand fruits. The trapPing Although I was unsuccessfulin obtainingmore than rateof viverndswas less than 0.5 74, though other venebrates a single live animal, I arn now familiar with the habitat to caugh(included dwarf crocodile,pigmy rail andgiant rats. requiremenlsof this sPeciesand have recommended Local huntersalso used oul trapsbut their successmrc was Wildlife ofiicialsof the LiberianFor€stry DeveloPmenl no b€tter. Authority that hunting .esxictions be enforcedin the Gbi During the 1989exp€dition I distribuEdseveral National Forest. hundredcoloured brochures to forestry staff' village$ and hunters-These brochures il lustrated lhe Lrb€rian mongoo5e. slendermongoose, kusimanse, forcsl Garnbianmongoose, 160Woodycrest Avenue genetand African linsang. Discussions with villagerswere To.onto aimed at determining the relative abundanceof the commoner\pecies and (o whatextent the' \tereaware of Ontario M4J 3B9t therarc species. Many villagers claimed they knew all six Canada. Diversity and consefl/ation status of mustelids in Mexico

GEMRDO CEBAILOS

The diversityof nativemustelid species in Mexico is problemsin Mexico(Ceballos & Navarro,in press).The relatively high. The following 15 speciesarc distributedin badgerpopulalions, who areconsidered predalors of small the counry: taym fEird barbarc), Eiso'r (Calictis l)ittata), domestic animals,have been decimatedby hunting and stripedskunk (Mep&rrt'' me p hitis),h@ded sklur|.}- (M ep hit is poisoning.Pr€dator conuol campaigns using non-specific macro ura), hdnreal$g..tl'osed sk Jrrks(C o n e patus tnz s o I e uc us, pesticides,such as compound 1080 (Sodium fluoracetate), C. leuconotw, adtdC. semis,.ratus),three spottedskunks were caried out unlil recent yea$. Pr€sently,fte use of (Spilogale Sracilis , S.putori8, andS . pygmaea),notthefi 1080is illegal but therearc enormousproblems to enforce i'ter otter (Lutra canadenJrJ),southem river otter flarr@ the law. BadgeNare protecledin La Michilia and Mapimi lo gicaudisr. seaotter (Enhldra lutris), Anr€ican badget biospherer€serves in the state of Durango. Badge$ ar€ (Taxideatews ), a\d lon9-l^iled weasel( M ustelaJrenata) . quile abundantin the USA statesbordering Mexico. The largestspecies is the taFa (5 kg) andlhe smalleslone The conservationstatus of the grison thrcughoutits dle pygmy (0.3 kg) (Leopold,1959; Hall, 1981; geogaphic l"angeis unlnown. There are few recordsof Ceballos& Navano, in press). grison in Mexico, most fmm tropical rain foaests.Such Practicallyall thesemustelid species, but the nofth- forestsare disappeadng really fast in the countrythreaten- em river otter and the seaotter, were widely distributedin ing the long-term survival of this species(Ceballos & Mexico in historic times.Human activities such as indiscri- Navarro, in press). A few populationsare protected in mate hunting and habitat desmrcdonhave caused popula- reservessuch as Sian Ka'an (Quintana Roo), Los Tuxtlas tion declines itr all fie speciesin rccenl decades.Most (Veracruz), and Montes Azules (Chiapas). However, a specieshowever, are considered out of dangerb€cause they tong-termstudy of iti distribution andecology is requircd. have been able to cope with the transformationof theil habitats.Unfonmately, seveml speciesarc in dangerof R€ferenc€s extinction. Overexploitationof both the s€aotter and the Ceballos,G. & Navano,D. In press.Diversity andcons€rvation northemdver otter causedtheir extirpationfrom the coun- of Mexicanmammals. 1r: Latin Americanmammalogy: (M. try. The pygmyskunk, the southemrive! otler andthe grey- Ecology,evolutionandcons€wation A. Mares& D. eds.).Oklahoma Univerciiy Press. (E. threatenedor J. Schmidly, headedtayra b. senex)arc considered Hall,E. R. 1981.The of NorthAmerica. wiley- endangercdthroughout lheir geogr"aphicranges. The PIob- Interscience.New York, lemsfaced by the grey-headedtayra and the pygmy spotted Leopold,A. S. 1959.Fauna silvestre de Mexico.IMRNAR. skunk ar€ discussedin detail in the Action Plan for the M€xico.D. F. Conservatiodof Mustelidsand Viverrids ( Schreiberet al., Schrcib€r,A., Winh, R-, Riffel. M. & VanRonpaey. H 1989. and their rela[ves. An 1989). Weas€ls,civets, mongooses. Action Planfor the conseNationof mustelid! and Two species,the American badgerand the grison, vivenids.IUCN, Gland. althoughnot globally endangered,face s€vere conservation

News from CITES

TheGovemment oflndia hassubmitted to theCITES Vi\terra meBaspila Lalge-spottedcivet Secrctariatthe following list of mustelidand vive.dd spe- Vi|erra zibetha Large lndian civet cies for inclusion in Appendix III: SmallIndian civet Martesflaigula Yellow-lhrcae marlen He rpe stes aurop unctatus Small Indian mongoose (including Mdlrer $rattrrsi, the Nilgiri manen) Herpestesedpar^i Indian grcy mongoose Martesfoina intermedid Central Asian stonemanen weasel MounEin Herpestessmithii Ruddymongoose M6tela erminea Crab-eatingmongoose kathiah Yellow-belliedweasel Mustela Herpestesvitticoltk Stripe-neckedmongoose Mustelo sibirico Sib€rianweasel Arctictis binturong Binturong Maskedpalm civet The lislingof thesespecies became effective hermaDhroditlr Common palm civet on 16March 1989. Paradoxurus jeftloni Brown palm civei Trafr c Bul leti n l0(3 /4)t29. Mustelid and viverrid genetics: A call for cooPerative action! ARND SCHRIIBER

Imasine that the seafarerswho roastedthe last dodo Action'\Jvhile manvkeep€rs w i ll not like thts ideawh i le thelr had spare-da sampleof its tissue' We now could exinct a small lissuesample wiu _it reakd DNA from it, alld carry out a great numoer or Detis still living. senomic yieldenoughDNA to keepnumerous rcsearcners icientifrc investigations,yielding dataon variousgenefical lonecdy- thatmany feepers will wish to cooperateby afld Dhvsioloqicaldetails of ihis p€culiatcrrature' ils uusy.I irope a *nale-;ul-sizedplece of muscleand ,*onolnu. *i its.uolurionaryrelalionships Most of lhis 'possiblyorcit"ine "r teatr tfre heatt.kidneys. and liver (or anllhing else mustremain mysterious because no onecarcd to cons€rve Onty tlv€e aspectsmu5t b€ kept in mind: first' somerissue. Still, similar opponunities are lost frequenlly' ireeoedi. the materialas soon as possible afler death;second' in eachcas€ when a rarely kept mustelidand viverrid dies' frceze ascold as preferablyal -80C'(afier\hock- andthe keeper do€s not care lo Preseweits genome(although storeil Posstble. in liquia niFogen.or in a mixture-o[dry ice and fiis is tanli easy,.DNA is a shblemolecule con6ined in fteezing althoughstorage in an ordinarykilchen fteezer *" ore- ;d ti..u.. *d it is easilys€cured if lhesamPle alcohoii. -20 i tolosingthe valuable material: is rcmived soon.and stored frozen unlil the nucleicacid is reachine C' Dreferable m'a*esure ttrir it aoesnot lhaw again Manycolleclions exEactedin the labo€tory. Oncethe DNA is solvedin an rtrira. their cdcassesto veterinaryinstitutes for aulopsy' appropriatebuffer solution,or lyophilized, it can be sto'ed will s€nd wish to mount the sp€cimensfor exhibilion in a many yea$. or will for samplesof soft tissuescan usually be Thercfor€ [ ask every interested zoo cumtol' or museum.Howevef, without interfenng wilh other post_dortemuses rl Drivatekeeper. to cooperatein an effon to collecttissue taken wise to savere;onably sizedsamples, in view of samplesofireth carcassesof raiemuselids and viverrids ;i;ht be future needs, including those of your own for ; DNA bank.Inadvertently trapped animals arc anomer unioreseen institution.If you agreeto coop€mtewith me' I am ce(ainly Dossiblesource (but scientific enthusiasmshould nol lead willingto storeantremaining DNA. andprorcin fractions' urooeoto patsecuteraaa species). Collecled overa number usesby you. or interested col leagues lnlyophlliz€d of yiars.enough speciesc;uH be available forcomParative foriirtirc OXe can reachyou at eachcomer of the globe' o*oo..t. *i hopefully.also severalindividuals from condltion, Ia.ndrover,or on horseback sD€ciesfor populauon analystsTherc are bv air mail. single Senetical maioreffon is to sendfiozen ma@rial to a nuierous addiriorialbiological {i€lds which could profit Theonlv e.8. o theaddress glven below Cenainlylhe cenain molecularanalyses. such as conserva'on laboratory, from purple-spottedflying mongoosewould rnent genelics,ifimunology' systemaiics,evolutionaly biology last Chinese -" *"n effo:n.i"a U tuch urgentcases I could probably andecology. ananee the Eanspon. However' my researchfunds ale definitelv not sufficient to air-ship two dozen ftozen Background fiom all Auslralian zoo to Heidelberg' H"ardlvanv mustelidor viverrid sp€ciesconsidercd Europeanbadgers as thrcatenei (oi likelv to be so) by the Mustetid and hasb€en lhe object of intensive Reouest' for cooperation Viverrid SpecialistCroup Croupshould lnitiate studies.and DNA investigationsappear Ifyou agreethar 6ur Specialist moleculartenetical you prcparingsimilar srudies Thevery few genetic studies published sucha prognrime.if arc;ven rob€ roui li lacking. coopemdonor if you just focusedon starchgel electrophoresis andarc iniercsrcdin scienrific aboutwildmustelids yoursPecmcns sholld be preserved' proleins I am not awarc of a comPrehenliv9 feelthal $e genesof of selected p€rsonalscienlific interest is lhe vivernds using molecular biological pleasecontact me My _methods.senetic study of genetic variation of some on the other hand. carnivoregenelics revealed ieqree of intraspecific relevantDNA sequences,alrd.rnolecular surprises.including a remarkably low degtee ol irnirunologically maior samples are one apProacnto sucn geneticvariation in somesp€cies. Litewise' little vdiation evolution. Carcass muchadditional work could be doneif blood' ias found in two of threerecent studies in mustelids' research,but tissuescan be taken.Fuflher technicaldetails had Hardlyan,'rhng is knownabout the immunogenetics or living discussedby directcorresPondence between those of rare muslelidsand viverdds. Endemicdiseases' sucn as be$erG distemp€rand rabies, are common in a numtl€r of rare htere$eo. ou.t"lid,i"it"oidt populations.The lastknownPopulation of the black-foored fere! was almost exterrnrnateclDy canine distemper.Wtile some molecular investigations basedon the only few specimensnecessarily available in idre sD€ciesmust relnain fiagmentaryfor a long tlme to give to understandmore Arnd Schreiber,c/o Prof. G. Sauer' come;evensingle -biology datacan hints Geman Cancer of a species wouldn't it be a sad lnstitute of virus Research, effectively the Centre,Im NeuenheimerFeld 280, 1'a-*. if ifte tissues-of the only presendyin Research D-6900 Heidelbery,Federal Republic of Gemany' captivity were not Prcserved? Mustelid and viverrid wealth in Sikkim

Lockedinby snow-capp€d Himalayan peaks, Sikkim isbordered by Tiber (China),, Bhulan,and Nepal (see CHINA map).The climate is tropicalup to 1,050m, temperatefiom TIBET 1,050to 3,650m, and alpinefrom 3,650m up lo fte perpetualsnow line at 4,850rn. while muchof it is barren, mountainous,and under perperualsnow, Sikkirn, smaller than YellowstoneNational Park, is alsobotanically one of Asia's richestareas. About 4,000flowering plan$ andfems I.IEPAt -inchding400 orchid varieties- flourish her€. Although the small camivorc fauna may no! be abundantit is cenainly variedwith threespecies of mustelidsand four of viverrids still present. .'rI Ntus Usha Ganguli-Lachungpa(Projecr Offtcer, s[(KtM Fisheries& wildlife Circle, Govt. of Sikkim) has kindly reponedon the two field trips of the Zoological Surveyof Indiamade in Silkim Dec.l98l-Jan. 1982 to thenonbem and southempart, and Apr. l9E2 to the westemand again to the southempart. We are happyto leam that following speciesare still pan of Sikldm's amazingfauna: l. MarlesJlavigula, yellow-throatedmanen pairwas on I0 Jan.1982 in Phodong(N. Sikkim) A sighted Nayabazar EHUTAN a! ca 1.500m ASL. Acco.dingto Mrs Canguli-Lachungpai! is sdll quite comrnonin northemSikkim beyondca 2,000 m. INDIA 2. Musrel4Jibiica. Siberianweasel Oneindividual was sighted on 6 Jan.1982 in Lachen(N. Sikkim)at ca2.850 m. Mrs Canguli-Lachungparcpons the sightingof a young oneindividual by Dr. R. K. Ghosein Lema(ca 2,300 m) in Sib€rianweasel at the hot springa! Yumthang(ca 3,700 m), Dec.1981. alsoin nonhemSikkirn. 6. Pagumalanata, maskedpalm civel 3. Lutra lutru, EruloFan otter Maskedpalmcivets were sighted several times: one each in Although the otte$ arc lhe chief concem of a sepamte Singhik(ca 1,400 m) andHee Gyabang (ca 1,800m) -both SpecialislCroup we cannotresi$ repodng ihe good news in thenorth-, Yoksum (ca 1,800m) in thewest, and a pair thatthe Europeanotter was commonly seen in largesEeams in NayaBazar (ca.l00 m) in the souih. near HeeGyathang (nofth) and Melli (sou$) rcsp. at ca Mrs Ganguli-Lachungpafound that Paguma lanato, 1.850and ca.150 m in Jan.1982. together with Vi'rerra zibetha. utd Lutra lutra, arc srill l. zibelha.latrEe Indian civet commonin east.south. and west Sikkim. One individual was observedin each of the following 7. Arctictisbinturcng, binttnong Iocalities:25-27 Dec. 1981, Singhik (ca 1,400m, N.); 2l- A pair of binturongswas observedon 4 Jan. 1982in 26Apr. 1982,Naya Bazar (ca 4O0 m, S.);23-24 Apr. 1982, Menshithang(ca 3,150 rn, N.), andone individual 8-9 Jar. Yoksum(ca 1,800m. W.); 25-26Apr. 1982,Pelling (ca 1982id HeeGyathang (ca 1,800m, N.). 2.000m. w.). The distribution on the left bank of the TeesE River in 5. Prionodonpardicolor, spottedliosang northemSilkim is confirmedby Mrs Ganguli-Lachungpa The reporton the sponedlinsang is basedon lhe sightingof who foundbinturonss Dot common there.

Binturong Studbook amouncement

LastMay lhe "RegionalStudbook oflhe Binurong bintuongs kept in nine zoosand one Privatecollection in (Arctictitbinturon|) n theBrirish Isles" was published. It theUK. Thegenealogy is currentthrough December 1987. wascompiled by PaulRobinson ofsouthpon Zoo, Southpon, Thisis io our knowledgelhe first andonly viverrid UK. Besidessome preliminary chapt€rs on taxonomyand studbookin existenceal present.we hopethis usefuland disributron.sralus in rhe wild.slarus and histor) incaptivit]. muchneeded work may sewe as a model, reproduction,and diseases,it containsdata on the 63 10 RESEARCH

reproductive POPULATIONVIABILITY ANALYSISDATA FORM- ...from R. A. Mead: The MAMMALS cycleof the wolverine, Species: Greg Starypanof NonhwestTrek Park,Tacoma, Speciesdistribution: (subspecies): Washingloninvited me to assistthem in sudyingthe Studytaxon Studypopulation location: reproductivecycle of 15captive lcrlo glrloJ Metapopulation-are there other separate PoPulatio.s? ownedby DalePeterson. Olhers panicipaling in this Are mapsavailable? Sepantion by distance,geographi€ study are Marc Rector,graduate studedt at the University barriers?: of Washington,and Dr. Mike Jones,DvM. we have Specializedrequirements (lrophic, ecologicat): nowpretty well delineatedlhe testiscycle in themale Ageoffirs! reproduction for each sex (proportion breeding): and havemonitored testostercne levels. Testicular rccru- a) Earliest: descencebegins in lale Januaryand lhe testesreach b) Mean: period(days or weeks): ma,\imalsize in May.Two oul of lwo malesproduced Cestation Litter size(N, mean,SD, range) (at binh?,weaning?): in goodejaculates in June.Testicular regression begins Binh s€ason: late July and appearsto be completeby SePtemb€r.The Binh frequency(imerbinh interval): femalesexhibited incrcased vaginal comification from Reproductivelife-span (male & female,range): Juneto earlyAugustl however, few of themexceeded Life timereproduction (mean. male & female): 90%comified epithelial cells in thevaginal lavages fo. Adult sexmtio: more than a few daysand noneof the femalesbred when Adultbody weight ofmales and f-emales: (random.pair-bonded, exposedto males.Plasma progesterone levels remained Socialstructure in tems ofbreeding polygyny,polyandry, etc.; breedingmale and female thatthe wolverine basalthroughout the study suggesting tumovereach year?): doesnot ovulateand form corporalutea unless bred. This Proportionof adult malesand femalesbreeding each year: sludy is now aboutto ent€r its secondyear and we hope Dispersaldistance (mean, sexes): aoobtain breeding this year. Migrations(months): Territorialily(home range, season): Dr. RodneyA. Mead,Dept. of BiologicalSciences. Birih sexmtio: Universityof ldaho,Moscow, Idaho 83843, USA. Birth weights(male & female): Ovuladon -induced or sponklneous: ...from Gerardo Ceballos: lmplantation-irnmediate or delayed(duration): "Asociacion (Mexican l. The Mexicanade Mastozoologia" Esfous cycles (seasonal,multiple or single,post paitum): Associationof Mammalogists),a scientifi c socielydevoted Duration of lacBtion: to the studyand conservalion of the mammalsof Mexico, Post-lactationalestrus: welcomesintemational membels. For more information Age of dispeNal: pleasesend letter to: Maximum longevity: Dr. CemrdoCeballo President AMMAC Population census -most tecenl. Date of last census. APartadoPostal 70-?+19 Reliability estimate: Mexico.D. F. 04510MEXICO Projectedpopulation (5, 10,50 years): Pastpopulation census (5, 10, 20 years-dates, reliability pygmy 2. I ambeginning a studyaboul the ecology ofthe eshmates): skunk/Spilogdle pygmaea) ar the BiologicalStation of Population sex and age structure(young, juvenile, and Chamela.located in westemMexico. Anybody interesled aduhs) -time of year: pleaseget in touch. Fecunditymtes (by sex and ageclass): Mortality ratesand distribulion (by sexand age)(neonatal, Dr. GerardoCeballos. juvenile, adult): ApartadoPosral 23-D, Toluca, Populationdensity eslimale.Area of population.Attach Mex.50120.Mexico marked map: Sources of monality -7. (natural, poaching, harvest, -.from U. S. Seal:Request accidental, seasonal?): for populationviability data. Habitat capacity estimate (has capacity changed in past 20, we hav€ preparedPOPULATION VIABILITY 50 yeals?): ANALYSIS (PVA) DataForms to beginlhe Prccessof Present habita! protection status: collectingfte informationnecessary to conslructpopulation Projectedhabitat projection status (5, 10, 50 yea$): ftodels asa part of the processof evaluatingthe statusand Environmental vaiance affecling reproduction and mortalit-v needsfor long telm conservationof speciesand populations (rainfall, prey, predators,disease,snow cover?): in the wild andin captivity. We arepreparing an sction plan Is pedigreeinfomation available?: for captivecamivore populations and wish to work closely Attach life table if available. with the specialistgrcups. We welcomeyour comment, interest,and panicipation. Corespondent/Investig or:

1l Name: knowingthe origins ( land,region orlocality) of Addrcss: in post mortem ftndings and we also hope lo willingnessto panwilh sometissue samples or blooi! Telephone: 'Muslelid Fax: Amd Schreibeis andviverrid genettcs in Refer€nces: numo€r). Commenls: BreedingSpecialist U. S.Seal, Chaiman IUCN/SSC Captive Pleasecontact: Grcup, Paul Robinson l2l0l JohnnyCake Ridge Road, ApPle Valley, MN 55124, (612)43r-$245. Cuator SouthponZoo USA.Tel. PrincesPa!k, Lancashire,UK Requestfor binturong Southport, (Arctictis binturong) information or: Arnd Schaeib€r Little taxonomicwork work hasbeen done in rccent ZoologischesInslitut yea$ on lhe Asianviverrids. The binturongis no exception. kn NeuenheimerFeld, 28 Some membersof the M&VSG chose the binluong as D9000 Heidelberg,FCR studymaterial because, except for somesocial mongooses, it is the most fiequently kept viverrid in zoological or: Harry Van Rompaey collections,alld alsobecause a staft hasb€en made by Paul JanVerbenlei,15 Robinsonwith the publicationof a regional studbook. 2520Edegem, Belgium we would be gratefulto hearfrom any zoo who has kept or is keepingbinturongs. we arechiefly interestedin

ABSTRACTS

American mink in beaver's Ylar of collection(19?0) and preciselocation suggest sitesin Poland. selectivelylogged, fully evergreenfor€$ at about150 m Asian Af!€r intentional introduction of ASL. Togetherthese records expand the southeast (Mustela vison) into Byelorussia (USSR) this felal rangeof H- ,/rvc southwad by approximately500 km. populationsprcad to the west.In the early 1980'sthe feral Wells,D.R. &Francis,C.M. 1988.Crab-eating mongoose minksfrom$e Piskawildemess(c& l60km N. ofwarsaw) Herpestesurva, a fialJ:'malnew to Peninsular andthose in the Mazuria[ Lakelandwete studied.On those M^laysia.Malay. Nat.J. 12:3141 territoriesonly the Arnerical mink was found to live. The rrinks chosebeaver sites as their winter home.They were Distribution and taxonomYof comoon in beavet burrows, lodges,a.rld food stomges;it Herpestessp. in PeninsularMalaysia seemsthat the felal mi[k forced the beaversout of their Malayanrecords of llerpestesbrocht rus urd lodgesby its permarcnt prcsence.Additional aesearchis H. i/rvd have been exchsively ftom lowland rain forcsi, oecessaryto find out whelherthe feral mink is ableto rcduce brachyurus^tIo\N -lylngsiles nonh to Perakand Tercngganu the numberof L€averkits. Huntels lhink that the sprcadof States,,lnd to approximately150 m ASL southto Selangor feral mink populationsrcmarkably reduces the numberof State. Extemal and skull dimensionsof individuals of musk mts and waledowl. knowosex,/age class adequalely demonstmie that smalland Zurowski. W. & Kammler,J. t987. Norka amerykanska large, shon-fured, rufous-faced mongoosesinhabiting (Mustelovison Schreber.l?77) w stanowiskach lowland non-forcsi environmentsin Malaya (Peninsular boffiw. Prze glad ZooloSttzty 31(4):513-521. Malaysia) solth to Selangor,and elsewherein southeast Asia, constitute a single, sexually dimorphic sP€cies' Crab-eatingmonqoose in Herpestesja1)anicus. Transfer of the small-sized taxon PeninsularValavsia. perakensisro ja|anic s plus dismissalof an invalid record D. R. wells and C: M. Francisrepon a sighting of a eliminatesa clairnedarea of sympatrybetween this species party of threecratseating mongooses (Herpesks una) in Md Herpesvsauropuncldtus, removing the latter fiom the selectively logged (subsequendyclear-felled) semi- Malayanfauna. AerPesrsr edltardri is Fobably nowextinct deciduous,plainslevel forest a! 6o40'N,100'14'E, Mala in this area. AyerForcs!Reserve, Perlis Slate in March1987. Also. the discovery in the collections of lhe lnstitute for Medical Wells,D. R. ln press.Notes on lhe disErbution and Research,Kuala Lumpur of an overlookedspecimen ftom of PeninsulmMalaysian rnongooses fH?rp?Jlss). theGombak Valley ofSelangor State, at 3'15'N. 101'44'E. Nat.Hist. BuU. Sian Soc ,3'l(l). Recent Litefatufe

Mustelidae Bodv-fatdvlxli:',:l*: l Bushrk,s. w & Hdlow.H J lqEo Addien. E. M.. Stricklatd. M A Skpn'nson a B & HGvc | " -'' r Am€n em.ncnrM4d4s4edLatu)insmtet'r'MdnML'v olt. coiil i".ionr po*'urv assciatedwt'n s*'J:obn8'l6 N.drodl: r omts cd J 193. M.Estronsylodae) iilfecrions h mtfl€ns fischeB ud (fl n trapPeo zoo1.. to\,2r5s'2 | 59 Bu!kn*. S.w. & Ltnd,ledr'S L -1989^Serbies ' sdnpld of Mustelidast i'fatmdl, /t'tI):66-v' Andeuon B F. 1988.Orcurnc€ of $e lea$ w'et MBklo - J LM A'al s't 63rl):8] H I .-r,r, i"i"-L"a-0..*,v Tenr'sse' Bustirt" S. w, ForrEsr's C RaPhacl M C- & Harlo$ 'qss. il'fi';;,i"; i; ""orosvor ;anen in rhec'nnar Ro't) &HMis w v lqE8 Antibodvril.r' in dom:+c AoDcl,M I G v" Molnr tB.J Wild|Motu8..5l(l):l9l-196 r*, ',i!'-i 'r'"' r1" ro"-rm dirkmperv rrus v ec'ne J Ant C & M ed. Asr @., t93(1) t312'133- Cahobcll,T M ulclart.T w R(hadson L FoG'L5 oi w blackjootedreRc An E R I9EE' n *tJ. ri.h. issr' roodhobirs vomms AoDs.P J, v icn. H. w. Pretoriusv &-Rohwcr' srands'c.donor'heirnFdpor'ca' Midl. ,iadr.,I l7( l ):208-210. P i ;',;xi:n:l#,1"y Che.sdnan.C L ' Cressw€ll,w J'HlIris'S & Mauinsofl' in rwo badger uat. -..o-i.o" "i a"p.^al md olher move-trlenls M. l9EE tur evtlustid ofrehn'qu's forcaFuring rnd r8(Ir:51-5e tudu, S. i,rl"i*-.ii 'l p"p,t.,i.*l u@dl R'v radiocottoncfishen MIdl So( Bull t6t4t:41142t Wildmith' J- W Stuan F A & Mallinsn md naBlirvof Ch€cs.mao.C. L Bsci. v & Heslad. A lgSS Reprodict'on " r r6ii--o"""tn"' "r *b.Nlo$s rn a natr!-illvInf(ted badser in Yuron Ann Zoot F'\n 1lt4\"2o5' Zlo' wolvdi;. {6110 s!lo, w4lLllot M;Ml Rd tatl,'6r-72 Th€ €ffect of BaEbasz.B . Juosz' S. & KasFrczvlq J l98? w &-BailevV Ie88 Theleasr wealei 'n numb'rorhnenand reruri* Ch@(..J.R.. Langlev ."".*"ellil.*.r.;F ;.v duni'o sorlFrrrcm Kdsas P.dirk No! 2JJtlttrl i;6i.dr2. z.n Prob!:P;st.Pov Na!* noh ]41:J8l 3e3 O &Crump D.R lo89 Se lms of ruPE CllDDeltonB K.Minot.E B.ma. M.. Des.tr$. M & Mead R A lg8E Effets thefect Musletdl'to L r'rl'n "'"'" ond'raved improntauon h ttle fmm dal;; *r€cFuonsof "r'i^"ii'J i'iiiij' "oL,i* *o rn.ratonin l5(l):291-306. smri.d skunr.de/.4rlr.tiloloAy An5t r-t t) led *'el Clark.B.S &Cla*'B K lgE8 Firstr€co'd of lh€ &Mead'R A lgEg RoleofProlaclrn Benia,M,Josepll M. M in oKahom&Pmr. Nar' 20(3):134' -o r",ii'ii'?iiii,-'iJii i";i;rauns .'mincor i.prdta,,on In rhe :t3t'zr' endag€cd sr':8nAs}.lt* Biol ReProt1.,' Clark, T. W. 198? Restoringbalancc b€lvccn thc rnrhe ceat Plain tr*rt.r}r? rcrrtrtuorra 'raai;rI rndhurnd uc D E. & Schdder']!4-H 1988Hktorical and Pr'rnt s'i 7r(4':168r'r' Bi8gings. R'p 'RM' i'l?'"iii"-"'i*ii;.i' i w6h A'od .uus ot il'e ujrr toorcoferet U S For Sed G'a Tech 196? 154:93-97. clarL T. w., G€nst€n.J ' Go'ees.M Crct'' R &Gill'' ion sitesin v,onta a'Prdiie Sofll€ obs€fladons-ona capt've nonev ta"Jiliti-i-i-,"a]""it;nsr; Black. R A R lo88 Nzr.,l9(l):43-56. o"ar*-liiii"*i'"ip,i"'' N'tuolist's Alrt t2tzlt+t8' G &Yalden D w lq88 Thenarional microclimal. Cl.fren6 E D. Neal E Bock.w F loE8.llntcsrig ronson de,sitesod 18(I)rI'e b Gcrman' badgq1€n surv.y Motnaln.v di ba.teers€tts IM./er u./?r,, 2 Jagd*i$ lalJ':l4l-|52 wedels on $€ Engtis-hsulm Counn€v.R. F lg88 Identifving long-tailcd ftr$' size rEiREs.Blue Jor 46(2):93-96' Bock.W F. l9E8 (Thcimportancc of sil cosposirion E cemMvr' z "i u"ai* *".,ua", u?/e',. in rso das in S w. J. & Hatnq S lcS& tlF Frcc6 ot wcaths Engn'hsurm Cresswell. in a s,i!!.,;fr.. 5l(6,:l4q 15? ln C'nno i:'J.*"*"" dd rrivrv of badgsrM?'r4'rP' "*oi"ii!i" zta| rtal'te4 l .'tiifiil-'-"..*"' z,ot tLondo,' Boissn_Ac|s* L.lequ't.J M tncrck A & Boissrn onresricurd rund'on LHRH la88 FoEgincbehattouandhome_ rs8s.;"ciili"#.t?p'"i"iecrohv a sholt- Cnssw.u,w J &Hanis.S i*"'ur"i" "'4. -a prasmaprolacnn lev'h n Lhemtnt il;; iiget ' u eresitei' wpntanonMo!'nar 5l4r:185-l% .'s.;ffi;.i.il; d;i bre.dcr'J Prz?d/Rzr'. R.v..l8(l):37_49 M &Cribdova'L Y tc87' atvatisa Boryinlin.A.D.Ch.rnov S Davrd P c. lo88 Funhgr^qrTlqllionot MBPta brain and-sar'va'vgreds ung fte o",*'i" ii6.i "*'i";imd Kenrucky.ftd trt.,4cdd l r-imevvme rerhoa vopt ritusot 3}t6':141-1'o Th'dnal gldd Dav,s.JM,LahnoDR&RopetTl lo8E & HowatdD R le88 ftflalcnce ot r-Pl"r-ed 'G mrein u'rr Bnqqs,D J Bdggs.J.M K,* riomr006 o *"*,rJ. .iii'i i"i"p"* uadslrI v?/e, .u'* tiii iJpll .iJi__;t;P/'ixru?"r'ir'.n comunicamn. J Z@l t Loldor) 2t6t rt4ti$i tqa5.Trunt.Kans A.a4 sct of the T & TchemovE la88 On the li(r scurnce H I &For€$'S C t9ES Tcmp'mruE Datan, nf lrrel i'l@udl@ Buskiik. S w. Haflow, .".*i,l&t,u,""t.^""'r ' h theloasil Ecord **;^ (Maft.s Me'icana) 6 wst ' Na't -^r"'i.'ii"^ir-i*r""i 52(2):165-l6E- G;oeL Res.,aQ),$8-218 D€libes,M. & Amorcs,F. 1966(l96E).Thc slonchafle. n/dn?t H.m. L & Sladek,J. 1984.Bibliognphy of th€ C /or'a (Enl€b.n. 1777) (MMali& CdivoE) frcm lbiu (Pitiusic, €sc4h in C@ivora 1970ro 1980-I)a (PFgue)"22rl2ll BalearicIsland!). Mira. Zol., l0:335-345.

Dilb€rger.J. E. & Alfnd. N. H. 1989.Ncopl6ia in f.m$: Hof€r, H. l9EE. vdiation in rcsourceprcsenae. ut'lizatron md €r*€n ces with a rcvi€w. .l. Conp. Pathol., tUX2J:1,6t-116. reprodudive successwidin a topularion of Eu.op€d badgers(-V?1"r netes).MMM| Rev..1E\t)tE-)6. Etstron. J., Hakanson.R., Mansson.B. & Tobin. G. l9EE. T&hykinin involvcme in paraympathelc n.rve€voked salivadonof Hoover.J. P.. Baldwi.. C. A. & Rupprccht,C. E. 1989.Serologrc tt,€fen L Br. t. Phdtucol,94<3)t7U-712. €sponseofdomesdc fe.Ets (M ustelaputotiut luro)ro c$ire dtstenpel and mbiesvios vaccines..1 ,1n. Vet.Med. Asoc , t94\2):23+23a. Elsheith.L. E.,Kdlsson, K.-4., B.rgru, R. & Atars, S. 1988. Irdnction of pmtective ilnmurc €spons€ by v&cinadon against HumphEy,T..I. & Bygrave,A. 1988.Abonior in acow assciat€d Pseudotuaa prcwr\oii^ ot '']ir],r-J. vet. Med. S.r. B 351+256263. with Salmoocllainfsrion in badge6.ver. n?c., 123(6):160.

Erling., S. & Sddcll, M. 19E8.Ccxis(cftc of stoat rl,/rrr./a hakova C. K. 1967.Cytogenetic invesngation of Amencanmrnk mivo,Ntdveel,M. n a|is:wialdmiMc.,sdtcoflnulicaion, I M6t.ta ison) brcd n tut fa''ii condition. Sdv. G?,?t. (Ensl. rDd. and miprocal distribution. Oi kos 53(2r,24-U6. G. n. Ii ka) 23(6J17 6+7 68.

Fagmrorc, K. A. &Joho!, B. E. 1987.Tdnsponders as p€rmanent Jedrreje*ska, B. 1987.Reprcduction in weaselsM6r.ld nr'v41ir id.nrincldon na*6 fo. domcstic f.rer5. blek-f@red tftrs, md in Polsd- Acto Th.riol.. 32121-31).193496. 6art€rwildlife. J. wildl. ManaC...5l\2):294-297. Johnson,T. B. 1987-Black'fmt€d fereL tiltldl. views. 30(I ): 17. FoGs! S. C., BiggiB, D. E., Richard$n. L., Clart, T. W., Campb€l, T. M. lll. Fage6tone,K. A. & Thome,E. T. l9EE.Population Joseph,M. M. & M€ad.R- A. 1988.Size distribution offen t anributcsfo. th. black-foocd ferrct (M6tela ,rgdper) ar M€et€€t!€, lut€al cells durinSprcgnmcy. Aiol- Rep.od..39.1 159-1 169. wy@i^A, l9a | 1945.J. M Ml., 69{.2):26| -2 73. Khleboddova,T.M-er al. lgEE.The mink proopiomelanoco.iin gcne:[email protected] complenenbry DNA andch.omosonal Fowl.r.P. A. & Racey.P- A. 1988.Ove$inrcring st at€gicsof the lcaiization.Gerour.r 2(3):lE5-188. brdger. Mel.r D.ler, at 57'N. J. Zool. (bndo, ) 21414):615-651. Kirkltud. G. L. ft & Maldonado.J. E. I9E6. Pattemsof vdiaton Fulld. T. K..John$n.w. E.. Franllin.w. L. & Johns. K. A. in cFnial damage atriburable to S*rrirrirplrr sp-lN€matoda. 1987.Notes on thePatagorid ttog-noyd sklrlk lcotepotus hutuboldti) M€hstrcnSyloid.a)in skunkslMammalia. Mustelida€) from Mexico. in slheh Chili..f.Manrol., 68(4):864-867. s,!rrr"v. Nar.,33( I ):l5-20.

Cill. J.M., Hlnley, W- J- & Hodgkinen,N. L. 1988.An outbrcak Kondo,N.. Saiioh,T., Umguchi.K. & At€, H. 19E8.Age ot posr-vmiMl susFcred dist€mpe.'lik€enc€phaliris in fmed feftn dereminarion.grcwth md sexul dimo.phisd oflhe feral mink aM!n./d (Mustela putonus furo). N. Z. Vet.J., 36(4)1173-176. v6or) in Hokkaido../MadwL Soc.lpf,., t3(l).69-75. Gli*icz, ,. 1988.Sexoal dimorphism in smaumusFlids: bqly KoftoneD. H. l9EE. Sea.sotalcompuison of body composiion dimete! limitation.O,t r 53(3):41l-,114. dnd hiir cdt srfrcrurc b€rwen mink Md wlec^r. Conp. Biorhen. Phrsiol.A Conp.P hlsiol..9 t\3):449473. Glowacinski. Z & Pbfus, P- 1987. Next Nord of rhe step?€ wlecar Mustela elersdan,ti L.ss6, t821. in Poled. Peeel. z@1., Ko.hon€n, H.. Hari. M. & Mononen.J. 1989. Re8lladon of 3l(4J.522-526. weiShtlos in malefarm mink Codp Bbcheh.Phlsiol.AConp. Ph! s i o l., 92(3):3 55 - 357. Golovin.S.Y.cial. l9EE.Synth€sis. cloning od equencingof Oe ploopion€lanoconinconplen€nt.ry DNA frcmih€ piruary eladof Krort. P. 1985. weirere Be6erk!ngen nber das nlnk Mustela rison. Biors. Khin.. l41.2)t271-275. SteinmardervodommenlMat.rr{r'ra Enleben.1777) in Kleinsolkral (Mmmlia. CmivoE). Mitt. Abt.Z.ot. Landesn6.lfunneutu. 33:7- G€nillion-Smirh,C. & wmll A. 1988.Epiz@tiology of skunk t2_ nbEs in NdotrhAm€nca. J. 4 ildt. DB . Z4\4|62M2o. Kvm, T., Ov.Bkaug, K. & Sorensen.O. J. 1988.The wolverine Grov€s. C. R. 1988. Distnbution of lhe volvcnne in Idaho a Gulogulo lnNoN^y. Luto 3l\l),1-2O. de€rmin€d by nail questionnaire.No'ltwer, S.i., 62(a): I 8l - 195. Laing,R. 1987.The rccstablishment of the bl&k-f@led feret to Hdcox. M. 1988.Field agcd.t minarion in theEurcFan badger. th€Cuadio prairie.P.rv. M! s. Alberta Nat. HisL Occ6. Pap.,91293- Rd- E.ol. Tene vie 43(4).399-4t)4. 297.

HmoL M. 1988.Pine mafl€nrccolonistion in Brillin. ftt. Zoo Lmy, E. & Canivenc.R. 1988.(Photopenodic €activation of NNs 3514<2W)t12-13. corpom lutca fomed by gon.dofiophic hofron€s in Eurcp.o badger M.l.t nelesL.)C- R. Aca.1.S.i. Ser. I Sci.Vie 307(15):759-762.Ir Hancox, M. 1988.Dcf,td anomalicsin dE E'ffiio badger./. Zool., 216(4).$6-608. Lawes.t. N. C. & Andftvs. P. L. R. 1987.Vnnaton of th€fenet Hanl. G.8.. Willing. R., GnUiEch,M. & Klansek.E. 1988. strll (Muttela putotiu firo L.) in rcladon 10streotaxic lddmtuks J. Bich€mical veiation in MusElide: AE c@ivorcs generically lcs Amt.,l54:157-171. vajiablcthan other mmmals? Zool. Aaz., 22t(.ln\:E t-9o. Lobachev.Y. S.& Baidavfetov. 19E6. Mones nates $,te^sis iA H€gg.n€s,J.& Bo.gsrM,R. 198E.Effetof mink,Mdrelauron rh. UdtllB6in. F!.,18-49in: C rozd.v.E-v - led.)Rorc sp.cie! ofdninats S.hEb.r. predationon cohonsofjuvenile adanticsalnon, 54140s4lo' ir /(a:ahsrdn. Nauka,Alna At4 KazathsEn. 2.16pp. In Russie. L.. andbrown Eout. S.lzna L.. in thrce smallstreams. J. FiJl8iol., 33(6):885-894. Lups,P-, & Rop€r.T. J. 1988.Tooth size in $e Eurcpeanbadger (M.Lr u?/er) with sFcial iefercnce to Fxual dinorphism. dier and Hcm. 1 1984.Cmm€nts on thc ag€-cordnion€d choges ofskull innasp€cilicaggrcsion. A.r4 Thaiol.,331.2)t2l-i3. proponionsin som€species of Mustelidae.tr-e (Pagu€), 22:I I - l,r. In

14 M. J. 1988.Rabies od rabi€scotml in srip€d sk!trks P.. RoDer,T I & Stcker' G l9ST Stomachconenrs of Pybus. - LuDs. ( nephitk) ia tlsee r€gionsof westem'odh Anenca r ' "z"i ^"i't l n u"tral swits€rlatdn4az-tlid 5l(4):559- Mephni Wi.ie tiiili W iLll. Dis.. 2413):434-449 )1o. v J 1988Rab'es contol bv 'kunt depoPuhrionin Masoun.A.J.1987.Summerandei erdi€tsof wolvcnncs.6!10 Ptbus. sufie; Albe@. rs6Jto raE6P,an. La! 2ott,:1 20 {!lo, in A;ctic Araska.Cdr. Fietd'Nat ' t0rl3)t392-397 E.Cisliotri F & Sroles D C lo88 Cqpro'Pondio'i" Masuirc. L.A.. Clark, T. W Cr€te R Cada J . Grcves C ' Reh!.J hb t'nml S.i 38r2):155-158 shafter.M L. & Sed,U. s. lq88 Black_fmtedfemt recoverv'n 'nrents- MonBrlna:adecrs,on Jndlv'is w4. SK Bull l612r:lll-120 Richardson.L. Clark,T. w. Forest'S c & CmPbell TM blacl-f@tedfeftts 'Mlir?/4 'ienP?' Jr E. \. lo8T HuntrnCthe musk deer bv thetellow_ Ul. lo8?. WinFr ecologyof Marvbhxin, wrqnin8. A; Mdl NaI llltZt:225-234 throaredm;en rnthe S'khoe Ahn Vountains.Aul/'{to* O_udhPrr Mecr.ebe. Aio!..92(5):28_42. In Rusid Prir. Otd Sadvkhov.L A. & FaBlieY G. G. l98T Ecologicarchanctnstcs complexof the badgerin fi€ lese' md grtater Mead.R. A & Nei.inckr' S. 1989 Hormonalinduction of GsEus of the hctniinth-faunisdc a;ucasuswirhin tle Aarbaii; sSRsd pafi*avsofrrstomltion /:! *a pr"g""niy i" "noe.t rst rcrs lMustelo puto.iusJuo) J ReProd' alnd. Nau^A2. SSR Ser. Bol trall012180_861oRustie'

P.&Lups,P Io88 'Theimpodeceors$ps a\ ioodror Mead.R. A.. tosPh. M M Netrinckx.S l9ES OpdEal dG of schmd. Mele:nel.r L i. Brar' Zol. 8?tf JsrI t:4?_l' ln Cemcn lu.-Joaoni" eon"a6tropinfor inducingovutadon in the feret Zad bads.6 su'm. Biol.- 71263-261. English I 467 Sexu.l.[molPhbm and Seognph(al vdar 'on R. M., Joseph.M. M Neinnctx'S. & Beria. M' l9E8 Shtts Helin. Mead. nzeot thc w.6el tUurtetasthrr at' A\tJ t hen't Partialchmcenzarion oi a lur€alfaclor tha! inducesimpldtadon tn th€ in th€body 'ellov 7(2)92'95.In ChineseEnglish summ' ferrc!.Atol- ieProd., 38:79E_803 si'., (Mek-s skim€r, C. A. & Skinner.P. J- 1988.Food or badge's Miuer. B. L & Atderson S H l9S9 FailuE of fenilizltion if, an anble !rca of E ss.x J . Z@l I Londot) 21512):3@'362 follo*ins abbr€viaEdcopulari,oninthe fercr(M6Iela pubriutfuro, J ' ael6) E p. zool.. 249(l)185-89 SkEde. A. & Nes. I F 1988.Slaughtelhou* bv'p'oducrs pLa,.arln re;enuuon d reediormrnr sd B. J..Menkens. G E. & Ande6onS H l9E6 A iteld "**iJii tzroa"attus Miuer. Fe.d.S.i Te.rtul l0lar::87- 289 r',t'iaioJiitor otact-foadteftE. U S For'S.n.Gan TechReP' io\es. Adt;al RM-154:9E-102. Smal.C M 1988.Thc Amdicm minkMdreL vrrdnin l€lmd' Ree.,18(4).20 |'20a. Mille.. B. J.,Ande6on S H.. Doncalos,M w &Thome E T' MMnal or ,h" -o-8.cd blet'-foor'd-ferd and the role oi toss. si;iogy & AII€'. D 6. |aEEEtle($ oimeldbolicblockade p;6!*- ' * dvda$on can t zoot .6o:16s'113 Sfluth.G.L. ;;'. .n dmcUutar calcrumconcenmuon in r$lated fere( ,entnculr Rcr..62(6):1223'1236. [email protected]. D- R. & Kowalchlk. N. E. l9EE.Auditory bninstemof the musclc.Circ. c@hlenrlesions on co.hl@ucFus votlme f€rc. effectsof unilaEral erat. 1987. The behaviou. of motherod babvsables prcjecrionsto tt'e ;nrerior couiculus-J. C'uP lv'/rol 272(4):501- sonrh.J.'H. oa tn c;s.. Chin.I Zoot. 22{5):26-28.In Chine$ 515. rcafld N-c. & Stcen,H. 19E7.Dvnamics of smallpopulauons Moretuj,S Rodriguez.A & DelibesM 1988Sumnerfoodsof Slen*th. . lefeEncero .*olverines. md solves in NoNd\: J pine manen 'arkr) in Malorct and Minorca Baleanc *irh :p€cral rhe lMad srudy.Vil.rPprd. 45:l _51 r:r^;ds. Modnolia 52(!:249'29\ ' rhcoRi(al P J. DunsrooeN &wodle\'A J la88 D. w. FoNb€rg.J- & Gienico G R- l96E An Skohcnlon.R.. Butler, Nagosen. md erchanee'n lKl) dirtng Amen'rn m'nt ttlv'ld or canine ndiosnphs fo. *xins md !-sing Pacific coasi HeM 6re BA evlluation" ,son). i.Etp Btol. l)4:435442 manens.WiL{ Sd..B/1/, 16(4):421426 I 1988 (Homerange utilizarion bv Pinemdens ) Z Neal. E. 198E.The stomachcontenrs of badge$ Mdlesd/er' J Storch, 3{2): l 15_ll9.In Gemo. Zoot (LDtulon ) 215(2):367-369 JdSdvtsl., A-. Mahmood.K. H-.Stanford. J L & PntchardD-G Oakleaf.B. 1988.whv theMeeteet* fereis hadto comein Wv' Suan.F l98E DeveloDnenroi diagno{icRsr\ for' and laccinafionxgJini' wildl . 5l(3):28'13. rub.rculons,;badEeF VaaddlRer" lEr l':'4-?5 \b{rr(t onh Prunovich-R. & FoEestS C l9E? Acrivilvof a wild bl'ck' Sun.lovist.C. Amador'A. C & B.nke. A- 1989RePrcduction t@redfefter Inter. Prdtr? Ndr..I9(3):159-162. -o tt"liirv ii. tlti.in* t,tlrn ela ison ) J. R'Prod Fert E5\2):14tJ'14| Plvlinor.l. Y & Rossolimo.O L l98T Svstematicsoffte TaiLA. R..Du Boulav.M &Knight.P R- 1988Altenrionsinlhe manhals of USSR. Sr' Tt Zoot tulu: Mosk Univ ' 25:l2a4 I1 coune of and histopaftologic €sponse to influenTaYirus intlctions prJucea Uv onuzine, tratothan€.diethvl ethe' anesthesi!in reft$' 61 l'676- Pteozzi.C. Ia8E. D,et ot rheEuDpe$ bad8erMal'r d'l?r I in rhe Anesth. Anal c., 17):67 Mmtm; NlluBI P.*, cen'ratkalv. iaaza' R?v l8t lrTl-74 Tdq,Y. P.& Sbk.C.L l9E8.differendal ethcts oi resioslerone- tosr"-n" -o ".trddiol' I 7$ on plasmaconcent'dtion of Ln Piqozzi,G. 1988.The caP$e dd iDmobilizationof |heEuropean :'aihv&otE var' in c!;tn€d feftrs. L €,1d.ri",1 . I 17{3):46I _'166 baaeer.frel"'.ere,' L'.'n'r: ncrudlent ronmenr' rtrr sn' /'al ML; cN. Stor Nat M ano t2\tt56'70 Thome.E. T. & Williams E S l9E8 Disedsemd endogered lhe bl4k-fooredfeftt d a rccentexanPle C'"r'^ atd1' Powers.B.8., Larue S M. Wi(hro* S J Sftaw R C & sp€cies: 2\1):6-74. Rrchter.5.L. IoEE. Jan.hid i needlebiopsv rordragnonsof boneleton: in'mllurmah. t.raa v?r vd arrtr lajr2,:205_210 Thomron,P.5. la8SDen'rlvdddi\mbutionor bdgeF in'outh_ we{ E;ghnd.A m@r' VdnudrAe' 18'l' I | 23 PulliaiDen,E 1988-Ecologv sratus hd nlna-gemenloi the Pteoicr're Fidish wolvenneGlla srlD PoPuiations.arra.ll(l):21-28'

t5 Timmcrmans,G. l9EE. (First rccord of the pift m.n€n Mdncr Sbner,J. W..Shaddock, J.H., waGu4ejer& Ber.G. M. Mr&r *€sr of Amstcrdan. The Nethcrleds.) lllrd 3l ( I ):91. Oral adminisration of e atEnoatedsEain oi cmine adenovirus(t to l@@ns. foxes,skunt, ud moneoose.-42./. /. v.r. f ?t , 49(2): l69i Trap.zov, O. V. 19E7.Sel€ded n-rsfmarion of d.f.f,sivc t71. c&dons lo man in th€ Am.ricm mink lM6rela viror Sctftb.). So' G.Bt. lEt\El. tr$atr,stGenetika) 2l(6):78I-786. Urlguchi. K., Sailoh,T., Kondo,N- & Abe, H. 1987.Food habii! Viverridae ofdle feral ninr (,',4/rr€laqior Schrcbcr)in Hokkaido.J.,,4@ru1. Sdc. tpn t2l1-4.5'7 -67. Al-Khalili. A. D. 1988.Posr-enbryonic dcv€lophent oftbe Indid g.y mon96e, H erpeste t edwdrdrrl.rBsin.ru(G€offroy. l8l8) onfte Voronov, G. A- 1962.Ac.ltatri.ation of MIs on Sakhulin B.lninlslandt. AJr. SMII MMn- Ne/l.ll., t0:2t-22. ann h. Kiail Isldnds.R.stbs drdprorpaf. Nauk4 Mo6cow, 133 PP. AInr, Z. S., Woodbury,S. C. & Disi, A M. 1967.On a coll€crion of manmals from Jordrn. Diratat r44rz)113r-t36. wcb€r. D. 1988.(Dtut rbutior ofwLc ts(Mustelo putoriBL.iin Sei$.rland.) Ra. SatJseZool., 95(4):1041-1056.In Gc.man, Enslish Bater, c. M. 1988. Scent marting behaviou in caPtive*aler war€rmongooscs /, tld p4tu.linosw). Z SAagetierk.,53t 358-364

w.b.r. D. 1989.Thc sological significanc€of rcsting snesand Bakd, C. M. 1988.Vealizalions of caPtwewat€r dongoos€s, th. s€asonalhrbidtlr choges iA Wbczts (Mustela pnoius). J. Zool.. Atilar paludinosus.Z. Sdueeti.rk., 53(2).83-91. 217(4):629-638. Bakcr,C. M. 1989.Feding habiis of rhewater mongoos€ l,4rild Wiig, O. 1969.Cdnion.tric v.nauon in Nosegian wolve.ines poluditusE ). Z. SAtg.t ie*., 54.31 -39. Gulo suto L. zoot. J. Linn. Soc.,95(1):tTt-2o4. Bar€. N.,Gdis,G.I., BorEl,G. & Camus,E. l9EE Host!and rvilliams,E. s., Thorne,E. T.. Appel,M. J.G. & Belits&y,D w muladon dvnarnicsof Aabl\onM ldriepattn \AcuLl\odidaet on 1988.Canirc distcnp€r in black-footcdf€rcls 0rlsrela 4rSrrper)from iltjadeloupe.French wesr lndes.J v.d. Enrcwt. Zst2ttItbtt5 Wy@ing. J. wiL1l. D is., 2413)t345-39E. Cobl.ntz.B. E. & Va Vwn, D. 1988.Chugca in tidneym4s Wolfel. H. & Schncid.r. E. 1988.(Studi€s of s.t building ir th€ hdim mongGe (fl?.pAr.r aurcPurctatus) l Manwl. behaviolrof badg4 (MeLs nebt))- Z. JaSdwist..34(1):47-49. ln 69(3):61.r-618. C.rman, English and Frcnchsulm. D€smet,K. & Hamdine.w- 19E6.D€nsids d€ genencs(6?ralra Yald€n, D. w. & Hos€y,G. R. (eds.) 1988.Proceedinss of a seiendLiroa. 1758)enyeusenieatserenn. Mannatia 52(4,fi6l symposiumon rhebadg€r Mel6 hel€r Unive6ity of Southamptof,,28 Jme 1986.MaMlR.v., l8(l):l'75. Enunh,L. U.. Ocholi.R. A.. Adeniyi,K. O- & Ekwonu.M. C. 1988.Rabi.s in a civet /Cit?nrtr alend) in thcJos Z@, Nigena.Ar' Zheng Shdgwi, Li Guihu, SonS Shiying. He Yiping & Ma Vet. ! -, 14,4(5):5t5-5 16. Zh@yun. 1988. Study of ecology of sand tqdEr- A.td fte'iol. Sir', 8(l):65'72.In Chines€. Enu8n,L- U.. Ad€niyi,K. o., oc;o[, R-A , SP€ncer.T. H. I & Bcduns.JD. lq88.Kkbq?//op&raa,,a.$dceseof pneumoniadd ZeliNlj. w. J. 1988.The inflGnce ol d,ailyvadalion in Epnc;nm 'n a civ.r kinen C//.tr.nr .ivel4,In theJG Ze. Nrgena- for.ginSc6ton dleactiviry ofsmdl cmivoEs.ArM. aetuv., 36(I ):239- J. w i ldl. D i t., 2413\:5E5-586. 249. Gmr, D. ,. S. A. 1988-Confimation of theecuEnce of the dsh mong@seAdld pdfudnorrr ilt the Luugwa valley. Zmbia qla.k lzchwe 9:3132. Mustelidae& Viverridae Hoppe-Dominik,Bemd- 19E9.Ptnie. cccnsment ds 8rd.ls An*u. w. F. H. & Dowsetr,R. l. 1988.Mdtutuls ol Malawi. Ar nmnifefusdus leParc Narionalde la Manhou.:enCoIe_d IvonE.R4. Notaed ch.ck list and atlas.Th€ TrcndrinePrc$. z€nnor, 170pp. zoot. Afr., ro]lt)t2t-z1 .

Colyn, M. & vd Ronpaey, H. 1989.Rcvi.w of th€ aontal s'nus PatomarEs,F. & D€lib€s. M. 1988.Time and spaccuse by two palasies of Mustclida€ and Viveridae, snh n.w data from tropictl comon genetslc€n?tra Serenal in theDonma NationalPart, SPain."r' Afii.^- Rer.Zool. Afr., t03lr):5-m. Ma Ma t., 69(3): 635' 637.

Colyn,M..Dudu.A. & Mokoto m Mb&lele.M. 1988.Donn&s Rood,J. P 198E.what ev€rhaPFncd lo ih€ C P&k Sistets?Nor' "pclit sur l'exploiBrion du et doyd 8ibi.r" dcs f6crs ombrophilesdu Hist.,9l<2)t4O41. Zaire. l.Consommaiion qualitative dans le milieu rural. 2. CornmcEialisationdu gibi€renmilicu urbain:le casde Kisangani.Symp. Taylor.M. E. 19E8.Foot structurc 4dphylogsy iDth€ vivenidiae Ift C6t "G€stion d€ la faunc cn Afriquc suFsahariennc".Hal@, lcsi,lom| J. Zoot.l Lodot) 216(l ):l3l - 119. Zirnbabwc,6l2Oct. 1987,pp. ll0-145. Tnvedi. K. K. & Gupt4 S. P. 1987.Nemtod. Pamritesof Cm Yaotirg.r al. 19E7.F4!M Sitico. Mahnalio. Vol. E: vercbrner. 5. A ne* spirurid. Spnoaercd lklobiat. new sFcies Carzrrara. scicn@ PEss, B€ijing, 377 pp. rSpiruidaeOerley. I885, frcm a mons@'c.H?''?ir.r tr'.o/6Bemer. ftom Udtupur.Raj6dd. Inda.Pak. J Zool.. lo,2):14?_152. Gitdehan, J. (ed.) 1989.Carrirore b.h@iour, e.otog! dn t .tolrtioi. Ch^pn[ &. H^ll. 624 W. vo Rompacy.H. l9EE.Orr, nictis Piscirora MMnal. Speci.s 309:l-4. SchEib.r. A.. winh, R.. Riff€l, M. & VM Rompaey.H. 1989. Weatels,cieels, Nnsooses, anl het rctatires. An action pla, Jol the Van Valkenbu.gh,B. 1988.lncideDce of looth brcakageaInone coltenotion of nNeIA and vivrztdt. ruCN. Gland l0O f'9. l{e.. predaioryJ:tmhals. Aner. Nat., 131(2J:291-302

SNtuan.C. & T. ]l9A8.Fi.ld sLid. to th. nMwls of southern Itica. St 'rik, CtPe Towt, 272 pp.

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