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Os Nomes Galegos Dos Carnívoros 2019 2ª Ed

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Os Nomes Galegos Dos Carnívoros 2019 2ª Ed Os nomes galegos dos carnívoros 2019 2ª ed. Citación recomendada / Recommended citation: A Chave (20192): Os nomes galegos dos carnívoros. Xinzo de Limia (Ourense): A Chave. https://www.achave.ga"/wp#content/up"oads/achave_osnomes!a"egosdos$carnivoros$2019.pd% Fotografía: lince euroasiático (Lynx lynx ). Autor: Jordi Bas. &sta o'ra est( su)eita a unha licenza Creative Commons de uso a'erto* con reco+ecemento da autor,a e sen o'ra derivada nin usos comerciais. -esumo da licenza: https://creativecommons.or!/"icences/'.#n #nd//.0/deed.!". Licenza comp"eta: https://creativecommons.or!/"icences/'.#n #nd//.0/"e!a"code0"an!ua!es. 1 Notas introdutorias O que cont n este documento Neste documento fornécense denominacións galegas para diferentes especies de mamíferos carnívoros. Primeira edición (2018): En total! ac"éganse nomes para 2#$ especies! %&ue son practicamente todos os carnívoros &ue "ai no mundo! salvante os nomes das focas% e $0 subespecies. Os nomes galegos das focas expóñense noutro recurso léxico da +"ave dedicado só aos nomes das focas! manatís e dugongos. ,egunda edición (201-): +orríxese algunha gralla! reescrí'ense as notas introdutorias e incorpórase o logo da +"ave ao deseño do documento. A estrutura En primeiro lugar preséntase a clasificación taxonómica das familias de mamíferos carnívoros! onde se apunta! de maneira xeral! os nomes dos carnívoros &ue "ai en cada familia. seguir vén o corpo do documento! unha listaxe onde se indica! especie por especie, alén do nome científico! os nomes galegos e ingleses dos diferentes mamíferos carnívoros (nalgún caso! tamén, o nome xenérico para un grupo deles ou o nome particular dalgunhas subespecies). Nesta listaxe específica! dest0canse con fondo azul claro as especies galegas. .o final anótanse as referencias 'ibliogr0ficas &ue foron utilizadas para a ela'oración do presente documento. Nalgunhas desas referencias recóllense ou propóñense nomes galegos para os mamíferos carnívoros! &uer xenéricos &uer específicos. Outras referencias ac"egan nomes para estes mamíferos noutras linguas! &ue tamén foron tidos en conta. .lén diso! inclúense algunhas referencias '0sicas a respecto da metodoloxía e dos criterios terminolóxicos empregados. 2 !ratamento terminolóxico 2ra'allouse nas seguintes liñas e cos seguintes criterios: Procurouse en primeiro lugar nos nomes vernáculos galegos. Existen no léxico galego nomes para mamíferos carnívoros propios do país! como por exemplo lontra (ou londra)! marta (ou martaraña)! teixugo (ou porco teixo)! raposo! lo'o! armi*o! fuíña! doniña (ou donicela! entre outros)! gato 'ravo etc.! e tamén nomes para algúns carnívoros exóticos popularmente coñecidos! como "iena (ou "ena)! león! leopardo! tigre! c"acal! coiote! pantera etc. En segundo lugar pescudouse na lusofonía! seguíndomos o criterio recollido nas Normas ortográficas e morfolóxicas do idioma galego (R.4 e 564) do ano 200$: 7Para o arrequecemento do léxico culto! nomeadamente no referido aos 0m'itos científico e técnico! o portugués ser0 considerado recurso fundamental! sempre &ue esta adopción non for contraria 0s características estruturais do galego”. 9este xeito incorpor0ronse ou adapt0ronse algunhas denominacións para especies &ue non "a'itan en 4aliza! como por exemplo sacarra'os para Herpestes ichneumon! presente en Portugal! e particularmente o nome de especies americanas! coñecidas no :rasil! como lo'o guar0 para Chrysocyon brachyurus! gato palleiro ou gato da pampa para Leopardus pajeros! cac"orro vinagre ou can vinagre para Speothos venaticus! cac"orro do mato para Cerdocyon thous etc. 3ecorreuse así mesmo a nomes vernáculos indíxenas! e, do mesmo modo &ue se ten feito outras linguas para estas especies de carnívoros! incorpor0ronse nomes como cusimanse (termo orixinario da ;frica occidental! aínda &ue se descoñece exactamente a lingua)! fosa (do malgaxe, adoptado e adaptado en practicamente todos os idiomas) ou xaritataca! cangam'0! guaraxaín etc. (estes tomados do tupí<guaraní! incorporados 0 lingua portuguesa a partir do 'rasileiro). Para especies relativamente coñecidas! cando menos nos 0m'itos divulgativos! aplic0ronse os mesmos nomes &ue, coincidentes! teñen en diversos idiomas. 9enominacións como por exemplo raposo de orellas curtas para Atelocynus microtis! lo'o etíope para Canis simensis! c"acal de lom'o negro para Canis mesomelas! ligre para o "í'rido entre león e tigre etc.! &ue noutros idiomas teñen estes mesmos nomes ou modificadores. Por outro lado! os nomes dalgunhas especies proceden dos nomes científicos! en latín! de modo paralelo 0s denominacións deses carnívoros noutras linguas. .sí! nomes como suricata para Suricata suricata! euplerio para as especies do xénero Eupleres (familia Euplerídeos)! otoción para Otocyon megalotis! licaón para Lycaon pictus! caracal para Caracal caracal etc.! algúns deles xa propostos ou utilizados para o galego en medios de divulgación. Nalgún caso tamén se recorreu 0 ampliación sem0ntica! un recurso terminolóxico &ue consiste en empregar unha pala'ra xa existente na lingua cun significado para denominar unha nova realidade (ou realidade xa existente, pero &ue nunca tivo denominación até o de agora) &ue ten outro significado ou matiz. É o caso de por&uello! voz patrimonial galega! sinónimo pouco usado de teixugo ("eles meles )! 'en acaída para designarmos as especies do xénero Arctonyx! moi semellantes ao teixugo e da súa mesma familia! &ue en castel0n reciben o nome de tejones porcinos e en inglés hog badgers. 3 #áis dun nome para unha es$ecie .lgunhas das especies deste grupo faunístico teñen varias denominacións! 'en por ser a lingua galega particularmente rica no &ue atinxe aos nomes dalgúns carnívoros autóctonos! 'en por seren nomes usados como sinónimos para ese carnívoro en case todas as linguas e adopt0rense e us0rense en galego de modo semellante. .sí! por exemplo! os nomes doniña! donicela! donosiña! denociña! donirla! dona das paredes! saltaparedes! garridiña ou cazoleira para "ustela nivalis! neste caso unha especie autóctona> ou os nomes can cantor! can cantor da Nova 4uinea! dingo da Nova 4uinea ou can de ?allstrom para Canis hallstromi! neste caso unha especie exótica. 2odos os nomes &ue aparecen no documento son considerados correctos! porén, recoméndase o primeiro como preferente. O seguinte –ou seguintes– aparecen marcados coa a'reviatura sin.! &ue indica &ue son sinónimos do primeiro! &ue sería o principal! de acordo cos criterios da +"ave. Nos exemplos dados! os preferentes serían doniña e can cantor! repectivamente, aínda &ue cal&uera deles é v0lido e dependería do contexto e do criterio de cada persoa usar un ou outro nome, ou facer referencia a m0is dun deles. O mesmo nome para varias es$ecies : rabisaco En galego! do mesmo modo &ue acontece en todas as linguas do mundo! un mesmo nome é empregado para designar varias especies de animais &ue son parecidas. +anto aos carnívoros! un exemplo sería o vernáculo ra'isaco! &ue se usa como nome para #enetta genetta e tamén para "ustela putorius . Neste caso! ademais de ra'isaco! existen outros nomes galegos para am'as as especies. 2anto para unha como para a outra! . +"ave recomenda como nome galego principal outro diferente de ra'isaco : xeneta ou xeneta común como denominación preferente para #enetta genetta! e tourón como preferente para "ustela putorius. 3a'isaco preséntase como denominación secundaria sinónima de am'os os dous. 4 A familia #e$hitidae : mofetas (ou doni)as f tidas*+ teixugos f tidos+ xaritatacas e cangam'ás No &ue atinxe aos mamíferos da familia @ep"itidae (@efitídeos)! novamente non existen nomes para as especies deste grupo faunístico na tradición lexicogr0fica galega. 2r0tase dunha familia de pequenos carnívoros! todos eles americanos! &ue en castel0n reciben os nomes xenéricos de mofetas! zorrillos! chingues e tejones fétidos e en portugués cangam'0s! doninhas fétidas ou fedorentas! Aaritatacas e texugos fedorentos! segundo os diferentes xéneros científicos. denominación mofeta! presente nalgún léxico galego a partir do ano 1-85, non tivo consideración na tendencia reintegracionista da lingua! pro'a'elmente por se ter incorporado ao galego pola influencia do castel0n. No entanto! por seren algunhas especies mefitídeas moi populares! concretamente as do xénero "ephitis! mofeta é unha pala'ra a'ondo coñecida e usada polas persoas &ue falan galego! e est0 presente na maioría dos dicionarios galegos contempor0neos. Neste contexto! na +"ave ordenou de usar a denominación mofeta <pala'ra de orixe italiana (moffetta )! tamén adoptada polo catal0n (mofeta ) e o francés (moufette )< para as dúas especies m0is coñecidas desta familia. .o mesmo tempo! recorreuse ao portugués para fornecer nomes inexistentes en galego para as especies desta familia! como tamén prescriben as normas morfolóxicas e ortogr0ficas do galego do ano 200$. 9este xeito! segundo o xénero científico das diversas especies! . +"ave recomenda para o galego: .< mofetas ou doniñas fétidas! como sinónimos! para as dúas especies do xénero "ephitis . En castel0n reciben o nome de mofetas e zorrillos > en portugués! os nomes cangam'0s! doninhas fedorentas ou doninhas fétidas. .< teixugos fétidos para as dúas especies do xénero "ydaus . En castel0n reciben o nome de tejones mofeta > en portugués! texugos fedorentos. .< xaritatacas para as catro especies do xénero Conepatus! &ue en castel0n reciben os nomes de zorrillos ou chingues > e cangam'0s para as catro especies do xénero Spilogale! &ue en castel0n reciben os nomes de mofetas moteadas ou zorrillos moteados. .m'as as denominacións! xaritataca
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