18Th-Century North America

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18th-Century North America

William Reese Company 409 Temple Street New Haven, CT 06511 (203) 789-8081 A Note This catalogue is made up of material relating to 18th-century North America. None of the items included have appeared in earlier catalogues. There is a strong representation of cartography, including maps and atlases by Des Barres, Jefferys, Faden, and others; manuscripts, including those of John Trumbull, Benjamin Franklin, and many important Revolutionary figures; and illustrated material, including rare political cartoons. Notable books include the first edition of The Federalist (the Thomas W. Streeter copy), and there are many important Revolutionary pamphlets and broadsides. There are also earlier classics such as Joutel, Charlevoix, Byfield, Hennepin, and Mather. Our next catalogue will focus on the American Midwest, “The Big Middle.”

Available on request or via our website are our recent catalogues 297 Recent Acquisi- tions in Americana, 299 Western Americana, 300 One Hundred Rare Americanum, and 301 Travels & Voyages, as well as bulletins 27 Images of Native Americans, 28 The Civil War, 29 Photographica, 30 Manuscripts, and many more topical lists.

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Terms Material herein is offered subject to prior sale. All items are as described and are considered to be on approval. Notice of return must be given within ten days unless specific arrangements are made. Connecticut residents must be billed state sales tax. Postage and insurance charges are billed to all nonprepaid domestic orders. Overseas orders are sent by air unless otherwise requested, with full postage charges billed at our discretion. Payment by check, wire transfer or bank draft is preferred, but may also be made by MasterCard or Visa.

William Reese Company Phone: (203) 789-8081 409 Temple Street Fax: (203) 865-7653 New Haven, CT 06511 E-mail: [email protected] www.williamreesecompany.com

Front cover: 77. Hamilton, Alexander; et al: The Federalist.... New York. 1788.

Rear cover: 157. [Treaties of Paris, 1783]: Peace with America.... [London. Jan. 24, 1783]. Critical Collection of State Papers Published by John Adams

1. [Adams, John]: A COLLECTION OF STATE-PAPERS, RELATIVE TO THE FIRST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF THE SOVER- EIGNTY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.... The Hague. 1782. 96pp. Antique three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt, leather label. Very minor foxing. Very good.

An important collection of official papers relating to the official recognition by the Dutch of American Independence. The different States of Holland were all called upon to individually affirm their support for a Dutch treaty with the United States, and almost all of the papers express a desire on behalf of the provinces to ratify a treaty. The Dutch had by this time joined in the general war against the British on the French, Spanish, and American side. Published while Adams was still in Amsterdam as the American representative, its appearance speaks to Adams’ constant effort to speed foreign recognition of the United States in light of British attempts to broker a peace agreement without recognizing outright independence. Scarce. SABIN 228. OCLC 6575079, 27742486. BRINLEY SALE 3931 (ref ). HOWES C581. $4500.

2. Adams, John: A DEFENCE OF THE CONSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, AGAINST THE ATTACK ON M. TURGOT IN HIS LETTER TO DR. PRICE.... London: John Stockdale, 1794. Three volumes. 8,xxxii,3-392; [2],451,[1]; [2],528,[36]pp. Portrait in first volume. Contemporary tree calf. Minor scattered foxing, but generally quite clean and fresh internally. Very good.

The definitive final edition, after its first appearance in London in 1787. One of the most important and widely read of the many writings of the important Revo- lutionary figure and second president of the United States. The second and third volumes, originally issued later than the first, contain descriptions of the Italian republics of the Middle Ages as well as a lengthy analysis of “the Right Constitution of a Commonwealth.” At the time Adams wrote this work he was serving as the first United States ambassador in England, an uncomfortable position for a recent rebel, but he was ever ready to argue the American point of view. Here he forcibly states the principles on which he perceived the United States to be founded. The book was popular and went through numerous editions. Its issuance as the Federal Constitutional Convention was assembling added to its popularity and resulted in several American reprintings, and according to the DAB, “its timeliness gave it vogue.” Later Adams’ detractors sought to find in it a hidden desire for a monar- chy. This edition is sometimes known under its half title, History of the Principal Republics in the World. HOWES A60, “aa.” SABIN 233. DAB I, p.76. $6000. 3. [Adams, Samuel]: AN APPEAL TO THE WORLD; OR A VINDI- CATION OF THE TOWN OF BOSTON, FROM MANY FALSE AND MALICIOUS ASPERSIONS CONTAINED IN CERTAIN LETTERS AND MEMORIALS, WRITTEN BY GOVERNOR BERNARD, GENERAL GAGE, COMMODORE HOOD, THE COMMISSIONERS OF THE AMERICAN BOARD OF CUS- TOMS, AND OTHERS, AND BY THEM RESPECTIVELY TRANSMITTED TO THE BRITISH MINISTRY. PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE TOWN. Boston, Printed; London, Reprinted: J. Almon, 1770. [2],58pp. 20th-century black three-quarter morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Top third of spine lacking, extremities worn. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Minor soiling. Good plus.

Second British edition, following the first American and British editions of the previous year. “A defense of Boston’s reputation against Governor Bernard’s accounts to the ministry of ill-behaviour by the British patriots. Governor Bernard’s correspondence with London had recently been published in Boston by William Bollans. Adams turned the correspondence to good political account, but some of the plain facts it revealed put the Americans in a bad light and necessitated this defense, one of Adams’ important pamphlets in the series of events that culminated the next year in the Boston Massacre” – Streeter. Sometimes attributed to Wil- liam Cooper. HOWES A71. SABIN 6478. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 62d. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 69-7d. STREETER SALE 701 (ref ). $1500.

4. [Alien and Sedition Acts]: REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE TO WHOM WERE REFERRED, ON THE 12th INSTANT, CER- TAIN MEMORIALS & PETITIONS COMPLAINING OF THE ACT, INTITULED “AN ACT CONCERNING ALIENS,” AND OF OTHER LATE ACTS OF THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES. [Philadelphia: William Ross], 1799. 15pp. Gathered signatures, stitched. Some light stains. Very good, untrimmed and unopened.

The report of a House committee charged with receiving numerous public petitions against the Alien and Sedition Acts. The committee defends the controversial acts, claiming them to be an essential component of national security. The committee essentially held that while the press could not be restricted in what it could publish, it could be punished after the fact. The attribution to Ross as the printer is made by Evans. Rare. OCLC locates only four copies, though Evans locates ten. EVANS 36581. SABIN 69843. NAIP w021913. OCLC 7035617. $850. General Gage Retires from Boston, and the Loyalists Bid Him Farewell

5. [American Revolution]: [Gage, Thomas]: AN ADDRESS OF THE GENTLEMEN AND PRINCIPAL INHABITANTS OF THE TOWN OF BOSTON, TO HIS EXCELLENCY GOVERNOR GAGE [caption title]. [Boston]. Oct. 6, 1775. [2]pp. bifolium on a large folded sheet. Text in double columns on both pages. Tanned, old folds. Dock- eted on verso, with some inked names. Small closed tear in upper portion of second page, with no loss of text; small hole in lower blank margin of first page. Small separations at cross-folds and folds, neatly repaired with tissue, affecting six letters of text, but not readability. Still very good. In a folding cloth case, gilt leather label.

This important broadsheet was issued at the time of the retirement of General Thomas Gage as the British commander-in-chief in the American colonies, a position he had held with only slight interruption from the end of the French and Indian War in 1763 until the events of 1775 called him to be removed. It consists of addresses to him by Loyalist Americans, many of whom had come to know Gage well over the years, and who could only see great difficulties for themselves in his departure. Gage had been generally well-liked in the early years of his appointment, but as tensions escalated in the wake of the Boston Tea Party in December 1773 and the punitive Boston Port Bill and establishment of martial law the following spring, he was quickly out of his depth. He was naturally a focus of patriot anger, and compounded this with a series of ill-considered decisions, leading to Lexington and Concord, and the debacle of Bunker Hill on June 17, 1775. He was strongly criticized in England, and resigned on October 6, sailing for England on the 10th, when he was replaced by Sir Richard Howe. After Lexington and Concord the Loyalists from both countryside and city had become virtual prisoners with the British Army in Boston, facing an increasingly bleak prospect. In this broadsheet three groups address thanks to Gage and sign their names in type; a virtual who’s who of Loyalists in Massachusetts. The first group, from “the Gentlemen and Principal Inhabitants,” is signed by ninety-eight inhabitants, including names such as Brattle, Amory, Faneuil, Winslow, and many others. The second group, from “His Majesty’s Council,” is not signed, although perhaps all of these were in the first list. The third group, from “Gentlemen who were driven from their habitations in the country,” is signed by seventy-six citizens. To each of these Gage has replied with evidently heartfelt thanks for their support. The Loyalists were right to regret Gage’s departure. With Boston tightly besieged, and not offering a good base for military operations throughout the colonies in any case, Howe abandoned Boston on March 17, 1776, taking many of the signers of this document with him. While some returned after the war, many never saw America again. An important and rare broadsheet, marking an important moment in the rising American Revolution. Only two other copies are known, at the Massachusetts Historical Society and the Public Records Office in London. NAIP w000865. BRISTOL B3931. SHIPTON & MOONEY 42775. FORD, MASSA- CHUSETTS BROADSIDES 1784. $17,500.

The Printer of the Declaration Prints the Latest News from London in the Spring of 1775

6. [American Revolution]: THE ADDRESS OF THE LORDS AND COMMONS TO HIS MAJESTY, ON THE PRESENT STATE OF AMERICA, &c. [caption title]. [Philadelphia]: John Dunlap, [April 1775]. Broadside, 10½ x 7¾ inches. Printed in two columns. Minor foxing. Very good. In a half morocco box.

This broadside prints extracts from the London Gazette of February 11, 1775, including the address from Parliament to King George III, in which Parliament finds that the province of Massachusetts Bay is in outright rebellion against the Crown and makes provision for the immediate dispatch of soldiers to the colonies to quell the rebellion. The text reads, in part:

...we find that a part of your Majesty’s subjects, in the province of Massachusetts Bay, have proceeded so far to resist the authority of the Supreme Legislature, that a rebellion at this time actually exists within the said province; and we see with the utmost concern, that they have been countenanced and encouraged by unlawful combinations and engagements, entered into by your Majesty’s subjects in several other colonies, to the injury and oppression of many of their innocent fellow subjects, resident within the kingdom of Great Britain, and the rest of your Majesty’s domains. This conduct, on their part, appears to us the more inexcusable, when we consider with how much temper your Majesty and the two Houses of Parliament, have acted in support of the laws and constitution of Great-Britain. We can never so far desert the trust reposed in us, as to relinquish any part of the sovereign authority over all your Majesty’s dominions....And the conduct of many persons in several of the colonies, during the late disturbances, is alone sufficient to convince us how necessary this power is for the protection of the lives and fortunes of all your Majesty’s subjects.

The address continues, stating that Parliament is always willing to address real grievances by British subjects, but cannot support the flouting of authority, and asks that the King do all in his power to “enforce due obedience to the laws and authority” of the country. Further advices in the second column of text lay out the Parliamentary events leading up to this decision, and note that generals Howe and Clinton are preparing to leave for America. Reinforcements are called for in Boston, and “Orders are given for all the ships which are destined for America and Newfoundland, to take on board their full complement of seamen and soldiers immediately.” As one of the leading printers in Philadelphia, John Dunlap produced numerous pieces both for the Continental Congress and the state of Pennsylvania, whose capital was then Philadelphia. He is one of the most prominent figures in printed material from the Revolution. He is most noted for being the printer of the first broadside printing of the Declaration of Independence. An important broadside, printing news of the beginning of the Revolutionary War. Given the time it took to cross the Atlantic, this was probably printed in April 1775. Only four copies are recorded by ESTC, at the American Antiquarian Society, New-York Historical Society, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and the Library Company of Philadelphia. NAIP adds a copy at the Library of Congress. ESTC W6492. NAIP w006492. EVANS 14075. HILDEBURN 3150. $12,500. With the Map of Battle Lines in Boston, August 1775

7. [American Revolution]: [Boston Map]: THE PENNSYLVANIA MAG- AZINE: OR, AMERICAN MONTHLY MUSEUM. FOR MARCH [& AUGUST] 1775. Philadelphia: R. Aitken, 1775. Two issues. [103]-144; [339]-388pp. Folding plan in August issue. Dbd. Light to moderate soiling and wear. Light foxing and toning. Folding plan separating at folds. About good.

Two issues of The Pennsylvania Magazine, the only magazine issued in the American colonies for most of the crucial years of 1775 and 1776 (the only other one being The Royal American Magazine, which ceased publication in March 1775). Most importantly, The Pennsylvania Magazine was edited from February 1775 until May 1776 (all but the first and the last two numbers) by the famous radical, Thomas Paine. The August 1775 issue contains an important folding plate titled “Exact Plan of General Gage’s Lines on Boston Neck, in America.” It includes a reference key on the facing page, indicating various sizes of cannon. The Siege of Boston began in April 1775, right at the opening of the war, and lasted nearly a year. $2500. A Member of the First Continental Congress, On the Road to Loyalist

8. [American Revolution]: TO MR. ISAAC LOW VERITAS PRESENTS HIS COMPLIMENTS...[first lines of text]. New York. March 16, 1775. Broadside, 10 x 8½ inches. Negligible foxing and soiling. Near fine.

New York merchant Isaac Low (1735-91) was a lukewarm patriot who served in the First Continental Congress but opposed the war. He left political life in 1775, and when the British occupied New York in 1776, Low chose to remain and resume trade rather than fleeing the city. As a result, Low was among those who left New York with the British, branded a Loyalist and with his properties confiscated accordingly. He subsequently emigrated to England. The ANB indicates that writing “from exile to his patriot brother in 1787, Low declared that he would never ‘envy the Hap- piness of others who are advocates for republican Government. The height of my Ambition was and is to live and die a British subject.’” This broadside was issued in reaction to his announcement that he was leaving the world of politics, having decided not to stand for the Second Continental Congress. “Veritas” makes fun of Low’s withdrawal. Three copies are located, two of which are in photostat facsimile (American Antiquarian Society, New-York Historical Society); only the Library Company of Philadelphia appears to have an actual copy of this broadside. Rare. BRISTOL B4128. SHIPTON & MOONEY 42945. $4500.

Dutch Support for the American Revolution

9. [American Revolution]: [Political Cartoon]: DEN ENGELSMAN OP ZYN UITERSTE / L’ANGLOIS A TOUTE EXTREMITEZ. Lyon. [1780]. Engraving with letterpress text beneath, the whole measuring 9¼ x 10¾ inches. Mounted at corners to modern heavy paper. Lightly soiled. Trimmed a bit close at top edge, but not into image. Very good.

Engraving with printed enumerated text beneath in French and Dutch, satirizing England’s condition in the face of Dutch, French, and Spanish support for America during the American Revolution. The image features an Englishman, in a bed vomiting into a bowl being held by a Dutch peasant; his backside is exposed to the viewer. Behind him is a chamber pot, and to the right is an apothecary wearing a mask and holding a large syringe. Behind him is an American with feathered headdress. In the doorway to the left are doctors and other apothecaries, being fended off by a Frenchman and a Spaniard. To the far right is an open window with ships at anchor. All the images are accompanied by explanatory text. A fairly scarce print; we locate copies at the Library of Congress, American Antiquarian Society, Library Company of Philadelphia, and the British Museum. BM SATIRES 5731. $3000. A Lawsuit Over Privateering in the Revolution

10. [American Revolution]: [Privateering]: 1783. BILL IN CHANCERY BY PERSONS CONCERNED IN PRIVATEER AT BERWICK AG[AINS]T SOME PERSONS WHO HAD SUBSCRIBED AND WHO [WOULD?] CONTRIBUTE THERETO [manuscript docket title]. [London? 1783]. 18pp. Large folio. Loose leaves. Old fold lines. Minor wear and soiling, primarily to final page. Very good.

Complaint filed by Edward Parker in Chancery Court concerning the resolution of a privateering endeavor mounted by members of an association in Berwick-Upon- Tweed, in northernmost England, during the American Revolutionary War. The complaint is that several members of the association have not paid their share of the subscription in order to pay down the debts incurred in the outfitting and purchase of the vessels necessary for the operation. The association members and the many subscribers are all named with their subscriptions recorded. The document notes that all are members of “a certain Society formed for the purposes of Adventure in fitting out privateers ag[ains]t the common Enemy in the course of the late war that by certain Articles of Agreement bear a date on or ab[ou]t the 30th day of Decr. in the yr of our Lord 1780.” The terms of the association are laid out and the purchase and outfitting of the ship described. The judges denoted are the Right Honourable Alexander Lord Loughborough, Sir William Henry Ashurst, and Sir Beaumont Hotham. Interestingly, two of the judges on the case, Ashurst and Hotham, both served as judges during the famous trial of James Hill, known as “John the Painter,” who, acting as agent of Benjamin Franklin and Silas Deane, set fire to the Portsmouth naval yard rope-house in 1777. Lengthy and informative, detailing the ways in which people set about to profit by privateering during the Revolution. $2750.

With Real or Pirated Paul Revere Engravings

11. Ames, Nathaniel: AN ASTRONOMICAL DIARY: OR, ALMA- NACK FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD CHRIST, 1772. [Boston. 1771]. [24]pp., including three metal-cut engravings, possibly by Revere. 12mo. Dbd. Lightly foxed. Very good.

A variation of the original Russell edition (which had two engravings by Revere), this is one of several editions published in New England, though this one lacks any imprint information. NAIP notes that this edition, with its advertisement on the last page for Daniel Jones, is almost certainly the edition printed and advertised by Edes & Gill. The nature of the engravings in this almanac becomes more puzzling due to a charge in Paul Revere’s Day Book which reads, “Messrs Edes & Gill Dr / To Engraving 3 plates for Ames Almanack / 2-14-0,” on December 21, just five days after his entry for two engravings for Russell’s Ames almanac. It is unclear, then, whether this almanac should be considered a pirated edition with imitations of Revere’s engravings, or whether there is sufficient evidence to believe that these engravings are genuine Revere engravings, albeit copies of his original engravings. The engraving on the titlepage is of a dwarf, Miss Emma Leach, who had recently traveled to Boston. Of the two engravings in the interior, the first depicts political writer Jonathan Dickinson, under his pseudonym of “The Patriotic American Farmer.” The second shows Mrs. Catherine Macaulay, a famous British intellectual and author, and correspondent of many of the leading Boston patriots. Macaulay’s book on English liberties was an important source for Otis, Adams, Dickinson, and other American leaders. This almanac is also notable for including an essay on a beekeeping technique used in Greece. Nathaniel Ames Jr. continued writing this almanac series after his father died in 1764 and until the beginning of the Revolutionary War. He was a successful doctor, ardent Anti-Federalist, and local politician. DRAKE 3205. EVANS 11961. NAIP w022505. BRIGHAM, PAUL REVERE’S EN- GRAVINGS, pp.135-36. $3500. Standard Revolutionary History

12. Andrews, John: HISTORY OF THE WAR WITH AMERICA, FRANCE, SPAIN, AND HOLLAND; COMMENCING IN 1775 AND ENDING IN 1783. London. 1785-1786. Four volumes. [2],448; [2], 449; [2],445; [2],416,[59],[v]-xiv pp., plus twenty-four plates, six folding maps, and one single-page map (maps partially handcolored). Contemporary tree calf, spines gilt, leather label. Rubbed at extremities, hinges tender. Light scattered foxing. One map detached but present. Very good.

One of the basic contemporary histories of the American Revolution, this detailed narrative was compiled largely from newspaper articles and the proceedings of the House of Commons. It is illustrated with portraits of principals such as Washing- ton, Clinton, Greene, Cornwallis, Burgoyne, Lafayette, Capt. Asgill, and Count D’Estaing, to which many additional portraits from other 18th-century and early 19th-century sources have been added. The maps show the North American colonies as far west as the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River, the English Channel, the West Indies, and other hot spots of the time in Europe and elsewhere. HOWES A259, “aa.” SABIN 1501. $4500.

A Classic of American Natural History and Travel

13. Bartram, William: TRAVELS THROUGH NORTH & SOUTH CAROLINA, GEORGIA, EAST & WEST FLORIDA, THE CHER- OKEE COUNTRY, THE EXTENSIVE TERRITORIES OF THE MUSCOGULGES, OR CREEK CONFEDERACY, AND THE COUNTRY OF THE CHACTAWS [sic].... Philadelphia: James & Johnson, 1791. [2],xxxiv,522pp. plus engraved frontispiece portrait of “Mico Chulcco the Long Warrior” by J. Trenchard after Bartram, engraved folding map, and seven engraved plates of natural history specimens (one folding). Contemporary mottled calf, spine gilt, leather label. Hinges and top of spine neatly repaired. Modern ownership inscription on front fly leaf. Small tear in titlepage, repaired; tear in a plate, also neatly repaired. Light foxing. A very good copy in contemporary condition of a book almost always found damaged. In a red half morocco and cloth slipcase, spine gilt.

The rare first edition of one of the classic accounts of southern natural history and exploration, with much material on the southern Indian tribes. For the period, Bartram’s work is unrivalled. He travelled several thousand miles through the Southeast in the years just prior to the American Revolution. “...Bartram wrote with all the enthusiasm and interest with which the fervent old Spanish friars and missionaries narrated the wonders of the new found world...he neglected nothing which would add to the common stock of human knowledge” – Field. “Unequalled for the vivid picturesqueness of its descriptions of nature, scenery, and productions” – Sabin. “The classic of southern natural history and exploration, with much on the southern Indian tribes. Bartram’s account of the remote frontier, of the plantations, trading posts, and Indian villages at the end of the eighteenth century is unrivaled” – Streeter. Includes a chapter concerning the customs and language of the Muscogulges and Cherokees. HOWES B223, “b.” CLARK I:197. EVANS 23159. SABIN 3870. VAIL 849. Coats, The Plant Hunters, pp.273-76. TAXONOMIC LITERATURE 329. STREETER SALE 1088. FIELD 94. PILLING, PROOF-SHEETS 301. SERVIES 669. $16,000.

An Important Work on the Secret and Diplomatic History of the American Revolution

14. Beaumarchais, Pierre-Augustin Caron de: OBSERVATIONS ON THE JUSTIFICATIVE MEMORIAL OF THE COURT OF LONDON. Philadelphia: F. Bailey, 1781. 129pp. Small quarto. Late 19th-century three- quarter morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Extremities rubbed. Light, even tanning to text. Very good.

The English translation of Beaumarchais’ response to a pamphlet written by Edward Gibbon. Originally published in Madrid, it relates to the conduct of France in assisting the Americans in the war for independence. “This work by the famous playwright was part of the pamphlet war that flared over French support of the Americans in the Revolution” – Bell. Beaumarchais, who penned The Barber of Seville and The Marriage of Figaro, was an avid supporter of the colonists’ plight, and had been instrumental in obtaining and transporting arms and ammunition to the Americans under the firm name of Roderigue Hortalez & Co. prior to the official French entry into the war. Later, however, there was some confusion about whether the supplies were commissioned by the French government or “gifts” by the playwright, and Beaumarchais was never properly compensated. His heirs were finally paid $800,000 in 1835, only a portion of the actual amount owed him. According to Streeter, this “represents the first diplomatic approach to the international problem of the recognition of neutrals of seceded colonies and revolutionary governments.” EVANS 17093. HILDEBURN 4079. STREETER SALE 797. CHURCH 1179. BELL B129 (ref ). HOWES B289 (fails to note this English ed). $6000.

In the Original Boards

15. Belknap, Jeremy: THE HISTORY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. Philadel- phia. 1784. Boston. 1791-1792. Three volumes. viii,361,[lxxxiv]; 494; 480,[8] pp., plus folding map bound in as frontispiece in second volume. Contem- porary gray and beige paper boards over birch bark, printed paper labels. Some loss to paper on spines, costing most of third volume spine label. Front boards loosening on first and second volumes. Second and third volumes with occasional light staining and foxing. In original unsophisticated condition, untrimmed, a remarkable survival. In a cloth clamshell case, leather label.

The first extensive history of New Hampshire, and “one of the most important eighteenth-century American histories,” according to Streeter. The first two volumes trace the history of New Hampshire, while the third discusses the geography, natural history, society, laws, government, etc. The author was a determined antiquarian and founder of the first American historical association, the Massachusetts Historical Society. The publication of this work in different cities over an eight-year period has made complete sets difficult to obtain. Tocqueville praised Belknap’s history, saying, “The reader of Belknap will find more general ideas and more strength of thought, than are to be met with in other American historians, even to the present day” (quoted in Larned). In the third volume of this set the publication date appears to read “1793” in Roman numerals, but this is a typographic error. Howes claims that a second edition of the third volume appeared in 1793, but this is not noted by Evans, ESTC, or BAL. EVANS 18344, 23166, 24088. STREETER SALE 715 (vol. 1 only). SABIN 18344. HOWES B323, “aa.” LARNED 3128. BAL 922, 928, 930. WHEAT & BRUN 183. $3500. Item 15.

British Political Views on America Leaked Before the Revolution

16. [Bernard, Francis]: LETTERS TO THE MINISTRY, FROM GOV- ERNOR BERNARD, GENERAL GAGE, AND COMMODORE HOOD, AND ALSO, MEMORIALS TO THE LORDS OF THE TREASURY, FROM THE COMMISSIONERS OF THE CUS- TOMS. WITH SUNDRY LETTERS AND PAPERS ANNEXED TO THE SAID MEMORIALS. Boston: Edes & Gill, 1769. 108pp. Original gathered sheets, untrimmed and stitched as issued. Light staining to titlepage, slight age-toning to text. Very good. In a folding cloth clamshell box, stamped in gilt.

An important tract on the causes of the American Revolution. This pamphlet was one of the first major “leaks” in American history. Bernard was governor of Mas- sachusetts during the Stamp Act Crisis and was not well liked by the colonists. He was replaced as governor by Thomas Hutchinson in 1769, after being burned in effigy. He had made his feelings clear to various officials in London, while express- ing strong views on how to stamp out dissent in Boston. Copies of the papers were obtained by parties (still unknown), who published them. Wikileaks had nothing on this; a firestorm of protests followed, and the resulting ill-feeling only added to the growing anger of the colonials. “On the turbulent state of affairs in Boston resulting from the Stamp Act” – Howes. EVANS 11176. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 69a. SABIN 4923. ESTC W13583. HOWES B383. $3500.

One of the First Substantial Histories of Virginia

17. [Beverley, Robert]: THE HISTORY OF VIRGINIA, IN FOUR PARTS.... London. 1722. [8],284,[28]pp. plus fifteen engraved plates including frontis. Antique-style half calf and marbled boards. Light soiling and scattered foxing. Frontispiece inexpertly backed with thicker paper. Two plates with edge repairs, not affecting images. Still, a good copy.

Second edition of Beverley’s The History and Present State of Virginia..., following the first edition of 1705, one of the first histories of Virginia, by a planter who spent most of his life there. The present edition contains important textual additions, including the author’s theories on the desirability of Indian-White intermarriage. Also contains a brief section on Indian languages and learning. HOWES B410, “aa.” SABIN 5113. CHURCH 885. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 722/18. PILLING, PROOF-SHEETS 377. STREETER SALE 1099. $2500.

The Second Saur Bible

18. [Bible in German]: [Saur, Christopher]: BIBLIA, DAS IST: DIE HEI- LIGE SCHRIFT ALTES UND NEUES TESTAMENTS, NACH DER TEUTSCHEN UEBERSETZUNG D. MARTIN LUTHERS MIT JEDES CAPITELS FURTZEN SUMMARIEN, AUCH BENGEFÜGTEN VIELEN UND RICHTIGEN PARALLELEN.... Germantown: Christoph Saur, 1763. [4],992,277,[3]pp. printed in double columns. Quarto. Contemporary calf over wooden boards, metal clasps. One clasp lacking. Minor wear to extremities. Contemporary ownership markings on endpapers. Lightly tanned; light foxing and soiling. Very good.

The second edition of the first European language Bible printed in America, after the first of 1743. The text is based on Martin Luther’s version by way of the thirty- fourth edition of the Halle Bible, with Book Three of Edras, Book Four of Edras, and Book Three of Maccabees supplied from the Berlenburg Bible. The present edition, rumored to have been issued in 2000 copies, was printed by Christopher Saur II, son of Christoph Saur the elder, a native of Wittgenstein, Germany. The elder Saur emigrated to Germantown, Pennsylvania and practiced medicine before turning to printing. It was he who printed the 1743 first edition. SEIDENSTICKER, p.61. ARNDT 269. O’CALLAGHAN, p.25. EVANS 9343. HIL- DEBURN 1877. NAIP w018552. SABIN 5192. $6000.

The Third Philadelphia Directory

19. Biddle, Clement: THE PHILADELPHIA DIRECTORY. Philadelphia, Printed by James & Johnson, 1791. xviii,[2],187,[1]pp. 19th-century three- quarter morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Worn along joints and edges. Text lightly tanned. About very good.

The third Philadelphia directory, complete with the brief account of Philadelphia and the errata, which are not present in all copies. While easier to obtain than the extraordinarily rare first directory of 1785, the Biddle directory is a good deal rarer than the Francis White directory of the same year. It is one of the earliest directories from any American city, and the first comprehensive one issued in Philadelphia during the Federal period, when it was the seat of government for the country. NAIP locates a total of only nine copies. Quite scarce, and a significant early Philadelphia directory. SPEAR p. 273. EVANS 23205. NAIP w027615. HOWES B425, “aa.” $7500.

The Suppressed Original Episcopal Book of Common Prayer

20. [Book of Common Prayer]: THE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER, AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE SACRAMENTS, AND OTH- ER RITES AND CEREMONIES, AS REVISED AND PROPOSED TO THE USE OF THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH.... Philadelphia: Printed by Hall and Sellers, 1786. [364]pp. plus 6 [of 8]pp. of music. Lacks the errata leaf. 12mo. Contemporary red morocco, gilt, leather onlays on covers. Extremities worn. Small piece of titlepage torn away at foredge, affecting border and two letters of text. Light tanning and foxing. A good copy. In a half morocco box.

The American Protestant Episcopal Church was founded at a convention in Philadel- phia in 1785, as an adaptation of the Church of England in the new United States. At the convention it was agreed to create a separate prayer book. The present title is the result, and it caused great controversy upon its publication. Among the ill- considered revisions were “changes and omissions of such drastic nature as among other things the deletion of the Nicene and Athanasian Creeds. The Proposed Book proved unwelcome to clergy and laity, even its suggestion of a prayer for the Fourth of July being taken exception to. Its use was brief and not general” (Page). “This edition contains the alterations which were intended to adapt the Book of Common Prayer, of the Church of England, to the changed political conditions of this country; and is the result of a convention held in Philadelphia, in 1785, presided over by the Reverend William White. The proposed Prayer Book met with much criticism and opposition in the church, owing to its radical changes, and was never adopted.” – Evans. EVANS 19940. PAGE, THE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER 51. GRIFFITHS 1786, 9. NAIP w029995. $7500.

Boycotting British Goods After the Intolerable Acts

21. [Boston Committee of Correspondence]: GENTLEMEN, THE EVILS WHICH WE HAVE LONG FORESEEN ARE NOW COME UPON THIS TOWN AND PROVINCE, THE LONG MEDITAT- ED STROKE IS NOW GIVEN TO THE CIVIL LIBERTY OF THIS COUNTRY...[beginning of text]. Boston. June 8, 1774. [2]pp. on a folded folio sheet, measuring 12½ x 15 inches. Addressed and docketed in manuscript on the recto of the first text page. Old folds. Small tear in upper margin of first text page, touching two letters of text. Three tears along center fold, not affecting text. A few tears repaired on blank pages with tape. Very good. In a half morocco box.

A rare circular letter, sent to towns throughout Massachusetts by the Boston Com- mittee of Correspondence, calling for a general boycott of British goods in the wake of the Intolerable Acts. The first of the Intolerable Acts, the Boston Port Bill, closed the harbor of Boston to all commerce, while the second, the Massachusetts Government Act, effectively instituted martial law in the colony. The acts were passed by Parliament in March 1774 as a reaction to the Boston Tea Party of De- cember 1773. News of the Port Bill reached Boston in mid-May, 1774, while news of the Government Act followed in early June. The legislation was harshly punitive toward Massachusetts, closing the port of Boston, requiring the quartering of Brit- ish troops in private homes, and outlawing town meetings, among other provisions. In almost immediate response, the Boston Committee of Correspondence, led by Samuel Adams, devised a “non-importation” pledge, known as the “Solemn League and Covenant,” calling on signers to halt the purchase of British goods after August 31, and boycotting those who would not sign the covenant. The present document was sent to towns around Massachusetts together with a copy of the Covenant, and strenuously argues the case for the boycott. The text states that while those in Boston may feel the effects of the Intolerable Acts most severely, “our brethren in the other towns of this province, and all the other colonies, must see that we suffer in the common cause, and that they themselves must soon realize the sufferings upon which we now labour, if no means are discovered for our relief.” Indeed, the Committee writes, it is the plan of the British government “to bring the whole continent into the most humiliating bondage.” The only solution, the only way to influence the British government to revoke the acts, is through a boycott of British goods:

There is but one way that we can conceive of, to prevent what is to be depre- cated by all good men, and ought by all possible means to be prevented...and that is by affecting the trade and interest of Great Britain, so deeply as shall induce her to withdraw her oppressive hand. There can be no doubt of our succeeding to the utmost of our wishes if we universally come into a solemn league, not to import goods from Great Britain, and not to buy any goods that shall hereafter be imported from thence, until our grievances are redressed. To these, or even to the least of these shameful impositions, we trust in God, our countrymen never will submit.

This copy is signed in manuscript by William Cooper, clerk of the Committee of Correspondence for Boston, and is addressed in manuscript “For the Committee of Correspondence at Sandwich.” A docketing note indicates that this broadside was sent together with a copy of the “Boston Covenant,” which is no longer present. Ford, in his bibliography of Massachusetts broadsides, notes two issues of this text, one with a printed date and another without a printed date. No priority between the two is established. This is the issue with the printed date, located in only five copies, at the American Antiquarian Society, Library of Congress, New York Public Library, Harvard, and Massachusetts Historical Society. Rare and important. EVANS 13157. NAIP w004188. FORD, MASSACHUSETTS BROADSIDES 1708. $20,000.

22. Bowen, Emmanuel: A NEW & ACCURATE MAP OF NORTH & SOUTH CAROLINA &c. DRAWN FROM LATE SURVEYS AND REGULATED BY ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS. London: E. Bowen, 1752. Copper-engraved map, with full margins. Sheet size: 15 7/8 x 19 7/8 inches. In excellent condition.

This very interesting and highly detailed map depicts the east coast from the mouth of Chesapeake Bay to northern Florida, and features all of North and South Caro- lina and Georgia. It was included in Bowen’s A Complete System of Geography, one of the finest English atlases of the mid-18th century, first published in 1747, with the present map being included in the second edition of 1752. Bowen derived this map from one of the twenty sheets of Henry Popple’s monumental Map of the British Empire in North America (London, 1733). This map is immensely detailed, and is a fascinating historical document regarding the development of the American South during the British colonial era. It shows that the coasts of the Carolinas were then relatively well-settled, organized into counties, with large towns connected by roads. The colony of Georgia, although founded only in 1733, had developed well past its initial beginnings in Savannah, with a new network of bastions, including forts William and Augusta defending its frontiers. The Spanish base of St. Augustine looms to the south, widely considered to have been the greatest threat to British hegemony in the region. Inhabited by the odd British outpost, the interior of the South is still shown to be a wilderness, with the borders between colonies shown to be somewhat ambiguous. The interior was then considered to be a dangerous land still in the possession of native tribes and subject to incursions from French and Spanish military expeditions. This point is highlighted by the interesting note that appears near the center of the map: “The Cherokee Indians is a Numerous & Warlike Nation & as they are in Amity & Alliance with the Subjects of ye King of Great Britain, they serve as a powerful Barrier to Carolina & Georgia in the present war against France & Spain.” CUMMING, THE SOUTHEAST IN EARLY MAPS 263. $1500.

23. Bowen, Nathan: MDCCXXV. THE NEW-ENGLAND DIARY, OR, ALMANACK FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD CHRIST 1725... APPLY’D TO THE HORIZON OF BOSTON, N. ENGLAND, WHERE THE NORTH POLE IS RAISED, AND THE SOUTH POLE DEPRESS’D EQUAL TO AN ANGLE OF 42 GRS. 25 MAND A MERIDIAN 4 HO. 7 44 MIN. WEST OF LONDON. By a Native of New-England. Boston: Printed and sold by B. Green, and sold also at the booksellers shops, 1725 [i.e. 1724]. [24]pp. Dbd. Moderately age-toned. Edges worn, affecting a few printed characters. Contemporary ownership inscription of “Nathaniel Cutter” on pp.[9] and [12]; additional contemporary inscriptions on pp.[11] and [13]. A good copy.

An early 18th-century New England almanac by Nathan Bowen, who issued a series of almanacs published in Boston between 1721 and 1737. All are sixteen pages, with the exception of the present almanac. In a note to the reader on page [17], Bowen writes: “In this my fifth essay to serve the publick, finding the contracted limits of a single sheet of paper, not sufficient to contain all that in the revolution of a year may be very serviceable to the public; I have at the desire of some friends this year presented you with a sheet and a half....” The additional pages include information on tides, the passage of the sun throughout the year, the rising of Venus, a table of distances from Boston to New York, and a description of “how to make a sun dial by which a blind man may know the hours of the days.” This is one of two editions published in 1725 attributed to Bowen, the only year in which two separate editions appeared. The other edition, printed and sold in Boston by J. Franklin, was sixteen pages in length and is said to be a pirated printing, primarily of the calculations and eclipse notes. EVANS 2506. DRAKE 3013. NAIP w03634333. $1500.

Recommending Isaac Collins as Official Federal Printer

24. Brearley, David: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM DA- VID BREARLEY TO OLIVER ELLSWORTH, RECOMMEND- ING ISAAC COLLINS AS PRINTER TO THE FIRST FEDERAL CONGRESS]. Trenton. May 25, 1789. [2]pp. Folio. Old fold lines. Minor soiling. Thin strip of paper attached to right side of verso. Very good. In a purple half calf and cloth clamshell case.

A letter of introduction written by a signer of the U.S. Constitution from New Jersey, David Brearley, to Oliver Ellsworth, drafter and also a signer of the Con- stitution and third Chief Justice, referring Isaac Collins of New Jersey, who “means to offer his services to Congress as a printer.” Collins was the official government printer for the colony of New Jersey, and later for the newly minted state. In 1770, Collins moved from Delaware to New Jersey, where he immediately published the Burlington Almanack for 1771 – the second almanac published in New Jersey – and was appointed to the post of government printer (Felcone). His most ambitious undertaking was the printing of the King James Bible in 1789, the second quarto edition of that work ever to be printed in America. David Brearley was appointed by Washington to be the first federal judge for the District Court of New Jersey. His correspondent, Oliver Ellsworth, was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention from Connecticut who served on the committee that drafted the Constitution. He also served as one of Connecticut’s first U.S. Senators and held key government positions throughout the remainder of his career, including Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Brearley writes:

Dear Sir, The bearer of this is Mr. Collins of New-Jersey, printer, who I beg leave to introduce to you. He means to offer his services to Congress as a printer. I shall therefore take the liberty to inform you what his pretentions are for making this application. As a printer he is equal to any in America, which will be abundantly proved by specimens of his performances in that line, which he has with him ready to shew – and beyond this, he is a person of fair and well established character – punctual in his engagements, and of unquestionable integrity. He has been printer to this state for many years, in which he has given the highest satisfaction. If Congress are desirous of having their Journals appear in a handsome and correct manner, I will undertake to say that if they give the appointment to Mr. Collins, he will fully answer their expectations.

Mr. Collins did not, in fact, get the job. This may, however, have freed his time for printing the King James Bible, which many Biblical scholars find to be one of the most correct editions (ANB). No Brearley letters appear in auction records in the last thirty-five years, and he is one of the rarer signers of the Constitution: his signature, when it shows up, is on Continental currency. FELCONE, NEW JERSEY BOOKS 27 (note). ANB (online). $3500.

Lobbying Petition on American Trade

25. [British Colonies in North America]: [Corn Laws]: CONSIDER- ATIONS ON THE BILL FOR PROHIBITING THE EXPORTA- TION OF CORN &c. FROM NORTH AMERICA; WITH SOME PROPOSALS HUMBLY OFFR’D FOR THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF THOSE USEFUL COLONIES, CONSISTENT WITH THE REAL INTEREST OF THIS KINGDOM [caption title]. [London. 1740]. 3pp., docketed on verso. Folio. Reinforced at center fold. Light soiling, mainly on docketing leaf. Very good.

A petition concerning the current bill on the Corn Laws under discussion in Parliament, urging the Members to reconsider the prohibition against exporting grain from the American colonies, or at the very least, lift the tariffs on importing it into Britain. The bill in question would have forbidden American colonists to export their grain to any market other than Great Britain, where it would be heavily taxed. The present document pleads the case of Portugal and other countries that rely almost entirely on grain from the British colonial market. The author notes that if this prohibitive bill is to be put in place, the least the government could do is lower the tariff on its importation into Britain. Samuel Johnson discusses “the debate on the Corn Bill” in his Works, recording the debate of November 1740 at some length; he notes that a paper was distributed to Members decrying the bill as a means of personal profit for the Crown, the author of which was subsequently jailed for libel. Only three copies recorded by ESTC: England’s National Archives, the British Library, and the Huntington. ESTC T56008. $1250.

Celebrations After a Notable English Victory in America

26. [British Political Satire]: [War of Jenkins’ Ear]: THE PREFERMENT OF THE BARBER’S BLOCK. THE CARDINAL IN THE DUMPS, WITH THE HEAD OF THE COLOSSUS [caption title]. London. 1740. Engraving with hand-coloring, measuring 14 x 8¾ inches. Minor soiling. Color quite bright and fresh. Very good.

A satire against French Cardinal Fleury, Chief Minister to Louis XV, published during the frenzy of celebrations over Admiral Vernon’s victory over the Spanish at the Battle of Porto Bello – an enthusiasm which the Cardinal apparently did not share. Fleury was an ally of Robert Walpole, whose power was in decline and had reluctantly agreed to hostilities with Spain. Fleury is seen here seated, reaching out toward a medallion of Admiral Vernon and holding a scroll which reads, “His iron will get ye better of my gold” and “G-d, he’ll take all our acquisitions in America.” On the wall behind him are several small crude illustrations, one of which appears to be a portly Walpole hanging from a gallows above the slogan, “No matter if he is longer than ye gallows.” A head sits atop a pole, perhaps alluding to the fact that many people would be pleased to see Walpole’s head positioned thus. Engraved by George Bickham. Only one copy located in OCLC, at Northwestern University. BRITISH LIBRARY CATALOGUE 2454. OCLC 43946235. $1250.

27. [Burgoyne, John]: THE SUBSTANCE OF GENERAL BUR- GOYNE’S SPEECHES, ON MR. VYNER’S MOTION ON THE 26th OF MAY; AND UPON MR. HARTLEY’S MOTION ON THE 28th OF MAY, 1778. WITH AN APPENDIX, CONTAINING GEN- ERAL WASHINGTON’S LETTER TO GENERAL BURGOYNE. &c. London. 1778. [2],42,[6]pp. Lacks half title. Late 19th-century green three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Spine and corners heavily rubbed; head of spine chipped. Bookplate on front pastedown. Small loss in gutter margin of titlepage. Light foxing on first and last leaves, minor foxing else. About very good. In a blue half morocco and cloth folder, spine gilt.

First edition of Burgoyne’s defensive speech, justifying his conduct following his surrender at Saratoga. Washington’s reply to Burgoyne’s recent praise of him is highly reflective of Washington’s character and, while admitting he cannot but be pleased with Burgoyne’s “reversal of fortune” on the field, he extends his sympathies as a fellow soldier. HOWES B969, “aa.” SABIN 9527. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 78-11a. $1250.

28. Burgoyne, John: A LETTER FROM LIEUT. GEN. BURGOYNE TO HIS CONSTITUENTS, UPON HIS LATE RESIGNATION; WITH THE CORRESPONDENCES BETWEEN THE SECRE- TARIES OF WAR AND HIM, RELATIVE TO HIS RETURN TO AMERICA. London. 1779. [2],37,[1]pp. Modern half blue leather and marbled boards, spine gilt. Bookplate on front pastedown. Titlepage and last page lightly soiled. Minor soiling and foxing else. Very good.

After his capitulation at Saratoga, Burgoyne returned to England where he was elected to Parliament. In this letter Burgoyne explains his conduct to his constituents in the face of orders from the King that he return to America and rejoin his captive army. The appendix contains the King’s orders as transmitted by Lord Barrington, and Charles Jenkinson’s letters, informing Burgoyne that the King accepted his resignation. HOWES B962. SABIN 9251. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 79-12a. LANDE 68. TPL 2570 (ref ). $900.

29. Butler, Richard: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM RICH- ARD BUTLER TO JOSEPH REED, REQUESTING MORE COM- MISSIONED OFFICERS]. [Morristown, N.J.] Camp Light Infty., 2d River. Nov. 29, 1779. [1]p. Folio. Old fold lines. Slight separation at some folds. Thin strip of tissue reinforcing left edge. Some light soiling and wear. About very good. In a half morocco and cloth clamshell case, spine gilt.

Appointed colonel of the 9th Pennsylvania Regiment, Richard Butler (1743-91) fought at the Battle of Monmouth in 1778 and was praised for his conduct at the storming of Stony Point in July 1779. In the present letter, written from the Mor- ristown encampment, he asks Joseph Reed, the President of the State of Pennsylvania, for action on requested commissions:

I last summer took the liberty to recommend to your Excellency as ensigns in my regt. Mr. Joseph Erwin Junr. of the County of Westmoreland, also Mr. James Steel of the city of Philada. They were recommended to me in so strong terms by several gentlemen that I cannot do less than assure your Excellency I think them deserving of the appointment. Indeed I know personally the merits of Mr. Erwin, he is a promising young man, & his father has been of great service to the publick in both civil & military capasities....As my regt. is very short of officers I flatter myself the appointments will meet your Excellencys approbation & take place immediately. On report to the Board of War the commissions will be forwarded to camp.... $1000.

First of the Andros Tracts

30. Byfield, Nathaniel: AN ACCOUNT OF THE LATE REVOLUTION IN NEW-ENGLAND. TOGETHER WITH THE DECLARATION OF THE GENTLEMEN, MERCHANTS, AND INHABITANTS OF BOSTON, AND THE COUNTRY ADJACENT. APRIL 18, 1689. London. 1689. 20pp. Small quarto. 20th-century brown morocco, spine gilt. Modern bookplate of Frederick B. Adams, Jr. on front pastedown. Inter- nally clean. Near fine.

A most important work for the history of New England. Sir Edmund Andros, the governor of Massachusetts appointed by Charles II, was overthrown in the spring of 1689 because of his harsh and overbearing rule. This pamphlet explains the position of those who removed him from power and their protestations of loyalty to the British Crown. Following Byfield’s text is a printing of Increase Mather’s The Declaration of the Gentlemen..., on pages 7-19. Page 20 prints a letter to Sir Edmund Andros, royal governor of the Dominion of New England, written and signed in type by prominent Boston citizens on April 18, 1689, demanding the surrender of the government. Scarce. CHURCH 708. SABIN 9708. ESTC R17463. WING B6379. $12,500.

A Key Revolutionary Work

31. [Cartwright, John]: AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE THE INTER- EST AND GLORY OF GREAT BRITAIN; CONTAINING ARGU- MENTS, WHICH PROVE, THAT NOT ONLY IN TAXATION, BUT IN TRADE, MANUFACTURES, AND GOVERNMENT, THE COLONIES ARE ENTITLED TO AN ENTIRE INDEPENDENCY ON THE BRITISH LEGISLATURE.... Philadelphia: Printed and sold by Robert Bell, 1776. 125,[1]pp. Half title. Bound to style in three-quarter speckled calf and marbled boards. Light foxing. Very good.

First American edition, following a London 1774 printing, of this important work by the prominent British social reformer, John Cartwright, then just beginning his career as an advocate of causes after earlier service in the Navy. Cartwright had some American experience, both as a naval officer in Newfoundland and as brother of Major George Cartwright, author of the well-known book on Labrador published a few years before this volume. In this work Cartwright takes the extraordinary step of outright advocacy of American independence, a position he reached in advance of even the most radical members of the Continental Congress. Cartwright advocated a loose union between an independent America and Great Britain, which he held would be mutually advantageous to both countries. Cartwright’s views, not surprisingly, ruined his military career and drove him into full-time political endeavors. “At a time when no Member of Parliament had sufficient decision of mind to propose the Independence of America, Major Cartwright suggested the expediency of an Union between Great Britain and her Colonies under separate Legislatures” – Sabin. The present copy is complete, including pages 121-125, which contain an “Ex- tract from the Monthly Review,” evidently added as an afterthought and absent from most copies. HOWES C206, “aa.” HILDEBURN 3344. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 105c. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 74-17 (British ed). EVANS 14673. SABIN 11153. DNB III, p.1133. $9000.

First English Exploration of the Headwaters of the Mississippi

32. Carver, Jonathan: TRAVELS THROUGH THE INTERIOR PARTS OF NORTH-AMERICA, IN THE YEARS 1766, 1767, AND 1768. London: Printed for the author, 1778. [20], xvi,543,[1]pp. plus two folding maps and four plates. Additional portrait of Carver bound in as a frontispiece. Contemporary speckled calf, expertly rebacked in matching speckled calf, gilt morocco labels. A bit of occasional, light tanning; some offsetting from plates. A few instances of neat contemporary marginalia or corrections. A very good copy.

Carver went farther west than any British explorer before the Revolution. He was seeking a transcontinental waterway, but mainly explored tributaries of the Mississippi. His book, however, is often given credit for being a catalyst for further exploration, influencing Mackenzie and Lewis and Clark. “A Plan of Captain Carver’s Travels in the Interior Parts of North America” shows the headwaters of the Mississippi, lakes Michigan and Superior, and the land as far west as the Dakotas. The text contains the first mention of the word “Oregon.” Includes material relating to the languages of a number of Indian tribes. A cornerstone early western travel narrative. HOWES C215, “aa.” FIELD 251. STREETER SALE 1772. PILLING, PROOF- SHEETS 634. SABIN 11184. VAIL 670. $4500.

Vital Account of the 1768 Rebellion in Louisiana

33. Champigny, Jean, chevalier de: ETAT-PRESENT DE LA LOUI- SIANE, AVEC TOUTES LES PARTICULARITES DE CETTE PROVINCE D’AMERIQUE, POUR SERVIR DE SUITE A L’HISTOIRE DES ETABLISSEMENS DES EUROPEENS DANS LES DEUX INDES.... The Hague: Chez Frederic Staatman, 1776. 147,[2] pp. Antique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Occasional light age toning. Very good.

Streeter describes this as the second edition, somewhat rearranged, of Champigny’s La Louisiane Ensanglantee, a work issued with a false London imprint (actually Paris) in 1773. Howes, however, gives the two titles separate entries. “An absorbing account of the trial and punishment of leading French citizens of Louisiana, inflicted on them by Alexander O’Reilly, the Spanish Governor of the province at its transfer from France to Spain after the Seven Years War” – Streeter. Louisiana had been turned over by the French to the Spanish in the peace settlement in 1763, as part of France’s ejection from North America by the victorious English and Spanish. The French citizens of Louisiana resented the weak Spanish government, and at- tempted a coup against it in 1768. The uprising was put down with vengeance by O’Reilly, sent to establish absolute Spanish authority. This book discusses in detail events from 1762, when the cession was agreed to, through 1771. HOWES C278, “b.” STREETER SALE 1569. SABIN 11824. $6500.

A Storehouse of Important Maps

34. Charlevoix, François J.: HISTOIRE ET DESCRIPTION GEN- ERALE DE LA NOUVELLE FRANCE, AVEC LE JOURNAL HISTORIQUE D’UN VOYAGE FAIT PAR ORDRE DU ROI DANS L’AMERIQUE SEPTENTRIONALE. Paris: Chez Pierre- François Giffart, 1744. Three volumes. [8],xxvi,664; [4],xv,[1],582,56; [4],xix, [1],xiv,500,lxi,[3],501-543pp. Titles printed in red and black with integral em- blematic vignette. Four engraved headpieces, twenty-eight engraved maps and plans (nine folding, sixteen double-page), twenty-two folding leaves printed with forty-four engraved plates exhibiting ninety-six botanical subjects. Half title in each volume. Contemporary French figured calf, spines gilt with raised bands, red morocco labels, small pomegranate tools and double fillet borders, marbled endpapers. Very good.

A fine, untouched set of the first edition of this classic work of Canadian history, which includes important material on the French settlement in the Mississippi Valley. The journal consists of thirty-six letters, six of which concern the southern colonies. “The principal work of this great Jesuit traveller and historian and the pre-eminent authority on the French period in the West” – Howes. “This work is one of the best authorities concerning various Indian tribes, some of which no longer exist. The laborious accuracy with which the work was executed can be estimated by the fact that the maps, dated 1743, are marked with the latest discoveries, in 1742, in the extreme north of America” – Lande. Most of the maps in this work were drawn by French cartographer Nicholas Bellin, including his important map of North America, a frequent source for later mapmakers, as well as some of the most definitive and up-to-date maps available of Canada. Besides its great importance as an historical and cartographical work, Charlevoix is also of considerable interest for the section entitled, “Description des Plantes Principales de l’Amerique Septentrionale,” which occupies the first fifty-six pages of the second volume. Here the author describes ninety-six plants, mainly ones native to Canada, but including herbs of the Mississippi Valley as well. Most of the plants described are of medicinal value. The text is accompanied by twenty-two folding plates illustrating all ninety-six species discussed. LANDE 125. WHEAT TRANSMISSISSIPPI 120. PILLING, PROOF-SHEETS 756. TPL 4697. HOWES C307, “b.” MICHIGAN RARITIES 8. CLARK I:59. SABIN 12135. KARPINSKI, p.137. GREENLY, MICHIGAN 11. SERVIES 377, 378, 379. $16,000.

35. Charlevoix, Pierre François-Xavier: JOURNAL OF A VOYAGE TO NORTH-AMERICA...CONTAINING THE GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION AND NATURAL HISTORY OF THAT COUN- TRY, PARTICULARLY CANADA. TOGETHER WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE CUSTOMS, CHARACTERS, RELIGION, MANNERS AND TRADITIONS OF THE ORIGINAL INHAB- ITANTS.... London: Printed for R. and J. Dodsley..., 1761. Two volumes. viii,382; viii,380,[26]pp., plus folding map. Half title in each volume. Contem- porary calf, expertly rebacked with original richly gilt spines laid down, gilt morocco labels. Offsetting onto the map, and from the map onto the titlepage of the first volume. Light foxing, mostly in second volume. Very good.

Charlevoix was sent to Canada by the Jesuits at the age of twenty-three. After four years of missionary work he returned to France, whereupon he accepted the commission for this trip from the regent of France. During 1720-22 he travelled in the Great Lakes region and down the Mississippi. Although his trip was publicly stated to be for the purpose of inspecting interior posts and settlements, he was actually under orders to seek out information relating to the existence of a passage to the Pacific via continental North America. During his travels Charlevoix questioned the Sioux and traders he found returning to the Mississippi via the Missouri River. Although he hoped to return up the Mississippi in 1723, he fell ill at Biloxi and was forced to return to France from there. “...One of the most interesting of 18th century travel books” – Graff. HOWES C308, “b.” GRAFF 651. SABIN 12139. CLARK I:60. FIELD 283. SERVIES 419. PILLING, PROOF-SHEETS 758. $3750.

36. [Choiseul, E.F., compiler]: MEMOIRE HISTORIQUE SUR LA NE- GOCIATION DE LA FRANCE & DE L’ANGLETERRE, DEPUIS LE 26 MARS 1761, JUSQU’AU 20 SEPTEMBRE DE LA MÊME ANNÉE; AVEC LES PIECES JUSTIFICATIVES. A Londres. 1761. [4],60pp. Small quarto. Modern blue boards, gilt leather label. Small ex-lib. deaccession stamp on rear pastedown, no other markings. Minor soiling and foxing. A few leaves trimmed close at top, affecting page numbers. Very good.

London edition, printed the same year as the Paris first edition, of this important collection of state papers relative to the establishment of the Treaty of Paris, ending the French and Indian War; the cession of Canada; the limits of Louisiana and its passing into the hands of Spain; the fisheries off Newfoundland, Cape Breton, Guadeloupe, etc. The work was issued at the order of the French government in an attempt to lay fault at the feet of the British for the termination of peace negotiations, and it was quickly translated and printed in London the same year. A document of great importance, with a key place in the beginning of the negotiations which would result in securing for the British much of North America. The ESTC notes that this edition may have been issued with the English text, An Historical Memorial of the Negotiation of France And England..., which has the same imprint. HOWES M507. SABIN 47516. TPL 338 (Paris ed). ESTC T39115. $3500.

Advocates of French-American Commerce

37. Claviere, Etienne: Brissot de Warville, Jacques Pierre: DE LA FRANCE ET DES ETATS UNIS, OU DE L’IMPORTANCE DE LA REVOLUTION DE L’AMERIQUE POUR LE BONHEUR DE LA FRANCE, DES RAPPORTS DE CE ROYAUME & DES ETATS- UNIS.... London [i.e. Paris?]. 1787. xxiv,xlviii,344pp. plus two frontispiece portraits. Contemporary boards, modern calf spine, leather label. Contents bright and fresh. Very good.

A highly important work of political economy, published in Paris under a false imprint, and designed to stimulate investment in the United States by the French. Brissot de Warville was one of the most pro-American French thinkers of the period; later he wrote a well-known work on his American travels, and died in the Terror. This work seeks to enlighten the French and American public about the possibili- ties for mutually beneficial investments. Dedicated to the American Congress and the “friends of America in both worlds,” it reviews a number of economic issues, such as balance of trade, the superior benefits of French manufactures for American markets, why French wines and oils were better than any that could be produced in the U.S., and a broad range of specific products. Various American products ranging from rice to furs are then discussed. In the end the authors include a prospectus for their proposed “Societe Gallo-Americaine.” Claviere and Brissot de Warville worked together on a number of political tracts, and both believed that the example of America’s fledgling democracy held the key to France’s future. HOWES C464. KRESS B1169. GOLDSMITHS 13307. ESTC T109594. SABIN 13516. $2000.

38. Cluny, Alexander: LE VOYAGEUR AMERICAIN, OU OBSERVA- TIONS SUR L’ETAT ACTUEL, LA CULTURE, LE COMMERCE DE COLONIES BRITIANNIQUES EN AMERIQUE.... [bound with:] [Mandrillon, Joseph]: PRECIS SUR L’AMERIQUE SEPTEN- TRIONALE & LA REPUBLIQUE DES TREIZE ETATS UNIS. Amsterdam. 1783. viii,264pp. plus folding map and three folding tables. Con- temporary half morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Extremities lightly rubbed. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Minor scattered foxing. Near fine.

The second edition, following the first edition of the previous year, of Mandrillon’s work on the United States and his translation into French of Cluny’s The American Traveller. Cluny details the commerce and produce of the colonies in 1769, with later additions by Mandrillon. Includes a handsome map showing the United States from Georgia to Maine and westward to the Alleghenies. Mandrillon’s own work describes the states and their produce, and concludes with an early printing of the treaty between the United States and the Netherlands (the second treaty concluded by the United States, after the French alliance). HOWES C501, M247. SABIN 13797. CLARK I:213. TPL 429. $1500.

39. [Constitutions]: RECUEIL DES LOIX CONSTITUTIVES DES COLONIES ANGLOISES, CONFÉDÉRÉES SOUS LA DÉ- NOMINATION D’ÉTATS-UNIS DE L’AMÉRIQUE-SEPTENTRI- ONALE. AUQUEL ON A JOINT LES ACTES...DU CONGRÈS GENERAL, TRADUIT DE L’ANGLOIS.... En Suisse [i.e. Paris]. 1778. [10],370pp. Half title. 19th-century blue half morocco and marbled boards. Very good.

The earliest collection of the constitutions of the constituent American states published in France, and the predecessor for the more generally known translation by the Duc de la Rochefoucauld of The Constitutions of the Several Independent States of America (Philadelphia, 1781 and Paris, 1783). This work was compiled by Régnier and dedicated via a letter (printed herein) to Benjamin Franklin, who ordered the publication of the 1783 collection. Included also is an exceptionally early appearance in book form, in French, of the Declaration of Independence. An important early gathering. Interestingly, this title appears under two false imprints, “A Philadelphie” and “En Suisse,” the latter of which the present copy bears. The practice of using false imprints during pre-Revolutionary France was a common one, and is evidence of the flexibility in the government’s relationship with the printing press, often giving the government the safety net of official denial should any objections be raised in the face of a controversial publication. Though published in Paris, Switzerland, a country popularly conceived of as a bastion of non-monarchical and therefore liberal, even inclusively representative government, would have provided plausible support for the book’s counterfeit origin. HOWES R111, “aa.” $2500.

The Culmination of the First Continental Congress

40. [Continental Congress]: [American Revolution]: TO THE PEOPLE OF GREAT BRITAIN FROM THE DELEGATES APPOINTED BY THE SEVERAL ENGLISH COLONIES...TO CONSIDER OF THEIR GRIEVANCES IN GENERAL CONGRESS AT PHILA- DELPHIA, SEPTEMBER 5th, 1774. London. 1775. 16pp. 19th-century half calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Lightly rubbed at extremities. Book- plate on front pastedown; ink stamp of John Carter Brown on verso of titlepage. Lightly foxed. Very good. In a blue half morocco and cloth box.

This pamphlet marks one of the critical moments in the American Revolution, the final resolution of the First Continental Congress, passed on October 21, 1774, the day the Congress dissolved. In it, the delegates of the Congress seek to rally support from the British public, stating the colonial reasons for the discord with Great Britain, especially the Intolerable Acts passed from March to June, 1774. The resolution appeals to public sentiment in England to support the American cause. It represents one of the last efforts to appeal for a peaceful solution before open war began the following spring. The First Continental Congress adjourned on October 26, 1774, having ordered the Philadelphia edition printed (only one copy is known of this printing). The text reached England in the latter part of December, and given its importance, was probably printed almost immediately. The resolution appeals to the public, saying, “You have been told that we are seditious, impatient of government, and desirous of independency. Be assured that these are not facts, but calumnies. Permit us to be as free as yourselves, and we shall ever esteem a union with you to be our greatest glory and our greatest happiness, we shall ever be ready to contribute all in our power to the welfare of the Empire.” The letter later appeared in the Extracts of the Votes and Proceedings... of the First Continental Congress as well as in their Journal. ESTC T136331. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 74-86b. SABIN 95960. $12,500.

The Final Effort to Reach a Settlement: The Continental Congress Addresses the People of England

41. [Continental Congress]: THE TWELVE UNITED COLONIES, BY THEIR DELEGATES IN CONGRESS, TO THE INHABIT- ANTS OF GREAT-BRITAIN. FRIENDS, COUNTRYMEN, AND BRETHREN! BY THESE, AND BY EVERY OTHER APPELLA- TION...WE ENTREAT YOUR SERIOUS ATTENTION TO THIS OUR SECOND ATTEMPT, TO PREVENT THEIR DISSOLU- TION...BY ORDER OF THE CONGRESS, JOHN HANCOCK, PRESIDENT... PHILADELPHIA, JULY 8th, 1775. [Portsmouth, N.H.: Daniel Fowle] “at the printing-office in Portsmouth,” 1775. Broadsheet, 16 x 9½ inches, printed in two columns. Expert restoration, else very good.

The dramatic final appeal by the Continental Congress to the citizens of Britain, attempting to find a peaceful settlement as the American Revolution took off. On the same day the Congress addressed the Olive Branch Petition to the King. This is one of only two known copies of this broadsheet printing done in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. This long, emotional appeal was addressed to British citizens, to be circulated at the same time as the Olive Branch Petition. Politically, it was promoted by the more conservative elements in the Congress who wished to exhaust every possibility in finding a peaceful settlement; it was also done in the knowledge that a strong minority of the English public were sympathetic to the plight of the colonies. The entreaty was approved by Congress on July 8, 1775, following the battles of Lexington and Concord in April and Bunker Hill in June. It condemns “the wanton and unnecessary Destruction of Charlestown” and notes that Boston “is now garrisoned by an Army sent not to protect, but to enslave its Inhabitants.” An exhaustive litany of wrongs, including a review of the Intolerable Acts. However, like the Olive Branch Petition issued by Congress on the same day, this declaration was issued “solemnly to assure you, that we have not yet lost Sight of the Object we have ever had in View, a Reconciliation with you on constitutional Principles, and a Restoration of that friendly Intercourse, which, to the Advantage of both, we till lately maintained.” It closes: “...let us entreat Heaven to avert our Ruin, and the Destruction that threatens our Friends, Brethren and Countrymen, on the other side of the Atlantic....” Specifically referring to this Address, John Adams would write: “Our Address to the People of Great Britain will find many Admirers among the Ladies, and fine Gentlemen: but it is not to my Taste. Prettynesses, Juvenilities, much less Puerili- ties, become not a great Assembly like this the Representative of a great People” (letter from Adams to James Warren, July 11, 1775). Four broadsheet editions of this declaration are recorded: two by William and Thomas Bradford in Philadelphia, one by John Holt in New York, and the present edition by Fowle in Portsmouth. Only one other example of this issue is extant. BRISTOL B4151 (locates one copy, at the New Hampshire Historical Society). SHIPTON & MOONEY 42966. WHITTEMORE, CHECKLIST 185. $27,500.

With the Declaration of Independence

42. [Continental Congress]: JOURNALS OF CONGRESS. CONTAIN- ING THE PROCEEDINGS FROM SEPT. 5, 1774 TO JAN. 1, 1776. [with:] JOURNALS OF CONGRESS. CONTAINING THE PRO- CEEDINGS FROM JAN. 1, 1776 TO JAN. 1, 1777. Philadelphia & York-town. 1777-1778. Two volumes. [2],310,[12]; [2],520,[27]pp. Modern half morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Light foxing and soiling. Very good. Untrimmed.

A nice set of the Journals of the Continental Congress for the first two years. The first volume was published by Robert Aitken in Philadelphia, and was the first collected set of the Journals. These had been published previously in two separate volumes (both of extreme rarity) in 1774 and 1776. This collected issue became the first volume of the series, which continued until the end of the Confederacy and the adoption of the Federal Constitution in 1788. The volume contains a wealth of the most important documents of the Revolutionary period, with all of the proceedings of the first, and part of the second, Continental Congress for 1774 and 1775. Rare in such nice condition and especially so with the twelve pages of index. The second volume was published by John Dunlap in York, and is one of the rarest of the series issued from 1774 to 1788, with a peculiar and romantic publication history. Textually it covers the exciting events of 1776, culminating with the Declaration of Independence on July 4, an early printing of which appears here, as well as all of the other actions of Congress for the year. It is thus a vital document in the history of American independence and the American Revolution. Through the middle of 1777 the printer of the Journals of Congress was Robert Aitken of Philadelphia. In 1777 he published the first issue of the Journals for 1776, under his own imprint. This was completed in the spring or summer. In the fall of 1777 the British campaign under Howe forced the Congress to evacuate Philadelphia, moving first to Lancaster and then to York, Pennsylvania. The fleeing Congress took with it what it could, but, not surprisingly, was unable to remove too many copies of its printed Journals, which would have been bulky and difficult to trans- port. Presumably, any left behind in Philadelphia were destroyed by the British, accounting for the particular scarcity of those volumes today. Among the material evacuated from Philadelphia were the printed sheets of pages 1-424 of the 1776 Journals, printed by Aitken. Having lost many complete copies in Philadelphia, and not having the terminal sheets to make up more copies, Congress resolved to reprint the remainder of the volume. Aitken had not evacuated his equipment, but John Dunlap, the printer of the original Declaration, had. Congress thus appointed Dunlap as the new printer to Congress on May 2, 1778. Dunlap then reprinted the rest of the volume (coming out to a slightly different pagination than Aitken’s version). He added to this a new titlepage, under his imprint at York, with a notice on the verso of his appointment as printer to Congress. This presumably came out between his appointment on May 2 and the return of Congress to Philadelphia in July 1778. Because of Dunlap’s name on the title, it has often been erroneously assumed that this volume contains a printing of the Declaration of Independence by Dun- lap. In fact, that appears in the section of the original Aitken printing. Evans has further muddied the waters by the ghost entry of Evans 15685, ascribing a Dunlap, York printing to 1777. In fact, there is only one Dunlap version, Evans 16137, with the 1778 date. A lovely set of this important publication, and a great Revolutionary rarity. EVANS 15683, 15685, 16137. HILDEBURN 3576, 3727. MATYAS, DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 77-09b. $20,000.

The Continental Congress Instructs American Privateers: The Only Known Copy of This Issue, Signed by Henry Laurens as President of Congress

43. [Continental Congress]: [Privateering]: IN CONGRESS, WEDNES- DAY, APRIL 3, 1776. INSTRUCTIONS TO THE COMMANDERS OF PRIVATE SHIPS OR VESSELS OF WAR, WHICH SHALL HAVE COMMISSIONS OR LETTERS OF MARQUE AND RE- PRISAL, AUTHORISING THEM TO MAKE CAPTURES OF BRITISH VESSELS AND CARGOES [caption title]. [Philadelphia? John Dunlap? 1778?]. Broadside, 13½ x 8½ inches. Old fold lines. Wear at some folds, one repaired on verso with tissue. Contemporary manuscript notations in text, signed by Henry Laurens. Very good.

The printed instructions issued by the Continental Congress to privateers during the American Revolution, in this case under the signature of Henry Laurens as President of the Congress. The text of the broadside elaborates eleven articles of instruction for American privateers, private vessels authorized to raid enemy commerce during wartime. These vessels far outnumbered ships of the fledgling American navy, and had a huge effect on the outcome of the war, accounting for the capture of hundreds of British ships and millions of dollars in prize money. In addition to allowing the taking of ships by force of arms, the articles prohibit torture and murder, and indicate that Congress shall dictate disposal of prisoners. The privateering proclamation was first issued in April 1776, with John Hancock’s name printed, as President of Congress. This was followed by another issue, which Hancock signed in manuscript. Subsequently the broadside was issued by other presidents of the Congress. South Carolinian Henry Laurens succeeded Hancock as president in November 1777, while the Congress was in York, Pennsylvania, and served through December of the next year. The present broadside, with Laurens’ signature, was probably issued in the latter part of 1778, after the American forces had reclaimed Philadelphia from British occupation. John Jay followed Laurens as president, and two issues of the broadside exist with his manuscript signature, dated in 1779. The ESTC notes the four Hancock and Jay issues, and the differences in type settings among them, but the present Laurens issue is unrecorded. It is likely that the broadside was part of the paperwork issued to American privateers to demonstrate that they were authorized by Congress and not simply pirates. This may be why the different issues were actually signed by the President of Congress, in order to demonstrate the validity of the privateers’ actions. In this regard, interestingly, Laurens has also made two manuscript corrections to the text, changing the phrase “Inhabitants of Great Britain” to “Subjects of the King of Great Britain” in Article I: “You may, by force of arms, attack, subdue, and take all ships and other vessels belonging to the [subjects of the King] of Great Britain, on the High Seas, or between high water and low water marks...”; and inserting the additional condition “or acquitted” in Article V: “You shall keep and preserve every ship or vessel and cargo by you taken, until they shall by sentence of a court properly authorised be adjudged lawful Prize [or acquitted], not selling, spoiling, wasting, or diminishing the same or breaking the bulk thereof, nor suffering any such things to be done.” The only known copy of an important broadside, with the signature and corrections of Henry Laurens, illuminating a vital part of the American military effort in the Revolution. EVANS 15137 (the Hancock issue). $17,500.

Elbridge Gerry and Edward Everett’s Copy of the Folwell Edition of the Journals of Congress

44. [Continental Congress]: JOURNALS OF CONGRESS: CONTAIN- ING THEIR PROCEEDINGS [FROM SEPTEMBER 5, 1774 TO NOVEMBER 3, 1788]. Philadelphia: From Folwell’s Press, 1800-1801. Thirteen volumes. Modern antique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Bookplate of Edward Everett on front pastedown of each volume. Some light tanning and soiling, but generally clean internally. Very good.

The first collected printing of the Journals of the United States Congress, known as the “Folwell Edition.” Prior to the issuing of Folwell’s set, the Journals had appeared in more or less annual volumes. Many of those original journals are virtually unobtainable. In 1799, Congress directed that Richard Folwell print 400 sets of the complete journals of the Continental Congress for the use of the Senate and the House of Representatives. This was accomplished during 1800 and 1801, reprint- ing the annual volumes comprising the proceedings of the Continental Congress from the two Congresses held prior to the Declaration of Independence, then for the duration of the Confederacy, through the adoption of the Federal Constitution in 1788. This set has the important provenance of Elbridge Gerry, fifth Vice President of the United States, and then to distinguished American statesman Edward Everett. Everett’s bookplate is in each volume, and he has written on the front fly leaf of the first volume: “This copy of the Journals of the Continental Congress belonged to Elbridge Gerry, Vice-President of the United States with President Madison in his second term. E.E.” Gerry served in the Continental Congress and was a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He was an early and vigorous advocate of American Independence, and played a crucial role in the formation of the new United States government, insisting on a bill of rights being added to the new Constitution. “Gerry warned that the Constitution would not be ratified without a bill of rights, and he proved to be right. Massachusetts accepted the document, but only with the strong recommendation that a bill of rights be added. Several other states followed suit, and the Constitution was ratified but only with these provisos. Gerry staunchly supported the new government, helped to frame the Bill of Rights, and served as congressman from 1789 to 1793” – ANB. His name is perhaps most remembered, however ignominiously, in connection with the term “gerrymandering.” In his second term as governor of Massachusetts, Gerry redrew district lines to consolidate his party’s control in the state senate. “The shape of one electoral district on the map resembled a salamander, and one wit promptly dubbed it a ‘Gerrymander.’ Hence, the term used today when redistricting results in a concentration of the strength of one political party and a weakening of its opponent’s strength” – ANB. Though this was not necessarily a new practice, the name stuck. Gerry ran on the ticket with President Madison two years later, during Madison’s second term as president, and died in office in 1814. Edward Everett attended Harvard, then became the first American to study in Europe and obtain a Ph.D. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives, as governor of Massachusetts for four years in 1835-39, then U.S. Ambassador to Great Britain, President of Harvard, Secretary of State, and Senator from Massachusetts. Ironically, his career ended as the long-winded keynote speaker at Gettysburg, preceding Abraham Lincoln’s Address with two hours of oratory. He died a year later. An important set, with the significant provenance of two of the most important statesmen from Massachusetts in the first half of the 19th century. SABIN 15545. EVANS 15683, 38750 (through 1800). ANB (online). $20,000.

45. Cooper, William: THE SERVICE OF GOD RECOMMENDED TO THE CHOICE OF YOUNG PEOPLE. A SERMON FROM JOSH- UA 24.15. PREACH’D ON THE OCCASION OF THE DEATH OF MR. JOHN CONEY, A VERY HOPEFUL & PIOUS YOUNG MAN, WHO DECEAS’D AUGUST 20, 1726. WITH SOME AC- COUNT OF HIS LIFE AND DEATH; AND ENLARGEMENTS SINCE FROM HIS MANUSCRIPTS. Boston: Printed by T. Fleet for S. Gerrish...and J. Phillips..., 1726. [2],35,[3],86pp. Lacks half title. Dbd. Con- temporary ownership inscription on titlepage. Trimmed close at top, affecting running title and page numbers. Light dampstaining and tanning. Good.

A sermon preached on the occasion of the death of John Coney (1700-26), a bra- zier in Boston, who died unmarried. An interesting view of an artisan’s religious thoughts. Coney was the nephew of John Coney, the famous Boston silversmith (1655-1722). Only a handful of copies on OCLC. EVANS 2740. NAIP w003452. SABIN 16637. $850.

With Maps of Nantucket and Martha’s Vineyard

46. [Crèvecoeur, Michel Guillaume St. Jean]: LETTERS FROM AN AMERICAN FARMER; DESCRIBING CERTAIN PROVINCIAL SITUATIONS, MANNERS, AND CUSTOMS, NOT GENERALLY KNOWN; AND CONVEYING SOME IDEA OF THE LATE AND PRESENT INTERIOR CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE BRITISH COLONIES IN NORTH AMERICA.... London. 1782. [16],318pp. plus two folding maps and [2]pp. of advertisements. Half title. Contemporary calf; rebacked, leather label. Corners worn, boards rubbed. Modern bookplate on front pastedown; contemporary inscriptions on front fly leaf. Modern library ink stamp on half title. Light scattered foxing and dampstaining. Good.

First printing of this important and greatly influential work. Crèvecoeur came to America during the French and Indian War and served with the French forces. Afterwards he settled in the British colonies, becoming a farmer. This work, which describes his experiences in America, is justly famous for its vivid picture of a colonial world slipping into the chaos of war, revolution, and nationhood. Two of the essays, “What is an American?” and “Distresses of a Frontier Man,” particularly address the confusion of the times. Crèvecoeur gives a negative assessment of slavery in his section on South Carolina, and one of the “letters” is written from Culpeper County, Virginia. There is also much on the natural history of British North America, and ethnographic information on American Indians. Also notable are Crèvecoeur’s account of Nantucket, and the excellent maps of that island and Martha’s Vineyard. “As literature unexcelled by any American work of the eighteenth century” – Howes. Certainly one of the chief works of literature, and one of the most important observations on America during the era of the Revolution. HOWES C883, “b.” CLARK I:218. STREETER SALE 711. SABIN 17496. MONA- GHAN 497. MEISEL III, p.352. $4250. Rules for Dances in New London, 1784

47. [Dance Broadside]: [New London]: CONCERT-HALL, OCTOBER 29th, 1784. AS IT IS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY, THAT THE UTMOST DECORUM AND PROPRIETY SHOULD BE OB- SERVED IN AN ASSEMBLY: TO AVOID GIVING OFFENCE, AND TO PREVENT CONFUSION, THE FOLLOWING RULES AND REGULATIONS HAVE BEEN AGREED TO BY THE MAN- AGERS AND SUBSCRIBERS, WHICH THEY REQUEST THE COMPANY WILL OBSERVE [first few lines of text]. [New London, Ct.]. 1784. Broadside, 13½ x 8¼ inches. Docketed on verso. With a manuscript list of subscribers from 1800. Folio. Old fold lines. Minor wear and soiling. Very good.

Broadside advertising the rules for Otis’ Hall, the concert and assembly hall in New London, Connecticut, together with a later manuscript list of subscribers to the hall. The broadside indicates that no gentleman under the age of twenty-one can be a subscriber, and gives the regulations for subscription fees and delivery of tickets to the hall. “It is requested, that no Gentleman or Lady will apply at the Door of the Hall without Tickets, as they will absolutely be refused Admittance. The Assemblies will commence at six o’Clock, and no new Dance will be called for after one o’Clock.” The rules for the dance are likewise outlined:

The Company will draw for Partners the two first Dances; and the Ladies Num- bers be their Places during the Evening. Ladies coming in after the Company have drawn must take their Places at the Bottom. No Person having carried down a Dance, will be allowed to sit down till the Dance is finished, and no Person to Dance out of their Places without the Consent of the Managers. No Gentlemen will be permitted to dance in Boots at the Assembly.

The manuscript list of subscribers, dated Nov. 16, 1800, reads: “We the Subscribers agree to attend the dancing assembly at Otis’s Hall in New London the ensuing winter, and to defray the expences of the same, hereby agree to pay the managers of the sd. assembly the sum of eight dollars each on receiving our tickets.” It is signed by forty-three men. A rare broadside. OCLC locates one copy at the Library of Congress. Not in Evans or ESTC. The present broadside originated in a group of papers from the Dudley Saltonstall family. OCLC 171184563. $5000.

Signer of the Constitution, Burr Conspirator, and Black Market Operator

48. Dayton, Jonathan: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM JONATHAN DAYTON TO HIS FATHER, ELIAS DAYTON, REGARDING THE CATTLE TRADE AND OTHER TRADE, PROBABLY SMUGGLING, AROUND NEW YORK AT THE END OF THE REVOLUTION]. Elizabethtown. June 8, 1782. [2]pp. plus integral address leaf. Folio. Old fold lines. Lightly soiled, slight separation at some folds. Outer edge portion of address leaf (about an inch wide) lacking, not affecting text. Small repairs to fold of address leaf. Very good. In a blue half morocco and cloth clamshell case, spine gilt.

Jonathan Dayton writes to his father, Col. Elias Dayton, regarding the trading and movement of cattle during final days of the American Revolution. Jonathan Dayton, politician from New Jersey and namesake of the town in Ohio, was the youngest delegate to the Constitutional Convention and the youngest signer of the Constitution, being only twenty-six at the time. He was elected to several terms in Congress and held important political offices, in addition to dabbling in land and securities speculation. There seems to be no question that Dayton played a significant, albeit minor, role in the Burr Conspiracy, a plot to encourage the western states to secede and together invade Texas, thereby carving out an independent nation in the west. Though he was acquitted, this and other incidents led to poor public perception of Dayton in the later years of his life. In this letter, Dayton describes the way in which some of the militia are as- serting themselves on behalf of a local farmer, Aaron Winant, serving as a guard for his cattle. In fact, there seems to have been a good deal of trade between the lines, with the war effectively over; and Dayton’s statements about the New York trade and goods as well as cattle moving back and forth suggest Dayton was running a neat little black market operation. The letter was sent by way of William Shute (mentioned in the text), who served with Jonathan Dayton in the New Jersey militia. Dayton writes:

Dear Sir, I have some reason to expect dispatches from the other side for Gordon & Asgill tomorrow morning if any one can go for them. The twelve month men, a few of whom are now here, will suffer no one to pass but whom they all are pleased with & act rather as a guard & cover to Aaron Winant, in sending over cattle than in any other capacity. When cattle are to be sent, they either place a guard at the point or send an arm’d boat by way of cover; if a party goes down to catch Winant’s oxen, the years men immediately secure their boat & say they have orders from Capt. Craig to seize & collect them all. By this means the trade is very effectually guarded & every one who wishes, prevented from checking it. Hendrix has formed a plan to take in the New York trade & those interested with them on this side. The goods are getting ready in New York & will come out with in five or six days. He has been here this day to acquaint me with it. Cannot a party of about 15 men be sent down on Tuesday morning under Billy Shute? It will be necessary for the execution of Hendrix’s plan for preventing the impositions before mentioned as well as for other good reasons. The expectation of an attempt from the enemy to carry off the cattle from the pastures along the different points should likewise have its weight. Shute wishes to come & I should prefer him to any one else. He carries this letter, & will deliver you a paper of yesterday. They seem to be of opinion on Staaten [sic] Island that Lippenent will be hanged in the city. The refugee news corps are all ordered from Staaten Island to Powles Hook & it is expected will move tomorrow. Two British regts. are to be added to the one now there for the protection of the Island. This will contribute much to the safety of the people situated along the lines. $1500.

Rare Letter of a Famous Revolutionary General

49. De Kalb, Johann, Baron: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM THE BARON DE KALB TO COLONEL CHARLES PET- TIT, REGARDING SUPPLIES FOR THE ARMY]. At Camp near Col. Humphrey’s. Sept. 22, 1778. [1]p. plus integral address leaf. Quarto, on a folded folio sheet. Light soiling and toning. Silked on blank side of sheet, reinforced at central fold. Good. In a half morocco and marbled boards clamshell box, leather labels.

Continental General Baron de Kalb writes to the quartermaster general, Colonel Charles Pettit, notifying Pettit of his movements and noting that he is conserving fodder as per the quartermaster’s request. De Kalb was a member of the French army who came across with the Marquis de Lafayette when the French entered into the Revolution in 1777. He served with the Continental Army until his death at the Battle of Camden on August 16, 1780. The Battle of Monmouth on June 28, 1778 was the last major confrontation in the North. The Continental Army was quartered at Fredericksburg, New York, and charged with harassing British troops and foraging parties sent from New York City. Charles Pettit (1736-1806) had recently been appointed deputy quartermaster general in charge of supplies and the accounting thereof. Baron de Kalb, encamped near Fishkill, New York, received marching orders from both Alexander Hamilton and General Washington, and drops both names in the letter, apparently to impress the quartermaster with the importance of his mission:

Sir, The letter I received last evening from Col. Hamilton induced me to take the road. I marched my division, which movement is also agreeable to the orders I received today by a letter from His Excellency. I had already past Col. Vandebrugh when I got it. Upon the whole I think I am encamped so as His Excellency directed me, 11 miles & a half from Fishkill Town on the road leading to Sharon and Boston, on a convenient tolerable high ground, the said road in the rear and fish creek in front. There are some good pastures, I shall confine out horses to them to save the dry forage as you desire.

The British had sent out two large foraging parties – five thousand men under Cornwallis on the west bank of the Hudson and three thousand under Knyphausen on the east – and De Kalb’s was one of several small bodies of troops detached to harass them. De Kalb is a very rare autograph: only four autograph letters have appeared at auction in the last thirty-five years, realizing from $6000 to $32,400 depending on when the sales took place and the interest of the contents. $10,000.

The Dedication Copy of an Important Constitutional Work

50. De Lolme, Jean Louis: THE CONSTITUTION OF ENGLAND, OR AN ACCOUNT OF THE ENGLISH GOVERNMENT; IN WHICH IT IS COMPARED WITH THE REPUBLICAN FORM OF GOV- ERNMENT, AND OCCASIONALLY WITH THE OTHER MON- ARCHIES IN EUROPE. London. 1775. [2],vii,448pp. Contemporary calf, generously gilt, leather label. Corners bumped, head and foot of spine chipped, hinges cracked. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Contemporary ownership inscription on front fly leaf. Very minor scattered foxing, but generally quite clean and fresh internally. Very good. In a cloth folder, leather label.

The dedication copy, on large paper, bearing the ownership signature of “A. Bertie” on the front free endpaper. De Lolme dedicated his book to Willoughby Bertie, the Earl of Abingdon who, from his seat in the House of Lords, was a vocal critic of the North Administration’s American policies. First English language edition. An important work on the British Consti- tution and system of government written by Swiss-born Jean Louis De Lolme, first published in French in 1771. De Lolme became involved in local politics in Geneva, which sparked a lifelong interest in politics and governance. “De Lolme now began a lifetime’s study of the British government. His interest in this subject was stimulated, he later claimed, by the peculiarity of the system and by his earlier political experiences, which had given him ‘insight into the first real principles of governments.’ His views were heavily influenced by Montesquieu, whose writing he had encountered in Geneva. In 1769 he began work on a major study of the British constitution that aimed to show the benefits of a balanced constitution, and claimed to have identified in British government the practical means by which freedom could be reconciled with political stability. He praised the jury system in particular, and admired the way in which monarchical authority had been effectively and beneficially limited by the settlement of 1688” – DNB. His work was very successful and went through many editions. ESTC T109935. $3000.

A Huge and Magnificent Early Map of the Mississippi

51. Des Barres, J.F.W.: MISSISSIPPI RIVER FROM IBERVILLE TO YAZOUS. London: J.F.W. Des Barres in the The Atlantic Neptune, 1st Jany. 1779. Copper-engraved map, on two joined sheets, with original wash color. Sheet size: 65 x 25¼ inches. Very good.

A very rare and highly important chart of the Mississippi River, from The Atlantic Neptune, the celebrated first British sea atlas of the American colonies. This map is one of the scarcest and most fascinating charts from Des Barres’ Atlantic Neptune, and is the finest map of the region to be produced in the 18th century. This chart was often missing from editions of the Neptune, and today very rarely appears on the market. This very elegant map charts the Mississippi River, as it forms curves around the numerous oxbows, from the site of modern- day Vicksburg, Mississippi in the north, down past Baton Rouge, Louisiana in the south. The quality of the wash color and the aquatint shading used on the map creates a most elegant aesthetic, distinguishing Des Barres’ work for all contemporary cartographers. The present example is the second of two variants of this map that were produced. This chart was drafted during an especially fascinating and tumultuous time in the region’s history. Most of the east bank of the river was under the auspices of Great Britain, having been ceded by Spain in the Treaty of Paris in 1763. In the same treaty, Spain was given control of New Orleans and the territory to the west of the river. In 1779, the year this map was printed, Spain actively sided with the Americans in the Revolutionary War. That year, the British outpost of Fort New Richmond, located on the site of Baton Rouge, was seized by the Spanish governor of Louisiana, Don Bernardo de Galvez. At the conclusion of the war, in 1783, the territory east of the Mississippi was awarded to the United States. While Des Barres’ plan is far more detailed and on a larger scale, his primary source for his work was the Course of the Mississipi, by Lieutenant John Ross, printed in London by Sayer & Bennett in 1776. In 1765, Ross was sent on an expedition up the river as far as Illinois, and after his return he created a manuscript map that added observations gleaned on his own surveys to the most recent French geographical information, especially that contained on the D’Anville map. One will notice that the east bank features far more detail than the opposing side, as Ross and other British surveyors were technically only permitted to explore the British side of the river. In the center of the map is “Natches,” currently celebrated for its great mansions, and for being one of the most beautiful towns in the South. Further down the river, the French settlement of Pointe Coupée, with its church and fort, is depicted on the map. Further down, a series of buildings marks the sight of Fort New Richmond, where the river meets a bayou named after the founder of New Orleans, the Sieur d’Iberville. This east bank features the outlines of numerous British land grants that in most cases were not settled upon the outbreak of the Revolution. Joseph Frederick Wallet Des Barres was born in Switzerland, where his Hu- guenot ancestors had fled following the repeal of the Edict of Nantes. He studied under the great mathematician, Daniel Bernoulli, at the University of Basel, before immigrating to Britain, where he trained at the Royal Military College, Woolwich. Upon the outbreak of hostilities with France in 1756, he joined the British Royal American Regiment as a military engineer. He came to the attention of General James Wolfe, who appointed him to join his personal detail. During this period he also worked with the legendary future explorer, James Cook, on a monumental chart of the St. Lawrence River. Upon the conclusion of the Seven Years’ War, Britain’s empire in North America was greatly expanded, and this required the creation of a master atlas featuring new and accurate sea charts for use by the Royal Navy. Des Barres was enlisted to survey the coastlines of Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. With these extremely accurate surveys in hand, Des Barres returned to London in 1774, where the Royal Navy charged him with the Herculean task of producing the atlas. He was gradually forwarded the manuscripts of numerous advanced surveys conducted by British cartographers in the American Colonies, Jamaica, and Cuba, of which the present map is based on the work of Samuel Holland, conducted in the 1760s. The result was The Atlantic Neptune, which became the most celebrated sea atlas of its era, containing the first systematic survey of the east coast of North America. Des Barres’ synergy of great empirical accuracy with the peerless artistic virtue of his aquatint views, created a work that “has been described as the most splendid collection of charts, plates and views ever published” (NMM Catalogue). The Neptune eventually consisted of four volumes, and Des Barres’ dedication to the project was so strong, often at his own expense he continually updated and added new charts and views to various editions up until 1784, producing over 250 charts and views, many appearing in several variations. All of these charts were immensely detailed, featuring both hydrographical and topographical information, such that in many cases they remained the most authori- tative maps of the regions covered for several decades. Following the completion of the Neptune, Des Barres returned to Canada, where he remained for a further forty years, becoming a senior political figure and a wealthy land owner, living to the advanced age of 103. NMM CATALOGUE III:143, p.384. SELLERS & VAN EE, MAPS AND CHARTS OF NORTH AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES 791. NMM, HENRY NEWTON STEVENS COLLECTION 172B. $37,500.

Stitched As Issued

52. Dickinson, John: A SPEECH, DELIVERED IN THE HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY OF THE PROVINCE OF PENNSYLVANIA, MAY 24th, 1764. BY...ONE OF THE MEMBERS FOR THE COUN- TY OF PHILADELPHIA. ON OCCASION OF A PETITION, DRAWN UP BY ORDER, AND THEN UNDER CONSIDER- ATION, OF THE HOUSE; PRAYING HIS MAJESTY FOR A CHANGE OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THIS PROVINCE.... Philadelphia: Printed and Sold by William Bradford..., 1764. xii,30pp. Gath- ered signatures, string-tied as issued. Light tanning, most pronounced on titlepage and preface leaves. Very good. Untrimmed and unopened. In a half morocco box.

First edition of this important speech by Dickinson, delivered at an early point in his career as a proponent of American liberties. This speech was occasioned by the controversy over the government of Pennsylvania, with Benjamin Franklin and Joseph Galloway arguing that the proprietary government of the colony should be replaced by Parliamentary action. Dickinson, already growing fearful of Parliamentary power, opposed the change, fearing the imposition of a royal government that could be even more pernicious to freedoms in the colony. “‘Mr. Dickinson reasons like a man of extraordinary good sense, with the knowledge of an able politician, and the pleasing flow of an accomplished orator.’ – M. Rev....” – Sabin. “The ‘Preface’ is by William Smith, provost of the College of Philadelphia, according to a list of his writings in his own hand in the Brinton Papers in the Historical Society of Pennsylvania” – Adams. A second edition of Dickinson’s speech was also printed by Bradford in 1764, and there seems to be some confusion over the pagination of the first edition. Our copy is the first edition (without “Second Edition” on the titlepage) and is in original untrimmed and unopened condition, with the text ending on page 30, with “finis” at the bottom of that page and a blank conjugate leaf following. However, some authorities (specifically Sabin and Howes, perhaps confusing this speech with Dickinson’s reply to a speech of Joseph Galloway) contend that the first edition should have forty-five pages, which seems to us to be an error on their part. EVANS 9641. NAIP w029473. HILDEBURN 1978. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 64-5a. HOWES D334. SABIN 20049. $8500. Du Simitiere’s Portraits of American Leaders

53. Du Simitiere, Pierre Eugene: PORTRAITS OF THE GENERALS, MINISTERS, MAGISTRATES, MEMBERS OF CONGRESS, AND OTHERS, WHO HAVE RENDERED THEMSELVES ILLUSTRI- OUS IN THE REVOLUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF NORTH AMERICA. DRAWN FROM LIFE BY M. DUSIMITIER [sic], PAINTER, AND MEMBER OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL SO- CIETY OF PHILADELPHIA. AND ENGRAVED BY THE MOST EMINENT ARTISTS IN LONDON. London: Published by R. Wilkin- son and J. Debrett, 1783. Letterpress title (verso blank), 1p. “Advertisement” (verso blank). Twelve stipple-engraved portraits on heavy paper. Quarto. Mod- ern calf-backed marbled boards, red leather label, early marbled pastedowns and free endpapers. Each plate numbered in ink at the upper outer corner by a single early hand. Very good. Provenance: Herbert T. Calmus (bookplate).

Du Simitiere was a native of Switzerland who emigrated to America in 1766. He was an ardent supporter of the Revolution and was among the first to collect material on the history of the war. He furthered his collection by producing a series of portraits of American leaders. Thirteen of these were published in Paris in 1781 and were also issued separately. English language editions of the Paris series were issued in London in 1783, the subject of much bibliographical confusion. The sequence would seem to be that the French series of thirteen was re-engraved and issued by publisher W. Richardson on May 10, 1783 under the title, Thirteen Portraits of American Legislators, Patriots, and Soldiers.... Benedict Arnold was still included as a patriot in this issue, as he had not defected at the time Du Simitiere sent the originals to Paris. The present title, issued by publishers Wilkinson and Debrett, is not a reissue of the Richardson edition, but an entirely new edition, the plates with Wilkinson’s imprint dated May 15, 1783. This series of portraits appears in a different order than that in the Rich- ardson edition and excludes Arnold, reducing the number to twelve. The portraits are of Washington, Henry Laurens, John Jay, Samuel Huntington, Charles Thomson, W.H. Drayton, Silas Deane, Joseph Reed, Gouverneur Morris, Baron Steuben, John Dickinson, and Horatio Gates. The caption of the Washington portrait has been corrected in ink in this copy, and the Drayton and Dickinson captions have been corrected with paper overslips. Wilkinson and Debrett evidently reissued this series at a later time and with a new title, Heads of Illustrious Americans..., without a date. This copy bears the bookplate of Herbert T. Calmus, co-founder of the Technicolor corporation. A rare and important series of portraits. None of the standard bibli- ographies name this edition by title, and OCLC locates a total of only eight copies. OCLC 30553762, 601543637, 228760275, 249014469. SABIN 21446 (Richardson ed). HOWES D599 (Richardson ed). $6250. Arguing for American Self-Government at the Time of the Stamp Act

54. Eliot, Andrew: A SERMON PREACHED BEFORE HIS EXCEL- LENCY FRANCIS BERNARD, ESQ; GOVERNOR, THE HON- ORABLE HIS MAJESTY’S COUNCIL, AND THE HONORABLE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, OF THE PROVINCE OF MASSACHUSETTS-BAY IN NEW-ENGLAND, MAY 29th 1765. BEING THE ANNIVERSARY FOR THE ELECTION OF HIS MAJESTY’S COUNCIL FOR THE PROVINCE. Boston: Printed by Green and Russell, 1765. 59pp. Half title. Modern half morocco and marbled boards. Light, even tanning. Very good.

First printing of this powerful and important sermon, delivered to the leaders of the Massachusetts government in the wake of the Stamp Act. A London edition followed later the same year. Eliot was pastor of Boston’s Congregationalist New North Church, and on the surface his sermon seems to be simply a consideration of the qualities of a good ruler, the conditions that make for a peaceful polity, and the duties of the people to their rulers. Upon closer examination, his sermon is a thorough and forceful elucidation of then-current American theories of natural rights and self-government. Alluding to the Stamp Act, Eliot says:

There is nothing that affects men more than when you touch their interest; people in general find it hard to procure the conveniences of life; nothing will sooner alienate their minds from government, than when rulers needlessly deprive them of that which they have dearly earn’d, and wantonly dissipate the public treasures. Rulers ought ever to proceed in this part of their duty with caution and prudence....

He goes on to say that it is never too late for rulers to right the wrongs they have done to the people. However, if said rulers do not act in an enlightened manner and right their wrongs, and instead show that they are “grossly of a contrary character, and pervert their power to tyrannical purposes; submission, if it can be avoided, is so far from being a duty, that it is a crime. It is an offence against the state of which we are members, and whose happiness we ought to prefer to our chief joy. It is an offence against mankind, whose rights we meanly betray.” Bernard Bailyn praises Eliot’s sermon, writing that it infused the increasingly widespread American ideas of natural rights and self-government “with more direct power and gave them new point; for to proclaim from the pulpit in the year of the Stamp Act and before the assembled magistrates of Massachusetts that when tyranny is abroad ‘submission...is a crime’ was an act of political defiance strengthened rather than weakened by the sanction of time and tradition the words had acquired.” While well represented in institutional holdings, Eliot’s speech is quite scarce in the marketplace, and this is the first copy we have ever owned. EVANS 9964. NAIP w031441. SABIN 22124. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 65-8a. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 12a. BAILYN, IDEOLOGICAL ORIGINS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, p.6. $2750.

A Signer Mentions the Stamp Act

55. Ellery, William: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM WILLIAM ELLERY TO HIS DAUGHTER LUCY, OFFERING FATHERLY ADVICE AND MENTIONING THE AGITATION SURROUNDING THE STAMP ACT]. Newport. Sept. 9, 1765. 4pp. Quarto, on a folded folio sheet. Old folds. Lightly soiled. Reinforced at folds with tissue. Good. In a large half morocco and cloth clamshell box, spine gilt.

William Ellery (1727-1820) was a merchant, customs collector, lawyer, and clerk of the Rhode Island General Assembly, as well as a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He was an important leader in the Newport Sons of Liberty, and in 1776 became a member of the Continental Congress. Ellery was intensely loyal to the interests of Rhode Island and the Northeast, and would go on to be a justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court. One of his grandsons was Richard Henry Dana, author of Two Years Before the Mast. A widower, Ellery writes to his twelve-year-old daughter in a display of fine absentee colonial parenting.

My dear child, I am very much pleas’d with your writing to me so often, especially I am pleas’d to see how much you mend in your writing....[In my previous letter] I urged it upon you to tarry at Cambridge the coming winter ...that you would live better at your uncle’s than you will at home; that any advantages in point of behaviour or otherwise that you may have obtain’d will be confirmed; that the precepts & example of the best of women will be more beneficial to you than to live in a house which is almost without a head. In short, my dear, in every point of view it appears to me that it will be much for your pleasure as well as advantage to live this winter with your aunt, that I am sure you can offer no reasonable objection to it. Every opportunity for improvement which offers to you, you should chearfully embrace and perhaps you may never be favour’d with so good an one again. I know you will want to take a game of Newport romps; but a little trifling fun should always give way to solid lasting benefit.

He goes on to mention the trouble aroused by the Stamp Act:

I am sorry to hear that there hath been so much confusion & mischief at Bos- ton; especially that your uncle was threatened, that they were put to so much trouble, & thrown into such a panick. Mobs are indeed dreadfull things. You may see by the last week’s Boston Prints what mischief hath been done here. At present this town is in peace & I hope will remain so.

He writes that Lucy’s siblings are all well excepting her sister, who fell while “abroad against my consent,” injuring her nose. He adds a note of warning: “Children who disobey their parents may expect to meet with many disasters in life.” Her nose is on the mend and she will be learning to spin yarn over the winter, which Ellery urges Lucy to do as well, if possible. $4500.

56. Entick, John: THE GENERAL HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR: CONTAINING IT’S [sic] RISE, PROGRESS, AND EVENT, IN EU- ROPE, ASIA, AFRICA, AND AMERICA. London. 1763-1764. Five volumes. [4],495; 464; 480; 469,[27]pp. plus eight maps and forty (of forty- one) portraits. Contemporary polished calf, spines gilt, leather labels. Rubbed at extremities. Head of spine with minor chipping on three of the volumes. Minor scattered foxing and soiling. Very good.

A survey history of the French and Indian War, with considerable material on the war in North America. A long and detailed work, with extracts from original source material and journals of the time. Includes many excellent engraved portraits of military leaders and folding maps of the British North American colonies, the West Indies, etc. HOWES E165a, “aa.” SABIN 22667. $3000. 57. Faden, William: THE UNITED STATES OF NORTH AMERICA: WITH THE BRITISH TERRITORIES AND THOSE OF SPAIN, ACCORDING TO THE TREATY, OF 1784. London: Wm. Faden, Feb. 11, 1793. Copper-engraved map, with full original color. Sheet size: 24 1/8 x 31 1/8 inches. In excellent condition.

Faden’s sequence of maps of the United States represents one of the most important cartographic depictions of the newly independent republic. The present map is the fifth issue of the fourteen total appellations (including the parent plan and thirteen subsequent issues), and is one of the extremely rare first five appellations of this series which almost never appear on the market. The Faden sequence comprises a critical and fascinating series of historical documents regarding the political development of the United States, especially since each issue captures a distinct stage in America’s process of transformative change. The present map depicts the United States’ boundaries as having been settled by the Treaty of 1784, when in actuality it is referring to the settlement agreed to at the signing of the Treaty of Paris on September 3, 1783, which ended the Revolutionary War. This treaty did not actually come into force until April 1784. This map is based in part on John Mitchell’s A Map of the British and French Dominions in North America (1755) that was used by delegates during the treaty process. While the United States was granted a large territory from the Atlantic to the Mississippi River, and from the northern frontiers of Florida to the Canadian border, this map shows that the settled area of the nation was confined to the former Thirteen Colonies, and the two newly admitted states of Vermont (1791) and Kentucky (1792). Even then, the western boundaries of many of the states, past the Appalachians, are undefined. Although Washington, D.C. was in the process of being laid out, it was not yet built and is absent from the map. One of the most interesting aspects of the map is its label- ing of “Franklinia” or the “New State of Franklin.” This refers to an attempt by settlers in the Great Smoky Mountains to secede from North Carolina and to form a new state. From 1785 to 1789 seven of the states of the Union endorsed the plan, but it failed to achieve the required two-thirds support to be admitted as a state at the Constitutional Convention. Various lands in Kentucky and the future Tennessee are shown to be reserved for war veterans from “Virginia” and “North Carolina.” Another curious appearance is the name of “Indiana” in what is now West Virginia, but nowhere near the future state of that name. Various areas in the southern Midwest are shown to be owned by private land development companies including the “Wabash” and “Ohio” companies. One such enterprise was headed by “Colonel Simmes” [sic], John Cleves Symmes (1742-1814), an eccentric New Jersey magistrate who later wrote a book which theorized that the interior of the earth was both hollow and inhabitable, and could be entered through the poles. In the same treaty Spain received possession of Florida from Britain, and the vast Louisiana Territory from France. In the north, although the treaty was supposed to have settled the boundary with Canada from the Great Plains to the Atlantic, a series of geographic misconceptions left the frontier in a nebulous state. Faden elected to present the extreme British conception of the border in northern Maine, and in the northwest the border was supposed to run west to the source of the Mis- sissippi, when in reality the source was located well to the south. The map also features “The Twenty Leagues Line” located off of the east coast that marked the exclusive maritime jurisdiction of the United States. The composition is completed by an especially finely engraved and colored title cartouche which depicts scenes of commerce in the prosperous new nation. Stevens & Tree, “Comparative Cartography” 80(e) in Tooley, MAPPING OF AMERI- CA. $18,500.

58. [Franklin, Benjamin]: REFLECTIONS ON COURTSHIP AND MARRIAGE: IN TWO LETTERS TO A FRIEND. WHEREIN A PRACTICABLE PLAN IS LAID DOWN FOR OBTAINING AND SECURING CONJUGAL FELICITY. London. 1750. viii,62,[2] pp. 19th-century three-quarter brown morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Hinges and corners rubbed. Negligible soiling. Very good. Untrimmed.

First British edition of a noted 18th-century American marriage manual. Although previously attributed to Franklin by Hildeburn, Sabin, Ford, and others, current scholarship does not believe the work to have been authored by him, though Franklin did first publish it in 1746. According to the Franklin Papers III, 74: “the pamphlet’s style is too unlike Franklin’s to ascribe it to him.” Fewer than ten copies of this edition in ESTC. ESTC T170913. MILLER 408. FORD 57 (“Dr. Benjamin Rush states that this is by Franklin...”). SABIN 68692. $6500.

59. [Franklin, Benjamin]: [American Newspaper]: THE PENNSYLVA- NIA GAZETTE. Numb. 1856. Philadelphia: Printed by B. Franklin, Post- Master, and D. Hall, July 19, 1764. 2 leaves. Folio. Dbd. from a larger volume. Small hole affecting a few characters, else very good.

The whole of the front page is given to the 1764 annual report of the “State of Pennsylvania Hospital,” one of Franklin’s most important and absorbing projects. Included are accounts of receipts and expenditures, and inventory of capital stock, a list of new contributors, and a tabular abstract of patients treated from May 1, 1763 to May 1, 1764. The most common complaints during this year were ulcers (seventy cases) and lunacy (sixty-nine cases). In all, 400 patients were admitted, of which 224 were cured, twenty-five “relieved,” two pronounced incurable, five taken out by their friends, eight escaped or irregularly discharged, and thirty-nine died; ninety-seven remained in the Hospital. MILLER 814. BRIGHAM II, pp.933-37. $2000.

60. [Franklin, Benjamin]: BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. NÉ À BOSTON, DANS LA NOUVELLE ANGLETERRE LE 17 JANVIER 1706 [caption title]. [Augsburg: Johann Martin Will, ca. 1778]. Mezzotint portrait, 13¾ x 10¼ inches. Trimmed, but not too closely. Small closed tear at top edge of image, barely perceptible. Quite clean. Very good.

Portrait of Benjamin Franklin engraved by Johann Martin Will after the original image by Charles-Nicolas Cochin. The portrait shows Franklin standing, wearing a fur hat and spectacles, facing right in three-quarter length profile. In his right hand he holds a folded sheet of paper, while his left hand rests atop another folded sheet on a table; an ink stand, quill, and pen knife are also present, along with wax and a seal. The original engraving by Cochin merely shows Franklin’s head, topped with his famous fur hat, but many imitators embraced this image after its initial publication. Franklin’s portrait was created upon his arrival in France as a commissioner from the newly independent United States. Sellers says of the image: “Because of it, the sensational fact of Franklin’s arrival in France and the sensational costume which so effectively dramatized his role as envoy from the New World to the Old reached every part of Europe, creating an image of tremendous value to Franklin’s purpose.” A fine variant of this iconic and historically important image. SELLERS, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN IN PORTRAITURE, pp.227-31. $3750. 61. [Franklin, Benjamin]: D. BENIAMIN FRAENCKLIN. GRAND COMISSAIRE PLENIPOTENTIAIRE DU CONGRES D’AMERIQUE EN FRANCE NÉ À BOSTON 1706. EN 17 JAN- VIER [caption title]. London: Thomas Hart, [ca. 1778]. Mezzotint portrait, 9¼ x 6¾ inches. Matted and framed to 15¾ x 12½ inches. Near fine.

Portrait of Benjamin Franklin engraved by Thomas Hart after the original image by Charles-Nicolas Cochin. The portrait shows Franklin from the chest up, in his famous fur hat and spectacles, facing left, framed by an oval. In his left hand he holds a folded sheet of paper. The original engraving by Cochin merely shows Franklin’s head, topped with his famous fur hat, but many imitators embraced this image after its initial publication. Franklin’s portrait was created upon his arrival in France as a commissioner from the newly independent United States. Sellers says of the image: “Because of it, the sensational fact of Franklin’s arrival in France and the sensational costume which so effectively dramatized his role as envoy from the New World to the Old reached every part of Europe, creating an image of tremendous value to Franklin’s purpose.” A variant of this iconic and historically important image. SELLERS, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN IN PORTRAITURE, pp.227-31. $3750.

Franklin Escorted by Lady Liberty

62. [Franklin, Benjamin]: [PORTION OF THE PRINTED TEXTILE DEPICTING The Apotheosis of Franklin]. [England. ca. 1785]. 13½ x 11 inches. Framed. Printed on cotton in brown ink. Contemporary cloth border, stitched. Lightly soiled. Very good.

Portion of a larger printed textile entitled “The Apotheosis of Franklin,” this piece shows Franklin standing next to Lady Liberty, each of them holding one end of a banner which reads “Where Liberty is, there dwells my country.” In his other hand, Franklin holds a scroll; Liberty holds a pole with a liberty cap perched atop it. The further images on the textile (not present here) show Washington driving a chariot drawn by leopards, with an allegorical figure of America seated beside him holding a plaque which reads “American Independance [sic] 1776.” Ahead of Washington’s chariot, two Indians bear trumpets draped with flags of the Revolu- tion. The Liberty Tree and two putti holding a map of America are also featured. A full panel of the cloth measures thirty-six inches wide and could be purchased by the yard, in a repeating fashion. This textile probably came from the collection of celebrated Americanist R.H.T. Halsey, one of the founders of the American Wing of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. THREADS OF HISTORY 8. $5000. Item 62

Signed by Franklin as President of Pennsylvania

63. Franklin, Benjamin: [MANUSCRIPT PETITION TO BENJA- MIN FRANKLIN, SIGNED BY FRANKLIN AS PRESIDENT OF THE SUPREME EXECUTIVE COUNCIL OF THE COMMON- WEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, FROM PHILADELPHIA MER- CHANTS JOSIAH WILLARD AND WILLIAM GIBBS, REGARD- ING A DEBT OWED THEM BY ONE WILLIAM TILTON OF PITTSBURGH]. Philadelphia. Jan. 25, 1788. [2]pp. on a folio sheet. Signed by Franklin on the bottom of the verso. Sheet lightly tanned, some greater darkening around the portion of Franklin’s signature. Small strip of tissue along one of the vertical edges. Very good, in a half morocco box.

An attractive example of Benjamin Franklin’s signature from late in his life, when he served as President of the Supreme Executive Council of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. This document is signed by Franklin on the verso. Elected to the Council in October 1785 and chosen its president, this position made Franklin, in effect, the governor of Pennsylvania, and he held the position until October 1788. He signed this document in that official capacity in January 1788, some eight months before the end of his tenure – his last position of public office before his death in 1790. Franklin’s signature appears at the conclusion of a petition to the Supreme Executive Council from two Philadelphians, who were owed a large sum of money by a merchant of Pittsburgh. The petition asserts that William Tilton, formerly a merchant of Philadelphia but now doing business in Pittsburgh, was indebted to Willard and Gibbs “in the sum of two hundred pounds & upwards.” Tilton declared bankruptcy on January 25, 1788. Willard and Gibbs ask the Supreme Executive Council of the Common- wealth to form a commission to investigate the matter, to inspect Tilton’s “body, lands, tenements, freeholds, and customary goods” to determine the extent of his liquidity in order to pay his creditors. Such an action was stipulated by Pennsylvania statutes in cases of bankruptcy. Below the petition, in the hand of Franklin’s grandson, William Temple Franklin, is a manuscript note creating a commission consisting of Richard Bache (Franklin’s son-in-law), Mathew Clarkson, George Hughes, Peter Boynton, and David Lenox. The document has been signed by Franklin beside this authorization, in the lower right corner of the verso of the document: “B. Franklin Presd.” $15,000.

A Guide for Youth from Ben

64. Franklin, Benjamin: MEMOIRES DE LA VIE PRIVEE DE BEN- JAMIN FRANKLIN, ECRITS PAR LUI-MEME, ET ADRESSES A SON FILS.... Paris: Chez Buisson, 1791. vi,156,[207]pp. (pp.204-207 mis- numbered 360-363). Contemporary half red morocco and blue paper boards, vellum outer corners, spine richly gilt. Boards scuffed and edgeworn, bookplates on front and rear pastedowns. Bottom inch of titlepage neatly excised, not affecting the imprint. A touch of light foxing. A good plus copy.

First edition, preceding any English-language printing, of Franklin’s autobiography. This is certainly Franklin’s best known book, and a classic Americanum in which he tells the story of his climb, through thrift and frugality, from poverty to success and influence. It is also one of the best pictures of life in Philadelphia during his youth and middle age. Franklin is remarkably candid throughout the work about people with whom he was involved and his own motives for his actions. The first British edition appeared in 1793, followed by the first American printing in 1794. HOWES F323, “b.” STREETER SALE 4171. FORD 383. GROLIER AMERICAN 100, 21. SABIN 25549. $3000.

Washington on the Ohio

65. [French and Indian War]: STATE OF THE BRITISH AND FRENCH COLONIES IN NORTH AMERICA, WITH RESPECT TO NUM- BER OF PEOPLE, FORCES, FORTS, INDIANS, TRADE AND OTHER ADVANTAGES.... London. 1755. [2],190 [i.e. 150]pp. Modern three-quarter speckled calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Quite clean internally. Very good plus.

An important pamphlet, written as two letters, placing the blame for the situa- tion in North America on the bad management in America as well as Europe, and including remarks on Washington’s mission to the Ohio and the importance of that region and the claims of the French, with some material on Nova Scotia. The anonymous author draws upon the writings of Archibald Kennedy and Cadwal- lader Colden, and on Franklin’s Observations Upon the Increase of Mankind (then circulating in manuscript, but as yet unpublished) and William Smith’s Brief State of Pennsylvania. John Huske was incensed by the present work, especially by the author’s impartiality and the criticism of the British colonists’ treatment of the Indians, and voiced his anger in his Present State of North America, published the same year. “This anonymous work is a calm and dispassionate statement of the case of England against the encirclement policy of France....In emphasizing the importance of the Indians to the English, the author exposes the abuses which the Indians had suffered at the hands of the colonists” – Streeter. The present copy is without the map, not found in all copies. Quite rare. BELL S474. DIONNE II:507. GAGNON II:2042. HOWES S903, “b.” SABIN 90601. JCB I:1092. STREETER SALE 1011. LANDE 809. VLACH 698. TPL 241. WROTH, AMERICAN BOOKSHELF, pp.22-23, 41. $4000.

Poking Fun at the Peacemakers

66. [French and Indian War]: THE GAME OF HUM, INVENTED BY THE SCOTCH & FRENCH GAMESTERS [caption title]. [London]: Pub’d. accord’g to the bad act of Britains enemies, [1762]. Engraving, 8 x 11½ inches (plate mark), on a 10 x 14¾-inch sheet. A bit worn around edges. Some light soiling. Very good.

A very rare satire on the diplomacy that led to the Treaty of Paris concluding the French and Indian War. This print is highly critical of the activities and motiva- tions of the Earl of Bute, the Scotsman who served as British Prime Minister in 1762-63 and under whose administration the negotiations took place. In the image a number of card players are seated around a table. Bute’s back is to the viewer, and he sits in a chair adorned with a Scottish thistle. He holds a king and queen of hearts in his hands, symbolic of King George III and his new wife, and says, “I have King & Queen of hearts under my thumb & I’ll play with em as I please.” Also at the table and commenting on the crooked game are the Duke of Bedford (the English Ambassador to France who concluded the treaty) and other supposedly corrupt participants in the game. Standing on the edges of the scene are three figures critical of the game, including former Prime Minister William Pitt, who was one of the leaders of the British government in the 1750s and who devised British strategy in the French and Indian War (known on the continent as the Seven Years’ War). Pitt says, “I never held a Knave in my hand once, nor played a foul trick & always took care of my Kings.” This is the earliest state of this satirical print, designated as number “5” in the upper right corner. In 1765 the same image appeared in a volume containing satirical prints called The Scots Scourge, where it was number “9.” BM POLITICAL AND PERSONAL SATIRES 3935. OCLC 642164037 (ref ). $1750.

Very Rare Early History of the War

67. [French and Indian War]: A COMPLETE HISTORY OF THE ORIGIN AND PROGRESS OF THE LATE WAR, FROM ITS COMMENCEMENT, TO THE EXCHANGE OF THE RATIFI- CATIONS OF PEACE, BETWEEN GREAT-BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND SPAIN.... London. 1763. Two volumes. [4],358; [2],[359]-771pp. Contemporary speckled calf, spines gilt, leather label. Extremities rubbed, tops of spines heavily worn and chipped, boards lightly scuffed and soiled. Contemporary bookplate on front pastedowns. Some light soiling to first and last few leaves, but generally quite clean internally. Very good.

First edition of this early history of the French and Indian War, from the origin and progress of the war, to the Treaty of Paris signed February 10, 1763. There is extensive coverage of the war in North America. The Treaty of Paris marks the beginning of Britain’s dominance in North America. Rare in the market. HOWES C653, “aa.” TPL 359. SABIN 15057. $11,000.

Signed by Edmund Randolph as Secretary of State

68. [French Immigrants]: [Randolph, Edmund]: THIRD CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES...AN ACT TO AUTHORIZE A GRANT OF LANDS TO THE FRENCH INHABITANTS OF GALLI- OPOLIS [sic], AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES THEREIN MEN- TIONED [caption title]. Philadelphia. 1795. [2]pp. Folio. Old fold lines. Some minor toning and foxing. Very good.

An act passed by the Third Congress granting land to French aristocrats who fled to Ohio in order to escape the guillotine. This act outlines the boundaries of the tract of land granted to them by the United States government, on the banks of the Ohio River, totaling 24,000 acres. The village of Gallipolis still exists today, and is the seat of Gallia County. “Approved, March the third, 1795” and signed in print by Speaker of the House Frederick Augustus Muhlenberg, President of the Senate Pro Tempore Henry Taze- well, and President George Washington. This printing also includes a statement of deposition, “Deposited among the rolls in the Office of the Secretary of State. Secretary of State,” and is signed by Secretary of State Edmund Randolph. Two states of the acts are often noted, both with and without the statement of deposition; NAIP identifies only one copy, at the Library of Congress. Scarce in either format, and particularly rare with the signature of the Secretary of State. Edmund Randolph became the second Secretary of State on Jan. 2, 1794, succeeding Thomas Jefferson, who resigned at the end of 1793. He continued the practice begun in the First Congress of the Secretary of State signing a small number of “official” copies of Congressional acts for distribution to the States and important government officials. After the Third Congress, official acts were no longer signed in manuscript by the Secretary of State. EVANS 29702. NAIP w017628. $1250.

69. Galbraith, Thomas [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM THOMAS GALBRAITH TO GENERAL EDWARD HAND, COMPLAINING OF THE MILITARY’S DEPREDATIONS TO HIS PROPERTY]. [Squirrel Hill Farm, Pa.]. Jan. 15, 1778. [1]p., docketed on verso. Folio. Some loss to right margin, repaired, affecting a few words of text; small loss to left margin, repaired, not affecting text. Bottom of sheet trimmed, affecting postscript. Washed and pressed; silked on verso. Fair. In a half morocco box.

Thomas Galbraith writes to General Edward Hand, stationed at Fort Pitt, decrying the damage to his property caused by the militia stationed at Palmers Fort. He writes:

My farm at Squirrel Hill hath been this Fall their place of calling at when out on scout or on their necessary occasions to their farms. My fencing is burnt & the fields laid open, the house pillaged of the farming utensils, the grain of which there was a large quantity left a prey to cattle. When I heard militia being stationed on the frontiers by your approbation, I considered my property as safe. Unless I have satisfaction made, in a regular way, it will make no odds to me whether the enemy destroys my property or the militia takes it by violence or robbery at a time when I am rendering my personal services to my county.

The services to which Galbraith refers concerned property destruction of his own. Galbraith was appointed an agent of Forfeited Estates in October 1777, and in that capacity he confiscated the properties of Loyalists in Westmoreland County. $1500.

70. Galloway, Joseph: THE SPEECH OF JOSEPH GALLOWAY, ESQ; ONE OF THE MEMBERS FOR PHILADELPHIA COUNTY: IN ANSWER TO THE SPEECH OF JOHN DICKINSON, ESQ; DELIVERED IN THE HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY, OF THE PROV- INCE OF PENNSYLVANIA, MAY 24, 1764. ON OCCASION OF A PETITION DRAWN UP BY ORDER AND THEN UNDER THE CONSIDERATION OF THE HOUSE; PRAYING HIS MAJESTY FOR A ROYAL, IN LIEU OF A PROPRIETARY GOVERNMENT. Philadelphia: Printed and sold by W. Dunlap, 1764. xxxv,[5],45pp. 19th-century half calf and marbled boards. Bookplate on front pastedown and fly leaf. Ink stamp of John Carter Brown on p. iii. Light foxing and soiling, confined primarily to exterior leaves. Good. In a blue half morocco and cloth folder.

This copy bears the ownership signature of James Kinsey on the titlepage. Kinsey (1731-1803) was a supporter of American independence and a prominent Quaker. His refusal to sign an oath of allegiance led him to resign his position in the Continental Congress, where he served from 1774 to 1775. Kinsey was appointed Chief Justice of the New Jersey Supreme Court in 1789 and served in that position until his death. Joseph Galloway was one of the leaders of the Pennsylvania Assembly, and a close ally of Benjamin Franklin. Through this speech and other measures he won the support of the Assembly for a petition to King George III pleading that the proprietary governors of Pennsylvania be replaced by direct royal government. Gal- loway would go on to become the most prominent American Loyalist during the Revolution. John Dickinson, whose speech prompted this response from Galloway, would go on to write Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania..., the most important document of the Stamp Act crisis. “The ‘Preface’ of 35 pages, was written by Franklin, and is a very bitter attack on the Penns and their partizans [sic]” – Ford. This first printing of Galloway’s speech is scarce. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 64-8a. FORD, FRANKLIN 280. SABIN 26444. EV- ANS 9671. HOWES G50, “aa.” HILDEBURN 1996. ANB 8, pp.657-59. $6000.

71. [Galloway, Joseph]: A CANDID EXAMINATION OF THE MU- TUAL CLAIMS OF GREAT-BRITAIN, AND THE COLONIES: WITH A PLAN OF ACCOMMODATION, ON CONSTITU- TIONAL PRINCIPLES. [London]: G. Wilkie, 1780. 116pp. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. A few leaves lightly soiled. Very good. In a blue half morocco and cloth folder.

First British edition of this influential Tory pamphlet. “One of the most famous Tory tracts, upholding unlimited parliamentary supremacy” – Howes. This British edition includes Galloway’s A Reply to an Address to the Author of...“A Candid Ex- amination...,” of which practically all copies of the original edition were destroyed by a New York mob. HOWES G34. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 75-51b. SABIN 26422. $1000.

72. [Galloway, Joseph]: A REPLY TO THE OBSERVATIONS OF LIEUT. GEN. SIR WILLIAM HOWE, ON A PAMPHLET, EN- TITLED LETTERS TO A NOBLEMAN: IN WHICH HIS MIS- REPRESENTATIONS ARE DETECTED, AND THOSE LET- TERS ARE SUPPORTED...TO WHICH IS ADDED AN APPEN- DIX, CONTAINING, I. A LETTER TO SIR WILLIAM HOWE... II. A LETTER FROM MR. KIRK TO SIR WILLIAM HOWE... III. A LETTER FROM A COMMITTEE TO THE PRESIDENT... ON THE STATE OF THE REBEL ARMY AT VALLEY FORGE.... London: G. Wilkie, 1781. [4],157,[2]pp. Half title. Contemporary blue paper wrappers. Spine partially perished, wrappers lightly soiled. Internally quite clean. Very good. Untrimmed. In a red half morocco and cloth slipcase.

Second London edition, with additions, after the very rare New York printing of 1777 (most copies of that edition were destroyed by a New York mob) and the first London edition of 1780. Galloway, former Loyalist “Superintendent” of Phila- delphia during the British occupation of 1777-78, herein replies to Gen. Howe’s Observations..., preaching to him on how he could have won the war. In spite of its combative tone, the pamphlet does provide important details on the Revolution in 1777-78, the nature of the countryside, etc. Galloway attacks Howe’s claim that he was forced to fight in forests by stating that at least two-thirds, and in many places five-sixths, of the terrain in question was cleared farmland. HOWES G47. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 80-35b. SABIN 26443. $900.

73. George, Daniel: AN ALMANACK, FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD AND SAVIOUR CHRIST, 1779. BEING THE THIRD AFTER BISSEXTILE, OR LEAP YEAR, AND THE THIRD OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. Newburyport: Printed and sold by John Mycall, and Draper & Folsom of Boston, [1778]. [24]pp. 12mo. Dbd. Lightly and evenly tanned. Very good.

A Revolutionary-era Massachusetts almanac compiled by Daniel George, a former student of astronomy at Haverhill who issued New England almanacs in various Massachusetts towns between 1776 and 1787. The present almanac is one of two states identified by Drake, here with the printer’s name as “John Mycall” rather than “J. Mycall.” An almanac identical in content was also published in Boston by Draper & Folsom. In addition to the calendar for the year, the almanac includes “a variety of matter, useful and entertaining” such as “the grand pilgrimage to Mecca,” a fable on “the danger of exorbitant taxes,” and receipts for the jaundice and the dropsy. DRAKE 3277 (with “John Mycall” in imprint). EVANS 15809. NAIP w037174. $850.

Gerry Bored at the Constitutional Convention, While Alexander Hamilton Draws Up His Will: “I am as sick of being here as you can conceive...”

74. Gerry, Elbridge: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM EL- BRIDGE GERRY TO HIS WIFE ANN, MENTIONING THE DRAWING UP OF HIS WILL AND THE TEDIUM OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION]. Philadelphia. Aug. 21, 1778 [i.e. 1787]. 4pp. Quarto, on a folded folio sheet. Old fold lines. Minor soiling and wear. Very good plus. In a half morocco and cloth clamshell case, spine gilt.

An affectionate letter written by Founding Father Elbridge Gerry to his young wife, Ann, noting that he is having Alexander Hamilton draw up his will, and mentioning some of the slow-going action of the Constitutional Convention. Still stuck in Philadelphia working on the Constitution, Gerry writes of missing his family, telling Ann that he has begun thinking about his own mortality and has asked Alexander Hamilton to compose his will for him:

We cannot foretell or foresee the decrees of Omnipotence respecting our existence, that is a matter which He wisely conceals from mortals; but I do not expect a long life, my constitution appears not to be formed for it, & such as it is, constant attention of one kind or another prey on it. But if anything makes life in the least desirable it is you, my dearest girl & our lovely offspring. De- tached from your comforts, life to me would be a source of evils....Your pappa is in the instance you mention too sudden; he desired me to see Hamilton & Doctor Johnson & I saw them both. Hamilton was disposed to all the alterations proposed & made several: but as some required an alteration of the State of Facts in consequence of your pappa’s minutes, Hamilton said he would have that done in New York as soon as he arrived, first consulting your pappa & seeing him with Harrison. He thot that as Harrison drew the Bill, delicacy required such a mode of proceeding & indeed I should have conducted in the same manner had the case been my own. I think it would be best for your pappa to meet them, & after they have made the alterations, I will consult Doctor Johnson, if he will send the Bill & Will. I see their design of procrastination, but these things have their own course, & cannot be too much hastened.

Gerry goes on to mention the proceedings of the Convention and his decided lack of enthusiasm for them: “I am as sick of being here as you can conceive. Most of the time I am at home or in convention. I do not think in a week I am ten hours any where else. We meet now at ten & sit till four: but entre nous, I do not expect to give my voice to the measures.” Indeed, Gerry did not sign the Constitution, unwilling to accept it without a Bill of Rights. Elbridge Gerry (1744-1814) can rightly claim to be one of the foremost Found- ing Fathers. He was elected to the Second Continental Congress, and was a signer of the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation, serving in Congress until 1785. He played an important role in the Constitutional Conven- tion in 1787, but refused to sign because of the lack of a Bill of Rights. He was a prime mover for one in the First Congress, where he served as a Representative. He later served as an ambassador to France under John Adams, and governor of Massachusetts, where his manipulation of voting districts led to the term “gerrymander,” for which he is probably best known today. In 1812, although already ill, he was elected vice president on Madison’s second ticket. He died in Washington in 1814. Gerry did not marry until he was forty-one, and then to the much younger Ann Thompson, who was twenty-two. Ann later had the melancholy distinction of being the longest surviving widow of a signer of the Declaration. $12,000.

75. Gordon, William: THE HISTORY OF THE RISE, PROGRESS, AND ESTABLISHMENT, OF THE INDEPENDENCE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: INCLUDING AN ACCOUNT OF THE LATE WAR; AND OF THE THIRTEEN COLONIES, FROM THEIR ORIGIN TO THAT PERIOD. London: Printed for the Author..., 1788. Four volumes. [26],504; [8],584; [8],499; [8],445,[35] pp., plus nine folding maps. Antique-style half calf and marbled boards, red leather labels. 18th-century bookplate of “Richard Bendysh” on the verso of each titlepage. 19th-century ownership signature of a U.S. Navy officer on three titlepages. Very clean internally. Very good overall.

“First full-scale history of this war by an American; to its preparation Jefferson contributed some aid” – Howes. “Gordon is deservedly reckoned as the most impartial and reliable of the numerous historians of the American Revolution” – Sabin. Gordon was a dissenting minister in England, who like many of his class sympathized with the contention of the Thirteen Colonies. Going to America during the disturbances, and becoming pastor of the church at Jamaica Plain, now a district of Boston, he was throughout the Revolution a spectator close at hand of many important events, and the associate of many of the chief patriots. Later scholarship has shown that a good part of Gordon’s history was taken from the Annual Register. The excellent maps illustrate the eastern United States, Boston, New York, New Jersey, New Hampshire and Vermont, the Carolinas and part of Georgia, Charles- town with Sir Peter Parker’s attack on Fort Moultrie, part of Virginia, and “York Town and Gloucester Point, as besieged by the allied army.” HOWES G256, “aa.” SABIN 28011. LARNED 1341. GEPHART 996. $9000.

An American Federalist Sammelband

76. [Haiti]: A PARTICULAR ACCOUNT OF THE INSURRECTION OF THE NEGROES OF ST. DOMINGO, BEGUN IN AUGUST, 1791: TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH.... [Np. 1792]. 32pp. Bound with ten other titles (detailed below). Contemporary marbled boards, neatly rebacked in matching style in half calf, gilt, leather label. Contempo- rary contents list on front pastedown; contemporary ownership inscription on fly leaf. Light foxing throughout. Very good.

Fourth edition, with notes and an appendix extracted from authentic original papers. An important narrative of the Haitian Revolution of 1791, recounting the many violent and brutal events to which the inhabitants were subject. The author writes: “At this time, one hundred thousand negroes were in rebellion, and all the buildings and plantations, of more than half the Northern province, appeared only as one general conflagration.” This work is bound with ten other early American imprints, primarily sermons, as detailed below:

1) Aufrer, Anthony: The Cannibals’ Progress; or the Dreadful Horrors of French Inva- sion.... Newburyport, Ma.: Edmund M. Blunt, [1798]. 35,[1]pp. EVANS 33332. 2) [Gifford, John]: A Letter to the Hon. Thomas Erskine.... Philadelphia. [1797]. 128pp. Lacks titlepage and second leaf. EVANS 32191. 3) Tappan, David: A Discourse, Delivered to the Religious Society in Brattle-Street, Bos- ton.... Boston. 1798. 31pp. Half title. Second edition. EVANS 34628. 4) M’Keen, Joseph: Two Discourses, Delivered at Beverly, on the Day of the National Fast, May 9, 1798. Salem, Ma.: Thomas C. Cushing, 1798. 31pp. Half title. EVANS 34039. 5) Prince, John: A Discourse Delivered at Salem, on the Day of the National Fast, May 9, 1798.... Salem, Ma.: Thomas C. Cushing, 1798. 44pp. Half title. EVANS 34414. 6) Osgood, David: Some Facts Evincive of the Atheistical, Anarchical, and in Other Respects, Immoral Principles of the French Republic, Stated in a Sermon Delivered on the 9th of May, 1798.... Boston. 1798. 27pp. Half title. EVANS 34284. 7) Thayer, John: A Discourse, Delivered at the Roman Catholic Church in Boston, on the 9th of May, 1798.... Boston. 1798. 31pp. Half title. EVANS 34646. PARSONS 196. WALGREN 417. 8) Tappan, David: A Discourse Delivered in the Chapel of Harvard College, June 19, 1798.... Boston. 1798. 28pp. EVANS 34629. 9) Eckley, Joseph: A Discourse, Delivered on the Public Thanksgiving Day, November 29, 1798. Boston. 1798. 23pp. Half title. EVANS 33664. 10) Morse, Jedediah: A Sermon, Preached at Charlestown, November 19, 1798, on the Anniversary Thanksgiving in Massachusetts.... Boston. 1798. 74,[6]pp. With the six pages included in the appendix of the second edition, printed separately for those persons who purchased the first edition. EVANS 34151, 34152.

EVANS 24766. $2500. The Great Classic of Constitutional Thought: The Streeter Copy

77. Hamilton, Alexander; James Madison; and John Jay: THE FEDER- ALIST: A COLLECTION OF ESSAYS WRITTEN IN FAVOR OF THE NEW CONSTITUTION, AS AGREED UPON BY THE FEDERAL CONVENTION, SEPTEMBER 17, 1787. New York: Printed and sold by John and Andrew M’Lean, 1788. Two volumes bound in one. vi,227; vi,384pp. 12mo. Contemporary calf, rebacked. Boards worn at extremities. Early 19th-century newspaper clippings mounted to the front and rear pastedowns concerning authorship of the essays. Vol. I: name clipped from title at an early date, repaired, with one word in ink facsimile; two short edge tears in title-leaf; small paper loss to lower corner of A1 without loss to text; short tear in E3 with loss to one letter of the recto catchword; large tear in G5 repaired with cellotape; small marginal paper loss to foredge of H5; natural paper flaws to G3 and L2. Vol. II: name erased from title at an early date with small area of paper loss at head of leaf; small marginal tear to Ii3 without loss of text; rear endpapers chipped along foredges. Provenance: William Coxe, Jr., 1762-1831 (early signature on each title, early ink marginalia including adding the names of authors to each essay, underlinings, etc.); Thomas W. Streeter (book label, part II of his sale, Parke Bernet, April 20, 1967, lot 1049). In a black morocco box. See front cover of this catalogue for another illustration

Thomas Streeter’s copy of the rare first edition of the most important work of American political thought ever written, and, according to Thomas Jefferson, “the best commentary on the principles of government.” The first edition of The Federalist comprises the first collected printing of the eighty-five seminal essays written in defense of the newly-drafted Constitution. The essays were first issued individually by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in New York newspapers under the pseudonym of Publius to garner support for the ratification of the Constitution. The first thirty-six numbers of The Federalist were here published in book form in March 1788, with the remaining forty-nine, together with the text of the Constitution, in May of that year. Upon its publication, George Washington noted to Alexander Hamilton that the work “will merit the Notice of Posterity; because in it are candidly and ably discussed the principles of freedom and the topics of government, which will always be interesting to mankind” (George Washington, letter to Hamilton, August 28, 1788). The genesis of this “classic exposition of the principles of republican government” (Bernstein) is to be found in the “great national discussion” which took place about the ratification of the Constitution, and the necessity of answering the salvos in print from the Anti-Federalists and other opponents of a strong federal government. The original plan was that James Madison and John Jay were to help Hamilton write a series of essays explaining the merits of their system, whilst also rebutting the arguments of its detractors. “Hamilton wrote the first piece in Oc- tober 1787 on a sloop returning from Albany....He finished many pieces while the printer waited in a hall for the completed copy” – Brookhiser. In the end, well over half of the eighty-five essays were written by Hamilton alone. Despite the intense time pressures under which the series was written “what began as a propaganda tract, aimed only at winning the election for delegates to New York’s state ratifying convention, evolved into the classic commentary upon the American Federal system” (McDonald). The Federalist is without question the most important commentary on the Constitution, the most significant American contribution to political theory, and among the most important of all American books. EVANS 21127. GROLIER AMERICAN 100, 19. STREETER SALE 1049 (this copy, sold for $1100). CHURCH 1230. HOWES H114, “c.” COHEN 2818. SABIN 23979. FORD 17. PRINTING AND THE MIND OF MAN 234. R.B. Bernstein, Are We to be A Nation? The Making of the Constitution (1987), p.242. R. Brookhiser, Alexander Hamilton: American (1999), pp.68-69. F. McDonald, Alexander Hamilton: A Biography, p.107. $200,000.

Item 78. The Second Edition, and First French Edition, of The Federalist

78. Hamilton, Alexander, [et al]: LE FÉDÉRALISTE, OU COLLEC- TION DE QUELQUES ÉCRITS EN FAVEUR DE LA CONSTI- TUTION PROPOSÉE AUX ÉTATS-UNIS DE L’AMÉRIQUE, PAR LA CONVENTION CONVOQUÉE EN 1787.... Paris: Chez Buisson, 1792. Two volumes. [5],xxii-lii,366; [4],511pp. Half title in each volume. Contemporary French speckled calf, spines gilt, gilt morocco labels. A few instances of neat, contemporary ink marginalia. Light staining in upper margin of second half of first volume. Overall, a very handsome set, in lovely original condition.

First French edition, variant issue, of this classic of American political theory. This is also the first edition to identify the otherwise anonymous authors, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. Another French edition, with a long introduction by M. Trudaine de la Sablière, the French translator, was also published by Buisson in 1792, and its omission explains the pagination in the present item. The present variant retains the original titlepage, with John Jay’s name misspelled as “Gay,” and uses the same sheets from the other 1792 printing. This French translation was the first to appear after the original first printing of 1788, in accord with the definite sympathies which existed between the two countries. HOWES H114, “aa.” SABIN 23993. FORD 18. GROLIER AMERICAN 100, 19. PRINTING AND THE MIND OF MAN 234. $15,000.

79. Hamilton, Alexander: LETTER FROM ALEXANDER HAMIL- TON, CONCERNING THE PUBLIC CONDUCT AND CHAR- ACTER OF JOHN ADAMS, ESQ. PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES. Philadelphia: Re-printed pro bono publico, 1800. 54pp. Dbd. Age- toned, some pencil marginalia. Contemporary ownership signature (“W. Mer- edith”) on titlepage. Good. In a half morocco and cloth folding case, spine gilt.

Philadelphia edition, printed “for the public good,” following the first edition of the same year printed in New York. The great betrayal, which may have cost Adams the election of 1800. Hamilton originally issued this work with the hope of giving Charles Cotesworth Pinckney a majority over Adams. Hamilton writes of Adams: “...He does not possess the talents adapted to the administration of this Government, and that there are great and intrinsic defects in his character which unfit him for the office of Chief Magistrate.” “This and Adams’ reply are probably the plainest talk ever indulged in, in print, between two great statesmen. It received many answers, from both Republicans and Federalists” – Ford. This edition was printed by Wil- liam Duane, publisher of the pro-Republican newspaper, the Aurora. Very popular in its time, Hamilton’s work was reprinted four times during the 1800 election. EVANS 37570. NAIP w020637. HOWES H116. FORD 73. SABIN 29959. $1000. Peter Zenger’s Lawyer: “the most formidable trial attorney of his time”

80. Hamilton, Andrew: [MANUSCRIPT DOCUMENT, SIGNED “A. HAMILTON,” BEING A STIPULATION IN A LEGAL CASE “IN THE COMMON PLEAS OF PHILAD.”]. Philadelphia. September 1730. 8 lines in ink on [1]p., 3¾ x 8 inches. Trimmed from a larger document. Dampstained, else good. In a quarto folding cloth case, leather label.

“In the Common Pleas at Philad. September 1730, Sarah Griscom v Richard Crookshank...by consent of parties the matter in controversy is referred to Thomas Bourne, Peter Bayntun and James Mackey or any two of them who are to audit and make report of their doings to the next court.” Andrew Hamilton (1676-1741) was a colonial lawyer who settled in Philadelphia sometime around 1715. In 1717 he was appointed attorney general of Pennsylvania; in 1720 he became a member of the provincial council. Hamilton spent 1724 and 1725 in England on business for the proprietors, and he played an important role in negotiations that ultimately led to the settlement of the boundary dispute with Maryland. He returned to Philadelphia in 1726, at which point he became increasingly involved in public affairs. In 1727 he was appointed master of the rolls, recorder of Philadelphia, and prothonotary of the Supreme Court. In October of that same year he was elected to the assembly, representing Bucks County, and two years later he was elected Speaker of the assembly, an office he held until his retirement in 1739 except for the year 1733, when he was not a member. “Hamilton’s independence and integrity won him the confidence of all factions in the assembly. On one occasion at least he was elected to the Speakership unanimously. Most of the measures passed during his Speakership dealt with fiscal and administrative matters, with one notable exception. In 1730 the assembly passed a law for the relief of insolvent debtors, a sensible and progressive measure that became a model for similar legislation in other colonies. Prior to 1729 the assembly had no regular meeting place, and Hamilton played a leading role in providing it with its own building. He not only purchased the land but designed and personally supervised the construction of the building later known as Independence Hall....The loss of court records makes an objective analysis of Hamilton’s legal career impossible, but to his contemporaries he was a towering eminence, the most formidable trial attorney of his time. His defense of Zenger did not change the law of seditious libel or free the colonial press from the threat of prosecution, but it did have a powerful effect on the political consciousness of Americans” – ANB. Hamilton will forever be remembered, however, as the lawyer who successfully defended John Peter Zenger against all odds, in the most important freedom of the press trial in colonial America. His victory is the origin of the slogan: “Get a Philadelphia lawyer.” His autographs are rare. $1250. 81. [Henley, David]: PROCEEDINGS OF A COURT MARTIAL, HELD AT CAMBRIDGE, BY ORDER OF MAJOR GENERAL HEATH, COMMANDING THE AMERICAN TROOPS FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT, FOR THE TRIAL OF COLONEL DA- VID HENLEY, ACCUSED BY GENERAL BURGOYNE, OF ILL TREATMENT OF THE BRITISH SOLDIERS, &c..... London. 1778. [2],120,113-147,[1]pp. 20th-century three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Extremities lightly rubbed. Closed tears repaired at bottom of titlepage. Text generally quite clean. Very good.

The first British edition, after the American first (printed in Boston) of the same year. The captive British general Burgoyne, while held prisoner in Boston following the battle of Saratoga, charged that in settling an incident among the British prisoners, American colonel Henley “thought proper to make prisoners eighteen innocent men, and to reject the guilty one. The innocent men are sent on board guard-ships, as alleged by your order.” The court-martial, presided over by General Glover, found the charges to be unsubstantiated. Relatively scarce. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 78-44. SABIN 31344. HOWES H412, “aa.” ESTC N20117. $1000.

Early American Travels and Observations on Indians

82. Hennepin, Louis: NOUVEAU VOYAGE D’UN PAIS PLUS GRAND QUE L’EUROPE AVEC LES REFLECTIONES DES ENTERPRIS- ES DU SIEUR DE LA SALLE, SUR LES MINES DE ST. BARBE, &c.... Utrecht. 1698. [70],389pp. plus folding map and four folding plates. 12mo. Modern vellum over boards, spine stamped, all edges red. Internally clean. Near fine.

This first edition of Hennepin’s writings is a continuation of his Nouvelle Decouverte... of the previous year. In this work he added new material drawn from contemporary sources on Indian manners and customs and various North American travels. The first eight chapters describe the adventures and murder of La Salle, while the last concern the British treatment of the Recollets after the taking of Quebec in 1629. Lengthy passages are taken from Le Clercq’s Etablissement de la Foy of 1688. Despite the fact that Hennepin has been severely and justly criticized for imposture and plagiarism, his works, according to Thwaites, still stand as “invaluable contributions to the sources of American history; they deserve study, and to this day furnish rare entertainment. We can pardon much to our erratic friar, when he leaves to us such monuments as these.” No other narratives of French exploration in the interior of North America en- joyed as wide a popularity or stimulated as much controversy and criticism among later scholars as those of Hennepin. A Recollet missionary, Father Hennepin went to New France in 1675, and in 1678 he set out with La Salle to explore the fertile basin of the Mississippi River. While La Salle turned back to raise funds to continue the voyage, Hennepin went on to ascend the river from Fort Crevecoeur (Chicago) and penetrated farther northwest into the interior than any white man to that time. He discovered St. Anthony’s Falls near the present site of Minneapolis, and provided the first eyewitness account of Niagara Falls. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 698/101. ARENTS 432. CHURCH 774n. HARISSE 177. HOWES H417. SABIN 31351. STREETER SALE I:104. STREIT II:2775. $11,000.

Signer of the Declaration from South Carolina

83. [Heyward, Thomas, Jr.]: [Read, Jacob]: [PRINTED DOCUMENT, COMPLETED IN MANUSCRIPT AND SIGNED BY SOUTH CAROLINA LAWYER JACOB READ; ALSO SIGNED BY THOMAS HEYWARD, JR., SIGNER OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE]. [Np, but near Beaufort, S.C.]. Aug. 29, 1788. 2pp. Folio. Old fold lines. Light soiling. Very good. In a blue half morocco and cloth clamshell case, spine gilt.

Printed document, completed in manuscript by Jacob Read, lawyer for the plaintiffs in a suit against Benjamin Bush, ordering Bush to appear in court; it is signed at the end by Thomas Heyward, lawyer, judge, signer of the Declaration of Independence and of the Articles of Confederation. Jacob Read was a lawyer and politician, serving in the South Carolina state legislature, the Continental Congress, and the U.S. Senate. Heyward and Read both saw action during the American Revolution at Port Royal and the defense of Charleston; both were captured and exiled by the British to St. Augustine until 1781. Heyward later served as a judge in South Carolina until 1798. The document, filed by Benjamin Rush on behalf of Edgar Wells and Hugh Bethune, requires Benjamin Bush to appear before the Circuit Court of Common Pleas in the district of Beaufort, regarding a debt he owes them “for goods, wares & merchandises...in the sum of fourteen pounds twelve shillings.” Heyward was serving as a judge for the circuit court, which is the likely reason for his signature on the document. The verso is docketed and has notations by the local sheriff, Thomas Grayson, attesting that he served the defendant with the document and indicating its entry in his office. The printed part of the document was “Printed for A. Timothy, Printer to the State.” $1250.

Famous Map of Pennsylvania

84. Howell, Reading: DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, TO WIT: BE IT REMEMBERED, THAT...READING HOWELL, OF THE SAID DISTRICT, HATH DEPOSITED IN THIS OFFICE THE TITLE OF A MAP...TO WIT, “A MAP OF PENNSYLVANIA, & THE PARTS CONNECTED THEREWITH, RELATING TO THE ROADS AND INLAND NAVIGATION....” [Philadelphia. 1795?]. 19½ x 27½ inches. River route from Lake Erie to Philadelphia marked in contemporary color. On two sheets, joined at center. Older tape repair on verso; two tape repairs at top and bottom of center seam causing slight staining, primarily in blank areas. Small hole in neatline area of left top edge. Lightly but evenly toned. Still very good.

Second state of the smaller version of Reading Howell’s very important map of Pennsylvania. Howell’s map was the first post-Revolutionary map of the entire state, and the first to show all the state’s boundaries. “This is the best map of Pennsylvania to appear in the 18th century, and the first to show its exact boundaries” – Wheat & Brun. Howell was a landowner and a surveyor, and he used his own work, along with the personal surveys of others, to create his map. This condensed version of Howell’s map, first published the same year as the larger version, shows the state in its entirety, with towns, roads, and topographical features. New canals are also shown, including one beginning at the mouth of Conewago canal on the Susquehanna River, and another beginning on the Delaware River just north of Pennsylvania and going to Norris Town. In this second state, the counties are outlined and identified. The larger version of the map is extremely rare and almost unobtainable. WHEAT & BRUN 443. EVANS 24412 (ref ). PHILLIPS, p.678 (ref ). $3000.

85. Hutchinson, Thomas: THE HISTORY OF THE COLONY OF MASSACHUSETS-BAY, FROM THE FIRST SETTLEMENT THEREOF IN 1628. UNTIL ITS INCORPORATION WITH THE COLONY OF PLYMOUTH, PROVINCE OF MAIN, &c. BY THE CHARTER OF KING WILLIAM AND QUEEN MARY IN 1691. Boston: Thomas & John Fleet, 1764. [4],iv,566pp. Contemporary calf, gilt leather label. Extremities worn, binding rubbed. Hinges cracking but still firm. Contemporary ownership inscription on titlepage. Light foxing and dampstaining. A very good copy.

The first edition of this classic Massachusetts history, published in two separate volumes; the second volume was published in 1767 as The History of the Province of Massachusets-Bay. “Hutchinson’s History of Massachusetts-Bay accurately recounted these events and contained sympathetic accounts of Puritanism; the Antinomian heresy of Hutchinson’s ancestor, Anne Hutchinson; and Massachusetts opposition in the 1680s to the ‘tyrannical disposition’ of the royalist governor, Sir Edmund Andros, and his administration’s ‘harpies.’ Hutchinson’s History acknowledged the multiplicity of jostling interest groups in Massachusetts and the duty of government to protect the public interest from the demands of self-interested groups” – ANB. Hutchinson (1711-80), besides being a colonial historian, was governor of Mas- sachusetts from 1771 to 1773 and a staunch Loyalist. He left Boston for London in late 1773, after he had helped cause the Boston Tea Party, and remained in Exile in England until his death in 1780. The first two volumes of Hutchinson’s work on the Massachusetts colony are complete unto themselves; the third volume was published posthumously. This first volume is relatively scarce on the market. EVANS 9705. HOWES H853. ESTC W20456. SABIN 34075. $2250.

The Federal Government Seeks to Control the Indian Trade by Establishing the Trading House System, Signed by the Secretary of State

86. [Indian Trade]: [United States Laws]: FOURTH CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES: AT THE FIRST SESSION...AN ACT FOR ESTABLISHING TRADING HOUSES WITH THE INDIAN TRIBES [caption title]. Philadelphia. 1796. [4]pp. on folded folio sheet. Signed by Secretary of State Timothy Pickering at the end of text. Manu- script docket in an unknown hand on the blank fourth page. Fine. In a half morocco box.

This act, known as the Trading House Act, was passed by the first session of the Fourth United States Congress on April 18, 1796. It sought to bring commerce with Indian tribes under the control of the U.S. government by licensing and restricting trade through a small group of authorized agents operating trading houses beyond the designated frontier of settlement. The act made purely private trade illegal, a step taken to control exploitation of the Indian populace, regulate border tensions, attempt to influence the Indians in their British and Spanish contacts to the North and South, and bring fees to the government. The assertion of government control over the Indian trade was a direct out- growth of the American victory over the Indian tribes of the Old Northwest at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794 and the Treaty of Greenville in August 1795, but it sought to address an endemic problem of illicit trade. As part of the peace, a boundary line known as “the Greenville line” was established, beyond which the U.S. government agreed to prevent settlement. By this act only licensed traders would be allowed into the Indian territories west of the line, working through agents in settled trading houses. The President would appoint agents to head the trading houses, and all trade had to be accounted for to the Executive branch. The price of trade goods would be regulated, and any private trade was strictly forbidden. Although the terms of the Greenville Treaty were soon abrogated, this act set the pattern for regulating the Indian trade until 1822, when the system was abolished. The act ends with the printed signatures of George Washington and John Ad- ams, and the autograph signature of Timothy Pickering as Secretary of State. A Revolutionary soldier and key figure in Federal politics, Pickering served as Sec- retary of State from 1795 to 1800, first under Washington and then Adams. This would appear to be an official copy, actually signed by Pickering. All official copies of acts in the first three Congresses were signed by the Secretary of State, but the practice was then (supposedly) dropped; this is the first time we have seen a Fourth Congress act so signed. Rare: NAIP locates only five copies, evidently none signed. BRISTOL B9756. SHIPTON & MOONEY 47959. ESTC W14649. $17,500.

87. Jefferson, Thomas: NOTES ON THE STATE OF VIRGINIA. Lon- don: Printed for John Stockdale, 1787. Two volumes. Text: folding letterpress table, single-page map of Madison’s Cave. Map: engraved folding map, handcolored in outline, sectioned and backed on linen at an early date. Text in contemporary tree sheep, expertly rebacked to style, spine gilt, black morocco label. Map laid into contemporary tree sheep portfolio binding, cloth ties renewed. Very good. Together in a black morocco-backed folding cloth box.

The first English edition of Jefferson’s famous work. This is the only book-length work by Jefferson to be published in his lifetime, and has been called “one of America’s first permanent literary and intellectual landmarks.” This work was largely written in 1781 and first published in Paris, in French, in 1785. Written in the form of answers to questions about Virginia, the book supplies a description of the geography, with an abundance of supporting material and unusual information. As J.M. Edelstein notes: “Jefferson wrote about things which interested him deeply and about which he knew a great deal; the Notes..., therefore, throws a fascinating light on his tastes, curiosities, and political and social opinions.” The handsome map which accompanies this edition (but is often lacking), based on the Fry and (Peter) Jefferson map, was not issued with the Paris editions. The story of the creation of this book and its publishing history is an interesting one. It is told fully by Millicent Sowerby in her catalogue of Jefferson’s library, where it occupies some thirty pages. ADAMS, THE EYE OF THOMAS JEFFERSON 57. CLARK I:262. HOWES J78. SABIN 35895. SOWERBY, JEFFERSON’S LIBRARY 4167. VAIL 760. $45,000.

First Southern Edition

88. Jefferson, Thomas: JEFFERSON’S NOTES, ON THE STATE OF VIRGINIA; WITH THE APPENDIXES – COMPLETE. Baltimore: Printed for W. Pechin, 1800. 194,53pp. plus folding table. Contemporary calf, spine gilt, red morocco label. Boards and spine moderately worn. Contemporary ownership inscription on front fly leaf. Top margin of titlepage excised. Moder- ate age-toning, dampstaining, and foxing throughout. A few clean tears in outer margin of folding table. A good copy.

An early edition of Jefferson’s Notes..., and the first to be issued in the South, preceded by the early European editions and four separate editions published in Philadelphia in 1788-94. This edition includes appendices containing Charles Thomson’s notes on Jefferson’s original text, the Draught of a Fundamental Constitution for the Com- monwealth of Virginia, the Act for establishing religious freedom, and the story of the “Murder of Logan.” HOWES J78. CLARK I:262. EVANS 37702. NAIP w027459. MINICK 587. $2000.

89. Jefferys, Thomas: PLAN OF NEW ORLEANS THE CAPITAL OF LOUISIANA; WITH THE DISPOSITION OF ITS QUARTERS AND CANALS AS THEY HAVE BEEN TRACED BY MR. DE LA TOUR IN THE YEAR 1720. [with:] THE COURSE OF MISSISSIPI RIVER FROM BAYAGOULAS TO THE SEA. [with:] THE EAST MOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPI WITH THE PLAN OF FORT LA BALISE WHICH DEFENDS THE ENTRANCE AND CHANNEL OF THAT RIVER. London: T. Jefferys, 1759. Copper-engraved map. Sheet size: 17 x 22 inches. In excellent condition.

This superb map evinces the attention to detail and high quality of draftsmanship that were hallmarks of the workshop of Thomas Jefferys, who was by 1759 Lon- don’s leading cartographer. The left half of the map focuses on the city of New Orleans itself, founded in 1717 by the Sieur d’Iberville. As noted in the title of the map, it is largely based on the original manuscript plan of the city drafted by Le Blond de la Tour in 1722. It is also thought that Jefferys consulted Jacques Nicolas Bellin’s 1744 map of the city. The ordered symmetry of the city’s layout is captured, and every street is individually labeled. The outlines of the buildings are detailed, and major edifices are labeled, such as the “Parish Church” of St. Louis, the monastery of the “Capuchin-Fryars,” the “House of the Intendant,” and the “Hospital and Convent of the Ursulines,” the latter being the oldest building in the city that survives to this day. The right half of the map is divided into two maps: the upper map depicts New Orleans within the context of the lower Mississippi and its delta; the map below details the eastern mouth of the Mississippi, which is guarded by Fort La Balise. John Magill, in Charting Louisiana in his chapter “New Orleans through Three Centuries,” writes that Jefferys’ map includes several interesting and important details that Mr. de la Tour’s map lacked, having primarily to do with flood control. At the riverside bank we find the words: “Bank to preserve the Town from the In- undation.” Just beyond this are moats created in 1729. The map also shows gutters and footbridges, as well as buildings constructed after 1721. CHARTING LOUISIANA 170, p.295. PHILLIPS, MAPS, p.495. SELLERS & VAN EE, MAPS & CHARTS OF NORTH AMERICA & THE WEST INDIES 1677. $3850.

90. Jefferys, Thomas: THE AMERICAN ATLAS: OR, A GEOGRAPH- ICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE WHOLE CONTINENT OF AMERICA: WHEREIN ARE DELINEATED AT LARGE ITS SEV- ERAL REGIONS, COUNTRIES, STATES, AND ISLANDS; AND CHIEFLY THE BRITISH COLONIES. London: Printed and sold by R. Sayer and J. Bennett, 1776. Letterpress title and index leaf, otherwise engraved throughout. Twenty-three engraved maps on 30 sheets (one single-page, eleven double-page, eighteen folding), all handcolored in outline. Expertly bound to style in half 18th-century russia over contemporary marbled paper covered boards, spine gilt with raised bands, brown morocco label. Very good.

The American Atlas is the most important 18th-century atlas for America. Walter Ristow describes it as a “geographical description of the whole continent of America, as portrayed in the best available maps in the latter half of the eighteenth century... as a major cartographic reference work it was, very likely, consulted by American, English, and French civilian administrators and military officers during the Revolu- tion.” This 1776 issue includes the Brassier map of Lake Champlain. As a collection, The American Atlas stands as the most comprehensive, detailed, and accurate survey of the American colonies at the beginning of the Revolution. Among the distinguished maps are Braddock Meade’s “A Map of the Most Inhabited Parts of New England,” the largest and most detailed map of New England that had yet been published; a map of “The Provinces of New York and New Jersey” by Samuel Holland, the surveyor general for the northern American colonies; William Scull’s “A Map of Pennsylvania,” the first map of that colony to include its western frontier; Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson’s “A Map of the Most Inhabited part of Virginia,” the best colonial map for the Chesapeake region; and Lieut. Ross’ “Course of the Mississipi,” the first map of that river based on English sources. Jefferys was the leading English cartographer of the 18th century. From about 1750 he published a series of maps of the English American colonies that were among the most significant produced in the period. As Geographer to the Prince of Wales, and after 1761, Geographer to the King, Jefferys was well placed to have access to the best surveys conducted in America, and many of his maps held the status of “official work.” Jefferys died on November 20, 1771, and in 1775 his successors, Robert Sayer and John Bennett, gathered together these separately issued maps and republished them in book form as The American Atlas. The present second edition, issued in 1776, includes “A new Map of the Province of Quebec” (a significant addition) in place of Jefferys’ “The Middle British Colonies,” and a second issue of Samuel Holland’s “The Provinces of New York and New Jersey,” published on December 20, 1775. The maps are as follow (many of them are on several sheets, and in accordance with the letterpress index, each individual sheet is numbered; the measurements refer to the image size):

1-3) Braddock Meade (alias John Green): “A Chart of North and South America, including the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.” Published June 10, 1775. Six sheets joined into three, 43½ x 49½ inches. This great wall map was chiefly issued to expose the errors in Delisle and Buache’s map of the Pacific Northwest, published in Paris in 1752. STEVENS & TREE 4(d). 4) Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg: “The Russian Discoveries.” Published March 2, 1775. One sheet, 18 x 24 inches. 5-6) Thomas Pownall after E. Bowen: “A New and Correct map of North America, with the West India Islands.” Published Feb. 15, 1777. Four sheets joined into two, 43 x 47 inches. Thomas Pownall updated Bowen’s “North America” map of 1755. Pownall’s version includes the relevant results of the first treaty of Paris, drawn up after the end of the French and Indian War. STEVENS & TREE 49(f ). 7) Thomas Jefferys: “North America from the French of Mr. D’Anville, Improved with the English Surveys Made since the Peace.” Published June 10, 1775. One sheet, 18 x 20 inches. STEVENS & TREE 51(c). 8) Samuel Dunn: “A Map of the British Empire in North America.” Published Jan. 10, 1774. Half sheet, 12 x 19 inches. STEVENS & TREE 53(b). 9) Thomas Jefferys: “An Exact Chart of the River St. Laurence from Fort Frontenac to the Island of Anticosti.” Published May 25, 1775. Two sheets joined into one, 23½ x 37 inches. STEVENS & TREE 76(d). 10) Sayer & Bennett: “A Chart of the Gulf of St. Laurence.” Published March 25, 1775. One sheet, 19½ x 24 inches. 11) Capt. [Samuel] Holland: “A Map of the Island of St. John in the Gulf of St. Laurence.” Published April 6, 1775. One sheet, 15 x 27¼ inches. 12) James Cook and Michael Lane: “A General Chart of the Island of Newfound- land.” Published May 10, 1775. One sheet, 21½ x 22 inches. Lieutenant and later captain James Cook went on to gain renown for his three exploratory voyages in the Pacific. 13) James Cook and others: “A Chart of the Banks of Newfoundland.” Published March 25, 1775. One sheet, 19½ x 26 inches. Based on the surveys of James Cook (see above), Chabert, and Fleurieu. 14) Thomas Jefferys: “A New Map of Nova Scotia and Cape Breton Island with the Adjacent Parts of New England and Canada.” Published June 15, 1775. One sheet, 18½ x 24 inches. Originally published in 1755 at the beginning of the French and Indian War, this map “proved to be important in evaluating respective French and English claims to this part of North America” (Ristow). England gained sole possession of the region by the Treaty of Paris, 1763. STEVENS & TREE 66(c). 15-16) Braddock Meade (alias John Green): “A Map of the Most Inhabited Part of New England.” Published Nov. 29, 1774. Four sheets joined into two, 38¾ x 40¾ inches. The first large-scale map of New England. “The most detailed and informative pre-Revolutionary map of New England...not really supplanted until the nineteenth century” – New England Prospect 13. STEVENS & TREE 33(e). 17) Capt. [Samuel] Holland: “The Provinces of New York and New Jersey, with Part of Pensilvania.” Published Aug. 17, 1776. Two sheets joined, 26½ x 52¾ inches. An important large-scale map of the Provinces of New York and New Jersey, by Samuel Holland, Surveyor General for the Northern English colonies. With fine insets: “A plan of the City of New York,” “A chart of the Mouth of Hudson’s River,” and “A Plan of Amboy.” STEVENS & TREE 44(e). 18) William Brassier: “A Survey of Lake Champlain, including Lake George, Crown Point and St. John.” Published Aug. 5, 1776. Single sheet, 26 x 18¾ inches. This is the first state of Brassier’s extremely important and magnificently detailed map of Lake Champlain. STEVENS & TREE 25(b). 19) Captain Carver and others: “A New Map of the Province of Quebec, according to the Royal Proclamation, of the 7th of October 1763. From the French Sur- veys Connected with those made after the War, by Captain Carver, and Other Officers.” One sheet, 19¼ x 26¼ inches. STEVENS & TREE 73(a). 20) William Scull: “A Map of Pennsylvania Exhibiting not only the Improved Parts of the Province but also its Extensive Frontiers.” Published June 10, 1775. Two sheets joined, 27 x 51½ inches. The first map of the Province of Pennsylvania to include its western frontier. All earlier maps had focused solely on the settled eastern parts of the colony. 21-22) Joshua Fry and Peter Jefferson: “A Map of the Most Inhabited Part of Vir- ginia, containing the Whole Province of Maryland...1775.” [n.d.]. Four sheets joined into two, 32 x 48 inches. “The basic cartographical document of Virginia in the eighteenth century...the first to depict accurately the interior regions of Virginia beyond the Tidewater. [It] dominated the cartographical representation of Virginia until the nineteenth century” – Verner. STEVENS & TREE 87(f ). 23-24) Henry Mouzon: “An Accurate Map of North and South Carolina with their Indian Frontiers.” Published May 30, 1775. Four sheets joined into two, 40 x 54 inches. “The chief type map for [the Carolinas] during the forty or fifty years following its publication. It was used by both British and American forces during the Revolutionary War” – Cumming. CUMMING 450. STEVENS & TREE 11(a). 25) Thomas Jefferys: “The Coast of West Florida and Louisiana...The Peninsula and Gulf of Florida.” Published Feb. 20, 1775. Two sheets joined into one, 19½ x 48 inches. A large-scale map of Florida, based upon the extensive surveys conducted after the region became an English possession following the 1763 Treaty of Paris. STEVENS & TREE 26(b). 26) Lieut. Ross: “Course of the Mississipi....Taken on an Expedition to the Illinois, in the latter end of the Year 1765.” Published June 1, 1775. Two sheet joined into one, 14 x 44 inches. The first large-scale map of the Mississippi River, and the first based in whole or part upon English surveys. STEVENS & TREE 31(b). 27) Thomas Jefferys: “The Bay of Honduras.” Published Feb. 20, 1775. One sheet, 18½ x 24½ inches. 28-29) J.B.B. D’Anville: “A Map of South America.” Published Sept. 20, 1775. Four sheets joined into two, 20 x 46 inches 30) Cruz Cano and others: “A Chart of the Straits of Magellan.” Published July 1, 1775. One sheet, 20½ x 27 inches.

HOWES J81. PHILLIPS ATLASES 1165, 1166 (refs). SABIN 35953. STREETER SALE 72 (1775 ed). Walter Ristow (editor), Thomas Jefferys The American Atlas London 1776, facsimile edition (Amsterdam, 1974). $155,000.

One of the Most Famous Pamphlets of the Revolution

91. [ Johnson, Samuel]: TAXATION NO TYRANNY; AN ANSWER TO THE RESOLUTIONS AND ADDRESS OF THE AMERI- CAN CONGRESS. London. 1775. [4],91pp. Half title. Modern calf, gilt. Leather bookplate on front pastedown. Internally clean. Near fine. In a blue half morocco and solander case.

Second edition, published the same year as the first, of this famous political pamphlet by lexicographer Samuel Johnson. This edition includes a number of textual changes from the first. Written in response to the opening rumblings of the American Revolution, Johnson’s acerbic pamphlet was published at the height of his popularity and fame. He writes of the Americans:

That it is their duty to pay the cost of their own safety they seem to admit; nor do they refuse their contribution to the exigencies, whatever they may be, of the British empire; but they make this participation of the public burden a duty of very uncertain extent, and imperfect obligation, a duty temporary, occasional and elective, of which they reserve to themselves the right of settling the degree, the time, and the duration, of judging when it may be required, and when it has been performed.

This pamphlet elicited many responses, and doubtless further spurred the cause of the Revolution. ESTC T141339. SABIN 36303. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 75-69b. COURTNEY & SMITH, p.125. $3750. Classic Account of La Salle’s Last Voyage and Texas Settlement

92. Joutel, Henri: JOURNAL HISTORIQUE DU DERNIER VOYAGE QUE FEU M. DE LA SALE FIT DANS LE GOLFE DE MEX- IQUE, POUR TROUVER L’EMBOUCHURE, & LE COURS DE LA RIVIERE DE MISSICIPI [sic], NOMMEE A PRESENT LA RIVIERE DE SAINT LOUIS, QUI TRAVERSE LA LOUISIANE.... Paris: Chez Estienne Robinot..., 1713. xxxiv,386pp. plus large folding map. 12mo. Contemporary French speckled calf, spine gilt extra, leather label. Hing- es and corners rubbed. Bookplates on front pastedown. Very minor scattered foxing. Map is bright and fresh. A very good plus copy, in a lovely contemporary binding.

One of the premiere accounts of La Salle’s tragic final voyage, compiled from the diary of his close subordinate. The party embarked in 1684, ostensibly to establish a French base at the mouth of the Mississippi as headquarters for operations, but as well to push as far as possible into the region in order to gain a foothold against the Spanish. In fact, and via a conscious deceit, the base was established at Espiritu Santo Bay in Texas, where the party spent two years making excursions into the surrounding territory. When expected reinforcements failed to appear, La Salle and his men determined to return to Canada via the Mississippi; however, a member of the expedition assassinated La Salle when they reached the Trinity River, and the company split up. Some of the survivors, including Joutel, pressed on, reaching Canada by way of the Mississippi and Arkansas rivers. Joutel’s diary passed to other hands prior to publication, and the present edition, edited by De Michel, is somewhat abridged. It was published to counter the errors in Tonti’s Dernieres Decouvertes... (1697). The complete journal was not published until 1878, as part of Margry’s compilation. Joutel’s Journal... is one of the major works of the period on the region, and “of the three narratives of this journey, those of Joutel, Cavelier, and Douay, the first is by far the best” (Francis Parkman). The splendid map, based on Joutel’s own observations, is the first map showing the results of La Salle’s journeys and provides, for its time, a very accurate delineation of the course of the Mississippi from its northern headwaters to its mouth, as well as that of the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence, complete with a beautiful engraved cartouche of Niagara Falls. A beautiful and complete copy. HOWES J266, “b.” CHURCH 855. RAINES, pp.103-31. CLARK I:14. GREEN- LY, MICHIGAN, pp.20-21. JONES 149. WAGNER SPANISH SOUTHWEST 79. HARRISSE NOUVELLE FRANCE 750. SABIN 36760. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 713/103. $22,500.

The First American Bibliography

93. [Kennett, White]: BIBLIOTHECÆ AMERICANÆ PRIMORDIA. AN ATTEMPT TOWARDS LAYING THE FOUNDATION OF AN AMERICAN LIBRARY, IN SEVERAL BOOKS, PAPERS, AND WRITINGS, HUMBLY GIVEN TO THE SOCIETY FOR PROPA- GATION OF THE GOSPEL IN FOREIGN PARTS...By a Mem- ber of the said Society. London: Printed for J. Churchill, 1713. [2],iii,xvi, 3-275,[224]pp. Quarto signed in 2s. Expertly bound to style in half russia over period marbled boards, spine gilt, morocco label. Very good. Provenance: New-York Historical Society (inked stamps).

The “earliest exclusively American catalogue” (Church): one of only 250 copies printed. “White Kennett, Bishop of Peterborough, gave his extensive collection of Americana to the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts in 1712, with the intention that the gift should be accompanied by a printed catalogue of the collection. This wish was thwarted for a while by the decision to have Robert Watts compile what became an extensive and essential index of 223pp. Kennett had in the meantime continued his collecting at a pace which necessitated the inclusion of 55-page appendix and the catalogue was finally published in 1713. The result is the best catalogue of books relating to America extant, [arranged in chronological order], the titles being copied at full length with the greatest exactness, together with the name of the printer, and the number of pages in each volume. It is rich in English tracts relating to New England” – Rich. Pinelo’s Epitome de la Biblioteca Oriental I Occidental (1629) includes a listing of books of Indian and Asian as well as American interest, but Kennett’s is the first printed catalogue devoted exclusively to books relating to America. An account of the library is given in Massachusetts Historical Society Proceedings, Vol. 20 (1883). Despite Kennett’s stated wish that the books be for the “perpetual use” of the members of the Society, a number were later given to the British Museum, and some “had been lost or mislaid” by the time Sotheby’s prepared the auction catalogue for the sale of the Society’s library in 1917. CHURCH 856. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 713/104. GROLIER/BRESLAUER & FOLTER 93. JCB II, 178. SABIN 37447. STREETER SALE 4363. $6000.

94. Knox, John, Capt.: AN HISTORICAL JOURNAL OF THE CAM- PAIGNS IN NORTH-AMERICA, FOR THE YEARS 1757, 1758, 1759, AND 1760: CONTAINING THE MOST REMARKABLE OCCURRENCES OF THAT PERIOD; PARTICULARLY THE TWO SIEGES OF QUEBEC, &c. &c..... London: Printed for the Au- thor; and sold by W. Johnston..., 1769. Two volumes. ix,[7],405pp. plus errata leaf and folding map; [2],465pp. plus errata leaf. Frontispiece portrait in each volume. Quarto. Early 20th-century three-quarter calf and brown cloth, spines gilt, leather labels. Rubbed at extremities. Bookplates on front pastedown. Light scattered foxing and soiling. Top and bottom edges of map reinforced; marginal tear repaired; light soiling. Very good.

“One of the most accurate and detailed accounts available on the sieges of Louis- bourg and Quebec” – TPL. Knox arrived in Halifax, Nova Scotia with his regiment in 1757 to take part in the anticipated expedition against Louisbourg, although the attack was postponed and the regiment did not see action in the siege. They did take part in the battle of the Plains of Abraham, served under James Murray at Quebec in the winter of 1759-60, and participated in the capitulation of Mon- treal in 1760. Knox gives a firsthand account of the battles, and supplements his narrative with printings of important official documents and orders from both the British and the French. The portraits represent generals Wolfe and Amherst, and the map, by Thomas Kitchin, shows the British dominions in North America according to the treaty of 1763. HOWES K222, “b.” DIONNE II:751. LANDE 486. GAGNON I:1880. JCB 1680. STREETER SALE 1030. SABIN 38164. VLACH 417. TPL 323. $6500.

95. [Knox, William]: EXTRA OFFICIAL STATE PAPERS. AD- DRESSED TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE LORD RAWDON, AND THE OTHER MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT, ASSOCIAT- ED FOR THE PRESERVATION OF THE CONSTITUTION AND PROMOTING THE PROSPERITY OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE. London. 1789. Two volumes bound in one. [4],55,49,14,[2],174,[1]; 63,84pp. plus 4pp. of publisher’s ads. Modern three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Inscribed on fly leaf: “From the Author.” Quite clean internally. Very good plus.

According to Sabin, Knox was the deputy Secretary of State for America. “He gives in these state papers some anecdotes relative to the American War, and to the great revolution which it produced; a scheme for establishing episcopacy in Nova Scotia, and various plans relative to public matters.” A most interesting work for its insights into the ministerial side of the Revolution, for Knox is free in his criticism of other members of the government. There is also material of Canadian interest for Nova Scotia and early mail communications. SABIN 38181. TPL, p.145. ESTC T92832. $1250.

96. Lahontan, Louis Armand, Baron de: NEW VOYAGES TO NORTH- AMERICA. CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF THE SEVERAL NATIONS OF THAT VAST CONTINENT; THEIR CUSTOMS, COMMERCE, AND WAY OF NAVIGATION UPON THE LAKES AND RIVERS; THE SEVERAL ATTEMPTS OF THE ENGLISH AND FRENCH TO DISPOSSESS ONE ANOTHER; WITH THE REASONS OF THE MISCARRIAGE OF THE FORMER; AND THE VARIOUS ADVENTURES BETWEEN THE FRENCH, AND THE IROQUESE CONFEDERATES OF ENGLAND, FROM 1683 TO 1694. London: Printed for J. Osborn [Vol. I]; Printed for J. Walthoe, R. Wilkin, J. and J. Bonwicke, J. Osborn, S. Birt, T. Ward and E. Wicksteed [Vol. II], 1735. Two volumes. Twenty engraved maps and plates (eight folding), as issued, and extra-illustrated with three engraved plates from the 1703 first edition. Later mottled calf by Morrell, gilt tooling on the covers, spine gilt with raised bands, morocco label stamped in gilt, a.e.g. Very good. Provenance: Jonathan Carter (contemporary signature on title).

The principal early 18th-century description of Canada. This beautiful copy of the second edition is extra-illustrated with three additional plates from the first edition. Lahontan’s narrative is of considerable value for his travels in the Lake region. There is much accurate information about the region, including an Algonquin dictionary at the rear of the second volume. There is an additional Letter XVI discussing a fictional journey west of the Mississippi that historian Reuben Gold Thwaites suggests can be read as “an anticipation of Swift;” that is, that the chapter was an intentional parody. “In simple sentences, easily read and comprehended by the masses, Lahontan recounted not only his own adventures and the important events that occurred beneath his eyes in the much-talked-of region of New France, but drew a picture of the simple delights of life in the wilderness, more graphic than had yet been presented to the European world. His idyllic account of manners and customs among the savages in the heart of the American forest...was a picture which fascinated the ‘average reader’ in that romantic age, eager to learn of new lands and strange peoples” – Thwaites, “Introduction” to his 1905 edition of Lahontan’s New Voyages. Although the title describes the work as complete with twenty-three engraved “maps and cuts,” this second edition of Lahontan’s New Voyages was only issued with twenty (the title statement being a holdover from the first edition). This copy, however, contains the three plates supplied from a copy of the first edition. All three plates appear in the first volume, facing pages 55, 161, and 185, respectively. HOWES L25. SABIN 38645. PILLING, PROOF-SHEETS 2184. $4500.

“...I am happy at the near approach of an American Constitution...”

97. Langdon, John: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM JOHN LANGDON TO JOSIAH BARTLETT]. Portsmouth. July 1, 1776. 3pp., addressed on verso. Folio. Old fold lines. Reinforced around outer edge with thin strip of linen. Else very good.

John Langdon (1741-1819) was a ship owner from Portsmouth, New Hampshire, who was a member of the first Continental Congress and later became the first senator from that state. He resigned in June 1776 to become purchasing agent for the Continental Army, and superintended the construction of several warships, including the Ranger, John Paul Jones’ first command. Josiah Bartlett (1729-95) remained in Philadelphia representing New Hampshire, where he helped to obtain Langdon’s appointment as agent. Bartlett had written to Langdon on June 17, warning him that Congress would require his resignation if he took “any post of profit under the Congress,” and that as a result of agreement on the Articles of Confederation, the officers of the state militia would be appointed by the state legislatures. Langdon’s response begins by remarking on desertions:

...am very unhappy at the behaviour of our men owing entirely to the officers.... our Assembly will send to all the towns, to apprehend all those soldiers who have returned; and send them off for the army in Canada. I’ve taken the utmost pains to prevent their [choosing?] every thing into office whether fit or unfit. Last week went up before both Houses to mention a matter which shew them the necessity of appointing men who know their business.

He goes on to offer the negative example of Col. David Gilman, “who commands our batterys here, he has several times refused the civil authority and says that if any of his men commits any misdemeanour, he is only accountable before his court, tho; the act is committed any where out of his jurisdiction.” The matter was apparently solved when Gilman was sent to Fort Ticonderoga on July 5. Langdon further thanks Bartlett for his efforts in obtaining an appointment. “I’ve wrote Brother [William] Whipple fully on the matter and do hereby resign my seat in Congress...therefore there will be no bar to my being chosen Agent.” He offers to delay the matter and return to Congress if required. “I am very happy at the near approach of an American Constitution, for heavens sake let their be an appeal to the Continental Assembly from every government in every thing of moment relative to governmental matters, for some times happens, that a majority of Assembly do great mischief!” $5500.

A Sermon by the President of Harvard Against the British, a Few Weeks After Lexington and Concord

98. Langdon, Samuel: GOVERNMENT CORRUPTED BY VICE, AND RECOVERED BY RIGHTEOUSNESS. A SERMON PREACHED BEFORE THE HONORABLE CONGRESS OF THE COLONY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS-BAY IN NEW ENGLAND.... Wa- tertown: Benjamin Edes, 1775. 29pp. Half title. Stitched as issued. Minor soiling and foxing. Contemporary ownership inscription on half title. Near fine. Untrimmed. In an oblong clamshell box, paper label.

An election sermon preached by Dr. Samuel Langdon, Congregational minister and president of Harvard College, before the Provincial Congress of Massachusetts on May 31, 1775, mere days after the Battles of Lexington and Concord. The first shots of the Revolution were fired on April 19, 1775. The Congress had relocated from Concord to Watertown, just outside Boston, where they headquartered from April to July that year. Langdon was an ardent patriot and his sermon is filled with fiery rhetoric against British tyranny and taxation. He mentions Lexington and Concord – noting that the British fired first – and the occupation of Boston by the British. He likewise addresses the dissolution of the previous form of civil government under the Massachusetts colonial charter and the British Parliament, and praises the means by which the American people have preserved order in the midst of chaos:

...they have so universally adopted the method of managing the important matters necessary to preserve among them a free government, by correspond- ing committees and congresses, consisting of the wisest and most disinterested patriots of America, chosen by the unbiased suffrages of the people assembled for that purpose....So general agreement, thro’ so many provinces of so large a country, in one mode of self preservation, is unexampled in any history: and the effect has exceeded our most sanguine expectations.

EVANS 14145. ESTC W23151. $3000.

Classic Work on French Louisiana

99. Le Page du Pratz, Antoine: THE HISTORY OF LOUISIANA, OR OF THE WESTERN PARTS OF VIRGINIA AND CAROLINA.... London: Printed for T. Tecket and P.A. De Hondt, 1763. Two volumes. [4],vii, [1],l368pp. plus two folding maps; [8],272pp. Half titles. 12mo. Contemporary polished calf, raised bands, gilt morocco labels, a.e.g. Boards lightly shelfworn, corners worn. Two bookplates on front pastedown of each volume. Worm tracks in lower portion of endpapers and half title in first volume (affecting three leaves and only blank space). Quite clean internally. An attractive set.

First English language edition of one of the most useful contemporary authorities on French Louisiana, based on the author’s sixteen-year residence there. Jefferson owned a copy of this London edition, and instructed Lewis and Clark to take a copy on their expedition (Lewis borrowed Benjamin Smith Barton’s single-volume second London edition of 1774). Le Page du Pratz offers a great deal of useful information about the Natchez and other Mississippi tribes, and his work as a whole has been the basis for many later studies of the period. “...Valuable for showing French claims to southern territory east of the Mississippi and for particulars concerning Indian nations there” – Howes. Of special interest is a short account of Louis de St. Denis’ expedition to New Mexico in 1715. “...A curious mixture of history, travel narrative, tall stories, and reminiscences...touch[ing] upon almost every phase of Louisiana in his time...” – Clark. There is a folding plan of New Orleans and a “Carte de la Louisiane,” which shows a large eastward-flowing Missouri River. HOWES L266, “b.” CLARK I:75. PILLING, PROOF-SHEETS 2261. GRAFF 2463. RADER 2219. SABIN 40122. RAINES, p.73. STREETER SALE 130. FIELD 911. WHEAT TRANSMISSISSIPPI 158. SOWERBY 4068. LITERATURE OF THE LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 1a.2. $5000.

Important French History of the Revolution

100. [Leboucher, Odet-Julien]: HISTOIRE DE LA DERNIERE GUERRE, ENTRE LA GRANDE-BRETAGNE, ET LES ÉTATS- UNIS DE L’AMÉRIQUE, LA FRANCE, L’ESPAGNE, ET LA HOLLANDE. Paris: Chez Brocas, 1787. [34],357,[3]pp. plus seven folding maps and two folding tables. Quarto. Contemporary dark purple morocco backed pebbled cloth covered boards, spine gilt, marbled endpapers. Very good. Provenance: Bernard de Marigny (signature on title).

First edition of one of the best contemporary histories of the American Revolution, described by Howes as the “best French chronicle of the Revolution; particularly valuable on naval affairs.” The maps include an excellent one of the American coast from Georgia to New Jersey, another from that region north to Nova Scotia, and several of the West Indies. The folding maps also include the Gulf of Mexico, St. Kitt’s, and the Lesser Antilles. The folding tables detail war ships lost by combat, wreck, or capture, and the French officers killed or wounded. This copy belonged to the son of a French naval hero and a founding member of the Society of Cincinnati. The titlepage is signed by Bernard de Marigny, the son of Charles-René-Louis, vicomte de Bernard de Marigny (1740-1816), an associate of Benjamin Franklin, and the commander of the French frigates Belle Poule, Junon, and the captured H.M.S. Ardent during the war. His son has annotated this copy with interesting marginalia (one dated 1842) in French concerning his father, mother, and family relations, as well as George Washington, Lafayette, and more. HOWES L169. BELL L130. LeCLERC 827. SABIN 39613. $3000.

101. [Livingston, Philip]: THE OTHER SIDE OF THE QUESTION: OR, A DEFENCE OF THE LIBERTIES OF NORTH-AMERI- CA. IN ANSWER TO A LATE FRIENDLY ADDRESS TO ALL REASONABLE AMERICANS, ON THE SUBJECT OF OUR PO- LITICAL CONFUSIONS. By a Citizen. New York: Printed by James Rivington, 1774. 29,[1]pp. plus [1]p. publisher’s advertisement. 20th-century three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Extremities rubbed. Light foxing and toning, a bit heavier on titlepage. About very good.

Livingston was born in Albany, New York in 1716. He graduated from Yale in 1737, and subsequently established himself as a very successful businessman in New York. His first political post was as an alderman in the city. In 1754 he attended the Colonial Convention in Albany, and then the congress of 1774 (at about the time the present work was published). He was selected as a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1776, and voted in favor of the Declaration of Independence, which he subsequently signed. He died suddenly while attending the congress of 1778 in York, Pennsylvania. The present work was written by Livingston in response to a pamphlet published in New York in 1774 entitled, A Friendly Address to All Reason- able Americans, by Thomas Bradbury Chandler (1726-90), a Tory. SABIN 41634. EVANS 13381. CHURCH 1106. STEVENS, NUGGETS 2060. HOWES L398, “aa.” AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 128. NAIP w021592. $1750.

Arms for Louisiana

102. [Louisiana]: [Compagnie d’Occident]: ARREST DU CONSEIL D’ESTAT DU ROY, QUI DISPENSE LES VAISSEAUX ARMEZ PAR LA COMPAGNIE D’OCCIDENT POUR LA LOUISIANE, D’Y PORTER LES ENGAGEZ & FULFILS, A QUOY SONT AS- SUJETIS LES VAISSEAUX DESTINEZ POUR LES COLONIES, PAR LE REGLEMENT DU 16 NOVEMBRE 1716. DU DIXIEME JANVIER 1718. Paris. 1718. 3pp. Quarto, on a folded folio sheet. Contem- porary inscription. Fine.

A French royal decree regarding shipments of rifles and armaments for the Com- pagnie d’Occident bound for Louisiana. Wroth locates only the copy at Yale, which is also the only copy located in OCLC. Rare. This copy is from the library of Cardinal Etienne Charles de Lomenie de Brienne (1727-94), Minister of Louis XVI, Archbishop of Toulouse and of Sens. A friend of Voltaire and a member of the Académie Française, Brienne wielded significant power as head of the Finance Ministry, which earned him many enemies. He died in prison during the French Revolution, despite having renounced Catholicism in 1793 (presumably as an attempt to save his life). WROTH, ACTS OF FRENCH ROYAL ADMINISTRATION 627. MAGGS, FRENCH COLONISATION OF AMERICA 104 (this copy). $1750.

103. [Louisiana]: ARREST DU CONSEIL D’ETAT DU ROI, CONCER- NANT LE PAYEMENT DES BILLETS DE CAISSE DE LA COL- ONIE DE LA LOUISIANE. DU 23 MARS 1769. Paris. 1769. 3pp. Quarto, on a folded folio sheet. Light dampstaining in bottom corner; three small worm holes in upper corner, not affecting text. Near fine.

A series of articles governing the settlement of certain French accounts left over from France’s possession of Louisiana, after the turnover of the territory to Spain in 1763. Wroth locates only the copy at the John Carter Brown Library; OCLC adds no more. Rare. MAGGS, FRENCH COLONISATION OF AMERICA 571 (this copy). WROTH, ACTS OF FRENCH COLONIAL ADMINISTRATION 1790. $850. With a Woodcut Depicting the Death of the “Virtuous Patriot”

104. Low, Nathanael: AN ASTRONOMICAL DIARY: OR, ALMANACK FOR THE YEAR OF CHRISTIAN AERA, 1775. Boston: John Knee- land, [1774]. [24]pp. 12mo. Dbd. Minor foxing and toning. Very good.

An important Revolutionary almanac. The titlepage has a large woodcut entitled “The virtuous patriot at the hour of death,” and the first four pages contain “An address to the inhabitants of Boston,” in which Low rails against the British. Addressing British-occupied Boston, he writes: “[Your countrymen] are sensible the heavy hand of power under which you are now groaning is designed only as a prelude to the utter abolishment of American freedom.” He goes on to decry the Intolerable Acts as a prelude to an era of American slavery to Britain, and to write prophetically: “My dear brethren, the destiny of America seems to be suspended on the present controversy; and it is on your fidelity, firmness, and good conduct, for which you have so remarkably signalized yourselves on all occasions, that a happy issue of it in a great measure depends.” Just months after this almanac was published, the first shots of the Revolution would be fired at Lexington and Concord. EVANS 13384. DRAKE 3241. $1500.

The Printer of Common Sense Prints the Opposite View: “...to support the Freedom of the Press...”

105. [Macpherson, James]: THE RIGHTS OF GREAT BRITAIN AS- SERTED AGAINST THE CLAIMS OF AMERICA; BEING AN ANSWER TO THE DECLARATION OF THE GENERAL CON- GRESS. London, Printed; Philadelphia Re-printed, and sold by Robert Bell, 1776. 92,[4]pp. plus folding table. Modern three-quarter morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Lightly foxed. Very good.

First American edition of one of the most widely circulated English pamphlets of the Revolution, first published in London in December 1775 and issued in twenty separate editions over the next year. It was written anonymously, and various authors have been suggested, but Adams settles on Macpherson, a hack writer employed by Lord North. Other authors have been put forward, and the titlepage of this one states, “said to be written by Lord George Germain,” although there seems to be no basis for this. The text is a direct reply to the Declaration of the United Colonies of North America...Setting Forth the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms, which it also reprints. The pamphlet vigorously argues the British government position on taxation and government in violent language. Sabin quotes The Monthly Review: “[The pamphlet] will answer no other purpose than to exasperate the people of Great Britain against their brethren in America; and by inflaming misrepresenta- tions and invectives, aggravate the evils of our present civil discord.” This American edition was issued by Robert Bell, the publisher of Common Sense. Given the popularity of the pamphlet and its extraordinary interest, it was probably published by him as soon as it reached Philadelphia. This means it came from his press within a few weeks of the first edition of Common Sense. Obviously sensitive to this, Bell added a four-page postscript only found in this edition, titled “A few more Words, on the Freedom of the press, Addressed by the Printer, to the Friends of Liberty in America.” In it Bell argues that real liberty means full freedom of the press, including the freedom to publish all points of view: “Thus far the Printer still thinks it indispensibly [sic] his duty to support the Freedom of the PRESS, in which all the lovers of genuine Liberty are deeply interested.” Rare, and of profound import. HOWES D37 (ascribing authorship to John Dalrymple). SABIN 27145. EVANS 14727. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 220s. $25,000.

Item 106. A Letter from One of the Most Elusive Members of the Federal Constitutional Convention, While Attending

106. Martin, Luther: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM LU- THER MARTIN TO NICHOLAS LOW, CONCERNING A PAY- MENT; WRITTEN FROM, AND MENTIONING, THE CONSTI- TUTIONAL CONVENTION]. Philadelphia. July 1, 1787. [1]p. Folio. Old fold lines. Some separation at one fold; light wear and soiling. About very good.

Luther Martin, Founding Father and delegate to the Federal Constitutional Con- vention, writes regarding a debt owed to him by New York City merchant Nicholas Low (1739-1826). Martin (1748-1826) was a New Jersey-born lawyer and politician who set up his practice in Maryland, where he took up the patriotic cause and became involved in Revolutionary government. He served as Maryland’s attorney general from 1778 to 1805, and later from 1818 to 1822. He served as a Maryland delegate to the Constitutional Convention, where he was an important proponent of the rights of the smaller states, helping to frame the New Jersey Plan. He left the Convention before the Constitution was finalized, refusing to sign without a Bill of Rights. As part of his protest he broke the vow of secrecy agreed to by members of the Convention and published the only contemporary account of its proceedings, The Genuine Information... (Philadelphia, 1788). In this letter he writes from the Convention:

Sir, I procured a judgment to be ordered up in your suit on the terms proposed at our last court. The gentleman who on your behalf employed me in the suit informed me on a judgt. being obtained I should receive twenty guineas as a fee for my services. I have as yet received nothing, on the contrary have in the first instance to answer to the different officers the costs of prosecuting the suit as you live out of the state of Maryland. I am at present attending the Convention in the city and shall be for a considerable time. A remittance to me in this city or a draught on your correspondent here for the above sum would be particularly acceptable as I never wanted it more. $3500.

American Militia

107. [Martin, Samuel]: A PLAN FOR ESTABLISHING AND DISCI- PLINING A NATIONAL MILITIA IN GREAT BRITAIN, AND IN ALL THE BRITISH DOMINIONS OF AMERICA. London: Printed for A. Millar, 1745. [2],xlvii,106pp. Modern half calf and marbled boards, spine gilt, leather label. Bookplate on front pastedown. Light staining to margins of text. About very good.

First issue. Outlines measures to be taken, particularly in North America for protection against France, “now at enmity, whose interest it is to subdue by fraud or force, all those Countries lying between his dominions and the sea. For preventing such encroachments, no means can be so effectual as a general Militia....” Protec- tion of the Newfoundland fisheries is also considered. A long appendix treats the necessity of improving the naval strength of Britain, examining the added benefits which would accrue to trade with the colonies, etc. SABIN 63269. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 745/134. GOLDSMITHS 8200. ESTC T93627. $1500.

Item 108. The Beginnings of Convict “Transportation” from England, and the Colony of Maryland as Convict Colony

108. [Maryland]: [Convict Transportation]: A TRUE LIST OF ALL MALEFACTORS SHIPPED ABOARD THE MARGARET, WIL- LIAM GREENWOOD COMMANDER, BOUND FOR MARY- LAND PURSUANT TO ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT MADE, INDENTURED AND AGREED UPON, BETWEEN THE RIGHT HONBLE. THE LORDS COMMISSIONERS OF HIS MAJESTIES TREASURY & JONATHN. FORWARD OF LONDON, MERCHT. OF THE OTHER PART [manuscript caption title]. [London]. May 11, 1719. [2]pp. on large folio sheet, docketed on verso. Old folds. Some wear and minor loss along central fold, a few small edge tears. Some light wear and soiling. Very good.

A remarkable document in the history of emigration to the American colonies, this manifest signed by multiple British officials records the first “transportation” of convicts to the New World from Great Britain, sold into a limited form of slavery for seven years as indentured servants. The convicts were to be shipped to the colony of Maryland under the Transportation Act, a newly devised system to remove malefactors from England and provide labor in the colonies. This manuscript lists 113 convicts who were to be delivered to the colony of Maryland, signed by William Greenwood, commander of the ship Margaret, and the turnkeys of Marshalsea and Newgate prisons in London. This ship was particularly noteworthy as probably the first to ship prisoners under the Transportation Act, which became law on May 10, 1719, standardizing the process of shipping felons to the North American colonies. In the course of the 18th century Great Britain sent thousands of such prisoners to various colonies in America, and much later but more famously, to Australia. At the time this was argued to provide a humane alternative to execution while helping staff the struggling plantations of the southern colonies. The prisoners in this group were sold for about £10 per head to American masters for terms of seven years. A London merchant named Jonathan Forward (named in this document) was granted the concession for arranging the sales. The document lists the men in three columns, two from Marshalsea and one from Newgate; the Marshalsea columns also indicate which towns the men originally hailed from. One annotation indicates that one John Dobson, a “Blower,” was already “pd. for”; a note beside the names of Robert Trix and William Jenkyns notes that they are “not contracted for.” The sheet is docketed on the verso by officials of the city of London and the courts of Surrey, Hertford, Essex, Kent, and Sussex, recognizing and certifying delivery of the convicts into the care of Jonathan Forward. A remarkable and fascinating document, standing at the beginning of the long history of “transportation,” a criminal code which had an extraordinary impact of the settlement of the world by Europeans. $12,500. 109. [Maseres, Francis]: AN ACCOUNT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE BRITISH, AND OTHER PROTESTANT INHABITANTS, OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBECK, IN NORTH-AMERICA, IN ORDER TO OBTAIN AN [sic] HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY IN THAT PROVINCE. London. 1775. Two volumes. 294pp. [with:] [Maseres, Fran- cis]: ADDITIONAL PAPERS CONCERNING THE PROVINCE OF QUEBECK: BEING AN APPENDIX TO THE BOOK ENTI- TLED, “AN ACCOUNT OF THE PROCEEDINGS OF THE BRIT- ISH....” London. 1776. 510pp. Contemporary three-quarter calf and marbled boards, rebacked, leather label. Boards rubbed, extremities worn. Contemporary bookplate on front pastedowns. Light soiling to titlepages; minor scattered foxing to text. Contemporary manuscript index at end of each volume. Very good.

Maseres served as attorney-general of Quebec from 1766 to 1769. He was active in the affairs of the province and wrote several pamphlets on the legal and political administration of Quebec. “Known as the Quebec Papers, [An Account of the Proceed- ings...] is perhaps the most important of all Maseres’ contributions to Canadian history, and contains original material pertaining to early British rule in Canada” – Lande. The text of the Quebec Act of 1774 is also printed herein, as well as numerous petitions and addresses to the British Ministry from both the British Protestant and French Catholic inhabitants of the province prior to and following its enactment. Maseres became a spokesman in England for the English-speaking merchants in Quebec who supported the repeal of the Quebec Act. The controversial Act officially recognized the Roman Catholic religion and allowed the collection of tithes by the Church, substituted French for British civil law (although British criminal law was continued), left the seigneurial system unchanged, and revoked the promise of an elected assembly contained in the Royal Proclamation of 1763, instituting government by an appointed council. The appendix or sequel volume includes important letters and documents concerning the Quebec Act, martial law, Maseres’ Plan of a Convenient Method of Administering Justice in the Province of Quebeck in North-America, etc. GAGNON I:14, 26. DIONNE II:806, 812. LANDE 613, 614. JCB II:2131, 2278. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 75-96. SABIN 45411. TPL 468, 490. VLACH 525, 526. $2000.

The Concord Convention for Price Controls

110. [Massachusetts]: PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONVENTION BE- GUN AND HELD AT CONCORD, IN THE COUNTY OF MID- DLESEX, IN AND FOR THE PURPOSE OF CARRYING INTO EFFECT THE SEVERAL INTERESTING AND IMPORTANT MEASURES RECOMMENDED BY CONGRESS, TO THE IN- HABITANTS OF THE UNITED STATES, IN THEIR LATE WISE, SEASONABLE, AND ANIMATING ADDRESS. [Boston: Benjamin Edes and Sons, 1779]. [3]pp. Folio. Folded bifolium sheet. Old fold lines. Light soiling and wear. Reinforced with silk at two folds. Some contemporary manuscript notations. Good. Matted.

An account of the Concord Convention, that “includes a list of delegates for each town, the thirteen resolutions passed by the convention for controlling the depreciation of Continental currency through price regulation, and an Address to the inhabitants of the state of Massachusetts-Bay” (NAIP). At the time of the Convention, the colonies were embroiled in a financial crisis. The Continental dollar was depreciating rapidly, and it was becoming increasingly difficult for the state and national governments to supply the army. Local measures such as those illustrated here provided temporary stop-gaps, but it took sweeping Congressional reform involving creative debt funding to preserve the dollar long enough to win the actual war. A vital document in the history of price controls in Revolutionary America. ESTC records only seven copies. EVANS 16228. FORD, MASSACHUSETTS BROADSIDES 2175. NAIP w027879. $4000.

Early Boston Ordinances

111. [Massachusetts]: BY-LAWS AND TOWN ORDERS OF THE TOWN OF BOSTON, MADE AND PASSED AT SEVERAL MEETINGS IN 1785 AND 1786, AND DULY APPROVED BY THE COURT OF SESSIONS. Boston: Edmund Freeman, 1786. 158,[7] pp. Stitched as issued. Titlepage and following leaf with some chipping and loss to top corner, affecting two letters of text in title. Light soiling, some scattered foxing. Still, about very good. Untrimmed. In a half morocco and cloth slipcase.

Ordinances for the city of Boston, touching on all manner of subjects, including chimney upkeep, tax collection, regulation of the marketplaces, regulation of various vehicles, and more. With an alphabetical index. One such ordinance notes that women are not to be insulted in the streets. An interesting look at city life in Boston during this period. EVANS 19515. SABIN 6609. $1250.

The Greatest History of New England

112. Mather, Cotton: MAGNALIA CHRISTI AMERICANA: OR, THE ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF NEW-ENGLAND, FROM ITS FIRST PLANTING IN THE YEAR 1620. UNTO THE YEAR OF OUR LORD, 1698. IN SEVEN BOOKS.... London: Thomas Parkhurst, 1702. Seven parts. [30],38,[2],75,[2],238,[2],125-222,100,[2],88,118pp. plus folding map and four pages of publisher’s advertisements. Without errata leaves, as usual. Folio. Period-style paneled calf, spine gilt, leather label. Ti- tlepage reinforced along foredge; light to moderate staining, a few contemporary notations; small library ink stamp. Light soiling and foxing to text. A few leaves with small tears, some repaired. Minor foxing to map, else quite nice. About very good.

The first edition of what Streeter calls “the most famous American book of colonial times.” Mather’s opus is an indispensable source for the history of New England in the 17th century, both for its biographies and its history of civil, religious, and military affairs. Much of the book’s value rests in its incomparable wealth of detail regarding daily life in early colonial New England. David Hall has referred to it as “a mirror of the 1690’s,” the decade in which most of it was written. Far from being a dull chronicle of events, the Magnalia... is full of lively biographical pieces, vivid descriptions of the times, and many surprising sidelights. It has been mined by all modern scholars of social history for its unsurpassed view of New England at the end of the 17th century. The map, which depicts New England, Long Island, and eastern New York, has been labeled by cartographic historian Barbara McCorkle as “the first eighteenth-century general map of New England.” It was probably adopted from A New Map of New England. New York. New Iarsey. Pensilvania. Maryland. and Virginia, likely composed by Phillip Lea in 1680. A landmark in colonial New England history, and a book of increasing rarity. HOWES M391, “b.” STREETER SALE 658. EUROPEAN AMERICANA 702/127. HOLMES, COTTON MATHER 213. SABIN 46392. CHURCH 806. McCORKLE 702.3, 680.4 (ref ). CUMMING, BRITISH MAPS OF COLONIAL AMERICA, pp.31-33. MAP FORUM, PRINTED MAPS OF NEW ENGLAND TO 1780, 1702:01. SCHWARTZ & EHRENBERG, pp.133-34. $8500.

113. [Mather, Cotton, editor]: A COURSE OF SERMONS ON EARLY PIETY. BY THE EIGHT MINISTERS WHO CARRY ON THE THURSDAY LECTURE IN BOSTON. Boston: S. Kneeland, 1721. [2],v, [1],34,30,36,26,52,36,32,65,[1],16pp. Contemporary calf, rebacked preserving most of the original spine, corners repaired. Contemporary ownership inscriptions on front endpapers. Worming to front fly leaf, titlepage, and first five leaves, with some loss to imprint and text on lower portion of pages. Titlepage and fly leaf backed and repaired with tissue. Foxing and soiling with some slight wear. Two leaves in penultimate sermon trimmed close with slight loss to text. Good.

An important volume of sermons edited by colonial New England divine Cotton Mather. The works contained herein were targeted at a youthful, if not entirely juvenile, audience, focusing on the benefits and importance of “early piety.” The sermons are as follows: “A sermon, setting forth the nature of early piety...” by Ben- jamin Wadsworth; “The nature of early piety as it respects men” by Mr. Colman; “Sober-mindedness explain’d as a necessary part of early piety” by Joseph Sewall; “The great and solemn obligations to early piety” by Mr. Prince; “The peculiar advantages of early piety” by John Webb; “Objections answered” by Mr. Cooper; “Exhortations & directions to young people” by Mr. Foxcroft; and “Advice to the children of godly ancestors...” by Increase Mather. ESTC W20092. EVANS 2256. HOLMES, COTTON MATHER 76. HOLMES, IN- CREASE MATHER 3, 95. $3500.

114. Mauduit, Israel: A SHORT VIEW OF THE HISTORY OF THE COLONY OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY, WITH RESPECT TO THEIR CHARTERS AND CONSTITUTION. London. 1769. [2], 71pp. Modern boards, printed paper label. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Internally clean. Very good plus. In a half morocco and cloth folder. Lacks the half title.

Mauduit, who was a Loyalist once the Revolution came, firmly believed in the right of the British government to dictate to the colonies in general and Massachusetts in particular. “Strives to prove that this colony’s charter was not exempt from Par- liamentary authority” – Howes. Mauduit is perhaps best known for his Remarks Upon Gen. Howe’s Account of His Proceedings on Long-Island, in the Extraordinary Gazette of October 10, 1776 (London, 1778). Only a handful of copies in ESTC. HOWES M431. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 68-21a. SABIN 46921. ESTC T100618. $1750.

The Mohawk Prayer Book

115. [Mohawk Language]: THE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE SACRAMENTS, AND OTHER RITES AND CEREMONIES OF THE CHURCH, ACCORDING TO THE USE OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND: TOGETHER WITH A COLLECTION OF OCCASIONAL PRAYERS, AND DIVERS SENTENCES OF HOLY SCRIPTURE, NECESSARY FOR KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE.... London. 1787. iii,505,[1]pp. plus frontispiece, English language titlepage, Mohawk language titlepage, and eighteen plates. Original calf boards, gilt tooled, neatly rebacked in matching calf, leather label. Minor foxing and toning, primarily to plates. Very good.

The first illustrated edition of The Book of Common Prayer in the Mohawk language, styled on the titlepage: “A New Edition to which is added The Gospel according to St. Mark, Translated into the Mohawk Language By Captn. Joseph Brant, An Indian of the Mohawk Nation.” Joseph Brant was a Mohawk chief who fought in the American Revolution and led his tribe into Canada in 1784 to live by the Grand River north of Lake Erie. His translation of the Gospel is the first appearance of the entire gospel in Mohawk. The Book of Common Prayer was first printed in Mohawk in 1715 by William Bradford, with editions in 1769 and 1780. The present edition, printed in parallel English and Mohawk, was revised by Daniel Claus, Deputy Superintendent of Indian Affairs, and printed for the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. A preface is provided by Charles Inglis, the first Bishop of Nova Scotia. The excellent engravings, which depict biblical images and events, were produced by James Peachey, a British officer, surveyor, and artist who was stationed in Canada off and on from 1773 to 1797. FIELD 1073. LANDE 1671. JCB II:3141. SABIN 6351. PILLING, IROQUOIAN, pp.14-16. TPL 589 (imperfect). ALLODI, PRINTMAKING IN CANADA, pp.2-3. $3500.

116. Moore, Thomas [pseudonym]: THE NEW-YORK POCKET ALMA- NACK, FOR THE YEAR 1769. BEING THE FIRST AFTER LEAP YEAR. AND THE 9th YEAR OF HIS MAJESTY’S REIGN, AF- TER THE 25th OF OCTOBER, 1768. CALCULATED FOR THE USE OF THE PROVINCE OF NEW-YORK, AND THE NEIGH- BOURING PROVINCES. New York: Printed and sold by Hugh Gaine, [1768]. [48]pp. plus fourteen inserted leaves. Printer’s advertisement on the last page. Contemporary floral-patterned rear wrapper, front wrapper lacking. Rear wrapper rubbed. Contemporary manuscript notes by Henry Van Schaack. First page stained. Overall, very good.

A very rare colonial-era New York Almanac, NAIP and Drake only locating one copy, at the Oneida Historical Society. Evans lists the author as “Richard” Moore, and notes it as a pseudonym. NAIP says that the actual author is John Hutchins, who also published the Hutchins Improved almanac with Hugh Gaine in 1769. In addition to the calendar for the year, the printed almanac includes information on Quaker general meetings, currency exchange rates, lists of British officers and officials throughout North America, an extensive table with distances between towns, and court sessions in New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. Manuscript notes detail financial transactions and shopping lists, but only fill six pages of the inserted leaves. DRAKE 5804. EVANS 10980. NAIP w038510. $1500.

Arguing for Ties with England After the Stamp Act

117. [Morgan, John, et al]: FOUR DISSERTATIONS, ON THE RECIP- ROCAL ADVANTAGES OF A PERPETUAL UNION BETWEEN GREAT-BRITAIN AND HER AMERICAN COLONIES. WRIT- TEN FOR MR. SARGENT’S PRIZE-MEDAL. TO WHICH (BY DESIRE) IS PREFIXED, AN EULOGIUM.... Philadelphia: William and Thomas Bradford, 1766. x,viii,12,[2],112pp. Contemporary calf, neatly rebacked, spine gilt, leather label. Corners rubbed, boards lightly scuffed. Mi- nor foxing. One leaf torn, but neatly repaired at an earlier date. Very good.

Dissertations given by students at the College of Philadelphia, today the University of Pennsylvania. “The dissertations are by John Morgan, Stephen Watts, Joseph Reed, and Francis Hopkinson. The Eulogium is by Provost William Smith. Mr. Sargent was a Bristol merchant who had given the money for the medal instead of making a contribution to the support of the college when asked by Smith during a fund-raising trip to England. Sargent specified that union with Great Britain was to be the topic of the dissertation” – Adams. Reasons for union include the continuance of good commerce and joy of common union with other Britons. One author does note, however, that should laws be passed “as would bear hard upon the liberty or property of the Colonies; this measure would doubtless have a natural tendency to sow the seeds of discontent.” EVANS 10400. HILDEBURN 2213. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 40a. ESTC W20332. $2500.

A Signer of the Declaration from New York

118. Morris, Lewis: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM LEWIS MORRIS TO HIS SON, JACOB, CONGRATULATING HIM ON THE BIRTH OF HIS DAUGHTER]. Morrisania. Aug. 23, 1788. [1] p. plus integral address leaf. Folio. Old fold lines. Light soiling and toning. Slight separation at some folds. About very good. In a blue half morocco and cloth clamshell case.

Affectionate letter written by Lewis Morris to his son, Jacob, congratulating him on the birth of a daughter. Lewis Morris, the brother of Gouverneur Morris, was one of the few members of the landed gentry of the state of New York who supported the colonial cause. He served in the Continental Congress, was a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and served in both the New York State Militia and its Senate. His son, Jacob, though educated for a mercantile career, was moved by the patriotic fervor of the times and served as aide to both generals Charles Lee and Nathanael Greene; he served with distinction at Fort Moultrie. After the war he served in the New York legislature; the town of Morris, New York, which he settled, is named for him. Lewis Morris writes:

My dear Son, I most sincerely congratulate you on Polly’s safe delivery of as fine a girl as ever you saw, it looks like your Mother, the finest feature in her face is her nose, which is very large; Polly was delivered on the 21st instant, a little after four o’clock in the afternoon, by old Mother Sickels, and she had a very fine time of it, and the old woman went away well pleased after tea with her fee. She is now very well, and has her nurse with her who seems a good creature, so that we expect in a short time she will be down again and making her boys winter cloaks, which she was very busy about just before she lay in. Your boys and girls are all very well. Yesterday by the packet I had a long letter from your brother James, who was then at Spaw in Germany and by a vessel from London, your good uncle Staats before he went to Spaw, sent me four pr. of most excellent shoes, and two pr. of boots, one a strong pr the other for day. I find this letter flying; a day or two ago I saw Mr. Upton at New York and he says in a short time he will go up then I will write you a long letter. Give our love to Billy tell him his cattle thrive very well. By Mr. Upton I will write you both and give you all the politick going.

The letter is sent care of Charles Webster, printer at Albany who, in partnership with Solomon Balantine, established the second newspaper printed in that city. $4000.

A Share in an Investment Disaster

119. [Morris, Robert]: [PRINTED CERTIFICATE FOR THE NORTH AMERICAN LAND COMPANY, COMPLETED IN MANU- SCRIPT AND SIGNED BY JAMES MARSHALL AND ROBERT MORRIS]. Philadelphia. Feb. 20, 1793. Broadside, 10 x 12 inches. Old fold lines. Minor soiling and chipping. Scalloped cut along left margin. Very good.

Robert Morris was a signer of the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the United States Constitution, and the “Financier of the Revolution.” In this document he grants three shares in the North American Land Company to Dr. Enoch Edwards. Edwards, a surgeon by trade, was a leading patriot who served as a member of the June 18, 1776 Provincial Congress, and a signer of the 1790 Pennsylvania Constitution. Robert Morris played a leading role in the financial decisions of the Revolutionary government: he founded the first national bank, sought to fund public debts by means of a national revenue, and used his own funds, when necessary, to finance the Revolution and the fledgling American government. In the late 1780s and the 1790s, Morris speculated extensively in various land deals, becoming fabulously wealthy and then losing everything in 1798, spending two and a half years in debtors prison. The North American Land Company, the most ambitious of his schemes, is the venture that finally brought about Morris’ downfall. Counter signed by Secretary James Marshall, brother of future chief justice John Marshall. $3750.

120. Mortier, Pierre: CARTE GENERAL DE LA CAROLINE. DRESSE SUR LES MEMOIRES LE PLUS NOUVEAUX PAR LE SIEUA [sic] S***. Amsterdam: P. Mortier, [1700]. Copper-engraved map, with original outline color. Sheet size: 24½ x 19½ inches. Very good.

A fine copy of the first map of the Carolinas to be printed outside of England, including an inset of Charleston with the names and positions of early plantations along the Ashley and Cooper rivers, present here in the first state. This map was included as part of Pierre Mortier’s Suite de Neptune François, published in Am- sterdam in 1700, and often incorrectly attributed to Nicolas Sanson. It is directly derived from the extremely rare A New Map of Carolina of 1685 by John Thornton, Robert Morden, and Philip Lea. All topographical details are identical to those of its antecedent; however, most of the place names have been Gallicized. Also, “The table of settlers” has been omitted in favor of the title caption. Amusingly, “Charle Ville ou Charles Towne” is written in large letters near Cape Fear, while the actual Charles Towne is labeled in small letters further down the coast. The present map includes an inset detail of Charleston and the Cooper and Ashley rivers, with the names and positions of various early plantations marked along their banks. “Carolina was established in 1663 when Charles II granted the province to eight favorites, known as the Lord Proprietors, who had helped him regain the throne of England. The original grant included the territory between the 31st degree to 36½ degrees north latitude, from Jekyll Island, Georgia, to Curritiuck Inlet, North Carolina. Two years later, the tract was enlarged to include the land between the 29th and the 31st degrees north latitude, thus adding a large portion of Florida. The grant extended west to the Pacific Ocean” – Degrees of Latitude. BURDEN, THE MAPPING OF NORTH AMERICA II:767. CUMMING, THE SOUTHEAST IN EARLY MAPS 120. KOEMAN, ATLANTES NEERLANDICI IV, M. Mor 7-33. $6500.

The First Book of Music Set from Type in America

121. [Music, American]: [Psalms]: THE PSALMS OF DAVID, WITH THE TEN COMMANDMENTS, CREED, LORD’S PRAYER, &c. IN METRE. ALSO, THE CATECHISM, CONFESSION OF FAITH, LITURGY, &c. TRANSLATED FROM THE DUTCH. New York: James Parker, 1767. [4],479,[9],143,[1]pp. Antique-style three- quarter calf and marbled boards, leather label. Titlepage neatly repaired at bottom, not affecting text. Two contemporary signatures on titlepage. Light tanning and scattered foxing. Very good.

The first book of music printed from type in America. “This is the First Edition, in English, of the Prayer-Book of the Reformed Dutch Church of New York. It is a translation of the old Holland liturgy. The translation of the book from the Dutch was made by the Rev. John Livingston, D.D. The Psalms were rendered into English verse by Francis Hopkinson, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. There are one hundred fifty Psalms in metre, accompanied on every page by the printed music. The type for the music notes was ordered from Daniel Cromelin, of Amsterdam, in 1764. The Ten Commandments are also versi- fied and supplied with music. These are followed by the Songs of Zacharias, the Virgin Mary, and Simeon. The same musical treatment is given to the Creed and the Lord’s Prayer” – Church. EVANS 10561. ESTC W6234. CHURCH 1067. AMERICAN SACRED MUSIC IM- PRINTS 398. $7500.

By the First Indian Agent to Carolina

122. [Nairne, Thomas]: A LETTER FROM SOUTH CAROLINA; GIV- ING AN ACCOUNT OF THE SOIL, AIR, PRODUCT, TRADE, GOVERNMENT, LAWS, RELIGION, PEOPLE, MILITARY STRENGTH, &c. OF THAT PROVINCE; TOGETHER WITH THE MANNER AND NECESSARY CHARGES OF SETLING [sic] A PLANTATION THERE, AND THE ANNUAL PROFIT IT WILL PRODUCE...The Second Edition. London: J. Clarke, 1732. 63,[1] pp. Later marbled paper wrappers. Very good.

This work presents “an unusually fine account of the fur trade, Indian relations, and the activities of the French west of the mountains. As to accuracy of observations, style, organization and presentation, it is one of the finest accounts of colonial South Carolina. Nairne...had advocated the planning of a Swiss colony west of the Savannah, but he was never able to accomplish this objective, since the Yamassees burned him at the stake in 1715” (Clark). Styled the “Second Edition” on the titlepage, this is in fact the third edition, after those of 1710 and 1718. The attribution of authorship has frequently been debated. Others have suggested that the author was Jean Pierre Purry, though it is more likely that he was the recipient of the letter. Nairne, one of the great figures in the early history of South Carolina, was appointed “Agent and Itinerary Justice Among the Indians” in 1707. SABIN 87861. HOWES N5, “b.” CLARK I:128. $6500.

Political Infighting on Representation from New York to the Second Continental Congress

123. [New York]: [Continental Congress]: TO THE PUBLIC. MANY CITIZENS BEING DESIROUS OF SEEING THE MOTION, MADE IN COMMITTEE, ON THE 6th INSTANT, BY MR. HENRY REMSEN, IT IS NOW PUBLISHED FOR THEIR CON- SIDERATION [caption title]. [New York: John Holt, March 13, 1775]. Broadside, 9 x 7 inches. Inlaid in modern paper frame. Minor soiling. Very good plus. In a half morocco box.

A broadside urging citizens of New York to oppose a provincial convention and directly elect their delegates to the Second Continental Congress. The text begins by quoting Henry Remsen’s proposal for direct election. The author, who signs himself as “A Voter,” states that this is “a Scheme to turn out some of the old five delegates, in order to make room for some other folks.” In the end, the New York Provincial Convention was called to elect the five New York City delegates in April, sending back four of the five: Philip Livingston, John Jay, James Duane, and John Alsop. The fifth, Isaac Low, is described in this broadside as “one of whom has already declared he will not put it in the Power of Deputies to deprive him of the honor of serving you.” He was not returned, and eventually became a Loyalist, was declared treasonable by the New York Legislature in 1779, and fled to England when the British left New York. The Second Continental Congress met in May 1775 and stayed in session through September, taking many of the key steps in the move toward Independence, and managing the war effort. NAIP locates only three copies of this broadside, at the Library of Congress, New-York Historical, and New York Public Library. EVANS 14511. $6000.

The Olive Branch Petition, with George III Swallowing the Bitter Pill, 1782

124. [Olive Branch Petition]: [George III]: A TRUE COPY OF THE PE- TITION FROM THE GENERAL CONGRESS IN AMERICA TO HIS MAJESTY, WHICH WAS DELIVERED TO LORD DART- MOUTH THE 1st OF SEPTEMBER, 1775, AND TO WHICH HIS LORDSHIP SAID NO ANSWER WOULD BE GIVEN [caption title]. [with:] PART OF HIS MAJESTY’S SPEECH, AS DELIVERED TO BOTH HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT, ON THURSDAY, 5th OF DECEMBER, 1782. London: Printed for John Hardy, by order of A. Shef- field, [1782]. Broadside, 18½ x 11¼ inches. Old folds. Some minor loss at folds, a few tears at edges, lightly soiled. Very good. In a folio size blue half morocco and cloth clamshell box.

The second known copy of this broadside printing of the famous Olive Branch Petition, the last concerted effort to reconcile with Great Britain and prevent war, here printed much after the fact with the King’s December 1782 speech agreeing to American independence, which had just been delivered. The purpose of the broadside seems to strike an ironic contrast between what might have happened if the King had accepted the Petition, and what he was forced to agree to seven years later, after a ruinous war which largely dismantled Britain’s North American empire. Though outright war seemed imminent after both Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill, the Continental Congress remained under heavy criticism by some for what was described as a failure to exhaust all peaceful avenues of reconciliation without resorting to arms. In a final effort to maintain peace between the colonies and Great Britain, the Continental Congress drafted what has become known as the “Olive Branch Petition” on July 8, 1775, a final statement of their concerns and hopes for a peaceful resolution. Richard Penn and Arthur Lee conveyed the petition to England, but they reported in September that the King would not receive it, making it clear to the leaders in Philadelphia that war was now the only option. The Petition was first printed in Philadelphia in 1775 and reprinted several times that year in both Philadelphia and London in pamphlet form. The present issue appears to be the only one printed in broadside format. It is signed in type by John Hancock, followed by the names of all the Signers. The combination of the petition with the remarks given by George III on December 5, 1782 presents an ironic contrast. The King was only dragged by his ministers to admit the independence of the United States after the Provisional Articles of Peace had been agreed to, and it was clear that military force would not prevail. In the address the King says, “I have sacrificed every consideration of my own to the wishes and opinion of my people,” making it clear that it was not his choice. Nevertheless, he went on to agree to American Independence, one of the final formal hurdles to the full recognition of the United States. Not in ESTC. Only one copy located in OCLC, at The New York Public Library. An important and interesting broadside, bringing the story of the Revo- lution full circle. OCLC 44192272. $12,500.

The First British Edition of Common Sense

125. [Paine, Thomas]: COMMON SENSE: ADDRESSED TO THE INHABITANTS OF AMERICA, ON THE FOLLOWING IN- TERESTING SUBJECTS...A NEW EDITION, WITH SEVERAL ADDITIONS IN THE BODY OF THE WORK. TO WHICH IS ADDED AN APPENDIX; TOGETHER WITH AN ADDRESS TO THE PEOPLE CALLED QUAKERS. Philadelphia, printed; London, re-printed: For J. Almon, 1776. [4],54pp. Bound to style in antique calf and marbled boards, leather label. Slight wear at edge of titlepage, slight marginal loss to last leaf, not affecting text. Minor soiling and foxing. Very good.

The first British edition, third issue, of Paine’s monumentally important pamphlet. The work was of such general interest that this London edition was issued before the Declaration of Independence, with notices of it appearing in periodicals in June 1776. Gimbel identifies four separate issues of this first London printing: issued with Plain Truth... with blank spaces where offending passages (hiatuses) were left out; the same with blanks completed in manuscript; issued by itself with the blank spaces; and by itself with the blanks completed in manuscript. The present copy conforms to the third description. The hiatuses replaced words in Paine’s original text that cast aspersions on the British crown and government. Usually the blank spaces simply replace words, but sometimes they remove entire phrases or sentences. In the present copy those hiatuses remain blank. GIMBEL CS-26. HOWES P17. SABIN 58214. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 76- 107c. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 222y. GROLIER AMERICAN 100, 14. $12,500. 126. [Paine, Thomas]: COMMON SENSE. PART IV. [Contained in:] THE AMERICAN MUSEUM, OR REPOSITORY OF ANCIENT AND MODERN FUGITIVE PIECES, PROSE AND POETICAL. FOR MARCH, 1787. Vol. I. Number III. Philadelphia: Mathew Carey, 1787. [2],[195]-288pp. Original printed wrappers. Rear wrapper partially perished, spine gone. Minor soiling and foxing. Else very good. Untrimmed. In a half morocco folding case.

The conclusion of Paine’s Common Sense, which is subtitled here: “Of the present ability of America, with some miscellaneous reflections.” Published from 1787 to 1792, The American Museum... was America’s first literary magazine, and a pioneer- ing effort on the part of its publisher, Mathew Carey, to bring news to a national audience, and to develop and promote an indigenous literary culture. This issue also includes a letter from Jefferson to John Jay on tobacco, an article on the buffalo of Canada, a biography of Benjamin Franklin, and an article on Virginia which includes commentary about slaves and the hardships they face. ESTC P5392. $1000.

1701 Elections in New Hampshire

127. Partridge, William: [MANUSCRIPT DOCUMENT SIGNED BY WILLIAM PARTRIDGE, LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, ORDERING THE ELECTION OF A NEW REP- RESENTATIVE]. [Portsmouth]. July 23, 1701. [2]pp. Oblong folio. Old fold lines. Embossed wax seal. Negligible soiling. Fine.

Manuscript document calling for an election to replace Timothy Hillard in the General Assembly of the province, signed by Lieutenant Governor William Par- tridge. It is written in the hand of Charles Story, Secretary, who has also signed. New Hampshire was, at this time, under the governorship of Massachusetts Bay, which was the case until statehood in 1783. The document further lays out who can vote, when the election is to be held, and the terms of service. A note on the verso indicates that one Jno. Sheck [?] was elected to the Assembly. Partridge was lieutenant governor from 1697 to 1702. $1250.

128. Pendleton, Edmund: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM EDMUND PENDLETON TO MR. WEBB, REGARDING AN ES- TATE ACCOUNT]. Caroline, Va. July 29, 1790. [1]p. plus integral blank. Small quarto on a folded folio sheet. Old fold lines. Slight loss to blank due to wax seal. Very good and highly legible.

Virginia judge and patriot Edmund Pendleton recounts his involvement with the estate of Mr. George Turner. Pendleton (1721-1803) served as a representative to the First Continental Congress, was president of both of Virginia’s revolutionary conventions in 1775, and was also president of the powerful Committee of Safety for the state. Only an injury sustained in a fall from a horse kept him from being in the Second Congress and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He was elected president of the Virginia convention again in 1776, and under his direction Virginia’s delegates to the Continental Congress put forth a motion for independence from Britain. Following independence, he helped revise Virginia’s own Constitution, and worked tirelessly on behalf of the judicial system, serving as a chief justice in Virginia’s courts. Finally, he presided as president of Virginia’s Ratifying Convention for the Constitution in 1788. In this letter he writes to Mr. Webb, saying that he and his associate, Mr. Norton, must be mistaken as regards Pendleton’s responsibility for the debts of the estate of George Turner. He writes:

I was professionally engaged for Turner here & corresponded with the sollici- tor [sic] on the subject of the appeal to England, but the remittances to Mr. Norton were made by the parties, & the account kept in their names. It is true the decree was transmitted to me and my friend Mr. Norton mentioned the ballance due to him, requesting I would stimulate a remittance, which I did, & understood the money was lodged in the hands of Mr. Reuben Turner....

He indicates that in all his prior correspondence with Norton no mention has been made of his owing any money. He closes by saying, “I should be glad to serve the family on this or any other occasion, but am not otherwise concerned in the transaction.” Pendleton manuscript material is notoriously rare. This is a handsome letter in his neat hand, written a few years after he played a vital role in the passage of the Constitution. $1500. First Printed Edition of the 1796 Treaty of Friendship Between the United States and Spain Defining the Boundaries of Florida and Louisiana, and Securing Common Navigation of the Mississippi

129. [Pinckney’s Treaty]: REAL CEDULA OF S.M. Y SENORES DEL CONSEJO, EN QUE SE MANDA OBSERVAR Y GUARDAR EL TRATADO DE AMISTAD, LIMITES DE NAVEGACION CON- CLUIDO Y RATIFICADO ENTRE SU REAL PERSONA Y LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DE AMERICA. Madrid: En la Imprenta Real, 1796. 31pp. Folio. Gathered sheets, unstitched. Spine edge of first sheet a bit chipped. Minor soiling and foxing. Very good. In a half morocco clamshell case, cloth chemise.

The first printed edition of this far-reaching treaty, present in a certified copy with the Royal Coat of Arms on the title-leaf. The treaty, comprising twenty-three articles, was signed on Sept. 4, 1796. Senator Thomas Pinckney represented the United States in the difficult negotiations. Various clauses of the treaty define the boundaries of Florida, establish the Mississippi as the definite boundary between Spanish Louisiana and the settlements of the United States and, most significantly, secure common navigation of the Mississippi for Americans and Spaniards. After 1783, Spain had asserted her absolute right to the navigation of the Mississippi. To the western settler the Alleghenies and the bad roads were enough to cut off any other route to market than down the river, and it was not easy to restrain acts of forcible defiance of the Spanish claim. The northern states were willing to al- low the Spanish claim in return for a commercial treaty, but the southern states protested angrily, and the question threatened the stability of the United States. The specter was not laid to rest until the negotiation and ratification of this treaty, which had wide-reaching ramifications for American expansion. A very rare document. The Maggs-Streeter-Beinecke copy of this document realized $5000 at the Streeter sale in 1967. PALAU 250427. MEDINA 5765. STREETER SALE 1524. SERVIES 715 (later Alaca ed). $12,500.

Striking French Views of the American Revolution

130. Ponce, Nicolas: RECUEIL D’ESTAMPES REPRESENTANT LES DIFFERENTS EVENEMENS DE LA GUERRE QUI A PROCURE L’INDEPENDANCE AUX ETATS-UNIS L’AMERIQUE. Paris: chez M. Ponce et chez M. Godefroy, [1784]. Engraved throughout: title with integral text and vignettes, fifteen plates and maps with integral explanatory text (twelve views, two maps, and a final plate celebrating the peace of 1783). Quarto. Original French blue boards. Very good. In a blue half morocco and cloth case, spine gilt.

This collection of striking views is one of the few contemporary publications to illustrate scenes from the American Revolution. The first leaf is an engraved title with explanatory text and vignettes of battles. The plates illustrate the tarring and feathering of a tax collector; the battle of Lexington; the surrender at Saratoga; the attack of French forces on the island of Dominica; the surrender of Senegal; the capture of Grenada; Galvez capturing Pensacola; the capture of Tobago; the surrender of Cornwallis; three more scenes of fighting on Guadeloupe; two maps; and the final plate is a series of vignettes commemorating the Treaty of Versailles in 1783. Howes notes that this is the first French book to name the United States in the title. HOWES C576, “aa.” SABIN 68421. CRESSWELL 303-307, 333-342. OCLC 3944245. $4500.

131. [Privateering]: [Bonham, Samuel]: THE CASE OF SAMUEL BON- HAM, AND THE OTHER OWNERS OF THE ANNE GALLEY, JOSEPH SPECKMAN MASTER, BOUND FROM GUINEA TO THE ISLAND OF JAMAICA, WAS TAKEN BY THE SPANIARDS BETWEEN HISPANIOLA AND JAMAICA, THE 13th OF JUNE, 1728 [caption title]. [London. 1737?]. 3,[1]pp. on folded sheet. Folio. Ver- tical fold reinforced with tissue. Trimmed close at foredge, affecting a few letters. Light soiling and wear. About very good.

A memorial to Parliament by the owners of the Anne Galley, a ship taken as a prize by the Spanish. This document presents a summary of Samuel Bonham’s petition and following correspondence, the last of which is dated 1735. Bonham’s ship was seized by the Spanish a week after the cessation of hostilities in the war of the Quadruple Alliance. Nine years later he was still trying to get compensation. Only four copies in ESTC, and only two of those in North America, at the Boston Public Library and Yale University. ESTC T20117. EUROPEAN/AMERICANA 737/39. $1250.

Item 132. A Crucial Revolutionary Pamphlet

132. Quincy, Josiah, Jr.: OBSERVATIONS ON THE ACT OF PARLIA- MENT, COMMONLY CALLED THE BOSTON PORT-BILL; WITH THOUGHTS ON CIVIL SOCIETY AND STANDING ARMIES. London: Reprinted for Edward and Charles Dilly, 1774. [6],80pp. Lacks the half title. 20th-century half morocco and cloth, spine gilt. Extremi- ties worn. Light foxing. About very good. In a half morocco and cloth folder.

This pamphlet presents a strong indictment of the bill, which established the blockade of the Boston harbor. The Boston Port Bill was the first of the Intoler- able Acts passed against Boston in the wake of the Boston Tea Party in December 1773. It galvanized public opinion in the colonies and led directly to the calling of the First Continental Congress. Quincy was a leading figure in Massachusetts patriotic circles. In this work he excoriates Parliament for punishment of a whole community in response to the acts of private persons, likewise attacking standing armies as “armed monsters”; “fatal to religion, morals, and social happiness” as well as liberty. An important argument against the Crown’s unjust actions, and a critical political expression of the Revolution. This is the first British edition. HOWES Q18. ESTC T96311. SABIN 67192. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 132c. $6500.

133. Ramsay, David: GESCHIEDENIS VAN DE NOORD AMERI- KAANSCHE STAATS-OMWENTELING. Campen. 1792-1794. Four volumes. iv,332; [2],331; [2],334; [2],328,[7]pp. Contemporary three-quarter morocco and boards, spines gilt, leather label. Corners bumped and lightly worn. Minor scattered foxing. Very good plus. In half morocco and cloth slipcases, spines gilt.

Rare Dutch edition of David Ramsay’s History of the American Revolution, first printed in Philadelphia in 1789. As an historian and a public figure, Ramsay made an important contribution to events in Revolutionary America. His service as a military surgeon resulted in imprisonment at St. Augustine for a year after the capture of Charleston. After the war, and until his assassination by a maniac in 1815, he wrote a number of works of lasting historical value. A lovely set in a contemporary binding. $1250.

Early Americana Reference Work

134. Rede, Leman Thomas: BIBLIOTHECA AMERICANA; OR, A CHRONOLOGICAL CATALOGUE OF THE MOST CURIOUS AND INTERESTING BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, STATE PAPERS, &c. UPON THE SUBJECT OF NORTH AND SOUTH AMER- ICA, FROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD TO THE PRESENT, IN PRINT AND MANUSCRIPT...WITH AN INTRODUCTORY DISCOURSE ON THE PRESENT STATE OF LITERATURE IN THOSE COUNTRIES. London: Printed for J. Debrett, J. Sewell, R. Bald- win & J. Bew and E. Harlowe, 1789. [4],271pp. Quarto. 19th-century three- quarter morocco and marbled boards, spine gilt. Corners worn, spine rubbed. Old stamp on titlepage with bleedthrough to first few leaves; some age toning, occasional fox marks. About very good.

First edition of this important work on early printed and manuscript Americana, with a valuable introductory essay. This anonymous work has in the past been ascribed variously to “[Alexander] Dalrymple, Homer, Long, and Reid” (Church), but is now known to have been written by the miscellaneous writer, Leman Thomas Rede, a student of the Middle Temple (see Stuart C. Sherman, The William & Mary Quarterly, 3rd Ser., Vol. 4, No. 3 [ July 1947], pp.332-349). According to the title, Rede compiled the work from the holdings of the British Museum “and the most celebrated public and private libraries, reviews, catalogues, &c.” It is of particular value as it includes manuscript material in addition to printed works, and also for the seventeen-page “Introductory Discourse on the State of Literature in North and South America,” which includes musings on the benefits of freedom of the press to the development of “Genius” (South America does not compare well with North), as well as interesting details of bookselling in the United States. The demand was for small format works on practical matters; imported books were generally cheaper than home-produced editions (even with the hefty premiums that booksellers were able to place on the imports) because of the cost of materials and printers’ wages. CHURCH 1235. SABIN 5198. $1750.

A Most Important American Atlas and the First Color Plate Published in America

135. Reid, John, and W. Winterbotham: THE AMERICAN ATLAS; CONTAINING THE FOLLOWING MAPS.... [with:] AN HIS- TORICAL, GEOGRAPHICAL, COMMERCIAL, AND PHILO- SOPHICAL VIEW OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, AND OF THE EUROPEAN SETTLEMENTS IN AMERICA AND THE WEST-INDIES. New York. 1796. Reid atlas: Title-leaf plus twenty folding maps (without the added folding plan of Washington, not found in most copies). Winterbotham: Four volumes. vi,[2],590; [4],493; [4],519; [4],516,[19]pp. plus twenty-two (of twenty-six) plates (one in color), lacking portraits of Washington, Penn, and Franklin. Reid atlas: Folio. Half antique calf and marbled boards, calf tipped corners. Titlepage and maps expertly washed and rehinged, signs of foxing remaining on a few maps. Gutter margin on Maine map expertly refurbished. Overall a very good copy. In a folding half morocco and marbled board box to match the Winterbotham text volumes. Winterbotham: Three-quarter antique morocco and marbled boards, spines gilt, leather labels. Tanned, some light foxing, else very good.

The Reid atlas is one of the rarest and most interesting of American atlases, preceded only by the 1795 Carey atlas as the earliest United States atlas. It includes detailed engraved maps of North and South America, and the United States, with individual maps of New Hampshire, Maine, Massachusetts, Vermont, Rhode Is- land, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware and Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, and the West Indies. The continent maps, the general map of the United States, and those of Kentucky and Washington are copied from the London edition of Winterbotham. The rest of the maps are original to this work. The Winterbotham properly accompanies the Reid atlas, although the two are usually found separately, noted “First American Edition” on the titlepage, although Howes lists an edition of 1795-96, in thirty-three weekly numbers bound in four volumes. He calls the present, enlarged edition the “best.” Winterbotham was prosecuted for sedition for two sermons he preached in 1792. He was found guilty and sentenced to two years’ imprisonment and a fine of £100 for each sermon. He wrote the present work while serving time in Newgate Prison. It treats the discovery and early settlement of America, the American Revolution, each of the states of the Northeast and South, the Northwest Territory, Canada, and settlements in South America and the West Indies. Most of the handsome plates illustrate birds, quadrupeds, and reptiles found in the West Indies. The color plate represents the tobacco plant. These are some of the earliest natural history plates produced in Philadelphia. The plate of the tobacco plant (third volume, opposite p.427) is the first color plate regularly published in an American book, here present in a very good impression, “Publish’d by Smith Reed and Wayland New-York.” HOWES W581, “b.” PHILLIPS ATLASES 1216, 1366. STREETER SALE 77 (atlas). SABIN 104830, 104833. DNB XXI, pp.693-94. RUMSEY 845. EVANS 31647. $17,500.

136. Rogers, Robert: A CONCISE ACCOUNT OF NORTH AMERICA: CONTAINING A DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL BRITISH COLONIES ON THAT CONTINENT...ALSO OF THE INTE- RIOR, OR WESTERLY PARTS OF THE COUNTRY, UPON THE RIVERS ST. LAURENCE, THE MISSISSIPPI, AND THE GREAT LAKES.... London. 1765. vii,[1],264pp. Antique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Very good.

The companion to the journals of the famous ranger of the French and Indian War. This is an important work utilizing Rogers’ knowledge of the western country. It includes detailed descriptions of geography, Indian tribes encountered, etc. “The first geographical account of the American interior after England had wrested it from France, and, aside from those of Pittman and Hutchins, the most accurate of the period” – Howes. “One of the most accurate contemporary accounts of the interior of North America as it was when England took it from France” – Streeter. HOWES R418, “b.” SABIN 72723. CLARK I:301. VAIL 562. STREETER SALE 1028. GREENLY MICHIGAN 17. LANDE 761. SERVIES 452. GRAFF 3554. FIELD 1316. BELL R365. JCB 1473. TPL392. $3000. 137. Rogers, Robert: JOURNALS OF MAJOR ROBERT ROGERS: CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF SEVERAL EXCURSIONS HE MADE UNDER THE GENERALS WHO COMMANDED UPON THE CONTINENT OF NORTH AMERICA, DURING THE LATE WAR. London: Printed for the Author, and sold by J. Mil- lan, 1765. viii,236pp. Half title. Antique-style three-quarter speckled calf and marbled boards, spine gilt, leather label. Scattered light foxing. Very good.

First edition of this classic narrative of the French and Indian War. Rogers acted as a scout for the 1755 expedition against Crown Point, and in 1756 became captain of an independent company of Rangers. He made scores of raids against the French in New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, going as far west as the shores of Lake Huron. His exploits, detailed in this book, made him the most romantic and famous figure of the war in America. The book has served as the basis for much romantic fiction, most notably Kenneth Roberts’ Northwest Passage. Rogers went on to briefly lead British rangers at the outset of the Revolution, raising recruits to fight against the American rebels. HOWES R419, “b.” GAGNON II:1828. GREENLY MICHIGAN 16. BELL R366. JCB 1474. LANDE 760. WINSOR V, pp.592-93. CLARK II:58. THOMSON 996. SABIN 72725. TPL 393. VAIL 563. STREETER SALE1029. GRAFF 3555. FIELD 1315. $12,000.

French Portrait of the Most Famous American in the French and Indian War

138. [Rogers, Robert]: LE MAJOR ROBERT ROGER [sic] COMMAN- DANT EN CHEF LES TROUPES INDIENNES AU SERVICE DES AMERICAINS [caption title]. Paris: chez Esnauts et Rapilly, [ca. 1780]. Engraved portrait, 7¾ x 5½ inches. Light soiling. Very good.

A rare French portrait of Major Robert Rogers, showing him in his military uniform with musket. This portrait is copied from the best known image of Rogers, produced in London in 1776. That image shows him from the knees up and looking to his right, a powder horn at his waist, and with three Indians in the background. In this French version he is looking to his left and is pictured from the waist up, and the Indians have been removed from the background. Rogers acted as a scout for the 1755 expedition against Crown Point, and in 1756 he became the captain of an independent company of Rangers. He made scores of raids against the French in New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, going as far west as the shores of Lake Huron. His exploits made him the most romantic and famous figure of the war in America. He published A Concise Account of North America and the Journals of Major Robert Rogers in 1765, which brought him further fame and recognition. We can find no listings of this French portrait in OCLC, though there are copies in the Anne S.K. Brown military collection at Brown University and the National Army Museum in London. Those copies do not have the engraved number “126” within the plate mark, however, as does our copy. $1500.

139. Saunders, Richard [pseudonym]: POOR RICHARD IMPROVED: BEING AN ALMANACK AND EPHEMERIS OF THE MOTIONS OF THE SUN AND MOON...FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD 1782.... Philadelphia: Printed and Sold by Hall and Sellers, [1781]. [36]pp. including in-text woodcut illustrations. 12mo. Printed self-wrappers, stitched. Additional stab holes in blank gutter. Toning, light soiling, and scattered foxing. Else very good.

Revolutionary War-era Poor Richard’s almanac, containing a list of “Remarkable Occurrences” relating to the war, together with an article on the “Medicinal Uses of Tansey and Camomile, recommended by Dr. Cook, and various aphorisms and tales. Woodcuts illustrating the different signs of the zodiac accompany each month of the almanac. The illustration, “The Anatomy of Man’s Body, as govern’d by the Twelve Constellations,” appears on page [5]. DRAKE 10133. EVANS 17366. NAIP w021200. $2000.

First Substantive Book Printed in German in America

140. [Saur, Christopher]: [German Printing in America]: ZIONITISCHER WEYRAUCHS-HUGEL ODER: WYRRHEN BERG.... Germantown: Christopher Saur, 1739. [12],792,[14]pp. Thick octavo. Contemporary calf. Slightly rubbed at joints. Light toning. Very good.

This is the first work of any size printed in German in America. The first printing in German of any sort was done by Andrew Bradford and Benjamin Franklin, both of whom produced ephemeral items between 1728 and 1737. In 1738, Christopher Saur established the first German-language press in America in Germantown, near Philadelphia, and printed this book the following year. The Zionitischer... was printed for the Ephrata Cloisters, and was probably largely arranged by Conrad Beissel. A landmark of American printing. EVANS 4466. SEIDENSTICKER, p.11. ARNDT 17. $7500.

American Military Pocket Atlas

141. Sayer, Robert, and John Bennet [publishers]: THE AMERICAN MIL- ITARY POCKET ATLAS; BEING AN APPROVED COLLECTION OF CORRECT MAPS, BOTH GENERAL AND PARTICULAR, OF THE BRITISH COLONIES; ESPECIALLY THOSE WHICH NOW ARE, OR PROBABLY MAY BE THE THEATRE OF WAR: TAKEN PRINCIPALLY FROM THE ACTUAL SURVEYS AND JUDICIOUS OBSERVATIONS OF ENGINEERS...AND OTHER OFFICERS EMPLOYED IN HIS MAJESTY’S FLEETS AND ARMIES. London: Printed for R. Sayer and J. Bennet, [1776]. Titlepage, 2pp. dedication to “Gov. Pownall,” 2pp. “Advertisement,” 1p. “List of maps,” and six engraved maps, handcolored in outline. Antique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Scattered minor repairs along map folds. A very good copy.

The “Holster Atlas,” one of the most important atlases of the American Revolution, was issued at the suggestion of Governor George Pownall and includes the “maps that the British high command regarded as providing essential topographical information in the most convenient form” (Schwartz & Ehrenberg). This collection of maps was published by Sayer and Bennet at the beginning of the Revolution for the use of British officers. “Surveys and Topographical Charts being fit only for a Library, such maps as an Officer may take with him into the Field have been much wanted. The following Collection forms a Portable Atlas of North America, calculated in its Bulk and Price to suit the Pockets of Officers of all Ranks” – Advertisement. Although the publishers claimed the atlas would fit into an officer’s pocket, it was usually carried in a holster and thus gained its nickname. It was generally bound in an octavo format, as is the case in this copy. The six maps are as follow:

1) Dunn, Samuel: North America, as Divided Amongst the European Powers. By Samuel Dunn, Mathematician. London: printed for Robt. Sayer, Jan. 10, 1774. Engraved map, handcolored in outline, 13½ x 18¼ inches. Engraved for Dunn’s A New Atlas (London, 1774). 2) Dunn, Samuel: A Compleat Map of the West Indies, Containing the Coasts of Florida, Louisiana, New Spain, and Terra Firma: With All the Islands. London: Robt. Sayer, Jan. 10, 1774. Engraved map, handcolored in outline, 13¼ x 18½ inches. Engraved for Dunn’s A New Atlas (London, 1774). The “Advertisement” describes these first two maps as “a general map of the part of the globe, called North America, and a second general map of those islands, shores, gulfs, and bays, which form what is commonly called the West Indies; these we consider as introductory, and as giving a general idea, and we trust a just one.” 3) A General Map of the Northern British Colonies in America. Which Comprehends the Province of Quebec, the Government of Newfoundland, Nova-Scotia, New-England and New-York. From the Maps Published by the Admiralty and Board of Trade, Regulated by the Astronomic and Trigonometric Observations of Major Holland and Corrected from Governor Pownall’s Late Map 1776. London: Robt. Sayer & Jno. Bennet, Aug. 14, 1776. Engraved map, handcolored in outline, 20¾ x 26¾ inches. First state, also issued as a separate map. This map was re-issued in 1788 with the title changed to reflect the new political realities. McCORKLE, NEW ENGLAND 776.11. SELLERS & VAN EE 143. STEVENS & TREE 65. 4) Evans, Lewis: A General Map of the Middle British Colonies, in America. Containing Virginia, Maryland, the Delaware Counties, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. With the Addition of New York, and the Greatest Part of New England, as Also of the Bordering Parts of the Province of Quebec, Improved from Several Surveys Made After the Late War, and Corrected from Governor Pownall’s Late Map 1776. London: R. Sayer & J. Bennet, Oct. 15, 1776. Engraved map, handcolored in outline, 20½ x 26¾ inches. Based on Lewis Evans map of 1755, with additions and corrections. STEPHEN- SON & McKEE, VIRGINIA, p.82 (an image of the Evans map). 5) Romans, Bernard: A General Map of the Southern British Colonies, in America. Comprehending North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida, with the Neighbouring Indian Countries. From the Modern Surveys of Engineer de Brahm, Capt. Collet, Mouzon & Others; and From the Large Hydrographical Survey of the Coasts of East and West Florida. By B. Romans. London: R. Sayer & J. Bennett [sic], Oct. 15, 1776. Engraved map, handcolored in outline, 21¼ x 26 inches. Based on charts and maps by Romans and others. 6) Brassier, William Furness: A Survey of Lake Champlain Including Lake George, Crown Point and St. John, Surveyed by Order of...Sr. Jeffrey Amherst...by William Brassier, Draughtsman. 1762. London: Robt. Sayer & Jno. Bennet, Aug. 5, 1776. Engraved map, handcolored in outline, 28 x 20½ inches. Also issued as the first separately published map of Lake Champlain, this excellent detailed chart was based on a survey made during the French and Indian War, but not published until the Revolution. The map was issued in two states and is included here in its appropriate (and preferred) second state, illustrating the very first battle fought by the U.S. Navy: the Battle of Valcour Island, which transpired near present-day Plattsburgh, New York. The inset in the lower right corner of the map features an extremely detailed rendering of Lake George, surveyed by Brit- ish Captain Jackson in 1756. No mention, of course, is made of Ethan Allen’s taking of Fort Ticonderoga in 1775.

An important collection of Revolutionary-era American maps, meant to be used by British officers in the theatre of war. FITE & FREEMAN, A BOOK OF OLD MAPS, pp.212-16. HOWES A208. NEBEN- ZAHL, ATLAS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, pp.61-63. PHILLIPS ATLASES 1206. RUMSEY, p.311. SABIN 1147. SCHWARTZ & EHRENBERG, p.190. STREETER SALE 73. CLARK I:189. $26,500.

Beginning of the Pamphlet War with Hamilton

142. [Seabury, Samuel]: THE CONGRESS CANVASSED, OR, AN EX- AMINATION INTO THE CONDUCT OF THE DELEGATES, AT THEIR GRAND CONVENTION.... [New York: James Rivington], 1774. 27,[1]pp. Antique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Very good.

Seabury was the leading Tory spokesman in the American colonies as the Revolu- tion progressed. In this pamphlet he attacks the actions of the first Continental Congress in detail. On the last page he takes note of Alexander Hamilton’s first pamphlet, A Full Vindication of the Measures of Congress..., just published as an attack on Seabury’s earlier pamphlets. Seabury states that he is “neither frightened nor disconcerted by it” and promises to reply shortly. The pamphlet battle between Seabury and the youthful Hamilton marked the launching of the latter’s brilliant career and one of the most interesting political exchanges of the Revolutionary era. HOWES S252, “aa.” SABIN 78562. AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE 135a. EVANS 13601. NAIP w005299. STREETER SALE 756. $3000.

143. [Sewall, Stephen]: AN HEBREW GRAMMAR, COLLECTED CHIEFLY FROM THOSE OF MR. ISRAEL LYONS...AND THE REV. RICHARD GREY...TO WHICH IS SUBJOINED A PRAXIS, TAKEN FROM THE SACRED CLASSICS, AND CONTAINING A SPECIMEN OF THE WHOLE HEBREW LANGUAGE: WITH A SKETCH OF THE HEBREW POETRY AS RETRIEVED BY BISHOP HARE. Boston: Printed by R. and S. Draper, for the Honor- able and Reverend the President and Fellows of Harvard-College, 1763. [2],v, [1],83pp. Half title. Contemporary marbled boards, neatly rebacked in antique- style in calf, leather label. Slight wear to corners and boards. Contemporary ownership inscription on half title. Light foxing and toning, heavier toward the end. Else very good.

This is the second Hebrew grammar produced in America, preceded only by a work by Monis published in 1735. Rosenbach asserts that the Hebrew types used in it were destroyed by fire in 1764. The final twenty-three pages are comprised of a study of Hebrew poetry. There are several early corrections in the text, possibly in the hand of Sewall or Lovell. ROSENBACH AMERICAN JEWISH 43. GOLDMAN, HEBREW PRINTING IN AMERICA 172. EVANS 9514. NAIP w020434. SABIN 79458, 42873. $2500.

144. Sharp, Granville: A DECLARATION OF THE PEOPLE’S NATU- RAL RIGHT TO A SHARE IN THE LEGISLATURE; WHICH IS THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF THE BRITISH CON- STITUTION OF STATE. London. 1775. [4],xl,279pp. plus 4pp. of advertisements. Antique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards. Very minor foxing. Very good.

Self-styled second edition, though significantly expanded from the original thirty- two-page pamphlet which appeared the same year. A strong argument for popular representation. “A powerful influence in determining colonial resistance” – Howes. ESTC T32192. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 74-72b. HOWES S331. SABIN 79813. $1000.

The Seizure of Louisbourg

145. [Shirley, William]: MEMOIRS OF THE PRINCIPAL TRANSAC- TIONS OF THE LAST WAR BETWEEN THE ENGLISH AND FRENCH IN NORTH-AMERICA. FROM THE COMMENCE- MENT OF IT IN 1744, TO THE CONCLUSION OF THE TREA- TY AT AIX LA CHAPELLE. CONTAINING IN PARTICULAR AN ACCOUNT OF THE IMPORTANCE OF NOVA SCOTIA OR ACADIE AND THE ISLAND OF CAPE BRETON TO BOTH NA- TIONS. Boston. 1758. iv,[9]-80pp. Modern three-quarter morocco, spine gilt. Text quite clean. Very good plus.

Third edition, being the first American edition. An account of the principal events of King George’s War in 1744-48, including the invasion of Nova Scotia in 1744 by French troops from Louisbourg; the raid on Canso and failed attack on Annapolis Royal in 1745; the capture of Louisbourg in the same year by British naval forces and New England troops under William Pepperell; the abortive French attempt to retake Louisbourg the following year; the “Massacre of Grande-Pre”; the French raid on Saratoga in 1746; the Iroquois raids along the Richelieu River; and the destruction of Northfield, Massachusetts by French forces in 1747. The work was written by William Shirley, former governor of Massachusetts who had master- minded the capture of Louisbourg in 1745, or by his secretary, William Alexander, in an attempt to vindicate Shirley’s honor. Shirley was held responsible for the failure of the Niagara campaign of 1755 and the loss of Oswego during his brief tenure as commander-in-chief of the British North American forces during the Seven Years’ War. Accused of mismanagement and suspected of treason, he was ordered to England where he was threatened with court-martial; charges, however, were dropped in the fall of 1757 for lack of evidence. A “very rare and important work” (Stevens). EVANS 8258. HOWES A124, “aa.” TPL 276. LANDE S254. SABIN 80550. STEVENS, RARE AMERICANA (1926). $4000.

A British Revolutionary War Officer Keeps the War of Words Going

146. [Simcoe, John Graves]: REMARKS ON THE TRAVELS OF THE MARQUIS DE CHASTELLUX, IN NORTH AMERICA. London: G. & T. Wilkie, 1787. [4],80pp. Antique-style three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt, leather label. Minor wear to binding. Some light foxing and soiling, primarily confined to outer leaves. Very good.

The Marquis de Chastellux was one of the three major-generals who accompanied Rochambeau’s Revolutionary Continental Army to America in 1779, and was second in command of the French forces in America during the American Revolution. In 1787 he published an account of his travels, which is a classic American travel narrative, called by Howes “the first trustworthy account of life in the United States.” A member of the French Academy and an enlightened and perceptive man, Chas- tellux’s account describes his travels in Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, and Virginia, and his visits with Washington and Jefferson, with much material relating to the Revolution. Simcoe’s Remarks... is a commentary on Chastellux’s narrative, attacking various statements made by him. Simcoe’s attitude can be summed up by his statement: “The American buzzard should be stripped of the eagle’s plumage.” Simcoe joined the British Army in 1770 and became one of the most successful commanders throughout the conflict. His account of his campaigns, A Journal of the Operations of the Queen’s Rangers, published the same year as the present work, is a legendary rarity. He went on to a distinguished parliamentary and military career, and is best known as the first governor of Upper Canada. A rare, privately printed, work. HOWES S462. ESTC T92514. SABIN 81137. $12,000.

147. [Slavery]: THE CONSTITUTION OF THE PENNSYLVANIA SO- CIETY, FOR PROMOTING THE ABOLITION OF SLAVERY, AND THE RELIEF OF FREE NEGROES, UNLAWFULLY HELD IN BONDAGE. BEGUN IN THE YEAR 1774, AND ENLARGED ON THE TWENTY-THIRD OF APRIL, 1787. TO WHICH ARE ADDED, THE ACTS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF PENN- SYLVANIA, FOR THE GRADUAL ABOLITION OF SLAVERY. Philadelphia: Printed by Francis Bailey, 1788. 29pp. Later plain gray wrappers. Scattered foxing on wrappers. Light occasional foxing. Else very good, with the

bookplate of noted Americanist Michael Zinman on verso of front wrapper. This edition follows and enlarges upon the constitution of the Society as published in 1787. The Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery, and the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage, was founded in 1774 by Anthony Benezet, and most of its members were Quakers. The officers of the So- ciety included Benjamin Franklin as president, Benjamin Rush and Tench Coxe as secretaries, and Thomas Paine serving as clerk of the General Assembly. Franklin and Rush helped write the Society’s constitution. Following the Society’s constitution and list of officers, the present pamphlet reprints a series of acts governing slavery in Pennsylvania. These include “An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery”; “An Act to give Relief to certain Persons taking Refuge in this State, with respect to their slaves”; and an additional act of March 1788 amending the original act for gradual abolition. This last act is prefixed by a report of the committee of the General Assembly of Pennsylvania. In 1788, as a result of petitions from the Society, the Pennsylvania legislature amended the gradual abolition act of 1780, prohibiting the transportation of slave children or pregnant women out of Pennsylvania, making it illegal to build, outfit, or issue slave ships from Philadelphia, and imposing heavier fines for the kidnapping of slaves. EVANS 21381. NAIP w030522. DUMOND, p.91. $2250.

A Call for Fundraising for a School to Teach German Emigrants in Pennsylvania

148. Smith, William: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM REV. WILLIAM SMITH TO CONRAD WEISER, DISCUSSING THEIR WORK IN ESTABLISHING AND BUILDING THE SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE AND THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE AMONG THE GERMAN EMIGRANTS IN PENNSYLVANIA]. Philadelphia. May 17, 1755. [1]pp. on a folded folio sheet. Old folds, with tears along the folds. Addressed for mailing on verso. Docketed just to left of center vertical fold, beside Smith’s manuscript dateline. Old stains, chipped around edges. Old repairs to upper corner tears and to tear caused by wax seal. In good condition overall.

An evocative letter from the Rev. William Smith, written to the noted emissary to the Pennsylvania Indian tribes, Conrad Weiser, discussing their efforts to build a school for German emigrants in Pennsylvania. Smith wrote this letter shortly after he was named the first provost of the College of Philadelphia, which eventually became the University of Pennsylvania. This letter, however, refers to the efforts of Smith and Weiser in establishing and raising funds for a different educational enterprise, the Society for Promoting Religious Knowledge and the English Lan- guage Among the German Emigrants in Pennsylvania. Just two months earlier, in March 1755, Weiser set up such a school at Tulpehocken. In this letter Smith instructs Weiser to go ahead and pay the master of the new school, and he also asks Weiser and some of his wealthy associates to give financial assistance to the school – in essence sending an early fundraising letter. Smith writes that the school has received a large number of applications and does not want to turn away any students. Smith also alludes to possible competition he feels from other parochial schools among the German settlers, again signaling his desire to see the school grow and succeed. He writes:

I have not lately had a meeting, but am certain the Gentlemen will heartily approve of every thing you have done in the school. You may advance the master a small sum without any danger. We shall settle his salary at our first meeting which will be soon; but as there are so many applications for Schools, we hope the richer sort among you will contribute something, as the people have done in other places. Unless this is done we shall not be able to answer half the number of petitions & we would fain do something for every body of people that has applied. I think you should lose no time in the affair of the Schoolhouse. Neither Mr. Spanenberg’s answer, nor anything his people can do, is in the least to the purpose. The ground cannot be theirs exclusively.

William Smith (1727-1803) was born in Scotland and came to America as a tutor while still in his twenties. In 1753 he published an essay, A General Idea of the College of Mirania, which impressed Benjamin Franklin, who secured Smith’s appointment to the faculty of the Academy of Philadelphia. In 1755 he was named Provost of the newly-reorganized College of Philadelphia. A supporter of the Penns’ proprietary government, Smith quickly found himself at odds with Franklin. Smith was frequently embroiled in American politics, all the way to the American Revolution, during which his ambivalent views on American independence alienated him. Conrad Weiser (1696-1760) was born in Germany and came to New York with his family as a boy. Weiser formed good relations with many of the New York Indian leaders, and learned their languages. He is best remembered for his work in negotiating treaties with Indian tribes in Pennsylvania, where he moved his family in 1729. Weiser was briefly a member of the Ephrata Cloister, and at other times was a Lutheran, a Baptist, and a member of the Reformed Church. He was also a trustee of the board to educate German youths in Pennsylvania in the early 1750s. The “Mr. Spanenberg” to which Smith refers in this letter was likely German theologian August Gottlieb Spangenberg, who at the time was supervising Moravian churches in Pennsylvania. Smith: DAB XVII, pp.353-57. ANB 20, pp.305-6. Weiser: DAB XIX, pp.614-15. $2250.

The First History of New York

149. Smith, William: THE HISTORY OF THE PROVINCE OF NEW- YORK, FROM THE FIRST DISCOVERY TO THE YEAR M.DCC. XXXII. TO WHICH IS ANNEXED, A DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY, WITH A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE INHABIT- ANTS, THEIR TRADE, RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL STATE, AND THE CONSTITUTION OF THE COURTS OF JUSTICE IN THAT COLONY. London: Printed for Thomas Wilcox, 1757. xii,255pp. plus folding double-page plate. Quarto. Modern morocco, spine and inner dentelles gilt. Preliminary leaves repaired at corners and reinforced. Folding plate reinforced, small clean tear along one fold. Light foxing, age toning, and occasional soiling. A good copy. In a cloth slipcase.

This is the first edition of the first history of New York, based largely on the works of Charlevoix and Colden’s History of the Five Nations.... Smith also drew from the journals of the Assembly and the Legislative Council. He was a graduate of Yale who became a distinguished New York lawyer and eventually justice of the province. A Loyalist during the Revolution, Smith moved to Canada at the war’s conclusion, and there became a chief justice. This history covers the period up to 1736. Smith wrote a continuation which remained in manuscript form until it was published by the New-York Historical Society in 1826. “Within the period subsequent to the English Revolution, Smith is still without a successful rival. This work ranks with Stith’s Virginia and Hutchinson’s Massachusetts, as one of the worthiest examples of historical literature produced in later colonial times” – Larned. A foundation New York item. SABIN 84566. HOWES S703, “b.” STREETER SALE 871. CHURCH 1023. LARNED 1109. $4500.

The Funeral of the Stamp Act

150. [Stamp Act]: THE REPEAL. OR THE FUNERAL PROCESSION OF MISS AMERIC-STAMP [caption title]. [London. March 18, 1766]. Engraving, 10 x 13½ inches. Trimmed close in outer margins. Minor soiling, else fine. Matted.

A very rare print relating to the repeal of the Stamp Act, and one of the most famous political satires commenting on the Stamp Act. The imposition of taxes, in the form of stamps, by the Parliament on the American colonies was one of the driving factors leading the movement toward independence and the American Revolution. This image celebrates the repeal of the Stamp Act – and the desired boost in trade that would result – by mocking those leaders that supported the tax. The image is attributed to artist Benjamin Wilson. The print is full of visual allusions, puns, and signifiers. At the center of the image is the funeral procession itself, led by Dr. William Scott, who, under the name Anti-Sejanus, published letters in support of the Stamp Act in London’s Public Advertiser. Scott holds the text of a sermon “occasioned by the death of Miss Americ-Stamp,” and a dog is shown urinating on his leg. Scott is followed by Solicitor-General Wedderburn and Attorney General Norton, mockingly referred to as “Two Pillars of the Law.” They hold black flags with the numbers 71 and 122, referring to the number of votes cast against repeal of the Stamp Act in the House of Lords and House of Commons. They, in turn, are followed by Lord Grenville, carrying a small coffin (the Stamp Act was in effect for only a year), and by Lord Bute, who, along with other ministers, is weeping. The entire procession is followed by two priests. Two large skulls are shown on pikes above the tomb of the Stamp Act, one carrying a date of 1715 and the other a date of 1745. The dates on the skulls refer to uprisings by the Jacobites, supporters of King James after the Glorious Revolution of 1688, who continued to believe that the king’s authority came from God, not Parliament. The tomb also lists the names of other acts interred there, such as the Star Chamber Court and various excise taxes. Three ships are shown in the harbor – the Conway, Rockingham, and Grafton – their names representing ministers who had helped in repealing the Stamp Act. A statue of William Pitt, celebrated as a defender of the colonists, is being loaded on the ships for sail to America. The numbers 105 and 250 on the small loading ships signify the votes for repeal in the House of Lords and House of Commons. “Stamps for America” are in bundles on the shore, as is “black cloth return’d from America.” Warehouses filled with goods bound for America are shown in the waterfront. The text below the image gives a quite detailed explanation of the scene, which has an overt pro- American point of view. OCLC locates copies at the Library of Congress and the American Antiquarian Society; Princeton holds a third copy. Fowble also describes the copy at Winterthur. A wonderful and rare image celebrating a significant event on the road to the American Revolution. BM SATIRES 4140. THE ENGLISH SATIRICAL PRINT: THE AMERICAN REVO- LUTION 11. CRESSWELL 623. OCLC 51138978. FOWBLE, TWO CENTURIES OF PRINTS IN AMERICA 87. $7500.

151. Stedman, Charles: THE HISTORY OF THE ORIGIN, PROGRESS, AND TERMINATION OF THE AMERICAN WAR. London: Printed for the Author, sold by J. Murray, J. Debrett and J. Kerby, 1794. Two volumes. xv,[1],399; xv,[1],449,[14]pp., plus fifteen engraved maps and plans (eleven folding, one of these with an over-flap). [bound with:] Clinton, Henry: OBSERVATIONS ON MR. STEDMAN’S HISTORY OF THE AMERICAN WAR. London. 1794. [2],ii,34pp. Half titles. Quarto. Ex- pertly bound to style in half 18th-century russia and contemporary marbled boards, spine gilt, red morocco labels. Very good.

First edition of a work that is fundamental to any collection of books relating to the American Revolution. This work is “generally considered the best contemporary account of the Revolution written from the British side” (Sabin). Stedman was a native of Philadelphia, a Loyalist who served as an officer under Howe, Clinton, and Cornwallis, and later became an examiner of Loyalist claims for the British government. He had firsthand knowledge of many of the campaigns and persons involved in the effort. He is critical of Howe, and describes all the major theatres of war, as well as individual battles from Bunker Hill to Yorktown. The beautifully engraved maps (the largest of which is approximately 20 x 30 inches) constitute the finest collection of plans assembled by an eyewitness. They depict the sieges of Savannah and Charlestown, plus the battles of Saratoga, Cam- den, Guilford, Hobkirk’s Hill, and Yorktown. Bound in at the end of the second volume in this set is a copy of Henry Clinton’s critique of Stedman’s history, Observations on Mr. Stedman’s History of the American War. Clinton defends his own conduct, as he feels it is misrepresented by Sted- man, and his separately published work is an important addition to one of the basic histories of the Revolution. HOWES S914, “b”; C498. JCB II:372. LOWNDES V, p.2504. SABIN 91057, 13753. WINSOR VI, p.518. $17,000.

152. Steuben, Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin, Baron von: REGULATIONS FOR THE ORDER AND DISCIPLINE OF THE TROOPS OF THE UNITED STATES...TO WHICH ARE PRE- FIXED THE LAWS AND REGULATIONS FOR GOVERNING AND DISCIPLINING THE MILITIA OF THE UNITED STATES. AND THE LAWS FOR FORMING AND REGULATING THE MILITIA OF THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE. Portsmouth: Printed by J. Melcher, printer to the state of New Hampshire, 1794. xxxvi,153, [3]pp. plus eight engraved plates (seven folding). 12mo. Contemporary half calf and paper-covered wooden boards, rebacked. Paper mostly gone, boards heavily worn at corners. Contemporary and later ownership inscriptions on front pastedown and fly leaf. Light toning and soiling. First plate torn and reinforced at folds, else all plates intact. A good copy. In a clamshell case, red half cloth and marbled boards.

A later 18th-century edition of this important military manual, written expressly for the use of American troops during the Revolutionary War. The German-born Steuben, well trained in the highly disciplined military system developed under Frederick the Great, served as inspector general of the Continental Army. In this capacity he wrote his Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States on orders from the Continental Congress. First published in 1779, the work became the standard text for the Continental Army and the United States Army into the early 19th century. Fifty editions, abridgements, extracts, and adaptations were printed before 1800. Steuben’s contribution to American independence cannot be underestimated. “He was unrivaled among the citizens of the new nation as an expert on military affairs. His introduction of European military concepts to the Continental army marks the beginning of a truly professional military tradition in the United States” – ANB. This edition includes a prefatory section containing the United States Militia Act, passed in Congress in May 1792; the New Hampshire Militia Act, passed Dec. 27, 1792; and “An act for forming and regulating the militia within this State [of New Hampshire], and for repealing all the laws heretofore made for that purpose,” passed Dec. 28, 1792. This copy has ownership inscriptions of several New Hampshire militiamen, from the Oliver and Marvin families of the Portsmouth area, listing their company and regiment. It is likely that this manual saw practical use for almost one hundred years after its printing. EVANS 27972. NAIP w021714. SABIN 91437. HOWES S951. ANB 20, pp.689-91. $1250.

153. Stiles, Ezra: A HISTORY OF THREE OF THE JUDGES OF KING CHARLES I...WHO, AT THE RESTORATION, 1660, FLED TO AMERICA, AND WERE SECRETED AND CONCEALED, IN MASSACHUSETTS AND CONNECTICUT, FOR NEAR THIRTY YEARS.... Hartford: Printed by Elisha Babcock, 1794. 357,[1]pp. plus nine plates and maps (some folding), including frontispiece portrait. Errata slip pasted on last page. Contemporary calf, red leather label. Faint edge wear. Lightly tanned. Ownership inscription of Joseph Brewster, Yale College, dated 1840. Near fine.

The frontispiece portrait of Stiles was executed by Amos Doolittle, as were the small local maps of New Haven and the area where the judges hid. When his classic history of the regicide judges was published in 1794, Stiles was president of Yale College, a position he held from 1778 until his death in 1795. HOWES S999. EVANS 27743. NAIP w020469. $1000.

154. Stokes, Anthony: A VIEW OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE BRITISH COLONIES, IN NORTH-AMERICA AND THE WEST INDIES, AT THE TIME THE CIVIL WAR BROKE OUT ON THE CONTINENT OF AMERICA. London: Printed for the author, 1783. [4],xvi,555,[1]pp. Contemporary calf, rebacked with original spine laid down, gilt leather label. Corners lightly worn, spine rubbed. Contemporary ownership inscription on titlepage. Minor toning and foxing. Very good.

The author discusses the government of the British colonies before the Revolution, the nature of the colonial charters, court jurisdiction and the structure of the court system in the colonies, the United States, the constitutions of the States, and finally, the Acts restoring trade between England and the United States at the close of the Revolution. The author had been Chief Justice of Georgia before the Revolution, then fled to England where he became a barrister. HOWES S1024. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 83-87. SABIN 91994. $1250.

Scarce Early American Work on the Manufacture of Potash

155. Townsend, David: PRINCIPLES AND OBSERVATIONS APPLIED TO THE MANUFACTURE AND INSPECTION OF POT AND PEARL ASHES. Boston: Isaiah Thomas & Ebenezer T. Andrews, 1793. 48pp. Stitched self-wrappers. Chips to titlepage without loss of text, small clipped portions at head of terminal two leaves without loss to text, else very good. Partially unopened. [with:] [SMALL ARCHIVE OF MAN- USCRIPT MATERIAL RELATING TO DAVID TOWNSEND’S SERVICE AS AN INSPECTOR OF POTASH, INCLUDING A DOCUMENT SIGNED BY JOHN HANCOCK]. See below for details.

In the mid-18th century the manufacture of potash became a burgeoning cottage industry. Potash, a mineral rich substance derived from leeching, boiling, and dis- tilling burned out ashes from wood and plants, was used extensively in the colonies to make soap, glass, and gunpowder. It was also an important fertilizer. In 1790 the very first U.S. patent was issued to Samuel Hopkins for an improved furnace in manufacturing potash, attesting to its importance. The United States would be the world’s leading producer of potash into the mid-19th century. This rare pamphlet by Townsend, the Inspector of Pot and Pearl Ashes for Massachusetts, reviews the various manufacturing processes in the early period. Townsend graduated from Harvard College in 1770 and studied medicine under General Joseph Warren. At the Battle of Bunker Hill he accompanied Warren as surgeon in Bunner’s regiment. During the war he was commissioned surgeon to the sixth regiment of foot, commanded by Colonel Asa Whitcomb, and later was senior surgeon to the General Hospital, Northern department. He served with the Continental army under Washington during the harsh winter at Valley Forge. On October 9, 1781 he was made surgeon-general of the hospital department. For many years and up to the time of his death he was physician in charge of the U.S. Marine Hospital in Chelsea, Massachusetts. Dr. Townsend was an active member of the Massachusetts Medical Society from 1785 to 1824, when he retired. Fol- lowing the Revolution, Townsend was one of the charter members of the Society of the Cincinnati, being secretary of the Massachusetts chapter from 1817 to 1821, vice-president from 1821 to 1825, and president from 1825 to 1829. The accompanying manuscript archive is comprised of:

1) Autograph document signed by Samuel Danforth, attesting that he is personally acquainted with Dr. David Townsend and that Townsend “is well acquainted with the principles of Chemistry in general and that from his particular application, he is well qualified to execute the business of a Assay of Pot & Pearl Ashes.” Boston. June 16, 1791. [1]p. 2) Manuscript document signed by Justice of the Peace Samuel Bennett, attesting that Dr. David Townsend has “made oath that he would faithfully perform the duties of the Office of Inspector of Pot Ashes & Pearl Ashes to which he is appointed....” July 16, 1791. [1]p. Lower blank portion of sheet clipped. 3) Manuscript document signed by John Hancock as governor of Massachusetts, an Act concerning the fees for inspecting pot and pearl ashes. Boston. March 26, 1793. [1¼]pp. 4) Manuscript contemporary true copy of the above by John Avery Jr. 5) Manuscript document signed by N. Goodale, Clerk of the District of Massachusetts, acknowledging that David Townsend has registered the title of his “Principles and observations applied to the manufacture and inspection of pot and pearl ashes.” Nov. 10, [1793]. [1]p. Paper covered wax seal. 6) Autograph letter, signed, from Samuel Eliot to David Townsend, thanking him for sending a copy of his pamphlet, “which as far as I can judge must be greatly serviceable to the manufacturing & commercial interests of the State....” May 29, 1796. [1]p.

EVANS 26270. RINK 3169. SABIN 96377. $4250.

The Preliminary Articles of Peace of the French and Indian War

156. [Treaties – Great Britain]: PRELIMINARY ARTICLES OF PEACE, BETWEEN HIS BRITANNICK MAJESTY, THE MOST CHRIS- TIAN KING, AND THE CATHOLICK KING. SIGNED AT FON- TAINEBLEAU, THE 3d DAY OF NOVEMBER, 1762. London. 1762. 23pp. printed in double-column format in parallel French and English. Quarto. Later marbled boards with plain paper spine. Front hinge separated from text block. Light soiling and foxing. Good. In a red half morocco and cloth folder.

The first publication of one of the most far-reaching and significant peace treaties to deal with North America. By terms of this treaty, printed here for final ratification and made official in 1763, major shifts in the American balance of power take place. The French are almost entirely expelled from North America, as their Canadian possessions and all lands east of the Mississippi are ceded to the British. The remainder of Louisiana goes to the Spanish. The Spanish give up claims in Florida to the British, who also receive the Grenadines and Dominica. All the French get is the return of Martinique, Guadeloupe, and several smaller Caribbean islands. The new balance of power set the stage for the American Revolution and the rise of the power of the United States. HOWES P569. SABIN 65044. SERVIES 423. DAVENPORT 148. $4500.

News of the Recognition of American Independence Arrives in London

157. [Treaties of Paris, 1783]: [American Revolution]: PEACE WITH AMERICA, FRANCE AND SPAIN. LAST NIGHT ABOUT EIGHT O’CLOCK, THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE LORD MAYOR RECEIVED THE FOLLOWING LETTER...[title and beginning of text]. [London. Jan. 24, 1783]. Broadside, 12¼ x 9 inches. English royal coat of arms in upper margin. Slight wear, with several small holes and tears, not affecting any text. Two fox marks in center, old stain in right margin. Good overall. In a half morocco and cloth box. See rear cover of this catalogue for illustration

An incredible survival, this broadside – which is apparently unique, with no other copies recorded – is almost certainly the first news to reach the people of London (and the British people generally) of the signing of the preliminary articles of peace with the United States and her French and Spanish allies, effectively ending the American Revolution. The text also summarizes the articles of the treaty between the British government and the Americans, which for the first time here recognized the independence of the United States. The tone of the text is one of urgency, bringing news that undoubtedly was taken as a relief by the people of London. The preliminary articles of peace between the four powers that were at war in the American Revolution – the United States with her allies, France and Spain, against Great Britain – were concluded at the French royal palace at Versailles on January 20, 1783 after months of negotiations. The text of this broadside notes that the news of the signing was sent to the Mayor of London by Lord Grantham, the British Foreign Secretary, in a letter dated January 23, 1783 (i.e. “last night”), and that it was sent at 7:30 p.m. and received at 8 p.m. Grantham’s letter is printed here and reads (in part):

My Lord, I have the satisfaction to acquaint your Lordship, that a messenger is just arrived from Paris, with the Preliminary Articles between Great-Britain and France, and between Great-Britain and Spain, which were signed at Versailles on the 20th Instant....The Preliminaries with Holland is not yet signed, but a cessation of hostilities with that Republic is agreed upon. I send your Lordship immediate notice of this important event, in order that it may be made public in the City without loss of time.

The lower half of the text then prints the essentials of the nine articles of the treaty between Great Britain and the United States, under the headline: “The following are the Articles agreed upon Between Great-Britain & America.” First and foremost is King George III’s acknowledgement of “the Independence of the United States” and his relinquishment to “all claim to the Government, propriety, and territorial rights of the same, for himself, his heirs and successors.” The text then summarizes the remaining nine articles of the treaty, establishing the boundaries of the United States, shared navigation of the Mississippi River, American rights to Newfoundland fisheries, the payment of creditors, prisoner exchanges, etc. No copies of this broadside are listed in ESTC, and we are unable to locate another copy. Unrecorded, and carrying news of tremendous urgency and importance regarding the end of the American Revolution. $25,000.

158. [Trumbull, John]: [MANUSCRIPT RECEIPT]. [Np, but possibly Lon- don]. 1794. Single sheet, 3 x 7¼ inches, mounted on cardboard backing. Some very minor foxing, else near fine.

Manuscript receipt in John Trumbull’s neat script reading: “Paid by A. Poggi, for acc. of J. Trumbull. Febry 13th 1794. to J. Poole for Colours &c. £5.0.0. Sept 28th 1793. to T. Phillips for small copy of Portrait of Genl Washington. – £26.5.0 [underline for total] 31.5.0.” Trumbull became friends with artist and dealer An- tonio di Poggi in the 1780s, while studying painting in England under Benjamin West. Di Poggi acted as agent for Trumbull, locating suitable engravers to render his paintings into prints. This receipt provides a brief glimpse into the business relationship between the two artists. Hailed as the official painter of the Revolution, Trumbull studied painting and art in England and France. The youngest son of the governor of Connecticut, the elder John Trumbull very much wanted his son to go into law. Trumbull did study the law, but gladly joined the fight against the British when the Revolution broke out. He eventually served as Washington’s second aide-de-campe, having been brought to the General’s attention through some very accurate drawings he had made of British gun emplacements. He rose to the rank of colonel as a deputy adjutant-general, but resigned the commission he finally received because it was dated three months late, a slight his honor could not tolerate. He refused to return to the law, finding it quite distasteful, and chose instead to pursue his true passion, art, against his family’s wishes. Though he was never particularly wealthy in this pursuit, he did achieve a certain amount of success in his own lifetime. Among his most famous works are those commissioned in 1817 by Congress to adorn the Capitol: “The Surrender of General Burgoyne at Saratoga,” “The Surrender of General Cornwallis at Yorktown,” “The Declaration of Independence,” and “The Resignation of General Washington.” DAB XIX, pp.11-15. Helen A. Cooper, John Trumbull: The Hand and Spirit of a Painter (Yale, 1982), pp.10-11. John Trumbull, The Autobiography of Colonel John Trumbull (Yale, 1953). $1250.

159. Trumbull, John: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM JOHN TRUMBULL TO HIS BROTHER-IN-LAW, JEDEDIAH HUN- TINGTON]. London. Sept. 21, 1799. [3]pp. written on a folded folio sheet. Some light age toning to the first page and the blank fourth page. Very small tear in top corner of first page. In a neat and highly legible hand, with many corrections by Trumbull. Very good.

John Trumbull writes to his brother-in-law, Jedediah Huntington, regarding the process of some business Huntington had with the Courts of the Admiralty. Trum- bull writes from London, where he was serving on the commission to oversee the execution of the 7th article of the Jay Treaty between the United States and Britain. The letter is highly significant, and, in addition to the personal business contained therein, it touches on many matters concerning Trumbull’s professional duties, as well as political and social commentary. After noting a suspension in the treaty’s execution, he writes: “I presume however that peace and a good understanding between the two Nations is so much the interest of both that this suspension will not last long....” After discussing the state of naval power in Europe, he closes with this cynical admonition: “Against one common error of our country & countrymen I beg you to be upon your guard: do not suppose that either nationally, or individually America is justified in placing any reliance on European friendships.” Hailed as the official painter of the Revolution, Trumbull studied painting and art in England and France. The youngest son of the governor of Connecticut, the elder John Trumbull very much wanted his son to go into law. Trumbull did study the law, but gladly joined the fight against the British when the Revolution broke out. He eventually served as Washington’s second aide-de-campe, having been brought to the General’s attention through some very accurate drawings he had made of British gun emplacements. He rose to the rank of colonel as a deputy adjutant-general, but resigned the commission he finally received because it was dated three months late, a slight his honor could not tolerate. He refused to return to the law, finding it quite distasteful, and chose instead to pursue his true passion, art, against his family’s wishes. Though he was never particularly wealthy in this pursuit, he did achieve a certain amount of success in his own lifetime. Among his most famous works are those commissioned in 1817 by Congress to adorn the capitol: “The Surrender of General Burgoyne at Saratoga,” “The Surrender of General Cornwallis at Yorktown,” “The Declaration of Independence,” and “The Resignation of General Washington.” $1850.

Boston Massacre Oration

160. Tudor, William: AN ORATION, DELIVERED MARCH 5th, 1779, AT THE REQUEST OF THE INHABITANTS OF THE TOWN OF BOSTON; TO COMMEMORATE THE BLOODY TRAGEDY OF THE FIFTH OF MARCH, 1770. Boston: Edes & Gill, 1779. 20 (of 21)pp. Lacks final leaf. Half title. Quarto. Dbd. Minor soiling. Contemporary inscription on half title. Very good. In a red cloth slipcase.

Commemorative oration given by prominent Boston citizen William Tudor on the anniversary of the Boston Massacre. Tudor (1750-1819) studied law with John Adams and was a judge advocate in the Continental Army. His oration is full of pointed historical examples – the tale of Julius Caesar being much expounded – and learned quotations which uphold the ideals of liberty and justice against tyranny. This copy belonged to John Scollay (for whom the square is named). EVANS 16550. ESTC W28767. $3000.

161. [United States Congress]: ACTS PASSED AT A CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF NEW-YORK, ON WEDNESDAY THE FOURTH OF MARCH, IN THE YEAR M,DCC,LXXXIX, AND OF THE IN- DEPENDENCE OF THE UNITED STATES THE THIRTEENTH. Hartford: Re-printed and sold by Hudson and Goodwin, 1791 [i.e. 1793]. 486,[9]pp. Contemporary sheep, gilt leather label. Covers worn, front cover abraded, corners worn. Occasional minor soiling and spotting. A very good copy internally.

One of several “1791” editions of the Acts, printing all three sessions of the historic First Congress, which convened March 4, 1789 and adjourned March 3, 1791. This printing also contains acts passed as late as March 2, 1793. Included is the Constitution, the Constitutional Convention’s resolution and transmittal of the Constitution to Congress and the several states, and the Bill of Rights with the twelve amendments proposed by the First Congress. EVANS 23843. HOWES A35 (ref ). SABIN 15494. $1500.

162. [United States Laws]: THE LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.... Philadelphia: Printed by Richard Folwell, 1796-1797. Three volumes. 494,[1]; 576; 477,[1]pp. plus index. Modern cloth, leather label. Bit tanned. Occasional minor fox mark. Overall very good.

“The third volume though dated 1796 was not printed before 1797. Contains the Acts passed by the first, second, third, and fourth Congress” – Evans. An important collection, not usually found with all three volumes of the Folwell edition, as in the present set. Since the original publications of these laws are almost impossible to find, and when found are extremely expensive, the Folwell set is virtually the earliest obtainable version. EVANS 31356, 32973. $1250.

163. [United States Laws – Bank of the United States]: THIRD CON- GRESS OF THE UNITED STATES: AT THE FIRST SESSION... AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE PAYMENT OF THE SECOND INSTALMENT [sic] DUE ON A LOAN MADE OF THE BANK OF THE UNITED STATES [caption title]. [Philadelphia: Childs and Swaine, 1794]. Folio broadside. Stitch holes in left margin. Slight age toning at edges, a few slight instances of dampstaining. A very good copy.

A rare official printing of an act from the first session of the Third Congress ap- proving payment by the President of the United States of $200,000 of the “pro- ceeds of foreign loans...in payment of the second installment due to the bank of the United States, upon a loan of the said bank.” Signed in print by Frederick Augustus Muhlenberg, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and Ralph Izard, President of the Senate, pro tempore, the act was approved by President Washington on June 4, 1794. A rare Federal-era printed act. NAIP records four locations, at LC, Rhode Island Historical Society, AAS, and JCB. EVANS 27861. NAIP w028069. $850.

164. [United States Senate]: JOURNAL OF THE SECOND SESSION OF THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, BEGUN AND HELD AT THE CITY OF NEW-YORK, JANUARY 4th, 1790; AND IN THE FOURTEENTH YEAR OF THE INDE- PENDENCE OF THE SAID STATES. New York: John Fenno, 1790. 224pp. Folio. Contemporary calf, spine gilt with raised bands. Boards and spine moderately worn. Slight age toning, a few instances of light foxing. A very good copy. In a cloth case.

Second issue of the Senate journal of the second session of the first Congress, with the pagination of the two final leaves (pp.222-224) corrected and an erratum added. Many important issues were settled in the discussions recorded herein, and many significant moments in the nation’s history are treated in depth. Included are the first State of the Union Message, discussions of state surrender of western lands, notices of ratification of the Bill of Rights, and discussions of questions of the seat of government and Hamilton’s fiscal proposals. A highly significant journal describing some of the founding legislation of the United States. EVANS 22982. NAIP w020579. $8500.

165. Varnum, James M.: THE CASE, TREVETT AGAINST WEEDEN: ON INFORMATION AND COMPLAINT, FOR REFUSING PA- PER BILLS IN PAYMENT FOR BUTCHER’S MEAT, IN MAR- KET, AT PAR WITH SPECIE. TRIED BEFORE THE HONOUR- ABLE SUPERIOR COURT, IN THE COUNTY OF NEWPORT, SEPTEMBER TERM, 1786.... Providence: John Carter, 1787. iv,60pp. Antique-style calf, gilt leather label. Minor foxing and toning. Very good plus.

A landmark in the establishment of the doctrine of judicial review, written by the presiding justice, here in the first edition. A clear, concise argument for the judiciary’s right to reject legislation that violated the provisions of the new Constitution, and for the power of the judiciary in the realm of political authority. The plaintiff offered paper money, issued by an act of the General Assembly of Rhode Island, for the purchase of meat from the defendant, a butcher. The money was refused and the butcher lodged a complaint. The court ruled in favor of the defendant. The present case is considered the most important of the number of colonial cases regarding judicial review, due to its publication as a separate work and the high degree of advertisement and publicity it received at the time of the Convention. Varnum’s influence on John Marshall’s statement in Marbury vs. Madison, seventeen years later, is apparent. Madison noted it in the debates, and Warren supported the ruling. Varnum later became the justice for the new Northwest Territory and participated in drafting its laws. ALDEN 1105. EVANS 20825. SABIN 98638. KRESS B1355. JCB (3)I:3167. $1250.

166. [Virginia]: OBSERVATIONS ON THE CASE OF THE PLANT- ERS OF VIRGINIA. IN A LETTER TO ——— [caption title]. [Lon- don. 1733]. 4pp. Folio. Reinforced with tissue along vertical fold. Three-inch segment cut away along lower inner margin, not affecting text. Minor soiling. Very good.

A rebuttal to the complaints of a pamphlet entitled The Case of the Planters of Tobacco in Virginia, published the same year. The pamphlet to which this document refers “contains a summary of the various imposts on tobacco landed in England, an account of the complicated customhouse procedures, and of the frauds most prevalent at importation and exportation. It is suggested that the methods enforced by the custom regulations invite deception. The difficulties of the planters are referred to” – Arents. Fewer than ten copies of the present work are located in ESTC. ESTC T41772. SABIN 100505. ARENTS 673 (ref ). EUROPEAN AMERICANA 733/191. $2000. 167. [Walton, William]: A NARRATIVE OF THE CAPTIVITY AND SUFFERINGS OF BENJAMIN GILBERT AND HIS FAMILY; WHO WERE SURPRISED BY THE INDIANS, AND TAKEN FROM THEIR FARMS, ON THE FRONTIERS OF PENNSYL- VANIA, IN THE SPRING, 1780. Philadelphia: Joseph Crukshank, 1784. 96pp. Modern three-quarter calf and marbled boards, spine gilt. Modern bookplate on front pastedown. Lightly age-toned; light to moderate foxing and soiling. A good, solid copy.

A rare Indian captivity, here in the first edition. Gilbert dictated his experiences to William Walton, who wrote this book. On June 25, 1780 a party of eleven Seneca Indians led by Rowland and John Montour (sons of the famous Catharine Montour) invaded frontier Pennsylvania settlements where the Gilbert homestead was located. The fifteen captives were bound with cords, their home was plundered and burned before their eyes, and they were taken to Fort Niagara, where they were divided among the Indians. Individual family members were redeemed by degrees, mostly at Fort Niagara, being sent first to Montreal and then home to Pennsylvania. “Extremely valuable for its account of Indian life” – Vail. FIELD 607. EVANS 18497. SABIN 27348. HOWES W80, “aa.” AYER 301. VAIL 718. $2250.

Early Discontent with American Politics

168. Warren, James: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM JAMES WARREN TO ELBRIDGE GERRY, COMMENTING ON THE PASSING OF REVOLUTIONARY FERVOR]. Milton, Ma. Aug. 17, 1783. [2]pp. plus integral address leaf. Quarto, on a folded folio sheet. Rem- nants of older tape repairs to address leaf. Silked. About very good. In a maroon cloth folder, gilt leather label.

James Warren (1726-1808), formerly the president of the Provisional Congress of Massachusetts, writes of his disillusion with politics to his old friend, Elbridge Gerry, then serving in the Continental Congress. After enquiring about his son (one of five he had with authoress Mercy Otis Warren), who was then in Philadelphia with Gerry, he continues:

I suppose by this time you are engaged in the great field of Politics that you have before you & in full view of all the movements of the great Machine. Whether they proceed from those sources that characterize the great & good Statesman, or the cunning & designing Politician, and your reverence & contempt may alternately rise and fall as the different objects pass in succession before you, from my humble station I view the great operations at a distance. If it be my duty to view them with respect, contempt & indignation will sometimes intrude & how can I help it while consciousness of our past labours remain & recol- lection frequently brings to view not only our conduct, but the motives that governed it. The fault is in the contract, I am not to blame....But enough of this, I would tell you news if I had any but there is a Dead Calm. Inactivity has succeeded the Bustle & Turmoil of War. Peace & Plenty give it countenance, we must wait for time or some occurrence to raise a genius that shall make a figure in Tranquility. Perhaps such a one may arise soon and blaze like a new constellation. We may hope to see a mode devised for establishing public credit without sacrificing or hazarding our dear earned rights. $2500.

169. Washington, Bushrod: [AUTOGRAPH LETTER, SIGNED, FROM BUSHROD WASHINGTON TO TOBIAS LEAR]. Alexandria. Nov. 22, 1791. [1]p. plus integral address leaf, docketed on verso. Quarto, on a folded folio sheet. Old fold lines. Very minor soiling. Very good.

Bushrod Washington, George Washington’s nephew, writes to Tobias Lear, introducing Robert Scott – another relation of General Washington, recently arrived in Philadelphia – and asking Lear to show him around the city, introduce him to the President, etc. Lear was Washington’s secretary, and as such would have been in a prime position to introduce Mr. Scott to the President and other notable persons in the city. The letter reads:

Dear Sir, I have the pleasure of introducing to your acquaintance Mr. Robert Scott, a near relation of Mr. Washington, who has lately arrived in this country from Great Britain, and intends to spend a short time in Philadelphia before he returns. He appears to be a gentleman of very amiable & accomplished manners. You will much oblige me by introducing him to the President & family & to such other of your acquaintances as may contribute to render his time in the city agreeable.

$1250.

One of Webster’s First Works

170. Webster, Noah: A GRAMMATICAL INSTITUTE OF THE ENG- LISH LANGUAGE, COMPRISING AN EASY, CONCISE AND SYSTEMATIC METHOD OF EDUCATION; DESIGNED FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS IN AMERICA. IN THREE PARTS. PART III. Hartford: Barlow & Babcock, 1785. 186pp. 12mo. Contemporary calf, leather label. Head and foot of spine chipped, corners and hinges rubbed. Contemporary ownership inscriptions on front endpapers and titlepage. First six leaves loose. Light foxing and soiling. Good.

Webster’s first publication was Part I of A Grammatical Institute..., published in Hartford in 1783. The present work is the first edition of Part III, the pronuncia- tion and spelling text. Of great interest as one of Webster’s earliest contributions. EVANS 19361. $3000. The Treasury Considers the Stamp Act

171. [Whately, Thomas]: THE REGULATIONS LATELY MADE CON- CERNING THE COLONIES, AND THE TAXES IMPOSED UPON THEM, CONSIDERED. London. 1765. [2],114pp. Half title. Modern paper boards, printed paper label. Minor toning and soiling. Very good. In a tan half morocco and cloth folder.

Although sometimes attributed to George Grenville, this was actually written by one of his secretaries, Thomas Whately. An important Stamp Act pamphlet, setting forth the views of the Ministry relating to its rights to taxation in the American colonies, and arguing that the American colonies are “virtually represented” in Parliament. Interesting for the conflicting response from Caribbean and North American colonies to proposed taxes. HOWES W311. AMERICAN CONTROVERSY 65-27a. BEINECKE LESSER AN- TILLES COLLECTION 259. $1000.

Official Copy of the Act Authorizing President Washington to Call Out Troops to Suppress the Whiskey Rebellion, Signed by Secretary of State Edmund Randolph

172. [Whiskey Rebellion]: [Randolph, Edmund]: THIRD CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES...AN ACT TO AUTHORIZE THE PRESI- DENT TO CALL OUT AND STATION A CORPS OF MILITIA, IN THE FOUR WESTERN COUNTIES OF PENNSYLVANIA, FOR A LIMITED TIME [caption title]. Philadelphia. 1794. Broadside, 13½ x 8 inches. Old fold lines. Minor soiling. Very good.

An official copy, signed by Secretary of State Edmund Randolph, of the act passed by the Third Congress authorizing the troops sent to Western Pennsylvania to quell the Whiskey Rebellion. George Washington’s presidential message of November 22, 1792 advocated a tax on distilled spirits, and Alexander Hamilton was a strong proponent of the whiskey excise tax, which was part of his overall plan for putting the Federal Government on a sound fiscal basis. As with many of his other proposals, it aroused bitter opposition in some quarters. Some objected that it paid federal taxes which properly belong to the states, while frontier representatives considered themselves singled out for an onerous tax. The impact of the whiskey revenue took several years to take full effect while the system of collectors was installed. Grow- ing resistance to the tax continued to develop through the summer of 1794, when the Whiskey Rebellion really began. Congress repealed the excise tax on distilled spirits in March 1797, effectively ending the cause of the revolt. “Approved, November the twenty-ninth, 1794,” and signed in print by Speaker of the House Frederick Augustus Muhlenberg, Vice President John Adams, and President George Washington. Two states of this imprint are noted. One, Evans 27886, includes a statement of deposition: “Deposited among the rolls in the Office of the Secretary of State. Secretary of State,” and is signed by Secretary of State Edmund Randolph. The other, Bristol B8960, is without this statement. This is the former, signed in manuscript by Secretary of State Edmund Randolph. ESTC locates three copies in all, but does not distinguish between the two states. Scarce in either format, and particularly rare with the signature of the Secretary of State. Edmund Randolph became the second Secretary of State on January 2, 1794, succeeding Thomas Jefferson, who resigned at the end of 1793. He continued the practice begun in the First Congress of the Secretary of State signing a small number of “official” copies of Congressional acts for distribution to the states and important government officials. After the Third Congress, official acts were no longer signed in manuscript by the Secretary of State. EVANS 27886. ESTC W10336. $7500.

173. Whittemore, Nathaniel: AN ALMANACK FOR THE YEAR OF OUR LORD, 1726. [Boston: Thomas Fleet], 1726 [i.e. 1725?]. [16]pp. including one in-text woodcut illustration. 12mo. Printed self-wrappers, stitched. Wrappers rubbed and soiled. A few small stains, else very good internally. Two contemporary ink annotations in margin of p.[9]. Good.

An early 18th-century almanac by Nathaniel Whittemore, who composed a series of almanacs issued in Boston between 1705 and 1740. Evans ascribes printing to Thomas Fleet, who was evidently the only printer to use the particular cut of the anatomical zodiac appearing on page [2]. The final page contains an essay entitled, “Something of the Matter of Elements, and the Composition of Bodies: The Ele- ment of Fire first.” DRAKE 3014. EVANS 2718. NAIP w036388. $1250.

174. Winthrop, John: A JOURNAL OF THE TRANSACTIONS AND OCCURRENCES IN THE SETTLEMENT OF MASSACHU- SETTS AND THE OTHER NEW-ENGLAND COLONIES, FROM THE YEAR 1630 TO 1644.... Hartford. 1790. [6],364,[4]pp. Contemporary calf, spine gilt, leather label. Binding rubbed and scuffed, still quite solid. Contemporary bookplate of John Gardiner on front pastedown. Some light foxing and toning. A few contemporary notations and corrections in the text. Overall, very good.

The first publication of Winthrop’s journal, one of the primary accounts of the great Puritan migration, the founding of Boston, and the early years of the Mas- sachusetts Bay Colony. The work was copied from Winthrop’s original manuscript by Governor John Trumbull of Connecticut and his secretary, John Porter, and then edited by Noah Webster. This volume bears the bookplate and ownership inscriptions of John Gardiner and John Lyon Gardiner, likely of Gardiners Island off eastern Long Island. HOWES W583, “aa.” EVANS 23086. SKEEL 781. TRUMBULL 1695. $1000. Against the Mathers

175. Wise, John: THE CHURCHES QUARREL ESPOUSED: OR, A REPLY IN SATYRE, TO CERTAIN PROPOSALS MADE, IN AN- SWER TO THIS QUESTION, WHAT FURTHER STEPS ARE TO BE TAKEN, THAT THE COUNCILS MAY HAVE DUE CONSTI- TUTION AND EFFICACY IN SUPPORTING, PRESERVING, AND WELL-ORDERING THE INTEREST OF THE CHURCHES IN THE COUNTRY? Boston: Reprinted: Sold by Nicholas Boone, at the Sign of the Bible in Cornhill, 1715. Testimonial leaf, title-leaf, 116pp. 12mo. Contemporary speckled calf, ruled in blind on both boards. Corner tips slightly worn. Contemporary ownership inscription of John Bailey on titlepage. Small loss at top margin of titlepage from ink burn. A very nice copy.

Second edition, after the virtually unobtainable first New York edition of 1713. The present pamphlet was issued in response to an attempt by the Mathers and others to initiate a movement to establish associations of clergy to exercise functions usually left up to individual churches. Wise has since been called the “first great American democrat,” due to his argument that the ultimate power of the churches should rest with the congregation and not with their ministers or an association of ministers. “The People...are the first Subject of Power...a Democracy in Church or State is a very honourable Government.” Wise’s influential A Vindication of the Government of New-England Churches (Boston, 1717) is the famous statement of his belief in Congregational polity. EVANS 1795 SABIN 104897. HOWES W594, “aa.” DAB XX, p.427. $3500.

Rare History of the French and Indian War

176. [Wright, John]: A COMPLEAT HISTORY OF THE LATE WAR; OR ANNUAL REGISTER OF IT’S [sic] RISE, PROGRESS, AND EVENTS IN EUROPE, ASIA, AFRICA, AND AMERICA. AND EXHIBITING THE STATE OF THE BELLIGERENT POWERS AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE WAR.... Dublin. 1763. [16], 559pp. plus ten portraits, one folding view, and five folding maps. Contem- porary speckled calf, gilt leather label. Extremities rubbed. Minor scattered foxing and soiling. Very good.

An interesting work, first published in Dublin, comprised of selections from the Annual Register from 1758 to 1763, this work provides an excellent contemporary account of the military events of the French and Indian War, especially the Siege of Quebec. This work is sometimes ascribed to Edmund Burke, as he was editor of the Annual Register during the period covered. The attribution to John Wright stems from the London 1765 edition which gives that name, possibly a pseudonym for Burke as author. With a large folding map of the British and French territories in North America, a folding view of Montreal, a plan of Louisbourg, and several engraved portraits, subjects of which include Admiral Boscawen, Gen. James Wolfe, George III, Prince Ferdinand, and Frederick III. HOWES W698, “aa.” SABIN 105605 (another ed). $8500.

177. [Zenger, John Peter]: THE CASE AND TRYAL OF JOHN PETER ZENGER, OF NEW-YORK, PRINTER, WHO WAS LATELY TRYED AND ACQUITTED FOR PRINTING AND PUBLISH- ING A LIBEL AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT. WITH THE PLEADINGS AND ARGUMENTS ON BOTH SIDES. London: Printed for J. Wilford, 1750. 59pp. Small octavo. Dbd. Very clean and neat. Very good. In a cloth chemise and half morocco and cloth slipcase, spine gilt.

Later British edition, after the several London editions of 1738 and the first New York edition of 1736. Zenger was put on trial for remarks made in his newspaper about the Governor of New York. His trial is usually considered to be the first case involving freedom of the press in America, and the Zenger trial represents the first instance in American law where truth was admitted as justification for a libel. The narrative was written by Zenger himself and makes for captivating reading. This edition was published because of a London case over freedom of the press. HOWES Z6. SABIN 106308. COHEN 13388. $2250.