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The Excavation at Limyra/Lycia 2016: Preliminary Report

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Anatolia Antiqua Revue internationale d'archéologie anatolienne XXV | 2017 Varia The excavation at Limyra/Lycia 2016: preliminary report Martin Seyer, Alexandra Dolea, Kathrin Kugler, Helmut Brückner and Friederike Stock Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/anatoliaantiqua/458 DOI: 10.4000/anatoliaantiqua.458 Publisher IFEA Printed version Date of publication: 1 May 2017 Number of pages: 143-160 ISBN: 978-2-36245-066-2 ISSN: 1018-1946 Electronic reference Martin Seyer, Alexandra Dolea, Kathrin Kugler, Helmut Brückner and Friederike Stock, « The excavation at Limyra/Lycia 2016: preliminary report », Anatolia Antiqua [Online], XXV | 2017, Online since 01 May 2019, connection on 19 December 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/anatoliaantiqua/458 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/anatoliaantiqua.458 Anatolia Antiqua TABLE DES MATIERES N. Pınar ÖZGÜNER et Geoffrey D. SUMMERS The Çevre Kale Fortress and the outer enclosure on the Karacadağ at Yaraşlı 1 Abuzer KIZIL et Asil YAMAN A group of transport amphorae from the territorium of Ceramus: Typological observations 17 Tülin TAN The hellenistic tumulus of Eşenköy in NW Turkey 33 Emre TAŞTEMÜR Glass pendants in Tekirdağ and Edirne Museums 53 Liviu Mihail IANCU Self-mutilation, multiculturalism and hybridity. Herodotos on the Karians in Egypt (Hdt. 2.61.2) 57 CHRONIQUES DES TRAVAUX ARCHEOLOGIQUES EN TURQUIE 2016 Erhan BIÇAKÇI, Martin GODON et Ali Metin BÜYÜKKARAKAYA, Korhan ERTURAÇ, Catherine KUZUCUOĞLU, Yasin Gökhan ÇAKAN, Alice VINET Les fouilles de Tepecik-Çiftlik et les activités du programme Melendiz préhistorique, campagne 2016 71 Çiğdem MANER Preliminary report on the forth season of the Konya-Ereğli Survey (KEYAR) 2016 95 Sami PATACI et Ergün LAFLI Field surveys in Ardahan in 2016 115 Erkan KONYAR, Bülent GENÇ, Can AVCI et Armağan TAN The Van Tušpa Excavations 2015-2016 127 Martin SEYER, Alexandra DOLEA, Kathrin KUGLER, Helmut BRÜCKNER et Friederike STOCK The excavation at Limyra/Lycia 2016: Preliminary report 143 Abuzer KIZIL, Koray KONUK, Sönmez ALEMDAR, Laurent CAPDETREY, Raymond DESCAT, Didier LAROCHE, Enora LE QUERE, Francis PROST et Baptiste VERGNAUD Eurômos : rapport préliminaire sur les travaux réalisés en 2016 161 O. HENRY et D. LÖWENBORG, Fr. MARCHAND-BEAULIEU, G. TUCKER, A. FREJMAN, A. LAMESA, Chr. BOST, B. VERGNAUD, I. STOJANOVITC, N. CARLESS-UNWINN, N. SCHIBILLE, Ö.D. ÇAKMAKLI, E. ANDERSSON Labraunda 2016 187 CHRONIQUES DES TRAVAUX ARCHEOLOGIQUES EN TURQUIE 2016 Anatolia Antiqua XXV (2017), p. 143-160 Martin SEYER, Alexandra DOLEA, Kathrin KUGLER, Helmut BRÜCKNER and Friederike STOCK* THE EXCAVATION AT LIMYRA/LYCIA 2016: PRELIMINARY REPORT The 2016 Campaign at Limyra commenced on edge of the urban development of Limyra during August 8th 2016 with the permission granted by the the Hellenistic period is, however, symptomatic for Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Due to the archaeological investigation of Lycia, since the the early termination of the Austrian excavations by situation is similar in the other large cities of this re- the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of gion. The importance of Limyra in early Hellenism Turkey it had to be finished on August 31st. We is testified mainly by the impressive remains of the would like to express our thanks to the state repre- Ptolemaion of the first half of the 3rd century B.C.2, sentative Çaylan Ulutaş of Antalya Museum. by several fragments of a monumental building of the Ionic order reused as spolia in the Late Antique/ear- RESEARCH FOCUS ly Byzantine city wall of the East City3, as well as “URBANISTIC STUDIES IN LIMYRA” by several blocks decorated with depictions of bu- (M. Seyer) crania, some of which also were reused in the same city wall (Fig. 2)4. A huge foundation which was With the approval of the scientific project “The found in the area of the Byzantine West Gate in Urbanistic Development of Limyra in the Hellenistic 2012 and which has been assigned experimentally Period” for three years by the Austrian Science to a peripteros has to be mentioned in this context Fund (FWF) (P29027-G25), the research program either, since due to the pottery discovered it should on urbanism that had already been conducted for be dated in the early Hellenistic period5. Together several years1 could be intensified in 2016. Particular with the impressive archaeological finds, the rich focus should be given to the development of Limyra epigraphic evidence of this epoch not only allows especially in the period under consideration, whereby conclusions regarding the importance of the city, the extent, the structures, and the urban image of but also the existence of various buildings not the eastern Lycian city of Limyra from the time of localised so far6. Ptolemaic rule in the 3rd century B.C. until the early Therefore, it is remarkable that during numerous Imperial period will be studied in their historical excavations at various places in Limyra, only very context. scant Hellenistic phases have been found. This is The extent and the character of Zẽmuri/Limyra striking mainly for the excavations in the West City (Fig. 1), after its expansion into a seat of royal close to the classical city wall7 and in the residential power by the dynast Pericles at the beginning of the area at the lower slope of the acropolis hill8, as es- 4th century B.C., have been adequately studied pecially in these areas Hellenistic strata and building through many years of excavation. The scant knowl- phases were to be expected. At the moment the im- *) M. Seyer and A. Dolea, Austrian Archaeological Institute, Vienna; K. Kugler, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; H. Brückner and F. Stock, Institute of Geography, University of Cologne. 1) Seyer 2013 : 59-63; Seyer, in press. For the results of the field campaigns from 2011-2015 at Limyra see the regular preliminary reports in “Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı” as well as in “News of Archaeology from Anatolia‘s Mediterranean Areas”. 2) Cf. recently Stanzl 2012, 2016. 3) Cavalier 2012. 4) Dinstl 1993. For a short list of further architectural evidence of the early Hellenistic period: Marksteiner 2012: 202. 5) Seyer and Schuh 2013: 407-408; 2013a : 87. 6) Wörrle 1977, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2015. 7) Konecny and Marksteiner 2007 : 26. 8) Seyer 1991/92, 1993, 1997. 144 MARTIN SEYER et alii 20 m so far, but together with the results of the geo- physical survey conducted in 2013 and 2014 (Fig. 5)11 it forms one of the basic elements which provide new ideas about the general lay out and the urbanistic development of the city of Limyra. The realisation that the area of Limyra was enlarged in the early Hellenistic period, most probably built to modern standards, constitutes a first important step within the investigation of the Hellenistic city. As the next step, based on the (preparatory) re- search during the last years, a scientific project con- cerning the urbanistic development of Limyra in the Hellenistic period was worked out. With a term of three years this project will attempt to answer questions concerning the extension and the borders of the city in the time under consideration, a more precise dating of the urban expansion, a possible uniform orientation and a street grid of the developed areas, architectural constituents of Limyra (type and chronology of the buildings), a classification of the numerous fragments of sacred buildings, and a ty- pological chronology of the findings, just to mention a few of the aims. In order to achieve the ambitious goals for the 2016 season several excavations12, geoarchaeological and geophysical surveys, architectural and epigraphic studies, an intraurban survey, and a project to study Fig. 1 : Limyra, city plan (Plan: C. Kurtze). the numerous architectural blocks used as spolia in the Late Antique city-walls were planned. However, just a small part of these research projects could be portance of Limyra in the Hellenistic period is carried out. The geoarchaeological survey could be testified mainly by the above mentioned monuments. conducted as planned, archaeological excavation Our knowledge of the urban development is still could take place for three weeks in one of the very sparse. The restoration and partial reconstruction planned areas, and the study of the Classic and Hel- of the damaged classical fortifications9 could be lenistic pottery could be started. Due to the early viewed as the only testimony of the Hellenistic and unexpected termination of the excavation by period in Limyra that could be understood as an ur- the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs the remaining banistic measure in the broadest sense. investigations could not take place and had to be During excavations in 2012, close to the Byzantine postponed. West Gate of Limyra (Fig. 3), however, a section of the Hellenistic fortification wall was found (Fig. 4). THE PRELIMINARY RESULTS This wall indicates that Limyra was enlarged for OF 2016 LIMYRA EXCAVATION CAMPAIGN approx. 80 m to the South in the Early Hellenistic (A. Dolea) period, as according to the pottery found in the foundations the wall can be dated in this epoch10. The excavation in the West city of Limyra started The fortification wall has been excavated only for on the 8th of August 2016 with the purpose of 9) Marksteiner 1997: 69‒73, 199-201. 10) As first studies show, the material contains mainly fragments of the so called ‟Streifen- und Wellenbandkeramik” and black- glazed-ware, both of the Classical period: cf. the contribution of K. Kugler below and Kugler, in press. 11) Seyer, in press. 12) The first sector was considered in the area close to the Byzantine West Gate, where the results of the geophysical survey show a structure which we might interpret as a city gate (Seyer, in press). Another excavation was planned in the area north to the Cenotaph of C. Caesar (see the contribution of A.
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