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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,134,178 B2 Kurtz Et Al

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(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,134,178 B2 Kurtz Et Al USOO91341 78B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9,134,178 B2 Kurtz et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Sep. 15, 2015 (54) OBSERVER METAMERICFAILURE (56) References Cited COMPENSATION METHOD U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS (75) Inventors: Andrew F. Kurtz, Macedon, NY (US); 4.941,039 A 7, 1990 EErrico Elena A. Fedorovskaya, Pittsford, NY 5,557,712 A * 9/1996 Guay ............................ 345,611 (US); Thomas O. Maier, Rochester, NY 5,583,666 A * 12/1996 Ellson et al. ... 358/518 (US) 6,337,923 B1* 1/2002 Yoon et al. .................... 382, 167 6,816.284 B1 1 1/2004 Hill et al. 7,362,336 B2 4/2008 Miller et al. (73) Assignee: IMAX Corporation, Mississauga, 8,085,476 B2 12/2011 Silverstein et al. Ontario 2002/0031258 A1 3/2002 Namikata ..................... 382,165 (Continued) (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS U.S.C. 154(b) by 206 days. EP 2375230 A1 10/2011 This patent is Subject to a terminal dis WO 2010/085.505 T 2010 claimer. OTHER PUBLICATIONS (21) Appl. No.: 13/559,638 Wyszecki and Stiles, Color Science, 2" Ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp. 817-822 (1982). (22) Filed: Jul. 27, 2012 (Continued) (65) Prior Publication Data Primary Examiner — Jason M Repko Assistant Examiner — Yi Yang US 2014/OO28697 A1 Jan. 30, 2014 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Kilpatrick Townsend & Stockton LLP (51) Int. C. G09G 5/02 (2006.01) (57) ABSTRACT G06K 9/00 (2006.01) A method for color correcting an input color image having GO3F 3/08 (2006.01) input color values adapted for display on a reference display GDI3/46 (2006.01) device having a plurality of input color primaries to account to H04N 9/3 (2006.01) provide reduced observer metemaric failure on a narrow H04N 9/67 (2006.01) band display device. A metamerism correction transform is H04N L/58 (2006.01) applied to the input color image to determine an output color (52) U.S. C. image having output color values in an output color space CPC. G0IJ 3/465 (2013.01); H04N I/58 (2013.01); appropriate for display on the narrow-band display device. H04N 9/3161 (2013.01); H04N 9/3182 The metamerism correction transform modifies colorimetry (2013.01); H04N 9/67 (2013.01) associated with the input colors to provide output color values (58) Field of Classification Search Such that an average observer metameric failure is reduced for USPC ............ 345/589,690; 382/162, 167; 358/518 a distribution of target observers. See application file for complete search history. 22 Claims, 31 Drawing Sheets CE. 93 x3' chromaticity diagra SOI . (). - 0.5 - cifoliaticity crimits US 9,134,178 B2 Page 2 (56) References Cited Koenig et al., “A Multiprimary Display: Discounting Observer Metamerism.” Proc. SPIE, vol. 4421, pp. 898-901 (2002). U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Fairchild and Wyble, "Mean observer metamerism and the selection of display primaries.” Proc. 15” Color Imaging Conference, pp. 151 2003/0081831 A1* 5/2003 Fukao et al. .................. 382, 167 156 (2007). 2006, O152524 A1* 7, 2006 Miller et al. 345,589 Bergquist, "Display with arbitrary primary spectra.” SID Digest, vol. 2008/0239334 A1* 10, 2008 Jasinski et al. ................. 358/16 39, pp. 783-786 (2008). 2010.0014072 A1 1/2010 Bosselmann et al. ........ 356,731 Sarkar et al., “Toward reducing observer metamerism in industrial 2011/017.5925 A1* 7, 2011 Kane et al. ......... 345,589 applications: colorimetric observer categories and observer classifi 2011/0261050 A1* 10, 2011 Smolic et al. 345,419 cation.” Proc. 18" Color Imaging Conference, pp. 307-313 (2010). 2011/0310303 A1* 12/2011 Marcus et al. 348,649 Trezona, “Individual observer data for the 1955 Stiles-Burch 2 pilot 2012/0133649 A1* 5, 2012 Reder ......... 345,419 investigation.” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A., vol. 4, pp. 769-782 (1987). 2013/0033528 A1 2/2013 Sarkar et al. .................. 345,690 H.R. Kang, Computational Color Technology, Society of Photo Optical Engineers, Bellingham, WA, Section 3.5, pp.39-41, (2006). OTHER PUBLICATIONS Brainard, "Cone contrast and opponent modulation color spaces.” in Human Color Vision, 2" edition, Ed. Kaiser and Boynton, Optical Thornton and Hale, "Color-imaging primaries and gamut as pre Society of America, Washington, DC., pp. 563-579 (1996). scribed by the human visual system.” Proc. SPIE, vol.3963, pp. 28-35 Silverstein et al., “A laser-based digital cinema projector.” SID Sym (2000). posium Digest, vol. 42, pp. 326-329 (2011). Ramanath, "Minimizing observer metamerism in display systems.” Color Research and Application, vol. 34, pp. 391-398 (2009). * cited by examiner U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 1 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 5 S CN S cy w cys N S S SEWASWS U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 2 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 Sf77A STOASIS U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 3 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 CS) vs. s S S U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 4 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 5 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 992 O| 002 98Z 08? U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 6 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 SSŠSsSS ADNEA/TE U.S. Patent US 9,134,178 B2 029 U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 8 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 i.…………………*………………………·················š···················*.……·····?··················3···············)§§§ U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 9 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 & U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 10 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 ~...~...~...~...~~~ U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 11 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 12 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 -? - *~O?zty U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 13 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 14 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 15 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 908 U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 16 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 U.S. Patent US 9,134,178 B2 0/9 U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 18 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 s : S 5 5. S C S s C s U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 19 Of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 20 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 : s C g C U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 21 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 s U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 22 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 029 ENOZ 929 U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 23 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 s S uOOei uOOei OO U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 24 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 kS C S S i? Cn S l VN VN S SQ 9a S 9 l Y L. Q cy) N U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 25 Of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 C CO CC N S N-- - - - 1 6. / S N O f N \ VN l e | 9. \ A l U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 26 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 27 Of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 28 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 -0.12’0 U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 29 Of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 NEER150SS7}{5) 09:37'0 U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 30 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 0069’0 ·0,069,0 0999’0 U.S. Patent Sep. 15, 2015 Sheet 31 of 31 US 9,134,178 B2 028 Al 3.3 8 But 1 r. US 9,134,178 B2 1. 2 OBSERVER METAMERICFAILURE As can then be anticipated, there are various circumstances COMPENSATION METHOD in which the spectral differences of a nominal metameric pair can lead to metameric failure, in which the expected color CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED match is no longer perceived. As a first example, observer APPLICATIONS metameric failure (sometimes referred to as observer color perception variability) occurs when the color of two objects, Reference is made to commonly assigned, co-pending U.S. or two elements in a displayed image, are perceived differ patent application Ser. No. 13/559,647, entitled: “Observer ently by two or more observers in the same viewing condi metameric failure reduction method’, by Maier et al.; and to tions. Observer metameric failure occurs because the optical commonly assigned, co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. 10 system of the eyes, the color receptor response, and neural color processing varies among individuals. As another No. 13/559,651, entitled: “Display system providing example, illuminant metameric failure occurs when colors observer metameric failure reduction', by Kurtzet al., each of match under one light source, but not another. For example, which is incorporated herein by reference. two color patches with different reflectance spectra can 15 appear to be identical, providing the same color appearance FIELD OF THE INVENTION when viewed under daylight illumination. However, then when viewed under fluorescent illumination, the color The present invention relates to the field of digital display patches can appear differently, even to a single observer. systems with narrow-band primaries, and more particularly to Conditions of metameric failure are further defined to include methods for reducing the experience of observer metameric field-size metameric failure and geometric metameric failure.
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