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Contributions to the Knowledge of Moths of Bombycoidea Latreille, 1802 (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of Bhutan with New Records

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Contributions to the Knowledge of Moths of Bombycoidea Latreille, 1802 (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of Bhutan with New Records PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online OPEN ACCESS every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Review Contributions to the knowledge of moths of Bombycoidea Latreille, 1802 (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of Bhutan with new records Jatshwor Singh Irungbam & Meenakshi Jatshwor Irungbam 26 June 2019 | Vol. 11 | No. 8 | Pages: 14022–14050 DOI: 10.11609/jot.4358.11.8.14022-14050 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies, and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners. The journal, the publisher, the host, and the part- Publisher & Host ners are not responsible for the accuracy of the politcal boundaries shown in the maps by the authors. Partner Member Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 June 2019 | 11(8): 14022–14050 Review Contributions to the knowledge of moths of Bombycoidea Latreille, 1802 (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) of Bhutan with new records ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Jatshwor Singh Irungbam 1 & Meenakshi Jatshwor Irungbam 2 PLATINUM OPEN ACCESS 1,2 Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. 1,2 Insttute of Entomology, Czech Academy of Science, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic. 1 [email protected] (corresponding author), 2 [email protected] Abstract: An annotated checklist of the superfamily Bombycoidea (Lepidoptera) of Bhutan is given, including three taxa of the family Bombycidae, two of Brahmaeidae, four of Endromidae, 12 of Eupterotdae, 37 of Saturniidae, and 93 of Sphingidae. Among these, 14 taxa are new records for the country: two Bombycidae (Penicillifera apicalis (Walker, 1862) and Trilocha varians (Moore, 1855)), two Endromidae (Mustlizans hepatca (Moore, 1879) and Comparmustlia sphingiformis (Moore, 1879)), three Saturniidae (Saturnia cidosa Moore, 1865, Loepa sikkima (Moore, [1866]), and Salassa thespis (Leech, 1890)), and seven Sphingidae (Rhodoprasina foralis (Butler, 1876), Amplypterus mansoni mansoni (Clark, 1924), Acosmerycoides hartert (Rothschild, 1895), Hippoton celerio (Linnaeus, 1758), Theretra tbetana Vaglia & Haxaire, 2010, T. silhetensis silhetensis (Walker, 1856), and Cechenena helops helops (Walker, 1856)). Keywords: Bombycidae, Brahmaeidae, Endromidae, Eupterotdae, new country record, Saturniidae, Sphingidae. DOI: htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.4358.11.8.14022-14050 | ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F445EE89-0E52-406F-BF60-2C6DDC18F2EE Editor: Ian J. Kitchling, Natural History Museum, London, UK. Date of publicaton: 26 June 2019 (online & print) Manuscript details: #4358 | Received 22 June 2018 | Final received 17 May 2019 | Finally accepted 22 May 2019 Citaton: Irungbam, J.S. & M.S. Irungbam (2019). Contributons to the knowledge of moths of Bombycoidea Latreille, 1802 (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of Bhutan with new records. Journal of Threatened Taxa 11(8): 14022–14050; htps://doi.org/10.11609/jot.4358.11.8.14022-14050 Copyright: © Irungbam & Irungbam. 2019. Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of this artcle in any medium by adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Funding: Bhutan Trust Fund for Environment Conservaton (BTFEC), Bhutan; Natonal Biodiversity Centre (NBC), Bhutan; Czech Science Foundaton (GACR: 14- 36098G), Czech Republic; Grant Agency, University of South Bohemia (GA JU 038/2019/P), Czech Republic. Competng interests: The authors declare no competng interests. Author details: Jatishwor Singh Irungbam is a PhD scholar at Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic and works on the Lepidoptera asemblege of Manipur, northeastern India. He is also working as Research & Development Worker (part tme) at Department of Biodiversity and Conservaton Biology, Insttute of Entomology, Biology Center CAS in Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. His major interest is on the taxonomy, ecology and conservaton of Lepidoptera. He works in Bhutan and northeastern India. Meenakshi Jatishwor Irungbam is a PhD scholar at Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Czech Republic and works on the phylogenetcs and phylogeography of Afro-Oriental buterfies. She is also working as Research & Development Worker (part- tme) at Department of Biodiversity and Conservaton Biology, Insttute of Entomology, Biology Center CAS in Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. Her major interest is on ecology and conservaton of Lepidoptera. Author contributon: JSI conceived and designed the study; JSI & MJI collected the materials, processed, identfed the materials, compiled the checklist; and JSI prepared the manuscript. Acknowledgements: The authors are grateful to Mr Peter Smetacek, Buterfy Research Centre, India, Dr Ian J. Kitching, Natural History Museum, London, UK, and Dr Jean Haxaire, Muséum Natonal d’Histoire Naturelle, France, who helped us to correctly identfy the material to species-level and provided their valuable suggestons. We also thank the Bhutan Trust Fund for Environmental Conservaton (BTFEC), Bhutan, for providing fnancial assistance for the feld visits and equipment; the Natonal Biodiversity Centre (NBC), Bhutan, for coordinatng the entre project; the Czech Science Foundaton (GACR: 14-36098G) and Grant Agency, University of South Bohemia (GA JU 038/2019/P), for partal support during the preparaton of the manuscript. Lastly, we thank all the volunteers (Ganga Ram Chetri, Sonam Dorji, Kado Rinchen, Lam Norbu, Lhab Dorji, Karma Gyamtsho, Kezang Wangmo, Nim Tshering, Brodie Talbot, Gyeltshen, and Tandin Jamtsho) who contributed their sightng records from various locatons of Bhutan. 14022 Bombycoid moths of Bhutan Irungbam & Irungbam INTRODUCTION and elevatons, are provided in previous publicatons (Irungbam et al. 2016, 2017). The superfamily Bombycoidea comprises 10 families of the most charismatc and well-studied moths, Sampling period and tme grouped currently into 520 genera and 6,092 named Over a period of three years (2013–2015), each study species (Kitching et al. 2018). The Bombycoidea of the site was visited once a month. Nocturnal moths were Indian subcontnent are relatvely poorly studied and recorded with light traps (run between 18.00–05.00 those of Bhutan, where the superfamily is represented h) and diurnal species were observed during the day by members of the families Eupterotdae, Brahmaeidae, whenever the weather permited. Bombycidae, Endromidae, Saturniidae, and Sphingidae, have never been intensively researched. Thus, data on Sampling techniques the bombycoid fauna of the country are very limited Nocturnal feld collecton was carried out using either in terms of taxonomy, ecology, and distributon. A fuorescent bulbs hung in front of a vertcal white cloth few works published include informaton on the sheet or mercury vapour (MV) light traps (Irungbam et al. Bombycoidea fauna of Bhutan: Dudgeon (1898a,b), 2016). Moths were also collected from the whitewashed Hampson (1892, 1910), Bell & Scot (1937), Dierl (1975), walls of residental homes and schools where fuorescent Brechlin (1997, 2009a,b,c,d, 2010a,b, 2014a,b,c, 2015), bulbs were kept lit throughout the night. Digital images Schnitzler & Stünning (2009), Irungbam & Kitching (2014), of all moths were taken using Canon 1100D (Canon Inc., Geilis & Wangdi (2017), Jamtsho & Irungbam (2019), Tokyo, Japan) and Nikon Coolpix P510 (Nikon Inc., Tokyo, and Irungbam & Norbu (2019), and these have mostly Japan) cameras. Voucher specimens were also collected focused on Saturniidae and Sphingidae. In the present for further investgaton and were deposited in the paper, we present the results of the survey conducted in Invertebrate Referral Collecton Centre (IRCC), Natonal central and southern Bhutan, together with a collaton Biodiversity Centre (NBC), Thimphu, Bhutan. of all earlier known records of Bhutanese Bombycoidea. Review and Identfcaton of species Historical records were reviewed and recently MATERIALS AND METHODS collected specimens were identfed by comparison with available literature (Dudgeon 1898a,b; Hampson Study area 1892; Mell 1922; Bell & Scot 1937; Michener 1949; Dierl Bhutan is in the eastern part of the Himalaya and is 1975; d’Abrera 1986 [1987]; Holloway 1987; Pinratana & bordered to the south, east, and west by India and to Lampe 1990; Haruta 1992a,b, 1994, 1995; Pitaway 1993; the north by Tibet (autonomous region of China). The Kishida 1993, 1994a,b, 1998; Kitching & Spitzer 1995; Chu country is 38,500km2 in area, of which 72% is
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