History of Chippenham

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HISTORY OF CHIPPENHAM

B Y T HE

R D N EV . . A IE LL J J .

RECT OR OF LANG LEY B U RR ELL , W ILT S

A U T HO R O F

” “ T he isto o Wa mins te Li e o Geo e He be t H ry f r r, f f rg r r , “ ” His tor o Cornwall y f ,

O D R M RES EARC HES B Y T HE A U T H O R A D C MPILE F O . N

F R O M T H E C O LLE C T I O N S O F

V CANO N ACK T HE LAT E RE . SO N P S A j , . . .

RECT OR OF LE IGH D E LAME RE , W ILT S

CHIPPENHAM AND B AT H

ST ON P INT B K S LL R . F . B OU L , R ER, OO E ER, AND ST AT IONER

ST S S PAT ER T E LOND ON : B OUL ON ON , NOS R SQUARE

PR E F A C E .

OME years ago Canon J ack so n put into my hands “ ” Port folio of C P a hippenham apers, with the permission to make o f them what use I pleased

I m d 00 . Af a e pious extracts ter his death . these Papers

s . were again entru ted to my care On a third occasion , at o f A my request, the Society ntiquaries allowed me to examine them . I thus became well acquainted with their

c e . no r ont nts They were not arranged in order, with

to f m any immediate view publication , but ro the character and number both o f manuscript notes and t C m prin ed papers, it was evident the anon conte plated dealing at large with the subject . He had had the

on m o f privilege, so e earlier day, examining the docu B C ments in the orough hest, and he made such dili

00 gent research among them , and pied and summar ised so much serviceable material that he had forestalled ’

F . ldn to a great degree Mr . H Go ey s valuable Re ’ c of C . . Goldne s s ords hippenham Mr y transcript ,

r to fu however, yet emain be lly digested, so as to furnish a chapter no t yet written in a history o f

Chippenham . P RE F A CE .

I f oresaw the probability that , as the Jackson

e f the C e e Papers had l t ounty, their very xist nce would soon be forgotten ; I there fore proposed t o ’ f o f C Memorabilia mysel to cull out the anon s , manu

e f f o f script and print d , those acts which had re erence im C f mediate interest to hippenham , and to rame a narrative which I might supplement by my own reading a nd observation . The result is this present HI STO RY o f CH IP PE NH AM and I cannot but believe that the people o f Chip

penham will be gratiﬁed with what we have written .

LL J OHN J . DANIE .

RE TORY C ,

LANGLEY BURRELL . O NT E NT S C .

SIT E OF CHIPPENHAM MANOR OF CHIPPENHAM SHELDON

B OWDON

MONKT ON

COCKLEB URY AND FOGHAMSHIRE

ALLIN GT ON CHIPPENHAM FOREST S GEOLOGY OF CHIPPE NHAM RIVER AVON W LL AND PRIN , E S, S GS

LOCKSWELL SPRING T HE GARDE N OF WILT S STANLEY ABBEY CHIPPENHAM PARISH T HE BOROUG H

T HE CH ART ERS

T HE TOWN HALL

MEMB ERS o r PA RLIAMENT

THE BAILIFF S

T H E TOWN

TRAD E

THE BRIDGE CO NT E NT S .

T HE PLAGUE T HE SCHOOL

T HE FIRE OF LONDON

RIors

T HE MANO R OF OGBOURNE ST . GEO RGE NO MI NA VILLARUM S HERI FF'S O F WILTSHIRE MAUD HEAT H ’ S CAUSEWAY C HIPPEN H AM DURING T HE CIVIL WAR

PARI SH CHURCH OF ST . AND REW CHANT RIEs I N CHIPPENHAM CHURCH T HE VICAR OF CHI PPENHAM T HE CHURCH LAND s

T HE B EGIe Rs

T H E COMMUNION PLAT E

T HE BELLS

’ CHURCHWARDENS RECORDS

CHANT RI ES

MONUMENT AL INsCRIPrIONs WEST TY T HERTO N

Exr' EAcrs F ROM A MEMORANDUM Boox or

T HOMAS GA RDINER ST PA L’ S H H . U C URC CELTIC AND SAX ON WORD S D ISTI NGUISH ED NATIVE S OF CHIR FEN HAM P R ON OF NOT WHO HAVE LIVED X IX . E S S E I N THE NEIGHBOURHOO D OF CHIPPENHAM ADDENDA HIS T O RY O F P C H P ENHAM.

I . T H H M SI E OF C IPPE JV J .

b e ET it supposed that in the early Saxon days, 0 W . f e A D . 7 0 o say about , the King the st Saxons is on a hunting e xpedition in one o f his

ﬁne forests in the north part o f his dominions . He is

o f e accompanied by a noble cavalcade Princes , Than s C f m and hie s ounted on gallant steeds, attended by hunts

e f men , archers, and spearmen , and th se ollowed by

o f o r ﬂ eet ness e hounds mighty bone , according as th y would be needed fo r the chase o f wolf o r deer . Say t hat they have been hunting all the ﬁne autum f nal day, and at eventide prepare to orm a resting place fo r the night o n the banks o f a be autiful stream in the

At f e e a f f e . depths o the or st sunrise, be or th ir eyes p

f - n pears a ﬁne grassy knoll , rising rom the river ba ks

s o high above the surrounding plateau, elevated, so

e m pl asant, and so sunny, that the royal party exclai 2 H I STO RY OF C H IP P E N HA M .

So —so VI L L RE G said done, Soon rises the A IA , as

n th e o f the Latin chronicler ames It, hunting seat the

at o f King, though ﬁrst a collection wooden houses ,

- et e mere log huts , y increasing year by year in siz ,

o f character, and importance , with a growing population

f fe need ul attendants , till the neighbouring oaks are lled,

Wilm a Cozcets and the land is cleared , and , and , and ’ S e s F rf till the Lord s arm , and cattle, and corn , and

o f activi articles various merchandise, and all the rude ties o f primitive life gather round the Royal Dwelling ; C f and they build a hurch , that God be not orgotten in

and e the wilderness, th y cleave ways through the

the woods , and coracles pass up and down the river, and h t e busy traders barter their commodities, and they call — CR P - HAM the Marketin - lace in the settlement A , g p the

Forest . II . M ANOR OF CHIPPE NBDZM .

HERE is no trace that the Romans ever Occupied

any station in this immediate neighbourhood . T wo great Roman roads passe d near th e site o f C F f B hippenham , the oss Way, on the north , rom ath by

W o n h Sherston and North raxall , and another the sout

L to by acock, through Spy Park , past Wans House , Marlborough ; but though there are proofs o f Roman

e B m B ox habitation at Studl y, ro ham , Lacock, and , and l in e sewhere , no Roman remains have been discovered

Chippe nham . i The name C/zpp enlzam is purely Saxon . The root is

Cea m o f m the Saxon word p , eaning any kind erchandise ;

Cea in e e thence we have p g , a place wh re goods are sold , a

- T he Clam in w market place , as p g , a large green in the to n o f W o tt onundered e Chea B Chi in g ; p Street in ath , pp g d Chi in So bury , pp g Norton , and many others, retaining

i w ffe their Saxon name to this day . ycli , in the ﬁrst

o f B e . translation the ible into English , rend rs St Mat 1 6 thew xi . , It is like unto children sitting in the ”

e n e i. . H m Ch e . a fo r p y g , the market is also Saxon

Place o r Village. 4 H I STO RY OF CH I P P E N HAM .

Early in Saxon days Chippenham is digniﬁed by b e

i e m coming a Royal Manor . It is uncerta n wh ther it ca e into the hands o f the Saxon monarch as he was the re

e o f F O LC- L N D o r e presentativ the A , wheth r he held it as

ef private property by purchase . It is certain that b ore

m f C re ; D . 800 C o o A , hippenha , with the large Manors m C ham , Melksha , alne, Warminster, and other valuable

f o f T B RRE R I S C n seigniories, ormed part the EG , the row

f r Lands . The King was by a the largest landholder

f m d fo r in Wilts , and, like other ree en , epended his

n f - income o the success ul cultivation o f his farms . These

o r h f Manors, Parishes, as t ey were a terwards called, n f i cluded houses, cottages , arms , barns , granaries, and

fo r o f o n stalls cattle , and the lord j urneyed rom e Manor

o r to another as his pleasure necessities dictated . Some o f the Royal Manors enjoyed peculiar immunities and C : privileges, as hippenham but in return , the tenants o f to i this Manor were bound provide the K ng, and all

u fo r o ne his s ite, with board and lodgings night, when ever his Majesty was pleased to vis it his country estate .

C in hippenham , by name , ﬁrst appears in history

853 V L L RE O IA f A . D . I o it was then a A , a country seat

i o f o ne o f the K ngs Wessex, and it must have been the

f for is chie Royal residences, it recorded

T bl i e e i th e K w w as b bl his o ig at on to nt rta n ing , hich pro a y o f all R l was e m e ll wed b Sir e xacte d oya Manors , d and d and a o y m e T e r o f t h e o f a mi e wh o e e ed Ja s hynn , Lo d Manor W r nst r, r c iv K le II L le 1 663 b e m wh o ing Char s at ong at in , and y Lord W y outh,

e K G e e III t he ee P n e e on S e . 1 3 ente rtain d ing org , Qu n and ri c ss s, p ,

1 7 8 6 . Ethelwulf o f E l w l le , King ng and, ith roya sp ndour .

ele e t he m e o f his e Eth els with a c brat d arriag daug ht r ,

w B uthre d o f Me t h e V ll Re t h e ith , King rcia , in i a g ia , ’ C H e h lle Ch e m i w . K ng s ountry ous , ich is ca d ipp nha This Royal seat was not e ven no w much m ore than a

o f e e e t C collection wood n hous s, y it had a hurch , pro

o f fo r e C bably stone, ( thos early hristians gave their

e best to God , and we ﬁnd in Wilton Minst r, as early as

fu f e o f m A . D . 9 68 , a ll ayr chapell ly e and and f m o e . large manorial buildings, though hu bl construction B ut it would be the most populous and important settle

fo r m e t he ment many miles around, as it gave na to

Hundred in which it lies . T h e parish es and place s in

h e Hu of C m w t ndred hippenham ( uch then as now), ere Al de rton Kell aways Lucking ton B )x King swood Pe wsham B re mhill King ton We st S he rston Magna Castle Combe Lacock She rston Parva Chipp enham Lang ley B urrell Slaug hte rford Corsham Le ig hdel am ere S o p worth Ditte ridg e Little to n Drew W raxh all North E G e Y Ke ell aston r y atton yn , f s i l ll with parts o Chri t an Ma ford and Hu aving ton .

’ By unbroken tradition the actual site o f the King s residence in the Manor was that high ground no w o ccu

A e C e pied by the houses above the ng l Hotel , hipp nham . The area in front o f them has borne always th e nam e o f

F o f the PA L ACE SQU A R E . oundations very old build

e e ings have been discovered, and a d cay d spiral stair

o ut o f o f o ak case , cut in steps a solid trunk a huge

e e m (forming originally the asc nt to a turret, )was r oved

1 82 0 e f from that site about , and l t to perish by exposure

th e e t o weather in a timber yard . In gard n behind the

m of o f Square is a ound earth considerable height, which O F 6 H I ST RY O C H I PP E N H AM .

- f fo r no doubt at one time bore a watch tower , rom which

i b e m o f ten m les around , might Observed the ovements B an invading host . efore the plateau was covered with

w w th e e o n houses, hen the land lay open do n to riv r three

e m ee e f sid s , the scene ust have b n extremely b auti ul . Go — stand on the watch - t ower dismiss all the buildings o f

f m n C e the town rom sight, and i agi e a l ar, open grassy

f w t o - e upland sloping grace ully do n the river sid , but environed on every side by the grand timbe r trees o f the

me m e f pri val and inter inabl orest , and you will not won der why the Sax on King chose that lovely e levation as

the site o f his royal town .

866 th e o f e e A f e A . D . w In , in reign Eth lb rt , hen l r d ,

f e e e o f a t rwards King, was seventeen y ars Old , a hord

f t he o f e wild invaders , rom north Europ , under the

e e o f D e e o n t he e g n ral name an s, land d ast coast, and

- e f pressing west ward by R ading , ought a battle at

Engleﬁeld .

Af e a o ne o f the ler e f t r that, s ys chronic s, th y ought at Chippenham ; and there w as Hubba slain ; and a g reat

f l id u h as e e o e e co w e e e w e . h p ston s ay d pp p, h r buri d

A e Lanhill e h larg barrow in m ad , about t ree miles

f m C e o f 60 ro hippenham , a long pil stones, paces in

’ was A B length , thought by John ubrey to be ubba s

m e burial place , but it is uch earli r than the ninth century .

e A f e fe D re Princ l r d at ﬁrst de ated the anes, and

t arded we b ut e their stward advance, , overwhelm d by

m e f nu b rs, the Saxon troops ell back into Somerset, and

C i n m no w e though h ppe ha was a consid rable town , and

l o n the peninsu a which it was built, could , by raising a CH I PP E N H AM M A N O R . 7

o n o f th e e rampart the south side plateau , be rend red a

f e f e A f e e . airly d ensibl post, l r d was oblig d to abandon it

A - C e e e The nglo Saxon hronicle r cit s , This y ar,

87 8 D m e C , during midwinter , the anish ar y stol to hip ” A E t ibi enham e . p , and sat down th re sser adds

— Metrical Romance hiemavit and there wintered . The of the History of the A ngles enters into fuller details

T e m t h e el e h n at Christ as f on Dan s, w e e t h e e e Who had s orn to k p p ac , B e l e e rok it ik knav s ,

A nd marche d into We ss ex. At Ci e nh am e l e fo r me pp th y ha t d a ti , l m And took p easure in doing ischie f . T e e e e h y d stroy d hous s and crops , i li Churche s and the r re g ious . T e e t h e e le m e h y drov p op fro th ir country, ” d m in An put any prison .

B ut A f e f next year, l r d having rallied his orces in

F e D Selwood or st, overthrew the anes , under Guthrum ,

in h t o f Ethandune t e grea battle , and concluded a treaty C b at hippenham, y which they agreed to receive the

T h e D e C e C F . hristian aith anes withdr w to ir ncester, and the VI L L A REG I A o f Chippenham once more re

ceived its lawful lord . 9 01 A f e . l red di d in , and was buried at Winchester He left by his will his Chippenham Manor to his young

Alfrith a B w C o f est daughter , (married to ald in , ount ‘ F fo r f . o f w landers . ) her li e In the reign Ed ard the C f 1 042 ’ on essor , about , it was again in the King s o wn

. w o f hands Then ere the golden days Chippenham .

In 9 40 Edm Kin of th e l - S h is , und, g Ang o axons, g rants to e Wilfric l and e e m e L le t h e e e s rvant , ands t n nts at ang y , and d d is o nn ﬁ r m a rl h t h e: Wi n o a t —r p l p lw ‘i l a r n —t h n w a l l lr n n w n f a w n — n ? 8 H I O R O F H I PP N H M ST Y C E A .

U th e m e o f nder ild rul the saintly monarch , the Manor

‘ m t ax es o r e e . C paid no ass ss nts Oh, happy hippenham Its inhabitants kne w nothing o f Income and Property

e T ax . Taxes, Poor Rates, Highway Rat s, Land or House

e 1 89 3 o f Im Now, in the y ar , under the iron rule an

m e C C B perial Parlia nt, a ounty ouncil , and a Local oard, the taxes levie d o n the parishioners o f Chippenham

e m f 3 1 amount to an annual ass ss ent o £6 2 . — — B ut the Saxon rule is over Harold lies dead on the — ﬁeld o f Hastings William th e Norman is King o f Eng

e land . The conquered land is parc lled out amongst the

e Norman warriors . Saxon Than s become laboure rs o n

T h e e e the ir o wn soil . stat s which forme rly pertained to C the Saxon Monarchs, and hippenham with them , pass

e e f by st rn cons quence, with all their ranklins , burgh

f e f ers, villans, and ser s into the t nure o the Norman

Sovereigns .

In m e 1 085 idwint r, , William projected the Grand

o f D e Inquest all England, the om sday Survey . The m great volu e still exists as fresh and perfe ct as when the e m scrib ﬁrst put pen to parch ent . Chippenham Manor “ ” e e n T R R /E I is thus record d und r the divisio E REG S .

T h e h l C King o ds hippenham . King Edward

h el . el e h d it It paid no g d, n it er w as it asse sse d in

h e . T h e l 1 00 id s and is carucat e s . In des me s ne are

1 6 e an d 2 8 e f . T e e are 48 ll carucat s , s r s h r vi ans , and 45 2 0 2 - B e bordars , and cottars , and 3 swin e herds . etw e n

em all e e 66 a T e m ll th th y hav c rucat e s . h re are 1 2 i s

o f the l e o f £ 6 1 00 a e o f m va u , and cr s eadow . T he

w 4 m le le ood is i s in ng th and breadth . T h e pasture is 9 C HI P P E N H AM MA N OR .

2 m le l 1 m le . T m a wi i s ong , and i broad his nor , th its

’ a e a e r i e o ne s e e t m e fo r t he pp nd g s, p ov d s nig ht nt r ain nt

w h all m w all e e and King it its custo s (or ith his r tinu ), is

B O e l th e C worth £1 1 0by tale . ishop sborn ho ds hurch

o f m w 2 e f m the me o f this anor, ith hid s , ro ti King

n f T - h e Edward . O e o thes e hide s is han e land ; t other

l ll . belong s to th e Church . T h e wh o e is worth 55 Shi ing s T o this manor belong s a c ertain land which King Edward

h ad e Ulvie t ma w w as g iv n to his hunts n , and hich part

o f de s m e sne . T no w the e a e of th e his his is in st t King ,

an e k e fo r o ne e . T he la 2 a e d it is r c on d hid nd is caruc t s,

e e are 3 e f 4 lla 4 co scet s wi and th r s r s and vi ns , and th

T h e 4 f l l and n o ne carucate . pasture is ur ong s ong o e In th w £ 8 . e e a e of furlong broad . It is orth st t this

- - m lf v ir ate o f l w was T e la . anor is ha a g and, hich han nd ” th e m e of E Edric held it in ti King dward . The Hide is e ver o f uncertain are a ; it varied from

1 50 o f the 40 to acres , according to the quality land ; it

o f o ne e us f e was the estate larg ho ehold , su ﬁci nt to main

one f . tain amily The Hide included all the land , the

Carucate only arable . ’ desmesne n F The was the Ki g s arm , called the

’ - L the th e In and , cultivated by King s labourers ; Out m V B Land was let out in s all copyholds to illans, ordars,

C and e e n e v e o f t ottars oth r t ants , by s r ic crops, ca tle, and work .

f e B Ser s were nativ ritons, held in bondage by the Saxon conquerors ; the serf was the absolute property o f

m e e and e his ast r, a chatt l to be bought sold at pl asure ; he had no standing, no protection in law, but by a 1 0 H ISTORY O F CH IPPE NHA M .

o f C statute anute , he might not be sold to a heathen trader

f . e o f e t he int r e n without ault In the cours y ars , by e v

o f e f m l e tion the clergy, the s r obtained any al viations o f his hard lot ; he was allowed to cease from labour

f on r rom sunset Satu day to sunset on Sunday, and on

F e o f if m co m High stivals ; by the laws Ina , a aster

elle d f o n th e ff e e p a ser to work Sunday, o end r was ﬁn d

r 3 0 e £ 1 00 o f e . A f shillings, qual to p esent mon y l red

o f f it very much modiﬁed the severity ser labour, and ’ e o e e f A f e d is a qu sti n wh th r the ser in l r d s ays, and on

his m o f C was anor hippenham , not in a better position

e f as r gards his domestic com orts, than the labourer in

the parish o f Chippenham now . Every serf received

day m two good loaves a , besides meals at orn and noon :

he by extra work , could lay up money enough to pur ’ o wn f mi f e em if chase his and his a ly s reedom ; it s s, he

o f o f became possessed ﬁve hides land , he might rise to

o f o r o f . the rank a thane , even earl

V was F m e m an The illan a Tenant ar er, a r sponsible , ’ who quitted th e lord s dues more by service than rent ;

w fo r so w he must ride , carry, and ork his lord , and

d fe reap , hew the eer nce, watch at war, pay tithe and

Church rate .

B m e The ordars held land by so e particular s rvice, but it is not clear what ofﬁce they performe d ; thev paid

no rent in money . C C The ottar must pay his hurch dues, and two and

fed ; t wo o ne two one staghound he had a right to oxen ,

cow fo r d f r , six sheep stocking his lan , and seed o se ven

1 2 H I OR OF H I P P N H M ST Y C E A .

souls ; hence it is calculated the population o f England in the middle o f the eleventh century was a n l little over o e mi lion persons .

o f C s r The population hippenham pari h , du ing the

of n nine decades the prese t century , has ranged as under 1 . . 851 4 A D 1 801 3336 A . D . 9 9 9 1 81 1 341 0 1 861 539 6 1 82 1 3506 1 87 1 52 02 1 83 1 4333 1 881 5 1 9 1 1 841 5438 1 89 1 ‘ 539 2

no w f C e There is kno n re erence to hipp nham , town

n e o r ma or, through all the Norman or Plantag net C i n reigns . oncern ng its public history there is an u broken silence o f three hundred years . It is not men tio ned n o f e in co nection with the wars Steph n and Maud ,

no was probably because strong castle erected here, and

f e F it was ne ver ortiﬁed and enclos d by walls . rom 1 1 00 t o 1 300 i f , Malmesbury, Dev zes, Trowbridge , all de ended f f by ortresses , requently appear in the chronicles, which

h o f e as say not ing weak and unwall d towns, such

e e . Chipp nham , M lksham, and Warminster

C e s Nevertheless, hippenham , through all thos year , had a local history o f much inte rest . Fo r ce nturies it had remained an inte gral portion o f the p e rso nal desmesne o f the Saxon Kings . Early in

T h e population for 1 89 1 b elongs t o t h e parish as alte red under i v e P s e Act e c e a t of e h m i th e D id d ari h s ; d ta h d p r s Chipp n a , conta ning in b w e e a s e e to e i e w le o ul a 3 03 ha itants, r tr n f rr d oth r par sh s, hi a p p tion of 1 39 was added to Chippenham . 1 3 S H E L D ON .

t h e C Norman times it ceased its connection with rown ,

o f and was broken up into the small manors Sheldon ,

Ro wdon and Lo wdo n.

o f of Sheldon Manor, with the lordship the Hundred

C o ne o f s hippenham , was granted by the Norman King

B eauvilain. to William de This Knight, or his heir, se ems to have been in Normandy when that province

o f F the was invaded by the King rance ; and when , by

o f i f pusillanimity or apathy K ng John , it was torn rom th e C o f o f rown England, the Manor and Hundred ’ f in escheat Chippenham ell , , by the King s prerogative ,

’ J ds fe his into ohn s han , who con rred them on son,

f a III . 1 2 1 1 Prince Henry, a terw rds Henry In , Henry,

t a e W by letters patent , conveyed the es t to Sir alter de f u . o t a de G Godarville This amily ran in Jo n odar ville,

G f e G ascel n who was married to Sir od r y y , and thus he

e of o f C b came owner Sheldon and lord hippenham . The

G ascel ns 1 7 4 y held the property years , residing in their mansion at Sheldon ; d uri ng thi s time they obtained from the Crown the grant o f two Fairs fo r the town o f

Chippenham ; and probably from this connect- io n with

f o — the amily , the b rough bears their arms Ou a golden

ﬁ . eld, ten blue billets, with a red label In the reign of VI Henry , the two properties were sold to Walter,

u f for £ 1 000 to Lord H nger ord, , equal present money, I4. O F H I STORY C H IP P E N H A M .

Sheldon remain ed in th e Hunge rford family about

1 5 0 e f f a y ars , again and again or eited , but again and ag in

684 Sir e . 1 f recov red In , Edward Hunger ord having

th e o f n e m e reached crisis extravaga c , was co p lled to

e break up his noble inheritanc , and Sheldon was sold

M. P. fo r C e to Sir Richard Kent , hippenham , whos estates fe C e S e e ll into hanc ry , and h ldon pass d into the possession o f e o f u Sir Richard Hart, th n to Norris, Nons ch House,

e G G B . and now b longs to Sir abriel oldney, art

’ L f a 1 540 On ord Hunger ord s ttainder in , the liberty

o f C n m and e or lordship hippe ha , was then ( has ever sinc

e e m f S remain d)sev red fro the manor o heldon . Edward

VI fee D o f w sold the simple to Lord arcy, hom it was Si f r o . I purchased by William Sherrington , Lacock n

1 65 e D o f D u 0 e a nt ese . it b long d to the anvers , y It f f o f D h was or eited on the attainder Sir John anvers, t e

e e me C r gicid ; and Ja s II granted it to harles Mordaunt ,

o f o ne o f Earl Peterborough , whose descendants sold it ld h ee . o f . to Josep N , Esq Grittleton

R O WD OI V.

While this part o f the Manor o f Chippe nham

e e C e r main d in the rown , Richard I charg d it with a 0 “ ” . H e th r e f £7 1 8 0d . ier p nsion o to od n e Nu se. 1 2 50 A Henry III in , granted it to Lady gnes de

o Husee Roudon ; her son s ld it to Nicholas , whose m fa ily held it till 1 39 2 . The ir coat bore Three boots

o f o sable, which is the second the shields f the borough ROW D ON . 1 5

f e o C m . m e o n w hippenha The pal tre , hich the shi lds “ ” e e m UN I A ND LO L w d p nd, and the otto TY YA TY , ere ’ Ou grante d by the Heralds Ofﬁce . t o f th e rent o f 1 ’ d. he N e e £7 08 . 0 t e t h e , urs s p nsion , which rev rted to

C w w e £5 t he e ro n , Ed ard I grant d a year to monast ry o f C e : w we Ivy hurch , n ar Salisbury the lands , hich re

e d w e charged with this paym nt, then partly a o n call d “ Iv Common the Iv Ho use and the islands in the y , with y ”

Iv m o f Ir . 1 434 y, bear the na e y to this day In Row

u n e f t e n e don was bo ght by Lord Hu g r ord , who , y ars S fo e h . be re , had purchas d eldon

o f f m o f Through various generations that amily, so e whom built Ro wdo n Ho use on th e banks o f the Avon

P. f hi w f M. o r C e n it passed to Sir Ed ard Hunger ord , pp h am f him e f d the e , and rom to Edward Hung r or , Sp nd

ft m m o f thri , who , as it is said , at a ga bling atch bowls , ” B W H R O O E s O D O N . staked his last chance , saying , E E

m Sir 1 69 8 It was ortgaged to Richard Kent , and , in , f A was bought b y an ance stor o f the Longs o Rood shton .

LOW D O N o f m was e , a part this anor, grant d by the Crown to the family o f Pe vely ; th ey sold it to t h e

G ascel ns wh o he wh o y , also ld Sheldon , and sold both to h t e Hungerfords . In course o f ye ars this prope rty

m B ut h e beca e separated into small freeholds . t tithing still bears th e name Manor .

A B a lar e John ubrey describes owdon House , as g well - built Gothi ue house s uare and a Court within about q , q , ; the h e l rnished with r ous a mote ; a fair hall very wel fu a mour . i Here were a number of scutcheons in the w ndows . 1 6 H I O R H I P P N H M ST Y o r C E A .

M ONK T OI V.

t w o f Chi en This royalty, extending into the o n pp

e b y e m o f ham , was giv n the Empr ss Maud , ( other

Henry II) to the Priory o f Monkton Farley . It thus m ’ o f i. e. gained the na e Monkton , Monk s Town , but it doe s not appear that there ever was a Religious House

n e o the land . Henry VI II grant d it to Sir Edward

l e m o n Seymour ; the heiress , E izab th Sey our, carried it

f m o f B ra ces o fA l her marriage into the a ily the , Earls y es

f m e f m o f Esmeade bury, ro whom it pass d to the a ilies

u and Edridge . This estate had a right o f depast ring in F the orest, and held many wastes there, which in suc in ceed g years were let out o n long leases .

O KLE B UR Y A D F O H HI C C N G AMS RE .

’ In Aubrey s time the inhabitants o f Co ckleb oro ugh said that anciently it was a borough he means a tithing .

It hath its de nomination from th e petriﬁed cockle s w are e le f the e e hich in g r at p nty ound in ston s h ro . ” L R as B RE l w U . Ancient y ondon oad here . A Y

The O ld road from B ath to London did not run

C e m B through the town , as hipp nha ridge was only wide enough to allow the pack horses a way : but London Road turned down through the narrow winding lane in

F o hamshire Co ckleb ur g , up Monkton Hill, through y

C o over Langley omm n , (where it is still traceable, and A LLINO T O N . 1 7

be ars the name o f London W ay thence through a

f o f A e ord the von , to the pres nt London Road , near ’ Harding s Copse .

Fo hamshire in o f 1 539 th e g , called the musters , ” o f V u o r Vo han in r tithing oka g , was not the bo ough o f Chippenham ; it seems t o have formed part o f the

Manor o f Ro wdo n.

ALLING T CIV.

Allington was given by Stephen to the Prioress and

Of U o f Nuns Martigny, on the pper Rhone ; in the reign f f Edward I . they trans erred the estate to the Priory o

F B s Monkton arley, near ath ; at the Dis olution , Henry f VIII . conveyed it to Sir Edward Seymour, a terwards f t . A O the Protector Somerse lgernon , Duke Somerset,

o f dying without heirs male , was succeeded in some his e C m f states by Sir harles Wyndha , and rom the Wynd

o f A . hams, Earls Egremont , llington was bought by Mr

h 1 844. Josep Neeld , in In 1 62 3 Sir Gilbert Prynne lived at Allington House ; he and his lady are buried in Chippenham Church the

us m - house is now ed as a barn , but antle pieces and mul lioned m a e o f windows still y be s en , with the arms

Prynne quartering D avys built into a wall . f i k n e m W . Fo wls w c is a farm o the extr e N . corner o

C h in o f A A hippenham paris , the tithing llington ubrey writes o f it :

He e an en w e w f e m e r is anci t ho s ith a air ot about , and w s e windo wes e t f ith cros barr d , th n according to h e as hion 1 8 H I O R H IP P H M ST Y o r C E N A .

o f e m e w we e fe e w r e thos ti s, hich r so in st d ith obb rs and house

e k e th e re ta ners e e well fe d led an le lazi br a rs ; y h r , , and id e ” fe e e e e l . li , h nc thos vi s

1 303 of o f B o f In it was part the estate John urel ,

e Escudemo r Langley, who grant d to Elyas , lord o f

e o f F o f Hard nhuish , an acre land in the East ield Lang

f o f on o . ley, the service a pair gloves at Easter In

F o wlswick Of t later days belonged to the Jacobs, Nor on ,

s d i . o f whom Mr . N el bought t

2 0 F H I STORY O C H I P P E N H AM .

a dense forest o f elms . The Forests around Chippen

B B e B m ham were raden , owood , P wsham and lack oor, f m i u o f . e . ll deer, and in all ost every barrow, burial

s e d mounds rai d by the ancient inhabitants, on the owns by th e side o f the interments are found sp ear he ads ’ o f o f deer s horns, and bones deer worked into various articles o f use and ornament .

o f Large areas open ground, unincumbered with

m f f in s o f ti ber were ound in every orest , and cour e

o fo r o r u years these were encl sed tillage past re, and became the sites o f villages and towns . D omesday gives Chippenham Forest as four miles d m square , but its i ensions must have greatly shrunk ” by the time o f the Perambulation o f Forests in 1 300 , when it is described as

B e the d e of S a le the w ginning at bri g t n y, by hig h ay to the te o f S le th e m l e of t he w f ga tan y, throug h idd to n o

S todele t th e r e o f S m e e e th y un o b idg a born , th nc asc nding e w te th e e o f F nnam the w a w l a r to bridg y , by y hich eads to th e c e f e th e e o f H e th e m e w a ross b or hous orn , by sa y to

Ho rs ele erde t he wa w me f m D e iz e p , by y hich co th ro v s unto the o f L k e e the r d e o f C e m ash acoc , th nc to b i g hipp nha , as t he wate r o f Avon divideth ; the nce by t he water to Me rk e

h f d e f S l den e e t e es o t e . T , and th nc to a or aid bri g an y he

u n l th afore said metes and b o ds e nc ose e Fore st .

F F o f C Pewsham orest (within the orest hippenham), extended from the town to D erry Hill its west side lay

Lackham . f for toward It was enced round deer, and ” might be called the Home Park . FO RE STS . 2 1

The Forests remained part o f the Crown Lands long

e o f e o o f the afte r the ali nation oth r p rtions Manor . There is a document amongst th e re cords o fChippen

e w m F e ham , which d scribes Pe sha or st as beginning at ” “ ” Hinl “ F rmerie House ond. F erm e , and ending at ” “ ” ” erie m a m H y mean Inﬁr ary, that is ospital or ” f e m o f Spital , a arm exactly on the south rn li it the

F C e e m fo r t he S orest, probably a onval sc nt Ho e tan “ ” Hin the m s . lo nd ley monk is large eadow Inlands,

n e m near the tow , now call d by a strange and eaningless ” corruption , Englands . Another account runs thus

B e La k B e th e e B all g inning at coc ridg . For st oundary the w a C e m w as t h e e w e y to hipp nha riv r, hich continu d to deﬁne its e xte nt round t he north o f th e town by Mo nk to n

P k to the m ead w w e e th e e M e C l e w e ar o h r riv r ard n , or a n at r , M falls into th e Avon . T he ard e n w as the n th e boundary

le A e S le B w d A l pas t Stan y bb y by tud y to o oo . ine th e n

l S L e th e le B w e ran a ong andy an to road ading to o d n, and so ” back to Lacock Bridg e .

w as f It not all orest, as has been said, but it included

e o f e fo r larg tracts h ath land, valuable pasturing cattle , and many acres o f magniﬁce nt m e adows along the

- A water cours es . The bbot o f Stanle y had a right o f n o f e m F runni g all kinds b asts in Pewsha orest, and the

o f B radenstok e o f fe e 5 monks , and others, ding 0 cows ;

th e o n M e and all tenants the Royal anor had inh rited , f m ro the Saxon Kings , certain valuable privilege s o f f , , f o f f cutting wood tur and urze ; eeding cows, pigs, 2 2 H ISTO RY o r CH IPPENH AM .

&c. o f o f i colts, geese, digging stone , and even bu lding

t o n n hu s the waste , and e closing what land they pleased fo r gardens . C F t James I . granted hippenham orest o the Earl of

A e o f - f V D o f ngles a , brother the ill ated illiers , uke

B . was disaﬁo rest ed 1 630 n uckingham It in , and broke

- up for sale into small fee farms . The peasantry were

e o f e thus robb d their anci nt rights, and serious dis t urb ances f o f ollowed , during which a riotous assemblage men o f and women, not being able to capture the Earl Anglesea (whom they considered their prime ene my and

o n C e oppressor), most ungallantly laid hands his ount ss, and carried o ff the noble lady prisoner . Aubrey writes This Towne did stand in the Pew sham Forest . The Poore People have made this Rhyme ; When Chipnam stood ’ In Pewsham s wood B e e it was e ed for d stroy , A we mi e e for s e co g ht hav gon a groat a y ar, ” And no w it is denyed .

: T he metre is lamentable but the cr o the He adds , y f ” - Poor was more lamentable .

u ft Some compensation land , it was nderstood, a er

f o n o f fo r inclosure, was le t the sides the highways

fo r gardens and pasturage the cottagers , but in course

f o f o years these tracts land lying along the roadsides,

f e u o ten large and valuabl , were swallowed p by land

o f owners, under the plea that they were wastes the

C m fe Manor . This lai was wholly inde nsible, the act absolutely illegal . FORE STS . 2 3

T wo - e o f o f An e cc grand daught rs the Earl gles a,

t h e ie heiresses, having inherited Pewsham , elder marr d

C f who 1 7 9 1 l into the ary amily, , in , sold the arg er part

L kham f to . u of ac Mr Montag e, , rom whom it passed to

L sle s o i t the y y Elizabeth , the y unger s s er, was mar i A o f F r ed to Lord udley, and her portion the orest

u B u . belongs to Mr . L dlow r ges

- Pewsham was formerly extra parochial . It no w forms a separate parish with Nethermore .

“ MEM M P l m h e f : r . Jo : ow er to d e reto ore that in ” C e m F a r l . BR hipp nha ore st w s vit io AU EY .

Iron o re was once wrought in the Green Sand o f

Pewsham Forest .

’ Upon the disaﬁ orestations th e marterns (marte ns)w ere

e l e e in N W l lt . e le e utt r y d stroy d orth i s It is a pr tty itt b ast,

of ee e l k of le le and a d p ch stnut co our, a ind po cat, sse than a fo x ; and th e furre is much e stee med ; not much inferior ”

le . UBRE to sab s A Y. HIPPE 'H I V. GE OLOGY OF C JV J M .

HIPPE HAM e N is situated between the oolit , the

C l o n e m otswold Hi ls on side , and the escarp ent All o f the Chalk and G reensand on the other .

o f f C the north part Wilts, rom ricklade to Trowbridge,

f m o ne seems, in ages long gone by, to have or ed large

m o f lake , and in later ti es, when a large volume water h B f had escaped throug the rad ord chasm, several lakes w we re left in the lower grounds . The hole country f m - ro Tytherton to Dauntsey is a lake bottom , lying upon

e o f gravel . This d pression was dammed up by a ridge

o f e Oxford clay . There is evidence a pebble b ach in

Lackh am woods . The middle and lower part of the town are based o n

im o n f o f a l estone rock, which the oundations the Parish C hurch are laid, and which may be seen in its native

o ut d character and undisturbed position, breaking un er th e o f C V wall the hurchyard , Opposite the present icar

e is age . This rock lies d ep , very hard, and yields but few fossils .

C o n Eastwards and southwards , hippenham rests a

f f 400 500 fe bed o bluish clay, rom to et deep, through G EO L OGY . 5

e n which , with very great labour, the Great West r Railway was cut ; this formation extends to the base o f D m e t he erry Hill, where it e ts sand , and thence spreads all over the lowlands o f Pewsham . w f n The rich meado s enclosing the town , and ur ishing

for f me o f ﬁnest loams vegetation , are or d alluvial soil o f the late st fre sh - water formations deposited o n the

me o n o r . li stone rock , and clay, gravel , blue marl

e f On the west and north sid s is the In erior Oolite ,

f m C en m C m B ox stretching ro hipp ha to orsha and , where

e f B F it joins the gr ater Oolite , the amous ath reestone ;

o n - we e and the north st it pass s on through Hardenhuish ,

Kington St . Michae l and Stanton This formation

o n e rests a blu marl , which probably underlies the

h e rf e o f N W greate r part o f t su ac orth ilts .

A o f - B e m D e bed iron sand stone covers r hill , rry,

B e and owden Hills ; str tching, with some alternations o f ne e ee the coralli strata to Deviz s and S nd , where it is

e m o f the capped by the scarp ents chalk .

A e o f f e A m larg bed ossils, with rar m onites, is

e Pe ck in el e deposit d in g M ad , in so solid a mass as to

e obtain a recognized place in the g ological series, under W the name o f KE L L A AYS ROC K . The appearance o f a bituminous shale in the Oxford Clay has led to abortive sinkings fo r coal in t his neighbourhood .

A f W - John ubrey , himsel a North iltshire man , (born

o f . M e the in the parish Kington St icha l), made shrewd observation that the temperaments of the people in 2 6 H I O R O F H I P P N H M ST Y C E A .

North Wilts differed with the soils o n which they lived

— o n dr e that the inhabitants high , y tabl lands, were

- e W ho active , high spirited , and intelligent, while thos m lived on cold, da p , clayey soils, were heavy , slow, and

‘F impassiveﬁ

A th e e e l s o f e th e e es ccording to s v ra sort arth, Indig n

el l ll are e e w ul o r . a e r sp ctiv y itty , or d , g ood , bad In chang s of religion they are more zealous than any oth er ; wh e n in th e me Of t he R m e - C l e el e e w e e m e ti o atho iq u r ig ion , th r r or and better churche s and relig ious hous e s founde d than any

e o f E l w e are no w t he e e oth r part ng and can sho , th y g r at st

f e e en S t l m e . T h e h w e t l anatiq u s , v to piri ua adn ss ric , soi n mak e s them hypo co dricall .

N W l th e Indi enee A e eak In orth i ts g , or borigin s , sp

wl e are hle mati ue k le l l w dra ing ; th y p g q , s ins pa and ivid , s o

ll e o f the l e e m lk e m eat es and du , h avy spirit ; y iv chi ﬂy on i , m l e r e e t . which coo s th ir b ains too uch, and hurts th ir inv n ions

T e e m e m k e em m el l e m l e h s circu stanc s a th ancho y, cont p ativ ,

m l e e e w e e f me m e law e and a icious, by cons q u nc h r o co or suit s

f N h W l le do le t he S e . out o ort i ts . at ast ub to outh rn parts And by t h e same reason they are more apt to b e fanatiq u e s

are e er ll l m fe ll eies their p ersons g n a y p u p and gg y, g a ipot l and som e black : but they are g en era ly handsome e nough .

w e e m w s o wre and It is a oods r country , abounding uch ith

e e la el &c. w m k e h e m aust r p nts, as sorr , hich a s t ir hu ours

' S OW I O.

l N tf e o f San e b e t h e e cons e Fe ix e sp aks V ran ing hig h st, and h l ee re quently t h e m ost pious villag e in t e Italian A ps . It has b n m e also b e h e e e e ee o f el i in ark d , y oth rs , t at th r is a hig h r d g r r ig on t h e elevated mountain hamlets o f Piedmont than in t h e plain .

V. E RI V R A VON, WE LLS , AJVD S PRINGS .

f o f A A on HE chie source the von ( f , a river,

7 o f Saxon), is in the parish Luckington , but it receives se veral brooks fed by the high lands

SIOping up to the Cotswold Hills . The soil o ut o f which

C F e it springs is ornbrash and or st Marble, and over

e U fo r thes pper Oolitic strata the stream runs, about

t o m u and B eight miles, Mal esb ry, thence by road

me f D e C f So r ord , through aunts y Park, hristian Mal ord ,

C m e o f e and Kellaways to hippenha , a cours thirt en

C n was e mile s . When Lord ar arvon ask d why he did

a th e o ne o f not build a m nsion by river side , in the rich

o f C f e his meadows hristian Mal ord (th n property), he f ” i . said, So I might , I were an Ox

Fo r w e o f th e the ﬁrst t enty s ven miles its course , river ﬂows through a series o f valleys into an e xtensive plain

f f C e e o Ox ord lay, then through a channel b tw en Chalk and Greensand, based on coral rag and calcareous grit, over gravel beds formed by the debris o f rocks and the diluvium o f its own silt .

B w B f fo r e e elo rad ord it passes , ight miles , ov r oolitic

t h e V a o f B fo r strata , through lley ath , then , twelve

B e miles , towards ristol, ov r lias, coal measures, and RI V R W E S A ND SP R I N . 2 9 E , LL , GS

m red sandstone , through the grand and tremendous chas

e e n m C f which cleav s the Magn sia Li estone at li ton , over a ﬂat o f alluo ium and falls into the Se vern at

Avonmouth . h 7 3 Its w ole length is miles, but a direct line drawn f e e 2 1 rom its source to its mouth , would m asur but

f l . It s miles ; its a l is triﬂing, as its current is sluggish

o f fo r geological character is much interest , it can be said o f the Wiltshire Avon (what perhaps cannot be

o f said any other river in England), that in its short

o f course it washes the whole series the Secondary strata . In the bed o f this river was found the skull o f a gigantic

o f o f Ox , which testiﬁed to the existence a race colossal

w e we e fe e n quadrupeds, hos bodies re tw lve t lo g, and six

f fe e e t he e t he and hal t in br adth at should rs, ranging vale s o f this district age s long ago . Most o f the fre shwate r ﬁsh common to English rive rs

f in th e A is C are ound von ; Pike , Per h , Trout, hub, Roach and D ace : the large st pike caught o f late years we ighe d

2 0 . e e e m o f 8 lbs a p rch was tak n in this str a lbs, which is an e xtraordinary we ight fo r this class o f ﬁsh ; ve ry

e l m w larg ee s co e do n with the ﬂoods, and are caught at the we irs . A C m i e . The von ﬁrst touches hippenha parish , , the

o f tithing Tytherton) at the point where the rivulet,

Catb ro ok B called , separates remhill and Tytherton ; thence it ﬂows be tween th e Peck ingel Meads (in Langle y

B and e urrell) West Tyth rton , and near the Church is

B e crossed by the Cradle ridg . 3 0 H I ST O RY O F CH IPP E NH A M .

ffs m o f C e m William Woodru , a yeo an hipp nha , by S 1 1 664 M e . e his will dated p , , giv s to the inister and

f o C w e o f . hurch ard ns the parish Kington St Michael ,

w Pe ck in el e e (in hich parish g was then situat d), a r nt “ ’ e o f 30 in remembrance o d s charg shillings a year, f Go mercies in p reserving me in a wonderful manner from ” drownin at Peckin el B rid e on 1 8 S e . 1 656 g g g , p , and the

Minister is to preach a Sermon , and excite the people “ ’ to be mind ul o God s mercies and to be thank ul r f f , f fo ” the same .

e e m e c Thenc the str a ﬂows w stward , re eiving the leat o f e o n th e th e old Tyth rton Mill right, and river Mar

o n f e ictur den the le t, winds and meand rs in pretty, p e sque reaches fringed with elders and rushe s ; encloses the town o n the north in a horse shoe curve : passes Monkton Park ( whe re it fee ds an ancient p ond called

u th e Old w M the Moat), t rns To n ills , with a current

S e e n e e parated into sev ral artiﬁcial cha n ls, pass s under th e B o f 2 1 f the o f ridge arches, orms Island Ree , and

e the w e Lack ham other isl ts, ﬂows by Ivy, Ro d n , and f grounds, and dividing Pewsham rom Lacock parish ,

e e C mak s a swe p to the east, and leaves hippenham parish o pposite Lackham House . The only part o f the rive r

f fo r f P k i which is sa e rowing is rom Monkton to ec ng el . T he river MAR D E N divides Chippenham parish from t h e tithing o f Tytherton Lucas . It rises at the foot o f ’

Martinsell . A . , or St nn s, Hill , near Marlborough This

e A hill giv s birth also to the South von , which runs to

e f Salisbury , and r ceiving the Wily alls into the sea R I V R W E S A ND SP R I N S . 3 1 E , LL , G

C C e w at hrist hurch , Hants , and to the Kenn t , hich ﬂows by Marlborough and Hunge rford into the Thames at Reading .

L0CK S WELL SPRING .

to C m The Empress Maud granted her ha berlain ,

F . Drogo , certain land in Pewsham orest Drogo trans ferred the benefaction to a Cistercian brotherhood . On a ’ F o f D ro o s f S hill in the orest, a part g gi t, Was a pring o f Lo ck swell the purest water, called , and the abbey

e o f A which the monks built, bor the name the bbey

’ ” o f D ro o s F D ro wnfont . f g ount, or The water rom

f e this spring has ﬂowed rom time unknown , in a n ver f f 1 50 o . ailing, never varying volume gallons a minute

m e th e e of the It is a ag niﬁc nt spring , rising on v ry top

ll w all e s e w w l m hi , hich is on sid surround d ith i d and ro antic

e er . e th e w it e l sc n y It app ars in spot in hich bursts, n ar y

e e fee a s l e f l h da thr t bro d, ing u ar and b auti u , rus ing into y , and then winding its precipito us a nd solitary w ay till it is lost among th e wil de st glades o f th e ancie nt fore st o f Chip

e nh am f m ll we h as we fo r cen p ; once a ous and ha o d, it ﬂo d ” l B E t urie s throug h th e w i d bourn e . OWL S .

SW ON LOCK E LL SP RI N G . f f w Pure ount , that , welling rom this ooded hill, ’ D e f t f ost wand r orth , as in o li e s wide vale , T hou to the traveller dost tell no tale

Of e i other y ars ; a lone , unnoticed r ll,

f e o f In thy orsaken tract, unh ard men , H I ST ORY O F CHIPP E NHAM.

m h Making thy o wn sweet usic t rough the gle n .

me w e e Ti was h n oth r sounds, and songs arose ;

’ ’ W o e r e e e e e hen the pensiv sc n , at vening s clos , The distant hell was heard ; or the full chant

t n e o and A mor cam s unding high j ubilant, ’ o n wa Or , stealing the wildered pilgrim s y,

T he Miserere moon light died away, Like all things earthly m Stranger , ark the spot No echoes o f the chiding world intrude

’ e e v anish d— The structur ros , and solitude ’ Po ssess d — f the woods again old Time orgot,

e S m Passing to wid r poil, its place and na e, ’ n o f Since the , ev n as the clouds yesterday, ’ Seven hundred years have well nigh pass d away

w em o f No reck r ains all its early pride, n m Like its own oriso s its fa e has died . ’ B ut f th e this pure ount, thro rolling years same,

Y f m e et li ts its s all still voice, like p nitence , ’

w e . n admo nish d Or lo ly pray r The pass , , hence , if ’ Happy , thrice happy, thro good or ill,

C e f hristian . thy heart r spond to this orsaken rill,

B OW LE s .

The sand hills give birth to many ﬁne springs o f wate r At the foot o f D e rry Hill is a handsome well f : and canopy , inscribed with the ollowing verses

e e e m in me H r qu nch your thirst , and ark

An e mble m o f ue tr charity, W h o whi l e my bounty I besto w R I V R W E S A ND SP R I N . 33 E , LL , GS

Am n either s een no r he ard t o ﬂ ow ; Repaid b y fre sh suppli e s from he ave n i ” F or eve ry cup of water g ven .

Over a smalle r spring and cistern at the top o f t h e hill Canon B owles caused this distich to be engraven

ell e m e w l l w e l Drink , trav r, and or than or d y a th , ” E th e b e o f e l ble e l . njoy st arth y ssing s, h a th

A e story goes that a traveller, w ary and heated , m parched with thirst, ca e to the spring , accepted the ’ m Canon s invitation , and i prudently took a long deep draught o f the exceedingly cold water . He was seized

. f a with cholic and died Soon a ter an epigr m appeared , playing on the case

n uo th B owles Drink , dri k , q

T o thi s t s ouls r y , A ﬁg fo r worldly w e alth ; This fountain clear IS preg nant h ere

h e be of ble t eal . With st ssing s, h th and after summoning up the e vide nce give n o n th e

m the inquest, the sole n conviction was recorded that ’ poor traveller s death was cause d by the couplet o f

e Mr . Bowl s Ag ainst whom was found On t h e cle are st g round A f m ve rdict o anslaughter . ” A S o f Hol Well ubrey peaks y , at Sheldon , and

w fo r i heard the ater was good the e es . ’ AR H U R S E o n B f n T W LL , the ath Road , has ur ished fo r generations an inexhaustible supply o f pure water . 34 H ISTO RY o r C HI P P E N H AM .

In 1 69 4 Judge Holland erected a vaulted building

e e o n sle e over a w ll in his gard n , the p opposite Monkton ” was e CH I P P NH M SP A Park, which call d E A , and was

supposed to be po ssessed o f medicinal virtues . The fame

o f e f o f e its wat rs as a ount h aling is gone, but part

s o f the ornamental structure remain . A COpio us sprin g Of water rises in one o f the islets 1 64 B . 8 o f in the river near the ridge In , the use this water was granted to the Town by the owner o f

Monkton . Sir John Neeld gave 1 00 guineas for carrying the

o f water under the bed the river, to a basin placed at

of . the end the street, as high as the water would rise On an iron plate above the fountain the following record is afﬁxed MON K TON SP RI N G Th is water was given to the town ofChippenham by f E m d . e o i . . s ea e : t G M , Esq and the exp nse conveying

f eld B to s e . this pot was de rayed by Sir John N , art

J M W H RR M O R 1 864. A ES A Y, AY ,

3 6 H I OR O F H I P P N H M ST Y C E A .

o f of e bowers, and labyrinths evergreens, beds anemon s ,

ff f e o f fe da odils, oxglov s, bluebells, and thickets rns,

o f crowned with clusters gorgeous rhododendrons , is a

very paradise o f loveline ss and de light . There used to be a breed o f small ye llow vipe rs in the e f Marsh , which were dang rous to the cattle eeding there ; but not o ne reptile o f this venomous species

ee has b n seen for many y ears .

e The English snake is v ry common there, and is f . A o f n l oh per ectly harmless lover ature, cautious y ’ on m servant , a ﬁne sum er s day , may come upon a brood

o f snak elet s at play with their mother in the sun , and

h o w th e o f may notice, at ﬁrst signal alarm, they glide ’

e e . into their moth r s mouth , and all instantly disapp ar

A fo x d e vixen was seen hovering about a he g row, f near the arm house, and a vigilant watch was kept over the poul try ; but none were eve r missed . Time went o n e e e o ne f o r , and all was p ac ; wh n , evening, our ﬁve

cubs were noticed gambolling with their mother . B ut

no o r o r o r f turkey, goose, duck , owl was ever stolen from yard o r ﬁeld . It was evident that a compact had — been made and respected th e farmer did not molest the f fo x ; the fox did not rob the farmer . Yet oxes must

ne f e be fe d ; and o day . a hare , a rabbit, and a owl wer ’ B u e f seen in the cubs larder . t th y were brought rom

’ f was . afar . The riend s property not invaded There is honour even among foxe s .

A pair o f missel - thrushes had built their nest in a f tree near a spot where a peculiar ungus grew, which W GA R D E N OF I LTS . 37

u the birds regarded as delicate food . B t a pair o f sq uir

f t o rels also had ound out this savoury meat, and used sit u o f the f o n pon the broad head ungus their haunches,

n d . Of and ibble the e ges These thrushes, the boldest

f no r and birds , ( earing neither hawk owl) ﬂew down m o n t h e ﬁ ht ade pertinacious attacks little quadrupeds, g d ing and scol ing and pecking, and tugging at their tails, i and str king them with their strong wings . The defenders o f the position maintained their ground gal lantl y , springing at the assailants, hissing, and barking

l d o ff fun like little dogs, till at ast they were riven the

uS — g , but the battle was not over ; the nimble squirrels

ee ran up the tr in which the birds had built , and took f h h o . T e possession their nest , thrus es now ﬂew to the

f o f e f de ence their hom , and a ter a long ﬁght they dis

e lodg d the enemy, but the squirrels ran down and again ensconced themse lves upon the fungus ; and thus the attack and defe nce went o n till both parties were fairly tired o ut . ’ T he Birds Marsh was once a part o f Langley C Common . Langley ommon was a free pasturage o f

o f eighty acres, given by generous grant Saxon nobles, o r d e ‘ f to , imme iat ly, by the King himsel , the villagers o f Langley B urrell and to the inhabitants o f the Royal C in B urgh o f Chippenham . That hippenham was cluded in the grant is certain from the large ext ent o f land conceded to common use .

A . . In the beginning o f the reign o f Edward VI. D

1 547 for , there was in England a great demand wool ; 38 H I STO RY O F C H I P P E N HAM .

w roﬁt sheep ere very valuable, and pasture was more p T h e . e able than tillag courtiers and county gentlemen ,

f e e under grants rom the Government, nclos d wastes and

m fo r f e e e a co mons , e ding she p, so that the p as ntry, driven o ut o f their ancient heritages, were reduced to misery ; “ and it was said A sheep is a more ravenous beast than ” li n or wol and dev urs wh e f; o ole p arishes . F ormidable insurre ctions broke o ut in England and

e e Wal s ; and the Prot ctor Somerset, whose inﬂuence

C t he c m in the ourt was on wane , countenanced the o

o f t he m ro plaints dispossessed com oners, and issued a p clamation that the lands latel y e nclosed should be again

. T he e d laid open populace , thus ncourage , rose tumult

uousl m f y in several counties, de olished ences and walls,

m o f e and repossessed the selves their anci nt commons,

d . e owns, and woods Sir William H rbert, who had just received the grant o f the posse ssions o f Wilton

A e o f bbey, hasted into Wal s , raised a levy wild moun

t aineers mob , and urged by tidings that the at Wilton

new had broken into his park, marched rapidly into

l o f Wi ts with his troopers, attacked the masses country in men detail, and cut them up with such merciless f severity, that rom north to south the county trembled

at his name .

e C C on Thus Langl y ommon was lost to hippenham ,

a the north , much bout the same time and in the same

m F o n . manner, that Pewsha orest was lost the south — The y were t h e two lungs o f Chippenham both irre

parable losses . 39 G ARD E N OF W I LTS .

Langley Common fell (it is hardly known ho w)into the hands o f ce rt ain proprietors who had obtained grants

f u h e f ee and o past rage , called Leazes, w ich b came r hold ,

B ut . gave rights o f franchise . as yet it was open

e . Oth r commons were sold, and enclosed

no f to Langley Common , though longer ree the peas

e unincum autry fo r grazing cattle , yet r mained a noble ,

r bered area o f eighty ac es ; cold, and bleak it was , especially when the winterly blasts swept down from the ‘ e o f h o r east, but there wer no obstacles hedges, ditc es, stiles all the Old paths remained ; it was free fo r breezy

s fo r and bracing exerci es, riding , driving, and walking, f l and the youths o f Chippenham played ootba l , cricket, ’ o e of old pris ners base , and all mann r English games

f al nu o he th and manliness wherever they pleased ,

e fo r molest d and undebarred, as they had done eight

B u re . t f t h e e hund d years there came a atal time , in y ar

1 838 Act was , when , under the Enclosure , a scheme

elaborat ed fo r enclosing Langley Common . It is true all

n e t o the proceedings the tak n this end were illegal . The Commissioners had no power to enclose a Common

hi o f wit n a certain distance a town , with a certain

population . Langley Common was within a mile o f

C and C u hippenham , hippenham had a pop lation o f

more than 5000 inhabitants .

h e th e l - m t h e we b i u t h e S e W n Mai coach fro st, ring ng p tud nts t o O e e t h e b w o f l e mm th e e s e xford, r ach d ro Lang y Co on , driv r u d t o ut Now entlemen ho ld on ou ha ts or this is the windies t sho , g , y r , f ” / p ai nt between Exeter and Oaford. 40 H ISTO RY O F CH IPPE NHA M.

B ut no protest was made : no hand uplifted to stem

. o f o r the ruin Either through ignorance the law,

o r f f o f C through apathy , rom ear, the people hippenham

l r and f silent y acquiesced in the robbe y , whatever was le t o f their ancient right over Langley Common was lost F fo r . e ever ortunat ly the ancient pathways, in the

fe main , were not seriously inter red with , but gates,

’ fe ditches, nces, and wretched stiles barred the traveller s ‘ way in all directions . The County Council o f Wilts have done well in t aking under their prote ction public paths ; and it will be a if worthy action , they watch with a jealous eye the

o f rights ways across the country, resist any invasion o f

on f them , and insist landowners ulﬁlling their legal

d o f responsibilities in keeping ancient paths in or er,

f e providing ﬁt ootbridges, and convenient stil s . C Though Langley ommon , as it has been said , was

e t h e f r within the last sixty y ars , Open to youths o

m not a oot o their ancient herita e can now be ga es , f f g

obtained even b a ment or it . the m o f , y p y f To sha e the — landowners o f the Common be it spoken l And it would be to th e praise o f the County Councillor fo r if w u C Langley, he o ld move the ouncil to provide , by the compulsory powers which they possess o f purchase

o r ta for t he o f uffr ren l, boys the neighbourhood , a s

o f C f e cient piece the ommon , say our or ﬁve acr s,

Sir an Old m t o e b b u , said country an a squir usy in o str cting — “ t h e ancient tracks re member that o ur paths were h ere ag es and ” a e be e o ur e e and i e w e e m e g s for y h dg s d tch s r ad , G A RD E N o r WILT S . 41 which justice and health (or if they prefer their new

o f word Hygiene) alike demand . On the north side

C a o f elm the ommon st nds the shattered trunk a huge , f o ld w m u our hundred years , hich in its pri e m st have been the ﬁnest tree in the county .

e i B L av ng Langley urrell, its aged elms, its vener C C able hurch, and secluded hurchyard , let the pilgrim o f nature in search o f the picturesque proce ed towards Langley Fitzurse ; and as soon as he enters that parish he ﬁnds (instead o f the road over Langley B urrell Co m mon compressed between stiﬂing hedges) an open high

1 0to 40 f — way bounded by grassy wastes, eet wide they “ are parts o f Langley Fitzurse Comm on ; and hereby hangs a tale . C m 30 The o mon includes acres , and round it are

e f fri plant d arms, cottages and gardens, nging the edge o f f o f the plateau, and orming one the prettiest and T healthiest villages in Wilts . o the westward lies a level plain extending through G loucestershire to the C A otswold ; the views , south and east, present, as ubrey s s a delicate ros ect o f ay , p p , over wooded lowlands, the

il o f B i B C ill h ls remh ll and owood, herh Downs and

S alisbury Plain .

o f The Common is the glory Langley Fitzurse . But it narrowly escaped in 1 860 the fate which befell its neighbour at Langley B urrell in 1 838 . A plot was concocted— maps and plans were prepared — sections were laid out fo r partition and enclosure and on a er n Bu p p the thi g was done . t as soon as the r m P Pn HAM 42 H I ST O RY o c N .

o f design was breathed, it awakened a storm vehement

e indignation ; acting under l gal counsel , the people stood

o n te m their rights, and threa ned uncompro ising hosti lity to the bitter end And the project fo r e n

closure was silently abandoned .

m r Thus the Co mon was saved fo that day . B ut it behoves the parishioners o f Langley Fit zurse to look

well to their intere sts fo r the future . D raycot Park is intersected by public paths to Seagry and Stanton which may be trodden Without fear o f

e o f prosecution . In the silent solitud this Park,

(though small , ) nature may be studied in all its wild

o f fe A ness . The growth the rns is grand ; ubrey “ in his day remarked they are the bigg est and tallest b ” I ever saw as hi h about as a man on horse ack . , g That “ ” w o ld d - part called Scotland, ith its weird eath struck

m e reli ae o f the f oaks, see s like a v ritable g ancient orest . The extent and varie ty and colouring o f the land

o f G RD N o r S d scape the A E WILT cannot be embrace ,

r fﬁ m from o su ciently ad ired, except when seen the undu

lating heights which enclose and command it . From Charlcot there is a drive (Ope n to the public

o f L L by permission ord ansdowne), which winds around ’ t he brow o f the hills to Maud Heath s pillar o n Wick

B encro ft e n Hill, and thence to , which opens to the raptured eye a magniﬁce nt expansion o f heaven above

a and earth below ; but this scene, to be thoroughly p

reciated l s e o n f . p , shou d be vi it d a clear day a ter rain Of Bowood we may simply adopt the dictum of John

44 m sr o s v o r cn rr r s s n u r. acknowledge in all their astonishing discoveries the

and o f an C hand mind Omniscient, Omnipresent reator ; ’ ” — ked u tur unt ature s have not loo p from Na e o N G OD . A very different man t o these philosophers was the great

S edi o ae — w sh b tanist, Linn us the more deeply he pene t rate d t o f e in o the secrets Nature , the more he magniﬁ d the work Of the mighty Maste r ; whenever he had opportunity (which Often happened in his lectures and

s e on botanical excursion ) he expatiat d the greatness,

m e e the goodness, the wisdo , the provid nce, the presenc o f G OD w ; his heart glo ed with celestial ﬁre, his tongue poured forth torrents o f adoring admiration .

Of Al v z Joseph leine, (born at De i es, in the troublous times o f Charles it is recorded He did often in his d tions deli ht to converse with the ou ls o the air and evo g f f , the beasts of the h ld with streams and p lants he did delight to talk ; and all these did utter to his attentive ear ” the p raise and knowledge of the great Creator.

T h ou wh o t e me e es t o see and l e s , has g iv n y ov thi f sight so air,

G e m e e T ee and ead T iv a h art to ﬁnd out h , r hee

KEB E. e verywhere . L

When John Evelyn was visiting Sir Edward Bayn to n S e 1 652 t he at py Park in , he pronounced that house was buil t on the precipice Of an incomp arable prospect and who a better authority o n the characteristics o f ” the true pictures que than the author Of Sylva . P

E el w e S l i e on e T ee John v yn rot y va, a D scours For st r s, 1 ll of lm a es we 664 . few e rs m e e Within a y a i ions oaks, s, and sh , r GARD E N o r w w r s . 45

With the Ip se D imit of John Evelyn and a Poem Of

C B D E o r S . anon owles , we leave the GA R N WILT

S K E TCH F RO M B OWD E N H ILL .

Ho e ! w che ring are thy prospects , airy hill

HOW rich , How mantling in the gay and g orgeous tints

Of F ar on summer beneath me, sweeping

F f u e rom ﬁeld to ﬁeld, rom vale to cult red val , The prospect Spreads its crowded beauties Wide ;

i i Of Long l nes of sunsh ne, and shadow, streak The farthest distance where the passing light ’ A f l s i lternate a l , mid und stinguished trees,

i o f Wh te dots gleaming domes, and peeping towers, ’

As f . rom the painter s instant touch , appear

As r f l to l thus the eye anges rom hi l hil , h Here white wit passing sunshine, there with trees m Innu erable shaded, clustering more

As r the long vale reti es, the ample scene,

e to Warm with new grace and b auty, seems live . Lives all is animation ! beauty ! hope !

0 r f Natu e thee, in the so t winds,

the d o f u Thee , in soothing soun s mmer leaves, W ll ul hen the sti earth lies s try thee, methinks, ’ Ev n now I hear bid welcome t o thy vales And woods agai n !

l e G e B ai . T i e b bl t o p ant d in r at rit n o th s dat , (and pro a y this book .) we o we th e stately timber tree s whi ch now so g randly adorn t he HI STORY OF CH IPPENHA M.

And I will welcome them ,

And o f f . pour, as erst, the song heart elt praise

F l f f ls rom yonder ine, where ade the arthest hil

o f w li Which bound the blue lap the s el ng vale ,

On whose last line, seen like a beacon , hangs ‘ ! Thy tower, benevolent, accomplished Hoare

I far . To where stand , how the interval Yet instantaneous to the hurrying eye

Displayed, though peeping towers and villages, ’ e Thick scatt red , mid the intermingling elms,

nd e d A towns remotely mark by hovering smoke,

And s grass green pastures with their herd , and seats Of f rural beauty, cottages, and arms,

U . nnumbered as the hedgerows, lie between B eaming at large to where the gray sky bends, l The eye scarce knows to rest, till back reca led,

B clo ist ers y yonder ivied f in the plain ,

r Whose tur et , peeping pale above the shade,

Smiles in the venerable grace Of years . 0 vene rable pile ! though no w no more The pensive passenger at evening h ears

- o r The slowly chanted vesper, the sounds

Of Miserere die along the vale, Yet piety and honoured agei retired

e m n Ther hold their bla eless sojour , ere the bowl i B e o r . broken , the s lver cord be loosed

w il St T e bu b Sir R . ourton o r, t y C . Hoare .

T h e e e S rew b e e i in t h A I ag d Count ss of h s ury, th n r sid ng e bbey . 4 GARD E N OF WILT S . 7

Nor can I pass Without a secret prayer th at so my age

In charity and peace may wait its close . Y O f f et still be with me, delight ul riend .

o o f S othing companion my vacant hours ,

o f Oh , Spirit the Muse, to animate

’ And m war my heart, whene er the prospect smiles, W o f G OD . S O ith all the works cheer my path , F rom youth to sober manhood , till the light

Of evening smile upon the fading scene . And m f though no pealing clarion swell y ame, — When all mv days are gone let me not pass Like the forgotten clouds Of yeste rday ; Nor unremembe re d by the fatherless ’ Of the loved village where my bones are laid .

B wl e was Of B em ll b h e was e in Canon o s Vicar r hi , ut buri d t h l Of S li b e C oisters a s ury Cathedral . VII . S TANLE Y AB B E Y .

T ANLEY AB BEY was located in the extreme

e Of C e F e o n east rn angle hipp nham or st , the southern bank o f the Calne Water ; the Church and e Of B m Monast ry were within the parish re hill, but

f r C their lands extended a into hippenham Parish .

Lo ck swell Of F , in the south Pewsham orest, had

f e Of been con erred by H nry, Duke Normandy, and Maud

o n h er D the Empress, chamberlain , rogo ; this noble man o r e e n f , his immediate repr s ntatives, tra s erred the e Of C e state to a House istercian monks, who s ttled at

Lo ck swell 1 1 5 1 f o f A in , and laid the oundations an bbey, close t o the famous Springs . On rece iving an additi o Of f nal grant meadow land in the valley, a ter a t hree ’ de o n the s h years resi nce hill , the monastic house old migrated t o Stanley . The solidity and breadth o f the walls in Lo ck swell Abbey Farm - house mak e it highly probable that they are remains Of the old convent ual : in building and the reservoir also, below the house, its original construction , must have been due to the labours Of the monks .

A w to b e The bbot, no doubt, went do n Stanley, c o f s ause its heltered situation , in rich pastures, and S TANL E Y A B B E Y . 49

e e e th e f m beside a riv r, wh r monks could or ﬁsh ponds,

m d e e and build a ill , an in isp nsabl boon to them and

T th e . e their peasantry h ir mill is working still , and abutment Of a bridge the y built was remaining sixty

b ut A C years ago ; the glorious bbey hurch they raised , and their magniﬁcent monastery have perished t o their

v ery foundations .

T he A was e Stanleia Im eratricis bbey call d p , because the Empress Maud grante d the e ndo wment ; but what the y gained in good land the brotherhood had lost in

e good water . SO by a bold v nture th ey de termined t o conve y the pure fre sh stre am at Lo ck swell through an unde rground conduit from the source Of the spring

to th e Of Ab e a t site the new b y, Stanley , a distance m o f three mile s . A anuscript in the B odleian records “ that In the year 1 2 1 4 the aqueduct was ﬁnished by

T homas de Colestune C the A bbot who thou h ( olston ) , , g — — “ timide incepit h e b egan in fear yet D eo et D omino

J es u Christa sibi auxiliante - b y the h elp Of G o d and — t he Lord Je sus Christ he s uccessfully comp leted this g ood

l w rk or which his memor ou ht to be bless and nob e o , f y g ed ”

e e Of . for ever . The aqu duct must hav been stone The tradition Of its existence is still ﬁrm portions have been m e . brok n into , large enough to ad it a boy

2 1 e in e t Edward I . gave 1 acr s N h e rmo re ; his char

t e r m e w e its ﬁrst entions the rivul t Pe e , which giv s name to th e district That King also granted a license “ ”— to the Abbot fodiendi mineralia ferri to dig iron

H dﬁeld F e . e in the or st Richard I added , near the 0 S R r 5 HI TO Y o CHIPP E NHAM.

— " Forest Of Chippenham dominium nostrum cum sep tem

i ne i us i. f homnibus ib ma nt b e. seven arms with their

e s—o u Of A Of ea t nant both sides the von , and d d wood in the forest as much as the y want fo r ﬁres ; and timber when nee ded for the ir buildings to be taken in view of

F f u the orester ; also pasture and pannage, ree and q iet, for o f n for o wn the pigs the Seve men , and their pigs, ”

n and . . a imals, ﬂocks Richard II gave lands and in C B C tenements hippenham , Langley urrell , ockle “ A Estmeade &c. three ence a borough , llington , , ; and p day are to be p aidfor ever out of our F arm of Chipp e nham l l ” as lo ng as Stan ey sha l be inhabited by Religious F alls. C The hurch was dedicated by Walter de Wyle, B f 1 2 66 o . ishop Sarum , in

C B w Th e wild orests o Wiltshire anon o les writes f f , as well the ast sw m s in other ounties wer r l i d as v a p C , e eca me b these ascetic inma es h lois r and the m lan y t of t e c te , oor ds they brought into cultivation are now the most p roductive ” lands i h n t e county . Again he says The tap er of learning in the solitary cloister was the only one that cast an li ht at that beni h d er d T he hum o indus y g g te p io . f try and the voice o ra ers were heard b turns wherever the f p y , y , y

ﬁr ed their abode . T he fate of these sump tuous establish ments sometimes moves a sigh when we recollect the early indus try they p romoted ; the learning and p iety they encour

aged ; and also the charities they disp ensed . B ut they were smitten in their p omp and p ride ; and the monastic s stem containin amid man ross im urities and i y , g, y g p m

ieties much which the sincerest iet mi ht a r e p , p y g pp ov , an d ” ha h rit mi ht or ive r e er ass d mu t t a o v e wa . ch c y g f g , f p a y

52 HI STORY O F CHIPP E NHA M.

e e e h e t o till in his desperat n c ssity, ran sanctuary in “ ” L A e . Here he was besie ed Stanley bb y g , says a atin

lm s ll he M S . in the Bodleian) fourteen days by a o t a t

Count o PVi/ts but came out sa e in the ea e o the y f , f p c f Ch urch and was reconciled in he ll win e r 1 2 02 . , t fo o g y a , f e o f w . Of e In the tim Ed ard II , the Earl H rt ord,Roger ’ A Of ee Mortimer, udley, and other Qu n Isabella s f S A adherents, orced a violent entrance into tanley bbey , and seized the treasures Of Hugh de Spence r de posit e d w A fo r fe e ffe ith the bbot sa ty ; th y broke open his co rs ,

e Off £ 1 000 in m e e Of and carri d on y, besid s cups gold

me . and silver, jewels, charters, muni nts and letters 1 536 m In , a ongst the many consecrated retreats which had served in their earlier day the cause Of

e m l arning, hospitality and charity, and ight under proper regulations have been i nstrumental to the same ‘ “ e e holy purpos s to this day, the hid ous Henry smote ” t o the dust Stanley Abbey . The site and part Of the lands were sold by the

to B 1 4 Feb 1 537 for £ 1 2 00 King Sir Edward aynton , , ,

B m e h is e e e e m l e th e K ishop Lati r, in hon st arn stn ss, i p or d ing t o e t wo o r ee m e e o r e in e e i e t o b e spar thr onast ri s conv nts v ry sh r , e me Of t h e el l e w i m en and w me e tru ho s r ig ious if , into h ch o n , ag d, e dle e t h e w l m e e for w il e sick, sad, fri n ss , naus ating or d, ig ht r tir a h , mm e wi G s o e e and co un th OD, and pr par for

Th i e bl e da at n vita y, Wh e e t o m e ll sa n a voic sha y, T mu e m e w hou st ris , and co a ay All t h e e y oth r journ ys past , G e e m e e ird th , and ak r ady fast , ” th l e t h l . For y ong st, and y ast TRENCH . STANL E Y A B B E Y . 3

e e Of S e r had they d scend d to the Starkeys, py Pa k, who

Of h e A intermarried with the B aynt o ns . The site t bbey now is possessed by the Marquis Of Lansdowne . Some encaustic tiles and sculpture d stones were col lect ed C B by anon owles, and are preserved in an oratory “ ” e B i the las t as lum in the Vicarag garden at remh ll, y ,

o their de arted s lendour and erished as he says, f p p p ” fortunes . The south wall of th e Old farm house built in the A f f bbey grounds, (now itsel alling into ruins), displays stones and oake n beams which may belong to the original erection ; carve n stones o f ecclesiastical charac

e e f ter lie h re and there ; her is a stone co ﬁn , there are

m f m o f f nu berless rag ents tiles, beauti ully patterned in

f o f C still resh colours, betokening the site the hurch ; the local situation o f the monastic buildings (which served as a quarry fo r 2 00 years) is shown by depressions in

m e e f e in C fo r the adow ; the ven rable ont, us d the hurch

400 for 350 a s years , desecrated years, st nd now upon a solid cross o f freestone o n the lawn Of the new

f . arm house These ancient, holy relics awaken solemn memories . Three Kings o f England are recorded as having

' d a A asse . each p night at Stanley bbey ; John , Edward I and Edward II .

i o f The Society cons sted only thirteen White Monks,

f a o but the lay brothers, O ﬁci ls, servitors, and lab urers might have numbered o ne hundred . Their annual

d. revenue at the D issolution was £22 2 1 48 . 4 54 m en u o r CHIPP B NHAM.

Of C During the making the alne Railway,

e t A 1 2 o r 1 4 pass d hrough the bbey lands , skeletons

i f s f were unearthed , ly ng ace downward ; and seven eet ’ f f e below the sur ace a blacksmith s orge was discover d, f with small coal quite resh . HIPPEJV’HAM H . VIII . C PARIS

HE Parish o f Chippenham include the tithings

o r o f townships West Tytherton , Stanley, and f Net hermo re . Detached portions ormerly lay

in . B Kington St Michael, Langley urrell, and elsewhere, and parts Of other parishes were enclosed within the limits o f Chippenham parish ; but by the D ivided Parishes Act each parish is now contained by a con

tinuo us line . The parish Of Chippenham proper is bounded o n

t Y . the nor h by atton Keynell, Kington St Michael,

e B Hard nhuish , and Langley urrell ; east by Tytherton ; B so uth by Pewsham ; west by iddestone . The area Of the Old parish was 69 81 acre s : 1 4 acres l 1 C a . 2 r. 2 are glebe ; the hurch Trustees ho d 6p . ; the

34 . 6a . Or. 4 Corporation o wn l 2 p ; and 2 a . belong to the W C m Great estern Railway o pany, not including the

C n B . al e ranch Stanley is bounded by Tytherto n, B L Of B m remhill , the iberty owood, Pewsha , and Chip

enh am e C m B p ;Neth rmore by hippenha , Pewsham, owood, ’ C n B h Bishop s an ings, rom am , and Lacock . Under recent legislation Nethermore was separated from Chip

penh am and united with Pewsham . 5 6 HIsT OBY OF CHIPP E NHAM .

Though Pewsham Fore st was considered to be in

C F e o f cluded in hippenham or st, yet the parish Pewsham

e was never a part Of Chipp nham parish . Pewsham 1 2 9 6 contained acres, but had no ecclesiastical existence, C V V being without hurch , icar, and estry, yet it paid

tithes . The area Of Chippenham parish is now 61 9 1 acres ;by the abstraction of th e whole o f Neth ermore with por

Of B e d tions Langley urr ll, Har enhuish , and Kington

. b 7 9 0 St Michael, its ancient content was reduced y

acres .

T HE B OR O UGH

no w A Chippenham is ruled by a Mayor , ldermen ,

C u r f e and o ncillo s, but as a municipal power these O ﬁc rs C are very young, having been created under the orpora

B e f m tions Re form Act in 1 854 . ore that ti e the Town B ff B was governed by a aili and Twelve urgesses , whose title to a Corporate B ody r e ste d upon a Charter granted

by Queen Mary . The records Of the borough (now in the custody Of the Corporation) throw no light on the early history o f

e me Of C the gov rn nt hippenham , as they do not begin

ut m till 1 554 . B Chippenha was a B orough by pre

n e B ff fo r e scriptio , and gov rned by a aili many hundr d

f e M e e years be ore Que n ary grant d her charte r . Ev r

Of R D esmes ne was e since it was a part the oyal , it und r m the charge Of so e representative o f the Crown . Some T H E B O ROUGH . 57

f C e times this O ﬁcial was called Steward , as at aln ; some m G B w ti es Portreeve , as at reat ed yn ;but his appellation

B C m C was at romham , orsha , hippenham , and Melksham , mm Bailiff. As this ofﬁcer was co issioned to protect

h e m the Royal interests, was ar ed originally with formidable powers (being second only to the King

m e f fo r h e mm hi s l within the Manor), had at his co and no t only a prison and pillory, but also a gallows , and a hangman too . B ut after the Manor was subdivided into several

e e semimano rial o f royalti s , ach carrying rights, owners a C m m the l nds granted by the rown , and so eti es superior

C Oﬂice rs rown , questioned and counteracted the authority

D u f n o . Of the B ailiff. ring the reig Henry III Robert

Stok et B ff Of C m o f , aili hippenha , seized some packs wool passing through the town ; the Sheriff Of Wilts

him e m . A fe w m in ordered to restor the llo , i prisoned “ ’ ” Of the castle Old Sarum, had turned King s Evidence , and had implicated in his charge o ne Solomon the S f o f C e . ff o Jew, hipp nham The heri Wilts issued his warrant to the B ailiff O f Chippenham (Robe rt

Stok et th e J e w f ) to arrest , but , be ore the warrant was s e df G ascel n Of erv d, Go rey y , lord the manor, dared the B ailiff to take any procee dings till he had communicate d

w ff. m ith the Sheri Meanwhile Solo on disappeared .

ee n One Nicholas Hamund , who had b n se t to prison by

B ff e th e e ff the aili , was releas d by Sh ri .

was fo r Of It evident, that the peace the town , the

u e o f C f f tr e pow rs the hie O ﬁcer should be deﬁned , and 5 S 8 HI TO RY OF s H Ir r E NII A u .

that he should be conﬁrmed in his local authority . Therefore a petition was pr esented to Queen Mary at th e beginning o f her reign that she would grant the borough

Of r f a new charter, and she , desirous ing atiating hersel c f with her subjects, on erred both a charter and a grant

of land .

T HE CHAR T ERS

C of 2 nd 1 554 The harter Queen Mary is dated May , ; it runs thus On petition o fth e inhabitants o f th e T own and B oroug h o f C e m for th e e e ve me e e f for hipp nha b tt r g o rn nt th r o , and

the e o f e a e o ne d l t advantag b ing incorpor t d into bo y po i ic, th e Quee n de cree s that th e said T own and B orough shall b e

free B for e e o f o ne B l ff T wel e B e e s a orough v r, ai i and v urg ss to form o ne body corporate : that they m ay plead and b e

m le d e all e C mm S e l m a e i p a d, sh hav a o on a , and y acq uir

l th e B ll e e f m B r mland L ands ; and oroug h sha xt nd ro y ands,

th e w e th e Y e o f H L th e on st, to at post untingdon ands on e ast ; and from th e midst o f th e B ridg e of Chippenham on th e north to Cook Stre et on t he south ; and s h e nominate s Henry Farnewell (alias Goldney)to b e th e ﬁ rst B ailiff w ith

l e ele e B e e the B r e e ll m ee twe v s ct d urg ss s, and that u g ss s sha t ” in the Yelde Hall (or other plac e)and elect a Bailiff on

e ll m k e e for the B w e e d ath , and sha a statut s oroug h and h r as

e a e of T wo B e e t he P l me fo r th e maint n nc urg ss s at ar ia nt, and for th e reparations o f a certain g reat bridg e On the river ” o f e k lle Cawsa e e are Avon , and a c rtain ban ca d a y , th y

l e e her M e t the T w the grie vous y burth n d, aj s y g rants to o n

60 HI STORY o r CHIPB E NHAM.

fo r l fo r u ca ling the King a heretic, and having s f fered o ne m B d V Of B f Willia yr , icar rad ord, in Wilts, to m make experiments in alche y, in his house, with a

s Of h o w de ign ascertaining soon the King might die .

F or o f f these acts High Treason , Lord Hunger ord lost

o n e his head Tow r Hill, and with his head lost all his C m manors in hippenham , and any other goodly estates

h . in Wilts, and elsew ere t C This property was all conﬁsca ed by the rown . It was o ut Of the forfeited lands Of Lord Hungerford in

Chippenham that Mary , (as advised)made her grants to the B orough And the Charter was executed only jus t

fo r W o f f in time, alter, the heir Lord Hunger ord, came Of age twenty three days after the deed received the Sign

h e e a Manual , when was r stored in name, blood, and est te, by Act o f Parliament . Let it be remembered that Queen Mary did not

e create the B orough o f Chipp nham . Her Charter con

B rivﬂ e es f e im ﬁrmed ancient urgage p g , ranchis s, and i m munit es granted by Saxon , Nor an . and Plantagenet

e m Sovereigns under l gal deeds and instru ents now lost . “ Queen Elizabeth also granted a Charter B allino cl ” us B ur i de Chi enham B urgensib g pp , but it only recite s

Of e and conﬁrms that her Sist r in every particular . In 1 57 4 a suit had been lodged in t h e Court o f

the T owne lands iven or charita Chancery that , g f ble

ses and the ubli ue ood were misem lo ed unto the purpo p q g , p y ” t ene t o some ew o the incor oration p riva e b ﬁ f f f p , and Sir f Walter Hunger ord, Sir John Danvers , Sir Henry Sher CHA RT E R S . 61

to . f n ring n , and John Eyre, Esq made an award recti yi g

In 1 04 B ff Of Bur . 6 the abuses , the aili and some the gesses prosecuted the other B urgesses and some of the

’ inhabitants because they held that St . Mary s St . was not in the borough ; Lord Chancellor Egerton recom m an n m ended amicable arra ge ent, and nominated certain

C wh o . . w s t h ommissioners, decided that St Mary St a in e “ who or the extin uishin he borough , and suggested f g g t miseries that daily g row out of strife and of the malice

1 ) s rin in u between the inhabitants p g g p , certain ordinances t o be binding on all the town . Some Of the lands given to the town by Queen Mary were afterwards discovered to be no part of Lord Hun ’ erfo rd s e t o C g property, but to b long the rown , as as ” C F e we sart lands in hippenham or st, and re claimed by

Of £40 James I . On the payment they were secured ’ o B h t the orough by the King s Letters Patent, w ich “ further conﬁrmed to the Bailiff and B urgesses all the

m e e a uas iscaria lands , tenements, essuag s, r nts, rights , g , p ,

iscaciones e ﬁsh o nds — e p ; wat rs , p , ﬁsheries which th y and their prede cessors h ad be en accustome d to hold in any

m Of o r Of former ti e by grants Kings Queens England .

LANDS SOLD TO T HE CORPORATION o r C HIPPE NHAM B Y ME S I I 1 607 JA , N

INLANDS AND COT B OLTS CROF T WE ST MEAD (rest Of) 62 HI STORY O F CHIPP E NHAM .

l a so all the tithes great and small , with a reserved

C o f rent to the rown nine shillings .

B C . m . oth harles II and Ja es II , besides depriving

e Of e s citi s and towns th ir charter by legal compulsion, induced other boroughs voluntarily to surre nder their

m o f rights, under a pro ise a new charter with superior privile ges . An entry among the B orough Records is ominous as t o the fate o f the dee ds and documents relating to the history and privilege s of Chippenham from 1 1 00 to 1 554

1 685 . T h e f m e C e e e e M or r hart r grant d by Qu n ary , with divers other Charters of this B orough was surre ndered

o t he h o f C a le IL int ands h r s , C d The Older harters were never returne , and may be in existence still in the Record Ofﬁce in London .

en C James the Second r ewed the harter, which the

f C e o n . 1 3 borough O hippenham had surrender d, Mar , 1 685 C , but with the proviso that the Privy ouncil might m mak e o r cancel all appoint ents, and under this clause F B ff f B he removed John lower, aili , and our urgesses,

m e l B e f and no inat d Wi liam d ord, and others, in their

B ut d s place . alarmed by ark cloud gathering round

e C all the throne, he r stored to hippenham its corporate

e h e t privileges, and, it app ars , took the Oppor unity as he

in 1 687 to was passing through the town , present the ne w Concession in person . The costs and the homage

M. P. 36 6 d . fees Of £ 8 . 8 were paid by Richard Kent, fo r the town . TOWN HALL 63

LL T HE T O WN HA .

A fe e - w years ago two lon ly, solemn , smoke begrimed

ef trees, (supposed to be evergreens)stood b ore a solemn ,

- m ancient, smoke begrimed building with two s all gables, surmounted by an Old wooden turret o n the east side Of the Market Place of Chippenham . di 1 89 4. The trees are gone . The buil ng remains . It is the Old Town Hall ; the venerable Council Cham ber Of the Borough fo r centuries . It bears o n its front “ B A . S . rO the orough rms , and the letters J p

o f B ff it bably the initials John Scott, aili , who repaired that year .

W f w as hen Walter Lord Hunger ord attainted, and

e V . all his estates were seiz d by Henry III , the attainder

t o did not touch the heir, and the King assented the

Of restoration all the conﬁscated property, except the

o f C Hundred and Manor hippenham , which he devised o n fo r fe certain grantees li , Roberte Serle and Laurence

e e B ff Of C Wamsley, and mad th m aili s hippenham and afterwards conveyed it as a marriage portion t o

f r f . o VI. Queen Katharine Parr her li e Edward , as

fee D has been mentioned , sold the to Lord arcy , and he

- re sold it to Sir W . Sherrington .

In th e midst o f th e stree t o f th e tow n stood a Yelde Hall or Church e House alon e by it s elf from all other house s

°h ‘ w t he Inh ab it ant e s Of th e s ayde tow n e tim e oute o f mynde have Repaire d and therein k ept e their ch urch e ales and plaie s and hav e h ad their me tyng e for mak ing o f ordinances fo r the M 64 HI STORY o r CHIPP E NHA .

n th me th e me t h same tow ne doc. and i e sa hows e by ti e Lordes o f t he Hundrede have k epte theirs Lawe daies and ” h undr d e e e Court s . It was contended by the town that the patent o f

Edward VI. granting the Hundre d neve r conveyed the f e Of Y o r re hold the elde , Guild , Hall to the grantee ; ’ s D Arc o r though it seem , Lord y, his assigns , claimed it,

r and the dispute ran on fo t wo hundred years . ’ S e f Henry h rrington , having s ucceeded to his ather s

vi o uro usl f e property, and preparing g y to en orc his sup posed rights in reference to the Town Hall Of Chippen

h am t h e B ff B e , aili and urgesses petition d the Queen

(Elizabeth) fo r protection . “ ’ The Queen s Steward Of the Town Of Chippenham

t he L C f f wrote to ord hie Justice , in orming him that there had long been a variance betwe en the Town o f Chippen

t b occasion o a raunt which ham and Mr . Sherring on y f g ” obtained rom the Prince f o f he had f , and sent a dra t the

A G e case . The ttorney eneral appears to hav proceeded

B o n e against Sherrington , but the arons h aring the suit,

u e quashed the Information . Th s ncouraged E He e S e s uie r e St . A e we e nri h ring ton , q , about ndr s tid

’ ‘ o f No v eb t h e ix th ea o f t he ue enes vidl th e third day . in y r Q " ma rayn e that now e is (1 566)s ent thre o f his hous ehold ser m vants w stave s and axe s in riotous manner to th e towne of Ch ipnam to cutt downe c orte n shamble s and Shoppe s there whereupo n o ne T homas Asheley bocher o ne o f th e T e nants Of ‘“ ’ S r Walter Hung erfo rd came w a s taﬂ e and co mau nde d t he ” e m en le e h e w in w e O f his said M . Sh rring tons to av y g do n shoppe fo r that h e had his vittell there and t wo o f his boie s TOWN HALL 65 lyeing in the Sh oppe to k eepe th e possession thereof th e dore b e n L k e th e windo we s f t e aunsw ered e y g oc d and ast, h y th y would not whereupon the saide T homas Ashl ey ow ner of th e Shoppe k epyng the possession thereof and s ey mg th ey would

' not cease to hewe down e his shoppe did strik e at o ne o fM . Sher ing to ns m en and they strak e at h im ag ayne and thereupon came the B alie of th e tow n e and th e cons table s to k epe t he

°h ueenes e e and em as e w me o ne q p ac to putt th und r, at ti ” n h erin t ons m en k o n Lau John Crok e o e o f M . S g did ta e e rence Mado ck e constable Of the towne by th e bosome and “ ask te him what h e had t o doo w th e matter whoo aunsw ered

h m h e u n k T th e that e ca e to se e t q ee es peace ept . hen saide T homas Asheley and o ne Richard Vyncent req uire d th e said

B l e and t le e w l th ' ai i cons ab s that th y o d are st e said M .

Sh erin to ns m en o f th e e e whe e th e B l e g p ac , r upon ai i and

r l M Sh e in n m ’ r to s en . constab e s req ui re d . g to g o to M Ed

°h ” w d B e Of e e w M . B h ear n the ar aynton justic p ac , aynton y g m e o f e a w lle e m k e th e e e o ne att r both p rts , i d th not to ta p ac o f e fo r w l b e ch ard e anoth r that it o d g to both parts , and t“ thereupon took e uppe th e matte r and 8 0 they departe d w oute ” n nt anie further pu ysh eme .

T O the wise suggestion Of the magistrate both parties Af w at ﬁrst agreed . ter ards Sherrington brought an action against the B ailiff and constable fo r arresting his servants without a warrant, and when he was Sheriff o f Wilts in the same year he arreste d both the “ f latitat e B O ﬁcers with a , and wold tak no aile, but ” m m e and f sent the to the co on Jayl , kept the key O the “ ch urch e Of Chi nam e house p called the y ild hall , and dothe clayme it to be his inheritance as parcell Of the 66 HI STORY o r OHIr r E NHAM.

e s . B ut w Of f 1 569 hundr d , probably eary the stri e, in , Sherrington leased his t olls Of Fairs and Markets within

to B ff B the borough the aili and urgesses, and their suc cessors for 40 Of £8 , years, at a rent a year, they cove

to o f nanting keep the Hall in repair, and allow the lord

to Law in the Hundred keep his day there once the year, and to provide o ne convenient and sufﬁcient Dynner for the Steward and his servants . Up to this time the Guild Hall h ad stood alone o n a vacant Spot o f ground o n the east Side o f the Market

. 1 580 t o Place Now, in , leases were granted erect

and s stalls, shambles, shops, and all other building , ﬁt

fo r f and expe dient airs and markets , in and upon the

Market Place, and other waste and void places . Hither

Of n l converged all the trade the tow , and besides pub ic ’ t S houses and bu chers hambles, shops were built by a

’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ‘ ’ ‘ ‘ l nnen clothman weaver, mercer, y draper, , car ’ ’ &c. rier, cordwainer, in n l The Quarter Sessions were held the Tow Hal ,

h us when the ﬂoor was strewn wit herbs and green r hes,

to B Of ei ht ence fu (at a cost the orough g p ), and per med

f k o f our with ran incense, resin , and pitch (at a cost f “ ence ffs p ), and adorned with certain stu to hang about the Hall when the Justices sat - the etnﬁe was b or

Of A rowed Sir Gilbert Prynne at llington House, and it cost siap ence fo r carriage .

o f f Of The dues the Hundred , apart rom the rents

£40 . the Shambles, amounted to a year

1 568 s l o f Of In Nichola Sne l , by warrant the Earl

68 HISTORY OF CHIPP E NHAM .

as representatives Of Chippenham through the Planta L Y genet, ancastrian , orkist, and Tudor reigns, till I ’ — f o f m Mary and rom the date Mary s ﬁrst Parlia ent,

3 R r u W r l . 1 0 1 55 ob a t s ast Sep , (to which y and Henricus

F arnewell alias G d fo r Chi en , oldney, were electe pp

Of u ham), through the reigns the St art and Hanoverian

are f Sovereigns, during which the lists absolutely per ect,

fo r 1 654 1 656 except and , (when no returns appear) about 1 60 B urgesses have represente d the Borough o f m Chippenha . Many Of these men we re famous in their day in the

C Of f m o n ounty Wilts, and some have le t a ark the page

English history . Hungerford and B ay nton occur again and again throughout the seventeenth century— Popham—Hyde — — — — - Eyre Speke Talbot Montague Lord Mordaunt

f f —ROlt — — l et a . Long, O ten and O ten Eyres Holland , In early times the B urge sse s elected to Parliament were paid for their time and labours by their co nstitu

one o f ents . It will be noted that express purpose

B t o Q. Mary g iving land to the orough , was meet the

B o f great cost Of maintaining two urgesses Parliament . In the middle ages Knights fo r the Shire received 4

B s fo r B 2 shillings, and urges es the orough shillings a

f e r o C . day, by war ant the rown Mon y would be worth l n ten times what it is now . All travel i g was then on

e . hors back, and the animals were as heavy as carthorses Parliament was no t always held in London ; it followed

Y a o r the King to ork , Re ding, elsewhere ; and the dan F 9 ME M B E RS O PARLIAME NT . 6

gers and expense Of these journeys were very great . It

4 o r 5 f m C took days to ride ro hippenham to London , and the roads (only rugged lanes) over the Wiltshire

w f e Do ns, which was the shortest way, were in est d with robbers . S l Pl S l r Pl a isbury ain , a isbu y ain, ” Never without a thief or twain .

Fathers of Chippenham before leaving home made

ls e f Of f m their wil , and took sol mn arewell their a ilies, as though they would never see them again . m 2 l B ut in ti e the noble public thought shi lings a. ’ o fo r day to high a payment their representative s service, hi ” 1 and reduced s wages to shilling a day . At

on C s f for Dunwich , the Essex oa t, which was amous

e m herrings, the el ctors made a co position with their ” sitting member, viz . that

W e h e the P l m e l l m e h t r ar ia nt ho d ong ti or short , or w e e f t e b e e he w ll k fo e h th r it or un to prorog u d, i ta e r his wag s ” f f e i a barrel and hal o h rr ng s . Chippenham was famous for the manufacture Of ﬁne — broad cloth there is not any evidence to Show whether ’ e this borough pr sented their M. P s fo r their wages a

Of - suit clothes, surcoat, waistcoat, knee breeches, and

. B ut 1 603 pantaloons there is evidence that in , when f John Hunger ord and John Roberts were elected, “ 9 4 househol ders were taxed at 1 2 d a ie 9 p ce, and 2 in habitants at 8d a iece wa es for J ohn Robarts a bur ess p , g , g ” or Parliament or 1 7 weeks viz. 1 2 0da s at 2 a da f , f , y / y . The Members of Parliament were always elected in 7 0 m sro nr o r E CHIPP N HAM.

w . If the Old To n Hall its walls could hear and speak, it would tell some startling tales about contested elec m tions, and tumultuous no inations, and vehement de clamatio ns e ll s e , and excit d po ings, and unblu hing brib ry,

h e and broken pledges, and disappointed op s, and savage

ﬁghts . The question was once asked How many voters

i enh m nd what would be the robable are there in Ch p p a , a p ” cost of an election ? It was answere d T here are 1 2 9 burg ag e houses

orou h the same number it is su osed as when in the b g , ( pp

’ r nt was made and each house has a vote but Mary s g a ) , onl 1 02 will vote now as 2 7 are occu ied b widows or y , p y

E ver reeman eh ects at leas t £1 0 or his vote. maidens . y f p f A sum of between £3000 and £4000must be dep osited with

T he din er will cost £500 the su resp onsible T rus tees . n ; p

r and ball two da s a ter £500. T he las t success ul p e , y f , f ”

id ot a one bill e en or leanin his shoes . candidate d n p y , v f c g In 1 69 9 a petition from Chippenham was presented ’ fo r . against o ne o f the M . P s corruption and bribery Several witnesses thus te stiﬁed on oat h

I was promise d t wo g uin eas if I w oul d do my best to

et t e I m e I e of th e t wo g a vo ; did y b st, but h ard nothing ” g uin eas .

T h e ag ent suddenly offere d to le nd me ﬁfty pounds .

He e m e m 2 0 el I di d not want to borro w . th n pro is d e bush s

I e e o t . o f wheat . n v r g it

f e I w as forbidde n to ﬁsh in c ertain waters . Just be or ” the election I was told I might ﬁs h where I pleased . B E 1 MEM E RS o r PARLIAM NT . 7

A silv er tobacco - box was give n m e w ith hope s I might ” ﬁnd it us eful .

w as l a w I am a shoemak er . I to d th t they ante d a

l e e and th e e m k e shoe mak er very bad y on th ir sid , ﬁrst sho a r that offere d should have no n eed to mak e any mor e shoe s as ” long as h e live d . “ k l l h h An ag e nt as e d g oody Sery to se l er hous e . S e

em rre w e h e e fo r me ale and e a e w as d u d, h n s nt out so , b c us it n ot strong e nough h e mix e d brandy w ith it ; o f which whe n

h ame k e f e el h e k th e k e o f t he e t e d had parta n r y, too y hous fr m h er l k e th e k e e e e o , and oc d door, and has pt poss ssion v r ” e sinc ,

M a e B e sh e ot w h a e arg r t urg ss said g , do n in and, nic

d e for e s elf a w fo r h er . Be e r ss h r . and aistcoat husband sid s , if h r w l e th e wa e e was e e e husband ou d vot right y, th r b sid s

el o f w e fo r h er o f n e w e e e fo r a bush h at , and a pair br ch s ” Ma e was al l e th e w Master . st r said it tru about aist

’ h ee n o f th e ee e a e . co t, but had nt s n anythi g br ch s

After one e lection the following bill was pre sented by h dl o f t e Inn. the lan ord the White Hart, then principal

8 . d . Election D inner 2 68 0 0 Beer and Porte r 1 8 1 1 0 1 2 1 doz . Cider at 8/ 1 8 1 8 0 42 2 1 30doz . Port Wine at / 7 3 0 0 4 2 doz . Lisbon at 42 / 58 0 0

1 5 doz . She rry at 63/ 45 0 0

B &c. fo r 45 randy, Rum, Punch 0 0

P e o f b e e e e oss ssion a urg ag hous g av a vot , thoug h occupie d l one da o e on y for y ; an th r account says three days . ' 72 m e ro ux o r CH IPPE NH An .

Glass broke China broke Plates and dishes broke Knives and forks lost 5 D oor keepers meat and C W 81 0. ooks, aiters, S l ’ Mr . a way s bill

F f f B our days a ter ollowed the all and Supper, and ’

b . the landlord s bill, at a out the same amount

In 1 7 41 Sir Robert Walpole had rais ed against his Ministry a powerful phalanx o f noblemen and gentle

C r men , called the ount y Party . The Hanoverian and Jacobite factions then shook

B f m a Great ritain ro sea to sea, and every little vill ge

was convulsed with political strife . There was a con tested election in Chippenham ; the Government candi t W Al da es (supporting Sir Robert alpole), were exander

Hume and John Frederick . Those o f the Country Party were Sir Edmund Thomas and Edward B aynton f . A y o B Rolt nthon Guy, the oldest the urgesses o f

S ff e the town , was then High heri , and exercis d weighty

inﬂuence ; he supported the Government . The partisans o f Thomas and Rolt con ceived and executed a daring

u sche me for getting Guy o t o f the way . The Under

ff m o f Sheri , through illness , had neglected to ake return

o f a writ, and under pretence an attachment, they ar MEMB E RS o r PARLIAME NT . 7 3

ff e f him rested the Sheri hims l , and kept in custody at

h e in o ne o f t Inns Chippenham all night, though he

ff for . o ered bail his release Next morning , at

o f ohu A o f the instigation J Norris, dam Tuck Langley B d in urrell, (who built and live the present Rectory

th e o f m House) and with connivance Willia Johnson,

B ff him o ff D the aili , they hurried to evizes, where they held guard over him till the Chippenham election was

wo n C o ver . The election was by the ountry Party by On a majority o f o ne vote only . a petition against the return it was tried before a Committee o f t he whole

o f C House . The name hippenham now rang through o ut t he laud . It was well known that o n the issue o f the Chippenham Petition depended the fate of a minister who had been in power fourteen years ; and each party put forth its utmost strength . Walpole was defeated b 1 6 y votes, and declared he would never sit in the house again .

1 7 80 . D a About , Mr awkins, a we lthy West Indian

Merchant, bought up burgage houses at ten times their f f value, and urious struggles ollowed which were carried o n for twenty years,

wi th e m feel o f a i th ost rancourous ing s p rty spir t, and party hatre d ; w e have seen t he most vindictive pas sions o f t he human mind raise d and forced into action by election

Ho w m e e e e mel conte sts . any did th s cont sts s nd to an unti y e nd ! Ho w many me n did they ruin in their relig ion and m al in e mm e l ts w le h or conduct, and th ir co rcia pursui , hi t e t o wn was declining in its mark ets and trade ! 7 4 HI STORY o r CH IPP E NHAM .

o f C That to wnsman hippenham , who thus com mented on o f f the sad condition social li e , continues to say in pathetic language “ It was e of me l m l and l l low in this stat nta , ora , po itica nes h t e t h e ed w e emed ll e l s t at wo e v n s app n , hich s ﬁna y to s a

the m o f k e t e e a le f e . doo its sun n s at , and to ﬁx its irr voc b at

T he th e fa l e o f o w m w e e ff one, i ur a t ns an , hos p cuniary a airs w e s e e e who had k e m e re va t and xt nd d , and ta n a ost activ

n e e —the e e e o ne of m e e part i thes cont sts oth r v nt, uch g r at r i o f th e s le o f th e e e h lf of the e mportance , that a b tt r a burgag ” ho uses to o ne owner . — T hus exclai ms the indignant patriot

de e w l k e l e wi Our poor grad d to n , i a s av bound th ” c a was l th e i e e . a h in , so d to h gh st bidd r

B ut - h e adds at last in a triumphant strain

T he ills w e feared and anticipated passed away in a most e xtraordinary mann er ; and th e purchas e o f t he bo roug h was brok en in pieces by t he passing of the Great Reform

B ll w me l k e th e Ge o f L e e to e f ee i , hich ca i nius ib rty to r s r r ” dom th e e and e . to captiv , burst his bonds asund r

’ f C f The names o f M . P s or hippenham rom the Imperial Parliament o f 1 801 are as follows 1 801 — Hudyer 1 807 —Maitland Dawkins D awkins 1 81 2 — 1 802 —Dawkins 322k i Ma tland (Afterwards Sir Ro bert) S S— 1 806— I I Miles Maitland B f Dawkins land ord

7 6 HIBT O av o r e HIPPE NHAx .

ve B e f. twel urgesses, were nominated by the Queen h rsel Immediately after their election they proceeded with ” the consent of the Chief Co mmons to make Ordinances and D ecrees

for e uer more to b e deulye observed and tho roughlye ' k epte to th e advancem o f th e glorye o f Go d the utilitys ‘ o th e l e weal ornam f pub iq u .

If B ff f s a aili re use to deliver his account , he shall be ﬁned £40 If an inhabitant refuse to assist the h B ff e f . aili in maintaining order, shall lose his reedom If any person shall disse ver himselffrom the politic head , he shall exercise no trade in the borough , and be “ ﬁned o r imprisoned . N0 person shall admit fo reyn ”

o r o f B l ff. ers, receive apprentices, without leave the ai i Every householder shall help to repair the B utts at ’

. S . An the Ivy , and in St Mary s treet y baker selling false weight of bread shall for the ﬁrst offence 4 3 8 . d . f r 68 . d be ﬁned ; o the second 8 . fo r the third subibit j udicium Pilliorce (shall be punished in the “ ” f s . No pillory), and no or yne bread shall be sold “ ” Tipler (retail dealer) shall set up tipling without license ; ale shall b e sold at a penny a gallon ; and shall be examined by the ale taster . Every inhabitant shall

s ll m f have in his hou e a club, and sha co e orth with the same when need shall require ; and all pe rsons drawing i a weapon to str ke a townsman, or who shall call him by n an opprobrious name , shall be punished in the ope An u stocks . y butcher, baker, brewer, po lterer, cook,

s m o r f who not to e co ter onger, ruiterer, shall conspire s ll B AILIFFS . 7 7

v s f f £ 1 0 or ff ictual but at certain prices, shall or eit , su er

i m d o n impr son ent twenty ays bread and water . Every f l 8 householder shall rom May st to Sep . th set at his door a barrel o r pail continually full o f water (in case o f o f t d ﬁre, the houses being built wood and tha che ,

for l ff and iron crooks were provided pul ing o the thatch). If any burgess be have contemptuously to the

B i iff o r o r a l , call him knave, such like , he shall be ’ debarred all beneﬁt o f the borough lands . Searchers o f o f leather shall be appointed to make a trial shoes, and to se e that all manner o f leather b e sufﬁciently

d eds ' 0 man l tanned , wrought, and y l N without specia

e s k or l or o r s lic n e shall ill, sel , dress, eat any ﬂe h in the time o f Lent ; No inhabitant shall divide his te nement into diverse portions . The Bailiff was sworn to bear true allegiance to

to e s the Sovereign , keep p ace, and minister ju tice , sparing none fo r favour ; to observe the assize of bread ;

Householde rs w ere again and ag ain disfra nchiz ed and de “ barre d on being co nvicted for opp r obrious words sp oken ag ainst the ' B aili and atern it b callin them Knaves and ther scwrri lous ﬂ fr y y g , o ” la/nguag e.

2 6 O 1 605 e e we e e e t h e e 1 ct, , nin pairs of sho s r s iz d in op n “ b th e Se r e w s a on that the s aid s hoes are Fair y a ch rs . hich y oath mad e p art of calf s lea ther wherefore all are forfeited accord/ing to the ” Statute.

Act of P rl me was as e A . D . 1 569 e u e th I An a ia nt p s d , to nco rag e i e e e e er e e d S u e F sh ri s, r quiring that v y W dn s ay and at rday in L nt e i and no m e o f fl e b e e e shoul d b e k pt as F sh Days, ann r sh at n and t h e p enal ty o f disobedience was £ 3 fo r e ach offe nce ; b ut sick and h we akly persons mig ht obt ain a disp ensation . T e Jury impanell ed — e — n e th e law sa 1 606 A . l t T homas and Ro bert B aker to e forc y p , ' ve sold esh this Lent amd this mornin o ered or sale butchers, ha fl , g fl f in ” a d mutt on their s hop veal n . 7 8 H I STORY o r OHIPPE NHAM.

n of B to maintai the liberties the orough , keep true “ accounts ; and all other things which appertain to your o ice ou shall well and aith ull e execute so user ﬁ y f f y , e as God ” shall give you grace. A Burgess o r freeman was charged Y ou shall a aith ul and true B ur ess be to this B orou he willin l c f f g g , g y o be and assiste our B a l e not disclose his secre y y y iﬁ , ts, " mayntayne all lawful franchises and behave yourself as a faithful member to the uttermoste of your p ower - So help s you God in his p romise oonteyned in His most holye

' s o f B ailiﬂs fe The li t and Mayors is per ct, (with the

o f f 1 554 exception thirteen unrecorded names), rom to

3 re f 1 89 ; they a three hundred and ﬁ ty one in number .

B ff e . One aili was a cl rgyman , the Revd Richard

1 800. Weaver, in Af 1 661 B ff ter an Election in , the aili made a double

o f f return Members, Edward Hunger ord and Henry

e F B aynton , and Hugh Sp ke and rancis Gwyn . The House o f Commons voted that the election was void “ ‘ by sinful miscarriage of the B ailiﬂ herein ; and that the Sp eaker be desired to issue his warrant to the Clerk of the

Crown that he do send the Serj eant- at- A rms to take the

‘ ail into custod and brin him u to answer hi B iﬁ y, g p s ” i be e the C mmit ee insolent carr age for o t .

OUT RA G E o us HO SE . It is almost beyond belief to what absurd extravagancies o f dress gentlemen went in

T e e w e e B e e and Pe B u e e ll e h h r r Hig h urg ss s, tit rg ss s ca d t e Commons these las t possessed some powers apart from t h e Corporation . 7 9 B AI LIFF S . the days o f Queen Elizabeth They wore TRU N K

S E o r ff HO short breeches, stu ed with horsehair like wool

ff or sacks ; the outer materials were silk ta eta, other rich ff stu , worked in gold and silver thread , laced and ul slashed, and pinked , and pointed ; and to such ridic ous f V n excess had the ashion run , that the irgin Quee , early m in her reign , launched her Procla ation to restrain the ’ exuberant enl argement o f gentlemen s costume . All tailors were bound over by the Magistrates to obey the law under a penalty o f £2 0; the bonds o f the seven tailors of Chippenham in the B orough chest show that they entered into the due recognizances .

“e T he Queu es Maj by Her Highn ess proclamaco n for Reformaco n of the m onstruous outragions g reatne ss of 'in hosen forb yds all T aylors w h er Realmes to mak e any hose n ‘ o f th e sayd outragions g reat nes y no t aylo ur put into t he

' s e o f o f e 1 o f s t uﬁ e out id any pair hos n but 4 yard , and in

m s 1 r fo r th e lle t e fo r co pa s but yard and éq ta s p rson . and

e of le t e le e and mo e l n p rsons ss s atur to put ss , to put no r y

' ing e but o ne lyning o f line n and o ne other lyning o f s t uﬂ e w u t wi He r Hi h nes dom n o ns Ma 6 ro g h thin g y y , y ,

F eb . 2 7 1 7 5 6 f , , the ollowing statute condemned a m cruel , but ancient a usement .

T he Custom of T hrowing at Cock s o n Shrove T ue s days be ing in itself a most barbarous Practice and not only i e w th e l w of Go d and man ea l nconsist nt ith a s both , but g r t y

e the r u of le o f m t nds to t aining p youth in princip s inhu anity , and must give offence to e very g ood Christian w ho considers th e animal w orld wa s made for his u se and not abuse we 80 m sr o s r r C IP PB N o H HAH .

e ha e wi B h ll T w Pelt ord r t t no p rson thin this oroug h s a hro , ,

S u l S an C k Hen P ulle C k q ai or hoot at y oc , , t, or hic , or any

e ere d F wl o f k w le l e . e l F ath o any ind hi iving , und r a p na ty o f

T H E PILLO EY . The Pillory stood near th e gates o f the Churchyard ; probably close to it was

T H E W Po sr HIPPING , as there is an entry among

D . 1 t he Church accounts o f A . 67 7

th e t w k e th e C u a d. For pos , and or don at h rch h tch 8 In the Borough books are these memoranda o f ex ’ penses incurred in the endeavour to improve public behavio ur

9 . d .

A. . a iii ell t o m k e od D 1 59 8 . For canv s j s a a go w shirt, and hip For whipping rog ue s and mak ing a shirt 0 4

1 the w ll 1 676. For hipping post and pi ory 5 0 “ It were well if the uns paring use of t he whip and t he w th e ff shirt ere revived in these days, as most e ect ive and wholesome punishment o f brut al and cowardly ruﬂi ans o f t n , especially those guilty criminal assaul s o ’ children . The cat 0 nine tails is the only executive these sco undrels fear ; and it ought to be administered with the extremest severity that the body can endur e d o f uring a long period penal imprisonment.

m h It see s that t e Church and To wn divided th e cost of th e re i of t h e P ll for we e in w d ’ pa rs i ory, r ad a Church ar en s B ook (1 667) 3 ( Paid for stone and work at th e pillory I 2 l; t ead t h e ill - : at p ory u c haul ing sto ne from Hazleb ury for th e pill ory c c iron us ed about t h e pillory e 1 B AILIPr s .

It is likely that another ancient instrumentality for

f h o f B ft the correction o t e rogues the orough , o en men ” f T H E KS was far f tio ned by the name o STOC , not rom

o f ll the corner terrors, where stood the Pi ory and

B o r B e Whipping Post . The orough Gaol , lind Hous , was under the Town Hall ; it was o f service not onl y as

fo r o f for the prison the delinquents the town, but other ” f f — e of sir iratts in custod classes o male actors w read p y, here .

In 1 7 84 The B O E O U G H LAN D S were measured and

and f 1 41 —so 7 5 mapped , ound to contain 5 acres that acres had been sold o r lost since the Charter was grante d and no Minutes in the books o f the B orough evidence how o r when they passed o ut o f the hands o f the Corpor

u m ation . B t from documents a ong vast heaps o f

f a n Hunger ord M S S , it is pretty cert i that young Lord Hungerford after he succeeded to the inh eritance o f his f 1 555 a athers in , m de strenuous endeavours to regain also that part o f Chippenham Hundred which had been alienated by Queen Mary ; and though the Corporation resisted the aggression , and (as it appears)won an early

a n o f suit, yet, as the we lth and i ﬂuence all the Hunger f th e f C n ords, then most potent amily in the ou ty, were

a arrayed ag inst them, it is likely they made early peace w b ith their mighty neighbour across the river, and y

o r f l sale compromise, (or rom legal compu s ion) sur 82 H ST R o r E I O Y CHIPP NHAM. rendered to him his patrimonial property o f Rowden C . n A . D . 1 603 Down and the coppices ertai it is that in , a Hungerford was a Chippenham M. P. so in 1 62 0 and Sir Edward Hungerford re prese nted th e B orough through

f . o 1 0. all the years the Commonwealth to A D . 68 In 1 604 (and often afterwards) the Town propitiated their Members and friends by the present of a Sugar

L f 1 0lb s : 2 e o ur oa , weighing at / a lb, qual in money

8 F m M. P. to / Sir rancis Popha , , a generous bene

f C f o f actor to hippenham, o ten received presents Sugar, B o f £ 1 2 . with pottles Sack , and a Horse that cost ishop B urnet was complimented w ith a gift o f sugar and 1 9 wine while he sojourned in the town in 68 .

T HE T O WN

A o f 1 7 00 o r bout the middle a little earlier, the

London Road was brought through the town, paralle l t o the Causeway ; before t hat time the London coaches

’

St . drove by the White Hart Inn along Mary s Street .

A . D . 1 7 84 B o n , a orough and Town Map, a large

u scale , was drawn by John Powell , land s rveyor . The STR E E T S at that time were

’ High Street Lord s Lan e Market Place Causeway Middle Street Joseph ’ s Lane ’ New Lane St . Mary s Street Timber Street Cook Street

l 1 1b . e l t o T ea was e £ £4 . th n so d at a , qua

84 H I STORY OF OHIPPE NHAM.

A house in the High Street presents a richly orna

f ih C n o f mental rontage a pure, orinthia style archi te cture : this ﬁne fagade formed the central elevation

f on B l o f o a large house owden Hill, the external wal s C which only were built . It was removed to hippenham

to e about 1 50years ago . It is said have been design d

o r o ne o f . by Inigo Jones, his pupils Th e gabled roofs and dormer windows o f many o f the houses in the town carry back the date o f their

to of l . erection the reign Queen E izabeth , and earlier T here was about 2 0 years ago an old house standing

lose o the A n el Inn which rom time immemo l h c t g , , f ria , ad been denominated T HE E and was su osed to ha e PALAC , pp v cons tituted a part of the residence bequeathed by A lfred to his dau hter but its massive walls and he g ; , avy p ointed arch indicated a much later cons truction than the Savon

We con ec ure there p eriod. j t fore that it was built in

Norman times on the site which the Palace occu ied p . — J OHN B E NT 1 1 41 ON 8 .

Sheldon Manor Ho use stands on the side o f a hill

c m e o s C om anding an ext nsive view t ward hippenham .

Gascel ns of It was built by the y , lords the Manor 1 300 f cir. A . D . The porch is lo ty and massive, sup

o o f f ported by heavy, hands me buttresses ; the r o is ormed

f o o f t to o s lid intersecting arches s one, serving support

o f the stone ﬂoor the domestic chapel above, which has

a ﬁne timbered roof. This noble porch belonged to a

ns F - u much larger ma ion than the present arm Ho se,

f o f which dates only rom the time Elizabeth , and was

buil t by the Hungerfords . 5 TOWN . 8

f C o f Eastward o the House is the hapel the estate ,

i f . desecrated , but l ttle injured in abric The east arch

s is traceable, and in the north and south wall are two

D e s o f f ecorated windows, very g m beauty, cinque oiled , i with the cusps o f the arcs st ll sharp and perfect .

At o C d a moderate c st this hapel might be recovere ,

- d t to G o d if and re de ica ed , so as to supply a Service, (

o n o n - for use not Sundays, at least some week day), the o f f for t the near arms, and the cot ages in the scat tared hamlet of Sheldon . Aubrey refers t o Fo wlswick as anancient howse with a fair mote about the date o f 1 67 9 o n the present

C . : hous e shows that it was built temp . harles II a huge c 1 0f ﬁre pla e , eet wide, surmounted by a ponderous chim

of f m of and ney, speaks a or er mansion great size i e . e w str ngth It was prot cted by a de deep moat,

i o f ( st ll remaining), which enclosed a homestead three

Man f . acres . v coins have be en ound here The present Vicarage Hous e o f Chippenham was some

o f F . time the residence the Rogers amily Their arms ,

3 s ta s o n - i g , are cut a stone shield nserted in the south wall o f the garden . The house passed from the

Rogers to the Hollands .

who d m Rogers Holland, live there any years, was m m 2 1 MP. f r f 7 1 7 4 . o C 1 7 to was a hippenha ro , when he p

of of C M pointed Judge the counties arnarvon, erioneth,

A . A 1 802 e and nglesey bout it was occupi d by Mrs .

fo o f t he of f Hunger rd, the widow last that amily. In 1 82 6 it was conveyed to the b eneﬁce in exchange for the 86 HI STORY o r CHIPP E NHAM . o ld Vicarage House now standing on the south o f the

Churchyard .

T H E TOWN PU MP . An antiquated building stood over a large ancie nt well in the rising ground o n the

o f t h e m highest part Market Place, imme orially known

o n as the Town Pump , which bore the pediment the

m o f f o n ar s Sir Edward Hunger ord , and the roundel this inscription

E E D B Y SIR D D HU NO RRP ORD ER CT E WA R ,

F o r many generations this Well was the only source within the Borough from which the inhabitants obtained

e u a e ls wat r ; but as the pop l tion increas d, and other wel

e f ui were dug, it was n glected, and ell into r n . It

s o f belonged, (as sunk in the wa te the Market Place),

to o f . 1 7 66 f the lord the Manor In , it was held rom M . P. o f o nsuch B o n William Norris , N House , romham,

Ea ott . c lease , by T , but was then closed and useless .

1 7 68 o f £ 1 6 1 0s . to Eaco tt for In , in consideration paid

o f o f f the surrender his lease, and an annual rent o f l 6d . to o 7 s . the lord the Manor, the We l, and the

u th e . A ground aro nd it, were assigned to Town space m was railed in , and a new, strong pu p was made, but it could be used only by those who paid fo r the water

o f t f . except in case ﬁre, when wa er was ree It had often been proposed to bring the wate rs o f Lo ck swell Spring into Chippenham ; it was afﬁrmed that it would furnish a daily supply o f gallons o f most salubrious water as its source was at the to p of W TO N . 87

in Nethermore 1 2 0f C a hill , eet higher than hippenham , '

s no mechanical pressure would be nece sary, but by natural gravitating power it would ﬂo w over all the ’ et d eau f f town , and could throw a j rom a ountain in the

e e f Mark t Place as high as the spir o the Parish Church . W T H E TO N W E LL . O wing to the circumstance that Chippenham had been for years visited by typhoid fever and other dange rous epidemics which at last settled upon th e and town could not be dislodged, and caused many

m e o f la entable deaths, it was suspect d that the water the

lls on o f m we was not pure , and test many it beca e evi dent that they were to an alarming degree contaminate d

f diﬂi cult with sewage , which ound no y in percolating the porous rock o n which Chippenham lay . In 1 87 2 wate r was taken from the Avon above its — — junction with t he Marden from the Marden from the

F — f m Lock swell oundry Well and ro Spring, and a sam ple o f each was subjected t o severe examination by

T he e e eminent analysts . tests appli d r vealed these — facts that the waters Of the two rive rs were identical

e e o f c in charact r, and contain d so much deposit organi

fo r k matter that they would be dangerous drin ing, unless they we re ﬁltrat ed with scientiﬁc care over de ep beds o f

e o f F was gravel that the wat r the oundry Well hard , but in all other respects good and wholesome but that o f all the waters submitte d to analysis those o f

Lo ck s ell e fe w were unqu stionably the best, per ctly

e f fo r pure and wholesome , cl ar and so t, and ﬁt every — domestic use there was therefore no doubt what 88 HI STORY OF OHIPP E NHAM . ever about the selection o f the Lock swell water for

Chippenham . This water is not given o ut (as was supposed)by the

e t he C Lower Gr ensand, but by Lower alcareous Grit, an

o f f arenaceous deposit variable thickness, orming the

o f the C t base oralline Ooli e , and running along between

C f C . the oral Rag and Ox ord lay, on which it rests The

C for alcareous Grit serves as a storage water, but as a — rule gives o ut only small springs t he Oxford Clay is

ff a o n re re sti and imperme ble and rests Sandstones, p

i no sent ng Kellaways Rock, which is worthy reservoir f o wate r .

Lock swell f 1 87 3 Spring was care ully gauged in , and f to o f 46 ound then ﬂow at the rate gallons a minute , l : that is, it rendered ga s . a day but it was under stood that in very dry weather the quantity to be de

. d pended o u would not exceed gals a ay . This would not be nearly sufﬁcient fo r the population o f Chippenham ; nor would the smaller springs in

B Lock swell Nethermore and owden Hill , united with , be o f any appreciable service . 1 1 The population o f Chippenham in 87 was 52 02 . The Gov ernment required 1 5 gallons of water a day for

t f . f d every inhabi ant, including in ants There ore the aily supply of water fo r the town o fChippenham must exceed — gals . and provision ought to be made for a probable increase in the population . Thus all hope of making use o f the Lo ck swell water the merits o f which the monks of Stanley knew so 89 TOWN .

so 650 a o well and valued much that, years g , they had it c A o f onveyed to their bbey , a distance three miles

h few far - e that spring upon whic a se ing, thinking men o f Chippenham had looked for ge nerations with a long ing eye as the special gift o fG OD fo r the health o f their

t C o f C na ive town , and which the orporation hippenham o ught to have secured centuries ago at any cost was necessarily and absolutely abandoned . The Corporation ( 1 87 3) wisely determined to sink a m well o n their own land . Upon the advice o f an e inent A f geologist a site was chosen in West Mead . sha t w as sunk . It passed through the strata predicted . f in in t Water was ound the Greater Oolite, and abundan m f volu e . This water is a little hard , (as the sha t did F ’ f not reach the uller s Earth , which supplies the so test

o f e water), but it is exc llent quality , pure, clear, well a f no t erated, and ﬂows rom a deep and constant source, s ubject to local inﬂuences .

T H E C C SS . C o f RO The Market ross hippenham , ( probably o f the same character and proportions as those handsome ecclesiastical memorials yet existing at Malmes bury and Castle Combe) which by its silent teaching warned the buyers and sellers to remember GOD in the

f t o B Market , is thus re erred in the orough Minutes

A . D . 1 658 fo r m e t h e C e 2 a k nding ross , and s c s ” Of l m fo r th y e e Crosse .

m It is entioned also in an indenture by Sir Ed .

f s Hunger ord, who lea es 9 0 S R O F E M HI TO Y CHIPP N HA .

f A D . 1 6 3 a el O s th e e . 8 parc g round on north ast

e of th e B e C e in C e m e the sid utt r ross hipp nha , and n ar sayd B utter Cross e

Here A e o f C (John ubr y says Kington ross),

in those da s was a market or sh e s butter and y f ﬁ , gg , , ” s s uch mall g ear .

f C C . f o ORN Lying at the oot the halk downs, which

e o f h e C produc ﬁne crops w at and barley, hippenham was once famous fo r its large Corn Market . The colliers from th e Some rset mines used to bring up coal in sacks o n e e and packhors s and mul s, and load back with corn m . e o f cloth This was al ost the only mod conveyance, and the number o f these beasts o f burden was amazingly

T h e f B n large . dealers rom ristol carried o an active

C W e trade with hippenham in heat and oats and barl y, until the farmers began to take samples o f their corn to

B ristol Market in bags whence they were nick - named ” “ ” B a ers o r m B ad ers gg , more com only g , and the

e f C wes te rn deale rs in a great degr e orsook hippenham . The contentions betwe en the Wiltshire Corn Merchants ” and the Bristol Badgers gave the Justices o f Petty

' e m Sessions and the Bailiﬂs o f Chipp nha much trouble . Notices o f these unwelcome visitors often occur

“ in B r k e . 1 2 2 s ta e e e A D . 6 For y g adg s and ping a note o f the ir name s . For re straining Badg ers coming to th e Mark ette here to ” e ng rosse corn .

E M 9 2 HI STORY o r OHIPP NHA .

1 3 property nor life was safe . In 8 8 the weavers were in great distress : o ut Of 86 m en who depended on the

for o 3 1 trade their livelih od , only were at work, and

r r . 2 their earnings we e only on an ave age 8S 5d. a week .

e TOKE N S . Tokens were used by nearly very trades

rt e the man as adve isements, but w re only payable at m s . e shop whence they were i sued So e were Penny, som

f m F e s . Of C Hal penny, so e arthing Tok n hippenham

z Tokens nine are in the Museum at Devi es, and are all

o f the third value .

1 A D Y E . . WI LL Mercer

1 665 . Reverse In Chippenham .

JOHN ED WARD S .

1 665 . Of Chippenham . Linen Drape r

SAMVELL ELLIOT E . Two swords crossed and a Carbine

666. Of Chippenham . 1 ’ f. S AMV E LL GAG E . o Tallow Chandlers Arms

1 5 . Chippenham . 6 3

MA A JOHN B ROR N . Wool Comb

1 67 1 . In Chippenham . ’ HE N RY LAMB E RT . In . Mercers Arms

Chippenham . Mercer .

B RI STOW PLA CE .

1 6 5 . Chippenham . 6 ’ JOH N S HOET E . Chandlers Arms

In Chippenham . f JOH N STE V E N S . O .

1 632 . Chippenham .

9 4 HI STORY o r CHI PP E NHAM .

“ 1 s ned . 5 In A D . 7 8 reate to , it is mentioned as a g brid e conte nin xv arches f g y g it was twenty eet wide, but

s to n was seem have bee so weak and shattered , that it no t considered safe even fo r packhorses . Wheeled vehi cles never used it ; and the heavy coaches and waggons

f B to n Fo h amshire rom ath London tur ed down g Lane,

Co ckleb ur went up Monkton Hill through y, and crossed the river either at the Old o r the New Ford . In 1 605 the B ridge was in great decay in 1 61 5 two arches and piers fell into the water ; and as the cost o f repairs

n £ 1 00 on amou ted to nearly , and as a rate laid all the inhabitants could verye h ardl ye b e brought to pas se and of some never to b e hoped for by reason o f their inhab illity e and w e ek e es e m e mainte nance fo r e e t tat , any not g tting y this pr s n lief

the cost was raised upon the Borough lands . So frail and crazy was the aged structure that in the severe winter o f 1 685 it was feared it would be carried

to hel the reat away by the ﬂoods, and men were set p g p ieces of Ice through the A rches of the B ridge in the ” g reat f rosts . It was repeate dly under repair throughout the t eigh eenth century, was strengthened and widened and

n f t o l le gthened rom time time at great cost, til in ” in to la r Mr. e er 1 7 9 6 acco d a n made b the Rev. av g p y W , (afterwards Bailiff) it underwent a substantial restore — — tion and expansion it was widened 30fe et more arches — — were added the pie rs were laid o n massive bases and a symmetrical balustrade and parapet were added . B D E 9 RI G . 5

T he B r e er h me r e idg is a v y andso st uctur , and strik e s e very strang e r as being a g reat ornam ent to the T own ; the ﬁne sweep on th e Bath road de s erve s very hig h comm endation ; and when w e consider its be ing built at th e e e e o f the C no t o f the C w e m xp ns orporation , and ounty, ust allow it to reﬂect cre dit o n th e spirit and ag e wh e n th e im ” proveme nt was made .

T o mee t the heavy charge o f these alterations and extensions the landed property o f the Tow n was mort

of £1 2 00 B con gaged to the amount , and the urgesses siderately agreed that

no more treats b e g ive n on th e election of

‘ ”

B ailiﬂ e e e w e l e e e e . , b ing att nd d ith v ry arg xp ns

H A U E WA I’ T E C S .

Queen Mary granted her Charter

F r u o f I . o the better government and r le the

Borough .

F r o f B II . o the maintenance Two urgesses at

Parliament .

r o f B i III . F o the reparations a certain great r dge

over the River o f Avon .

F or o f o r IV. the reparations a certain bank way ” called a Cawsaye .

F rom the tgme whereof noe man hnowes to the con trary there was and is a certaine cawsey leading from the markett towne of Chipp enham towards the mar/rett towne of 9 6 H I STORY o r C HIPP E NHAM.

’ Calne for all the King s subj ects as well footmen as horse men to goe and ride which conteg neth in leng th 2 miles i n ” o breadth 1 0foot lying in the p arish f Chipp enham. Th is Causeway must have been constructed in the ’ earlie st days o f Chippenh am s existence . The low ﬂat country toward Derry Hill was in ancie nt times so swampy as to be impassable . The little stream called th e w f Pe e , was requently ﬂooding the pathway, and there were continual complaints against the Abbot o f o f Stanley (to whom Pe wsham Forest belonged) that he i e t s . C did not ke p his brook within limits The auseway ,

f o f f there ore , was made , necessity, centuries be ore it is referred to in the Charte r .

u the F It was cut thro gh orest, and was raised so high

e above ﬂood d levels, that it is called a bank and was pitched with stone so as to serve fo r packhorses as well as for foot passenge rs ;fo r this reason the pitching was carrie d to the to p o f D erry Hill . ’ Long after Mary s days it was the only highway from

e o f W e Chippenham into the h art ilts, and it se ms never

w e e to have been ell constructed, as ev r n eding heavy

And e repairs . indeed its reparation was an xpensive ’ if C on work, it cost as much as Maud Heath s auseway

h viz. £400 e . n the nort , a mil No wonder the Quee speaks fe elingly o f th e inhabitants o f Chippenham being g rieviouslg burthened gr driven s;comp elled to besto w great ” costs on their B ridge and Causeway . Until she pro

f fo r e C v ided unds , though very scanty , ke ping the ause

in th e ff o f way order, only voluntary o erings travellers ,

9 8 H xsro ax o r CHIPP E N HAM.

B ut 1 685 f was as late as , an In ormation laid that

th e cawsey w as and is in g reat decay so e that t he ’ King s Subj e cts cannot passe and repass e over the sam e without peril] of their live s and losse o f the ir g oods to th e ’ ” e D m e of the g r at a ag King s subj e cts .

In the course o f years when vehicles began to force a F h C passage through the orest p arallel wit the auseway, it was found necessary to guard the Causeway with

s o f arsen st nes rom the trespass o f wheels .

LA G U T HE P E .

In 1 608 in f , and the three ollowing years, the

Plague raged among the population o f England . At

C f and we in hippenham , airs markets re closed , because t C C m cer ain towns adjoining, as alne and orsha , the pestilence had broken o ut ; and spe cial constables we re “ ” to watch and warde sus ected visitors appointed p , and o n one occasion “ to K eepe one Nicholas Eaton 83 his Wief out of th e T own e upon the speach given forth that they had be n e ” n am ong e infe cted ps o s . Notwithstanding all precautions the mortal malady “ C e 1 61 1 invaded hipp nham at Whitsuntide , , and for 5 months remag ned in the borough in mostfearful manner many ﬂed ; many died the magistrates authori sed col f f lections rom the country round , and the in ected sick — 1 61 1 1 81 w e e e e w e e 1 30we e o f th e r buri d this y ar, h r of r ” hu ch Re is te . plague . C r g r E PLAGU . and distressed were relieved in verg e Christian sorta and — commisaret manner T hankes be given unto G OD for all his mercges 1 636 In , London and other towns were again visited

e o n di o f t h e by the Plagu , and the scovery that some inhabitants o f Chippenham were

v erye neg lig ent in e nt e rt eyning e in thoire House s all sorts o f psns (as well o f the said Citye o f London as else where) Wh ereb ye the said B orough hath b in and is g re at elye e ndaung ere d to b e e infecte d with th e s aide D is ease D id not t he Loans in mercys prserve th e sam e it was ordered that no person

Shall e ntert eyne anye Straung er or Straung ers w e e ll ll le e GOD to w r w f m m n hatso v r, unti it sha p as ithd a ro a o g ” us th e said D isease .

Hardly t o be less dreaded than the Asiatic Plague

m e m was that loathso e and d solating sickness, the S all

fe e o n C of Po x . It ll h avily hippenham in the summer ’“ F M 1 1 . 1 7 In a Sermon preached by Thomas rampton , f C (not Vicar o hippenham , but resident in the town

f V o f o n during the year, and a terwards icar Shrewton , )

1 8 f al Nov . Sunday, , a ter the sickness had abated, he ludes t o the misery and suffering through which they had passed . —“ His text was WH AT R E WA R D S HALL I GIVE

PIET HA IT th e b e Re for e e E l e Y and C R Y, st turn M rci s xp ain d e e in t h e P of i in a S ermon pr ach d arish Church Ch pp enham .

1 . Nov . 1 8 , 1 7 1

B l : P e S l b . B risto rint d and o d y W onny,

R i m 1 1 2 . and . e n e 7 Warn , Chipp nha , 1 00 HI STORY OF CHIPP E N HAM .

U NTO T H E LORD F O R ALL T H E B E N E FIT S THAT HE ”

M R 1 . l B AT H D ON E UNTO ? Psalm 1 6 1 v . “ My design is to put you o f this Place in Mind o f the Blessings you have received in Relation to the D is ’ e rei n d m f temper that lat ly g a ong us, and rom which we ’ are in a gre at Measure deliv er d . In the time Of the late Sickness the last thing we

was F usually heard at Night a uneral Knell, and the First Thing that was commonly told us in the Morning F was the D eath o f some Neighbour o r rie nd . We could barely walk the streets without being a T erro ur to o ur

m o f o ur neighbours, nor could any neighbours do the same without being a T erro ur to us . The country about

e f o ur us would neither stor our Markets, nor requent A Shops . numerous poor lay hard upon us, whom we could hardl y re lieve with out injuring our Families ; nor negle ct without injuring the Faith . ’ f n Now to our com ort tis much otherwise . A d what

B o ur makes the lessing the more Remarkable is, that ’ Afﬂiction was remo v d so soon : In one summer the Visi f i n or . If t at o began , and the most part ended with us ’ continu d e fﬂ it had much longer, how h avy and a icting ” had it been to us .

i o f n He rem nds his audience the torme ting pains, f sad rights, and amazing agonies that overwhelmed them

e f r under the dist mper, how o ten they lost thei sight and f — senses, how their best riends ﬂed to hide themselves and

e f e C now th y are sa ely restored to th ir hurch , their houses, m and families . They must impute the ercy received not to

1 02 OP M HISTORY CHIPP E NHA .

’ et mew to b e e a e if We ma ni y so hat ought said , b c us don t g ﬁe

our O ce k w wh o w ll . If e ef e me l k ﬁ , I no not i th r or so pub ic Ack nowledg ment w as paid to your Minister as a pio us Re

uital him fo r P e P him G D q to his ray rs and ains, and in to O for His Me G e e t ul rcy and oodn ss, I q u s ion not but it wo d be ” e Sweet s mellin acr ice t the L D account d a g S if o OR . V . He advises that as the Parishioners should f t C sancti y their souls by constan attendance at hurch, ul f F so sho d they sancti y their houses with amily Prayer ,

humble adoration , and holy praise ; and redouble their

o and as ou have tasted how ood G OD is j y and love, y g , ” m r lest worse hi — sin no o e a t ng happen to you. VI. He bids the public authorities amend some practices o f pub m lic injustice . There was a loud co plaint that the poor — o f the town were defrauded and such complaints do

o f G O D pierce the ear , and it might be that the Small Pox was a judgment from Him—and the reason why corn was not now brought to Chippenham Market (as in former days)might be that the market was forestalled

e and the poor were robbed in price , w ight, and measure .

He also urges upon private persons, especially those

G O D had to whom saved in their distress, shew mercies ff t o . the su ering poor, and lessen their miseries

As fo r VII. there was no provision in the town the

of i general education the ch ldren , he thinks it would be a furthe r proof o f their gratitude if they would imme — diately establish Free Charity Schools and then con cludes in the following caustic words

“ FOR YOU R INT E RE ST Y OU OO O E T T o S UPPORT 3 PLAGU E . 1 0

S ESI A ND LE T ME AD D E OE C E D . THI D GN , YOUR R IT

ILL THING S HAVE B E E N S POK E N OF Y OU . I WI S H ’ B Y SU CH ' G OOD ACTION S YOU D S H E W THAT Y OU D E

S E RV E IT NOT . ’ Fram ton s f on uns m a Mr . p recommendation ell y p

: for o f e o f thetic ears , with the sole exception a b quest V ! ff f the icar, no e ort was made to ound a National School

u 1 82 4 : . V to ntil and when Mr Short, the icar, applied

C f r ni the orporation o a subscription, they una mously declined .

H L T HE S C 00 .

il 2 8th 1 661 Richard Scott, by his w l, dated May, , directed that

Whensoe ver a School shall b e ere cte d and main ’ t ained m u e C k e S ee ll b e e fo r th , y ho s in oo s tr t sha g iv n e f eme o f th e S lm e b urther e ncourag nt choo ast r, and e applie d B f to that use by th e Bailiff and urg e sse s or e ver .

Wo odruffe o f C m William , hippenha , gave by will,

1 664 B ff o f to ( )to the aili the town , and the Minister of

C o f £5 to the hurch , an annuity be paid to a School master for teaching Ten poor boys : this sum to be paid o ut o f the Ivy property o n the production o f a certi

R b e of e h m m e m 1 04s o rt Cock, Vicar Chipp n a at this ti (fro 7 to 1 7 1 6) l eft b y will £ 50 ( which was all that he ha d) fo r te aching poor l e e m t h e wl e e g ir s to r ad, and instructing th in kno dg and practice of l A ﬁ l f 2 e o a . ro o . a t h e Christian re ig ion . d c 3 t Hardenhuish w as e w i le t h e e of w ill l purchas d ith th s g acy, r nt hich is st app ied as t h e donor wished . 1 04 H S R OP E I TO Y CHIPP NHAM .

ﬁcate from the Vicar and B ailiff that the boys are duly educated . Upon the payment o f this bequest the house given by

Richard Scott was occupied and used as a Free School . in C It was kept repair by the orporation, and the Master

f e - e . o paid no r nt It consisted a larg school room , and ’ B ﬁve other rooms ; there was no garden . ut it appears t h e m f pre ises had not yet been legally trans erred, and in the course o f Sixty years had become ruinous .

B 2 7 th o f D e . 1 7 33 w y indenture, dated or , bet een Richard Scott (great grandson o f the above ) and the

B ff B e e o f B e aili and urg ss s the orough , it was r cited that a S chool had been erected and maintenance given . There f e or con rmin the charit ore Richard Scott, the young r, f ﬁ g able benevolence o his ancestor B ff f , conveyed to the aili and B e e fo r e urg ss s, and their successors ev r, the decayed

e e C e w o f t nem nt in ook Street, ith the plot ground on

e m m which it stood, that the pr ises and rents ight be

’ applied according to his great - grand - fathe r s will ; and

m f £2 0fo r e gave also hi sel the r pairs o f the house .

e e f t . B o f Ten Pounds w r le by Mrs Mary ridges,

C m fo r th e o f F 1 7 64 hippenha , use the ree School, in ,

e o f £5 e B ff which , with int rest , wer paid to the aili , who

fo r m f e 1 5 engaged , hi sel and succ ssors, to pay shillings a year to t he Master o f the School fo r teaching two poor ’ T he w F boys on the Bailiff s nomination . t elve ree boys

f r . Is . o paid a year each ﬁres, pens, and ink

“ T h e S l ell b e e fo r me was e e choo f into a yanc a ti , and Op n d r 2 4 b w b e e n o f £ 1 0 er a nn in l 1 7 1 3 fo . ag ain Apri , , oys , ith a n factio p ” P e o arit S choo ls 1 7 1 3 . in land . es ent S ta t Ch r f y ,

1 06 HI STO RY OF OHIPP E N HA M.

Woodman expressed himse lf to Henry B aker in these words — You are brave blades at Chippenh am you made — bonﬁre s lately fo r beating th e D utch but since you delight in bonﬁre s you shall have your bellie s full o f — them ere it b e long and if you live a w eek long er you shall see London as sad a London as e ver it w as ” since the world b eg an .

This discourse was not taken much notice o f at the

C o f w as time, but when the ity London burnt, the said Henry Baker gave information to the said William

Es r . o ut Duckett, q , who thereupon issued his warrant to apprehend the said John Woodman ; but h e had f o f e . ﬂed the country, and could not be heard a t rwards

S o f This story is portentous, and casts the hadow a

M ut ation o n o o f C m es eci dark p the hist ry hippenha , p “ ally as the brave blades of the town were so fond of

r s And bonﬁ e . the alarming suspicion that Chippe n ham people had something to do with th e Fire o f London

is strangely aggravated , and conﬁrmed , by an astound ing entry in the B orough Records — T his ye ar t he T o wn Mill was burnt down and EVERY MEMB ER OF T HE CORPORATION WAS PUT T o HIS OATH THAT HE ” T S ET E T o HAD NO FIR IT. There is the fact—d ismal and ghastly enough—that the brave blades of Chipp enham were so fond of bonﬁres

C o f B B ff that the whole orporation the orough , the aili B f and the Twelve urgesses together, were under the oul imp utat ion o f having set ﬁre to the Town Mill RIO T S . 1 07

F or ages the Town o f Chippenham has been notori

u m o s fo r riotous asse blages o f the populace . Soon after

B e C in the ourth and th the orough r ceived its harter, f ﬁf ” ear o our Sovrai ns Lords and Lad s Phili s and Mar s y f g y p y , certain persons were amerced by the Under Sheriff in

the sum o f £4 3 4 . upon certain riots and unlawful

assemblie s . — 1 630 All usion has bee n made to the disturbance o f the peace which resulted o n the enclosure o f Pewsham

Forest . Even under the stern despotism o f the Common w o f m m ealth we read so e violent co motions, in which the mob attacke d the military .

4 A e e f m h 5 Jan . 1 6 7 noth r pap r ro t e town o f Chip pe nh am re cording a tumultuous rising o f th e people in those parts ; they beat up th e q uarte rs o f dive rs soldi ers under ” Sir T f fell e f e o f th e E e . hos Fair ax, and upon div rs O ﬁc rs xcis About 1 7 2 7 a great company o f those black dis

t urb ers o f i. s . C F the peace ( olliers)came to ord, and here with their hatchets proce ede d to hew down a wooden turnpike gate ; but notice having been given to Master

r l for Roge s Ho land , who sitteth in the Senate the town o f C e m w to l hipp nha , that they ere coming pu l down the

o f to gate within a short distance that place, he took his

m w o f horse , and with his co pany ell provided swords H 1 08 HI STORY OF C X PPE NH AM.

“ e — Rsnder ourselves imme and guns, said to the riot rs y ”

diatel wh o &c. y threw stones, ; but eventually were sent under a goodly guard to the Chief Prison at ” Salisbury .

o f 1 7 40 Sir Robert Long, Draycot, writing, in , about “ C — I am credibl ih some riots in hippenham , says y

‘ formed that the Sheriﬁ unders tanding how dirty and

u thin it is scandalo s a g , does not care to have it tried ”

entlemen & c. by g , 1 3 1 7 65 B ] On March , , a notice with the orough Sea was afﬁxed to the Pillory that

T h e B ail iff and B urg ess e s having maturely considered t h e ill conseq uences from th e late unlawful Riots and as

mb la es o f l wle Mob e a se g consisting a a ss , any p rsons d ring to assemble themselve s in an illegal mann er within 2 miles ” o f th e B oro ugh shall b e prosecuted .

Au . 5 th 1 7 67 C F On g , , two heese actors sued the “ Hundred o f Chippenham at Salisbury Assizes fo r a

o f C e v £60 f f load he se, alue , orcibly taken rom them ’ ” of upon the King s Highway by a company riote rs . f f The verdict was in avour o the plaintiffs .

A village revel used in old - times t o b e kept at Lang ’ ley Fitzurse in the week following St . Peter s Day : it “ A one o the sminsntes t eas ts was , as John ubrey says, f f 1 82 2 r s . in those pa t In , this revel was the occasion o f ” sminentest o ne Of the riots in those parts . So me Of fe nce having been given at the feast t o the villagers by a f C n f o 7 th S . party o lads rom hippenham , the ept thirty

f f e l o r orty men rom the two Langl ys, armed with b ud

1 1 0 S HI TORY O F CHIPP E NHAM .

t and were in saddle night and day, ei her guarding the

o r Off gaols, galloping hither and thither to disperse the n mobs before their numbers became great . Only o e troop o f Lancers could be spared o n service in this neigh b ourho o d e , and they were station d at Trowbridge , ready for e any call , north or south , when they w re suddenly

m f e sum oned to gallop at ull sp ed to Hindon , having received orders from Head Quarters to take no more f h prisoners , (as the gaols were ull), but to ride down wit

u e i o t mercy very man w th a weapon in his hand . The d f Hin on insurgents, in ormidable numbers, attacked t he Lance rs ; thre e o r four o f the assailants were kille d ; hundreds were more or less wounded , many having their ’ hands cut o ff when seizing the horses bridles ; and the march Of destruction was arrested . Meanwhile the storm o f ﬁre and ruin rolled onwards

C m . towards hippenham , as near as Pewsha The Magis trates sat continuously in the Town Hall ; all the able

C e bodied men were enrolled as Special onstabl s, armed

e with the best weapons they could get, and they patroll d

h o f fu t e . streets all night It was a time aw l suspense,

few Of C as those inhabitants hippenham well remember, who are yet alive, and took part in the proceedings . The country mobs were expected to enter the town every

e C m ob n mom nt, and the hippenham was ready to joi

o f f them . The smoke the burning ricks and arm houses at Pewsham could be clearly seen from Chippenham . Some o f the constables had hurried home fo r a moment — to sav farewell to their families when uncertain rumours 1 1 1 M ON . reached the town that a ﬁerce ﬁght had taken place at

e . T h e Hindon , and that the mobs were sev rely punished cry soon ran t o Pewsham T he S oldiers are coming I — the rioters dispersed and Chippenham was saved .

Sir John Neeld and Mr . G oldney (afterwards Sir

B . m e o f Gabriel Goldney, art ) were returned as Me b rs

fo r C o n 1 2 Parliament hippenham Wednesday, July , f 1 865 . The populace showed rom the beginning o f f f o f . L sle the contest much angry eeling in avour Mr y y, f m the unsuccess ul candidate, but re ained tolerably quiet o n o f se t the day election till darkness began to in .

o f 500 m en when a mob some people, , women , and children , assembled in the Market Place, and having

f o f m overpowered the small orce police en , proceeded to m o f s ash the windows the houses, and destroy the property o f th e Conservatives in the town . The T imes

o f ft newspaper the day , a er recording riots in other

o f C places, thus reports hippenham

T h e palm o f barbarism and brutality se ems to have

l l a b ee n res erv ed fo r the itt e gricultural and railway boroug h o f C e m . T he L e l d e i ee efe e hipp nha ib ra candi at hav ng b n d at d, a m ob o f ﬁv e e er em le m hundr d p sons ass b d, and a used them s elve s fo r three hours in de stroying t h e window s and furni T t ure of th e Cons ervatives . h e hous e o f th e rector (Vicar) w as a le w m e o f o wn ass i d ith to bston s torn out his churchyard, and a sick person w ho could not b e remove d from a front room" was prote cte d by his s ervants wh o stood round his b ed hold

Fifty pounds w eig ht Of stones were th rown into this small mb e e of T h b cha r in a quart r an hour . e house s ce ase d to b e ha ita ”

i be me i . t ons , and ca ru ns 1 F 1 2 H ISTORY O OHIPPE NHAM.

’ ff th A e ing up boards to k ee p o e stone s . butch r s shop w as l e e w ell w e k e th e who p und r d as as r c d by patriots , did not f e e o w n me e e in e fu — org t th ir do stic int r sts th ir ry , and to

ell w h ad ee l f e ee l wel e q u this riot, hich b n ong or s n , on y t v

le w e e e e t . Af e all th e m ef w as e constab s r pr s n t r ischi don , a de tachment o f G uards w as te leg raphe d for from Windsor ; t wo hundred special constable s were sworn in ; and ﬁfty fresh policemen w ere Obtain e d .

The troop o f the Yeomanry Cavalry from Calne also

ases n n rode into the town . In most c o t a pa e o f glass was left in the houses . Shutters were wrenched off f t their hinges, and costly pictures , urni ure, mirrors, chan

deliers &c. &c. . m s as , destroyed The da age su tained w enormous .

HE MANOR F OGB R ' IX . T O OU JVE

S T . GE OR GE .

’ e Twelve houses in St . Mary s Street, j ust b yond the f B limits O the Old orough , are said to have anciently

o f . belonged to the Manor Ogbourne St George, near Marlborough and a tithing m an was annually appointed

to attend the Manor Court . Many years ago when an Act was passe d to recove r small Debts in the Hundred o f

e e e m Chipp nham , these hous s wer exe pted, nor could the

inhabitants be sued , or their goods taken under an exe cutio n from the Chippenham County Court ; and as late

1 834 C e m m Act as , when the hipp nha Improve ent came

f e th e o f o f into orc , rights the Lord the Manor o f

e . Ogbourne St . George were res rved

1 1 4 HI STO RY OF CHIPP E NHA M. reign o f Elizabeth that a transcript o f Nomina Villarum m ’ should be ade , and deposited with the Lord Treasurer s

Remembrancer . ’ The volume was in th e Lord Treasurer s Ofﬁce in

1 63 1 e , but has since disapp ared ; and at present no trace

f f 1 800 t o o it can be ound . In it was supposed be in m e ﬁre . the Exchequer, but might hav been consu ed in a

B ut o r e e f f copies, more l ss p r ect, remain , rom which a

e fair draft may be execut d .

HU ND RE D U M de CHIPP E NHAM .

Edmunda s G astelyn

B URGU S de CH I PP E NH A M l ED MU ND U S G A ST E LY N . B U D EST ONE

E S D m SH R TON Maria soror o ini Regis,

CO S HAM e t monialis de Amb resb ury .

S E ET H F et OPP W O Prior de arley , Johannes

Maut rave rs .

COMB E Bartholomaeus de Badlesmere . COL E RN E . KINGTON l G RUT E LI NT ONE Abbas G asto niss . NE T E LT O N

n ld HAS LE B U RY Regi a us Orok .

OOK E LB E RG H Henricus de Cob eham.

E S KY NT O N ﬁl . Re inaldi e t W T Petrus g ,

Cecilia de Bello Campo .

E E t et LITTL TON DR W Wal er Drew, Johannes

Pludel . NOMINA V ILLARU M. 1 1 5

LANG E LE (B orel) Johannes de la Mare de D n e L E IGH ( e la Mere) ! La g ley .

S U RY ND E NE Willus de Middleh ope .

’ LOK Y NT ONE C e t h omes Laneast , T omas

de Anerle .

Y N C A et ATTO omes rundel, Henrie ’ de Lancastr

ALY NT ON Prior de Farley . SLA G HT E B PORD

B ox n Henricus de Boxe .

K Ab b atissa et LACOC de Lacock,

Johannes B luet . A STAN L E Y bbas de Stanley . A B R E MB L E bbas de Malmesbury .

T U D E RY NT ONE a Perceh a Will s y, JObes Tu W . Sk demo re (Tytherton) pin , alt y , o h e K l J s a eway .

E de xh l W ROX H AL Johannes W ro a e .

E RT H AM b Hertham B H Jo es de , icus Co merwell et B ar de ,

tholom Peche .

E STON GR E Y Johannes Grey .

SH E RSTON PARVA Johannes Giffard .

HA R D E NY S SH Johannes de Sco Laudo .

H r h ALD RY NT ON Johannes de e t am .

D a e Hugo de ver swell. h Robert de Harleg . 1 1 6 HI STORY OF OHIPPENHAM.

I S HE RI FF S OF ILT HI E X . W S R .

G E NTLE ME N I N CHIPP E NHAM HUN D RE D A N D N E IGH B OURHOOD W HO HAV E S E RVE D T HE OFFICE

OF E SH RIFF .

f The Saxon governor o the Shire was the Earl . T he

E - E E Sheriff supplied his place . The SHIR R V E is said A f to have been ﬁrst appointed by l red , and it is gravely state d by Ing ulphus that the moral inﬂuence o f the new

f a if o f ft o n o ﬁcial was so gre t, that a sum money were le

fo r u f . m the highway a month , it wo ld be sa e In so e f counties the Sheriff was appointed by the reeholders .

W fﬁ o ne m In ilts the o ce at ti e was hereditary . The

Judges now nominate three Esquires, and the Crown

pricks o ne as Sheriff.

M LO D E D AUNT ESEY Dauntese I , y . ELA OUNT ES F M , C S O SARU , F em drsss o Lacock Abb f ey .

HENRY D E COBHAM La le Bu . , ng y rrell HN ROCHE B m SIR JO m. , ro ha

T HOMAS D B HUNGER ORD le F , Far y .

SIR JOHN DAUNT ESEY D auntese , y.

SIR JOHN D ELAMERE L n le B ll , a g y urre .

SIR PET ER D E CUSAUNCE Lackh , am.

SIR JOHN DAUNT ESEY D auntese , y .

WALT ER BEAUCHAMP B m am , ro h . SIR WALT ER HUNGERFORD l , Far ey.

PH L P BAYNARD Lackham I I , .

1 1 8 S OF E M HI TORY CHIPP NHA .

SIR EDWARD BAYNT ON B m m a . , ro h

GEORGE SPE E PET T Y Box K , . EZ E EL AL k n W L S Luc am . KI I , ANT H N m O Y GUY C e . , hipp nha W LL A M NORR S No c . I I I , nsu h H ALBO L k JO N T T . , acoc

W LL AM NORT HEY C e m I I , hipp nha . OSEPH C B H J OL ORNE e . , ard nhuish PAUL MET HUEN C m , orsha .

S AAC HORLOCK A w k . I , sh ic

R ER A HE L le B ll OB T S e . , ang y urr

JOHN AWDRY N . , otton MAT T HEW HUMPHR ES C e m. I , hipp nha CHA D LO R R NG R A . I , ood shton J MES MONT A E A GU , Lack h am.

SIR AND REW BAYNT ON S e P k , py ar .

JOHN HOULT ON G le , ritt ton .

JOHN LONG M k o le , on t n Far y. AMBROSE GOD DARD Sw n , i don .

AMBROSE AWD RY See , nd .

HN FULLER Nes o JO . , t n

T HOMAS CLUT T ERBUC H e K, ard nhuish . L M T HU N PAU E E C m. , orsha

W . H. FOX T ALBOT L ck , aco . M RED . ROO E k F W . Lac ham K , . M ROBT . P. N SBET . P C e m I , . hipp nha . M M ESMEAD E M G . . . o k , n ton .

ULLER Ne . JOHN B. F , ston

ED MUND L. CLUT T ERBUC H s K, ardenhui h . DER H T . H. BOYN , e rtham . NEEL SIR JOHN D G t le o . , ri t t n S H E RIFF S . 1 1 9

ND ES Ca le C m . E . C. LOW , st o be

P Y DE R Hertham . W . H O N ,

R C ALMESLE Y Luck nam . I H. W ,

R ULLE R Ne . GEO. PARGIT E F , ston N R H A C LST O w . C E . O . . . , ound ay

B MEUX D auntese . SIR H. . , y m MAJOR HENEAGE C Ba e . , o pton ss tt

R P . J E . P. SP CE S s k . I , py ar

IR P D C SON- POY NDER H r h S J . . e t am I K , . B l R S w e H l . J . A H. H R I , o d n i

LDNE Beechﬁ ld SIR G . GO Y, e .

’ S e ff o r C was The h ri s Tourne, ourt, in olden days,

e not usually held in any town , or village, nor ev n unde r

f m me o n a n any roo , but so eti s the bleak Open down , near

old ancient cross, or mere stone , under some great o ak o r elm o r o n o f th e e , the boundary line Hundred , wher ver the Courts had been customarily held from remote Saxon times . There is at Longleat an original Latin record o f the

o f ff W in 1 439 1 7 circuit the Sheri through ilts ( Hen VI). The duty o f t he Sheriff o f Wilts was to coll ect taxes due to the Exchequer , and to take cognizance o f some

ff . A e petty o ences j ury was sworn, and pres ntments made by the constables .

F o r of C ff the Hundred hippenham , the Sheri held

m f h o C t e Fe f . T ib ius his Court at hippenha , a ter ast Sts ert and Valerian . 1 2 0 HI STORY O F CHIPP E NHAM.

A D HE A T H’ C E ' ” II M U S A US WA I . X .

It is an exceptional incident that a town Should be beneﬁted by two such public paths as the B orough ’ o n e Causeway the south , and Maud H ath s Causeway

h e o f C . o n t north , hippenham The ﬁrst, through F o f the orest, was a creation paramount necessity ; is as old as Chippenham itself; and was made and repaired — by the Borough the se cond dates from the end o f the ﬁfteenth century ; was constructed at the cost o f a pri n vate individual , and has ever since bee supported by

her benefaction . MAU D H E ATH deserves honourable remembrance f amongst the benefactors o Wilts . About the ye ar

Sh e 1 47 4 (1 3 Edward IV . ) devised houses and land in

C e and near hipp nham to certain Trustees, who were empowered to form a raised Causeway (or as it is al — C f m ways called ausey ro Wick Hill, in the parish

o o f B f Bremhill, to the limits Langley urrell, adjoining

m . Chippenha Her will , (or rather the document which

e h e r w S o f m constitut d ill) is a narrow lip parch ent, in

Latin , containing about six lines . She was a widow,

e o f o f B and is always spok n as, Langley urrell . The

e - m tradition is, that b ing a market wo an (though She herself never co uld have had much difﬁculty in travel B C ling from Langley urrell to hippenham market, yet) she had regard to her frie nds from B re mhill and the

neighbouring hamlets who were wont to ﬂounder, basket,

1 22 HI STORY OF OHIP P ENHA M.

F ff 1 69 8 . the eo ees in , with many inscriptions On the south Side T o th e memory o f th e w orthy MAUD HEATH o f Lang " ley B urrell Spinste r wh o in th e year o f Grace 1 474 fo r th e g ood o f T ravellers did in Charity be stow in Land and house s about Eig ht pounds a year forever to b e laid out on th e Hi ghway and causey le ading from Wick Hill to Chippenham l f ” C i t . Underneath

INJ URE ME NOT . Yet the base names and initials o f visitors disﬁg ure

and the whole monument . On the east, south , west sides are three Sundials, inscribed On the East VO LAT T E MPU S

Oh ea l e e l k u — b e w e , r y pass ng r, oo p is T i And k h o w me w e . thin night and day, on ard ﬂi s On the south M QV U M T E MPU S H A B E U S O PERE MU R B O NU M.

Lfe e l w Oh man le t ee : i st a s a ay, this hour, , is n th

Patiently w ork the will o f him that s ent thee . On the west — R E D I RO T U NUN QUAM

H e T elle th e S un k no w ast , rav r, is sin ing ;

He ll e e e . sha r turn ag ain , but n v r thou

At o f C the extreme south end the auseway, where

B C m o Langley urrell touches hippenha , there st od till

fe w m within a years, a stone pillar on a ound , which

— — - W H r w ll h r I . I e i designate s e V DUA i e W DO . ’ W 1 2 3 MAU D H E ATH S CAUSE AY .

was an important and noted land mark, and was known by name o f CHIPP E NHAM CLIFT It bore a tablet with the inscription

’ H1 T H E R E X T E N D E TH MAU D HE AT H s GIFT

F OR WHE RE I S TAN D Is CHIPP E NHAM CLIFT .

B oth Pillar and Clift have disappeared . It was an act o f apathetic barbarism (whether committed by the ’ Local Board o r Maud Heath s Trust) to subvert this

ancient monument . “ The destruction o f Chippenham Clift is akin to that deed o f crude Vandalism which utte rly Swept away almost th e last memorial o f ancient Chippenham by the m re oval o f the Old Shambles . The Feoffees to the Trust have us ually been selected from among the gentry and clergy of the four parishes

e C o r o f . travers d by the auseway, the neighbourhood

value o f The the property bequeathed by the donor was,

in £8 . 1 834 C her day, a year In , when the auseway

f n s of C C ell u der the inqui ition the harity ommissioners, the Trust then held

i t 8 Rent Charge o n the Paddocks 0 Ditto o n Rowden Lane Close 0 55 B & . urgage House in Embry, yards, c Ditto Cook Street 1 8

di . 1 5 Two tto St Mary Street , Ditto ditto Near Bridge 1 8

£ 1 07 1 2 4 HI STO RY O F CHIPP E NHAM.

1 61 1 F eo ﬂees o f In , the had claimed a moiety three parcels o f ground which John Scott maintained had come to him through his wife ; and he pleaded further that the Crown had also claimed them as Assart Lands o f F m e fo r m the orest, and that he had co pound d the , and A had secured a mesne conveyance from the King .

’ Commission at Malmesbury found the Fe offees demand

f e o n o f doubt ul, and Scott was r leased a rent charge £ 1 3 4 . for e . T wo e ver t nements, mere cottages, had been let (being Burgage House s) at an annual rent o f £4 0 . a year each A general Election was impending . The feoffees offered a lease o f their houses fo r 1 4 years at

£800 £9 00. public auction , and obtained between and

At e B o f £1 00 this date th y had ﬁve Exchequer ills each , ’ and a balance in the Treasurer s hand o f £ 1 30 3 .

o f £7 2 5 8— 1 1 with arrears total £7 02 9 5 . In 1 8 they carried the Causeway over the lowlands about the channel o f the Avon o n a course o f Sixty four brick

and f u secur arches, at a higher level than be ore ; th s ing a passage above the highest ﬂoods kno wn .

1 853 o f C In , at the joint cost the ounty and the

B A . Trust, an Iron ridge was thrown over the von Up to that year a portion o f the Causeway had never — been ﬁnished Viz . that part from Langley Green across

to f f B the Common the oot o Pew Hill . y mutual ar

no w d rangements the road down Pew Hill was widene , and the Causeway completed in its whole length . F o r many generations this noble pathway was o f

- inestimable service, not only to the market woman , but

F 1 2 6 H ISTORY O CHIPP E NHAM.

Should be carrie d into execution . The Causeway is a — le gacy and the public (to whom the Causeway belongs) m a S of y insist that it hall , out the abundant income

fo r e available its maintenanc , be kept in good order,

m o r a li improved , and a ended as the times demand ; pp cation must be made to the Charity Commissioners to u transfer the Trust to the Co nty Council . CIVIL W A R. 1 2 7

‘ H u n C L HIPPEN AM d ri th I VI . .X III . C g e WAR

1 642 to 1 645 .

B of B m n Sir Edward aynton , romha House , ear

w f o f e Devizes, and Sir Ed ard Hunger ord, Rowd n House ,

C m e for B o f near hippenha , were M mbers the orough Chippenham in the Long Parliament : both at this time C Of mm very hostile to the rown . gentlemen in the i e diate neighbourhood o f Chippenham who rallied round

w C. e the royal banner, ere Sir S ymour, then residing at Allington (parts o f whose mansion still stand) the

o f o f C C w Talbots Lacock , the Scropes astle ombe, Ha kins o f o f C C o f C ffe Hardenhuish , Howard harlton , leeter ly

of Chalfield o f Pypard , Eyre , and Goddard Swindon f f but the name, which rom the very first takes the ore most place in almost every dauntless adventure o f those a s nguinary days, and especially in the fierce struggles

o f C connected with the town hippenham , is Sir James

Long o f D raycot . The he ad quarters o f the Militia were at D evize s and

C e m Marlborough both towns, like hipp nha , as yet open

f t he m l f and defenceless . O i itary orce then existent in

o f f C m Wilts, a company oot mustered at hippenha under Sir John Hungerford ; and he re also were the barracks

f e . All o a light horse brigade, und r Sir George Ivy the arme d power in the county was under the dominion

o f se t . B u e the Parliament, who Sir E aynton in s prem

He f D . B u command . posted himsel at evizes t burn S R F 1 2 8 HI TO Y O CHIPP E NHAM . ing jealous ie s having arisen betwe e n him and Hunger

f f M. P. wn o f ord, his ellow , the to and neighbourhood Chippenham were long torn as under by the ir mortal B At . At feuds . length aynton struck a daring blow

o f L . e mus uet eers dead night, ieut Eyr , with six q , broke f ’ m m him into Hunger ord s cha ber in Mal esbury, arrested

’ B a nt o n s m e him in y na e , and had conv yed some distance f o the m e rom the t wn , when Mal esbury Militia ov rtook

e e f . B m e f them, and r leased Hung r ord aynton hi s l ar

fe w f e was riving in Malmesbury a hours a t r, in his turn s n f L eized by Hu ger ord , put into custody, sent to ondon , f m and cashiered ro all his appointments in Wilts . W 1 643 . e In March, , Sir W Waller ntered ilts ; and this count y fo r two ye ars was the arena o f several hard

w o ne o f f c . onﬂicts, in hich he was the chie actors As

Wiltshire also lay in the main line o f march betwee n f London , Ox ord , and the west, it was crossed and r c f fo e e rossed by riend and in all directions, and the u f ngarrisoned towns, as was requently the case with

a Chippenh m, changed masters once or twice in the s ame day .

e C S Wall r, as larendon igniﬁcantly notes, was not an e m the w a e df ne y to tarry by y longer than was n e ul .

l 2 2 nd 1 643 e Passing through Sa isbury , March , , and l av i n D ze to o fo r v b e g evi s, as strong , another isit, scatter ed

’ m C e m the weak detach ent in hipp nha , drove the King s t o f m roops out Malmesbury, by a masterly ovement cap ’ t ured s e o f e Lord Herbert army und r the walls Gloucest r, a nd m f D then su moned by startling news rom evon , turn e d

1 30 o r HISTORY CHIPP E N HAM.

That Saturday night was a night o f trembling fo r the pe ople of Chippe nham None b ut children slept ; none could tell whether th e Parliamentary army might

f th e e o f f m not orce river at som the ords, and atte pt to Al carry the town by storm . l night the streets rang

o f o f m o f with booming cannon , the clash arms, the tra p

o f . steeds, and the heavy tread the mailed soldiery

o f C These were those stern warriors ornwall , who had

f far le t their homes in the west, and sacriﬁcing every thing which the world holds dearest at the call o f duty m and honour, had held their triu phant way through C m ornwall , Devon , and So erset, routed every general f the Parliament sent against them , scattered army a ter f f f army , took ortress a ter ortress, and at last returned

unconquered to their native country .

9 th o f 1 643 Sunday morning came, the July, ; — Francis D ewy was vicar he did not live to look upon the deadly strife in which his parishioners were doomed m f . e so o ten to take part He died in Sept ber, the same year . No ﬁght actually took place that Sunday in Chip penham ; the weight of the impending storm was re

served to burst with double fury on D e vize s .

As t he e f f cavali rs le t the town , Waller, with orces no w e considerably incr ased, immediately entered, and as soon as there was space on the south side o f the town t o

e m m deploy , launch d his heavy horse on the co pact colu ns f be ore him . They were repulsed by Sir Nicholas Slan C f ning . with the ornish usileers, but again and again L 1 3 1 CI V I W A R .

Al m f . l returned to the charge through Pewsha orest, D L up erry Hill, and along Sandy ane, a running ﬁght

Slannin e e went on , till again g turn d and inflict d a da — maging recoil near Bromham Hall another de sperate f f f struggle took place, till fighting oot by oot, rom field

to e e e ﬁ ld , and hedge to h dge, the harass d cavaliers with m f all their artillery, acco plished a sa e lodgment in

D f J 9 1 643 . evizes, on Sunday a ternoon , uly ,

m e R o n Waller enca p d that night at owde, and Monday morning marched all his forces over Roundway

e ffe n - o f Down , and thus cted his lo g desired object

m f e f putting hi sel betwe n Ox ord and the Cornish army .

f e - f t h e That evening , soon a t r night all , cavalry cut

wa e their y in gallant style through the bel aguering host,

and o n f . rode all night the spur to Ox ord Tuesday, W T ednesday, and hursday, Waller made tremendous

ff m en e orts to stor the town , and the small garrison ,

e m f ef trenched b hind very i per ect d ences, and exhausted b n n e e v conti ual ﬁghting , must soo have yi ld d at mercy,

’ but that about four o clock on Thursday afternoon the

o f u e o f o f fire guns, the fl tt ring pennons, and the flash

e o f f f m sabr s, announced the arrival the Li e Guards ro f f . C Ox ord The ornish oot burst over the barricades, and reached the ﬁeld o f ﬁght just in time to see every

’ ’ o f m e Hasleri s squadron the ene y s cavalry , and ven g ’ f W e stubborn cuirassiers, and all Hunger ord s est rn Horse, ﬂying in t umulto us rout before Carnarvon and th e tri u m hant e p guards, over the dang rous precipices o f Vil ’ Roundway Down . Lord V mo t s reserve now joined 1 32 S o r HI TORY CHIPP E NHA M .

C n f ho the or ish men , and overpowered the in antry w yet stood ﬁrm ; and though Waller made eve ry effort

e f e that a brav and skil ul g neral could do , he was swept

o wn m away by his broken columns , and his whole ar y i overwhelmed with irre trievable d sco mﬁt ure . It was late o n Thursday evening when the people o f

C i o f hippenham , who had d stinctly heard the roar battle, and from the higher points o f view could catch the

o f o n ﬂash the guns Roundway, were startled by the ’ e o f W Hasleri shatter d troopers aller s army, with g ,

e f e e f the f m Hung r ord, and their g neral hims l in ore ost

o f th e fo l ranks , thundering through the streets town ,

f o f f lowed by con used masses broken in antry, in dread

o f pursuit by t he victorious cavali ers . There is an

C ur o f o f entry in the h ch register, at this date, the death

n o f o e William Iles, Stanley , who it is recorded was ’ e killed in St . Mary s Stre t by a soldier . On leaving Chippenham some o f the fugitives took

the road to Malmesbury, which was yet a Parliamentary h garrison , the greater part continued their course throug

B f o f the night to ath , but knowing the ortiﬁcations that

not e o n to B city could long repel attack, push d ristol,

to where it is said Waller, riding up the gates with a

the to his o few jaded troopers, was ﬁrst announce wn — defe at My dismal defeat he bemoans in his me moirs the most heavy stroke o f any that did befall — m f I me I had nearly sunk under y a ﬂiction , but that — had a dear and swe et comforter I did prove at that

time that a virt uous woman rejoiceth her husband .

1 34 H I STORY o r CHIPP E N HAM. and that the strong garrison h ad removed to Rowden

w e m n e C House , hil a co pa y or two wer stationed in hip

A f e p enh am itself. troop o horse dash d instantly into

C en m m n e e hipp ha , and , a o gst other prison rs, captur d the

e e G overnor o f Rowd n . Thence they proceed d to Row

den m e e . , and su mon d it to surrend r The only response

A e e was a volley o f musq uet ry . m ssag was despatched to Bath to Lord Hopton to se nd up the heavy batte ring

T h e e m pie ces . artill ry was im ediately brought up by

D e Sir F . o ddington , and a heavy ﬁre Op ned upon the

At the m m 400 f mansion . sa e ti e dragoons arrived rom Cire ncester B ut active m e asure s were taken by the

me e e Parlia ntary G n rals in the district to raise the siege .

ff o f G e e e Col . e Stephens, Sh ri louc st rshir , burst through w f the royalist lines ith horse and oot, bringing with him

e o f mm t f B u a much need d supply a uni ion and ood . t

e e f e while th y r sted a brie hour, and took som necessary

f m f e re resh ent, the busy o men outside, aided by a number o f zealous peasant s from the farms and neighbouring

w e o f e to n , cast up a hug barricade arth , stones, and tim ber be fore the gate ; 400horse and foot were all cooped

e t he e t tog ther, and poor besi ged were most despera ely ” straite ned by this kind o f relief. Every hour made

e within and f o f matt rs worse the orces the assailants, no w masse d together in the meadows to the numbe r o f

3000 4000 e e e wit/t out . or , w r incr asing Suddenly

e e o f o ut o f St phens , at the h ad his troop , burst the

w m e o f mus uet eers great arch ay , acco panied by ﬁl s q , who

u to by contin ous volleys strove drive back the besiegers, L W R 1 3 5 C IV I A .

e while others attempted to remove the barri r, so as to

e e B ut l ave a passag fo r the horse . the obstructions in — their way proved too formidable the whole sally was a d f — f o n m isastrous ailure many ell dead the ra part , and

e the rest were compelled to take shelter b hind the walls .

h e 1 45 m m T e w Fe b . 6 e weath r, ho ever, ( )beca extre ely

m e m fo r cold and te pestuous, and as the h avy stor two days drove o ff the countrymen who were assisting in the

was in fu works, it hoped that the con sion and darkness o f b ut night, the horse might break through ; the

e saw leaguer was so strictly maintained , Steph ns that f e e f h e e e urth r resistanc was ruitless, and surrend r d only

e o n condition that th eir lives should b spare d . Some o f the prisone rs o f note were sent to D evizes ; Rowden ’ House itse lf was dismantled and set on ﬁre . King Charle s was moving to and fro in the county in

C e . 1 644. He was probably in hipp nham in November

W C o m aller and romwell , then in a subordinate c

W e w e o mission to all r, er sweeping through S uth Wilts ,

e e e wh n tidings reach d th m that Sir James Long, the

ff h is Sheri , with ﬁne troop (nearly all gentlemen) was

U e at Devizes . tt rly unable to withstand the force

him o ff e arrayed against , Long drew precipitat ly by

Many o f t h e burnt stones of t h e old house may b e se en built h into th e walls o f t h e g arden o f t e present farm ; part o f t h e moat e m and t h e e o f th e e il e ble r ains, sit foundations is as y trac a ; and m e o f t h e b l m e be e l e b ble m e so ui ding s ust hav n ft ha ita , fro an ntry t o e fe in t h e Re e e e e w this f ct Church g ist r, ig ht y ars aft r it as d e e was i stroyed A so n o f Mr . H erb rt born n som e part o f Rowden N 2 1 3 e e on ov . 5 65 b t wo e t h e b Hous , , , and di d a out hours aft r irth ” thereof . R O F E 1 36 H ISTO Y CHIPP NHAM.

B f D the ath road ; but, by night all , the raycot troop ,

t he e was Vir which had done King such signal servic , t uall w o ﬂicers y annihilated , and Sir James , it h twenty , taken prisoner . On the tidings o f this disastrous affray re aching

C m e Hopton , all the horse in hippenha and other op n mm s tations were co anded to retire to Bath . ’ m L f few e was Sir Ja es ong, a ter a w eks captivity

e e fo r Col . e e xchang d St phens, who had been tak n at

w e . As h e f e e Ro d n soon as was ree, he hast n d to his o ld e Old quart rs, rallied round him his companions in

o n 9 th Of 1 645 C arms, and the May , , burst into hip

enh am . w p , sword in hand Overpo ered by the ﬁery c avaliers, the scanty garrison was driven helter skelter m along the narrow winding road to Mal esbury . They

e o n f k pt ahead , being mounted resh horses , through

C f Of 1 0 Stanton and orston , until, a ter a chase miles,

o f me they ran in under the guns Mal sbury, which ,

f e Opening a rapid ﬁre rom the high ground, comp lled m the pursuers to retire . Sir Ja es, however, had eyed some goodly oxen feeding in Cole Park : o f these he

1 00 m fe s elected beasts , and drove the leisurely and sa ly before him into D evizes . Bowood then belonged to the Audleys— but there T was no mansion th ere . he Parliame ntary Committe e di f e s orested the Park , and pr sented the deer to Sir E . B aynton , who , as a tradition runs, wishing to transfer t m Lock s well e S e hese lively ani als over H ath to py Park, did so with the help o f the clothie rs o f Calne and other

1 38 HI S TO RY OF CHIPP E N HAM .

’ e m en o n e e saddle till he had mount d all his r b ls horses,

n f f f l k T he he marched o oot at the head o orty ﬁre o c s . enemy had meanwhile thrown up some slight defences

w o f about the to n , works, however, so triﬂing a charac

o ne o f o wn co nt em tu ter, that their journalists speaks p “ o usl o f C w y hippenham , as an unkno n garrison in

A e Wiltshire . s the cavaliers proc eded stealthily on

f w e the road rom Lacock , near the to n th y caught a stray ’ o n f fe m him soldier, and working the ellow s ars, co pelled

f e we to con ess that the works wer ak , and insigniﬁcantly m d d m f anne , and to ivulge the ore important act that ff in the cavalry had just ridden o another direction .

W e B l t wo ithout parl y, Long and ovi le attacked breast

works with a narrow approach , soon cleared these bar

- riers wa m e . , and cut their y into the arket plac

D o wett o ne o f m o f Major , (hitherto the ost dashing

f e e Sir the Parliamentary o ﬁc rs, but who had lat ly joined

L w C fo r f James ong , and o ned King harles his lord li e

o r o ne o f m death , )charged at the ain entrances , but his progress was long arrested by what is called in the “ ” of journal the day a turnpike , but which was more m probably so e moveable barricade o f timber work . ’ Presumably D o wett s attack came by the B ath road the only re ad from Bath into Chippenham was that nar ro w winding lane which no w passes through F o gham

Fo r o r e shire . an hour two th re was hard ﬁghting at h hi . t e t s point, and much blood was shed Eventually

was ie m stockade carr d , and the ene y driven into the

o f . middle the town , where they met Sir J Long and

his . . A t party, and ﬂed along St Mary street dis ant V 1 9 CI I L W A R . 3 blast Of trumpe ts gave them hope that their cavalry had

e fo e e return d , and expecting that the would be attack d f m h fo r e e ro behind , t ey rallied, and anoth r hour mad an

ff . e e m e ectual stand In the ﬁ rce struggl to dislodge the ,

D o wett e o f receiv d a shot in the collar his doublet , and the cheek o f his h elme t was blown Off. Night only put an end to the savage strife The victory was with

S m e the cavaliers . o e t wo or three hundr d Parliament — arians escaped in the dark othe rs we re driven into the

w e — e e e — a river, and dro n d ighty w re made prison rs

o f mm and quantity a unition was taken , the Lacock

m m e m en captain redee ed his vow, and ount d all his on ’ rebels horses . It is added that though the place was

e e thus taken by assault, no plund r was allow d, and not a

e S ixp nce exacted o f the townsmen .

as C m as It w not always so . hippenha w plundered

e u B by Cavali r and Ro ndhead alike . oth parties mer

l fle e f iless ced . c y the un ortunate inhabitants Co l . Luns ’ f G o f m ord , the King s overnor Mal esbury, inflicts a fine

£ 1 0fo r F o f £30 and watching the oss Road .

P. f e M. Sir Ed . Hunger ord (th ir own ) exacts three rates

o ne e m h a &c. m year, besid s bread , eat, y, So e ﬁerce captain gallops into the tre mbling town with a pe r ’ empto ry demand fo r a month s pay fo r his troopers

m W e another for a solid su o f £500. Sir W . all r com

o f e e - m m e mands that a body troop rs , w ll ar ed and ount d ,

l e . ﬁrelo ck s sha l attend him in the Mark t Place Pikes , ,

m n f m e t o armour, am u ition , corn , hay , ood and on y, had

fo r th e e e o f t he C mm w be provided s rvic o on ealth, by a given hour : and Mr . Bailiff had no sooner wrung o ne 1 40 HI STORY o r CH IPP E NHAM.

contribution o ut o f the pockets o f the impoverished B urgesses than the call came for another ; and sudden and f if heavy penalty ollowed, the subsidies were not forthcoming .

e 1 648 C m l f Lat r, in , when General ro wel himsel came 400 into the town , and put horses into West Mead , (and s the o f for poiled crop hay that year), he honestly paid ’ ‘ £ 1 3 for o ne f . 6 O i. a 4 An night s eed d. a head . d

o f 2 s . 6d. the townsmen rang the bells at a cost , and

o f o f gave him a bowl sack and a bottle claret, as he dined at the White Hart . Some local and spasmodic movements in favour o f

f b ut f o f 1 645 the King were success ul , , be ore the end , the Parliament w as triumphant throughout the King f B t . do m . ris ol ell, and all the West with it Crom

o n v w o f h well advanced De izes ith a park eavy guns, B and Devereux laid siege to Lacock Abbey . oth places surrendered about the same time ; and General F airfax came down to receive in person the submiss ion o f the

o f t gallant little garrison Lacock, and to salu e their

o ut o f f noble captain, as he marched the ortress which he

had held so faithfully and so long . Lacock was the last post in Wilts held for the King ; it yielded on

2 6th 1 645 . Sep . ,

B ut if omwell ut ho se: e e h e ee m r p his r into W st M ad, s s C — t o have put his horsemen in to t h e Church for w e re ad in an old ’ Churchwarden s Account B ook F or mending a seat t h e soldiers pull ed down F or making lean t h e Chur ch which t h e soldi ers deﬁleg

1 42 S OF E M HI TORY CHIPP NHA .

’ a windows)but perhaps to a Minstrels g llery . The east and south walls o f th e Chancel were o f the latter part o f th e 1 3th T he N e century , orman arcad , dividing the f 1 nave rom the South aisle , was destroyed early in 800.

the C was 1 87 7 When present hurch restored , in , and a

A f o f f North isle built, no oundations any ormer e rection Y o n that site were found . et it is hardly possib le t o believe that no North A isle ever existed in so large a

T he N w o f Church . orth all the Nave was rebuilt m : C m 1 655 several ti es once in the o monwealth , in , and again in 1 801 . “ " m o f B a liﬂ s A Mention is ade y isle , near the

' w . o f B a liﬂe North all The ﬁrst that name, William y , o f C e C e 1 632 astl ary, settl d at Monkton , and , in , made

n fo r a vault, under cove ant that he would pay a noble

e . 1 652 every corpse interr d in it He died in , and his

fo r . . t e 6 . was the ﬁrst corpse which a noble ( s 8d . ) was paid The roof o f the nave was frequently re newed ;

f e f m w w the marks o thre roo s re ain in the To er all . w tem . The Tower , and spire , ere probably built, p

VI. f V . f Henry and by Lord Hunger ord, as his coat o arms within the Gart er (and h e was the only Hunger ford who was ever a Knight o f the Garter)is yet visible

f B u in the outer wall o f the bel ry . t the ﬁne arch

e f o f opening into the Nave , and the buttresses, t sti y an f n C . T he Early E glish hurch with a lo ty, elegant spire Tower o f the 1 5th century is said to have come to an untim ely end through the propensities o f the Chippen

- ham people for bell ringing . It was partly taken down 3 D E . 1 4 CH U RCH OF ST . AN R W

1 633 re - e w o f in , and erect d with a lo er spire , at a cost

£32 0 to w sum Sir F m £40. , hich rancis Popha gave His arms appear above the W este rn door In the

’ C in A was - o f the 1 4th hancel , ubrey s day, an altar tomb cent : part Of this tomb seems to be inserted into the

B e we e f re south wall . ehind the lat reredos r ound

m Of ﬁnials . ains pinnacles, , arches, and buttresses

T HE CHANT RIE S IN CHIPPE NHAM CH UR CH

C E OF ST . . s C Of HAP L MARY Thi hantry , south

C e W e L f the hanc l , was built by alt r, ord Hunger ord,

1 2 e £ 1 A . D . 44 w 0 W , and endo d with a year . ith its

i annele d large w ndows, its richly p parapet and buttresses without o f m f , and the sculp ture , coats ar s, and pro usion o f within e e e f gilding , it must hav be n , in its p r ection , a

u Of m a e very splendid mon ment edi eval d votion . B e au

fu d f ti l Early English arches ivided it rom the Chancel . It might have been raised o n the site o f an Older

C wa f Chantry . Near the hancel arch s ound half o f a l broken grave stone , still a ﬁne slab, bearing in o w re lie f the ﬁgure (rude in art ) o f a lady under half a

o n e s canopy, but the d xter ide ;within a bordure certain m F Nor an rench words are barely legible . ELE RR E ALIS SA F EMME FOVN D OY RSE VNE CHAVNT ERIA A CEST AVT ER

This inscription may commemorate John Le Clerc 1 44 HI STORY OF CHIPP E NHAM .

If A f u C A f . o f and lice his wi e lice o nded the hantry , her ’ n h o n o w pious bounty, she ﬁlls the usband s place the

1 32 7 Le C memorial . In , the lercs had lands at Row den , Sheldon , and Hardenhuish ; it is possible they built the earlier Chantry . The present Chapel was cove red

u e f with the H ng r ord arms , but they are intermingled

o f B o f B with those the eauchamps romham , and others .

. . A B In the S E angle is a monument to ndrew aynton ,

ho B w . succeeded the eauchamps, and lived at Rowden A ﬁne window was destroyed to receive Sir Gilbert ’ Prynne s monument ( 1 628) which monument is no w “ afﬁxed to the south wall o f the nave . A House o f ” F h m i ’ o a sh re . St . Mary is noticed in g Some lands belonging t o the Chantry were bought by Henry Goldney

at the Dissolution , and next century a Mr . Goldney was ’

St . living in a house in Mary s Street, in the windows

o f o f B m D m which were arms eaucha p , ela ere , Rocke,

T he B a ntons laimed littl and others . y c a e manour of M i r bout St . ar S treet . their own n o a y (Aubrey). Later

A fo r w h there was an lms House there , hic the parish

B . paid a chief rent to Sir Ed . aynton Edward the Sixth ’ s Commissioners found in the Chantry

l e l e lt— e me m e alb a cha ic si v r g i v st nts, a ic and

- l l &c. c. . 2 le k e ta & l e 1 3 3 7 d . cand stic s , cru ts , a r c oth, va u

I h t h e Old T w ll w e e D . n t e chest in o n Ha r found deeds of A . 1 3 69 1 3 78 1 380 e w th e Se l of th e B in wh , , and . sign d ith a oroug h, ich e are e i be e o f t h e S e f S t h e B urg e ss s d scr d as Ward ns rvice o t . Mary ’ m in e m . e e e e em e t o e Chipp nha and r f rring , a ongst oth r t n nts , a hous i O ’ — h St . be l to b o n t h e in Hig , ong ng ur Lady s Chantry a utting ’ ’ e Inch el s Pl e l Marsh el s Pl e now G south sid ag ainst ac , a ias ac , ( ut te r Lane . )

1 46 HI STORY OF CHIPP E N HAM .

In some way connected with the Parish Church were A — Cantarists C o f . the , or hantry Priests, St ndrew the

o f e f 1 333 names ninet en priests being recorded , rom to 1 545 . Whether they had a Chapel within the Parish

C S o f o r hurch , (the ite which is wholly unknown), whether they executed certain re ligious Ofﬁce s in the Church apart from those services which devolved e s f eciall o n V . o p y the icar, it is impossible to say None

V V the them ever were icars, but they (the icars), and

A St. Cantarists o f St . ndrew and John were all nomin

’ ated by the Prior o f Farley . The Prie sts o f St . Mary s

Chapel were appointed by the Hungerfords .

T HE VI CAR OF CHIPPE NHAM

A Rector o f Chippenham presided over the Church

u A . D . 1 1 50 e w e ntil about , wh n all the tithes ere sev red f rom the parish by the Empress Maud , and bestowed

o f F C e o f Clu upon the Priory Monkton arley, a onv nt niac monks ; the gift consisting o fthe tithes o f the whole

i C o f T ith erin to n parish , includ ng the hapelry g , and that ’ o f Slaughterford . This grant was conﬁrmed by Henry

. o f F V . 1 534 II The Prior arley appointed a icar In ,

M ll n V o f C o n Henry y y , icar hippenham , deposed oath that his b e neﬁce was worth in the gross £ 1 6 3 4 per

A Jury found that t h e Church of Slaug hterford is not a e r b a el e ed to t h e of Chi e n Moth r Chu ch, ut a Ch p ann x Church pp h am w w all it S el l t h e Em es e , hich Church , ith Chap s, Mati da pr s g av t o G th e o f th e B le e M d le t h e OD, and Church ss d Mary ag a n, and l monks of Far ey . 1 T H E VICAR . 47

A f an . o f 4s . o , but by payments to the rchdeacon Wilts

£2 o f F and to the Prior arley, his annual income was

1 9 B of o r reduced to £ 3 1 4. The ishop Sarum had dained the endowments of the Vicarage out o f the tithes o f Chippenham received by the Prior ; but o n the com

l t o f V i p ain the succeeding icars, that the r income was

i su cient exilis i. e. oor n ( p and ﬁ ), it was increased by

B B m B D e ishop ingha , and again by ishop la Wyle, till ’ t he Prior o f Farley protesting that the Vicar s income ” immoderate was , a new award was made by Richard

B rank es to ne f of B . de , o ﬁcial ishop Wykeham The document is curious, and worth reciting

Whereas t h e Vicarag e o f Chippenham w as en d w e th e P of M k le w e e th e o d by rior on ton Far y, and h r as

’ V e ee e e e me et icar s stip nd hath b n incr as d at div rs ti s ; y , upon th e Vicars complaining that their income was not s uf

ﬁcient for e m e e th e e a e e e th ir aint nanc and burd ns nn x d, th y procure d their income to b e immoderately e nlarg e d ; and there having aris e n dispute s b etwee n th e Prior and Vicar ;

e e no w e o f wal k th e w a o f e e and th y, b ing d sirous ing in y p ac , have submitte d to our de cree

We e ef e e f e e e l e , th r or , (b ing anxious to ost r p rp tua p ac e

lli e we e m e n a th 6. e e A tranq ui ty b t n , and in ord r th t uthor o f Peace may b e more and m or e de voutly worshippe d in

erfe l e of e do de e e a th e p ct ov h arts), ordain and cr . th t said Vicar shall tak e and e njoy All the fruits and obve ntions o f th e Chapel o f T idering to n in t he afore said parish o f Chip

’ enh am e e the e o f T de s me sn p , ( xc pt tith s corn on urpin s e); and that th e Vicar shall render 40 shilling s a year to th e Prior and Convent o f Farley ; and shall at his o wn cost pro 1 48 HISTORY OF CHIPP E NHAM.

f t h e i e th e C el f e M te vide o r e s rv c at said hap by su ﬁci nt inis rs . — G e S u m A . l 6th A D m iv n at ar , p nno o ini

C t of . Thus the hapelry and Rec ory St Nicholas ,

e e Tyth rton , with all their moluments, became annexed

to the Vicarage o f Chippenham . The Monastery o f Farley received the tithes o f C h f hippen am Parish until the Re ormation , when (as stated before) the monastic e states were conferred upon

the Protector Somerset . The Rectorial tithes ought to have been then restored to the Parish Church o f f C o V . hippenham ; but, by grant Henry III (two months before he died) they devolved upon the Dean

C o f C C C f and hapter hrist hurch ollege, Ox ord , with

n of e a to whom , si ce that day, the right pres nt tion the ’ Vicarage has rested .

V o f C William Proudlove, icar hippenham, attests 1 608 by terrier (2 9 Aug . ) that there belong t o the Vicarage

A well C e am w e and d ing in hipp nh , ith orchard, gard n , herbag e of th e Churchyard ; the Easte r book and Easte r re ck oning s ; th e tithe hay in We stmead and other g rounds ;

e m m i e e e du s co ing by arr ag s and churching s , and tith gg s ,

Ea through out th e Paris h at ste r .

At T itherto n L the V dwell ucas icar hath a ing house,

e ta le k e- e l wel e e of barn , g ard n , s b and ba hous ; a so t v acr s glebe ; th e herbag e of th e Chapel yard ; Commons for t wo

o ne e fo r ee the e alf a re o f k ine y ar, and thr n xt ; h an c

In t h e Registry of Chris t Chwrch E vidences is thi s entry (no date ) i r l e l It appe ars there is no How se ng no g b e and there (Chippen

1 50 HI STORY o r CHIPP E NHAM . ham t wo tenements and appurtenances in the High ’ ’ e e Co ade s f Str et, call d Place, and Wai s ; a meadow ’ T rendlo we s m A called ead, near the von ; a close called

Elmh e Odecroft f an e o f y ; a close called ; hal acr land , and pasture fo r one cow in Co ckleb oro ugh Field ; and C half an acre in hippenham Field .

’ All f B uf n the lands ollowing, called ord s, withi the

e o f C B C town and ﬁ ld hippenham , Langley urrell, ockle

H rde nhuish e o r a . borough , , elsewhere, viz

A e e me in the H S ee l th e e e t n nt ig h tr t ; ands in Cl v ,

He Rolnesde ne t h e Pleet e Odecroft w Mo unct o n ndon , , , to ards ,

' S ande rditch B ram ello t - l Mo r l Neth ercliﬂ e , and, Fur ong , ,

W e k - - A Marb ro o k Felditch th e Cl e stbroo upon von , , , and yn — m eas u ring 1 35 acr e s

m V o f C were conveyed to William New an , icar hip

h am en o n . 2 1 st 1 1 IV. p , and others, Nov , Henry by

John Steere . ’

F re D . e w . 33 VI Thomas , St avid s Day, Henry con

v e ed C Of . A C y to the hurch St ndrew, hippenham , a

f o f tenement in High Street, and three and a hal acres

Hamb reach Poltin ham Ellfo rd T he s B f land in , g , gg , alli

T olledo wn. mead , and

A Seeve messuage at Notton , in Lacock, called y, was granted by William Sewal Sto nford to William

m V o f C 1 3th New an , icar hippenham , and others, May , f I in the 1 9 th year o Edward V.

A Ma iscro ft close, called g g , in Notton , was demised

G C V o f Chi en by Thomas odwyn to John lerk, icar pp

1 8 V . ham , and others, Nov . , Henry III CHURCH LAN D S . 1 51

n o f In the ﬁrst and second reig Philip and Mary, 2 2 n f d Feb . n y , Joh Panter bequeathed hal an acre,

th e B called reach , abutting upon a pasture called

B w s o f C o f owdens do n , the land the Parish hurch

Chippenham . Concerning the houses and lands referred to in these 2 t h 1 63 w V . 8 8 bequests , a estry on Oct , , empo ered the Churchwardens o f Chippenham

T o tak e course fo r the D isco v ering e reco v erye o f th e e C h L e e S e o f Law anci nt hurc ands , ith r by uit or otherwis e according as by learne d Couns ell th ey shall b e ” advis e d . The result o f this investigation is not recorded but ’ a note was made o n a ﬂy sheet o f the Churchwardens B f f ook, which , a ter re erring to certain enclosures, inter

o f o f ancient changes, and removals the land marks the ” hurch lands n C , and mentio ing (amongst many like transactions) that 1 84 luggs in Sandy D itch were given i Mr . han e b Wm . B a I e ent to Scott or which in exc g y g/ , g , , f ” ee received satis action — e w s h f , conclud s ith these ominou words B ut the Church resteth unsatisﬁed. The Charity Commissioners vis ited Chippenham in

1 833 - 4 t o f , made personal scrutiny in o the condition the

C C o n C hippenham harities , and reported thus the hurch Lands “ ' The oldest deed in possession o f the Feoﬁees is a 1 69 6 f C . lease o all the hurch Lands in May,

’

F eoﬂees . 1 7 48 the In the conveyance to new in Jan , property o f the Church is described as 1 52 HI S TO RY O F CHIPP E NHAM .

’

1 . G D S e . . Tenement in High St called O Plac

2 B . . Old uilding garden

3 Ne B . . w uilding

The Wav es garden . B w near the ridge with garden , together ith C F 3 . o f 5 ac land in hippenham ields , Po ultin h am f g , and El ord Tirling , and m B B l ’ pasture in Ho e reach , and al s

Mead .

B B C k le ro u h F 5 . o c b o 6. ac at olden , the reach , g ields, ’ ( Ode s Croft)and B aswell . i 7 . A m e for o ne Cow n tene nt , and close , and pasture , k r u F Coc leb o o gh ields . ’

T remlows . 8 . Mead

9 . e House , garden , orchard and ﬁeld at Notton , call d ’ ” Mag g ot t s Field . The Commissioners proceed t o say We found it utterly impracticable t o trace the pro perty some tenements remain in the hands o f the

F ffe the whole o the land eo es, but , with one exception , f if is lost . e o r Most, not all the land , wh ther arable C m F pasture, lay dispersedly in large o mon ields, with

fe o r w no marks to indicate boundaries, and no means

o f f o r o f now remain either identi ying the ground lost,

when or thro u h whose raud or ne li ence ascertaining , g f g g , ” the loss happ ened. Thus the whole Parish o f Chippenham lies under m the bann o f Sacrilege . This is the grim i peachment

- t 1 7 48 1 834 C o f tha between the years and , the hurch Chippenham was robbed o f about 2 0acres o f its ancient

5 1 4 HI S T ORY OF CHIPP E N HAM.

' F eoﬂees who f 1 803 , ( was also their treasurer), rom to

1 82 9 e — C m , when he becam bankrupt and the o missioners

' f f the w F eoﬂees ound, urther, that only times at hich the had met to audit the accounts, and to inspect the pro

1 802 1 803 1 804 ih 1 830. perty, were in , , , and The Commissioners therefore appended to their Report this severe and merite d censure We feel ourselves called up on to observe that we have scarcely ever known an ins tance of such protracted and cul

' able ne lect on the art o a whole bod o F eo ees both p g p f y f ﬁ ,

with res ect to the reservation o the ro ert and re p p f p p y,

cei t and a lication the unds which it was their dut p pp of f , y “ a administer.

T HE R I T E R E G S S .

f t The oldest volume o he Registers is marked No . 2 ; it begins in 1 57 8 it is named

LI B E R ANNALIS CH IPPE NHAMI M ’ CONT INENS NOMINA B APT IZ AT U NU PT OR ’ E T D E EU NCT OR E S NAT IV IT AT Is I , A F TO DOMIN

1 57 8 . f l o o d . It is bound in parchment, part an missal It contains Chr ste nings i from 1 57 8 to 1 643 B uri als Weddings 1 57 8 to 1 61 6

Report o f th e Royal Commission for Inquiring concerning 1 55 R E GI ST E R S .

The ﬁrst Christening registered is that of Christab ell Stook de T udrint o n ° 1 5 8 bapt fuit X II die Jan . 7

The ﬁrst Marriage is

1 ' 57 9 . Robert Tasker Elizabeth Stephens i were joyned in matrymo ny x x j day o f J anuarie .

1 5 An 87 . order is entered in the book to set down the names o f the Fathers and o f the Godfathers and

e o f b ut G odmoth rs the children christened, it was done only once o r twice .

' o f B a liﬂe o f B The names y Monkton, arrett and

o f T ith ert on n f A o f Stokes , Hu ger ord, Popham , rch

Fo ulswick Ple dell , Snell, y , Goldney, Ely, Seymour,

w . Ha kins , Mountjoy, Rogers, Holland, Scott, etc etc . constantly occur . 1 62 A 3 . stranger drowned in Avon was buried in agro .

When 1 He nry Nash w as chosen Clark by th e whole conse nt I straightway wrote the se words incontinent T he vii day of Aug uste as heere may b e see n In th e 2 8th ye ar o f t he Rayne o f our Que en

Mr . W ll m C alf e n e V car o f can R i ia h ont b i g th n y , this ecorde f ” T hat was the date 1 586 o our Lord . f 1 638 . O J John , son ohn Scott, was baptized Oct .

[The following D ocument— unique as regards its — date should be found naturally in a Church Register ; but it appears only amongst the B orough Records 1 56 HI STORY OF CHIPP E NHAM.

T h e v th e o f M Ao : D ni 1 34 j day arch 6 . ffo ras m uch as Le tte rs o f Excommunication have b in latelie g raunte d forth from t he Eccle siastical Court o f this D io ce s against John William s an inhabitant hous ehold e r within this B oroughs w ch w e re upon som e Sab o th e daye latlie past openlie read (it denounc e d ag aynst b ym in this psh e Church o f Chippenham whereby all p sons are com manded and forbidde n to com e into his co mpanye or to have anie co merce or dealing with hym : He t he said John Wil liams is therefore thought to b e a ps on no e wayes capable at this tyme to have or receive anie beneﬁt or pﬁt t out o f th e said B oro ugh e lands And therefore th e daye and yeara last above written t he said John Williams by th e full and w hole conse nt o f th e

' B aylifl e and B urg e ss e s afore said or th e g reate r pte o f them assem ble d is utterlie debarred from hav eing or receiving anie b e nefitt or pfitt at all out o f t h e said B o ro ugh e lands untill such tyme as he th e said John Williams shall by order of t he e cclesias tical law e s Of thi s realme b e re sto re d re ceid agayne

’ into the Congregation o f G OD S Church .

B aptisms we re regularly registered till the Civil War

Af e few m in 1 642 . ter that year v ry na es appear in the i V G Reg sters, but the icar, Jonathan eare , never deserted

f a his ﬂock, and though he could not per orm any Ser

C m i e vices in the hurch , he ad in st red the Sacraments in private to the few faithful ones who dared to receive

e o f them . Later on in the Regist r appears a long list names with this superscription “ m o f such in e 46 Na es as were baptized the y ars , 47 48 49 50 , , , ; all which were registered by the then

1 5 8 HI STORY O F CHIPP E NHA M.

D C C ay s in the hurch , hapel , or in the Market Place , on three Marke t D ays . T h Now fo r the ﬁrst marriage . e contracting par

e e S o f ettlet o n i ti s are G orge argent, N , and El zabe th

B w o f C e m C o ro n , hipp nha ; notice was given in hurch n

4th 1 8th 2 5th o f D ec. , , and , at the close the morning

e e e . G ex rcises , and no xc ption had eorge and Elizabeth

’

f J u e e C . appeared be ore stic Stokes, eith r at apt Taylor s, ’ th e at e at White Hart , or the magistrat s own house at w Tytherton Lucas, ith two witnesses , who are examined — o n oath touching the premises and then John takes Elizabeth by the hand and says

1 G e e h e e th e e e e o f G OD th e Se r , org , do r in pr s nc , a cher o f e k e ee El e for m w e e w fe h arts , ta th , izab th, y dd d i ; and do

h e e e o f G OD ef e e e w also in t e pr s nc , and b or th s itn esses ” o ee l f f l n promise to b e unt th a oving and aith u husba d .

o n h er Elizabeth , part, now takes George by the

m mutatis mutandis w hand , and says the sa e words, ( , ) ith “ ” “ obedient lo n the additional word , as well as vi g and ” s m man faithful. Ju tice Stokes then declares the to be — and wife and they pay 1 2 pence . N0 other kind of

marriage was legal .

Act t the There was express provision in the , tha Justice might dispense with th e p ronunciation of words in the case

m r o f m e o f oinin o f the ar iage du b p rsons, and the j g of

o f no hands in the case those who had hands . A man

f S m might not marry be ore ixteen , nor a wo an before At fourte en years o f age . ﬁrst the entries we re made — and Signed by E . Stokes later o n there were no RE GI ST E RS . 1 59

1 659 solemnizations . In nine persons were married, “ C Ita presumably in hurch, as the page is subscribed,

re i t t r on. ea car. tes a u , J G , V The Co rporat ion chest contains some parchments reciting th e D eclaration Of the B ailiff and B urge sses “ ” against The Solemn League and Covenant . The

o f m 1 67 9 ﬁrst these docu ents now existing is dated , and it is Singular that the D eclarations continued to

f w 3 rd be made, even a ter the Revolution , do n to year

o f u A 1 7 05 . Q een nne , It runs thus

In conformity to th e late Act o f Parliame nt m ade in L C l th e 1 3th e o f S e e e . the G e y ar our ov r ig n ord , har s II by rac l ” o f G OD o f E l e e D . F . ng and , Franc , and Ir and , King ,

A . B . e l e a h eld e e l e l I , , do d c ar th t I th r i s no ob igation

m e an e e fr m th e mm l ll upon or y oth r p rson o oath, co on y ca ed th e S lem Le e C e a th e me o n ag u and ov nant, and th t sa was an

l wf l h m e th e e o f un a u oat , and i pos d upon subj cts this realm ” the k w l w l e e o f th e against no n a s and ib rti s King dom .

T HE C OMM UNI ON PLA T E .

A Chalice was left fo r the use o f the Church by the

C m 1 553 . Royal o missioners in , weighing nine ounces

no t . e This does remain It was probably replac d, in

69 m S 1 7 , by two s all ilver cups, eggshaped, inscribed “ D eo et E ccl 1 7 69 . The same inscription appears

o r F o n the Two Patens ; Two Tankards, lagons, are “ “ D ec et E col A C o f inscribed modern halice,

v Elizabethan proportion and design , engra ed with the

- 1 87 9 . vine and wheat ears, was given in 1 60 S R O F E M HI TO Y CHIPP N HA .

T HE B ELL S .

e They are eight in number . Th y were all cast by Rudh ll f a o 1 7 34. , Gloucester, in the year

They are inscribe d ‘ ? Let us ring fo r t he Church and King .

P P e eac and g ood n eighbourhood . W P h n P rosperity to t e T ow n a d ar ish .

P T he ft of J N r i Es . g i ohn o r s, q

‘

P T e e ell w e e all A . Rudh all Of Gl e . h s b s r cast by , ost r

Q Prosperity to th e Church o f Eng land .

M e . B a liﬂ L al ml . G e . N U . S nity and oy ty a artyn , nt y

E u Ge . J N ri s . A G Q . ohn or s q and nthony y, nt

Churchwardens .

H UR H ARD E ’ RE ORD C C W NS C S .

The Account B ook o f the Parish Church o f Chip

1 . penham commences A . D . 62 0 It is bound in parch

Of m . ment, a page an old issal

s Chief rent fo r th e Alms House paid to Sir Edward Baynton 2 . n k in th R Pl A e w des e eading ace .

2 1 T he R e M e J m e . 1 6 . ing rs on his aj sty ( a s I ) passing

t hrough the town 1 08 .

“ ’ Rate for relief of poore Prisoners in th e King s

B e Marsh alse m a med l e m e nch y, y so di rs and arin rs,

d . (it the Gaole o f Fish erton Ang er £2 58 . 8

A l fo r th e desk e e fo r th e mm c oth , a carp t co union

le mm cu w l e tab , a co union p ith g i t cov r

62 F E 1 HI STORY O CHIPP NHAM.

D o w e Sir J D e his H D . h n ohn anv rs son ( e nry anvers) m e 8 . 6 ca 1 d .

m e th e l ull For ending a s at so diers p e d do wn 8d .

1 m k le th e C w th e l e 1 65 . For a ing c an hurch hich so di rs

deﬁled 3 s . 6d .

M n l f T o Edw . au dre l or defacing th e King s Arms

2 5 . 6d .

o f T he walls o f the N. S ide th e Church rebuilt

D the e l e I igg ing ﬁv s p ac s .

F o r i t he la e fo r m e n i carry ng hour g ss , ding bring ng hi m ag ain 5d .

2 . T h e R e w e th e w as l m 1 66 ing rs h n King proc ai ed 2 S . 6d .

u th m For setting p e King s ar s £5 .

B ad er k lle th T o a g ray ( g ) i d in e parish Is .

T h l e and e surp ic hood £5 4s . 8d .

l l u and fr e £3 1 P 88 . u pit c oth , c shion ing

eh o ck e Fo r a He dg 2 d . For th e relief o f poor Chris tiaii Captive s in T urk ey 1 2 £6 s .

CHARI T IE S .

Bull gave £2 0 to be lent out to tradesmen and

apprentices in sums Of £5 each . Sir Henry Baynton left £2 0 to be lent to poor arti

ﬁcers in sums o f £6 1 3 4 each . Richard Woodland gave £5 Richard Pearse ( 1 62 3)gave £5 £2 Walter Gale ( 1 62 7 )gave on loan . V 1 630 £2 Wm . Proudlove, icar, ( )gave 1 639 £ 1 0 Thos . Hawkins ( ) gave 1 63 CHARITI E S .

A Milshum f £ 1 0— to 1 642 . dam le t the interest be applied to th e repairs o f the chimes o f the Church .

All th e above b e que sts are lost .

1 61 5 Of um his In , Thomas Ray, New Sar , gave dwelling house and thirte en small teneme nts in Sarum fo r o f e Of C the beneﬁt poor clothi rs Trowbridge , hip

e nham . p , Westbury, and Marlborough , in turns

1 62 8 e o f In , Rob rt Gale , Vintner and citizen London , l e ft £2 0 a year to be distributed by the Bailiff and B ur — gesses to deserving poor at the Parish Church a pre acher

2 0 for m B ff o f to have / a ser on , and the aili and six the ancientest B urgesses t o have 2 0/ to drink withal fo r

F r m their pains . o any years all the deserving second

e f poor o f the whole parish r ceived a hal crown each . f C 1 . o 688 e f Mrs Hawkins, hippenham , in , l t the intere st o f £ 1 0 to b e paid by the B ailiff to six poor

Widows o f F ree men .

m f m S o f Henry S ith , or erly citizen and ilversmith

’ o 1 642 f e e G e o f C L ndon , in , le t stat s to the ov rnors hrist s

a fo r e o f n - e o f Hospit l the ben ﬁt twe ty thr e parishes, (

C e m o ne e e S u which hipp nha was ), that c rtain r nts ho ld be expende d fo r t he relief o f impotent and aged poor in the purchase o f clothing Of o ne colour with some badge

W m me m e e — o r by hich the donor ight be re b r d else , in t he di o f o n stribution bread, ﬂesh , or ﬁsh every Sabbath

Day publicly in t he Church .

1 68 1 G e G In , abri l oldney charged his lands at Tytherton with a payment o f £ 6 a year to provide coa ts fo r six hone st labourers . 1 64 S OF E HI TORY CHIPP NHAM .

W e o f C e 1 687 John icks , g nt, hipp nham , in , gave

e h f o f Pi smore F e eight acr s and a al land in p i ld , to the

C w fo r Minister and hurch ardens, to provide clothing the

e f w w e p ople o the to n here ther was most need .

1 3 5 Sir F n m 1 . l . 7 1 4ac. r 0 In , ra cis Popha , demised p

o f F the o f C f land at oxham , in parish hristian Mal ord ,

w o f C m o f w to the to n hippenha , the rents hich lands f e F . were to be divid d among six poor reemen , whom Sir

m o r ef o f Popham , and his heirs, might no inate ; in d ault

m u B ff such no ination, s ch as the aili and body corporate

might appoint . By th e recitals contained in a deed o f appointment ’ F m n C f e th e ree e s Au . 30 1 7 8 1 o new truste s to harity, g , ,

' it appears th a t £ 1 000 had bee n investe d by William

th e u o f £ 1 1 00 3 e . C Colborne in p rchase per c nt onsols, standing in the names o f Sir James T ylney Long and

e e f 1 ee o . 7 other trust s, upon trusts d clar d in a deed Nov ,

T he o f o f 1 7 69 w 1 7 69 . trusts the deed ere such that the dividends o f the £ 1 1 00 should b e applied to th e

o f f me f e w e o f o f beneﬁt such ree n , or re om n , the borough

e m e Chipp nha , in mon y, clothing , or provisions, as the

trustees Should think ﬁt . Latte rly all the distributions

o f f e were in money, sums rom ten shillings to thr e

c o f . po unds, ac ording to the needs the recipients

in 1 834 e f o f £ 1 00 Ann B radbury, , l t the interest to

t e f e be laid out in blanke s , provid d that every ﬁ th y ar the

d e o f interest be reserve , and exp nded in the restoration

’ her Sisters tomb .

1 M 66 H ISTO RY o r CHIPP E NHA .

No e e are w e b e l e e d soon r orn to iv th n y , Ovr ﬁ d a d as s vr e of o vr l rst y oth vs ast, Whils t evry moment w e d o e has ten ny ’ ’ T o o vr l e me w h ave liv d ong ho , and is past ; F o r man t o live here eve r cannot b ee ; A Long e t o enjoy w e m vst no t think . chang e ’ Attends vs and t h o v g ro ne ing wail s t to s ee ’ T d a e S o vle li e e e l s e e m d hat y , D ar , f h r at ast strang , " ‘ ’ lw as s ick nes now li v st w e e a e V ht , thot h n d th hath g Its malice and s o e e nded hath all g reif Happy b e those mishaps whi ch the e have b rcvght

A g aine fvll 108 and in t hy de ath a life .

Here lyeth the b odye o f Alice the wife o f Thomas Longe Gent : late deceased shee departe d this life the D ni 1 41 1 7 th day o fNovember ano 6 .

Re ader b eh olde what little staya o r t rvs t Is t o b e e sett o n m an whose strength is dvs t o e w ell t h e b le e o n e C nsid r y ritt stat arth, ’ How ev ery e m o ment s s vbj e ct vnt o de ath ; ’ Amend then what s amiss t hy sins forsake Rep ent in t ym e p e ace in t hy conscience m ak e ; Death Spareth none y e t w he n h ee strik es or h o w ’ F o r man be e e t is t o o mvch n w for hand to k o .

Richard Foreman late o ne o f the B vrg esses o f this Borough departed this liffe the 2 5th day o f March ano l D ui 1 639 whose body here yet h b vryed . Erected in commemoration o f William Pew gent :and

f e f Grace his wi e , the said William depart d this li e Octo

3 1 . 1 648 G e t ber ano Dom , and race d par ed this life the

1 635 e f Av . 2 5th o g whose bodi s lie here in t erred . Mo riendo v iv imus Vpo n the death o f Mr William Pew

G w fe b vried the and Mrs race his i in same grave .

B e hold my g rave is no w a nuptial] b ed Whom once o n e arth in e arth I no w d o e w e d W t h chast e embrace s de ath was no t v nkind To part vs so that she e may strong er bind No re ader now o vr blisse is near co m ple at e F o r here o vr dvs t above o vr s o vles doe mee ts M ME ONU NTS . 1 67

Here lyeth the B odys o f Alice Hawkins Daughter o f Robert Hawkins late o f Hardenhuish Clothier Shee de

fe S f u 1 65 parted this li on the l st o A g . 7 aetat suae 2 9

Nupt iw repl eut t e rram Paradis um Am b . Virg initas . t f m Here lye h the body o Tho as Hawkins Gent . late o ne o f the B vrg esses o f this Borough who departed this

4 D m . life the th day o f ece be r ano do J67 6.

T h e e t wo e e b e fath r and son s unit d , This g rave co nt aines whats m o rt all o f ye thre e ; T h e mo e l e t o e o l th r a so n ar thos d th y , l s no u nio s l i Whose s o v e do bt e ye fe ic ty .

e m o f e Purb rick M . A . 2 3 V of In m ory L wis , years icar

e o f C this Parish , and R ctor Tytherton Lucas near hip

e nh am wh o e 2 6 Au t 1 860 A e 55 Y . A p , di d g , g d ears lso o f A Pu rb rick e 2 5 1 840 nna , His Sister, who di d May ,

A 3 1 Y Purb rick A ged ears, Mary , His unt, who died

1 9 th Octr 1 847 A 7 2 Y . Purb rick , ged ears Hannah , his

1 8 A 1 849 A e 8 1 Y a Moth er wh o died pril g d ears . S rah

A wh o e 2 4 1 855 A 8 1 Clarke , His unt , di d June , ged

e f m Y All . A o ears . buried at Tyth rton Lucas lso Em a S i Purb rick e 7 F e b . 1 881 A 7 6 , His ist r , who d ed , ged

’

S . m m Y B e t e C e B . A o f ears . uri d in Ja s e et ry, ath lso

A e C e e e 1 4 Mary nn ath rine Park r, His Sist r, who died

1 882 A e 7 9 Y . B C m Jany , g d ears uried in the e etery,

Ealing .

A larg e allar tomb inscribed on top

Ar mig er h o c t vmvl o iacet hic g enoro s v s opaco e B o vi no minat vs e Andr as aynt n q rat, v em e nv xt m le be e not v s vb i ve e do v ardvs Q g i s n q , r ui s cit h v m o H vivs erat he re s n vnc e q e .

AO D m . 1 570. 1 6 O F 8 HI STO RY CHIPP E NHAM.

Here lie th the bodie o f Tho mas Hunge rford th e sonne f f L o f A o ea . nthony Hunger ord the , gent who departed 1 5 1 2 f A 665 e 2 e r . this li e ugust th , ag d y a s

l e th th e B o f e fe Near this place y ody Elizab th , the wi o f t e e o f the wh o e Jonathan Sco t, g nt, lat Ivy, depart d

if 2 5th o f A A D 1 7 1 8 this l e the day pril , nno omini ,

A ge d 7 7 Ye ars .

Ne ar this place lye th t he Body o f Mr . Jonathan

S o f who e e f 2 8th da o f cott, ye Ivy , d part d this li e ye y A 85 e . J An D o m . e . o an , g d y ars

ux t a L e m J acet e Elino ra J huno apid s pulta , uxor

J o nath anis S h u us Paro chiae F e cot , de ive , j , ilia H nrici

B a liife nu e r de C e m arm . uoe o b do rmivit 4 y , p hipp nha , q i 1 4 1 die F eb ruar i 66 A ZEtat : ee 6 . , nno su

ae m eccat is m nndi e d ol eb at Qu odo p v xata , o ns na ll J am Christo e t Sanctis c o t i a D e o .

e L e th B o f B e who e e Her y the ody John rook s, d part d

A . 2 . 1 2 2 A e 8 th f D ec D . 7 t f 7 o . his li e the , g d years

ux . J B e ﬁlia D m T hom Maria , ohannis rook s, o ini as

F e reb C s nu er V di nissimi y, de Episcopi anning , p icarii g , d e m m die o ctob ris m 1 9 ° e e ci o septi o ortua , j usd m mensis

1 666 se pulta .

d e o d le iis ret io s a m Cara , i cta p . p arito,

Vicinis le au e rib us ue . , nis p p q fuit

ON T H E F LOO R .

e th e B o f fe o f H re lieth ody Jane , the wi Jonathan

S . 2 d 1 7 7 4 A 44 . cott, who died Jan , ged years

F O F ON LOO R SOUTH A I S L E .

em o f fe o f G e In M ory Elizabeth , Wi orge Scott, who 1 7 33 W l d 2 8 45 e . AlsO a ter o f ied July the , , aged y ars , , son

F E HI STORY O CHIPP NHAM .

o f h f 1 6 this town . She died the 2 6t o October 7 7 aged 44 . A n . 2 9 1 7 9 2 years lso Mary Jenni gs, died Sept , . 5 aged 7 years .

A B rass taken out. . lice Hawkins

B o vr 2 6 1 8 1 5 . Willim allenger who died N the ,

aged 56 years .

O r 1 3 1 ct 7 59 e 3 8 . Eliz h John Warne died th, , ag d t

D au h r of e Elizth Octr 5th Jones g Rog r Warne died ,

1 7 82 43 Elizth f Of l , aged Wi e Roger Warne died Ju y

1 5 . f 2 7 6 7 8 A o . , , aged nna, daughter John Eliz 2 e A 2 1 7 87 e 2 7 . f Warne , di d pril , , ag d years Mary , wi e 2 1 o f A di d Nov . 0 7 9 9 e rchibald Litle, gent, who e , ag d

42 . f Of years Elizabeth , wi e John Warne, she died July

1 3 1 802 7 4 v e ars . , , aged

o f f o f In Memory Mary, wi e Thomas Sparrow, who D 1 4 . 2 2 md A . . 7 63 1 . A s died Sept , . aged years l o in

o f e . 6th memory Thomas Sparrow, who di d Nov ye ,

7 1 e 88 . A m o f Ann . . 7 A D 1 , ag d years lso in Me ory ,

f o f A 1 5 A . D . 1 7 7 7 wi e Thomas Sparrow, who died pril , ,

aged 82 years .

In Memory o f George Stucley who died Feb . ye

d 1 7 55 44 . A l eth B of 2 3 , aged years lso here y the ody

o f Stucle G eorge , son George and Margaret y, who de

h f . . D 3 f 7 t o A . 1 7 6 parte d this li e the day Sept . aged

1 9 years and 6 months . h o f B n . 2 5t In Memory James ar es, who died Dec ye ,

44 a e 57 . 1 7 , g d 1 1 MONUME NTS . 7

o f A . o f In memory braham Noble, gent Maldon in

f e fe 1 1 the county o Ess x, who departed this li March ,

1 7 48 e 57 . , ag d years L W o f Wm . e illiam , son and Margaret ov grove, died

3 M r L F 2 2 nd 1 7 4 1 6 . a t ebruary , , aged years g ovegrove

e h 2 1 1 7 57 a 67 . A di d Marc , ged years lso Margaret 1 0 1 802 0 e e d 7 e . Lov grov , spinster, die June , aged y ars

W e F eb . 1 8th 1 7 7 8 illiam Lovegrove di d ye , aged

A Am e e 2 3 rd 8 4 years . lso brose Lov grove di d June ye

1 7 88 66 . A o f A , aged years lso Mary, Relict mbrose

9 h 1 800 e 1 e e . t 8 . Lov grove , di d Sep ye , ag d years Underneath this stone lie s interred the Remains o f

Ann f o f m o f Ro wdendo wn , wi e Richard S ith , who died d 2 2 nd 1 7 7 0 e 63 . A March the , , ag years lso Richard 8 1 7 7 4 32 e . . A their son , di d March the , aged years lso

m who de . f 6 1 7 7 7 e Richard S ith p this li e March , , ag d

7 0 years .

F Verchild f of B Ver rancis Hill , wi e Lewis rotherson

o f o f . C child ( the Island St hristopher, in the West 1 e fe 2 0th . 8 1 0. Indies), d parted this li Sept W o f o f Wm . In memory illiam Gale, son and Eliz .

who e . 2 4 1 7 54 5 . A Gale, di d Nov , , aged months lso Mary , 2 7 1 7 65 e o ne . their daught r, died May the , aged year

e e t he B o f . W f o f Her li th interred ody Eliz , the i e Wm .

1 3 o f . 1 69 G e 7 e 40. A ale , who died y day Nov , ag d lso

f . e B o G . . 1 8 the ody the said Wm al , gent died Jany ,

1 800 e 7 2 . , ag d

m o f s o f e In me ory John Wil on , son Steph n and

. 2 6 1 7 64 e 7 4 l . Mary Wi son , who died Oct , , ag d years 1 7 2 S OF I E M HI TO RY CH PP NHA .

e B o f D Here lieth y ody John unn , who died June 1 1 A . D . 7 60 84 7 . A the , , aged years lso here lieth the

f Ann fe o f D B o No v . 1 3 ody , wi John unn who died the ,

A . D . 1 7 60 7 4 e . , aged y ars

B o f C f o f e Here lieth the ody atherine , wi e Jos ph

C e f 1 6 . 1 7 5 A . D 3 olborne, who depart d this li e June , ,

aged 65 vears .

B of f of J C Here lieth the ody Jane , wi e oseph olborne,

3 1 7 55 2 8 . A who died Sept, ye , , aged years lso Jane,

o f C daughter Joseph and Jane olborne , who died March

3 1 7 3 . , . . aged years

m e r o f Ann f o f . In memo y , wi e Thos Hol es , who di d

8 1 7 64 47 . A o f July ye , , aged years lso in memory 8 1 7 88 84 Thos . Holmes who died May ye , , aged years .

A if o f Wm . B . 1 2 lso Elizabeth , w e owsher, died Jan ,

81 6 59 . 1 , aged years Here lieth the B ody o f John Emmett who departed

hi f 1 2 o f . 1 7 1 1 52 . l eth t s li e the Nov , aged years Here y

B o f f o f m the ody Margaret, the wi e Nicholas Em ett,

1 3 A . . 1 1 e if . D 7 6 65 who depart d this l e Sep , , aged years .

l eth B o f . if o f C Here y the ody Eliz , w e Joseph olborne,

if 1 4 o f Feb . A . D . 1 7 h . 2 w o dep this l e day . aged 1

A l eth B o f C s . v year lso here the ody Joseph olborne,

B of B o who . f . 7 1 7 34 urgess this or w, dep this li e Oct ye , ,

aged 5 1 years . Near this place Lyes interred the B ody o f Mr Gilbert

f o f C D . was C B . Lake, who ormerly Student hrist hurch ,

f 1 5 V o f in Ox ord , and years icar this place, the Income o fwhich he had the pleasure OfAugmenting by procuring

S OF E 1 7 4 HI TORY CHIPP NHAM .

h 1 Elizth ﬁlia o nat m o . 013 , J R gers, Gen l secundo die

1 6 7 . Aug . 7

e Ar. ob I t 2 6 A i A Johann s Holland, J pril s nno Dom .

1 2 ZEt at 52 . 7 3 .

D rothma ux . 2 li o Ar. O l; 0A , Johis Holland , l pri s,

1 . 1 7 2 6, Hit 5

l eth o f Here y Jane, the daughter John and Mary 8 1 7 29 Merewether, who was born June the , , and died

. 3 1 1 7 3 1 . A e D Oct the , lso El anor, their aughter, who 1 D ec. 6 . A . D . 7 39 . A l died th lso Wi liam , their Son , who

1 A . . 7 7 D 1 41 . Al died May the , so Edward , their Son ,

e F 1 3 A . D . 1 745 . A who dy d ebruary , lso William, their

1 9 1 7 47 . Son , who died June ,

l eth B o f fe o f Here y the ody Mary, wi John Mere 1 2 56 5 1 7 0 . wether, who died July , , aged years

V D esideratissimi o h Hic jacent Ossa iri , J annis Mere

M. E . E die C Oxo niense s wether, , hristi apud olim C f Co m . u , qui nulli s interim seu boni ivis, seu Patris ami

Oﬁicii immemor e miseris Levamen : lias , M dicinam Haud

Lib eralitatis d annos am liu minori quam Ingenii Lau e, p s

dr int a hoc f e exercuit q ua ag In Municipio elicit r . Obiit D i 1 4 ZE t u 2 4 A 7 7 ta is s m 88 . Maii , nno om ni ,

c Senr A the 2 1 1 7 7 7 Richard Po ock died ugust , , aged

A B o f f e . o f 68 y ars lso the ody Sarah , wi e Richard

f 2 6 of 1 81 Pocock , who departed this li e the day May, 7

A o f . f aged 32 years lso in Memory Jane , the wi e o f

Senr. de . f 2 1 f Richard Pocock, who p this li e the day o

1 7 85 e 7 6 . May, , ag d years

e l eth B o f f o f i Her y the ody Mary, wi e Richard Lew s, MONU ME NTS . 1 7 5

D f o f C . e o o f S orsham , Esq , and aught r Giles James, her

‘ sto n Pinck ne A who . f y, gen ; ged sixty years dep this li e

. m 1 69 7 . ye 2 7 o f Feb Anno D o . D o f J e e . A . 1 5 c O . 7 0 In Memory ames Hall, who di d ,

aged 35 years .

G : 5th 1 7 7 3 e 5 8 . Roger Warne, ent died June , , ag d

T o e m o f . in the M ory Mrs Eliz Warne, spinster, born

1 686 . 1 7 63 . , and died in Jan f w o f r e . Sarah , ye i e Hen y Singer, g nt , died Sept .

9 th 1 7 7 5 . n . . 1 8 1 8 , Henry Si ger, gent , died Oct , 7 7 ,

aged 7 0.

l . 2 2 . B azill a Cha a l Feb A D . 1 7 52 e 6 pp died , , ag d 1

years .

B o f Wm B Here lieth the ody radbury, who departed

1 63 e 43 4 A . D . 7 . f D ec. 2 A f this Li e , , ag d years lso o

f f D ec. 2 7 Clementina, his wi e , who departed this li e ,

1 85 63 e . A . D . 7 , aged y ars

C Arm . Et A Franciscus ock, Roberti Pater Ex gro

rfolcim D hmo D o rmiens V f No , Hic ormit ; qui erba acit,

m So mnians et v i ilans m Memor Na g se per erat Mortis ,

Coe S Ressurrect Coelo natus lum piro , mundum calco urus . h l D o ct rinm felicissimus amat o r . T eo o gim prmcipue seien

et Ecclesim D fe Reli io nis asiduus tior, Regis e nsor, g cul

Peccant es Lib errime T em erantiam F tor, arguit, p , idem,

i ntiam D ictis f Commendav it A t errenis Pat e , acto , se

xit A ex cit avit m ut ab stra ; lios ad Superna , O nibus posset

profuit . Ob IJt Anno salutis 1 7 04 Jan . die { ZEtatis autem sum 8 1 M 1 7 6 HI STORY OF CHIPP E NHA .

NORTH CHAP E L .

l eth B of f o f Here y the ody Elizabeth , ye wi e Richard

o f : who 2 2 nd o f Long this parish , Gen died the Octo

9 n he f f E r A D om . 6 . An t o s nno j j , wi e Thomas Long, q ,

di . 2 4 1 7 2 4 7 2 . A if o f ed Oct ye , , aged lso Mary, w e

Es r 6th 1 7 7 3 Thomas Long, q , who died July the , , aged

7 2 years .

o f . . . LONG Monkton H S Thomas Long de Rowden,

° : ui Ob i t 2 1 A D om : 69 . Gen q j Maij , nno j j Thomas

Es r D 9 th 7 30 7 3 . Long q ied May the j , j , aged

l eth o f A if Near this place y the body nna Maria, w e o f m f i f Sa uel Twy ord, who departed th s li e November

9 th AnnO D o m . 7 2 2 . j , j JJ, aged years Near this place

l eth B o f An i d of also y the ody na Mar a, aughter Samuel

f 2 . Twy ord, aged months

eare vnto of Ivdeth N this stone Lieth the body Snell,

f of o f Lox well : late wi e Richard Snell , gent eldest

ll B l e d o f a ff o f Movnton . who aughter Wi iam y y , Esq , e f f D A° D mi o 1 62 8 . departed this li e the third ecember , Neare vuto this Place lyeth interred the B odie o f

A dav hter o f Samvel f of B vrro v h nne, the g Twi ord this g

0 . the 1 3th o f D A Gent , who was baptized day ecember, .

1 67 2 f l 6th o f , and departed this li e the day Ivue,

0 A 1 67 4.

Ns are this Stone lies enterred the Body of Elizabeth

B a liffe o ne o f D o f w y , the aughters Ed ard Goddard, late o f Hartham f o f W B a liffe , Gent, late Wi e illiam y , now f M n k n m o ov c to f . , Gentle an , who departed this li e No v 5 3 rd, 1 6 2 .

1 78 S O F HI TORY CHIPP E NHAM .

. B . Ob nt ulu 1 2 A D 1 7 5 6 E t atis sum 50. M , J , nno omini ,

Hie e A Prmdieti etiam s pulta est nna, Johannis Mere

' ﬁli 1 1 di 1 82 Ann tat sum a . e 3 e E is wether , Ob Martis, , Hi m 85 . e Prmdieti ohannis etia sepulta est Eleanor, J

ﬁlia Ob t 1 7 Se t e mb ris 1 83 1 A o Merewether , mo die p , nn

JEtatis 89 .

Near this place Lyeth the B ody o f the Rev . Mr .

C V o f W f fo r Robert ock, icar this Parish , who by ill le t ever the yearly Produce o f Fifty Pounds (which was all he had)for Teaching Poor Girls to Read and Instructing them in the Knowledge and Practice o f the Christian ’ Religion as Profess d and Taught in the Church o f ’ D d : 4th A o D o m : 1 7 24 England . He y Oct nn ,

ZEtat : 57 .

In memory o f William Heaven Wicks who died

A 2 2 nd 1 83 8 54 . A s o f pril , , aged years l o Mary Parkin W e f o f M . A . Wilson , the belov d wi e John ilson , and only

l o f a a o W e W chi d Jo nna and the b ve illiam Heav n icks, h 2 5th 1 848 2 3 4 w o died October , , aged years and

And o f J fe of e months . lastly oanna , wi the abov di 7 th 1 868 i . s Will am H Wick , who ed June , , aged

84 years .

— A ndre ndow SS . Matthew and w and A p ainted wi , — various angels Visiting the sick clothing the naked — — feeding the hung ry entertaining the atranger . To the glory o f God and in loving memory o f B roo ms Pinnig e r

f wh o f f on and Martha his wi e ell asleep , the ormer June

oth 1 8 75 o n 2 7 t h 1 87 0 l , , the latter March , This me morial window is placed by their eldest daughter and E MONU M NTS . 1 7 9 only son in this church where their Parents worshipped

1 882 . together fo r nearly 5 0years .

m m o f G Es r o f In e ory abriel Goldney q , this parish ,

3 rd o f A 1 7 9 0 58 e . A who died the ugust , aged y ars lso o f Thomas Goldney Esq r brother o f the above who died

2 8th o f 1 7 9 7 e 60 e . A Of the October , ag d y ars lso Sarah relict o f the above Gabriel Goldney who died the 2 9 th o f January 1 8 1 4 aged 7 8 years . In a vault underneath are deposited the remains o f

Esmead Es r o f C Edridge q , Monkton j uxta hippenham ,

March 1 2 th 1 81 2 64 . A nd o f who died , aged years

C who e Feb r 1 3th atherina Elizabetha, his widow, di d y ,

1 82 6 e 7 8 . A o f m Es r , ag d years lso Tho as Edridge q

d A 2 3rd 1 830 1 8 . A f who die pril , aged years lso O Edward Michell Es q r who died D eer 1 7 th 1 834 in his

A s o f A 5 8th year . l o nne Michell who died June 1 9 th

1 844 60 . A o f F , aged years lso Graham rancis Moore

Esmeade Es r e C a S 8th Michell q who di d at obh m, urrey,

1 883 7 7 . October , aged years

C f o f A Isabella Maria onstantia Edridge , Wi e braham

o f Pock ered e C o f Lloyd Edridge, g in the ounty Wilts, 2 8th 1 82 0 44 died March , , aged years In Memory o f Henry Singe r Esq re who died Octo ber

1 8th 1 7 7 8 7 0 o f e Es re , , aged years, Richard Sing r q , his

So n d A 2 7 th 1 802 63 , who die pril , , aged years, and o f

e o f me n Harriet, Daught r the above na d Richard Si ger

f e e 3 oth 1 7 9 0 by Maria Parry his Wi e, who di d Octob r , ,

e m . aged 7 Years . Their R ains are deposited in t he A Chancel o f this Church . lso in Memory of Richard 1 80 HI STORY OF CHIPP E NHAM .

' of 3 nd Oriel Singer Esquire , late his Majesty s 2 Regt , only So n Of the said Richard Singe r by Maria Parry his

W f e 1 5th 1 8 1 8 e 37 Ye . i e, who di d October , , ag d ars His Re mains are deposited at North Wraxall in this in C . A e o f S t ounty lso M mory Maria Parry inger, Relic o f e e 2 6th o f the above Richard Sing r Esquir , who died 6 A 1 82 3 7 . e t pril, , aged years Her remains are d posi ed

at North Wraxall .

o f an in To the Memory John Gould Heath , Ensign

D m o f l o f o f the orset Regi ent Mi itia , son John Heath

He e i a . Iv B th s Pl ce , Gentleman di d suddenly at y ridge

C Of D the Inn in the ounty evon , and was interred in

Church - Yard Of Harford in which Parish th e Inn is

h o f 1 8 1 : ﬁ 4 7 t 0 t : 2 . situated . Obiit June, years

A t o e o f e lso the M mory the abov named John Heath,

m o f e 1 8 14 G entle an , who died the l st day Nov mber, , Ann f 5 3 . A w o aged years lso , wido John Heath, who

di 2 2 nd 1 82 7 63 . ed January , , aged years

m o f y who March In emory William Gundr , Esq died f e . A 4 A . D . 1 853 7 o if , , aged . . y ars lso Ruth , his w e,

ho 4 A . D . 1 855 52 . re w died May , , aged years Their

t B e mains are deposi ed in ackwell church , Somers tshire .

m Of m fo r e In me ory Mr Willia Poole, many y ars

Of B fe treasurer this orough , who departed this li June 7 ,

1 850 e 69 . e m i e D . A . , ag d years His r ains are nt rred at

in o f m Newton St Le e the Co unty So e rse t . To c ertify to the man y virtues which characterized his exemplary and useful life this tablet is ere cte d by his friends and fell ow townsmen .

1 82 F I B HI STORY O CH PP NHAM.

o f o C who Here lyes ye body George Sc tt, lothier, f Au 2 4 A0 D 9 departed this li e g ye :j6 8 mtat : Sum 44. ’ Nears this place lys interr d ye b ody o f John Scott

son o f Mr J S C ho gent, ohn cott lothier w departed this 4t h f A An life the day o pril o Dom 1 7 00mtatis .

o f n f B r esses The body Walter Scott gen . late o e o v g o f this B vrrovgh who died ye ﬂifteenth of March Anne

D m . E t 5 o ﬁ g atis svm 5 .

ehn . so n o f e hn C 4 J Scott, gent J Scott, lothier, i — 32 . Aprill 1 7 00mtat s sum Pre v . xiv .

Rem ember what T h e wise man saith T h e Rig ht eous Hath hope in death . 44 George Scott Clothier Aug 2 4 1 689 est . sum

Trust not vain man in health or streng th Or any worldly sto re F or stript and naked yo u must g ee Where I am g one before . B ut trust in GOD and keep His laws And then lay blame on me When you come here into th e g rave If Death part GOD thee .

Nears this place lieth the b o dy o f Alice the wife o f Henry G ovldney Clothier and the davghte r of Mr Richard Scott who was interred the 4th day Of Aprill

1 67 0 and was b a ptiz ed the 1 1 th o f Octobe r 1 638 .

f of T homas C o f B urreu h Mary, wi e happell this g ’ u o f A t of GOD S Clothier, da r Mr Thos ndrews minis er Word at Shas te n Ce Dorset 1 5 Feb 1 639

Noe soo ner are we borne to live then dy Our ﬁr st da y doth assure us of o ur last Whils t every moment we doe haste n nig h MONUM E NTS . 1 83

’ To o ur long home 65 what w have lived is past . F o r man to live here eve r cannot b e t o e we e m hi e Long njoy ust not t nk , a chang A e us rone in wait s t s e e tt nds , and thou g g to T da e le l e e e l e e me e hat y, d ar sou , if h r at ast s d strang Twa e ne w livst w e e a w s sickn ss , thou h n d ath h th roug ht Its mali ce and s ee e nded hath all g reif Happy b e those mishaps wh thee have broug ht A g ainefnl loss in thy death a life .

A large monument with two brass p lates .

Memo riall o f First brassplate. The Sr Gilbart

Pr n who dav h r o f Ia ne y , Kt, married Mary the eldest g y

dav hr t o W me nd Car e Lo rd W d Davys , g Sr y y , Kt, ar en

f Stanneries o f e F Frvits f o f o ye , Mr y irst O ﬁce, Kt

B Gilb rt B v iss ve ye athe , the said Sr ryn ha ing by ye

f seav en 2 5 dav hrs said Mary his wi e children sonnes g , ﬁve o f wch 2 so nnes 3 dav grs are dead ; the other 2 daughrs namely y e eldest o f all Fravnces is married to

F S eime v r e v n est e o f L rd Sr rancys , Kt, y g s nne ye o

B eav ch am heire t o new o f f d p, senne ye Erle Hert or , ye se cond davgh r named Seime vr married to Sr

to e n George Hastings, Kt , second brother H nry ew

f a tin den . b ur ed 2 1 6 O 2 7 . Erle g He was y June , j — — Seco nd brass late . A man in armour a tree a w p oman,

in costume o eriod holdin a b u f p , g o gh .

’ Eche man s a plant : and eve ry tree

i e m an is svb ie ct t o mort alitie . L k ,

u l in d n in row Five bo ghs y g ow a . These b ravneh es dead and fallen away are g one m vnt ill t h u Fro vs e Res rrection .

A man in armour and a woman in costume of the p eriod either side o a ra t each to uchin a bo — f g f , g ugh the same 1 84 HI STO RY O F CHI PP E N HA M.

’ e e ed th vs b w e l e d m e Th s g raft v d ock s sacr d o , (GOD g ravnt e ) m ay ﬂ e v rish e til l those o th er com e .

Ere cted 1 62 8 . 62 8 Sh e t h e. 2 0 Jan . j — — — A p ainted wind o w A nnunciation Visitation B irth — of our Lord Adoratio n of the Magi and various saints and angels .

T O the glory o f G OD and in memory o f James

e wh o f e e 2 7 th 1 884 80th Utt rson , ell asl p June in the year o f his ag e ; this window is given by his widow

Elizabeth Utte rson . In the vault unde rneath are d eposited the remains — W o f me N Es r . se n o f e Ja s orris, q , ( the lat illiam

Norris Esq r. ) o f Nonsuch House in this County who

fe 3 rd 1 835 65 e . departed this li January , , aged y ars

t o e m o f e Ne e f Sacred the m ory Elizab th rris, R lict o

W m e o f Ne nsuch the late illia N rris , Esq , House, Wilts, 5 A di e 2 0 1 80 e 7 5 . t o wh o d May , , ag d lso the memory

D e o f ab o ve o f Elizabeth Norris, aught r the Elizabe th

March 1 7 th 1 805 5 who 6. Norris, died , aged In the vaul t underneath this spot are deposited the

m o f D e nisia N wh o d e 2 5th o f re ains y orris i d on the June,

And also o f A nn who e 1 832 . Mary Norris di d on the

h f 1 834 u o f 1 5t o July , da ghter the late William

r o f e nsuch e Norris Esq N Hous in this County .

L eth B o d o f T homas Fi Near this Place y the y , g f . wh o e the 9 . G th gins Junr , ent depart d this li e day o f

1 7 57 e 2 8 e . Also fe o f August, , ag d y ars Jane the wi

F Senr e . t he 2 0th o f March Thomas iggins , G nt died day ,

1 67 82 . And also B o d Of T ho mas 7 , aged years the y

I r E 1 86 H STORY o CHIPP N HAM .

h A Martyn expired the j7 t o f pril j7 3j aged 7 0 Ye ars . — Robert Martyn of the Inner Temple Esq r their only — Sen died the j2 th o f Augus t j7 33 in the forty - fourth A Year o f his g e .

On th e ﬂoo r a stone to him and his widow Mildred Holland. WE T T Y THE . X V. S R T OJV

HIS Chape lry is so called to distinguish it from East Tytherton in the parish o f Bremhill : it bears also the names o f Tytherton Lucas (from

f m in T it herin ton A a a ily in possession g ( ubrey),

- and m ore anciently T udringto n and Tet kirte n . This is perhaps the T ithering t o n in which T wo Hides o f land ” w e m B t o m ere h ld at the Nor an Survey by orel , who

e e of f b long d the neighbouring Manor Langley, rom which it is separated by the In 1 3 52 Sir John

o f Delamere (then Langley and Leig h)had lands here .

B radenst o k e A e so me bb y possessed lands, which at the

D issolution were granted t o H . Goldney . Aubrey says o f Tytherton It hath been a g ood while in p ossession ”

Stokes and B arrett in artition. of , p On the garden wall o f the old Manor House the shield o f B arrett is still to be seen ; and o n a tablet in the Church the name B L D 2 2 1 62 7 Hugo arrett, who slept in the OR , June , ,

B o 1 7 35 f t . o (a William arrett, b rn , the Historian

t o f r i o C . B r stol, belonged a amily in near hippenham Over the do or o f the Manor Hous e is a handsome stone

1 7 02 hearin o f A shield , dated , g the arms ndrews and

A larg e portion o f Tyt herton w as in Lang ley Burrell until n m lately absorb ed into Chippe ha parish . 1 88 R HI STO Y o r CHIPP E NHAM.

O Townsend . f the Stokes family there are these in scriptions in the Church

He e e e l e t h e o f Mrs . Al e Ja r und rn ath i th body ic cob, l e wife o f T m J o f W to B e e who at ho as acob , oot n ass tt, g nt ,

han t mo l for imm al l f h l f e e t e a o Fe . c g d his rta an ort i , st br

1 653 and left e J Ja o f N t e Sib b illa , issu ohn cob, or on , g nt, th e wief o f Newell Mask eline o f P t e El e ur on , g nt , and izab th

the wife of E w St k e o f r Es . d ard o s, this pa ish, q

U e ne l ce l e th th e o o f E w St k e nd r ath this p a y b dy d ard o s ,

ho e e l fe in t he f L RD E S Esq . w d part d this i aith our O J SU

C ST the 3 1 da o f Oct . the 56 e o f his a e HRI , y in th y ar g ,

A. D . 1 667 .

There are also tablets to the memory o f the families

of C o U B a liﬁe od . r ok, ncles, y , Wo , and others

Au te A o D omini 1 652 was e brey wri s nn , print d ’ o A a bo ke, called The Wiltshire Rant , being Narra

o f mo st un arelleled Pre hane A C tive the p p ctings , oun

t erfeit e s S o f m R penting , and Evil peakings Tho as

o f B ] Wehbe , late pretended Minister Langley urial , by ”

o f T ith erto n . Edward Stokes, Lucas, Esq

o f b o ok o f Edward Stokes, the writer this , was a B family holding property in Langley urrell , Kington

T o o . St . Michael, and Tythert n use his own words

A the e 1 649 o ne T m Weh e me as an bout y ar , ho as b ca

l f l h e e w h rea fe me o f G o d Ang e o ight into t s parts, it a g t r ’ liness e e clo athin f n e w and , in sh p s g ; ur ish d ith cunning expression h e re uls up and down till at last h e tak es up his

Lan le B ell in a e th e e rest at g y urr , and hav g obt in d parsonag ” d r i ed n en man . there h e preache and p act s , as a co sci tious

1 9 0 H I STO RY O F CHIPP E NHAM.

1 680 A Rate made for the dis banding o f the Army 3 months pay £3 5 6 The great And mighty prodigious Wind was uppen the 1 8th day o f February being the Tuesday the e x t ere rdinary great Vo ilence o f it held from 6 o f the clock in the morning till " aft e r 9 1 69 0 Richard Bayle of Standley went to Abram

Ste ak es Es r Aeceuii t , q and made an even with him from the beginning o f the World to that day 1 681 T wo mo st strang unwent ed seasones o f weather the ﬁrst of B rith the second o f rain the month o f Apriell May June till the 2 0th day Af forded ne e raine o f Any consarument at all which brought see great A scarsity o f gras that Cattell was lick t to bee starved but then after the rains came with thunder stormes And sh e we rery weather Ab unddant which brought at the later part o f the years A verey greate sto re o f grase and all the winter after till the Month o f March continued with A most Abundance o f rayne and very t empesteo use windes

ne 1 I b e w An 660 e e . S e , ing th n at dinn r ith Mr tok s at i h erton ew was b in t o w i lw e T t . n s roug ht us that a h r ind had carri d h lm h A som e o f t h e haycocks ove r t e hig h e s b y t e house . kins man o f be l le ld was e o n h a eo ck w lw ours , ing a itt chi , s tt a y , and a hir ind h im u w l t h e h a eo ck e h im e i elm took p , ith ha f y , and carri d ov r h g h s, m o w e w an in t h e ound and laid h i d n saf ithout y hurt next g r . 9 1 W EST TYTH E RTON . 1

From 1 5th o f Apriell to t h e 1 5th May the rains was soo dreadfull that if G OD in His m e rsey had not withhelld it At that time when it was it appeared lickly to destroy ame st All the Lent crop which A great part thereof was much impoverished There have been no such rain by the dayes o f Any o f this generation nor I suppo se in lat ages beefe r us And I pray G OD that never ne e such Rain may com Again neither by this Ages no r Ages to com which the LO RD o ur G OD According to the risb es o f His merey grant Unte o us Amen Sep 5 then bargained with Henry Baynton Esq for the Rev ersun o f the Widdo w Harpers House and Close at the prise o f 2 3 pound And a bre ad pese o f e wld gould which broad pose o f gould was gave in earnese May 3 it snowed exceeding hard with very great

b lo sum es

Spipak house ( 1 ) b e wdo wn house ( 2 ) harte m house (3) Esq ier aishes house (4) Corsham house (5) D race tt house (6) Cadnum house (7 ) bremhill house (8 ) ’ Sir Allunde bridgman s house (9 ) Esq ier hung eferds house ( 1 0) 1 9 2 HI STORY o r CHIPP E N HA M.

1 7 04 All v oyd att preassent there is nee g eent ell man

ne r w man h e se o lives in all t e housses . being writen the 1 4th day o f may 1 7 04 1 7 1 1 From 2 1 D ee till 2 1 March b ut little frost and v eary Little sno w nor raine enough in all that time att o ne time to weatt thorow A g oo d coate then at night a wonderful brave raine Then it b roak e up brave weather

1 e Pa 2 B w e H ll H . Ha ( ) Spy rk . ( ) o d n i ouse (3) rt M C k 4 La le B ell H e . 5 am ham Par . ( ) ng y urr anor ous ( ) orsh

D P k . 7 Cadenham H e B emh l Co urt . (6) raycot ar ( ) ous , r il , belonging to the Hung erfords . (8) T here was no mansion B m ll it ma b e S le H e ea Cal e e at re hi ; y tud y ous , n r n , anoth r

H e f . 9 B w Pa k the e of Sir s eat o f th e ung r ords ) o ood r , s at H r e m . 1 0 P a l Ro w e Orlando B idg an ( ) rob b y d n ouse,

h w e e had in 1 704 a e wa fr m the whic , ho v r, , p ss d a y o

Hungerfords .

1 9 4 HI STORY o r CHIPP E NHAM .

C v e Re . hurch , when the Sermon was preach d by the

. . s t o f Lei hdelamere R D J E Jack on, Rec or g and ural ean , who remarked that no new Church had been built in

that immediate neighbourhood fo r 7 00 years .

B o f D The advowson is vested in the ishop the iocese,

h . o A . w nominated the Rev . T . Strong as ﬁrst Incumbent In 1 866 the Perpetual Curacy was constituted a

c endowed t . Re tory, being with rectorial ithe CE LT IC a nd S AX ON WORD S a nd

EX PRE S SI ONS

o f C h in use in the Parish hippen am , and in the

neighbouring Villages .

T ishshe m to sneeze

G ammuts frolics Wopping bit: B avins rough faggots Contraption contrioance B irl ' Chimp to break 017 sp routs ﬁ ' om p otatoes Chis m

a seesaw

Jiffy an instant

ra s g , tatters Limb a naughty child Rag amuﬁin a rascal Fre ar Dap to rebound Spreeth rendered sore by cold Kex dry stems of p lants 1 9 6 HI STORY OF CHIPP E NHAM .

Whippersnappe r a little notice man Snarl a tangle Snorral Taut tight Mummuck s small pieces

Cre ek a metal or earthen p o t

Shramd perished with cold

i i al Lack a. da s e brown and stron as bacon Rafty g, Haggle to hack deca ed as wood D addi ck y y , D ough fig T urkey fig Lam fi ‘ g t as ennant stone to swea , p small p ieces to glean to deafen with noise

‘ a lizard Evv et an eﬁ ,

G aucum a simp leton

dr ness Dro uth y Slat to sp lit mble bee a dance D umbledor the hu ; eited Heity toity conc common sense d Harum scarum wil it slooenl Slippity sle pp y y Proper (pro pper) crumb of a loaf Rames a skeleton

1 9 8 H I O R OF CHIPPE N ST Y H AM.

to tell tales u on to emind a l Twit p , r of fau t Bloom to come over in heat Blow to blossom Caddle a mess n , confusio Kiddie caddle

Caddlesome troublesome

Swath a scythe fall of grass

B ran - new quite new Swop to exchange Cats cradle a game with string Cree a cry of boys to cease p lay

C a oun ellow a hap y g f , comrade Limp ﬂaccid With a faggot band Quilp to g lutch Clout a smack Ellum strawfor thatch F en to check action at p lay Kez because

Sto wls lower stem and roots ofa Mars roots of a tree Mores Quickset (quick) thorns for hedge B rize to bear heaoily Piert bright and sharp ; saucy sharp and p ainful

a mole

a ﬁeld P R I O N 1 9 9 C E LT I C SAX O N W O RDS E X ESS S

i ndS B ack fr e he o n ers bits of loose skin at t fﬁ g B ack fring e B annut dry stems of p lants Flump a heavy fall Anenst almost C omical curious Rum

irits In a miconomy in low sp he astenin o a HaSp t f g f Rawny bony Rumple to ruﬂ e into folds Mop a hiring fair Mothery Scrunch to crush to mouth at abuse Maunder , ’ willin as I d lie go as s tay Lief g , , f Leaze a right of p as ture Sarsen large stones on the downs Barken a small farm yard B ecall to abuse Charm confused sounds to cr to sob Blubber y, to abuse B allirag to stoo as children do Croo py down p ,

weets c. s , & Grains malt after infusion

B amS

to all heavil as rain Happer down f y, 2 00 H ISTO RY O F C H I PP E NH AM.

a ole 5 ards Lug p , h y

C C to o out to work hore, har g G o g mire a quagmire Lummakin heavy and idle Maggots tricks Gallivanting going a g adding Hulluckye look here Goggles sp ectacles Mazzard the head A dot and a don change of clothes Main very Marly streaked with fat and Flitmegig a wild girl Drock Dribs and Drabs bits Dead year year after death Cham to chew

F condition as T hat round is in ood tle ettle , , g g fet Halm stem of p lant Orra one any Norra o ne none

to s read extend Rastle p ,

s t and ieldin as India rubber Plum of y g , Rumpus a ro w Shard a breach in a hedge

a tear in linen c Skag , & Smeech a dust

Slo makin sluttish

Tall et.

2 2 R H 0 H I STO Y o r C IPP E NH AM .

to toast meat

Rapscallion a rascal

Trim - tram a turnstile

Trit- trot to Trapse Flop thick liq uid Whist wretched

a dilemma C F K G . 203 VI A R. O I N TO N

’ M A T HE VI CA R o r KI N G TON ST . I C H E L S

A ND H IS LUMB AGO .

’ ’ Y V O o cum d dri In e icker Kinet n , he wun day pp home ; ’ ’ Catch d cowld and f to a ; a ore he wur well , walk d hi in um C pp h . ’ Next marnin a fownd as ad got thik Lumbago ; ’ And wur in fo r a co urs e 0 Rice puddiu and sago . ’ To he s Mother a zed, ’ zurel ded I ll y be , D Onless to my UTY at Kineton I may g o . ’ She He s Mother, zed ,

e s Th e be be t where thee be, Kez thee knowest o ur Blankets baint b ad uns ; ’ ’ B ut wul t waalkin i thee be g , ’

no I . t aalkin Taint yuse g , ’ ’ ’ So I ll n mad , e en set thee dow mong they uns ;

s to who am for G O OD F D Thee want get RI AY, ’ Kez it be ( What I knew d afore thee did)a High Day ’ : th er s C ac Well anon J kson, AS zound as a Z axon ; ’ And ther e Mister Dannel As true as a Spannel Thee has only to zay ’ To ar wun 0 they A F R I E N D IN N EE D B E A F R I E N D I N D EED 2 4 H I O R F E 0 ST Y O CHIPP NHAM .

A H WE D E D A Y T S N S SP OR S .

Z e I wo ife I I t ay to my , Mary, thinks shall go o

’ D raycut Staple Race s . Naashunal spoorts mus b e

kip up . ’ ’ Z a s do ant Ash y her, Now e, Giles Tis Wens ’ e zarvice C wo ant day, and ther s in hurch ; now ye , will ’ e e She uo ite meeklo ik e e vo r m zay , q and tind r ; y ’ ’ voreri ht Christurn o o man 0 Mary is a g , nor a bit

apo crisy in She . ’ Z a s : Naashunal S oo rts u y I, Mary p mus be kip p ;

assil o f b ettermaus t vanlk s o f v o urt een and a p , matter ’ dook es mimb ers o f Parliment a , hurls, and , gid in ’ i ” n v xed . their ames, and a the day ’ hindacent za S S Tis down right , y her, main harp

' h enuﬁ o ur e m n z ure, times be bad without bett rs aki

reli shun C mock at j , and a braking the hurch rules ’ h ’ tis no moor nar a h at an Ood do . ’ Z e Naashunal S o o rt s muS u ay I, Mary, p be kip p ; and maybe the St o o ards didnt knaw as how twer ” Ash W ensday .

I doant f za S want to argi y, her y , but why ’ ’ did nt um look in t almanac P B ezide they tells I ’ as how all th e passons round writ um up a letter (and zo thay ought) and a main strong nu too (and ’ ’ ’ zarved um ro ight) and tould um as how twer jist ’ ’ abo ut a wrong thing to do t wer zettin a b ad example ’ ’ ’ co ontr 00d mischif to the y, and do a zoite o , bringin

2 06 H I STO RY o r CHI P P E N HAM.

Z o A t and a to t t lice vaugh the book, r dcd I, jus abou purtv hur did

A man o f k e t o his e k indn ss b ast is ind ,

B ut brutal actions Show a brutal mind .

Remem e He w h o m e ee m e the e b r ad th , ad brut ;

Wh o e h ee S ee e f me him m t . g av t p ch and r ason , or d u e ’ — ’ He can t complain but GOD S all- seeing Eye

B eholds thy cruelty : He hears his cry .

He w as a e th er th u e ord in d y s vant , not y dr dg ” n e t J A d k now that his Cr a or is thy udg e .

v eeld It made I wince , it did ; and I very queer and un mfo rtible A N doant coo loike ; and lice zed, ow e go t o v ather and lookt i Races, ; hur so wh st and unkid

duddered moind that I wuz main , and wuz anenst a to ’ s who ame C wi — tay at , and goe to hurch they but thinks ’ Naashunal S o o rts mus u — zo zaddled I, p be kip p and I

to . my hoss, and went Races

e cumd who ame si en I ze d what I zeed, and I anigh v

’ ’ s A O clock . Missu and lice wuz at evenin zarvice .

cumd in uoite intle When Mary , hur zed, q g loike , and

' ’ un ro achful nar a bit p , Well, Giles, ha e had a appy day “ za s I no ob o d Purty well, purty well, Mary, y ; y ’ ’ killed as I do knaw ; but some 0 th hosses wer despurd

m t vew o f b e tte rmau t hurt . Ther wuz a ain pur y the s ’ v anlk s 0 d coo ntenancin S oo rt s , and lots la ies , a g the p , and ' ’ ’ d lee e s a ee in th I oo b v I zeed a pa son p p thro e hedge . B ut I nivir did zet moine eyes In all my loife o n such a h allege o f blacks and rapscallions as cumd o ut of Chip A SH W DN D P O R 2 0 E ES AY S TS . 7

’ ’ nam ;ther wuz a dale Of wickedness a goin o n cussin ’ ’ ’ ’ and swearin and gamblin and drinkin and v oightin i I count Z atan don a main stroke o fb izn z there to day . ” ’ ’ And zumb o d za s m m 0 soi hin y, y y issus, a sort g d ” LO RD . sa ly, must gie account to the vor all this sin ’ za s Naashunal S o orts mus However, I still y , as how p ’ ’ ’ sin Ash - Wensda be kip up, an now I ha bin to y

S o orts . p , I got a new idee in my head I want som nu to to intlevaulk s nu in writ a letter the g , and put

u o f meself e x p rty words, (as I be a bad scollard )and

to zot o wld h — I um up some uther Englis games mane, ’ ’ ’ Voi htin C Voi htin B l B aitin Prize g , ock g , u l , and B adger I doe call um all vine ould English ’ Spoort s : and vor my piart I do ant zee nar a bit 0 — divverence between any o v urn they be all as good as

anuther— eef moi ht b osses wun and we g run to death , we moi ht zot and g men and bulls and dogs cocks to voight, m eef it doo g ie us amoose ent . ’ ’ No Vrida o n k oind w as Good y is cummin , and he s a ’ ’ Of do a nt 0 waste day, (but e zay a word this to my ’ fo r h awful res ec for Vrida missus, hur a got a p Good y, ’ ’ and twood anenst brake her eart)I doe propose to the

intelvaulk s S oo rts on G Vrid g that we ha some p a ood ay . ’ co od o ut 0 our I doo count I start two chaps parish , ’ ’ that Ood andle ther ﬁstis main cleverly ; and I got a

’ ’ r ud m n e inni cook o two that voight ai well vor 3. b g n

vo ine f and a bull dog just about ess, that tored a main ’ ’ ’ ’ peece O vle sh out o a tramp s thigh t other day ; and my nevvy he got a unmassiful girt bull ; and we got a 2 08 H I STO RY OF CH I P P E N H AM.

’ f wn rend do west that ull send I a badger , (vor they doe lay about his grounds in the sun loike k ittuns on a ’ k arput and eef us can g e t a m ain v ew o the gintry to so ob scrib e b leeve Vrida to the stakes, I doo our Good y ’ ’ Spo o rts Ood be lots more amo o sin than the Ash

Wensday uns .

D . J . J .

2 1 0 H I STO RY OF C R I P P E N H A M .

Ne w f trade in London , he studied at Inn Hall , Ox ord, and entered into Holy Orders . In 1 667 he was pre

t o f . le sented to the rec ory St Peter Poor, London ; in

’ to 1 684 he was collated a prebend in St . Pa ul s Cath

ff e m II ed . ral ; but declined a bishopric O er d by Ja es , from unwillingness to take the oaths o f homage . He vig ourously opposed the advance o f Romanism under

a o f J mes, and gave strenuous support to the cause f III . o n William , who con erred him the important

o f . F and C n rectory St Giles in the ield , made him a ano

of . B Windsor esides sermons and controversial tracts, he publis hed a valuable treatise o n the T he Chris tian ” Li e : rom its be innin to its cons ummation in lor f f g g g y,

olio . 1 69 4 in two vols, f He died in , and was buried

in his o wn Church .

LU D OW IC MU G G L O N C in ET , born in hippenham

1 609 of t , poor though hones parents, was by trade a

a . o ne ro t ilor He, and a companion, John Reeve, p claimed themselves the two witnesses described in the

o f . f m fol 1 1 th chap . the Revelation They ound so e

m o ne o f the m lowers, and the Muggletonians beca e any

sects with which that unhealthy period swarmed . B ut

few few . they were , and have always continued f C Muggleton got into avour with Oliver romwell ,

f ro h ecied th e and , a little be ore his death , p p that Pro f te ctor would yet perform many wonder ul achievements . B ut Oliver happening to depart this life before he had 2 D I STINGUI SH E D NATIV E S . 1 1

done anything more remarkable , Muggleton was asked

h o w it was his prophecy h ad not come true . He “ l f— I am sure answered very wari y , and like himsel

His Hi hness would have er ormed all i he had lived g p f , f ” lo ng enough .

He m e f was pilloried and i prison d, and his pro ane

books were burnt by the hangman .

Lord Macaulay associates Ludowic Muggle ton with

u Lud i no G eorge F ox . B t o w c had Sturdier Opponents f than the Quakers . William Penn wrote O him as a “ s Pro het and Im ostor uilt o un odl and F al e p p , g y f g y blasp hemous p ractices ; and Ludowic returned answer

m Wherein he is roved to be an i no to Willia Penn , p g

n s tter- brained uaker who knows no more what the ra t p a Q ,

O D is nor His secret D ecrees than one o his coach true G , , f horses do th ; nor so much ; he wrote also T he Looking

s or Geor e F ox and other uak ers wherein the Glas f g Q , y ” e ri h 1 82 9 may see themselves to b g t D evils . In were

D ivine S on s the Mu letonians published g of gg , a curious coll ection o f words that accomp any the howlings of these ’ wretched fanatics.

1 69 7 88 e r . o r Muggleton died in , aged y a s His p

S ul e trait, ing ar in its wan and wild xpression, is in the

Kensington Gallery .

1 868 e . o f F In di d Mr Joseph Gandar, itzroy Road, ’ “ 80 S o f th e Regent s Park , aged , a incere member ” se ct called Muggletonians for upwards o f sixty years . There is only one place o f worship in London con 2 1 2 HI STORY OF CHI P P E N HAM.

of nected with this extraordinary set religionists, and not three more in the whole o f England .

—~H n f J AMES H EWL E TT . e was the so o the gardener C at Monkton, near hippenham, where he was engaged

to his f assist ather, but as he seized every leisure

to f s moment draw ﬂowers, ruit , small land capes , and

a 620. even her ldic shields, upon doors, walls, slates,

f r . his o Mr Edridge, master, scolded him wasting his

m f . time, and dis issed him rom his service His is an

a of o f inst nce a man genius, who, by integrity and

energy, pushed through adverse obstacles, and attained f m honour and independence . He le t his widowed other in the Old Langley tollgate in the north o f the town of

C ‘ hippenham , and obtained employment with a coach

m o f B f aker ath , where he had opportunities o painting

n o f coats of arms o the panels carriages . He rose with f n great rapidity to ame, havi g developed exquisite skill in painting fruits and flowers ; his works adorned the

o f A fo r n o ne Exhibition the .Royal cademy ma y years ;

of was fo r 400 his paintings sold guineas . Having

e f f B h realized a handsom ortune, he le t at , and settled on h 1 at Isleworth , the Thames, w ere he died in 836,

aged 67 years .

In connection with James Hewlett, may be men

tioned RO B R ELLIOT T f E T , who, though dea and dumb

f o f rom birth , became capable assisting James Hewlett

t o f in painting par s his splendid pieces, and als o himself

2 1 4 H I O R O F E ST Y CHIPP NHAM.

’ f man s art , his ather built him a studio in his garden , and put him unde r a course o f tuition in painting in

fe A f . f C oils In early li l red Provis le t hippenham , and studied in London under John Wood . Except fo r

e v ry short periods, and at long intervals, the rising C m young painter never visited hippenha , so that though

e no t w he di d only three years ago, his person was kno n , nor is a single painting Of this eminent artist to be f o r e ound in his native town in the n ighbourhood . Provis revelled in the love o f Old buildings and

e far e o f obj cts, and by the great r number his works are

Of a pictures Old houses and cott ges, especially interiors, f o o f &c. portions Old abbeys, porches churches, hoary

o f ruins, and natural Objects venerable with the grace

e m x f 1 f . 2 f . . t t age His pictur s were very s all, rom 12;

e e but they wer work d up with exquisite care and ﬁnish , so that th e Objects stood out on the canvas as real and living things . His pictures soon found admission into the Ex hi

o f A of B A bitions the Royal cademy, Society ritish rtists ,

for f Portland Gallery, and other Institutions, and orty mm f 1 30 1 80 years co anded a ready sale, at rom to guineas each . Of Chippenham and the neighbourhood he painted Chippenham Market Place Interiors o f Cottage and Doorway at Studley at South Wraxhall Manor House at Chapel Plaster o f Kitchen of Farm House at Stanley 2 1 5 D I ST I N G U ISH ED NATIV E S .

e m Interiors at Lyn ha , and many others ’ T Scott s Mill , ytherton

D o f oorway Manor House, Tytherton Fireplace near Chippenham Smithy at Lyneham Old Farm House near Chippenham Provis exceedingly admired the picturesque position

and architectural characteristics o f the semi - ruinous — Abbey o f B radensto k e lodged in the village near fo r

e w o f ff e long p riods , and painted t enty pictures di er nt

o f . portions that building, within and without

Af f e w ter his marriage he lived at Ealing, a t r ards at

L e B Kingston isl , where he was long occupied with erk shire pie ce s ; he painted also in Nort h Wale s ; b ut b e f e f fo r m r quently le t England , any months in the year,

nd B m the a sojourned in rittany and Nor andy, where

C C C e e grand old hurches and hateaux , ross s , W lls, and

C o f e e specially the ottages the peasantry, unchang d in

e m e e fu e th ir pri itiv condition and charact r , rnish d an inexhaustible supply o f subjects fo r his pencil ; o f the se h e painte d a vast number .

His paintings, not actually architectural , included s uch subjects as these

The Gleaner . Girl at the Spring . Winter . ”

B o . A B n Summer . y at Pump retonne selli g

” ‘ B D . her hair . reton evotion Viens donc ”

F . Breton Courtship . The Conway alls ”

. A . ing Chicken . Repose Wait while 2 1 6 H I STO RY O P CHIPP E NHAM .

— “ . . A O rphans . Hush Sunday Morning WelSh

” ’ Mendicant . The Lace Worker . Grandmother s ” ” F ” Pets . The Singers . Spring lowers . Sit ” ”

. B B up ! Children and Rabbit lowing ubbles .

’ ’ The B ird s Nest The Lesson . It s not for ” F you ! Old Well and Cottage . riends ; a D o g ” A ” a nd C A e . and hild sle p Woman Reading, many o thers . ’ Some o f Pro v is s paintings are in the north of

Of m F England . but most the were purchased by rench and American connoisseurs . B He died at Kingston Lisle , near Wantage, erks,

7 2 . f u u . 1 0 1 89 0 e A g , , aged years He le t nﬁnish d many interesting sketches in the neighbourhood of

Chippenham .

Old House, Seagry Porch o f Sutton Church Old Chest in Corsham Church

o f C S f Door ottage , laughter ord m C m Sha bles, hippenha Porch o f B remhill Church

G Chalﬁeld Doorway, reat Al Co ttage, lington Po rch o f Stanton Church

radenstok e to B , entrance

&c. &c. &c.

M 2 1 8 H ISTO RY OF CHIPP E NHA .

e l the house , and esp cial y among the books in the Library to asce rtain whe ther any memorial whatever o f Herbert

r . su vived , but without success “ It is satisfactory to know that the choice air of A D auntesey restored his health . ubrey speaks o f his person

ﬁne m l He was a very co p exion and co nsumptive . Walton says

He w as o f a stature inclining towards tallne ss ; his

w as e far fr m e cumb red w h body v ry strait , and so o b ing it ” as l m too much ﬂe sh that h e w ean to an e xtre ity .

m D auntese There was a gentle an living at y, an ’ f o f A intimate riend Herbert s, who told ubrey that

H w as er b and th l Mr. e e e rb rt a v y g ood on ute, and

his n l ick s e em h e o w r . that e s tt y , or sacr d po s Many o f the poems o f The T emp le were probably

written in D aunt esey House . On the east side o f the ’ Earl o fDanby s monument o f white marble in D auntesey Church is inscribed LAUS D EO

S e m le afel k e e e acr d arb , s y p

is Wh o e e e m Slee H dust und r th ust p, Until] th e grave s ag aine restore

T e de d me S ll b e h ir a , and ti ha no more ;

Meane while if b e w all thin - , hich g es w eares D o e ruine thee ; or if th e tears

Are e fo r him l e th f me sh d disso v y ra ,

T e e : fo r His f me hou art r q uit d a ,

is e e His w Sh l H v rtu s , and orth a he m f m e or ee . G T A e . E B E noth r onu nt th H R R . 2 1 P E RSO N S OF NOT E . 9

This epitaph o n Lord D anby mus t have been written f ’ be ore the Earl s death . He survived Herbert more

than twenty years .

F D aunt ese f rom y, a ter apparently a pleasant sojourn ,

o f B o Herbert to k his wi e to her old home at aynt n , in m Edington parish , near Westbury , whence he had arried her ; and Aubrey lets him depart with this just and graceful compliment

’ T is th e la e h e h ad th e eave l an honour to p c , to av h n y

in enio s e e m l o f m an wh o w as and g cont p ation this g ood , ” pious e ven to proph e sie .

. T he Of AU B R F S . A . JOHN EY, Parish Kington m m n St . Michael is to be re e bered as havi g given birth to two wri ters o n the archae ology and topography Of B A U B R . Wiltshire, JOHN EY and JOHN RITTON John Aubrey was the earliest coll e ctor o f memo randa relating to the antiquities Of Wiltshire . He

o f A e D e L was the son Richard ubr y , and borah yte,

o f e Of e e daughter Isaac Lyt , Easton Pi rs or Piercy , a i f n O . small manor the parish Kington St Michael, and 1 2 1 62 5 o n . . was born Sunday Mar ,

an ill In hour, he said (fo r he was a believer in astrology) — Saturn dire ctly opposing my ascendant in my ’ G df e h m e ew m e e ran ath r s c a b r I ﬁrst dr y br ath, v ry w eak

l k e d e e e f e e e m f and i to y , and th r or christ n d that orning be ore ” morning prayer. 2 2 0 H ISTO RY OF CHIPP E NHAM .

1 62 9 . had e e emem e . I a gri vous agu , I can r b r it

T h u B e his sick ness nipt my stre ngth in t e b d . r d ig norant — E ereme tical l e w as e . D id e e at ston so itud , v ry curious v r love to converse with Old m en as Living Histori e s ; care d ” not for play . “ Anno 1 633 . I entered into my Grammar at th e Latin

S l Y t Ka nell in th e Ch w e e th e choo at at on y , urch, h r Curate

th il 4 af e el e V O &C . . 1 63 e w taught d st boys irg , vid , , t r ards

we S l Mr . R e L me del t I nt to choo to ob rt ati r , a ica e and little

e Re t o f Le D el m e e —a m le— ﬁne wal k — h p rson , c or igh a r i w o h ad c e wa o f e mem e an asi y t aching , but ory not t nacious .

’ In my Grandfather s days the manuscripts (from th e Old T h l Abbeys)ﬂ ew about lik e butterﬂies . e g overs of Malmes bury made g reat havock of them ; and glove s w ere wrapt up ” no doubt in m any g ood pieces Of antiq uity . I was afterwards under s e veral dul l ig norant teachers ll 2 wh me w as e Bl f S l ti 1 , about ich ti I s nt to and ord choo , in d l . . . wh o a l H W . S o B D w s e e re re D orset, utt n , , i natur I

eal h ot m la eek s . covered my h t , and g y tin and g r “ E e e T r C ll . O . In 1 642 . nt r d at inity o xon In 1 643

for me h m e in fe e : led l f my Fathe r s ent o ar a sad i e in the

wh e e e e w e e e country r I conv rs d ith non but s rvants, rustiq u s , ” and soldiers .

46 h e e In 1 6 was admitted into the Inner Templ , but

he was an unsettle d and unlucky man . His whole in heritance (once £7 00 a y ear)was consumed in paying

S e debts and de fe nding lawsuits . He p nt much o f his

his e time in riding about nativ county, in search , some 3 , me m o f f d . t ime s Of Antiq : an so ti es a wi e He had — “ some narrow escapes from matrimony he was suitor ” to Mis tress J ane Codring ton.

2 2 2 H I ST O RY OF CHIPP E NHAM.

l ’ and p ray for the young ange s rest. He was 7 2 years

Old wh e n he died . It has be en j ustly and gene rously said We account A ubre des ite his lo e o h sts and won r y, p v f g o de ful ”

ccidents amon the bene actors ki . a , g f of man nd

E D B RE I A . 1 IN . V E W , p 860.

— WILLIAM LIS L E B o w Lns Bowle s has been called ” T he F ather o the Poets o Nature Of f f , since, these in Poets, he was not only ﬁrst time, but his poetry,

fe C e though in rior to theirs , inspired oleridge, South y,

C . rabbe, and Wordsworth 2 4 1 2 ’ . 7 6 He was born Sep , , at King s Sutton, in

o f f V Northamptonshire . which parish his ather was icar,

f e o f U who a terwards b came Rector phill, near Weston

Super Mare . William was bro ught a child to Uphill Parsonage ” — h m B we he i his poe , an ll Hill, recites the remem brance o f his passing over Weston Sands on his way to

his new home . I was a Child whe n ﬁrst I heard the sound ’ Of th e re sea . T w h e far g at as nig t, and journ ying , ’ e e ela e d mid e e W e w r b t d on our roa , sc n s

Ne w k w — a m e h er C l and un no n oth r, and hi d , No w ﬁrst in this w ide w orld a wanderer

th e wh eel we S l w the ll i Whe n as s nt o , and sti n g ht

eem e l e lo w m m m et th e ear S d ist ning , a ur ur ,

No t o f t h e w — m m e f l inds y oth r so t y said , Liste n it is t he s ea With breathle ss awe

e th e l e e e h er . I h ard sound, and c os r pr ss d hand 2 2 3 P E RSO N S OF NOTE .

W e e the d h n ﬁrst I h ard, at night, distant soun ,

G e O e ! o f e e l e r at c an thy v r asting voic , Wh e n th e white Parsonag e among th e tre e s

Pee e e le e . T h e s ea p d out, that night I r st ss pass d

ille al l m whe Sl w m n me F d y thoughts ; and n o orni g ca ,

And th e t m e k e the w w - a e ﬁrs sunbea str a d indo p n ,

e e w e l a e I ros unnotic d . and ith st a thy p c ,

S l n l th e ll e ee e l e trag g i g a ong vi ag gr n , xp or d ’ Al e m fea f l advent ro us wa on y r u , but y ;

W e h e th e ed e w e el h n , aving turn d h g ro , I b h d,

th e me th l eleme For ﬁrst ti , y g orious nt, — th m f m Old Oc ea n glitte ring in e b ea s o orn . ’ S e e f l and e en no w hiv ring I stood , and t ar u ;

feel the ee m e of I d p i pr ssion that hour, As but o f ye ste rday 3 In 1 7 7 6 he entered Winchester School o n the Wyke

f e D r. W a o ut ham oundation , und r harton, and p ssed , as

C o f C f . aptain the School, into Trinity ollege, Ox ord ’ 1 83 e e C f r v In 7 he gain d th hancellor s prize o Latin erse . In 1 7 87 he published F ourteen S onnets written chieﬂy ” on Picturesque Sp ots during a J ourney .

Let him tell his own story Pass ing throug h Bath I corre cte d and wrote out my

S n e and k em m elf to th e l e Mr . Cruttwell o n ts, too th ys at , and w m h e a f l e m m e e wh was ith uch sit tion un o d d y ssag , ich to e nq uire whe the r h e w ould g ive anything for the S o nnets .

He e e l e th e as e e m at onc d c in d purch , and v ry uch doubted, w e e th e l w ul e the o f in h th r pub ication o d r pay cost print g , l which wou d com e to about ﬁv e pounds . It was at last determined that one hundred copies in l ” quarto should be pub ished as a kind o f forlorn hope . 2 24 H I STO RY O F CHIPP E N HAM .

Half a year afterwards I re c ei ved a letter from the printer informing m e that th e hundred copie s w e re all sold ;

ﬁ ve e m e we e e w w e Off l e hundr d or r print d , hich nt rapid y ;th n ” a third e dition o f se ve n hundre d and ﬁfty .

Coleridge had already borne te stimony to the power

’ O f B m owles s verse, in (as it see s) the ﬁrst sonnet he wrote

B ! f r f My heart has thanked thee , owles o those so t

strains, Whose sadness soothes o ne like the murmuring Of wild bees in the sunny Showers o f Spring

And o f n when the mightier throes mi d began ,

And e f - drov me orth , a thought bewildered man , Their mild and manliest melancholy lent A mingled charm B idding a strange mysterious pleasure brood ” Over the wavy and tumultuous mind .

Cole ridge spoke o f himself as withdrawn from p eril o us error by the genial inﬂ uence of a style of p oetry so

der et so manl so natural and real and et s di t en , y y , y o g ui ﬁ ed and harmonious and so powe rfully did the Sonnets impress him that b e copied them out forty times with s f o wn to . his pen , and gave copie his young riends Soon after the third edition o f the Sonnets was

e Crutt well B publish d, , the ath printer, wrote to the

t wo m o ne author to say that young gentle en , strangers, ( f a particularly handsome and pleasing youth, lately rom

m e fﬁ West inst r School), had called at his o ce , and spoke f B in high commendation o the poems . owles knew

2 2 6 H I STORY OF CHIPP E N HAM .

l f h e s th e r e e del i e which adorn , and p op r busin ss and ight ” o f his life are S unshine and ﬂowers .

’ The Sonnets are the best o f Bowles s poems . He has — “ f thou hts that breathe no pro ound imagination no g , and words that burn b ut over much o f his poetry falls an autumnal moonlight o f pure and pensive feeling ;

e o f e his verses are like the b lls Ostend, as he describ d them

m el l T hey ﬂing their ancho y music wide .

B ut Of C his poetry , like that Southey, oleridge, and ﬁf Wordsworth , was much more esteemed ty years ago,

than in this day .

v n e served fo r. Ha i g ent red into Holy Orders, he y f D C O a . A w . many years, the uracy onhe d St ndre , Wilts In 1 804 he was presented to the Vicarage o f Brem

C W 1 82 8 e hill, near hippenham , ilts ; and in b came a

Canon Reside ntiary o f Salisbury .

fo r f o n He was a Magistrate Wilts, and o ten sat the B ench at the Petty Sessions in the Old Town Hall,

Chippenham .

F or S f 1 7 9 8 th e o f lif ixty years, rom to end his e,

r . B e S he was w iting esid s many poems, long and hort,

o o of B m ll c A he comp sed Hist ries re hi and La ock bbey,

f Of B a Li e ishop Ken , and a great many other works . It was said of him that

St l f l e n em in p ay u in habit and conv rsatio , unr itting

d eal t he e Of l e h e w as x uty , z ous in ducation chi dr n , an e em plary instance o f th e union o f Chris tian g races with the ” l of te and th e me e of l e e po ish tas a niti s it ratur . P E R SON S o r NOT E . 2 27

f o f He was extremely ond music, and had even his

sheep bells tuned in thirds and ﬁfths .

As inﬁrmities o f old he advanced in years, and the f fu w age increased upon him , he grew orget l and eak in

e e re mind, and his odditi s and eccentriciti s are still membered in the neighbourhood . B He gave Mrs . Moore a ible as a birthday pre sent ;

him to e she asked writ her name in it ; he did so, and ” added From the author. ” “ I never had but one watch and I lost , said he , ; I i B it the ﬁrst day wore t. Mrs . owles whispered

n i he t a o ther o - a he w uld l A d f g o n t d g , o ose it before night .

t o ~ One day he walked up a turnpike gate , and pre

h is this i 9 e 2 d fo r W at or s r . sent d the toll, f , said the “ “ m horse o course. u e . F or B t sir ou keep r y , f , , y ” “ ” have no horse. D ear me , exclaimed the astonished ” poet am I walking ?

a B m Many visitors came to the Parson ge at re hill, not only to see the beautiful lawns and gardens studded

m m o f with relics and e orials , but to obtain the honour d B speaking to the aged poet and ivine . Mrs . owles had to keep a watchful eye lest th e good old man shoul d

her D m o f u e rob rawing roo all its treas r s , as presents to the pilgrims . When a guest at Bowood (where he was also Chap

n o n lain), his bell ra g violently one morning, and the

n the C e startled valet appeari g , anon prot sted that a

f n and thie had entered the chamber in the ight, stolen 2 2 8 HI STO RY o r CHIPP E NH AM .

f a one o t k n . his s oc i gs Search was m de in vain , and it was proposed e ither to borrow a stockin g of one o f t he s o r t t o B h vi itors, send post has e rem ill , when it was discovered that he had put two stockings o n one

leg .

f o f He was greatly a raid dogs, and always wore leg

f D i or e . V e gings prot ction isiting at a hous in ev zes,

a little cur barked at him , when he ﬂed into a room ,

f n on locked the door, and was ound standi g a chair, f ervently thanking G 01) fo r his providential deliverance . h C B B W ile at the astle and all Hotel, ath , he would f e f o t n orget the hour at which he had ordered his dinner .

o ut o n f was He would go , and his return , hours a ter it

d B ar rea y, would ﬁrst proceed to the , to pass compli m . m in ents with Mrs Te ple, when she would say, her

o wn r f A ter ou have dined Mr . B owles g ace ul manner, f y , , ” if you p lease. Once he was found at the White Hart

o n the w Hotel , where he had laid hold waiter , to hom he was dictating his co nceptions o f the Tru e Sublime in

Poetry . m B f Tho as Moore, whom owles o ten visited at Sloper

C a e D o f ton ott ge , wrot in his iary towards the end his

f What with his enius his blunders his absences he is li e ; g , , , ” i And the most del ghtful of all exis ting p ersons . Southey

m o f His oddit his untidiness his re arked him y, ,

sim licit his benevolence his ears and his ood natur p y, , f , g e, make him one of the most entertaining and extraord inary ” ers I er me with charact eo t .

e old a e t o In extrem g , he went Weston Super Mare

2 3 0 HI STORY o r CHIPP E NHAM.

C o n A . 7 1 850 He died in the lose, Salisbury, p , ,

88 was t aged , and his the las corpse buried within

the walls o f the Cathedral .

M S E THO A MOOR was born in Ireland, in In

1 7 9 5 h e r C ente ed Trinity ollege, Dublin ;he had already

o f o f o f written some verses, and these, as others very f questionable propriety composed in a ter years , there were many

W h h e l l hic dying wou d wish to b ot .

1 81 1 B f e hi In he married essy Dyke, ourt en years s — junior and through a wedded life o f more than forty years he rendered to her a fond and faithful attach ” “ ment ; she was ever his dear girl, his darling

B — B l u essy and essy, whol y devoted to the d ties o f

e ff home , returned his lov with an ardent a ection that

e knew no bounds . Th y had ﬁve children . ’ Moore s talent o f writing verses in sweetly ﬂowing

u - o wn f lang age rand singing his songs in a so t, expres

e sive, t nor voice , wedded to new and pathetic melodies,

o ff lifte d him into the highest walks ashionable society. Amongst his most devoted admirers and loyal friends

o f were the Marquis and Marchioness Lansdowne . At their recommendation he and his Bessy came into Wilt

T h e Rev . . . o assim. W H Hitchc ck, p

' wle e him b o w e Inter oetas suave: 1 Bo s g av a ok , and rot p — ” suavissimo d . e . T o th e wee e m wee s t st a ong s t poets . P E R S ON S o r NOTE . 2 3 1

S Slo erto n C hire, and ﬁxed their residence at p ottage ,

u fu rent o f £40 a small thatched ho se, rnished, at a a

o f B m u e m f m year, in the parish romha , abo t thr e iles ro

B owood .

w as t e o f e l w t wo e w It a cot ag g nti ity , ith g at ays , and

’ pretty g rounds round it in a delig htful country : th e po e t s study upstairs in which clos e and hard work was don e ; and

th e e r e w lk w le le in gard n a ais d a running its ho ng th, and

e e e o f l el th e f r e walk of th e bound d by a h dg aur , avou it po e t .

o f o f Most the Irish Melodies, the History Ireland,

f o f B e o f the Li e Lord yron , with a multitud ephemeral

Slo ert o n. m papers, were written at p Moore co posed

t he S of much in Open air, while walking by the ide the ” “ laurel hedge . There, as he said, in the country ”

w l e . we i l live on Love, Literature , and Lib rty

B w s o ood Hou e was then occupied by Henry, third

o f L Marquis ansdowne, and thither, through Lord w ’ Lansdo ne s urbanity and hospitality, converged states men , scholars , poets , artists , and divines .

At that time almost all the mansions o f the gentry m in the neighbourhood were ﬁlled with genial fa ilies .

the f There were Phipps amily, then at Wans House ;

S e L o f Ro wdefo rd the Starkeys , at py Park ; the ockes,

o f Buckhill Of L A e the Hughes, ; the Talbots, acock bb y ;

o f o f the Moneys, Whetham ; the Taylors, Erlestoke ;the

Clutte rb uck s o f the o f C , Hardenhuish ; Scropes, astle

Co Merewethers Of Castleﬁeld Awdr s o f mbe ; the , ;the y , 2 32 HI STO RY O F cm r P E NH A M.

t C B w e B Not on and Seend, with anon o l s at remhill , and

D Cu t o f B m . Henry rury, then ra e ro ham Amongst all the se families Moore was a thrice hon o ure d —he m e e e guest was ad ir d , ﬂatter d , and car ssed

— for f by all much his brilliant , ascinating conversation , more fo r his unparalleled power in Singing that never ” L to be forg otten melodious warbling . adies and gentle me n were Often obliged t o leave the room in ﬂoods o f

e . B tears over the Melodi s Once, at owood , Moore him — s elf could not refrain from crying as he sang Bowles c — —Y V o f e ried the poet Rogers cried oung, icar Lyn — L w ham, cried and ord Lansdo ne could scarcely prevent

f f w a the hi h himsel rom being swept a ay , as he s id , by g t m p oetical exci e ent . There were many good inﬂ uences around Moore at B f owood, in using into his poetry a healthier and purer

o f m o f tone, and these the ost benign was that Louisa ’ m e o f E ma , Marchion ss Lansdowne Moore s constant

e intercourse with Lady Lansdowne, as Lord John Russ ll

L f o f led him to revere a woma allowed in his i e Moore, n

uns otted rom the world who d used an air o holiness p f , if f ,

and eace and urit over the house o B owood which p , p y, f , ” n e r neither rich nor p oor ca ve forg et . B ut though Slo pe rton Cottage was a home o f love f and e in . peac , cares and sorrows o ten broke Through

f o f his o c in o no ault , Mo re be ame involved serious pe u

niary respo nsibilities .

B ut f o f ! saddest a ﬂiction all, they lost all their chil

Old n d ren . Barbara died at ﬁve years ; Olivia at o e

M 2 34 HI STORY OF CHIPP E NHA .

- and became semi childish . The last time he attempted

to S e m the ing was at Wans, but he could not r ember old

f l e S . ami iar words , and said he would n ver ing again ” B f warbled w fe e ore his death he , as his i expressed it, ” T rust in D B ess s G O tru t in G O D . and said to her , y,

e on Feb . 2 6 1 852 e He di d , , and was buried b side

Anas tasia . Mrs . Moore outlived her husband thirteen 1 o n . 4 865 . years, dying Sep ,

fe f Moore deeply regretted, In later li , the olly and

f o f rivolities his youth, and the coarseness and corrup tion o f his early writings ; the latter he made earnest

l f o f endeavours to reca l and puri y . On one his last birthdays he lame nts

’ Ah ! tis not thus th e voice that dwells In sober birthdays speak s to me ;

Far e wi e— Oi me ell oth r s ti it t s ,

La e w el a el e l vish d un is y, c r ss y

Of el m k e —Of ale m e couns s oc d t nts , ad

H l fo r e es ap y hig h and pur d ig ns , ’ B ut o ft l k e e l e e l . i Isra s inc ns , aid

U o nh l e t hl e . p n u o y, ar y shrin s

“ his o f B Howitt, in Homes and Haunts the ritish

” ’ S h o n Poets, having poken wit some severity Moore s “ lif — was ff e, concludes yet he a most a ectionate hus

Son e — o f band , , and broth r the best part his character

ff fo r e fe was his a ection his par nts, his wi and childre n ; the best part o f his genius is to be found in his Irish ” Melodies and Lalla Rookh . P E R SON S OF NOTE . 2 35

B ut e o f B go, stand besid the grave Moore in rom

m o wn ham churchyard , and re ember and repeat his words

T w ld all ee n h w his or is a ﬂ ti g s o , ’ For m an s illusion g ive n ;

T he m l e Of th e e r Of w oe s i s joy, t a s ,

D e e f l hi e e e f l ﬂ o w c it u s n , d c it u

’ T HERE S NOTHING TRUE B UT HEAVEN.

’ And f l e t he l Gl l me a s ight on ory s p u , A nd fading hue s o f e ve n

’ And L e H e B e l m ov , and op , and auty s b oo Are ble ssing s gathered from th e tomb ’ T HERE S NOTHING BRIGHT BUT HEAVEN.

P w e e o f m oor and r rs a stor y day, ’ From wave to wave w e re drive n ’ ’ And and Re ra Fancy s ﬂash, ason s y S erve but to ligh t o ur trouble d w ay ’ T HERE S NOTHING CALM BUT

B P . S . A . m f JOHN RITTON , This na e was amiliar f r f the a o the past hal century to all arch eologists,

and o f G e B ee f scholars, artists r at ritain , and ind d o

l f e f Europe, and his i e supplies anoth r example o de

No l o e e e m e t o di l e ng r s k his rits sc os , Nor draw his frailtie s from their dr e ad abode ; There they alike in tre mbling hope repos ” m h is T h e boso of Fathe r and his GOD . ’ G S ELE G RAY Y. 2 36 S HI TO RY O F CHIPP E NHAM .

e m termination, persev rance, and triumph , over al ost f unsurmountable di ﬁculties . John Britton was born in a humble cottage in the f S o t . m village Kington Michael . The house beca e ruinous and was removed a fe w years ago ; but an inscribed stone in the wall no w marks the site

B N o f JOHN RITTO , He was the eldest son

S m . ten children , brought up in a ingle s all room His

f S f m en ather, a baker, maltster, hopkeeper, and ar er, ” in cumbered with many trades without success any,

sank into poverty .

e The mother, a worthy woman , contend d bravely

n f l e agai st mis ortune , bad debts, cheating mi l rs , rivalry in f mi and Of trade, and an overwhelming a ly, died Aft f a broken heart . er receiving whatever imper ect

a ff B education the vill ges around could a ord , John ritton

to C ft went School in hippenham, and a erwards was L apprenticed by an uncle to a tavern keeper in ondon ,

- wh o set him to work in an underground wine cellar,

f o f t en B a dismal li e hours a day, to which ritton

always looked back with utte r abhorrence . He bor rowed and eagerly read whatever books came within

f e f e his reach ; le t his dr ary servitude be or his time,

o o f and, p or and sickly, sought help his two uncles

e o f l him . in London , n ither whom wou d give a meal

B ut b e yet struggled onwards and upwards, with an

o ne f e indomitable heart, and at length , aided by ri nd

e a r f o f f and another, ent red on litera y li e inde atigable

2 38 HI STORY OF OHIPP ENHAM. window in the same Church would be an appropriate testimonial to the m emory Of Cano n Jackson himself] ’ Cano n Jackson also wrote a summary o f Britton s

fe e e e o f li , wher in he giv s a classiﬁ d list his books

m 57 m e a ounting to volu es, containing pag s,

illustrated by 1 867 engravings .

B ut { it has been well s aid! what arithmetic can tell

t he m of m e m e l m l l e us a ount ti , nta and anua abour, car and

e w e e m h e l e ? S el anxi ty, hich th s productions ust av invo v d d om h as public money b een more deservedly applie d than th e pension o f £ 75 a ye ar devote d to this indefatig able and l D l ” f l h el o f Mr . e w i e t e C e . us u r t r, in hanc orship isra i

ILTS HI E THIE S W R WOR .

D W D CKS P . S . A B D on JOHN E AR JA ON , orn in 1 2 1 805 c No v . aster, , , John Jackson was educated at

C - e C the harter Hous , where he attained the aptaincy

He e - o f the School . matriculat d at Braze n Nose Co l f C e Int . Hum e an B . A . leg , Ox ord ; took a S cond lass in ,

. 1 30. 1 3 h 1 82 7 M A . 8 8 4 e in , in In was ordained

o n e o f F f Deacon the titl arleigh Hunger ord , Somerset, ’ e and received Pri st s Orders in 1 8 36. In 1 845 he was pre sented to the Re ctory o f Leigh

e m Se e N . f D la ere with vington by Jos ph eeld, Esq o

G e m rittleton House , and the next y ar by the sa e patron

V o f M me He to the icarage Norton , near al sbury . was never married ; he said at a Meeting o f the Wilts E 2 39 P E RS ON S O F NOT .

Archaeological Society at Chippenham that he often wondered how clergymen could g et on in the country villag es — ” without a wife the y did som etimes . He was nominated by Bishop Monk to an Honorary C B C C anonry in ristol athedral , but he was not a anon

de acto e e . f , never having be n instituted or install d

A S m W f soon as he ca e into iltshire , and ound him s f e m e o f e e el surround d by any obj cts cong nial inter st, he plunge d with ardour into the study o f the ancient

f e history and antiq uities o his adopt d county . Me n o f Wiltshire have done famous work in col e e e e C m m l eting and pr s rving valuabl ounty e oranda , — B natural , typographical , and historical such as ishop

A e . C. m Tanner, John ubr y, Sir R Hoare, Sir Tho as

and B for e e Phillips, John ritton . but patient r s arch ,

me o f critical accuracy, and exhaustive treat nt his sub ect o n fe W j , papers purely re rring to iltshire story, and m f within the limited area to which he conﬁned hi sel ,

Jackson took foremost place . f w t him His chie ork, which cos much time , thought,

u and m e o f and labo r, is a onum nt severe industry pro

m anv e longed through an anxious y ar, was the heavy

’ ’ A B E S AOK SO N S T O POG RA P H I A quarto U R Y and J O I. ” B ut f COLL E CTION S . it was not worthy o him . It did not become a m an o f his culture and calibre to Sit A ’ f W as a mere annotator at ubrey s eet . iltshire

e C e need d a ounty History, and Jackson could hav written it ; and if he had concentrated his abilitie s and the amount o f material at his command upon 2 40 HI STO RY O F CHIPP E NHAM.

T H E S o r W S E f HI TO RY ILT HIR , he would have le t

f e f us a legacy worthy o the subj ct and o the man . l Canon Jackson e dited the W i tshire Archaeological f m 1 853 Magazine rom its commence ent in , and con

t o tributed its pages many solid and original papers, B f in number beyond those o f any other writer . e ore his connection with the Society he wrote a History ” “ f o f t o f C o . Grittle on , and The hurches St Mary

. D . o f and St George , oncaster He was the author the f ollowing compilations , published in the Magazine

’ L eland s Journey throug h Wilts Stoneheng e ’ Maud He ath s Causeway Hung erford Chapel

K u e B a S ing ston Ho s , r dford Lord tourton Chippenham Rood Ashton

el le King ton St . Micha Long at Monkton Farley Priory Wulfh all Swindon Am ey Robsart Malmesbury She riffs o f Wilts Vale of Warminster S elwood Forest Wraxhal l House Wiltshire Ladi e s Amb resb ury Monastery Edington Monaste ry Ancient Chapels of Wilts Cranb orne Chase H eyte sbury Alms Houses C alne Corsham Westbury m m With any inor treatises .

. 6 1 89 1 86th and He died Mar , , in his year, was

buried at Leigh D elamere . He left several huge folios o f unpublished Memorials o f the history Of th e once famous family o f the Hunger

f C o f f ords , with ollections various papers re erring to W m many parishes in North ilts, and (in larger volu e)

. A D D X X E ND A .

3 Rebus o n m o f Ch Page the na e ippenham .

At a cold entertainment a dish made o f pork And the tool of a lawyer which ploughs up his lands ’ What superﬂuous re mains o f a carpenter s work

Is the name o f a place where my dwelling - house ” . stands F . B . ANS ER W . ’ At a cold entertainment o f Ham I ve o ft tasted With the tool Of a lawyer a Pen will agree ’ ’ Of a carpenter s work tis a Chip that is wasted C E M F . B . So you live at HIPP N HA , Master E MA G T . G N . — Page 1 7 F o r arms o f Prynne q uartering D avys read ” imp aling .

3 1 —F o r — This spring has ﬂowed read , Was

said to have ﬂowed .

Great is th e crim e in man or w oman T o steal a Goose from o ff th e Common ’ B ut what shall b e that m an s e xcuse WHO STEALS T HE COMMON FROM T HE GOO SE

C u o f . aroline , Q een George II , having a design to ’ e m . f nclose St Ja es s Park , and make it into a Garden o r W the Palace, asked Sir Robert alpole what it would cost ” Madame h e I think it would cost our , said , y

Maj esty about T hree Crowns . All C m V om ons, illage Greens , Public Paths, and Ancient Ways are now under th e protection o f the A D D E N D A . 2 43

Parish Council ; it will be the duty o f the Parish Council Zt o provide a Cricket Field and Recreation

Ground fo r the use o f the parishioners . — — Page 47 F or Cloisters o f Salis bury Cathedral read ”

. 2 Transe pt see page 30. — 54 F o r T he Parish o f Chippenham include

T he old Parish o f Chippenham include d . — 1 2 5 Though it is understood that the old Pillar and inscribe d plate which once stood on Chippe nham Clift are still in existence ; S the e new S e ince t xt was printed, a ton has bee n erected on the side of th e Cause way and the old inscription engraved upon it

’ Hither e xte nde th Maud Heath s Gift e e m lif For wher I stand is Chipp nha C t .

E e e 1 6 8 b 4 4 9 e 1 7 . r ct d in , ut giv n in “ o n C C f This stone neither stands hippenham li t,

1 69 8 2 00 f e nor was it erected in , but nearly years a t r, in 1 89 4 ; hence in a minor sense it may come under ’ Pope s ban on the Monument o f London “ ’ W e e L C l m th e k e h r ondon s o u n pointing to s i s , ”

Lk e ll ll l f e and lies . i a ta bu y, i ts its h ad, — ' Page 1 2 6 By the Parish Council Act the F e oﬂee s o f ’ Maud Heath s Charity m ay transfer the Causeway and its property to the Parish o r the Council may add F e offe es to the Trust e m e e B qual in nu ber to thos on the pr sent oard . — Page 1 43 The inscription on t h e mutilated Co fﬁn- lid may be otherwise re ad ; CLERC E ALI SIT FEMME FOVND OVRS DE VNE CHAVNT ERI A CEST AUT IN D E X .

Al e 6 l e 4 fr d, Ca n ,

Alfrith a 7 SE W T h e 9 5 CAU AY, ,

’ All ei e OS . 44 SEW E TH S n , J , CAU AY. MAUD H A , ALLI GT 1 1 2 0 N ON, 7

e S le 49 E HAM 2 Aqu duct, tan y, C AP ,

A m o f e m 1 3 1 4 E LTIC S X S 1 9 5 r s Chipp nha , , C and A ON WORD , A i 2 1 2 2 1 6 HA T IE S 1 43 rt sts, , C N R ,

As h ed e S s 204 St . B i 1 43 W n sday port , John apt st ,

A e 7 St . K i e 1 45 ss r , athar n ,

B E HN 2 5 43 2 1 9 St . 1 43 AU R Y, JO , , , Mary,

n R e 2 8 omm s er Avo iv r, Charity C i sion s

B AILIPES T h e 7 5 HA I TI E S 1 62 , , C R ,

d s le II B e 90 . 62 a g r , Char s ,

B e o f T t e 1 87 h e 5 8 arr tts y h rton, C art rs, B 2 2 3 2 2 5 HI E HAM P IS H 55 ath, , C PP N AR ,

B t Sir E . 44 1 2 7 B ailiﬂ s 5 ayn on, , , , 7

B E LLS T h e 1 60 B 56 , , oroug h, ’ B i s M 3 5 3 7 ew 9 5 rd arsh, , Caus ay, B GH T he 56 e 58 OROU , , Chart rs, B GH S 8 1 1 41 OROU LAND , Church, B w e ll 45 89 o d n Hi , Cross,

B ll e COL 43 G e l 24 ovi , , o ogy, B OW LEs 3 1 3 3 45 e 8 3 , Canon, , , , Hous s, 50 5 2 0 3 , Manor, B w 43 2 2 1 o ood, ,

B em ill 2 2 7 emb e of P l me 4 r h , M rs ar ia nt, 7 B ITT H 84 9 3 2 3 5 N me 2 R ON , JO N, , , a ,

B e B . 8 1 urn t, p

2 46 CHIPP E N HI STORY o r HAM.

e be B 43 w B l e of 1 2 9 H r, ishop, Lansdo n, att ,

e III . 52 w e e of H nry V Lansdo n , H nry, Marquis , e P e 1 3 2 3 1 H nry . rinc , E B E T GE GE 2 1 7 me B i 52 H R R , OR , Lati r, shop ,

e m o f e m 9 7 ae 44 H r it Chipp nha , Linn us, EW LETT MES 2 1 2 LOCK SW E LL 3 1 49 86 H , JA , , , , , 88

Hodierne th e N e 1 4 O I E of 1 05 urs , LOND N, F R ,

e Sir R . G . 46 Sir m e 1 2 7 1 3 7 1 39 Hoar , , Long , Ja s, , , ll d e 3 4 8 5 LOW D ON 1 5 Ho and, Ju g , , MANOR, e 86 l me b 1 2 1 2 8 Honour in Fox s , Ma s ury , , SE O T A GE S 7 5 e R e 30 8 7 HO , U R OU , Mard n iv r, ,

SE S 88 e 9 0 HOU , Mark ts,

bb 6 ia e e mm we l Hu a, Marr g und r Co on a th,

e of e m 5 1 58 Hundr d Chipp nha ,

e E w 1 4 1 5 1 2 7 ee 56 58 8 1 Hung rford, d ard, , , Mary, Qu n, , ,

u e l e 1 3 59 e G en. 1 3 3 H ng rford, Wa t r Lord, , Mass y,

Hus ee N l s 1 4 Em e 1 6 48 1 46 , icho a , Maud, pr ss, , ,

’ I 1 0 EA TH S S EW 2 0 na, MAUD H CAU AY, I l 2 1 el m 1 2 5 7 n ands , M ksha , ,

I s el d e 2 3 2 el e I 2 3 2 ri h M o i s, M odi s, rish,

I s b ell e e 52 E MB E S OF P LI ME T 6 a a, Qu n . M R AR A N , 7

Iv T h e 3 5 em d m B o of T m y, , M oran u ok ho as

CK S N 2 3 8 G i e 1 89 JA ON, CA ON , ard n r,

o b of N 1 8 ll 1 1 Jac s orton, Mi s, el T me I. 61 e S els 3 Ja s , Miss hrush s and quirr , 7 II 62 K T 1 6 34 J me . a s , MON ON, , P e 51 le P 1 6 1 7 John , rinc , Monkton Far y riory , , , Ki 5 1 1 46 John, ng ,

Kebl e 44 me al I 1 65 , John, Monu nt nscriptions,

K en B 2 2 6 E TH M S 2 2 5 2 28 2 30 , ishop , MOOR , O A , , ,

Ke R 62 me R e 5 2 nt, ichard, Morti r, og r,

K St el 2 03 2 1 9 2 3 GGLET VIC . 7 2 1 0 ington Micha , , , MU ON, LUDO ,

Abbe 1 44 N TIVES IS TI G IS HE 2 1 0 Lacock y, A , D N U D,

le B ell 3 5 3 7 3 9 1 88 Ne el Sir 34 Lang y urr , , , , d, John ,

‘ l e e 4 1 Ne ﬂ el 2 6 Lang y Fitzurs , , F ix, I N D E X . 2 47

Ne e m e 2 3 49 55 SCH L T h e 1 03 th r or , , , OO , , SC TT 2 N MI VILLAE U M 1 1 3 . 09 O NA , O , Dr Se 9 O b n e St . 1 1 2 g our , Mary , rfs,

O e e e es 7 6 Se m u Sir E . 1 7 rdnanc s and D cr , y o r, ,

P l e S e 5 84 S HE L 1 3 1 84 a ac quar , , DON, ,

P ri l 2 43 S e if in P 7 3 a sh Counci , h r f rison , PA LI ME T E MB E S o f 67 SHE RIEES o f ILTS 1 1 6 R A N , M R , W ,

’ PA L S St . H C H 1 9 1 Sl e 1 46 U , C UR , aug ht rford,

Pavel 1 5 Slo ert o n e 2 3 1 y , p Cottag ,

Peck in el 2 5 30 Sm ll Po x 9 9 g , , a ,

’ Pemb e E l o f 67 S e B wle 2 24 rok , ar , onn ts, o s s , Pe lli m 2 1 1 S e 2 2 5 2 2 8 2 3 7 nn, Wi a , outh y, , ,

P b n f e 2 0 2 1 S a i e m l o . e m 3 4 ra u atio For sts , p , Ch pp nha ,

PE S S O F N TE 2 1 7 S e e de 5 2 R ON O , p nc r, Hug h ,

Pew m 2 0 2 2 56 ST LE AB B E 48 sha , , , AN Y Y. S P e m 2 6 e e K . 1 2 i d ont, t ph n, ,

PILL 80 S e e Co l . 1 34 ORY, t ph ns, ,

PL G E T h e 9 8 ST CK S T h e 8 1 A U , , O , , P l o f e m 1 2 S e E w 1 88 opu ation Chipp nha , tok s, d ard,

P m Sir 82 1 61 ST EETS 82 opha , F , R ,

P Alf e 2 1 3 Swi e e 1 1 rovis , r d, n h rds . ” P 2 1 3 S lva 44 rovis, John, y , P e Sir Gilbe 1 7 1 83 T e B i 2 39 rynn , rt , , ann r, shop ,

R G e 1 9 1 T VE S 83 ain, r at, A RN ,

Reb o n hi e m 242 T e 8 us C pp nha , ax s,

RE GIS TE S T h e 1 54 TE A: REGIS 48 R , , RR , 4 R I. 1 4 9 T e Re l 1 48 ichard , , ith s . ctoria ,

R II . 50 T K E S 9 2 ichard, , O N ,

RI TS 1 07 T W o r CHiPPE NHAM 2 O , O N , 8

R e S m el 2 32 T W LL 63 og rs, a u , O N HA , R m 3 To w ll 1 1 1 06 o ans, n Mi , , R w w B le o f 1 3 1 T W P M 86 ound ay Do n, att , O N U P,

B WD 1 4 1 3 4 T W E LL 8 O ON, , O N W , 7

S ile e 1 52 T e 9 0 acr g , rad , S l b Pl 69 T e b 52 a is ury ain, r nch, Arch ishop , 2 48 HI STORY O F C HIPP E N HA M.

T w e 1 2 e e e 2 2 2 2 2 8 ro bridg , W ston sup r Mar , ,

T e o 1 48 1 8 7 ill 42 yth rt n Lucas, , Wick H ,

U ill 2 2 2 ill m I . 8 ph , W ia ,

IC o r HI E H M 1 46 Wilts hi e Ra nt 1 88 V AR C PP N A , r ,

e e 3 5 Wilts hi e B eauties o 23 7 Vicarag Hous , r , f,

o f K n St . el l Ar h o a e c aa . M . 2 40 Vicar ingto Micha , Wi tshir g 2 03 ILTS G E 3 5 W , ARD N of,

ll 1 0 ILTS S E B IE NS o f 1 1 6 Vi an, W , R ,

’ ILL RE GI 2 4 Wo odruﬂ e Wm 30 1 03 V A A, , , ,

ll Sir Wm 1 2 S E LTIC SAX e . 8 1 9 5 Wa r, , WORD , C AND ON , l o I 2 1 8 W w 2 2 6 Wa t n, saac, ords orth, m e 4 1 2 e m B 1 47 War inst r, , Wyk ha , ishop ,

E LL S 3 3 le l e de B 50 W , Wy , Wa t r , ishop ,