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Negotiating Sustainable Landscape Management in Lao Pdr

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Negotiating Sustainable Landscape Management in Lao Pdr NEGOTIATING SUSTAINABLE LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT IN LAO PDR Jeremy Bourgoin (MSc) A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Queensland in November 2011 School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management ii Declaration by author This thesis is composed of my original work, and contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference has been made in the text. I have clearly stated the contribution by others to jointly-authored works that I have included in my thesis. I have clearly stated the contribution of others to my thesis as a whole, including statistical assistance, survey design, data analysis, significant technical procedures, professional editorial advice, and any other original research work used or reported in my thesis. The content of my thesis is the result of work I have carried out since the commencement of my research higher degree candidature and does not include a substantial part of work that has been submitted to qualify for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution. I have clearly stated which parts of my thesis, if any, have been submitted to qualify for another award. I acknowledge that an electronic copy of my thesis must be lodged with the University Library and, subject to the General Award Rules of The University of Queensland, immediately made available for research and study in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. I acknowledge that copyright of all material contained in my thesis resides with the copyright holder(s) of that material. iii Statement of contribution to: Jointly authored works contained in the thesis This thesis contains six jointly authored published papers (two in press) and two jointly authored manuscripts that have been submitted for peer review. These papers are reproduced in full as chapters of this thesis. I conducted the majority of the work in chapters 4, 5, 7 including data collection, data analysis, interpretation, synthesis, drafting and writing. As part of a transdisciplinary project, this thesis includes collaborative papers. For chapters 2, 3, 8, I principally contributed to data collection, ideas, design and editing and to a lesser degree to data analysis and writing. Authors and co-authors contributions are indicated below the relevant citations. Chapter 2: Guillaume Lestrelin, Jean-Christophe Castella, and Jeremy Bourgoin (in press) Territorializing sustainable development: The politics of land-use planning in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Journal of Contemporary Asia Lestrelin (50%), Castella (30%), Bourgoin (20%) Chapter 3: Guillaume Lestrelin, Jeremy Bourgoin, Bounthanom Bouahom, and Jean-Christophe Castella (2011) Measuring participation: Case studies on village land-use planning in northern Lao PDR. Applied Geography 31:950-958. Lestrelin (50%), Bourgoin (40%) Bouahom (2.5%), Castella (7.5%) Chapter 4: Jeremy Bourgoin, Jean-Christophe Castella, David Pullar, Guillaume Lestrelin and Bounthanom Bouahom (in press) Towards a land zoning negotiation-support platform: ‘Tips and tricks’ of participatory land-use planning in Lao PDR. Landscape and urban Planning. Bourgoin (80%), Castella (10%), Pullar (5%), Lestrelin (2.5%), Bouahom (2.5%) Chapter 5: Jeremy Bourgoin, and Jean-Christophe Castella (2011) 'PLUP FICTION': landscape simulation for participatory land-use planning in Northern Lao PDR. Mountain Research and Development 31(2): 78-88. Bourgoin (80%), Castella (20%) Chapter 7: Jeremy Bourgoin, Jean-Christophe Castella, Cornelia Hett, Guillaume Lestrelin, and Andreas Heinimann (2011). Democratizing REDD through participatory land-use planning in Lao PDR. (to be submitted to Ecology & Society). Bourgoin (75%), Castella (15%), Hett (5%), Lestrelin (3%), Heinimann (2%) Chapter 8: Jean-Christophe Castella, Jeremy Bourgoin, Guillaume Lestrelin, Bounthanom Bouahom, Linkham Douangsavanh (2011) Engaging with local communities in designing their future landscapes: Promises and premises of participatory land-use planning in Lao PDR. (to be submitted to Landscape Ecology). Castella (50%), Bourgoin (40%), Lestrelin (8%), Bouahom (1%), Douangsavanh (1%) iv Statement of contribution of others to the thesis as a whole Dr. David Lamb, Dr. Jonathan Newby, and Dr. Owen Powell contributed to the development of ideas and commented on several drafts. Professor Ole Mertz provided advice on Chapter 7. Statement of parts of the thesis submitted to qualify for the award of another degree None. Published works by the Author Incorporated into the Thesis Chapter 2: Guillaume Lestrelin, Jean-Christophe Castella, and Jeremy Bourgoin (in press) Territorializing sustainable development: The politics of land-use planning in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic. Journal of Contemporary Asia. Chapter 3: Guillaume Lestrelin, Jeremy Bourgoin, Bounthanom Bouahom, and Jean-Christophe Castella (2011) Measuring participation: Case studies on village land-use planning in northern Lao PDR. Applied Geography 31:950-958. Chapter 4: Jeremy Bourgoin, Jean-Christophe Castella, David Pullar, Guillaume Lestrelin and Bounthanom Bouahom (in press) Towards a land zoning negotiation-support platform: ‘Tips and tricks’ of participatory land-use planning in Lao PDR. Landscape and urban Planning. Chapter 5: Jeremy Bourgoin, and Jean-Christophe Castella (2011) 'PLUP FICTION': landscape simulation for participatory land-use planning in Northern Lao PDR. Mountain Research and Development 31(2):78-88. Chapter 6: Jeremy Bourgoin (2012) Sharpening the understanding of rural landscapes with participatory land-use planning in Lao PDR. Applied Geography 34:99-110. Additional publication relevant to the thesis, but not forming part of it None. v Acknowledgments This thesis could not have been completed without the assistance, advice and support of a number of people. Firstly, I would like to thank my advisory team at the University of Queensland, David Pullar and Jonathan Rhodes for their support and advice throughout my postgraduate studies. I also would like to congratulate my supervisor Jean-Christophe Castella from the ‘Institut de Recherche pour le Développement’ who hosted me in his projects in Lao PDR for two years. I am deeply appreciative of his time, energy and consideration. I also would like to thank Guillaume Lestrelin who guided me throughout field work and writing processes. This doctorate research has been conducted in Lao PDR under a complex institutional arrangement. I would like to thank both the Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) and the IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement) for having involved me in their Landscape Mosaics project and the CATCH-UP (Comprehensive Analysis of Trajectories of Change in the Uplands) Program. During field studies, I stayed at the National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute (NAFRI, Vientiane- Lao PDR). I would like to thank Bounthanom Bouahom, Manithaithip Thepphavanh, Sangthong Phatsalin, Sayasith Phonphakdy, and Khamla Nanthavongfor their kindness, support and translations during field missions. Thank you for making my stay in your country an enjoyable and memorable one. In particular, I would like to thank Guillaume for his wonderful friendship and support during the two years of my stay in this research institute. Also, I would like to thank all villagers, local staff from government agencies and research colleagues, who were involved in the field activities I would like to thank staff and research students at the School of Geography Planning and Environmental Management for their assistance and friendship. I will never forget the ‘cage dwellers’: Owen Powell, Lincoln Steinberger, Ryan McGloin, Andrew Smith, Oliver Robinson, Missaka Hettiarachchi, and Juliane Sander. This research would not have been possible without the encouragements and understanding of my family and friends in France, Lao PDR and Australia. Special thanks to Charlotte for her constant support and help in the editing process. vi Preface This thesis is presented, with the exception of Chapter 1 (Introduction) and 9 (General Discussion), as a compilation of interconnected published, in press, or in revision manuscripts. For the most part, the content of these manuscripts (Chapters 2-8) are presented as they were submitted or published and the relevant journals are acknowledged at the start of each chapter. Minor stylistic changes have been made to the manuscripts embedded in the thesis, for the purpose of maintaining consistency and logical flow throughout. For example, figures and tables within the chapters have been re-labelled, referencing styles have been standardised and individual chapter references have been collated and presented at the end of Chapter 9. As Chapters 2-8 were written as stand-alone articles for peer-reviewed journals, there is some repetition between chapters. The plates presented at the start of each chapter are for illustrative purposes and are not an integral part of the thesis. They are not referred to in the text. vii Abstract Land-use Planning (LUP) has long been used as a tool for applying sustainable development discourses and accounting for both present and future needs of populations. In Lao PDR, like in many natural resource rich but population poor countries, successive land-use policies have been tested to respond to conservation-development challenges in relation to on-going land and forest degradation. Past land-use planning/ land allocation processes have been seen as counterproductive, exacerbating
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