DOCSLIB.ORG

Crispy River Weed ໄຄ , ໄຄແຜ່ ນ

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Crispy River Weed ໄຄ , ໄຄແຜ່ ນ ບດສົົົົ ງລວມກັັັັ ່່່່ ຽວກບຜະລັັັັ ດຕະພິິິິ ນຊັັັັ ວະນາໆີີີີ ພນກະສັັັັ ກິິິິ າໍໍໍໍ ຂອງ ສປປ ລາວ Profile of Lao Agro-Biodiversity Products Nr.4: Crispy River Weed ໄຄ , ໄຄແຜ່ ນ Draft, 19 August 2016 Vientiane, 19 August 2016 Lao WomensUnion, Luang Prabang Table of Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Botanical Characteristics of River Weed ......................................................................................... 1 3. River weed in the eco-system ......................................................................................................... 3 3.1. Changes in Eco-system and Impacts on River Weed ........................................................................ 3 4. Distribution of River Weed and Crispy River Weed Production in Lao PDR, particularly in Luang Prabang Province ..................................................................................................................................... 4 4.1. Distribution of River Weed inLuang Phabang .................................................................................. 4 4.2. Crispy River Weed production Resources ........................................................................................ 6 4.2.1. Luang Prabang Province .......................................................................................................... 6 4.2.2. Houaphan Province ............................................................................................................... 13 4.2.3. Xiengkhouang Province ......................................................................................................... 13 4.2.4. Other provinces ..................................................................................................................... 15 5. Crispy River Weed Production ...................................................................................................... 15 6. Nutrition Data of River Weed ....................................................................................................... 18 7. Economic Estimation of Crispy River Weed Production ............................................................... 20 8. Value Chain of Making, Processing and Marketing for CRW in Luang Prabang Province ............ 21 8.1. In Luang Prabang Province ............................................................................................................. 21 8.2. In Xiengkouang province ................................................................................................................ 23 9. Opportunity, Threats and Challenges for Crispy River Weed Production .................................... 25 9.1. Opportunity .................................................................................................................................... 25 9.2. Constrains and Chalenges .............................................................................................................. 27 9.2.1. Recommendations for the Crispy river weed production groups ......................................... 31 9.2.2. Recommendations for the involved private sector ............................................................... 32 9.2.3. Recommendations for linking with the private sector organization ..................................... 32 9.2.4. Recommendations for the development organization support ........................................... 32 Annex 1 : References ............................................................................................................................ 35 Annex 2: Village profile, Population and Experiences on Crispy river weed production process in 25 crw prodcution villages, Luang Prabang Province ........................................................................................ 36 Annex 3 : Experiences and People’s Methodology of Crispy river weed production ........................... 38 List of Data Tables Table 1: List of Rivers on which Raw River weed are collected by 25 villages for Crispy River Weed production in Luang Prabang Province ............................................................................................................. 4 Table 2: List of Villages Producing Crispy River Weed in Luang Prabang Province ........................................... 6 Table 3: Proportion of Families Producing Crispy River weed versus Total number of Families of 25 in Luang Prabang Province ............................................................................................................................................... 7 Table 4: Profile of Crispy River Weed Production in 25 Villages in Luang Prabang Province............................ 8 Table 5: List of Villages Participating TABI Activity on Using River weed for Production of Sustainable ........ 13 Table 6: Data on Outputs of Crispy River Weed of 9 Villages in 2 districts of Xiengkhouang from December 2014 to March 2015 ........................................................................................................................................ 14 Table 7: Products quantity and number of families prepare CRW under TABI project in Xiengkouang in 2014- 2015 ................................................................................................................................................................. 14 Table 8: Nutrition Value of River Weed ........................................................................................................... 19 Table 9: Production Cost and Net Profit of Crispy river Weed Production ..................................................... 20 Table 10: Average Income/family/year from Crispy river weed production of 4 villages in LPB province ..... 21 Table 11: Number of family, Quantity & Value of production/Selling Raw RW/CRW in 25 villages of LPB province ........................................................................................................................................................... 22 Table 12: Potentials and Opportunity for Crispy river weed production in 25 villages of LPB province ........ 26 Table 13: Weak points and Constraints in the Crispy river weed production in Luang Prabang Province ..... 28 Table 14: Problems, Potentials and Causes related to Crispy river weed production 21 villages of LPB province ........................................................................................................................................................... 29 Table 15: Pending issues or weak points in implementing the promotion activity on crispy river weed production in 9 villages of 2 districts in Xiengkhouang province during the year 2014-2015. ....................... 31 Table 16: Proposals on the needs of CRW in 21 villages in Luang Prabang Province for promotion of commercial CRW production........................................................................................................................... 33 List of Figures Figure 1 : River weed of Cladophora family ...................................................................................................... 2 Figure 2: River weed of Microspora and Spirogyra family ................................................................................ 2 Figure 3: Map of location of villages collecting river weed, making crispy river weed in Houaphan province ......................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Figure 4: Crispy river weed products ............................................................................................................... 15 Figure 5: Steps in Production of crispy river weed .......................................................................................... 18 Figure 6:The feature of crispy river weed produced in Phongsaly and Oudomxay provinces ........................ 18 Figure 7: Chain value of raw river weed and Crispy river weed in Xiengkhouang province ........................... 24 1. Introduction The Lao PDR has plenty biodiversity of both terrestrial and aquatic ones. As for the aquatic biodiversity, river weed is an important biodiversity especially in eco-system, social and economic aspects. In the aquatic eco- system, river weed is a starting point of food cycle for the herbivores and small living things which then becomes food for the carnivore further. In addition, the river weed also has important function in producing vital oxygen for sustaining of big animals, small animals. River weed is also important for the society. River weed is food with high nutrient value and people can find it easily. People of many local areas used to have indigenous knowledge and have inherited it for many generations in preparing river weed as food in different methods and forms for their consumption. Among others, the people in some areas of Luang Prabang and Oudomxay Provinces historically have an outstanding unique in the society (LWU-LPB 2015). Up to now, beside it’s regarded as the high-value nutrition food; general people still can collect it from the natural sources for their family consumption. In some local areas, river weed has become the commercial goods which people bring it for sales in form of raw river weed and processed already, especially the crispy river weed which the market has high demand. The survey in 2015 has found that
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ABP Inception Workshop Report November 2011
    Mainstreaming Biodiversity into Lao PDR’s Agricultural and Land Management Policies, Plans, and Programmes Project “Agro-Biodiversity Project” (ABP) Inception Workshop Report December 2011 ABP Inception Workshop Report November 2011 ii ABP Inception Workshop Report November 2011 Table of Contents Project Overview ......................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Acronyms and Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................iv PROJECT UPDATE...................................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Background ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 2. Clarifications of terminology and concepts .............................................................................................................. 1 2.1 Biodiversity related issues .................................................................................................................................. 1 2.2 Conservation and sustainable use ....................................................................................................................... 4 2.3 Participatory Forest and Land Use Planning – tool for agro-biodiversity management ....................................
    [Show full text]
  • Mainstreaming Biodiversity in Lao PDR's Agricultural and Land
    Mainstreaming Biodiversity in Lao PDR’s Agricultural and Land Management Policies, Plans and Programmes Lao PDR GEF Agency: United Nations Development Programme Executing Partners: Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry GEF Biodiversity Focal Area GEF Project ID: 2416 UNDP PIMS: 2903; UNDP Atlas Project Number: 00075435 Mid-term Review Report July 25, 2014 Source: ABP project presentation on integrated pest management. Mainstreaming Biodiversity in Lao PDR’s Agricultural and Land Management Policies, Plans and Programmes UNDP Lao PDR Country Office Mid-term Review Josh Brann, International Consultant, [email protected] Athsaphangthong Munelith, National Consultant, [email protected] Table of Contents I. Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................................... 1 Implementation and Execution Issues ................................................................................................................. 4 Technical Focus .................................................................................................................................................... 5 II. Lao ABP Project Mid-term Review Approach ............................................................................................................ 8 A. Mid-term Review Purpose and Objectives ....................................................................................................... 8 B. Mid-term Review Scope ...................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment of Wildlife Use by Northern Laos Nationals
    animals Article An Assessment of Wildlife Use by Northern Laos Nationals Elizabeth Oneita Davis * and Jenny Anne Glikman San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Rd, Escondido, CA 92026, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 17 March 2020; Accepted: 8 April 2020; Published: 15 April 2020 Simple Summary: Although unsustainable wildlife consumption is a leading threat to biodiversity in Southeast Asia, there is still a notable lack of research around the issue, particularly into which animals may be “on the horizon” of impending conservation concern. Using semistructured interviews, we investigated the consumption of wildlife in northern Laos, with a focus on the use of wildlife for medicinal purposes. Bear bile was the most popular product, but serow bile was second in popularity and used for similar ailments. In light of these results, and considering the vulnerability of both bear and serow populations in the wild, greater concern needs to be taken to reduce demand for these products, before this demand becomes a significant conservation challenge. Abstract: Unsustainable wildlife trade is a well-publicized area of international concern in Laos. Historically rich in both ethnic and biological diversity, Laos has emerged in recent years as a nexus for cross-border trade in floral and faunal wildlife, including endangered and threatened species. However, there has been little sustained research into the scale and scope of consumption of wildlife by Laos nationals themselves. Here, we conducted 100 semistructured interviews to gain a snapshot of consumption of wildlife in northern Laos, where international and in some cases illegal wildlife trade is known to occur.
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Checklist of Hoya (Asclepiadaceae) in the Flora of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam
    Turczaninowia 20 (3): 103–147 (2017) ISSN 1560–7259 (print edition) DOI: 10.14258/turczaninowia.20.3.10 TURCZANINOWIA http://turczaninowia.asu.ru ISSN 1560–7267 (online edition) УДК 582.394:581.4 Preliminary checklist of Hoya (Asclepiadaceae) in the flora of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam L. V. Averyanov1, Van The Pham2, T. V. Maisak1, Tuan Anh Le3, Van Canh Nguyen4, Hoang Tuan Nguyen5, Phi Tam Nguyen6, Khang Sinh Nguyen2, Vu Khoi Nguyen7, Tien Hiep Nguyen8, M. Rodda9 1 Komarov Botanical Institute, Prof. Popov, 2; St. Petersburg, RF-197376, Russia E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam. E-mail: [email protected] 3Quang Tri Center of Science and Technology, Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, 121 Ly Thuong Kiet, Dong Ha, Quang Tri, Vietnam. E-mail: [email protected] 4 3/12/3 Vo Van Kiet Street, Buon Ma Thuot City, Dak Lak province, Vietnam. E-mail: [email protected] 5Department of Pharmacognosy, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 15 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam E-mail: [email protected] 6Viet Nam Post and Telecommunications Group – VNPT, Lam Dong 8 Tran Phu Street, Da Lat City, Lam Dong Province, Vietnam. E-mail: [email protected] 7Wildlife At Risk, 202/10 Nguyen Xi st., ward 26, Binh Thanh, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam. E-mail: [email protected] 8Center for Plant Conservation, no. 25/32, lane 191, Lac Long Quan, Nghia Do, Cau Giay District, Ha Noi, Vietnam E-mail: [email protected] 9Herbarium, Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance of Savings Groups in Mountainous Laos Under Shifting Cultivation Stabilization Policy
    <Articles>Performance of Savings Groups in Mountainous Title Laos under Shifting Cultivation Stabilization Policy Author(s) FUJITA, Koichi; Ohno, Akihiko; Chansathith, Chaleunsinh Citation Southeast Asian Studies (2015), 3(4): 39-71 Issue Date 2015-03 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199240 Right ©Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Performance of Savings Groups in Mountainous Laos under Shifting Cultivation Stabilization Policy Fujita Koichi,* Ohno Akihiko,** and Chansathith Chaleunsinh*** The shifting cultivation stabilization policy after the mid-1990s in northern Laos had a fundamental impact on rural lives, including an accelerated migration of non-Lao ethnic people. Based on household-level detailed data collected in 2010–11 from eight villages in Luang Prabang Province, we analyze first the differential impacts of such a policy on different types of villages in terms of location (access to urban centers), land endowments, ethnic composition, etc. Then we examine the role and limitations of village-level savings groups (SGs) introduced by an NGO (supported by the Lao Women’s Union) from the middle of the first decade of the twenty-first century. It is found that most of the SGs faced difficulties in accumulating savings, which resulted in a shortage of funds that could be credited to needy members. Money borrowed from SGs is used mainly for medical treatment and consumption. It is suggested that income stabilization and diversification is one
    [Show full text]
  • A Cross Sectional Study 80 Pertussis in Lao PDR: Seroprevalence and Disease
    Summary 01 Letter from Dr. Paul BREY 06 Arbovirus and Emerging viral diseases laboratory Lao-French joint Lab 1 08 Arbovirus surveillance in Lao PDR 10 Ecomore2 project 11 Inputs of Research and development activities in Ecomore2 project 14 COVID19 activities 15 Training activities 16 Education activities (Elodie Calvez) 16 Evaluation of new diagnostic tools for Chikungunya virus 17 Medical Entomology & Biology of Disease Vectors Laboratory Lao-French joint Lab 2 20 Tick Map 3 project: Mapping of Vectors and Reservoir Hosts in Lao PDR 27 Origins, natural reservoirs and Interspecies transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other SARS-like CoVs 31 ECOnomic Development, ECOsystem Modifications, and Emerging Infectious Diseases Risk Evaluation (ECOMORE II). Entomology work package. 39 Assessing the risk of insecticide resistance in the tiger mosquito: A predictive approach combining experimental selection and molecular markers (TigeRisk) 41 Entomological field surveys in selected high-risk dengue transmission areas in Vientiane. (Baseline survey) 45 Vaccine Preventable Diseases Laboratory Lao-Lux Lab 52 Hepatitis B virus in Lao Blood donors: a nationwide serostudyviruses 69 Hepatitis B virus in Lao dentists: a cross-sectional serological study 63 Positive impact of HBV vaccination in Lao PDR 71 Timeliness of immunisation with Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis whole cell– Hepatitis B–Haemophilus influenzae Type B at different levels of the health care system in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic: a cross sectional study 80 Pertussis in Lao PDR: Seroprevalence
    [Show full text]
  • Performance of Savings Groups in Mountainous Laos Under Shifting Cultivation Stabilization Policy Author(S
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Kyoto University Research Information Repository <Articles>Performance of Savings Groups in Mountainous Title Laos under Shifting Cultivation Stabilization Policy Author(s) FUJITA, Koichi; Ohno, Akihiko; Chansathith, Chaleunsinh Citation Southeast Asian Studies (2015), 3(4): 39-71 Issue Date 2015-03 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199240 Right ©Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University Type Journal Article Textversion publisher Kyoto University Performance of Savings Groups in Mountainous Laos under Shifting Cultivation Stabilization Policy Fujita Koichi,* Ohno Akihiko,** and Chansathith Chaleunsinh*** The shifting cultivation stabilization policy after the mid-1990s in northern Laos had a fundamental impact on rural lives, including an accelerated migration of non-Lao ethnic people. Based on household-level detailed data collected in 2010–11 from eight villages in Luang Prabang Province, we analyze first the differential impacts of such a policy on different types of villages in terms of location (access to urban centers), land endowments, ethnic composition, etc. Then we examine the role and limitations of village-level savings groups (SGs) introduced by an NGO (supported by the Lao Women’s Union) from the middle of the first decade of the twenty-first century. It is found that most of the SGs faced difficulties in accumulating savings, which resulted in a shortage of funds that could be credited to needy members. Money borrowed from SGs is used mainly for medical treatment and consumption. It is suggested that income stabilization and diversification is one of the key factors that facilitate villagers’ participation in SGs.
    [Show full text]
  • Poverty Alleviation for All
    FEBRUARY 2003 • ASIA DIVISION Laos Poverty Alleviation for all Contents Foreword by Sida ....................................................................................... I Preface ..................................................................................................... II Chapter 1 Introduction .................................................................. 5 1.0 Lao as a national language and culture .................................... 5 1.1 The Anthropology of development and development anthropology ............................................................................. 8 1.1.1 Traditional applications of anthropology ................................. 8 1.1.2 Anthropological views of development..................................... 9 1.2 What kind of anthropologhy to pursue in relation to development? .......................................................................... 10 1.3 Physical versus mental in research and analysis...................... 12 1.4 Finally, what is cultural change? ............................................. 14 Chapter 2 Upland population, density and land use ........................ 16 2.0 Population in relation to forests .............................................. 16 2.1 Demography in the uplands.................................................... 17 2.2 Ethnolinguistic composition .................................................... 25 2.3 Migration trends ..................................................................... 29 2.4 Conclusion .............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Report of the 1St Knowledge Capitalization Workshop on Nam Khan Watershed, Lao PDR
    Preserving the Natural and Cultural Heritage of the Nam Khan Watershed Report of the 1st Knowledge Capitalization Workshop on Nam Khan Watershed, Lao PDR PAFO office, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR February 4‐5, 2010 Jérémy Ferrand, Jean‐Christophe Castella March 2010 Citation: Ferrand J., Castella J.C. (2010). Report of the 1st Knowledge Capitalization Workshop on Nam Khan Watershed. Eco-Valley Programme, WREO, Luang Prabang, Laos. Contents General background Introduction Introduction to the knowledge capitalization process and expectations for the first workshop The Nam Khan Eco-valley Programme and the role of the knowledge capitalization process The Nam Khan area: a diversity of natures and cultures Plenary presentation and discussion Group discussion: Identifying zones in NK watershed that are homogenous in terms of conservation & development issues Who is doing what, where, in the Nam Khan area Plenary presentation and discussion Group discussion: List the new project, prioritize geographical areas and topic to address What are the issues to be tackled in priority in the Nam Khan watershed? Plenary presentations and discussion Group discussions: towards a management plan to tackle the priority issues in the Nam Khan watershed? From knowledge integration to integrated management of natural resources Experiences from a Regional Park in France Main conclusions and perspectives Appendix 1: List of participants Appendix 2: Agenda of the workshop Appendix 3: Introduction to the knowledge capitalization process Appendix 4: The Nam Khan Eco‐valley Programme Appendix 5: Diversity of natural and human environments in the Nam Khan watershed Appendix 6: Who is doing what, where, in the Nam Khan area Appendix 7: Nam Khan studies and projects profile sheets 2 General background This workshop was the first step of the knowledge capitalization process of the Nam Khan Ecovalley programme.
    [Show full text]
  • BANANA PLANTATION.Indd
    This project is funded by the European Union LABOUR RIGHTS, CHILD RIGHTS AND GENDER JUSTICE FOR LAO WORKERS IN CHINESE BANANA PLANTATIONS IN BOKEO A Research Study contribuƟ ng to the Project enƟ tled Strengthening civil society to protect and promote social, economic and cultural rights of ethnic communiƟ es in Bokeo province Funded by European Union (EU) Stuart Ling and Mai Yer Xiong Independent Consultants LABOUR RIGHTS, CHILD RIGHTS AND GENDER JUSTICE FOR LAO WORKERS IN CHINESE BANANA PLANTATIONS IN BOKEO A Research Study contribuƟ ng to the Project enƟ tled Strengthening civil society to protect and promote social, economic and cultural rights of ethnic communiƟ es in Bokeo province Funded by European Union (EU) Stuart Ling and Mai Yer Xiong Independent Consultants January 2017 CONTENTS Page List of Figures 1 List of Tables 1 Acronyms 2 Executive Summary 3 1. Introduction 6 1.1 Background to this research 6 1.2 Classifi cation of plantation workers employed by Chinese companies 7 1.3 Review of labour rights issues in Lao PDR 9 1.4 Review of child rights and gender justice issues in Lao PDR 12 1.5 Research Questions 16 1.6 Structure of this report 17 Chapter 2. Methodology 18 2.1 Guiding assumptions 18 2.2 Researcher positioning 18 2.3 Research Design 18 2.4 Sampling procedures 22 2.5 Data Analysis 25 2.6 Feedback process and refi nement of conclusions and recommendations 25 Chapter 3. Results and Discussion 26 3.1 Demography of plantation workers living in camps 26 3.2 Realisation of labour rights under the Lao laws 27 3.3 Use of agrochemicals 34 3.4 Gender rights issues 39 3.5 Realisation of child rights 41 3.6 Household hopes for the future 48 3.7 Role of government and civil society in ensuring labour rights, child rights and gender justice 52 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance of Savings Groups in Mountainous Laos Under Shifting Cultivation Stabilization Policy
    Performance of Savings Groups in Mountainous Laos under Shifting Cultivation Stabilization Policy Fujita Koichi,* Ohno Akihiko,** and Chansathith Chaleunsinh*** The shifting cultivation stabilization policy after the mid-1990s in northern Laos had a fundamental impact on rural lives, including an accelerated migration of non-Lao ethnic people. Based on household-level detailed data collected in 2010–11 from eight villages in Luang Prabang Province, we analyze first the differential impacts of such a policy on different types of villages in terms of location (access to urban centers), land endowments, ethnic composition, etc. Then we examine the role and limitations of village-level savings groups (SGs) introduced by an NGO (supported by the Lao Women’s Union) from the middle of the first decade of the twenty-first century. It is found that most of the SGs faced difficulties in accumulating savings, which resulted in a shortage of funds that could be credited to needy members. Money borrowed from SGs is used mainly for medical treatment and consumption. It is suggested that income stabilization and diversification is one of the key factors that facilitate villagers’ participation in SGs. Keywords: Laos, savings group, shifting cultivation stabilization policy, emergency I Introduction In the late 1990s, village savings and credit groups (hereafter savings groups, or SGs) were introduced from Northeast Thailand to Laos by NGOs—Foundation for Integrated Agricultural and Environmental Management and Community Organizations Develop- ment Institute of Thailand—with the cooperation of the Lao Women’s Union (LWU), first to villages in Vientiane Municipality and later to hinterland areas where the market economy was less developed (see Ohno and Fujita, special issue introduction paper).
    [Show full text]
  • Most Significant Change Stories: P-FALUPAM 1 Introduction the Project Evaluation Process
    Participatory Forest and Land Use Planning, Allocation and Management Most Significant The Change Agro Stories Biodiversity Initiative 2009 - 2020 Sengphachanh Sonethavixay FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute Seagame Village Rd, Nongviengkham Village, Xaythany District, Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR Tel/Fax: +856 21770892 Vientiane Capital, July 2020 Website: www.phakhaolao.la Table of contents Introduction 2 The project evaluation process 3 MSC approach 3 Story selection 4 Xiengkhouang Stories Empowering women’s economic development 7 Creating economic opportunities for youth to return home 9 Leveraging opportunities for income from cattle rearing 11 Women-led SME development in the tea sector 13 Reducing intercommunity conflict 15 Reducing wildfires and enhancing agro-biodiversity 17 Protecting forest areas critical for the mushroom sector 19 Protecting village forests from powerful companies 21 Luang Prabang Stories Increasing forest cover and biodiversity 23 Creating sustainable markets for local broom production 25 Changing local perceptions about land use and livelihood options 27 Moving benzoin cultivation towards a sustainable path to development 29 Ensuring the successful expansion of cardamom 31 Making space for galangal cultivation in forests 33 Helping expand rattan cultivation for food and profit 35 Linking agro-biodiversity to income and small enterprises for women 37 Creating leadership opportunities for women 39 National Level Stories Supporting national dialog
    [Show full text]