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Contents- Ch1 and Ch2-1 (3).Pmd -I- Contents of Chapter-1 1.1 What is Computer ......................................................... 1-2 1.2 Organization of Computer ........................................... 1-3 1.2.1 Hardware ...................................................................... 1-3 1.2.1.1 Basic Computer Hardware .......................................... 1-4 1.2.1.2 Optional Computer Hardware ..................................... 1-5 1.2.2 Software........................................................................ 1-6 1.2.2.1 General Purpose Software .......................................... 1-7 1.2.2.2 Special Purpose Software ........................................... 1-7 1.3 Classification of Computer .......................................... 1-8 1.3.1 Classify by Computing Methods .................................. 1-9 1.3.1.1 Analog Computer ......................................................... 1-9 1.3.1.2 Digital Computer ........................................................ 1-12 1.3.1.3 Hybrid Computer ........................................................ 1-13 1.3.2 Classification by Size & Power ................................. 1-14 1.3.2.1 Supercomputer ........................................................... 1-14 1.3.2.2 Mainframe Computer ................................................. 1-16 1.3.2.3 Mini Computer ............................................................ 1-17 1.3.2.4 Micro Computer .......................................................... 1-18 1.4 Stages of Computing ................................................. 1-19 1.4.1 Input ............................................................................ 1-19 1.4.2 Process ........................................................................ 1-20 1.4.3 Output .......................................................................... 1-21 1.5 Counting Unit .............................................................. 1-22 1.6 Integrated Circuit ( IC )............................................... 1-23 1.7 BIOS(Basic Input Output System) .............................. 1-27 1.8 Operating System ....................................................... 1-28 1.9 Preprocessors ............................................................. 1-30 1.9.1 Interpreter ................................................................... 1-31 1.9.2 Compiler, Decompiler, Language ............................. 1-32 1.10 Numbering System ..................................................... 1-34 1.11 CPU Clock Speed ....................................................... 1-35 -II- Contents of Chapter-2 2.1 Input Devices ...................................................... 2-3 2.1.1 Keyboard....................................................................... 2-4 2.1.1.1 Keyboard Interfaces ..................................................... 2-4 Serial Keyboard Interface ........................................... 2-4 PS/2 Keyboard Interface .............................................. 2-5 USB Keyboard Interface .............................................. 2-6 Wireless Keyboard ....................................................... 2-6 2.1.1.2 Keyboard Standards .................................................... 2-7 83/84-Keys Keyboard Standard ................................... 2-7 101-Keys Keyboard Standard ...................................... 2-8 104-Keys Keyboard Standard ...................................... 2-8 2.1.1.3 Notebook Keyboard ................................................... 2-10 Numeric Keys.............................................................. 2-10 Extra Functions Keys ................................................. 2-11 2.1.2 Mouse .......................................................................... 2-12 2.1.2.1 Mouse For Desktop ..................................................... 2-13 Serial Mouse Interface............................................... 2-13 PS/2 Mouse Interface ................................................. 2-14 USB Mouse Interface ................................................. 2-15 Wireless Mouse Interface .......................................... 2-15 2.1.2.2 Mouse For Notebook .................................................. 2-16 Trackball Mouse ......................................................... 2-16 Trackpoint Mouse ....................................................... 2-17 Touchpad/ Trackpad................................................... 2-19 2.1.2.3 Wheel VS Optical Mouse ........................................... 2-20 2.1.3 Bar Code Reader ........................................................ 2-21 2.1.4 Scanner ....................................................................... 2-23 2.1.5 Optical Character Reader .......................................... 2-24 2.1.7 Joysticks/ Gamepad ................................................... 2-27 2.1.8 Other Input Devices .................................................... 2-27 -III- 2.2 Processing System ........................................... 2-29 2.2.1 CPU (Central Processing Unit) ................................... 2-29 2.2.1.1 Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU) ........................................ 2-30 2.2.1.2 Control Unit ( CU ) ....................................................... 2-30 2.2.2 Floating Point Unit( FPU ) .......................................... 2-31 2.2.3 Intel CPU Products ..................................................... 2-32 2.2.3.1 First Generation Intel CPU (P1) ................................. 2-33 2.2.3.2 Second Generation Intel CPU (P2)............................ 2-34 2.2.3.3 Third Generation Intel CPU (P3)................................ 2-35 2.2.3.4 Fourth Generation Intel CPU (P4) ............................. 2-36 2.2.3.5 Fifth Generation CPU (P5/586) ................................... 2-37 First Generation Pentium .......................................... 2-38 Second Generation Pentium ..................................... 2-39 Third Generation Pentium ......................................... 2-40 2.2.3.6 Six Generation Intel CPU(P6/686) ............................. 2-41 2.2.3.6.1 Pentium Pro ................................................................ 2-41 2.2.3.6.2 Pentium-II CPU ........................................................... 2-42 Pentium-II Classic CPUs ............................................. 2-43 Pentium-II Celeron CPUs ........................................... 2-44 Pentium-II Xeon CPUs ................................................ 2-45 2.2.3.6.3 Pentium-III CPU .......................................................... 2-47 SSE (Streaming Multimedia Extension) ................... 2-47 Intel Processor Serial No ........................................... 2-47 On-die Tharmal Diode ............................................... 2-48 Pentium-III Classic CPUs ............................................ 2-49 Pentium-III Celeron CPUs .......................................... 2-50 Pentium-III Xeon CPUs............................................... 2-51 2.2.3.7 Seven Generation CPU(P7) ....................................... 2-53 SSE2 ............................................................................ 2-54 -IV- SSE3 ............................................................................ 2-53 SSSE3 .......................................................................... 2-53 2.2.3.7.1 Pentium-4 Desktop CPUs ........................................... 2-55 Williamate .................................................................. 2-55 Northwood .................................................................. 2-55 Prescott ....................................................................... 2-56 Prescott 2M ................................................................. 2-57 2.2.4 Intel CPU Sockets ....................................................... 2-58 Socket-1 ...................................................................... 2-60 Socket-2 ...................................................................... 2-60 Socket-3 ...................................................................... 2-61 Socket-4 ...................................................................... 2-61 Socket-5 ...................................................................... 2-62 Socket-6 ...................................................................... 2-62 Socket-7 ...................................................................... 2-63 Socket-8 ...................................................................... 2-63 Socket-370 ................................................................... 2-64 Slot-1 ........................................................................... 2-64 Slot-2 ........................................................................... 2-65 Socket 423 ................................................................... 2-65 Socket 478 ................................................................... 2-66 Socket 775 ................................................................... 2-66 Socket 479 ................................................................... 2-67 Socket 603/604 ............................................................ 2-68 2.2.5 Additional Info About CPU ......................................... 2-69 2.2.5.1 Basic Instruction Cycle............................................... 2-69 Fetch Instruction ......................................................... 2-69 Decode Instruction ....................................................
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