September 18, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27525 history. For instance, the area will in four states; for establishment of a 300-mile S. 2371. An act for the relief of Dr. Her clude Old Fort No. 4, in Charlestown, Connecticut Valley Trail for hikers, and for man J. Lohmann; N.H., where Robert Rogers, leader of the designation of a winding tourway, a network S. 2477. An act for the relief of Dr. Fang of existing roads crisscrossing the river for its Luke Chiu; famed Roger's Rangers, ended his heroic entire length. S. 2506. An act for the relief of Dr. Julio .flight from marauding Indians in 1759. This bold scheme to save a lovely river, for Epifania Morera; The people of New Hampshire, under the which Senator Riblcoff of Connecticut and S. 2706. An act for the relief of Yung Ran direction of the New Hampshire Federa many dedicated private individuals and Kim; tion of Women's Clubs, are now restor groups have labored, depends on and de S. 2720. An act for the relief of Heng Liong ing the site of famous Old Fort No. 4. serves the support of Federal, state and Thung; An editorial published in today's New local governments and private landowners S. 2759. An act conferring U.S. citizenship in the valley. They cannot begin too soon posthumously upon S. Sgt. Ivan Claus King; York Times asks that the Federal Gov to work together to make its recommenda S. 3024. An act for the relief of Richard ernment and the State and local govern tions a reality. Sm!th (Noboru Kawano); ments concerned set to work on imple S. J. Res. 185. Joint resolution to grant the menting this plan as soon as possible. status of permanent residence to Maria Mer The editorial also mentions that the ORDER OF BUSINESS cedes Riewerts; bold plan is primarily the work of the Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Presi H.R. 8953. An act to amend the act of distinguished Senator from Connecticut dent, I suggest the absence of a quorum. November 21, 1941 (55 Stat. 773), providing [Mr. RIBICOFF]. The Bureau of Out for the alteration, reconstruction, or reloca The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk tion of certain highway and railroad bridges door Recreation report is the product will call the roll. by the Tennessee Valley Authority; and of his vision. The bill clerk proceeded to call the roll. H.R. 18763. An act to authorize preschool Mr. President, I ask unanimous con Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Pres and early education programs for handi sent that the editorial be printed in the ident, I ask unanimous consent that the capped children. RECORD. order for the quorum cs:i.11 be rescinded. There being no objection, the editorial The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without was ordered to be printed in the RECORD objection, it is so ordered. ADJOURNMENT as follows: Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Presi [From the New York Times, Sept. 18, 1968] dent, if there be no further business to THE MOST BEAUTIFUL CESSPOOL MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE-EN ROLLED BILLS AND JOINT RESO come before the Senate, I move that the Long regarded as among the world's most LUTION SIGNED Senate stand in adjournment until 12 beautiful rivers, the Connecticut meanders o'clock noon tomorrow. 400 miles from the Canadian border to Long A message from the House of Repre Island Sound through the mountains and The motion was agreed to; and
EXTE.NSIONS OF REMARKS POLICE WIVES UNITED EXPRESS trict of Columbia Police Departments under We met with the problem of lack of cooper SUPPORT OF H.R. 14430 this Commissioner. ation by the news media to publicize the lo cations where the petitions were available Mr. Speaker, I am proud to have the for signature. In many instances we were told HON. JOEL T. BROYHILL support of these many fine citizens, and that "the issue was too controversial for welcome this opportunity to call their public service announcements, but lt could OF vmGINL\ support for my legislation to the atten be handled as a news item." After releasing IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion of my colleagues. the information as a news item we found, as Tuesday, September 17, 1968 I insert the text of the letter in full, usual, that the item wasn't "newsworthy" as it describes the dimculties this group enough. Mr. BROYHILL of Virginia. Mr. is having in making its campaign know1 Also, understandably, many men were re Speaker, I recently received a letter from luctant to let their wives collect petition an organization known as Police Wives and may encourage others who have not signatures ln the Washington, D.C., area for United, expressing solid support for my had an opportunity to sign their petition fear of their safety. We feel it is essential to bill H.R. 14430, to establish a commis to make their support for this· measure inform you that the response from the peo sioner of police for the District of Colum known. ple contacted netted almost a one-hundred bia and consolidate the five separate po The letter reads as follows: percent response. Many of these people came lice departments now operating in the LANHAM, MD., forth with their own story of having lived August 1, 1968. in the District of Columbia and of having to District under a single commissioner. Representative JOEL T. BROYHILL, move because of their own personal fear for Attached to the letter were petitions House of Representatives, life and property. signed by 360 persons, which read: Washington, D.a. There are still petitions due to be malled The undersigned petitioners hereby re DEAR REPRESENTATIVE BROYHILL: We en directly to your omce from various other quest the passage of H.R. 14430, a proposal close herewith the petitions in support of states. Since the Nation's Capital belongs to sponsored by Representative JoEL T. BROY H.R. 14430 in the hope that the members of all of us in the United States, we should all HILL, regarding the establishment of a Com the House District Committee can under be concerned with its· problems. Thus, we missioner of Police !or the District of Colum stand the dUHcult situations under which have mailed to friends and relatives copies of bia and the consolida tlon of all Dis- these petition signatures were gathered. this petition and have asked their support. 27526 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 18, 1968 The Nation's Capital should be a model for problem wm be, how do we get from the air still a novelty that we may see in test this each and every state. It is very important port to where we are really going? year. Is this competitive to your metroplane that the Police Departments in Washington, Do you think our new cities will grow up concept? I don't think airmen feel hostmty D.C., be maintained by a governing body that around airports? It has already happened out toward other modes. We are more interested would allow the Police Departments to func at Kennedy. Inglewood in Los Angeles, which now than ever in having high-speed trains for tion at their greatest capacity 1.n enforcing was just bean fields thirty years ago, is now the short haul to and from airports and be the law and protecting the public. We do not a major metropolitan center within Southern tween Philadelphia, New York and Kennedy feel that this can be accomplished with the California. Airport, or New Haven and the fourth jetport. "citizen control and pressured 1.nfiuence" Today, the political, financial and social All of these and others need high-speed rail. under which the departments are now being problems of building railroads, monorails or The technology of high-speed railways is operated. subways across cities are so great that the very dimcult. You have to have a precise, We sincerely urge the members of the only practical solution is to overfly the sur highly controlled roadbed. The first experi House Di.strict Committee to lend their sup face obstacles. ments ran into serious difficulties when two port to the passage of this b111. It is of ex Are we going to have skies full of heli high-speed trains passed each other. The treme importance to us and to every law copters going from airports to downtown shock waves were so great that windows blew abid1.ng citizen, not only in the District of areas? There will be a much greater use of out. In Japan, where I've ridden the Tokaido Columbia, but all over the United States. the sub-airspace, the airspace below fifteen Express between Tokyo and outlying cities, Sincerely, hundred feet over the city. Manhattan has the train has to slow down when it goes POLICE WIVES UNITED. many cubic miles of airspace not presently through a tunnel because the airfiow is so utilized. We're going to have "subways in the disturbed. sky." This will mean more advanced heli Could this be solved by having the rails copters and high-lift, fixed-wing, short, steep farther apart, pretty much the way we've done takeoff and landing aircraft. With the superhighways and automobiles? THE MUSHROOMING PROBLEMS OF There wm be an aircraft by 1980 that we That could' be a very expensive undertaking AIR TRANSPORT haven't yet commercially seen. It will take The Metropolitan Transportation Authority off and land almost vertically, yet be quiet indicates the problem is solvable with the enough to be acceptable. Contrary to popular use of a sealed-window design. HON. NORRIS COTTON belief, propeller-driven STOL [short takeoff What about the next five years? The two OF NEW HAMPSHmE and landing plane, with fixed wing) aircraft important developments will be an improved of increased size can be, have been, built that conventional helicopter and a STOL plane IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES w111 be quieter than today's relatively quiet that will carry sixty to eighty passengers over Wednesday, September 18, 1968 Twin otter. very short routes. This will be an evolution What can alleviate the noise problem? Let's of today's STOL plane. For example, the Twin Mr. COTTON. Mr. President, nothing call it the anxiety factor rather than just the Otter with eighteen passengers can land or worries the congressional committees noise problem. Noise generated by aircraft is takeoff in less than a thousand feet and is and Government agencies concerned associated. with fear of fa111ng objects. The now serving many cities. with transportation more than the prob good record of helicopter operations over the Do you see any air-pollution problems? lems which are just beginning to mush last thirty years tends to allay some of the Present jets supposedly affect weather in room in the field of air transport. fear that the thing making the noise wm fall certain conditions. I would guess that, to on you. 1975, an of the commercially operated metro Members of the Senate Commerce Manhattan, for example, is endowed with politan air vehicles would pollute the air Committee and our colleagues on the heliport and STOLport sites. Besides the STOL about as much as five percent of the surface House side are seriously concerned with runway at LaGuardia Airport, we've identi vehicles do. If you could just get five percent the air traffic delays being expe fied at least ten places where you wm be able of the surface vehicles off the streets, or get rienced at every major airport in this to land or take off without creating prob their mumers and engines fixed, it would country. They are only the beginning of lems. more than counteract the effect of air ve our troubles unless we undertake a tre wm helicopters or short takeoff and land hicles. ing airplanes reduce automobile tramc? I How w111 this increased air tramc affect mendous amount of direct action in not don't think that the helicopter wm ever re small aircraft? It wm deter them from com only clearing up the present problems place the automobile. There are ninety-seven ing into the sub-airspace over major cities. but in anticipating the ones to come. million automobiles in the United States They'd have to have special equipment and Mr. President, the current edition of now. By the year 2000, we may have three special qualifications to navigate through Look magazine contains a most illumin times as many. The number of automobiles the subways in the sky. Most of them would ating interview between Najeeb E. wm probably increase because of apparent simply land at peripheral airports and take Halaby, president of Pan Amerfoan convenience, regardless of what kind of air the metroplane in. vehicles are built. Will all this new airborne tramc increase World Airways, and Mr. Ben Kocivar, wm copters from airports to downtown the number of small STOL airplanes? Look senior editor. fac111ties operate along fixed routes? Yes, Definitely. There will be STOL taxis, or Mr. Halaby, as most of us will remem along multiple tracks. metrocabs, as well as STOL buses. The ber, served with tremendous distinction How close to each other wm they fly? principal deterrent to the manufac·turer of during the Kennedy administration as The new navigating systems wm permit sep STOL planes now is the lack of STOLports; Federal Aviation Administrator. Just 3 aration at speeds of a hundred and fifty miles second disincentive is the lack of the FAA an hour to be reduced to as little as one thou approved STOL-ways, or sub-airways; and, years ago this week, Mr. Halaby became sand feet. finally, there are no FAA-approved standards a senior vice president of Pan Am and How about snowstorms, hailstorms or and air-traftlc procedures for STOL aircraft last May was elected to the presidency heavy rainfall? There may be certain special and STOL fac111ties. of that pioneer international air carrier. circuitous routes for very bad weather; how Are the slower flying STOL airplanes safer Mr. President, I have read with great ever, we expect technological advance in than other small planes? The main thing is avidity the interview in Look between navigation and control means to minimize their ab111ty to land. at a slow speed in a few Mr. Halaby and Mr. Kocivar and I urge this. hundred feet. The DeHavilland Twin Otter Metropolises now go far beyond city bound with eighteen people on board can be landed all my colleagues fascinated with the fu aries. Will adding the helicopter and high at a speed of about sixty miles an hour. The ture of air transportation to read it and speed airplane enlarge communities even Helio Courier, a smaller machine, could to take encouragment in that aviation more and thereby alleviate the crowding probably touch down at twenty-five miles an executives like Mr. Halaby are doing problem? The Regional Plan Association for hour. That slow landing speed is a distinct some long-range thinking with solutions several decades has been working on a region safety factor. to our transportation problems in mind. of about fifty miles radius from Times Square As we have increased our mobility, our rather than city limits as a proper area for crlm.e rate at almost all levels seems to have I ask unanimous c-011sent that an arti planning. They are emphasizing that the increased. Murderers and smugglers now cle entitled "Subways in the Sky" be concentration of talent and opportunity in move by jet, and this has brought a whole printed in the RECORD. . the center of the big cities can enhance the new problem for law enforcement. Is there There being no objection, the article quality of life tremendously if we plan our going to be more crlm.e? I think that's coin was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, building, our transportation and our com cidental. I don't believe that mobllity breeds as follows: munications. Referring to the access tree, the crime. I would a~so suggest that most of the NEXT: SUBWAYS IN T;HE SKY roots would be the transportation, the increase in crime is occurring within city branches would be the working area. If you llm.its rather than between cities. Characters (By Ben Kocivar) cluster these sub-cities Within the whole like James Bond have made intercontinental What's coming up in air transportation? metropolitan region in a sensible way, we can crime fascinating, and airplanes have been By 1980, we will have an eight-hour world. have a high-quality life grow in the city: used as part of crime. As . example is sky We will be able to go from any major point For years, the Japanese, the French and jacking. on the earth's surface to any other major city the Germans have run trains that do a hun Don't you think James Bond has only in less than eight hours' flying time. The dred miles an hour. Yet, in our country, it's been a mirror to our civilization? I don't September 18, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27527 know. Some of the stories themselves have RURAL-URBAN BALANCE Second. If the city is under 100,000, a incited crime. Certainly, the skyjacking, 2-percent credit is given. where a criminal takes over an airplane Third. If the city is under 50,000 PoPU by holding a pilot or stewardess hostage, has HON. JOHN V. TUNNEY increased. This, however, has been almost lation, a 3-percent credit is given. entirely related to the Cuban situation. The OF CALIFORNIA Fourth. If the area bidding is one most popular place to skyjack a plane to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES where unemployment and underemploy is Havana. But mob1lity has also helped Wednesday, September 18, 1968 ment exceeds the national average or crime prevention. The helicopter is being where serious emigration problems exist, used throughout the nation for traffic and Mr. TUNNEY. Mr. Speaker, when our a 2-percent credit would be given. even in the apprehension of criminals. country was born, 90 percent of the peo The Secretary of Labor would deter Technology is changing more rapidly than ple lived in rural areas. Today 70 per mine at least quarterly those areas of our sociology and as a result, we are, I think, cent of all Americans live on less than going to have to reshape some of our political serious emigration. boundaries, particularly in fire, police, and 2 percent of the land. Over 600,000 peo The second bill provides incentives for ambulance work. ple a year are leaving rural areas for the establishment of new or expanded I've heard criticism that airlines like to overcrowded urban metropolitan areas. job-producing industrial and commer hold on to the profit-making segments of air Most of the rural exodus is generated cial establishments in rural areas. The transportation and turn over profitless by the deterioration of opportunities in Secretary of Agrieulture will designate segments to public tax authorities. Is there rural America-and the resulting hope economically deficient rural areas. Busi any pattem to this? No. I think that's ma.inly for better opportunities in the cities. talk by those who wring their hands because ness desiring to locate in these areas will they have to serve the short, less profit However, hopes and dreams are being be able to receive increased tax credit able routes while others garner profits on the submerged beneath a concrete morass. for plant investment, accelerated depre longer ranges. I think it's really more Instead of a better life what is encoun ciation schedules and additional wage irritation than policy formulation. The Civil tered is a different type of poverty in deductions for low-income workers and Aeronautics Board tries its best to maintain overcrowded depersonalized cities with training assistance for new employees. a balance. substandard housing, polluted air, un To qualify the firm must show that it Don't you think something drastic is go controlled crime, congestion, rundown will create new jobs and be able to em ing to be required to fill those new airbus seats and keep those planes going? Some form schools, with resulting discontent and ploy low-income labor from the area. of public subsidy on air travel? No, this is frustration. People arriving in urban If a firm meets these criteria it will re not desirable or, I trust, necessary. With areas searching for a better life usually ceive the following tax incentives: public subsidy comes further bureaucratic find their hopes shattered, their frustra A 14-percent investment credit on ma control, and there is enough regulation now. tions and discontent heightened. We chinery instead of the regular 7-percent Possibly in the period '69 to '71 there may be have seen the fruits of this discontent credit. excess capacity, where demand and supply this year and last. A 7-percent investment credit on the a.re out of balance. If so, we'll just have to work through that as we have past prob The answer commonly given is to im cost of the building. An accelerated lems. prove our urban areas. There is no doubt depreciation of two-thirds for the nor Will a great increase in air freight be more that they must be renovated. However, mal life of the machinery, equipment, important than fiying passengers? I don't it is time for us to question whether and building. think that in the near future the return from urban areas can ever catch up when A 125-percent reduction for wages air cargo will exceed that from passenger thousands of people every year are ar paid to low-income employees for a 3- service. Over the last third of this century, riving, adding to already critical prob year period. when we have larger aircraft of a million to These bills would discourage further two m1111on pounds in weight, perhaps nu lems. In view of this, plus the increasing clear-powered, the cargo volume may ap birth rate in the cities, it appears un concentration of population in large proach or surpass the passenger volume. likely that public and private efforts can crowded metropolitan areas and the What is the present status of the American ever be suffi.cient to adequately deal with intensification of presently existing ur ssT? Should the whole thing be dropped? urban problems. ban problems. The politics surrounding the U.S. SST has What is needed is a reversal of this I feel that the passage of these bills been confused by a. failure to understand population trend. Rural America offers a would help to encourage a national policy that this is a temporary investment by the viable alternative to fu.r:ther urban of urban-rural balance. Government in a project that, if successful commercially, will pay for itself. The main crowding. We must begin to establish a Rural emigration to urban areas has attack has been by those who feel that our rural-urban balance. It is time to literally created a crisis for each. The only per first urgency for Federal investment is in give our urban areas breathlng room. In manent solution lies in a reversal of our education, housing, renewal of our cities. order to accomplish this, there must be emigration trend-a trend that is illogi People attack the war in Vietnam for the a conce.r:ted effort to develop our rural cal and dangerous under present condi same reason, as a diversion of resources. But communities-in our rural areas. Rural tions. I hope that the Congress will act in the case of the supersonic transport, America must no longer be a forgotten to encourage rural residence, and strike Uncle Sam, like many wise investors, is put at the heart of the emigration prob ting in venture capital to get a project land-a land to be from; a land of de started that may produce a big return. In clining economies, a low level of limited lem-the lack of opportunity for employ compressing the globe from a twenty-four job opportunities and dwindling local tax ment in nonfarm production and serv hour world to an eight-hour-world, we are bases. Instead it must become a land of ices. I feel that the incentives proposed making more people mobile, and therefore new oppartunities and progress. in these bills are in the best interest of widely productive, providing greate.r under First, we must improve agricultural our rural community, our urban areas, standing between people. Finally, in this and nonagricultural job opportunities. and of the Nation as a whole and its one project, there is the potential to earn future. more foreign exchange than from any other There must be increased public and pri project in the history of the United States. vate investment. People must be given Is the supersonic-transport program an encouragement and incentive to remain answer to our slum and ghetto problem by in rural areas. Industry must be encour DISCOMFORTING REVIEW OF U.S. offering employment opportunities in manu aged to locate in rural areas. FOREIGN POLICY facture, support, maintenance and service? I am cosponsoring two bills designed I'm afraid I couldn't make that vast a claim. to develop business and employment op I can say that the manufacturers, who are HON. MARK 0. HATFIELD spread over forty-eight of the fifty states, portwiities in rural areas, smaller cities, OF OREGON and the operators, who are all the major air and areas of wiemployment and under IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES lines of the world, are pressing technology development. The first provides certain forward, and there will be considerable fall preferences for prospective Government Wednesday, September 18, 1968 out for the general public. contractors in such cities and areas-. Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, this The same companies that are currently, This legislation proposes that in the month's issue of Harper's magazine con or in the future will be, involved in devel awarding of a Government contract, tains an article written by the respected oping and producing the SST are now making credit be given for the size of the city as economist and foreign affairs analyst, many more jobs available to the hard-core well as the degree of emigration. unemployed. v /STOL and SST aircraft repre Robert L. Heilbroner. Professor Heil sent technological progress. The subway in First. If the bid received is fro:µi a city broner presents an incisive-and not par the sky and the ssT are interrelated, neces of 250,000 or less, a 1-percent credit is ticularly comforting-review of U.S. for sary steps into the future. given. eign policy and outlines a realistic inter- 2752,S EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 18, 1968 national approach for cur Government areas where revolution impends rather than foremost a matter of changing an entire to follow in a revolutionary world. I be the individual countries. I would think that society in ways that must go to the roots of by the year 2000 and possibly much sooner, its ordinary life and that are bound to shake lieve the author has presented his views we would find revolutionary governments in or topple its basic structure of power and very convincingly; and whether or not stalled, or formidable revolutionary armies prestige. Senators agree with his conclusions, I fighting, in most of Asia, in at least a half Actually, we have had a glimpse of the think they will find Professor Heilbron dozen Latin-American countries, and prob difficulties and dangers in trying to initiate er's ideas and forecasts provocative. ably in a fair number of nations in West and "economic development" in the problems we It is imperative that we prepare our Central Africa, and the Near East. have encountered at home in Harlem or selves for several decades of international The prospect, in other words, is one o:t Watts. We have learned, for example, that worldwide upheaval in which, retrospectively, an enormous gulf must be bridged between turmoil and Political upheaval which we the Vietnam war wm have been only the first the people who have to "develop" and those can neither prevent, suppress, nor con successful campaign. If this prospect comes to whom the guidance of development ls trol. And we must learn to live with the a.bout, it will present the United States with entrusted. The business and government unhappy fact that these revolutions will the gravest challenge of its national exist leaders of Caracas or Rio or Calcutta have not always result in the establishment of ence. It would entail nothing less than the little or no contact with the dirty, ignorant, democratic governments. risk of becoming embroiled in Vietnam-like primitive people of the urban and rural slums I recommend "Making a Rational For situations in many countries at once. If it of their countries--ln which live, however, eign Policy Now" to anyone who feels hes proved almost unbearably costly to wage not 10 or 20 per cent, but 70 or 80 per cent war against revolutionary nationalism in a of the population. In turn, the inhabitants that the present U.S. foreign policy is in nation of fifteen m1llion, what will it be like of the v1llages and urban slums regard the adequate and who is concerned with de trying to quell the forces of revolution that upper classes as representatives of a class veloping more realistic guidelines to can call on the human resources of three whose only relation with themselves has been our relationship with, and reactions to, continents? arrogant, exploitative, patronizlng, or in other nations and their policies. There is no more pressing requirement for di1ferent. I ask unanimous consent that Mr. the American people than to consider what Second, both the slum and the underdevel Heilbroner's article be printed in the policies their nation can pursue to pass safely oped areas smart under the constraints of through this unprecedentedly dangerous era. absentee domination. We know of the resent RECORD. But it is little use seeking to articulate ment of the "radical" Negro against white There being no objection, the article policies until we have a clear idea of what it owned stores. Far greater ls the resentment was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, is that we are up against. And here there ls of the radical Asian, African, or Latin Amer as follows: a fundamental lesson that has yet to be ican agains,t the foreign ownership of the ma.in instruments of production in his coun MAKING A RATIONAL FOREIGN POLICY Now learned about the origins of the revolution that threatens us. try-the ut111ties, the manUfacturlng plants, (By Robert L. Heilbroner) We have been taught that the ultimate railroads, plantations, or oil fields. To be sure, (NoTE.-Robert L. Heilbroner has written a cause of the worldwide threat of revolution one can answer that the supply of native number of infiuential books, including "The ls the subversive and conspiratorial activities entrepreneurship is small and that these for Worldly Philosophers," "The Future As His of communism. Now, although these activi eign companies introduce capital and ex tory," and "The Limits of American Capi ties have often been grossly exaggerated, they pertise that would otherwise be lacking. But talism." He is professor of economics at the certainly exist, and there is no doubt that they introduce as well a st.eady drain of Graduate Faculty of the New School. In communist maneuvering can be discovered earnings out of the country, and a basic World War II, Mr. Heilbroner, a Harvard near the center of nearly every revolutionary orientation of business interest that is graduate, served as an Army Intell1gence situation. Yet to blame the danger of these geared at least as much to the needs of the officer in the Ph1lippines, New Guinea, and explo:;ive situations themselves on the pres corporate home office as to the requirements Japan.) ence of communists is like blaming the in of its host nation. The great lesson of the Vietnam war is now herent danger in a huge mass of exposed Last, we find another similarity between clear. It ls that the mightiest nation in the combustible materials on the possible pres ghetto and backward land that may help us world has not been able to defeat the forces ence of arsonists. The revolutions we must visualize the problems of economic develop of revolutionary nationalism in one cf the come to terms with would break out even if ment. This is the population problem that smallest nations in the world. We may even communism as an idea and as a political force cuts away at both mmeux. At home the rolls yet work out the kind of settlement that disappeared from the face of the world to of relief mount steadily as the city poor wm enable us to proclaim at least some kind morrow. For the harsh facts we have yet to produce more children than can be easily of victory in the struggle against "aggres acknowledge are these: (1) in many coun absorbed into society. Abroad, this dispro sion," but it is quite plain that the Unifad tries o! the underdeveloped world only revo portion between the rate of production of States ha.s lost the war. For the ultimate lutionary activity will rescue the populace impoverished human beings and their social purpose of our intervention in Vietnam was from its unending misery, and (2) the United absorption takes on nightmarish dimensions. not to beat a national enemy-no one evel' States has consistently opposed the kinds of Each year we have watched Asia, the Near accused North Vietnam of threatening our revolutionary action that might begin such East, much of Africa and Latin America in territorial integrity. It was to beat a revolu a rescue operation. Thus the real tragedy of a race between survival and starvation-a tionary force, to demonstrate beyond a doubt the coming decades is not that revolutionary race that has already produced a devastating that "wars of national liberation" would action will be necessary, but that it is likely famine in India two years ago. By the year end in disaster for the revolutionaries. to have a bitter anti-American flavor because 2000 we shall have to run this race With Now, by a supreme irony, we have shown of our unw1llingness to allow the forces of twice as many human beings, and even with just the opposite. For what the Vietnam war economic development to take their essential the brightest hopes for agricultural improve has revealed above all else is the extreme diffi course. ment, no one can face that prospect with culty of defeating a determined national This is an assertion that seems to fly in out filnching. President Ayub of Pakistan has revolutionary group. Inevitably this must the face of the facts. No government among put the threat succinctly: "In ten years' both encourage the rise of such groups else time, human beings will eat human beings in wealthy nations has tried harder to promote Pakistan." where and discourage our own future will economic development than the United ingness to meet their force with counter States. Our foreign-aid program may not be TEN THOUSAND A DAY force. Thus 1f the Ph1lippines explodes in an very large in relation to our capabiUties, but These are some of the obstacles to eco outraged revolt, as seems very probable in a it towers over the efforts of other Western nomic development--obstacles that are ob nation where half the customs receipts dis nations, not to mention those of Russia. scured behind the bright slogan of "the revo appear between the dock and the Treasury; Moreover the struggle for economic develop lution of rising expectations." They make or 1f guerrma warfare on a large scale breaks ment has captured the natural sympathies of it clear that much more ls needed to bring out again in Guatemala, as seems likely in the vast majority of Americans; indeed, the improvement to the backward areas than view of the increased revolutionary activity very slogan that we ourselves have coined for money, just as much more is needed in our there; or if India dissolves into linguistic development--"the revolution of rising ex slums. At home, moreover, we are dealing parts and these parts are taken over by pectations"-conveys in itself our goodwill with a minority that is in some kind of touch revolutionary parties, as would certainly be for the peoples struggling to escape from with a preva111ng culture into which most of the case in some areas; or if the muted civil poverty. its members would, if they could, gladly en war in Venezuela or Colombia or Bolivia or All this is true. But the problem is that ter. Abroad we are dealing with an ingrown, Northeast Brazil again assumes major pro few Americans understand what the process suspicious peasantry that has little or noun portions, it wm not be so easy for the United of "economic development" entails, or what derstanding or acceptance of the modern States to intervene on the side of the exist the "revolution of rising expectations" really ways that produce "loose" women and "dis ing governments. For this first rule of Amer means. To most of us, development ls merely respectful" children and a snubbing disre ican politics In the next years will be: No a matter of money with which we assume gard of the wisdom Of the village elders. So, more Vietnams I economic advancement is bought. Unfor too, at home we have an upper class that, But will revolutionary activity break out in tunately, money is the last, 1f not the least, however insulated from the slums, does not these nations? For reasons that I shall spell step in the development sequence. For the find its social position fundamentally in out In thls article, I think it extremely likely, long climb out of backwardness is not merely compatible with slum clearance. Abroad the although it ls easier to indicate the broad a matter of getting "richer." It ls first and clearance of the vast rural slums requires September 18, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27'529 that its beneficiaries-the landed ruling total of all these changes has not been ernment, or an inability to distribute food class-give up their power and position to enough to accelerate the rate of economic supplies in bad times so as to provide a another ruling group, And finally, whereas growth. In Latin America as a whole, gross fair ration for all. More significant, we see the population problem at home exacerbates national product has grown by a smaller per an all-important redirection of Chinese life the problem of bringing economic improve centage in each successive five-year period away from the endlessly static past to a new ment to the slum, abroad it renders this between 1950 and 1965. Virtually nowhere in future--a redirection nowhere more dra problem unmanageable. Asia or the Near East or Africa does output matically expressed than in the spectacle of Thus although Harlem and Watts give us per capita show a strong steady upward the youthful Red Guards indulging in the some insights into India and Brazil, the trend.* And last and most important of all, heretofore unthinkable action of defying problems of the latter are a thousandfold there is no evidence that the people them their elders. To be sure, as the Red Guard lavger and more intractable than those at selves have been roused from their torpor, no also symbolizes, China is a nation in a home. That is why the changes needed to release of energies from the great stagnant paroxysm of change that has brought much bring development to the backward areas reservoir of humanity that is the basic re that is ugly, cruel, and mean. And yet, before are so far-reaching that they are hard to pository of backwardness itself. we condemn it for its very obvious evils, let describe as "reforms." Take, for example, Instead what we see in virtually every cor every reader ask himself into which society the question of land reform-the breakup of ner of the underdeveloped world is a terrible he would take his chances as an anonymous the vast semi-feudal land holdings that changelessness that it seems impossible to human being today-India or China? everyone, including our government, recog affect. What we call "economic development" Last, there ls the case of Cuba, never so nizes as incompatible with development. In ls in truth little more that a holding action impoverished as the other two, but also La tin America, according to Oscar Delgado, that has succeeded only in building up the afliicted with the curses of underdevelop an official in the Inter-American Committee dikes just enough to keep the mounting pop ment. in an uneducated rural proletariat and on Agricultural Development in Washington, ulation from washing away everything, not a a corrupt city once. Every report from Cuba "There are families who own more land than movement that has invested life with a new emphasizes that a tremendous effort is being is occupied by a number of sovereign states. quality. Change, insofar as it is being intro made to eradicate these ills. Gambling and . . . Statistically speaking, Latin America has duced, comes at a pace that is discouraging prostitution have disappeared in Havana . the highest index of concentrated rural prop even to the most dedicated enthusiast. Thus A great effort is being made in the country erty in the world." we no longer hear the trumpets sound for side to bring education and agricultural re To urge land "reform" on such a society is the Alliance for Progress or the U.N. Devel form. And if we may believe the testimony tantamount to a visitor from Mars urging opment Decade. The outlook is for a con of articles both in Look Magazine and in stock "reform" on us--telling us that great tinuation, no doubt with some small im the New York Times, a new and genuine social benefits would accrue from breaking provements, of the prevailing misery, filth, spirit of idealism and endeavor is to be up the concentration of two-thirds to three ill-health, and hunger for as long ahead as found among the young. fourths of all privately owned corporaite we can see. I do not wish to rhapsodize over these stock that lies in the hands of the top 2 per This is not a "pessimistic" estimate. To be countries in which life is still hard and cent of American fam111es. With how much pessimistic would be to suggest a worsening harsh, and if one is an intellectual, often enthusiasm would such a proposal be re of current tren~a cut in foreign aid, a impossibly demeaning. Nor should one slight ceived in the U.S. and with how much car petering out of the few birth-control pro the important fact that China has not ried out? Precisely the same response has grams that have begun, a collapse of foreign tackled its population problem and that greeted other proposals for land reform in or domestic investment in the und&de Cuba has not yet built a well-functioning Latin America. veloped world because of growing unrest economy. Both nations may fail to bring But the trouble is not wholly that of upper there, a deterioration rather than an im about economic growth. Yet I would insist classes who are unwilling to change the so provement in the caliber of governments. on one central achievement whose impor cial system on which their power and pres An optimistc appraisal would assume the tance it is impOf.\Sible to overstate. It is that tige are based. There are other nations in the contrary of these things. A realistic appraisal, these nations have succeeded in touching and bringing to life the deadened humanity world~India is of course the prime ex I think, assumes that matters will go on ample--where the terrible and persisting ab much as they have gone on-a forecast that that is the despair of the underdeveloped sence of necessary social change comes from offers little room for rising expectations on world. Even if they fail now, they have the inab111ty of mild men of goodwill to our part. opened the way for a future assault that translate good intentions into effective deeds. To this general outlook for a continuation can succeed. One may fault the communist Somehow a squabbling Congress, a nepo of the preva111ng hopelessness of the back nations on many grounds, not least that of tistic bureaucracy, and an overpowering at ward world we must now add one final, all morality-and on that score I will have more mosphere of fut111ty have smothered every important exception. It is that the sapping to say later-but one must also admit that impetus to change, so that despite the in inertia of the underlying populace has been they have brought hope, enthusiasm, and telligence and humane aspirations of the na overcome within the last half-century in a effort to the common people of their lands. tional leadership, we look with horror at the very few nations. Of how many other backward nations can spectacle of the rotting poor who somehow One of these is of course Russia, whose this be said? cannot be housed or fed or put to work; at leap into modernity has been the most IS COMMUNISM THE ANSWER? the world's largest collection of cattle, roam extraordinarily rapid social transformation Does this imply that only a communist ing through the country as an untouchable in history. Another, stlll more striking, is government can bring about the revolution symbol of holiness and active agent of fam China. Even more hopeless, corrupt, and of rising expectations that ls indeed the ine; at tens of thousands of still isolated miserable than Russia, China was the source foundation on which development must villages where tens of millions of women of endless horror stories of peasants eating rest? remain in ignorance or fear of birth control. mud when the crops failed, of the sale of This is not the conclusion I wish to urge. It would be cruelly wrong to suggest that daughters into prostitution to ward off There are also a few noncommunlst--al no progress has been made in the underde starvation, of the subhuman degradation though, please note, revolution-based veloped world. Compared with the past, giant of the "coolie," the ricksha boy, the city countries, Turkey and Mexico in particular, strides have been taken. In Asia and Africa, homeless China, in a word, was like India. where at least the beginnings of a mass millions of persons who, had you asked them But that too has changed. In 'China, we no awakening have been carried out. Thus it to identify themselves a generation ago longer find the homeless on the street, or is not communism, either as a system of would have answered that they were so and forced prostitution, or children deliberately philosophy or as a particular party, that so of such and such village, now answer that mutilated to become appealing beggars, al makes the crucial difference, but a political they are Pakistani, or Algerian, or whatever: though we still find all of these things in movement that has the courage, conviction, the dangerous but necessary infection of India. Nor do we find corruption in gov- and ruthless energy to carry through a pro self-conscious nationalism has become vir gram of modernization from top to bottom. tually pandemic. So, too, stirrings of modern •But what about the fabulous new agri What ls the galvanic force of such a move ization have made their way into the remote cultural techniques, such as the new seeds ment? It lies first in the overthrow of an hamlets of Asia and Latin America alike: ra that yield up to twice the weight of output existing regime that is unable or unwilling dios bring news of events in the capital city of present varieties? Our eager endorsement to change the social order on which it rests. and the outer world; the cinema stirs imagi of technology as the cure for underdevelop But that is only the initial stage in a devel nations; visitors from the cities bring new ment reveals all too clearly our failure to un opmental revolution, as contrasted with a seeds which, cautiously tried, often bring derstand the social environment in which the purely political one. Next, such a movement better crops; there is talk of a school; a process of change takes place. For the new must move with the full power of an au road ls improved; an irrigation dam is buil't. seeds (in India and South America) are first thoritarian will to impose a program of These changes are important and cumula used by the richer peasants. The poorer ones change--often unwanted change--upon the tive, but they must not be magnified out of cannot afford to experiment for fear of very people in whose name the revolution proportion. First, were there no such starvation if the seed falls, or simply because, has been waged-the underlying peasantry. changes, the Malthusian dilemma would by being poor, they are least "ready" for change. Finally, it must bring to bear whatever eco now have pushed even more millions below As a result the disparity in income between nomic compulsion ls needed to mount the the starvation line (as it is, an estimated the upper stratum of peasants and the lowest massive redeployments and concentrations 10,000 people a day die of malnutrition in widens. There is more food-but there is also of labor that will be needed to move the the underdeveloped areas). Second, the sum more social misery. economy off dead center. 27'530 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 18, 1968 In this painful process, the spread and processes of change to work their way. Yet cult to practice. As the pressures of revolu degree of development that can be accom realism tells us that such a program wm tionary change build up, partly as a result plished depend very largely on the willing take decades to carry out; 97 per cent of the of the bankruptcy of American policy in Viet ness and a.b111ty of the revolutionary group to world's women do not use the pill or the nam, we shall have to face more squarely press relentlessly for change. It is for this plastic insert. the harsh calculus of the developmental reason that democracy and capitalism are Last, when revolution comes, the leader process. Indeed, the rise of the development not instruments of the revolutionary im ship may spring from many sources other revolution will force us to choose among one pulse, for there are certain changes that than Communist party membership. Angry of three policies for the future. neither one permits even when they are es and disillusioned army oftlcers, idealistic The first of these is a continuation of our sential for modernization. For instance, our middle-class intellectuals, even peasant guer · present policy. This will commit us to deter own national goal of racial equality rilla leaders may provide the nuclei that seed mined antlrevolutlonary activity, both polit a change that might be regarded as part of the clouds of potential disaffection. A move ical and military, wherever radical elements our own modernization-has been seriously ment that begins as a mere palac,e coup may threaten to overthrow existing governments, impeded by the democratic process of con find itself carried on its own momentum I will not argue the consequences of this sulting the will of the majority. How fast into a revolutionary trajectory. Thus revolu policy except to point out again that it rep can one bring equality when large numbers tion and communism are by no means syn resents the likelihood of a succession of Viet perhaps even majorities-do not wish to have onymous although it is undeniably true that nam wars for the indefinite future. it brought? So, too, our ability to raze and communists are working for and eager to An imaginable alternative is a volte-face in rebuild the slums ls crippled by our in lead a revolutionary thrust. policy that would tum us away from all con sistence on relying on a market mechanism Whatever the leadership, however, it is tact with the underdeveloped world. This and on deferring to prerogatives of private clear that some sort of authoritarian nation would entail the creation of a fortress Amer property, with the result th:a.t urban re alist socialism Will be the vehicle of change. ica., without diplomatic or economic--or di newal has come to a virtual halt. It is not Whether or not this socialism will become rect m111tary--contact with any revolution surprising, then, that revolutionary parties, communist-that is, whether it will accept ary nations, defensively turned away from facing emergencies of far greater seriousness the dogmas and doctrines of Marxism and the inimical changes taking place in the than anything we must deal with at home, Maoism or seek active alllance with Russia underdeveloped continents. In the end this utmze authority and command, and do not and China-depends on many events internal may be a policy to which we are forced to brook democratic dissent or rely on market and external to the nation in question (in retreat, but it presents obvious dangers to incentives. cluding our own actions) . The nationalism the United States. An isolationist America, that is so powerful a motive force in revo at bay in a revolutionary world, would bring CHANCES FOR SLOWING DOWN lutions tends to drive the leadership away forth the worst tendencies in this country, Thus revolution, authoritarianism, and from communism because of its danger of encouraging every superpatriot, fanning the collectivism are often the only instruments vassalage to a great state; the need for moral fires of suspicion and fancied subversion, and by which essential social changes can be support and technical advice may drive it submerging the humanitarian impulses that made. But having stated this as a generaliza toward accepting or concocting some version are the best side of the American national tion, let us now modify and soften the case of the communist catechism. character. as it applies to many individual nations. One But it is important to realize that we The third policy is by far the most diftl need hardly say, for instance, that the prog should not expect the attitude of a non cult to pursue, but is ultimately the only nosis for revolutionary change does not apply communist revolutionary regime toward the constructive course to follow. It ls a pollcy to Europe, where communism is an agent not United States to be very different from that of neutrality toward the revolutionary move at all for modernization but rather for po of a communist one. For it is the unhappy ment-a neutrality that ceases to oppose all litical retrogression. But even in the back fact that the United States in recent years revolutions as such, although not ceasing ward world it would be wrong to deny the has thrown its support against all revolu to differentiate between revolutionary re possib1Uty of a more gradual and less trau tions and provided its backing for all groups gimes that we can actively support and those matic evolution in some instances. In Africa, that have opposed revolutions, regardless of that we cannot. Such a policy does not ask for example, many new nations are now un the merits of the one or the demerits of the us to endorse regimes that are bitterly ant1- dergoing the first trials of nationhood, in other-the scandal of our Dominican inva American in utterance or intolerable in be cluding above all that of creating national sion, our Guatemalan "success," and our havior, nor does it prevent the political and consciousness and loyalties where only tribal Cuban "failure," our backing of the militar military support of conservative government aftlliations existed before. These countries ist Branco in Brazil, and now our interven regimes threatened by subversion or submer may experience their share of coups and tur tion in Vietnam all being instances in point. sion from neighboring states, provided that moil, but it is unlikely that they will con In the essential process of social surgery that these governments have the support of their stitute fertile ground for mass revolutionary must be performed if many backward na people as a whole. activity until a genuine national community tions are to be brought to life, it is the But it would force us to change our present has been forged. And perhaps by that time United States-for good reasons or bad-that attitudes and actions in several regards. First a workable "African socialism" will permit delays the necessary stroke of the blade. it would call for an immediate halt to mili the rigors of a revolutionary movement to That is why the revolution of economic de tary aid to reactionary regimes and for a ces be by-passed. velopment must become an anti-American sation of clandestine activity against revo In Latin America the situation ls much revolution unless the United States changes lutionary movements. Second, it would re more revolution-prone, but even here some its ways. quire an acceptance of some form of revolu important nations may carry out their in tionary nationalist socialism as the political ternal transformations without wholesale IN PLACE OF FORTRESS AMERICA and economic order most suited to guide revolution. Argentina, with its relatively high But how to change our ways? How to cope many developing nations in their desper standard of living and its low rate of popu with the forces of economic development? ately hard initial stages of change. Third, it lation growth may be one such; Chile- To date we have lived with it in a curiously would permit the continuation of humani provided that the reforms of President Frei schizophrenic way. On the one hand we have tarian programs of food and medical aid, as are not blocked by the landholding and for been the leading agent of international as well a.s technical assistance of a nonmilitary eign interests-is another. As we have already sistance through AID, the Peace Corps, Food kind, for all governments, revolutionary or said, Mexico, with a bloody revolution of for Peace, etc. On the other hand we have not, provided that reasonable standards of national identity and foreign expropriation been the leader of the antirevolutionary international behavior were met. behind it, should be a third. In Asia, the forces of the world. I need not point out the problems of steer long-run outlook is, perhaps least propitious We have not, of course, meant to be schizo ing such a course-of determining which of all, and yet even here a few nations may phrenic. The possible connection between revolutionary governments were acceptable bring development to pass without resort to revolution and development has never been and which governments under pressure war violent upheavals. Moreover, even in these pointed out to. us, particularly since the ranted our support. But these p1roblems most labile areas, it is unlikely that revolu modernizing efforts of communism have been would certainly be less than those encoun tion impends immediately. The incumbent obscured by our steady emphasis on its re tered under a policy that recognized no revo- governments in Latin America have strong pressive elements. Nor have we meant to 1utionary governments and that supported military forces at their disposal (and are oppose development in backing rightwing or all antirevolutionary ones. Indeed, if such a using them); the peasants in Asia are as center governments of Latin America or Asia.. pr.agma.tic and noninterventionist policy yet largely unorganized. and apathetic. Hence We continue to believe that development could be pursued. in the :future, a kind of vic the outlook is not for uprisings everywhere, can take place gradually and peaceably, tory could yet be snatched from the other but for a gradually mounting pressure, a preferably with governments that "under wise pointless and hideous sacrifices of the growing 1nstab1llty, as the combination of stand" the needs of the American business Vietnam war. For then it could be said some weak and inept governments and cancerous community. Hence our schizophrenia has ul day that 1lh.ls war was for American foreign popuiation growth works its fatal results. timately been the price of self-deception of policy what the GTea.t Depression was far Finally, taking the world as a whole there unwillingness to confront the demanding domestic policy. ls always the posslblllty that a heroic effort process of development fearlessly or to However diftlcult to carry out aibroad, the to bring birth control to the masses, espe acknowledge the inadequacies of our client real diftlculties of such a policy of neutrality cially through the use of the plastic intra governments to initiate deep and rapid social a.re apt to be encountered at home. For in uterine device, might slow down the Mal change. But now, if my prognoois ls correct, changing our stance from one of belligerent thusian timetable suftlclently to allow slower this self-deception Will be increasingly diffi- opposition to one of neutrality, recognition, September 18, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27531 a.nd selective aid, we would be sure to hear ranged ourselves against nearly every move pable or unwilling to win. OUr performance two frightening accusa.tions from many ment that might have led men toward a bet in Vietnam has not been reassuring to our groups in America. ter life, on the grounds of our opposition to all1es. The first of these would be that we were communism. Now the question is whether Time and time again during my trips to aiding a.nd abetting an international aggres America wm take its ultimate stand on the Europe in the last few yea.rs I heard ob sive movement whose rise would eventually side of humanitarianism or morallsm, self servers say "Forget what other people think, engulf us. Frightening though it ls, the ac rellance or fear, open-mindedness or dogma. go ahead and win." cusation could be answered with some degree The challenge goes to the very core of this The emphasis on gun controls, civil rights of assurance. For one thing, the alternative nation-1.ts structure of power and economic and racial problems also overlooks such im milita.ry action abroad-has been revealed interest, its capacity for reasoned discus portant factors as the balance of payments by the Vietnam war to be a policy that oo-n sion, its ultimate inarticulate values. It is deficit, huge budget deficits, the gold drain bleed us white. For another, it is increasingly not alone the life and death of anonymous and dollar crisis which have shaken the evident that communism is no more of a multitudes that is weighed in the balance, faith in our economy. unifled world force than ca.pi talism ever was, but that of American conscience, as well. Europe also worries about increasing U.S. and that the rise of many intensely national isolationism, defeatism and appeasement. istic revolutionary states is much more apt Each American weakness has been effec to result in internecine w·arfare among them tively distorted by Communist propaganda selves than in military action against us. Let to make this country look like "a paper us recall the tensions between Russia and U.S. IMAGE ABROAD AT NEW LOW tiger" rather than a world power. its satemtes, between Russia and China, and If we are to find the right solutions it ls between both nations and Cuba when the important that we look at all ms, not just cry of a communist "bloc" is raised. And last, HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI the emotional ones that hold the headlines there is simply the enormous disparity in OF ILLINOIS of the moment. industrial and military strength between IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES America and Europe (and perhaps Russia on our side as well), and the populous but im Tuesday, September 17, 1968 poverished masses of the revolutionary world. A revolutionary world will assuredly be an Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, in GREETINGS ON THE JEWISH extraordinarily dangerous, thin-skinned and 1960 the question of U.S. image abroad NEW YEAR rhetoricaUy aggressive environment in which was a major topic in the presidential to make our way; but the specter of con campaign debates. Very properly the certed. military action Of its impoverished present U.S. image abroad is a subject HON. JOSEPH S. CLARK governments against the rich nations an thalt we must be concerned with during OF PENNSYLVANIA ocean's distance away ls a fantasy that the 1968 presidential campaign debates. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES should not be dim.cult to destroy. Therefore, I insert into the RECORD a very Wednesday, September 18, 1968 Not so easy to allay ls another ala.rm that thoughtful analysis of the U.S. image would accompany a policy of neutralism. It Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, a few is that in acquiescing in the rise of commu abroad carried in the Aurora, Ill., Bea nist (or even noncommunist) regimes, we con-News, August 11, by the interna days from now, on September 23, Jew were condoning evil for expediency's sake. tionally renowned columnist of the Cop ish communities around the world will This is not an accusation that can be ley Press, Dumitru Danielopol: celebrate Rosh Hashana and the ad 5729. readily countered by an appeal to reason. U.S. IMAGE ABROAD AT NEW Low vent of the year There is a strain of fundamentalism among But for Jews in many parts of the sections of the American people that regards (By Dumltru Danielopol) world, the High Holidays this year will communism as the ultimate evil with which WASHINGTON.-"The image of the United mark a time not for rejoicing but for no compromise ls imaginable and toward States abroad is now at a.n all-time low," which no attitude but fear and loathing is said Edward W. Barrett, dean of the Grad anxiety and fear. In the Soviet Union possible. uate School of Journalism, Columbia Uni and in Poland, the remnant of once It ls true enough that communism has versity. great Jewish communities live in an at been a perpetrator of evil and it ls all too He was testifying before the House Sub mosphere of official constraint where the llkely that more evil will be committed in committee on International Organizations continued practice of their religion is its name (or in whatever name ls inscribed a.nd Movements. under constant governmental attack. In on the banners the revolutionists of de Eight other witnesses agreed with him, in Czechoslovakia, there are new fears of velopment will carry). Yet if one cannot and cluding George Gallup Jr. (Gallup Poll); a resumption of the anti-Jewish purges should not seek to minimize the weight on Frank Stanton, president of the Columbia that side of the scale of human suffering, one Broadcasting System; and Leonard Marx, that so bloodied the Stalinist era in the should also have the courage to pile up what director of the U.S. Information Agency. Soviet Union. ever weights belong on the other side. The reasons for this loss of face and But nowhere in the world are Jews This ls not an operation we have carried favor, they said, was the war in Vietnam, facing a greater threat than in the free out honestly. We tend to count carefully each the civil disorders in our cities; reports of democratic nation of Israel. It is not corpse attributable to the terrorists, guer rural poverty amid plenty and the assassi necessary to quote Nasser's rantings to rillas, or avowed soldiers of revolutionary ac nations of President Kennedy, Sen. Robert know that Israel's Arabs enemies are tion, but to ignore the bodies o".' those who Kennedy a.nd the Rev. Martin Luther King perish because of the actions of our own side, Jr. preparing to strike against Israel again, m111tary or not. To Whom, for example, should The peoples of Europe, Asia, Africa, a.nd as soon as they feel that the military be charged the permanent and irreversible Latin American have lost faith in the balance has tipped in their favor. Their mental and physical stunting of Latin Amer "American dream of polltical freedom, so goal today is what it was at Israel's ica's children that follows from an lnabillty cial justice and political well-being," they birth, 20 years ago-Israel's extinction. to alter the established social order? To said. Mr. President, that must never come whom shall we debit the grisly corpses, liv Remedies suggested included a strict gun to be. We must never let the flame that ing and dead, ln the streets of Bombay? In control legislation and full scale attention what account shall we enter the hunger of to solving the civil rights and rac:ial prob is the State o.f Israel flicker out. those who live within sight of the expensive lems. Just as our country bears a special restaurants of New Delhi or Lima or Hong These measures would help "regain our place in Israel's short but glittering his Kong? international stature," they testified. tory as a modern nation, our country One does not know which way the scales "Foreign policy begins with domestic con also bears a special responsibility. It be of history would tilt if all the evils attribu duct," one witness said. hooves us to fulfill that responsibility by table to both sides were piled on their re Though each reason cited by the witnesses providing Israel with the means of pro spective balances. But there is the uncom is valid, the truth ls that American prestige fortable suspicion that ours might not neces has been on the skids long before the as viding a credible military deterrent sarily be the lighter side of the scale. What sassinations or the rioting and racial tur against her Arab neighbors. exists in most of the world beyond our bor moil. Israel has said that she needs modern ders is a condition of human indignity and It began to erode early in the Kennedy supersonic jets to keep her enemies in degradation that verges on the unspeakable. J ohnson administration when the United check. I believe we must supply them. If we are to set ourselves against a move States showed weakness and hesitation in Let me make it plain that this arms ment, however violent or cruel, that has the use of power. race is not of Israel's making or of ours. demonstrated. its ab111ty to lead such men The Berlin Wall, the Bay of Pigs, the Cu The need for these new airplanes is a out of their misery for at least the first criti ban missile crisis set the stage for what fol direct result of Russia's rash and pro cal stage of the journey, we must ait least lowed. offer something as good in its place. At this The war in Vietnam hurts our prestige, vocative acts in building up the Arab juncture it is the shameful fact that we have but not because it is generally unpopular, arsenals which were destroyed by Israel nothing as good, and worse than that, have but because the United' States s~ms inca- in the lightning war of June 1967. 27532 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 18, 1968 I have long insisted that our goal in Ironically, Freeman's book with its rec his contention that the poorer countries must the Middle East must be an enforceable ommendations on how to alleviate world develop their own resources. But these same hunger comes at a time when he ls under comments also point up how fortunate the arms control and disarmament agree criticism for not sufficiently helping the poor United States is in having a highly efficient ment, which will safeguard the national of the United States. However, such criti agricultural system. rights of an of the countries of that cism doesn't detract from the book because It is American affluence, more than that o! troubled area, and permit them to devote it ls directed at a problem in which the whole any other nation, which is sparking "a revo their total resources to economic devel world is interested. Also, at no place in the lution of rising expectations in which all peo opment. Israel has long stood ready to book does Freeman suggest that any money ples of the world seek abundance for them enter into negotiations for such a pact. or food that might be used for the poor in the selves," Freeman says. He adds: So United States be shifted to foreign coun "If anyone were to ask me what is most have we. But the Arabs still are set tries. responsible for this revolution, I would say on Israel's eradication, and Russia has Actually, his theory that the underdevel the transistor radio. Everywhere, in grass fueled their enmity and hardened their oped countries must do more to help them shacks and mud huts, people once completely intractability by providing arms and selves, aided and abetted by outside technical cut off from industrialized society can be other forms of military assistance. assistance, eventually would lead to less re found with little transistor radios, hearing So our policy must be twofold: First, liance on the United States for direct con about a great world outside, where it sounds to do what we must do to help Israel keep tributions. In theory also, however, these as if people live much better. her guard up, and second, to continue to same underdeveloped countries eventually "Naturally, these enchanted listeners, as might be better dollar customers for the pire to the life about which they are learn work for a fair peace settlement in the U.S. ing. Furthermore, they usually want it not Middle East, including an effective arms In writing his book, Freeman has drawn next year, next month, not even tomorrow, control and disarmament agreement. on a wealth of data available in the Depart but today." Here in the United States, Jews, like ment of Agriculture on food aid programs They are not going to get it today, Free all Americans, are viewing the coming over many years. He mixes history and statis man avers, but he is optimistic that a food year with a certain measure of concern. tics with his own philosophy and conclusions. crisis, which is now on the way, can be All of us pray that the new year will What he considers as a basic fact is that averted in years to come through greater bring us peace in Vietnam and peace in agriculture is the key to economic develop production and population control. It will our cities, and that we will be able to ment in any country. take both, he agrees. Putting it another way, a nation with "Men, land and knowledge can be brought summon the resources and the resolve hungry people can't make much industrial together to banish hunger and malnutrition to bring about true social and economic progress. Neither is it possible to maintain throughout the world," Freeman declares. justice for all Americans. industrial progress if most of the labor avail "Many in the developing countries are With those sentiments in mind, Mr. able in a country must be utilized just to caught," Freeman continues, "in a vicious President, I should like to extend a Hap produce enough food. This is something that circle of malnutrition, underemployment, py New Year to an of my Jewish con is given scant thought in the United States and ignorance. The circle can be broken, but stituents--L'shana tova. where we never worry in the slightest about only by a world-wide effort. Technical assist the lack of food. The United States has an ance is an important part of that effort. While abundance of labor outside agriculture for food from the developed world buys time, a any undertaking because so few people ac vital, forceful program of technical assist tually are required, percentagewise, to pro ance, with adequate capital support, can TECHNICAL AID IS BEST WEAPON duce an ab'\lndant supply of food for all. bring about an increase of food production AGAINST FAMINE But some of the poorer countries would throughout the world by exporting technical like to enjoy the affiuence of America with agricultural 'know-how.' But this task is not out first taking care of their food needs. Not simple. It calls for decision, dedication, deter HON. DONALD M. FRASER only that, the poorer nations even have mination and heavy investment." OF MINNESOTA downgraded agriculture because they equated The idea of technical assistance covers a tremendous field. It is far more than show IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES affluence with industrial development. The reasoning was that the rich nations ing a farmer how to use a steel plow or to Tuesday, September 17, 1968 were industrially developed while the nations put on some fertllizer. Obviously better farm where farming dominated were poor. There ing methods are involved. But technical as Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, I wish to fore, to be rich required industrialization. sistance includes, for ex.ample, extensive re draw to the attention of Members of Only in the last few years, Freeman writes, search into crop and land use and the devel Congress the publication of an absorbing have the leaders of some of the poorer na opment of better and adapted varieties. In book, "World Without Hunger," written tions finally been convinced that food comes some parts of the world, Freeman points out, by Secretary of Agriculture Orville L. first. the greatest need is for immediate market ing reforms that will help farmers dispose Freeman. "Without agricultural development, gen of their products at a profit. At the same Secretary Freeman's book, which deals eral economic development soon bogs down time, processing plants are a necessity. We with the world hunger problem, was pub in problems of inflation, unemployment and take these for granted in this country. Food lished this summer and has received high scarcities," Freeman says. "The emergence is canned, packaged or frozen at harvest time critical acclaim. of such problems in country after country for use throughout the year. We have ware Under leave to revise and extend my has led us to re-examine our basic theories. houses for storing such food. We have come to realize that all of today's Transportation is another absolute re remarks, I insert at this point in the advanced nations, even those like the United RECORD a story which appeared recently quirement for food distribution and it be Kingdom and Japan, which rely heavily upon comes a part of the technical assistance pro in the Kansas City, Mo., Star under the imported supplies of agricultural products, gram. Credit is one more field that ls wide byline of the Star's agricultural editor, moved from subsistence agriculture to com open for exploration and development in the Roderick Turnbull. mercial agriculture in the earlier stages of poorer nations. The article follows: development." "One of the difflcult problems in develop In industrialized nations, such as America, ing countries," Freeman cites, "and one on TECHNICAL Am BEST WEAPON AGAINST people spend a relatively small part of their FAMINE which much work needs to be done, is price income on food which means they have policy ... Price policies that wm en (By Roderick Turnbull) money left to buy other things. As more courage the adoption of more efficient prac A massive program of mostly technical as people become engaged in nonagricultural tices in the short run, and the moderniza sistance to the under-developed na tlons of pursuits, more food production is required tion of !arming the long run, are essential the world to help them meet their food re from farmers. for every developing nation. quirements ls proposed by Orville L. Freeman, But under a system of subsistence agricul "Our technical assistance programs should secretary of agriculture, in a new book, ture, such as prevails in the poorer countries, include agricultural economists to carry out "World Without Hunger" (Frederick A. Prae farmers and their fa.nlllies consume the bulk the research necessity to formulate meaning ger, New York, $5.95). of their own production. The typical sub ful alternative economic policies. Obviously, Secretary Freeman doesn't write off direct sistence farmer is poor. If he is fortunate farmers will not adopt new measures that food aid to these countries, but he proposes enough to raise more, his family eats better, cost more than they get in return from in that such help be used to "buy time" untll but not much more is sent to market. Thus creased production; however, countries with the nations involved can take care of them he doesn't supply food for a greater work large urban population that demand cheap selves. force. food face practical and urgent political diftl It ls the only solution to the world's food "The plain fact ls that subsistence agricul culties in trying to establish sound price problems, he insists, basing his conclusions ture cannot sustain a growing economy," policies for agriculture. In some countries, on eight years of experience in which he has Freeman contends. the answer may be to subsidize such things been involved in probably the greatest aid Such comments from the secretary of agri as fertllizers, improved seed and insecticides. and distribution efforts ln all history. culture are the ground work he is layi'ng for In other cases, subsidies may be used to hold September 18, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27533 down consumer prices. One way or another, the Congress, by cabinet committees, or eign Trade Zones Act-to "expedite and the producer must get an incentive price by administrative agencies, the need for encourage foreign commerce." It would before he will apply new practices quickly." effective controls on oil imports has been be used as a subterfuge for the importa How is all this technical assistance to be overwhelmingly confirmed. tion of foreign petroleum products which accomplished. In the first place, the United otherwise could not be imported under States, although obligated to be a leader, That need rests on one very real fact of life. That is the obvious truth that the the mandatory oil import program. It is can't do the whole job, Freeman admits. Oth intended to gain for Occidental Petro er developed nations of the world must help. largest energy-consuming nation in his And, he adds, they have started to help. tory, the United States of America, is leum a privileged status not accorded As for the United States, he strongly urges dependent on petroleum fuels for almost any other oil company by enabling it, as a starter that this country renew P.L. 480 75 percent of its energy requirements, and it alone, to operate a major refinery and the farm program enacted in 1965. P.L. and, if this Nation is to maintain a po 100 percent on foreign oil. 480 is the law under which this country can I do not raise this issue here, Mr. make concessional sales to needy nations sition of strength with which to deal with the world's problems it has no al Speaker, only because the chief executive taking their currency as payment for farm officer of Occidental is one of the mem commodities. ternative except to maintain adequate "Then," the secretary of agriculture says, supplies of petroleum fuels within its bers of the President's new Trade Policy "I propose that the United States establish own control. Committee, although I must say the a goal to commit each year, for 10 years, 1.5 With the advent of the development of naming of such a body of one having per cent of its national income to develop tremendous low-cost oil deposits in the such an overwhelming economic interest ment, with emphasis on technical assistance in a project of this nature raises in my in food production (for the needy nations). Middle East, Africa, and other world mind considerable doubt as to the pro "Our immediate goal should be to achieve areas, it has long been clear that these priety of this appointment. a total flow of resources, governmental and remote and vulnerable supplies exist in Mr. Speaker, the application for the private, of 1 per cent of our national income. such quantities that foreign oil could en "foreign trade zone" in Maine, to con This would mean an immediate increase of 2 tirely displace and kill off the domestic b11lion dollars yearly. (In 1966, 1 per cent fer upan Occidental Petroleum a privi oil-producing industry, without effective lege not accorded any other oil company, would have been 6.6 b11lion dollars, as com and reasonable restraint on petroleum pared with the 4.6 billion actually trans is now under active consideration before ferred. Of the latter, 3.6 b11lion came from imports. the Foreign Trade Zones Board, whose the government and 1 b11lion from private Mr. Speaker, the Arab-Israeli war of chairman is Commerce Secretary C. R. investment and lending). last summer-and the inflamed passions Smith. In addition, Secretary Stewart "As soon as the immediate goal is achieved, which still persist in the Middle· East- Udall, whose Department of Interior and when we, in co-operation with the devel are all the reminder which reasonable would have to authorize the imports for oping nations, have made sound plans to men require to recognize that our secu encourage self-help, the level should be raised such a plant, is said to be in process of to 1.5 per cent of our national income. Of rity as to energy supplies would be short developing policies with respect to how that total amount, the 1 per cent should lived indeed should we abandon an effec such "foreign trade zones" would be ac come from the government and the other tive oil import palicy and choose, instead, commodated under the mandatory oil 0.5 per cent from private investments." a course of growing reliance in foreign import program. Concerning private investment, Freeman oil. If this project is approved, we can says that private enterprise is becoming in Yet, I am distressed to say, that is pre throw away what is left of the oil im creasingly aware of the importance of in cisely the course which we appear to be vestment in developing countries. But pri port program. It would be the "grand vate investment naturally tends to flow into pursuing. We are not doing it at a fell daddy" of all of the loopholes in that the most promising areas. So some way must swoop, by abandoning impart controls program. Competing companies would be evolved to get such investment where it is outright, but we are doing it by piece be forced by economic circumstance to needed most. The secretary of agriculture meal dismantling of the oil import pro seek and be accorded similar treatment. proposes the creation of something new, per gram through exemptions and exceptions Let us look at some of the con haps a co-operative endeavor involving pri contrived by those seeking the special vate industry and the government. It would sequences and some of the facts in privilege of claiming for themselves volved: take planning and congressional action. to In a giant technical assistance program, access very lucrative loopholes in the First. If the Occidental trade zone were capable manpower would be the big problem. oil import program. approved, it would result in an increase Freeman proposes, among other things, I will not detail the exemptions and ex of 14 percent in the imports now author that the government finance the training for ceptions to the program which have been ized under the mandatory oil import pro qualified volunteers who would agree to permitted in the past 2 years by the De gram in the area east of the Rockies- serve overseas for a period of not less than partment of Interior. Instead, to my col all by one company. two years. In addition, professional agricul leagues who are interested, I recommend Second. The 100,000 barrels a day of turists in the Department of Agriculture and in land grant colleges should plan for ex a thorough reading of a report on the light petroleum products--home heating tended tours in the developing nations. mandatory oil import program by the fuel and gasoline-which Occidental pro Putting all his proposals together, Free Committee on Interior and Insular Af poses to bring from the proposed trade man says he believes that, in this last half fairs, based upon 3 days of hearings con zone into U.S. markets is almost the of the 20th century. "We have the oppor ducted by its Subcommittee on Mines and equivalent of the total imports of such tunity to remove from the face of the earth Mining. This report documents in detail products-107 ,000 barrels daily-per the threat of famine that Malthus predicted the dismembering which has been per mitted by all other companies under the nearly two centuries ago." mitted in this vital national security impart program. program. Third. Occidental would be the only The latest and most ambitious pro company operating a U.S. refinery 100 posal to knock the biggest loophole yet percent on foreign soil. Its competitors, LOOPHOLES THREATEN MANDA in that program is not covered in the now permitted imports equivalent of TORY OIL IMPORT PROGRAM committee's report. I refer to the project about 9 percent of their refinery runs, of Occidental Petroleum Corp. to locate would have to get along on an even HON. GARNER E. SHRIVER a. 300,000-barrel refinery inside a "for smaller ratio after moving over for Occi eign trade zone" at Machias Bay, in the dental. OJI' KANSAS State of Maine. This plant would operate Fourth. The entire underpinning of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES entirely on foreign oil. From the prod the oil import program would be swept Wednesday, September 18, 1968 ucts refined, the company proposes to away, and the domestic oil-producing in Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, I am ship 300,000 barrels daily into the U.S. dustry-already shrinking and in eco particularly disturbed about the course market-90,000 barrels daily of home nomic difficulty-would be dealt a crip and direction of the vitally essential heating fuel, 10,000 barrels daily of gaso pling blow. mandatory oil import program. That line, and 100,000 barrels daily of residual Mr. Speaker, approval of this project program was initiated under President fuel. would be in gross violation of the intent Eisenhower, and has been continued un In other words, this trade zone would and purpose of the oil-import program. der both Presidents Kennedy and John not be used in the manner intended by It would constitute an abuse of the pur son. In every study ever conducted by the Congress when it adopted the For- pose of two programs, in fact. The Con- 27-534 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 18, 1968 gress never intended that foreign trade from Hanoi is reportedly in Moscow, now, to button to the deterioration of police-com zones be used as an escape hatch to get faster deliveries!) munity relations. This ls proved by a little circumvent other essential programs. EDWARD J . SLOANE. notlced report in the Washington Post of Certainly, it never intended that the oil SPRINGFIELD, VA. September 2, 1968, (page B 4) in a 2-column article titled "Columbia U. Rebel Is D.C. import program be misused for the pur AUGUST 12, 1968. Researcher." The Post reported, in part, as pose of serving the economic interests of DEAR JOEL: The above facts on Russian aid follows: "Jonathan D. Schiller, 21, connects private companies. to North Vietnam is not known to the pub the Columbia University riots of last spring I hope my colleagues who share my lic. I have not seen one newspaper that has with Washington's police-community rela conviction that a sound and consistent printed this information. I respectfully re tions crisis of this summer. A 6-foot, 5-lnch impart program, unencumbered by such quest your placi~g it in the Appendix of the exponent of the New Left, Schiller threw his Record. considerable bulk between the police and special exemptions and exceptions, still Best regards, is vitally necessary to the energy secu the Columbia demonstrators, an experience ED SLOANE. he brought to bear recently when, as a re rity position of the United States, will search assistant for the D.C. City Council, make known their views on this matter. I he helped prepare its report on a police-com cannot conceive of such special privilege munity relations. . . . Now a $100-a-week being granted to one company, but I have COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY REBEL IS summer intern for the City Council, Schiller learned that the unbelievable, indeed, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA RE has tucked his knees under a low desk and can happen if such proposals are met SEARCHER helped turn out the 43-page report on police only with silence. community relations that ls stlll being con sidered by the Council. For two weeks, with HON. DONALD E. LUKENS his Columbia experience stm fresh in mind, OJI' OHIO Schiller plowed through reports of various IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES crime commissions, called police and law RUSSIA MAJOR ENEMY enforcement officials and conferred with Thursday, September 12, 1968 specialists from the Justice Department. 'The Mr. LUKENS. Mr. Speaker, lit has come Columbia riots taught me a lot about power,' HON. JOEL T. BROYHILL to my attention thait the Di-strict of Co he said. 'And working here has enabled me OJ' VIRGINIA to get a perspectlve on the art of power and lumbia City Council members are ap that a real citizen infiuence ls necessary. It IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES parently supporting a member of the new gives me an awareness of when and under Tuesday, September 17, 1968 left whose past history includes proud what conditions it wm be feasible.' The im participation in the Columbia University age of a 'Columbia rebel' may clash with that Mr. BROYHILL of Virginia. Mr. student riots. of the municipal Bureaucrat hunched over Speaker, Mr. Edward J. Sloane of Spring In fact, the only apparent qualification a desk shuffiing papers into oblivion, but field, Va., in my congressional district, of this young man, Mr. Jonathan D. Schiller, articulate as usual, has an answer. called my attention to a letter he had 'A radical or extremist probably considers Schiller, ls his experience in the Colum summertime work in city government an written to the editor of the Manchester, bia student disaster. If this self-styled N.H., Union Leader last July concerning exercise in futility,' he conceded. 'But my radical has something to offer this city job with the Council has been educational the large number of Soviet Russian ships in terms of constructive solutions to and productive. I've learned something.' " supplying the enemy in North Vietnam. social and economic problems here, it ls We thought, and certainly we, as well as Mr. Sloane said he believes these facts not obvious to those of us who are the rest of the community were led to be are not generally known to the Ameri familiar wt.th his mther limited experi lleve from earlier newspaper and radio-TV can public and he has asked that his ence and skill in community relations. reports, that the City Council's study on letter be made a part of this RECORD. I I am not sure that with this limited police-commUn.ity relations had been pre am pleased to insert his letter in full pared by the members of the Council's Pub at this point in the RECORD: background and his emergence from lic Safety Committee. These members are prejudiced and destructive student lead William S. Thompson Chairman, Margaret [From the Manchester (N.H.) Union Leader, ership whether he ls qualified to partici A. Haywood, Polly Shackleton, Rev. Walter E. July 23, 1968] pate in the preparation of an analysis Fauntroy, John A. Nevius, and yourself as RUSSIA MAJOR ENEMY of police-community relations in an ex officio member. Whatever Mr. Sch1ller To the EDITORS: An obvious reason-prob Washington, D.C., or any city. may consider he has learned about the "art ably the major reason-for Soviet Russia's Certainly this young man ls not un of power," we think this Washington Post offer to negotiate a de-escalation of anti prejudiced or unbiased in his approach article, shocking and revealing as it is, clear missile devices-was the hardening up of the ly calls for decisive action by the City U.S. on the subject. Specifically, the Senate to solutions of the problems in any city, Council. followed the House, and authorized con let alone Washington, D.C. His beliefs We are demanding that you (1) publicly struction of the "sentinel" system of pro seem more in line with the Black Uni,ted identify the sections of the City Council's tection from blackmail by missile. In brief, Front than with the majority of Ameri 43-page report on police-community rela we became firmer and Russia became cans, black and white. I see no reason tions on which Mr. Schiller worked, and "softer." But, don't forget this: they are the why Washington, D.C., under its present those he contributed to: and (2) issue a major enemy 1n Vietnam. modemte and fair leadership, should oompletely frank and open report on the ex Sen. Harry Byrd of Virginia has just re lean over backward to appease any mi traordinary circumstances surrounding the leased :fl.gures which were held back as '"top hiring of this "Columbia U. Rebel". Please secret" by DIA, until released on Saturday, nority-particularly one supporting the bear in mind that this 43-page report is not June 29, 1968 at 6:30 P.M., EST: idea of lawbreaking. We have excused a mere student's thesis on "the art of power" Total number of Russian ships, carrying such nonsense as "justified lawbreaking'' and citizen control of the police. deadly weapons and supplies to be used long enough. This Nation-its entire Mr. Schiller, an avowed "radical or ex against American soldiers, arriving in North social and economic structure, time tremist", has successfully included some Vietnam harbors, during first four months proven and time tested beyond all novel proposals clearly acceptable to the of 1968: 72. others-is no·t in need of leadership Black United Front, but not to Public Safe At the rate of 72 Russian ships arriving in ty Director, Patrick V. Murphy who has to shouting "bum, destroy, and kill." tally rejected a number of recommendations North Vietnam during first four months, the I include in the RECORD at this point 1968 rate can be calculated as 216 l This is in the report. The City Council should have higher than 181 ships (actual) in 1967, and the following material to make it clear consulted experts personally 1n preparing its 122 ships (actual) in 1966. that I support these particular e:fl'orts of report. Its use of a self-admitted "radical Two-thirds of all ships going into North the District of Columbia Police Wives or extremist" such as Mr. Sch1ller to do its Association: work seems to vitiate this 43-page report. Vietnam harbors during 1966, 1967, 1968 are In the Federalist papers, Alexander Hamil Russian. So, the rockets fall on Vietnam, AN OPEN LETrER To ALL DISTRICT OF COLUM from Russian ships, and this is a central ton called for a "check upon a spirit of :fa BIA CITY CouNcn. MEMBERS voritism" which would "prevent the appoint fact we must not forget, when the Russians DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA POLICE make approaches for "detente" these days. ment of unfit characters from state preju WIVES ASSOCIATION, INC., dice, from family connection, from personal Don't forget that with the Russians, it is Clinton, Mel., September 5, 1968. attachments, or from a view to popularity." always "One Step Backward and Two Steps Hon. JOHN w. HECHINGER, Clearly, such a check ls desperately needed in Forward." This is a backward step by them Chairman, District of Columbia CUy Council, the City Council. May we hear from you? to pull us back. Don't forget they continue Washington D.C. Sincerely yours, going to North Vietnam harbors on an in DEAR MR. HECHINGER: We charge tha.t the (Mrs.) JOAN ABBOTT, creasing scale this year, so far. (A delegation D.C. City Council has made a major co;ntrl- President. September 18, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2753:5 OPEN LE'l'TER TO DISTRICT OJ' COLUMBIA CITY between the police and the Columbia demon last night when the forerunner of the Peace COUNCIL MEMBERS strators, an experience he brought to bear Corps, Crossroads Africa, swung a dignified FEDERATION OP CITIZENS ASSOCIA- recently when, as a research assistant for reception for African diplomas and Washing TIONS OF THE DISTRICT OF Co- the D.C. City Council, he helped prepare its ton African-oriented black and white youth. LUMBIA, report on police-community relations. Meridian House, the elegant old place that September 5, 1968. "There is a very close working relationship is so many th,ings to so many people as an in Re What pa.rt did Jonathan Schlller, Co between what happened at Columbia and ternational center, served straight American lumbia U. Rebel, have in writing the what's happening here," Schiller said. liquor and canapes to the tones of African City Council's report on police-commu A two-year member of Columbia's basket music carefully subdued below conversation nity relations? ball team ("The best in the East, 23-5 last level. Hon. JOHN w. HECHINGER, year"), Schiller went on: Under the linden trees on the terrace, Chairman, District of Columbia City Council, "The frustration felt by many ghetto res bright robed Afro-Americans and dark suited Washington, D.C. idents 1n terins of police grievance proce Africans talked about Crossroads, Africa's DEAR MR. HECHINGER: What part did dures very closely resembles what happened plan to send Washington high school stu Jonathan Schlller, whom the Washington at Columbia. There the students wanted dents-black and white--to Africa next' sum Post (Sept. 2) called a "Columbia. u. Rebel" participation in the administrative and mer, in a pilot project marking a shift in em have in writing the 43-page Police-Com grievance procedures too. It's quite similar." phasis from its traditional college-student munity relations report? The Washington MIDDLE CLASS FAMILY participation. Post is unusually reliable and informed on Schiller, the product of an upper middle Dr. James Robinson, the Harlem Presby community and police matters, and it re class Cleveland Park home, could, despite his terian minister who in 1958 started the pro ported that: "Now a $100-a-week intern for penchant for New Left jargon, submit a re gram President Kennedy called "the pro the City Council, Schlller has tucked his sume to warm the heart of any Dow Chemical genitor of the Peace Corps" said that next knees under a low desk and helped tum out recruiter. year's "African Trek" will be a real innova the 43-page report on police-community re A graduate of the private Landon School tion in enlisting inner city youth to join lations that is still being considered by the and a good enough student at Columbia to summer work camps in Africa. Council. For two weeks, with his Columbia consider applying to Harvard Law School, Talting the idea one further, Melvin Deal, experience stlll fresh in his mind, Schiller Schiller is the son of an administrative judge director of the African Herl tage Dancers and plowed through reports of various crime com for the Securities and Exchange Commission Drummers, thought perhaps that such a missions, called police and law enforcement and a woman who also holds a law degree movement could start closer to home; here officials and conferred with specialists from but practices as a marriage counselor. His in Washington. the Justice Department." sister, a veteran of the Peace Corps, is now In his stunning Ghanian "sarong kerite," Earlier this week Public Safety Director at the University of London. Deal said that diplomatic circles in Washing Patrick V. Murphy appeared before the City Love for basketball drew Schiller from the ton could sensibly and profitably, open their Council and :flatly turned down and rejected white world of Cleveland Park into the black doors to articulate inner city youth. a number of the recommendations in the 43- world of inner-city playgrounds. "Most African diplomats only meet college page report which Schiller "helped tum out". "I used to go downtown to watch guys like students," he said. Why didn't the City Council tum to Public Elgin Baylor play and hope to get into a Mr. Walter Washington, arriving with the Safety Director Murphy, instead of Schlller, game. I also was a ballboy for the American Mayor, who was still rubbing his eyes wearily to prepare its 43-page report on police-com University team. I traveled with the team to from an afternoon-long TV appearance, munity relations? What expertise did Schil· nearby games and got to know the players. agreed. ler, a self-styled "radical or extremist" Basketball," he observed, "has always been "Foreign diplomats, from all countries,. possess which Mr. Murphy did n<;>t? What integrated." want a real viable meeting and dialogue. It purpose is Mr. Murphy in the D. C. Gov LED 70 CHILDREN would be enriching to so-called polite so ernment to serve if it is not to be in the ciety, to the whole range of diplomatic life, preparation of such a sensitive and vital re Later Schiller became a summer block to meet inner city people--young people par port as the 43-page Report on Police-Com leader for the Adams-Morgan Community ticularly." munity Relations claims to be? The City Council. With a staff of eight he set up arts Mrs. Washington, after a few affectionate Council certainly considers Mr. Murphy to and crafts and cultural activities for his 70 words with pretty Nancy Hechinger, just be on the same team as the City Council is children. back from teaching French to Biafran refu supposed to be? The use of such a "radical Two years ago he participated in Operation gees in Togo, said that she was delighted or extremist" as Mr. Sch1ller to help "turn Champ, setting up basketball clinics with about Rev. Channing Phillips' nomination. out" the City Council's report is an extremely enough expertise to take his team to the New "It's remarkable, an individual black being curious matter. Upon inquiry today, I find York final. put up as a favorite son ... it's really part of that Mr. Schiller has suddenly departed from Now a $100-a-week summer intern for the the new thrust." his job? Why and under what circumstances City Council, Sch1ller has tucked his knees Mayor Washington and Peace Corps di did he leave? Do you consider that he con under a low desk and helped turn out the rector Jack Vaughn congratulated each other tributed to better police-community rela 43-page report on police-community rela on their work, before Mrs. Washington edged tions? Why was he employed, and Chief Lay tions that is still being considered by the the Mayor off to one more party. Later they ton and Mr. Murphy were not? The em Council. planned to watch the convention on TV. ployment of Schiller by the City Council For two weeks, with his Columbia experi Politics was strictly secondary to the cul could be the straw which broke the camel's ence, still fresh in his mind, Schiller plowed tural exchange theme of the evening, with back where the 3100 men of the Police De through reports of various crime commis the feeling that whatever happened, it would partment are concerned-coming on top of sions, called police and law enforcement offi still all be there next summer for the volun the "justifiable homicide" resolution drafted cials and conferred with specialists from the teers. by Rev. Channing Phillips, Democratic Na Justice Department. Jack Vaughn cracked a few affectionate tional Committeeman. I would urge that you "ART OF POWER jokes about Sargent Shriver, his predecessor immediately issue a public explanation of "The Columbia riots taught me a lot about at the Peace Corps. "He is reported to be the use of Mr. Schiller before the matter power," he said. "And working here has en circling Chicago ... or having lunch with further exacerbates relations between the po abled me to get a perspective on the art of de Gaulle." lice (who are risking their lives to protect power and that · a real citizen infiuence is Uganda's Ambassador Otema All1madi, sip law-abiding citizens) and the D.C. City necessary. It gives me an awareness of when ping a drink on the terrace, smiled that no, Council. In any event, I would hope you and under what conditions it will be !eas he wasn't in Chicago, but had been to Miami. would give me an explanation of this matter ible." "It was just like the convention we had in so that I can bring it before the Federation The image of a "Columbia rebel" may Uganda." of Citizens Associations at its upcoming clash with that of the municipal Bureaucrat meeting. May I hear from you? hunched over a desk shuffiing papers into Sincerely yours, oblivion, but Schiller, articulate as usual, has A MAN OF INTEGRITY JOHN R. lMMER, an answer. First Vice President. "A radical or enremist probably considers summertime work in city government an HON. DAVID PRYOR [From the Washington (D.C.) Post, Sept. 2, OJ' ARKANSAS 1968) exercise in futility," he conceded. "But my job with the Council has been educational IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COLUMBIA U. REBEL Is DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA and productive. I've learned something." RESEARCHER Wednesday, September 18, 1968 (By Richard M. Cohen) [From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star, Mr. PRYOR. Mr. Speaker, I join many Jonathan D. Schiller, 21, connects the Col Aug. 29, 1968] of my fellow citizens in the State of umbia University riots of last spring with AFRICA PROJECT CHEERY Arkansas in mourning the passing of Washington's police-community relations crisis of this summer. (By Joy Billington) County Judge Judson L. Erwin of A six-foot, five-inch exponent of the New Afro-American consciousness raised a soft McGehee. We have lost one of our most Left, Schlller threw his considerable bulk voice and beams of Establishment approval capable and dedicated public servants. 27536 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 18, 1968 Judge Erwin's distinguished career in ponder and then to chart the course affirma dietary Committee. He was assigned instead government extended over a period of al tively and conservatively. to the Agriculture Committee. It led to marked achievements for him, This combination of fate and politics (Ju most 30 years. and more importantly in his opinion, for diciary Chairman Emanuel Celler, D-NY., His vast accomplishments during his Desha County. was said to oppose assignment of a Southern long service as county judge of Desha conservative to his committee) has worked County are set forth in an editorial which wonders. appeared in the September 11 edition of Since form.er Rep. Carl Vinson, D-Ga., re tired in 1964, no member of the Georgia the Dumas Clarion. Under leave granted THE CONSERVATIVE MASTON to extend my remarks, I include the House delegation has been a committee O'NEAL chairman. Rep. O'Neal is headed toward the editorial: top of the Agriculture Committee at a speed A MAN OF INTEGRITY rated supersonic by congressional standards. An era in county government has ended HON. G. ELLIOTT HAGAN In January 1965, Rep. O'Neal began his with the death of Judge Judson L. Erwin of OF GEORGIA service on the committee at the lofty perch McGehee. of 14th among 20 Democrats. When the 90th A man of integrity, Judge Erwin was never IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Congress convened in 1967, he jumped to intimidated. He could be persuaded, and he Wednesday, September 18, 1968 ninth by virtue of some Democratic losses would listen to the people, but he was never and retirements. pressured into action. He weighed the situa Mr. HAGAN. Mr. Speaker, our col While fellow congressmen plotted out their tion, whatever it might be, and took the ac league from Georgia, Hon. MASTON 1966 campaigns in the heat of the summer tion which he deemed in the best interests O'NEAL, is the subject of an interesting months, Rep. O'Neal was unopposed for the of the county. article recently published in the Sunday second straight time. Judson Erwin's fine career in government magazine section of the Atlanta Journal Two Democrats on the Agriculture Com began in 1939 when he was elected to the mittee are retiring. Simply by showing up state legislature as the representative from and Constitution. to take the oath of office next January, Rep. Desha County. He was qualified by the fact While the paper and the writer, Wayne O'Neal is assured of being at least the seventh that he was a law graduate and he was re Kelley, have frequently disagreed with ranking Democrat on his committee. elected because of his ab111ty to keep touch the Congressman on political and philo Rep. O'Neal has been involved in Georgia with the people and see their needs and sophical matters, the sketch entitled politics for 28 years. He was solicitor general problems. "The Conservative MASTON O'NEAL" of the six-county Albany Judicial Circuit When he failed the examination for mm clearly portrays his many fine qualities from 1940 through 1964. tary service because of a lung condition, Rep and shows why his constituents elected Only twice in eight races for office has the resentative Erwin took a job with the rail Bainbridge conservative had opposition. He road because he felt he was thus aiding the and relected him as solicitor general for edged out Harry L. Wingate Jr. of Albany war effort. He became a railroad engineer, a 24 years and then have elected and re in 1964 by about 600 votes to win his seat job he kept after he was elected county judge elected him to Congress. in Congress. The only other time Rep. O'Neal during the summer of 1946. The position of I would like to share this with all of faced an opponent at the ballot box was back judge was not greatly financially endowed, our colleagues, as follows : in 1940 when he scored an equally narrow vic tory by some 145 votes to become solicitor and the judge used railroading, which he THE CONSERVATIVE MASTbN O'N~AL truly liked, to supplement his income. general. (By Wayne Kelley) However, the county came first and he Once he was in office, however, the voters of. never neglected its interests. On January 1, Congressman Maston Emmett O'Neal Jr., southwest Georgia found Mr. O'Neal very 1947, when he took office, he found county a gentle, white-haired south Georgia conser much to their liking. "The people of the bonded indebtedness totalled $50,000. He bat vative with a voting record that would 2nd Congressional District will elect Maston tened down the county finances and in four whistle "Dixie" if set to music, tells the story as long as he wants to run," a member of the years, had paid off that indebtedness. From on himself: Georgia General Assembly said. then on, there was never any doubt that Rep. Thomas P. O'Neill Jr., D-Mass., a hefty Rep. O'Neal has followed the footsteps of Judge Erwin was charting the county finan and friendly liberal from Cambridge, had some of the Deep South's most powerful con cial course, and the finances improved serv~d 12 years in the House before Rep. gressmen during his career in the House. He measurably. O'Neal of Bainbridge arrived in 1965. has sponsored little legislation, but has es A man who enjoyed reading to the fullest, The Georgian's name immediately pre tablished a record calculated to keep any Judge Erwin left a lasting memorial in the cedes Rep. O'Neill's on the House roll call. opponent from easing up on his political libraries he provided for this county. He be One day the portly Northern congressman right. lieved that reading was the key to learning, called Rep. O'Neal aside to make a confession. "Maston does demagogue a little bit up and he sought to further the education fa "Before you came to Congress, I used to here," a House colleague said recently. "But c111ties of the county by libraries in McGehee, rush to the floor and was never sure how I he admits it (privately) and knows that his Dumas, Watson and Arkansas City. When first should vote when my name was called," Rep. tory is catching up with him." constructed, the Dumas library was con O'Neill said. "Now I just listen to you and The 2nd District congressman has blasted sidered a model for small cities in the state- vote exactly the opposite." the Poor People's Campaign, has uncovered and Judge Erwin was a model judge to the Ar Maston O'Neal smiled as he recalled the "Communists" in demonstrations for the kansas Library Commission. conversation, and the smile compressed needy, has damned flag desecraters in long He was greatly interested in preserving his laughter lines high on his cheeks until his statements and has seen civil rights legis tory, and helped with the establishment of blue eyes were barely visible. lation leading to "anarchy." He views the the museum in Arkansas City. No one who has heard it doubts that the Great Society as something akin to Asian story is accurate. For if O'Neill of Massa flu, and has opposed programs to feed the But these were not the only truly lasting chusetts is liberal on civil rights, the Great hungry. The poverty program is not his cup achievements of Judge Erwin's administra Society, and federal spending, O'Neal of of tea. tion. His leadership helped the county to Georgia is his mirror opposite. At a time when the race issue has driven achieve excellent medical fac111ties-the first In fact, there are few representatives in many politicians to elaborate semantic eva of which was paid off far ahead of schedule. the 435-member House who are more con sions, Rep. O'Neal still speaks directly. "I He always had a sympathetic ear for hospi servative than the Decatur County Democrat. think the races in south Georgia are happier tal leaders-time and again stepping in to At the end of his first year in the 89th when left to themselves," he said. "Birds of a help when needed but insisting that the hos Congress, one survey of voting records feather flock together." pitals be operated by private, nonprofit cor ranked Rep. O'Neal among the ·dozen con This is the politics of the Deep South, porations and not by the county. gressmen with the lowest percentage of honored for years in the Black Belt regions Under his administration, the county road party-unity votes. He has been a constant of Georgia, South Carolina, Mississippi, Ala fund grew from $10,000 to $65,000, and the delight to the Americans for Constitutional bama and Louisiana. Rep. O'Neal concedes miles of graveled and maintained roads were Action, the conscience of conservatives in change may come, but "footdragging," as he greatly increased. Congress. O'Neal of Georgia has an average calls it, plays an important role. Judge Erwin was not all things to all men. ACA rating of 85 per cent while O'Neill of "Certainly history does not stand still," the He couldn't be and achieve the kind of rec Massachusetts weighs in at 5 per cent. congressman commented. "But one thing ord he charted. He was sometimes verbally Rep. O'Neal is also well on his way to be that would be bad for the country is to abused-but the real proof of his ab111ty lay coming one of those Southerners whose solid change too abruptly. Evolution is better than in the fact that he was opposed only once support at home returns him to Congress revolution." during his 22 years in office, and that was every two years to build seniority and even Rep. O'Neal may be considered a reaction 20 years ago. Desha Countians might disagree tually to dominate the committees and ma ary by the new left and a hidebound con with him but they never doubted Judge chinery of the legislative branch of govern servative by proponents of the Great Society. Erwin's integrity. ment. But he is not a racist orator who takes the His simple legacy to anyone who wishes to When he came to Congress four years ago, fioor of the House with fire in his eye and serve in county government was to listen, to Rep. O'Neal sought a seat on the House Ju- malice in h is heart. September 18, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27537 Most of his stronger statements are deliv Without realizing it, she got the vice a slight smile touching the corners of his ered with restraints or are merely inserted president's private number. The phone rang mouth. in the Congressional Record. and a terribly familiar voice answered. "It Rep. O'Neal is far from being an opponent Even colleagues who have found occasion was the vice president," Mrs. O'Neal said of all subsidies. He votes for farm subsidies. to disagree with him regard Maston O'Neal as in her soft Southern accent. "I just didn't He has urged the secretary of agriculture to one of the most diligent and congenial mem know what to say. I had expected to get a raise parity for peanut farmers, a big indus bers of Congress. butler or a maid, or something. try in his district. The courtly and courteous 61-year-old "I pretended I didn't recognize his voice His philosophy is simple. "I vote the views congressman believes as strongly in his con and explained that I had left my purse," of the people of my district. As far as my victions as do those who favor more federal she said. "He just laughed and said, 'Well, voting record goes, I don't know whether involvement in solving social problems. "The lost lady, I'll see that someone brings it to Negroes approve or disapprove. But I have pendulum has swung too far and it has got you.' had no complaints. to swing back soon from a fiscal standpoint," "Ever since then," said Mrs. O'Neal, "when "Every request that I have had from a he asserts. ever I have seen the vice president, he has Negro constituent has gotten the same close "I would not necessarily be a conservative smiled and called me the 'lost lady.' " attention and desire to help that I would at every point in the history of our country," Mrs. O'Neal is one of those effervescent give to any other constituent.'' he adds. "I think there were times in history Southern women who can call almost any This answer evades the question of whether when I would have been a liberal had I been one "darling" (pronounced DAR-Un) and 2nd District Negroes really believe Rep. in Congress." make it sound as if she is welcoming a new O'Neal represents them-or, as one observer One of those times when he might have member to the family. "Your husband has said, "whether they even have the paper and been a liberal was during the depression got the sense," a voter once told her, "but pen, not to mention the education, to write years of the 1930s. He says that "the con you sure have got the 'howdy.'" him." servatives were far too reactionary" then. The O'Neals have two children, a daughter, Rep. O'Neal's opposition to a two-year ex There is real sincerity in Rep. O'Neal's Susan Charlotte (Mrs. Jerry Montgomery tension of the federal food stamp program assessment of his "liberal" feelings about the Bowden), and a son, Maston Emmett O'Neal for the needy put him on the spot last year. early 20th century. Sen. Richard B. Russell, III. Mrs. Bowden, who lives in Sandy The Georgia congressman introduced a D-Ga., and other prominent Southern poli Springs, an Atlanta suburb, has two sons, peanut b111 authorizing the lease, sale or ticians reacted in the same way to the de Mark, 7, and John, 6. transfer of acreage allotments among farms pression and the hardships it visited on their The O'Neals' son is an Air Force lieutenant within a county. When the blll came up for homeland. who recently returned to the United States a vote, Rep. Leonor K. Sullivan, D-Mo., a "It is the excesses that people go to after after fiying 100 missions in a fighter-bomber sponsor of the food stamp b111, appeared out they get in power that disturbs me," Rep. over North Vietnam from a base in Thailand. of nowhere with other liberals and verbally O'Neal said. "I think the conservatives were Rep. O'Neal's roots run deep in his home roasted the peanut b111. It fell 28 votes short far too reactionary in the early part of this town of Bainbridge. His father was solicitor of a required two-thirds majority. century. It is the liberals who have been ex general before him for 11 terms. The con Although Rep. O'Neal finally steered his cessive in recent years and it is time for the gressman's great-grandfather, Daniel Odum peanut acreage measure through the House conservatives to put a stop to it." Neel, was the first clerk of Decatur County some weeks later, he was shaken by the out One facet of his personality which distin when it was formed in 1822. The town of burst at his expense. guishes Rep. O'Neal from the far-right Bainbridge was founded when Neel bought "The attack on the peanut b111 was nothing zealots is his abiding sense of humor. a parcel of land, laid it off into streets and against Mr. O'Neal," said Rep. Sullivan a few He lives in a comfortable two-bedroom sold the property for a profit. Bainbridge was weeks ago. "We decided to oppose it about apartment which overlooks the Supreme chartered in 1829. half an hour before it came up.'' Court Building. Obviously, few men in Wash The daughter of Daniel Neel married Wil Rep. Sullivan was feuding with Agricul ington have been more disturbed about the liam O'Neal, a youth of Scotch-Irish ancestry ture Committee Chairman W. R. Poage, D "activist" record of the U.S. Supreme Court who came to Decatur County from South Texas, and Rep. O'Neal was caught in the than the Georgia congressman. Carolina. He brought with him three assets crossfire. Nevertheless, Mrs. Sull1van believes He walked to the window of his apart a horse, a rifle and an ax. the issues in the fight were symbolic. ment on a recent evening and looked across Congressman O'Neal has on a wall of his "I think that members in rural areas are the street at the white marble building. home the muzzle-loading rifle carried by going to have to get away from the idea that "I would enjoy the view more if I thought W111iam O'Neal when he made the journey. they are voting for only one little, tiny seg more of the tenants," he said with a chuckle. There is a rich heritage of proud people ment of the country," Rep. Sullivan asserted. Mrs. O'Neal, the former Charlotte Tyson staking out a new life. "They must see the problems of the cities of Americus, is one of the most popular con Rep. O'Neal's desk in his Washington office and urban areas." gressional wives on Capitol HUl. She is ac looks a little like a pawnshop window. It is The Missouri congresswoman said that tive in a prayer group which includes the cluttered with several models of jet airplanes, representatives from cities do not intend to wives of House and Senate members, and stacks of papers, a small bulldog trophy pre oppose bills aiding rural citizens. "If we she devotes time to the Congressional Wives sented him by the National Association of don't make it possible for farmers to earn Club, of which she is historian. Businessmen as a "Watchdog of the Treasury a living, how can you expect them to buy "Charlotte O'Neal is the warmest person Award for 1965-'66.'' things produced in the cities?" she said. you will ever meet," said an admirer in the Somewhere in the jumble are three minia Mrs. Sullivan described Rep. O'Neal as "a Georgia delegation. "She loves everyone and real Southern gentleman." But the difference everyone loves her." ture American flags and a gift from Mrs. O'Neal, a music box with a Confederate of philosophy was apparent. The O'Neals miss their ranch-style Bain "With the reapportionment of congres bridge home when they are in Washington soldier and cannon on top. When wound, the top rotates and the music box plays a sional districts, the day will come when and they've been there Just about all the they (rural representatives) need us more time in recent years. But they attend a num plinkity-plink version of "Dixie.'' Behind the desk, to the congressman's than we need them," she said. "There is ber of functions which Rep. O'Neal describes really an awakening to a fundamental con as "educational" and the Washington press right, is a large American flag. At his left stands the Georgia state flag. cept of looking at legislation without being often considers "social." parochial. Mrs. O'Neal is an outstanding cook and He is signing his mail. "Here is a letter "I don't know if we are ever going to win an avid gardener. On the one-acre homestead from a woman who wants me to send her the them (rural congressmen) over," she added. in Bainbridge she has raised camellias, names of all the liberals in Congress," Rep. "I think the awakening will be more in the azaleas, fiowering shrubs and a notable col O'Neal muses. He does not say what she people." lection of varieties of day lilies. proposes to do with the list. Despite differences of opinion on many Though she misses the garden, Charlotte "How can I answer something like that?" matters with House liberals, Rep. O'Neal O'Neal would be at home just about any he asks. "It depends on your point of view.'' has found his conservatism to be no handi place she went. Soon after arriving in Wash He signs a letter explaining to his cor cap. House Speaker John McCormack, D ington the O'Neals dropped in at a recep respondent that the Senate has 100 seats, Mass., helped him reschedule the peanut tion given by Vice President Hubert Hum the House 435; and as her congressman he is acreage bill at a strategically favorable time. phrey and Mrs. Humphrey. They prepared to very busy trying to represent the 2nd Dis Former Republican Congressman Howard leave soon after arriving, explaining to the trict of Georgia. (Bo) Callaway of Georgia once urged Rep. Humphreys that they had lost the way to On the base of one of the small :flagpoles O'Neal to switch parties. But the south the party in a heavy snowstorm. "We have on his desk is an inscription credited to Ed Georgia Democrat is rising quickly in his to have time to get lost on the way to the W. Hiles: committee and has not been pressured by next reception," Mrs. O'Neal told the vice "We can lose our freedom just as surely, party leaders to change his votes. president. just as completely and just as permanently Rep. O'Neal replied that switching his After leaving the party, Mrs. O'Neal dis tax by tax, subsidy by subsidy and guideline party "wouldn't change a vote I have made covered that she had forgotten her handbag. by guideline-as we can bullet by bullet, here on the fioor. The only thing that would Thinking that someone still at the party missile by missile or bomb by bomb." change would be my effectiveness as I rep might bring it to her, she asked a friend for Does the congressman agree with that? resent the individual constituents of my the Humphreys' phone number. "Well, I don't disagree with it," he said, district." 275:l8 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 18, 1968 In his 1964 congressional race, Rep. O'Neal the sometimes strange ways of mainland mander of Van Nuys Barracks, Veterans lost considerable ground when his runoff America. of World War I; and chairman of their opponent, Harry Wingate, Jr., announced Mr. Speaker, I salute a very distin Armistice Day program. that he would vote for Republican presiden tial candidate Barry Goldwater. guished citizen on this latest achieve This list does not begin to tell the Mr. Goldwater even gave Mr. Wingate his ment in the academic world. whole story of the civic activities of personal endorsement during a campaign Waldo Finnoff. Community organiza visit to Atlanta in September 1964. Rep. tions, as well as veterans organizations, O'Neal said he would vote for the Democratic have benefited from his selfless energy presidential electors, although he did not WALDO E. FINNOFF: "MR. and sense of civic responsibility. He has back President Johnson's administration. VETERAN" worked tirelessly for the welfare of hi~ With the help of many friends, including former Gov. Marvin Griffin (they were Boy community and those who live in it- Scouts together), Rep. O'Neal weathered the HON. JAMES C. CORMAN veteran and nonveteran alike. The American Legion Luncheon Club political trade winds. Mr. Griffin was an offi OF CALIFORNIA cial of the "Democrats for Goldwater•' at the is justly honoring Wally as "Mr. Vet time. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES eran." I proudly join in this tribute. I Some Southern Democrats who publicly Wednesday, September 18, 1968 add to it my personal congratulations endorsed Mr. Goldwater lost their commit and my affection. tee seniority. It would not have been out Mr. CORMAN. Mr. Speaker, Waldo E. of the question for Mr. Wingate, if elected Finnoff, known to his friends as Wally, to have been denied assignment to any com and better known throughout the San mittee. Fernando Valley of California as "Mr. NO-WIN MILITARY POLICY The trade winds are up again in 1968, this Veteran,'' is being honored by the San time blowing strong support for third-party Fernando Valley Legion Luncheon Club presidential candidate George Wallace throughout south Georgia. But Maston on October 7, 1968. A citation, testifying HON. WILLIAM 0. COWGER O'Neal, firmly established as a strong con to the fact that Wally has formal claim OF KENTUCKY se:.-vative, will not leave the Democratic par to this title, will be presented to him at IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ty this year, either. the luncheon. It will be a proud moment "I'm not planning to bolt the party," Rep. for him, for his family, his friends, and Wednesday, September 18, 1968 O'Neal stated. "While I seldom, if ever, agree his fell ow veterans--!or Wally is a truly Mr. COWGER. Mr. Speaker, last year, with the national party leadership, I am con great American and, in the best tradition when I returned from my inspection tour vinced I am best serving my constituents of the word, he is "Mr. Veteran." staying in the party whether they do or not." of the Far East, I submitted a report to This means, says Rep. O'Neal, that he will Wally Finnoff was born on May 29, the President, and to the Congress, of be voting for the Democratic presidential 1899. In 1916, at the age of 17, he enlisted recommendations pertaining to our in electors this November, as he did in Novem in the National Guard, 1st Pennsylvania volvement in Vietnam. These were not ex ber four years ago. That may be all he does Cavalry, later transferring to the 107th clusively my opinions, but were the joint for his party's national ticket in 1968. But Field Artillery. He was sent overseas and findings of the 10 experts who accom few Deep South Democratic politicians will while on active duty in September 1918 panied me. It was quite obvious to us that do more. was gassed during the Meuse-Argonne the Johnson-Humphrey administration operation. During World War II he en was following a no-win military policy in listed in the Coast Guard and served in Vietnam. Their refusal to use offensive CONGRESSMAN DANIELS HAILS DR. California. bombing of military targets to bring the FRANK CORDASCO FOR HIS BOOK, Wally joined the American Legion in war to an end was apparent. I have al "PUERTO RICAN CHILDREN IN France in 1917, and has been an active ways said that if we had no intention of MAINLAND SCHOOLS" member for over 50 years, serving first in winning the war, we should get out. Michigan and then in California. Pres Therefore we recommended a gradual HON. DOMINICK V. DANIELS ently, he is a member of Van Nuys Post "de-Americanization" of our involve OF NEW JERSEY 193. He joined the Veterans of Foreign ment in South Vietnam. As the United IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wars in 1922, and with the exception of States was able to train the military a short period of time, has been an ac forces of the South and strengthen their Wednesday, September 18, 1968 tive member, holding many offices and government, we should withdraw Ameri Mr. DANIELS. Mr. Speaker, I would positions. can troops. like to call to the attention of all Mem Wally has devoted these past 58 years On Monday, September 9, Gen. Wil bers of this House that a very talented to finding ways to help veterans. It has liam Westmoreland, Chief of Staff, re constituent of mine, Dr. Frank Cordasco, become an article of faith with him, and ported the following in an interview. He professor of eduCSition at Montclair State he has worked day and night for their stated that the spring Tet offensive had College, Montclair, N.J., is the coauthor rights. Finding jobs for .veterans is an awakened and solidified the people of of a newly released book which is worthy obsession with him, and he has been South Vietnam. He also stated that the of the attention of all persons who are most successful in this endeavor. He has Saigon government was stronger than interested in the educational develop spent many hundreds of hours visiting ever before and that the size of the South ment of the Spanish-speaking child. veterans who are 111, in and out of hos Vietnamese Army will soon number Dr. Cordasco with his equally talented pitals. He has helped many families who almost 1 million men. Now is the time coauthor, Prof. Eugene Buccioni, of the have lost their loved ones and those who to tell President Thieu and his govern City University of New York, is the au are in need of assistance. Armed Forces ment that in January of next year, we thor of a most useful volume entitled, personnel returning to civilian life owe a will withdraw 50,000 of our support "Puerto Rican Children in Mainland great deal to Waldo Finnoff. He is their troops. When this has been accom Schools: A Source Book for Teachers." friend and does all in his power to show plished, a judgment will be made and It is a collection of readings that has his appreciation for the service they have a date arrived at, for returning another special significance for teachers, social given to their country. 50,000 troops. At the same time, Presi workers, and others who have special in Presently, Waldo Finnoff is chairman dent Johnson should release the 14,000 terest in the education and training of emeritus of the San Fernando Valley reserves who were called up during the Puerto Rican children in mainland Veterans Employment Committee and "Pueblo incident." Vice President HUM schools. vice chairman of the Department of Cali PHREY recently came close to recommend Dr. Cordasco has been a leader in Hud fornia, Los Angeles Metropolitan Area ing the same action-but turned chicken. son County in programs dealing with the Veterans Employment Committee. He is He backed down when his hands were Spanish-speaking community. He has chairman of the press and publicity com slapped by President Johnson and then done much to familiarize other Ameri mittees of the San Fernando Valley tried to recover with a phony report that cans with the ancient Hispanic culture of American Legion Luncheon Club and the the 27th Marine Regiment was being the Spanish community. In addition, he 20th district of the American Legion; withdrawn. As a member of the admin has worked to assist Spanish-speaking chairman of the Veterans of FOreign istration, HUMPHREY has been a part of residents in familiarizing themselves with Wars, district 7, credit union; post com- the no-win policy of President Johnson. September 18, 1968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 27539 As a member of the National Security Let us look for a moment at the story of Although prices have risen steadily in Council, he knows that it is time for us Labor Day and of the American labor move~ America, the purchasing power of the to de-Americanize the Vietnam war, yet ment which it honors. American worker has increased at a faster First, the day itself. In 1882, a New York rate. It ls fair to say th·at the worker's buying he did not have the backbone to stand on carpenter named Peter McGuire felt the power in present day America, is more than his original statement. laboring man in the rapidly industrializing three times what it was in the closing decades I have always strenuously objected to Republic should be recognized by a special of the 19th Century. the news media's use of the words, day. As a result of his efforts, the first Labor So, my friends, we have traced one facet "hawk" and "dove" to describe a person's Day was celebrated in New York in Septem of the history of America's struggle to achieve opinion relative to the war in Vietnam. ber of that year. social justice and social progress for its peo With 200 million people in this country As in other places, Ame·rican labor unions ple. It is, in large measure, the h1story of of ours, there must be at least that many had their beginnings in associations of organized labor's struggle, against seemingly skilled artisans. But more than 100 years impossible odds, for recognition and the differing opinions. I have solidly main- - passed before America's many independent right to represent their membership at the tained that we should never enter a war trade unions joined together to form in 1881 bargaining table. It is a h1story of slowly unless we are prepared to win it. At the the Federation of Organized Trade and Labor mounting victory and frequent temporary same time, we should not commit our Uni:ons. The American Federation of Labor defeat, a history stained with bitterness, dis young men to do all the fighting for the followed in 1886. Another 70 years passed sension, and violence. Yet today, more than free world, without help from our friends before the formation of the AFL-CIO, an 22 Inillion members of American organized and allies. Having spent 2 years in Con historic merger which brought 16 million labor, secure in their right to democratic workers-85 percent of American's union trade unionism and working in cooperation gress studying our involvement in the membership-into a single organization. with management and government, have won Far East, I have never once deviated from American labor unions first amalgamated their rightful share in the economic miracle my position on the prosecution of the t.o help their members counter-balance an that is America's democratic free enterprise war. The press, by using the labels unbridled, unenlightened, even primitive, system. "hawk" and "dove" have confused and but very vigorous capitalism; dynamic en It ls not only American labor that has oversimplified the opinions of many pub trepreneurs yet to understand that the key to come Of age, but American industry as well. lic officials. industrial progress and prosperity lay in the It has realized that it cannot afford a nega establishment of social justice. tive labor policy; that its own best interests This was the era of the 10 and 12-hour day, and those of the nation a.re best served by ADDRESS BY HON. GEORGE J. FELD the six and even seven-day week. The sweat support of and cooperation and negotiation shop, competitive wage cutting, and unregu with a vigorous and responsible body Of MAN, U.S. AMBASSADOR TO LUX lated child and woman labor ruled the day. organized labor. Modern American business EMBOURG, LABOR DAY REMEM And perhaps worst of all, job insecurity and has brought this attitude with it as it ven BRANCE CEREMONY, AMERICAN the ever present spectre of unemployment, tured beyond our shores. I am proud to say MILITARY CEMETERY, HAMM, the result of arbitrary dismissal or uncom that the largest American company operat LUXEMBOURG, SEPTEMBER 2, 1968 pensated injury, confronted the worker. But ing here in Luxembourg practices a positive the American working man came t.o realize and enlightened labor policy and enjoys ex that although there was much opposition, cellent relations with organized labor. HON. JOHN W. McCORMACK conditions could be changed; that the work The lesson of the history of labor in Amer OF MASSACHUSETl'S er's lot could be improved through organized ica has been a hard one, painfully admin cooperative action. istered. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES At that time, management's refusal t.o I would like to leave two bas'iC thoughts Wednesday, September 18, 1968 recognize the legitimate rights of labor to concerning this lesson with you today. First, decent conditions had the support of the America's experience in the field of labor Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, in federal and state legislatures and courts. It management relations and labor and social my remarks I include a splendid address took hard work and dramatic events to legislation points to one overriding truth: delivered on September 2, 1968, by the change this situation. no nation, large or small, can hope to achieve Honorable George J. Feldman, U.S. Am On a cold March day in 1911, a catastrophic social justice and social progress for all its to fire vividly brought home to the American people without a flourishing trade union bassador Luxembourg, to the General people the terrible cost of the swea.tshop- movement, fully recognized by management. Federation of Workers of Luxembourg 146 workers, mostly women, perished in New Secondly, I want to say that the achieve CGT-who gather each year at the York's Triangle Shirtwaist Co. fire. The ments Of organized labor in America have American cemetery in Hamm to hold New York Factory Investigation Commission given a new dimension of meaning to the remembrance ceremonies in honor of grew out of this tragedy and led to improved tenets upon which our nation and political American soldiers who died in World factory conditions. The next year, my n&tive system were founded,: a Government of the War II in Luxembourg. This year, the state of Massachusetts adopted. the nation's People, by the People and for the People. General F€deration invited Ambassador first minimum wage act for women and Ini Let us turn our thoughts once more to Feldman with a suggestion that he make nors. the men who lie interred in this serene field. In 1914, organized labor won legal recogni These brave men Cll"ossed the seas to fight a speech on the American labor move tion of the right t.o strike. Picketing and a war, a war not Of their making, not of ment. In my remarks, I include the other union activities were declared lawful their seeking. They left their native cities, splendid address made by Ambassador and management's use of court injunctions farms and factories because they under Feldman on the American labor move in labor disputes was llinited. stood that any aggressive threat to liberty ment, and stirring remarks in relation Still the road to full union recognition was and the rule of law-conceptually the Vf>Jr'Y to Americans who died in Luxembourg an arduous one, with a long series of re soil in which democratic trade unionism and during World War II, and who are bur verses. social justice have flourished in their own ied at the American cemetery in Hamm, President Franklin D. Roosevelt was a land-must be thwarted no matter how dis which place the meeting and ceremony dynainic, new leader who proinised an end tant or seeiningly remote. They knew then, to the Inisery of the Depression and a New just as we know today, that the jackboot took place. The address follows: Deal for the American worker. The Wagner ADDRESS BY HON. GEORGE J. FELDMAN, U.S. Act of 1935 protected the rights of workers Of aggression and tyranny threatens the AMBASSADOR TO LUXEMBOURG, LABOR DAY to organize and elect representatives for col liberty of tree men everywhere. REMEMBRANCE CEREMONY, AMERICAN Mn.1- lective bargaining. Legislation outlawing TARY CEMETERY, HAMM, LUXEMBOURG, SEP• strike-breaking and establishing Ininimum TEMBER 2, 1968 labor standards for government contracts It is indeed a pleasure and an honor to followed. Management attitudes began to THE "PUEBLO": HOW LONG, join you on these hallowed grounds on this change and in 1937, two American industrial MR. PRESIDENT? Labor Day, 1968. Together we pay homage giants, General Motors and U.S. Steel, led to the memory of thousands of brave Ameri the way by recognizing the Ullited Auto cans-workers, farmers, businessmen, pro Workers and the Steel Worker's Organizing HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE fessionals, students---all fallen in their youth Committee as the bargaining agents for their for a common cause: those ideals of liberty, OJ' IOWA members. Finally, the Fair Labor Standards democracy and freedom we all cherish. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I think 1rt particularly appropriate that Act of 1938 established a federal minimum you have chosen Labor Day to honor the wage and the concept of time and one-half Wednesday, September 18, 1968 memories of these brave men. When we for work over 40 hours. This key Act has been reflect on the fullest meaning of this day, amended over the years and the Federal Mr. SCHER.LE. Mr. Speaker, this is we find that it is a day which commemorates Minimum Wage now stands at $1.50 an hour, the 24oth day the U.S.S. Pueblo and her much for what these men fought and died. three times what it was in 1938. crew have been in North Korean hands. 27540 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 18, 1968 GUN CONTROL LEGISLATION 48 pe:r cent involved angry altercations an extremely permissive amoral philosophy among acquaintances. Twenty-one per cent relative to law and Qrder. Let us take a dif came as a result of lovers quarrels and 17 ferent view. A gun is a protective device in per cent from drinking situations. the hands of a policeman or soldier. For HON. BILL NICHOLS It is obvious in a number of these cases every man to be his own policeman is a OF ALABAMA that without the handy gun, a black eye or a dangerous theory insofar as the extremist is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES bloody nose would have been the sole casual concerned. ty, not the loss of a life. Add to these deaths The whole concept of law and order breaks Wednesday, September 18, 1968 accidental shootings, particularly those where down when such an extremist takes the law Mr. NICHOLS. Mr. Speaker, there are children have easy access to the family fire into his own hands with a rifle in the ghetto. many times in a man's political career arm, and suicides where the presence of a gun It also breaks down in rural areas when in when he finds himself at odds with his was a temptation. Gun control is just good Klan-like organizations the extremist con common sense. siders himself above the law. Gun control personal friends over important issues. Long time FBI Chief J. Edgar Hoover has laws must remove weapons from the reach of Just this week, two good friends of mine said that "those who claim that the ava11- such individuals. have written articles in the Birmingham ab111ty of firearms is not a factor in murders It is extremely late in the day for gun con News expressing their views on the issue in this country are not facing reality." To the trol laws to be passed. But the sound think of gun control. Dr. Edward Williamson, often-used old wives' argument that gun reg ing of J. Edgar Hoover and of Attorney Gen associate professor of history at Auburn istration is a confiscatory measure, former eral Ramsey Clark must prevail. For those University, favors strong gun control astronaut John H. Glenn Jr., answers that who advocate gun control an organization it would be "no more inconvenience than li now exists, The Emergency Committee for legislation. Dr. Williamson and I served censes for our dogs or the operation of our Gun Control, 1628 K Street, N.W., Washing in the Army together in World War II. cars." ton, D.C. 20006. Its chairman is John Glenn, Earl Kennamer, extension wildlife spe Although automobiles cause many deaths Jr. cialist at Auburn University, opposes fur and injuries each year, the utmty of a car ther restrictions on the ownership of is transportation. It is not a weapon. Even so PERSPECTIVE: THE CAMPUS VIEW-GUN CON guns. Earl is one of the best hunters in drivers are given written and practical tests. TROL WILL NOT SOLVE NATION'S MURDERS the South. Cars are registered in all states and given (EDITOR'S NoTE.-The following is one of a My own position on the gun control safety tests in the more progressive. series of interpretive articles on topics of These precautionary regulations have current interest by members of the faculties question is clear. I have oppcsed Federal saved countless lives. The prime purpose of Alabama's universties.) legislation here in the Congress. Most of a gun is to kill. It is not as American as (By Earl F. Kennamer, extensive wildlife States have some type of gun control apple pie; in the house it should be treated specialist, Auburn University) laws, and these should be strengthened if the same as drugs and poisons and kept out Citizens who hunt with firearms or who the State legislatures feel it is necessary. of the reach of children. Toy guns in making keep guns for protection are undergoing But for the sake of airing both sides of a weapon a desirable possession to a child do unjust persecution by antigun enthusiasts this question, I insert the two articles by much to perpetuate disrespect for human capitalizing on recent assassinations of two my friends who take opposing sides on life. public figures. this question: GUNS AND HUNTING Anti-gun legislation is nothing new. Ab Hunting today is a luxury sport, no longer surdities have been offered alm<>&t annually FIREARMS CONTROL: THERE REALLY Is No necessary for subsistence. Instead of hunters as bills in Congress to hamper firearms CHOICE passing tests in gun safety, hunting licenses ownership. Happily, reason prevailed and the (EDITOR'S NoTE.-The following is one of a are merely fee receipts. Yet hunting itself is American hunter persuaded legislators to kill series of interpretive articles on topics of cur carefully controlled by conservation experts. thesebms. rent interest by members of the faculties of Wild animals are protected by quantitative But national leaders recently pressed the Alabama's universities.) rules and closed seasons. Perhaps we should panic button. As a result, we have legislation (By Dr. Edward C. Williamson, associate have a closed season on human beings; man to curb mail order purchases of rifles and professor of history, Auburn University) is the only higher animal to kill his own shotguns. This means the discriminating We Americans are at a fork in the road. species, deliberately. hunter might not be able to purchase top Violence must be curbed if law and order are Gun lobby and sportsmen interests would grade double barrel shotguns, handmade by to triumph. Gun control has been needed in have us believe that they founded conser the finest European craftsmen. this country since the Paxton Boys, armed vation. History tells us otherwise. Systematic "Control guns and you'll control crime," is frontier ruffians, terrorized Philadelphia in exterinination of wildlife had reached epic a cry of anti-gun legislation promoters. 1741. Two hundred twenty-seven years later dimensions in 1901. The hunters would have But in 1966 only 3.4 per cent of the those who oppose any controls on firearms had nothing left to hunt had they depended 3,243,000 serious crimes committed in the say that we should not be hasty. We have not on self regulation. U.S. involved all firearms, in
SENATE-Thursday, September 19, 1968 The Senate met at 12 noon, and was crashing systems, Thy voice in and The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With called to order by the President pro through the change and confusion of our out objection, it is so ordered. tempare. day. . The Chaplain, Rev. F'rederick Brown For Thine is the kingdom, and the Harris, D.D., offered the following power, and the glory. Amen. LIMITA-'TION ON STATEMENTS DUR prayer: · ING TRANSACTION OF ROUTINE MORNING BUSINESS Our Father God, Thou hast ordained THE JOURNAL that in the leadership of the Nation the Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Pres care of the many must ever rest upan Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. · Mr. ident, I ask unanimous consent that the few. We beseech Thee, give under President, I ask unanimous consent that statements in relation to the transaction standing, humility, and charity to them the reading of the Journal' of the pro of routine morning business be limited who, in the name and for the Nation's ceedings of Wednesday, September 18, to 3 minutes. sake, are entrusted here with the pawer 1968, be dispensed with. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With of governance. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With out objection, it is so ordered. Thy mercy is broader than the measure out objection, it is so ordered. of ·man's mind. Spirit of God, descend MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT upon our hearts. Lead us this day in the RECEIVED DURING ADJOURNMENT paths of righteousness for Thy name's SUBCOMMITTEE MEETING DURING SENATE SESSION ~ake. Under authority of the order of the Bowing at this wayside altar of Thy Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. Pres Senate of September 18, 1968, the Secre grace, may we be vividly conscious that ident, I ask unanimous consent that tary of the Senate received the following we need not turn back to bygone centuries the Subcommittee on Business and Com message from the President of the United to hear Thy voice, as if Thou dost speak merce of the Committee on the District States, on September 18, 1968: no longer to those now upon the earth. of Columbia be authorized to meet dur I nominate Albert Bushong Brooke, Jr., of Give us ears to hear above the noise of ing the session of the Senate today. Maryland, to be a member of the Federal