1 the Nature and the Identity of the Constitution During the Minority Of
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First Evidence of Farming Appears; Stone Axes, Antler Combs, Pottery in Common Use
BC c.5000 - Neolithic (new stone age) Period begins; first evidence of farming appears; stone axes, antler combs, pottery in common use. c.4000 - Construction of the "Sweet Track" (named for its discoverer, Ray Sweet) begun; many similar raised, wooden walkways were constructed at this time providing a way to traverse the low, boggy, swampy areas in the Somerset Levels, near Glastonbury; earliest-known camps or communities appear (ie. Hembury, Devon). c.3500-3000 - First appearance of long barrows and chambered tombs; at Hambledon Hill (Dorset), the primitive burial rite known as "corpse exposure" was practiced, wherein bodies were left in the open air to decompose or be consumed by animals and birds. c.3000-2500 - Castlerigg Stone Circle (Cumbria), one of Britain's earliest and most beautiful, begun; Pentre Ifan (Dyfed), a classic example of a chambered tomb, constructed; Bryn Celli Ddu (Anglesey), known as the "mound in the dark grove," begun, one of the finest examples of a "passage grave." c.2500 - Bronze Age begins; multi-chambered tombs in use (ie. West Kennet Long Barrow) first appearance of henge "monuments;" construction begun on Silbury Hill, Europe's largest prehistoric, man-made hill (132 ft); "Beaker Folk," identified by the pottery beakers (along with other objects) found in their single burial sites. c.2500-1500 - Most stone circles in British Isles erected during this period; pupose of the circles is uncertain, although most experts speculate that they had either astronomical or ritual uses. c.2300 - Construction begun on Britain's largest stone circle at Avebury. c.2000 - Metal objects are widely manufactured in England about this time, first from copper, then with arsenic and tin added; woven cloth appears in Britain, evidenced by findings of pins and cloth fasteners in graves; construction begun on Stonehenge's inner ring of bluestones. -
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WAR, GOVERNMENT AND ARISTOCRACY IN THE BRITISH ISLES, c.1150–1500 Essays in Honour of Michael Prestwich Edited by Chris Given-Wilson Ann Kettle Len Scales THE BOYDELL PRESS © Contributors 2008 All rights reserved. Except as permitted under current legislation no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast, transmitted, recorded or reproduced in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the copyright owner First published 2008 The Boydell Press, Woodbridge ISBN 978–1–84383–389–5 The Boydell Press is an imprint of Boydell & Brewer Ltd PO Box 9, Woodbridge, Suffolk IP12 3DF, UK and of Boydell & Brewer Inc. 668 Mt Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620, USA website: www.boydellandbrewer.com A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library This publication is printed on acid-free paper Printed in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire The Career of Godfrey of Crowcombe: Household Knight of King John and Steward of King Henry III David Carpenter A major theme in the work of Michael Prestwich, as in that of his father, J. O. Prestwich, has been the importance of the king’s household knights. In his first book, War, Politics and Finance under Edward I, published in 1972, Michael asked and answered such key questions as ‘how were [knights] recruited for the household, how long did they serve, and what were their rewards?’ He showed that the knights, a body about 100 strong in 1284–5, formed the core of royal armies, and ‘might also be used on matters of state quite unconnected with the business of campaigning’. -
'Building Break' in the White Tower of London
PAUSE AND CAUSE: THE ‘BUILDING BREAK’ IN THE WHITE TOWER OF LONDON Derek Renn SUMMARY The various types of dating evidence employed are summarised in a diagram by Reappraisal of the published evidence for the dates Harris (2008, 44), although his arrowheads of the break in the construction of the White Tower, do not mark absolute date limits. The claimed to have lasted from about 1080 until about dendrochronological ‘middle range’ of the 1090, suggests that its duration might have been drawbar socket lining which he used is 1049— much shorter. This pause may have been linked to a 81. Gundulf (appointed bishop of Rochester design change in St John’s Chapel; the neighbouring in 1077) may have been involved with the Wardrobe Tower may have previously served as an White Tower project at any time between his Anglo-Saxon chapel. The probable reasons for the break arrival in England in 1070 and his death in in construction of the White Tower and the evidence 1108 (Harris 2008, 42—5). He was concerned for a contemporary interruption in the building of the with caring for the poor in London, after the great tower at Colchester (Essex) are discussed. widespread famine in 1070 (Swanton 1996, 204, 207; Brett 2004, 235). The capitals in INTRODUCTION the chapel cannot be dated as closely as 1074x1080 (Phase 1) and 1090x1094 (Phase Among the discoveries made during the 2) nor need be separated by a decade. The White Tower Recording and Research Project watercolour on the cover of this volume during the White Tower’s refurbishment shows one and a half capitals of Phase 1 to were traces of a significant break in build- the right, and two of Phase 2 to the left. -
A Short History of Colchester Castle
Colchester Borough Council Colchester and Ipswich Museum Service A SHORT HISTORY OF COLCHESTER CASTLE 1066, the defeat of the English by the invading army of Duke William of Normandy. After his victory at the Battle of Hastings, William strengthened his hold on the defeated English by ordering castles to be built throughout the country. Colchester was chosen for its port and its important military position controlling the southern access to East Anglia. In 1076 work began on Colchester Castle, the first royal stone castle to be built by William in England. The castle was built around the ruins of the colossal Temple of Claudius using the Roman temple vaults as its base, parts of which can be seen to this day. As a result the castle is the largest ever built by the Normans. It was constructed mainly of building material from Colchester's Roman ruins with some imported stone. Most of the red brick in the castle was taken from Roman buildings. England, William's newly won possession, was soon under threat from another invader, King Cnut of Denmark. The castle had only been built to first floor level when it had to be hastily strengthened with battlements. The invasion never came and work resumed on the castle which was finally completed to three or four storeys in 1125. The castle came under attack in 1216 when it was besieged for three months and eventually captured by King John after he broke his agreement with the rebellious nobles (Magna Carta). By 1350, however, its military importance had declined and the building was mainly used as a prison. -
Abshier - Music Genealogy Page 1
Abshier - Music Genealogy Page 1 No. 1 on this chart is the same as no. 1 on chart no. 1 Chart no. 1 8 Joseph Bentley Abshier b. 25 Jan 1891 cont. 2 p. m. 24 Dec 1911 4 Ernie Clifton Abshier Sr p. b. 31 Aug 1914 d. 17 May 1976 p. p. m. 18 Jun 1942 p. 9 Ethel Euraine Reavis d. Apr 2006 b. 8 Feb 1891 cont. 3 p. p. d. 26 Jun 1975 2 Joseph (Jay) Bentley Abshier II p. b. p. m. p. 10 Charles Cleveland White d. b. 30 Jul 1885 cont. 4 p. p. m. 5 Jan 1922 5 Mary Etta White p. b. d. 30 Nov 1966 p. p. d. p. 11 Ruth Lyon b. 4 Sep 1900 cont. 5 p. d. 28 Dec 1965 1 Claire Elizabeth Abshier p. b. p. m. p. 12 John Henry Music d. b. 1902 cont. 6 p. p. sp. m. 1924 6 Robert Boyd Music p. b. 1927 d. 1986 p. p. m. p. 13 Avis Ruth Cutright d. 1996 b. 26 Sep 1904 cont. 7 p. Oklahoma City, Canadian, Oklahoma, USA p. Palace Valley, West Virginia d. 1 Nov 1975 3 Sherri Renea Music p. Cordell, Oklahoma b. p. d. p. 14 Ira Wilbur Franklin b. 1898 cont. 8 p. m. 3 Jan 1926 7 Annetta Mae Franklin p. Gotebo, Kiowa, Oklahoma, USA b. d. 1972 p. p. d. p. 15 Christine Dunn b. 1905 cont. 9 p. d. 1987 p. Produced by Legacy on 3 Oct 2010 Abshier - Music Genealogy Page 2 No. -
Accounts of the Constables of Bristol Castle
BRISTOL RECORD SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS General Editor: PROFESSOR PATRICK MCGRATH, M.A., Assistant General Editor: MISS ELIZABETH RALPH, M .A., F.S.A. VOL. XXXIV ACCOUNTS OF THE CONSTABLES OF BRISTOL CASTLE IN 1HE THIRTEENTH AND EARLY FOURTEENTH CENTURIES ACCOUNTS OF THE CONSTABLES OF BRISTOL CASTLE IN THE THIR1EENTH AND EARLY FOUR1EENTH CENTURIES EDITED BY MARGARET SHARP Printed for the BRISTOL RECORD SOCIETY 1982 ISSN 0305-8730 © Margaret Sharp Produced for the Society by A1an Sutton Publishing Limited, Gloucester Printed in Great Britain by Redwood Burn Limited Trowbridge CONTENTS Page Abbreviations VI Preface XI Introduction Xlll Pandulf- 1221-24 1 Ralph de Wiliton - 1224-25 5 Burgesses of Bristol - 1224-25 8 Peter de la Mare - 1282-84 10 Peter de la Mare - 1289-91 22 Nicholas Fermbaud - 1294-96 28 Nicholas Fermbaud- 1300-1303 47 Appendix 1 - Lists of Lords of Castle 69 Appendix 2 - Lists of Constables 77 Appendix 3 - Dating 94 Bibliography 97 Index 111 ABBREVIATIONS Abbrev. Plac. Placitorum in domo Capitulari Westmon asteriensi asservatorum abbrevatio ... Ed. W. Dlingworth. Rec. Comm. London, 1811. Ann. Mon. Annales monastici Ed. H.R. Luard. 5v. (R S xxxvi) London, 1864-69. BBC British Borough Charters, 1216-1307. Ed. A. Ballard and J. Tait. 3v. Cambridge 1913-43. BOAS Bristol and Gloucestershire Archaeological Society Transactions (Author's name and the volume number quoted. Full details in bibliography). BIHR Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research. BM British Museum - Now British Library. Book of Fees Liber Feodorum: the Book of Fees com monly called Testa de Nevill 3v. HMSO 1920-31. Book of Seals Sir Christopher Hatton's Book of Seals Ed. -
Template:Ælfgifu Theories Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Template:Ælfgifu Theories from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
2/6/2016 Template:Ælfgifu theories Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Template:Ælfgifu theories From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Family tree, showing two theories relating Aelgifu to Eadwig, King of England Æthelred Æthelwulf Mucel King of Osburh Ealdorman Eadburh Wessex of the Gaini ?–839858 fl. 867895 Alfred Æthelred I the Great Æthelbald Burgred Æthelberht Æthelwulf Æthelstan King of King of the King of King of Æthelswith King of Ealhswith Ealdorman King of Kent Wessex Anglo Wessex Mercia d. 888 Wessex d. 902 of the Gaini ?–839855 c.848–865 Saxons ?–856860 ?–852874 ?–860865 d. 901 871 849–871 899 Edward the Elder Æthelfrith King of the (2)Ælfflæd Ealdorman Æthelhelm Æthelwold (1)Ecgwynn (3)Eadgifu Æthelgyth Anglo fl. 900s of S. Mercia fl. 880s d. 901 fl. 890s x903–966x fl. 903 Saxons 910s fl. 883 c.875–899 904/915 924 unknown Æthelstan Æthelstan Edmund I Eadric Eadred Ælfstan HalfKing Æthelwald King of King of Ealdorman King of Ealdorman Ealdorman Ealdorman unknown Æthelgifu the English the English of Wessex the English of Mercia of East of Kent c.894–924 921–939 fl. 942 923946955 fl. 930934 Anglia fl. 940946 939 946 949 fl. 932956 Eadwig Edgar I Æthelwald Æthelwine AllFair the Peaceful Æthelweard Ælfgifu Ealdorman Ealdorman King of King of historian ? Ælfweard Ælfwaru fl. 956x957 of East of East England England d. c.998 971 Anglia Anglia c.940955 c.943–959 d. 962 d. 992 959 975 Two theories for the relationship of Ælfgifu and Eadwig King of England, whose marriage was annulled in 958 on grounds of consanguinuity. -
Famouskin.Com Relationship Chart of Beyoncé Singer and Movie Actress 38Th Great-Granddaughter of Charlemagne King of the Franks
FamousKin.com Relationship Chart of Beyoncé Singer and Movie Actress 38th Great-granddaughter of Charlemagne King of the Franks Charlemagne Hildegard of Vinzgouw Pepin, King of Italy - - - - - - - - - - - Bernard of Italy Cunegonde of Laon Pepin of Vermandois - - - - - - - - - - - Herbert I of Vermandois Bertha de Morvois Beatrice of Vermandois Robert I, King of France Hugh the Great Hedwig of Saxony Hugh Capet Adelaide of Aquitaine FamousKin.comA © 2010-2021 FamousKin.com Page 1 of 5 27 Sep 2021 FamousKin.com Relationship Chart of Beyoncé to Charlemagne A Robert II, King of France Constance of Arles Henry I, King of France Anne of Kiev Philip I, King of France Berthe of Holland Louis VI, King of France Adelaide de Savoy Louis VII, King of France Adèle of Champagne Philip II Auguste, King of France Isabella of Hainault Louis VIII, King of France Blanche of Castile Robert I, Count of Artois Matilda of Brabant Robert II, Count of Artois Amicie de Courtenay Philip I, Count of Artois FamousKin.comBlanche of Brittany B © 2010-2021 FamousKin.com Page 2 of 5 27 Sep 2021 FamousKin.com Relationship Chart of Beyoncé to Charlemagne B Jeanne of Artois Gaston I, Count de Foix and Bigorre Roger Bernard I de Foix Constance de Luna Roger Bertrand II de Foix Girarde de Navailles Isabel de Foix Archibaud de Grailly Jean III, Count de Foix and Bigorre - - - - - - - - - - - Bernard de Béarn-Bonasse Catherine de Viella Jean de Béarn-Bonasse - - - - - - - - - - - Bertrand de Béarn-Bonasse Marie de Bescat Probable François de Béarn-Bonasse Marie de Sacaze Henri -
Appendix 1: Monastic and Religious Foundations in Thirteenth-Centur Y
APPENDIX 1: MONASTIC AND RELIGIOUS FOUNDATIONS IN THIRTEENTH-CENTURY FLANDERS AND HAINAUT Affiliation: Arrouaise Name Date of Foundation MenlWomen Eeckhout c. 1060/1146 Arrouaise Men Choques 1120/1138 Arrouaise Men Cysoing 855/1132 Arrouaise Men Phalernpin 1039/1145 Arrouaise Men Saint-Jean Baptiste c. 680/1142 Arrouaise Men Saint-Ni colas des Pres 1125/1140 Arrouaise Men Warneton 1066/1142 Arrouaise Men Zoetendale 1162/1215 re-founded Men Zonnebeke 1072/1142 Arrouaise Men Affiliation: Augustinian Canons Name Date of Foundation MenlWomen Saint-Aubert 963/1066 reforrned Men Saint-Marie, Voormezele 1069/1110 reforrned Men Saint-Martin, Ypres 1012/1102 reformed Men Saint-Pierre de Loo c. 1050/1093 reformed Men Saint-Pierre et Saint-Vaast c. 1091 Men Affiliation: Beguines Name Date cf Foundation MenlWomen Aardenburg 1249 Wornen Audenarde 1272 Wornen Bardonck, Y pres 1271/1273 Wornen Bergues 1259 Wornen 118 WOMEN, POWER, AND RELIGIOUS PATRONAGE Binehe 1248 Wornen Briel, Y pres 1240 Wornen Carnbrai 1233 Wornen Charnpfleury, Douai 1251 Wornen Damme 1259 Wornen Deinze 1273 Wornen Diksrnuide 1273 Wornen Ijzendijke 1276 Wornen Maubeuge 1273 Wornen Cantirnpre, Mons 1245 Wornen Orehies 1267 Wornen Portaaker (Ghent) 1273 Wornen Quesnoy 1246 Wornen Saint-Aubert (Bruges) 1270 Wornen Sainte-Elisabeth (Courtrai) 1242 Wornen Sainte-Elisabeth (Ghent) 1234 Wornen Sainte-Elisabeth (Lilie) 1244/1245 Wornen Sainte-Elisabeth (Valeneiennes) 1239 Wornen Ter Hooie (Ghent) 1262 Wornen Tournai 1241 Wornen Wetz (Douai) 1245 Wornen Wijngaard (Bruges) 1242 Wornen Affiliation: Benedictine Name Date oJ Foundation Men/Women Anehin 1079 Men Notre-Darne d'Avesnes 1028 Wornen Bergues Saint-Winoe 1028 Men Bourbourg c. 1099 Wornen Notre-Darne de Conde e. -
This Site (Generic PDF)
Kathleen Kirkwood Sampler #2 This Sampler contains: The Prologue and the first three chapters of The Valiant Heart, The Prologue and first five chapters of The Defiant Heart, The Prologue and first three chapters of The Captive Heart. Table of Contents Kathleen Kirkwood Sampler #2 The Valiant Heart Dedication Author's Notes Prologue Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 The Story Continues! The Defiant Heart Dedication Author’s Appreciation Prologue Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 The Story Continues! The Captive Heart Dedication Author’s Appreciation Author’s Note Prologue Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 The Story Continues! Author Biography Also Available Coming in Late 2013 ©Copyright 1991, 2013 by Anita Gordon Revised Edition, 2013 All rights reserved. This eBook sample may not be incorporated, in part or whole into any other work without express written permission of the author or publisher. License Notes: This eBook sample is intended for your personal enjoyment. This eBook sample may not be sold, but it may be given away to other people, as long as it is not changed in any manner. This novel is a work of fiction. Names, characters, places, and incidents, other than those in attributed quotations or references, are either products of the author’s imagination or are used fictitiously. All characters are fictional and any similarity to people living or dead is purely coincidental. Cover art: edhgraphics Model images licensed from Jimmy Thomas at www.romancenovelcovers.com. THE VALIANT HEART Winner of the Golden Heart Award “Wonderful historical fantasy; I read it with avid enjoyment!” — Roberta Gellis, bestselling author of Fires of Winter “Exciting and heartrending, touched with warmth and humor. -
Family Tree 8/02 Large
Pepin I Lord of Brabant Mayor unknown King LouisVII of Eleanor of Aquitaine Kenneth I King of of the Palace France Scots BEF 844 (1122 – 1204) of Austrasia d. 647 b.1120-1180 Hermangarde Hugh “The Black” Adelaide son of Louis VI of Also the wife of Henry II Robert I King of France Manasses de Vergi b. ? d. 920 Duke of Burgundy of Burgundy France and Adélaide unknown spouse Father: Boso of Burgundy Ermangarde of Thouars Ansegus Lord of Brabant Adelheid, Princess of France 882-921 father: Thierry II Count of Chaunois Mother: Trungard Princess of the West 884- Giselbert Count and Orleans Begga of of Darnau Margrave of Scheldt 830- 892 King Philip II of Constantine I King of Scots d. 685 Brabant Hildebrante /Liegarde Giselbert of Chalon Ermandgarde of France Herbert II Count de Vermandois 884-943 Lothair I King of Italy Emperor 865- ? b.1165-1223 Princess of France 895- 931 Duke of Burgundy Burgundy Hersent Princess of France Regnier I Duke of Lorraine of the West 795- 855 unknown spouse Roscille de Loches de Willandri Father: Herbert I Count of Senlis Count of Hainaut Hellentrude Pepin II “the Fat” Elfide 654-?/ 890- 956 908- ? Father: Charles II of Moselle 830- ? Father: Louis I The Pious Emperor of 874-? Mayor of the Palace “The Bald” Emperor of the West 850- 916 France Isabelle of Hainaut or Alpais - Mother: Adelaide of Herestal concubine 1170-1190 Donald II King of Scots b.631 d. 714 Fulk I “The Red” of Anjou King of Jerusalem 870- 942 Giselbert Duke Gerberga of Alfonso VIII, king of Castile unknown spouse Heribert “Nuestra” Charles Martel “The Hammer King” of the Gerberga Princess of Lorraine Saxony Mechtilde Saint of 1155-1214 “Count of Laon” Robert de Vermandois Adelaide of Albert “The Pious” 890- 939 925- 984 Ringleheim King Louis VIII of France Franks / Mayor of the palaces of Chrotrud of Gerberga of Gatinais 913- 960 of Lorraine Count of Troyes Burgundy Count of Vermandois 935-? Eleanor of England b.1162-1214 b.1187-1226 Austrasia, Neustria and Burgundy d. -
How Did Henry Bracton's Writing Reflect the Status of Kingship And
The Frontiers of Society, Science and Technology ISSN 2616-7433 Vol. 2, Issue 10: 104-107, DOI: 10.25236/FSST.2020.021020 How Did Henry Bracton’s Writing Reflect the Status of Kingship and barons’ Power in Medieval England? Xue Aiyi Shanghai Shixi Highschool, Shanghai 200040, China ABSTRACT. Status and change of kingship and barons’ power in medieval England have a significant effect in the development of western society, politics, and justice. Thus, opinions and records form jurists in medieval England partially reflected the change in nature of justice and society, which led absolute monarchy to become constitutional monarchy. On the basis of previous studies, this paper specifically focus on writings of Henry de Bracton, an English jurist, aiming to provide further distinctive opinions by analyzing his writings. The content of this paper is divided into three parts altogether: The first part is chapter one, introducing Henry de Bracton, his works, and their value for understanding nature of justice and society status in medieval England. The second part is from chapter two to chapter five, analyzing status of kingship and barons’ power reflected in De Legibus et Consuetudinibus Angliae, Magna Carta, and Bracton’s notebook, detailly interpreting the legal articles and practical law cases in medieval England. The third part is chapter six, concluding the whole paper and summing up main arguments. KEYWORDS: Medieval england, Henry de bracton, Kingship, Barons’power 1. Introduction Henry de Bracton (c.1210-1268) was an English jurist. As the Magna Carta was signed in 1215, it can be deduced that he lived in the period that barons began to have conflicts with the kingship in England, and it was also the time period that the Angevin Empire appeared to be declining.