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An Updated Checklist of Aquatic Plants of Myanmar and Thailand
Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1019 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1019 Taxonomic paper An updated checklist of aquatic plants of Myanmar and Thailand Yu Ito†, Anders S. Barfod‡ † University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand ‡ Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Corresponding author: Yu Ito ([email protected]) Academic editor: Quentin Groom Received: 04 Nov 2013 | Accepted: 29 Dec 2013 | Published: 06 Jan 2014 Citation: Ito Y, Barfod A (2014) An updated checklist of aquatic plants of Myanmar and Thailand. Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1019. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1019 Abstract The flora of Tropical Asia is among the richest in the world, yet the actual diversity is estimated to be much higher than previously reported. Myanmar and Thailand are adjacent countries that together occupy more than the half the area of continental Tropical Asia. This geographic area is diverse ecologically, ranging from cool-temperate to tropical climates, and includes from coast, rainforests and high mountain elevations. An updated checklist of aquatic plants, which includes 78 species in 44 genera from 24 families, are presented based on floristic works. This number includes seven species, that have never been listed in the previous floras and checklists. The species (excluding non-indigenous taxa) were categorized by five geographic groups with the exception of to reflect the rich diversity of the countries' floras. Keywords Aquatic plants, flora, Myanmar, Thailand © Ito Y, Barfod A. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. -
Motivations and Resources of Small-Scale Farmers for Staying in Their Village in Northeast Thailand
Journal of Asian Rural Studies, 2019, 3(1): 35-47 ISSN: 2548-3269 Published by Hasanuddin University and Asian Rural Sociology Association MOTIVATIONS AND RESOURCES OF SMALL-SCALE FARMERS FOR STAYING IN THEIR VILLAGE IN NORTHEAST THAILAND Masatoshi Uehara Keio Research Institute at SFC, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0882, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] Citation: Uehara, M., 2019. Reasons for Staying on: Motivation and Resources of Small-scale Farmers in Rural Northeast Thailand. J. Asian Rur. Stud. 3(1): 35-47 Abstract: This study aims to examine one simple question: Why do some small-scale farmers in rural, northeast Thailand keep staying on in their villages despite the fact that they could earn a much higher income if they worked in urban areas? To answer this question, this study which is based on first-hand observations from nine years of intensive fieldwork in rural, northeast Thailand provides a detailed description of the small-scale farmers’ resources that enable them to sustain a living and also provides them motivations to stay in their village. The decision to stay on in the village and forgo the option to move out in pursuit of a higher income may seem irrational in the opinion of economists. However, the author, by employing the “capability approach” argument by A. Sen, argues that their behaviour could be understood as efforts of pursuing “lives worth living” (as expressed in his later work as an architect of the UN’s “human security” program) and not solely profit maximisation. Their efforts include establishing “community groups” and practising “sustainable agriculture” including “organic farming” and “integrated farming”. -
Evidence from the Garment Industry in Northeast Thailand
UNIVERSITY OF WAIKATO Hamilton New Zealand The Business of Social Responsibility: Evidence from the Garment Industry in Northeast Thailand Steven Lim and Michael P. Cameron Department of Economics Working Paper in Economics 25/07 December 2007, revised May 2008 Steven Lim Economics Department University of Waikato Private Bag 3105 Hamilton, New Zealand. Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.mngt.waikato.ac.nz Michael P. Cameron Economics Department and Population Studies Centre University of Waikato Hamilton, New Zealand Email: [email protected] Web: http://www.mngt.waikato.ac.nz Abstract Many business managers demonstrate a reluctance to engage fully with corporate social responsibility (CSR). They often perceive CSR as a cost and their CSR activities tend to be piecemeal and defensive. Such suboptimal outcomes can stem from a failure to appreciate a firm’s social assets. We suggest that firms have the potential to engage much more fully with CSR, in a manner that is consistent with a profit-maximizing approach to business. But managers need help in both gaining an awareness of the social contributions that they can make and in navigating their way through CSR issues. To this end, we outline a program of four-Ds, namely dialogue, data, design and delivery, to assist managers integrate CSR issues into their overall business strategies. Our case study of the garment industry in Thailand illustrates how CSR issues can be leveraged to increase worker productivity and deliver positive social and community health outcomes, despite operating in an area that is often subject to criticism. Keywords corporate social responsibility social contracts rural development Thailand JEL Classification I18, I38, L31, M14 Acknowledgements We are indebted to Anna Strutt for her comments and helpful suggestions. -
The Cross Thai-Cambodian Border's Commerce Between 1863
ISSN 2411-9571 (Print) European Journal of Economics September-December 2017 ISSN 2411-4073 (online) and Business Studies Volume 3, Issue 3 The Cross Thai-Cambodian Border’s Commerce Between 1863 -1953 from the View of French’s Documents Nathaporn Thaijongrak, Ph.D Lecturer of Department of History, Faculty of Social Sciences, Srinakharinwirot University Abstract The purpose of this research aims to study and collect data with detailed information of the cross Thai- Cambodian border’s commerce in the past from French’s documents and to provide information as a guideline for potential development of Thai-Cambodian Border Trade. The method used in this research is the qualitative research. The research instrument used historical methods by collecting information from primary and secondary sources, then to analysis process. The research discovered the pattern of trade between Cambodia and Siam that started to be affected when borders were established. Since Cambodia was under French’s rule as one of French’s nation, France tried to delimit and demarcate the boundary lines which divided the community that once cohabitated into a community under new nation state. In each area, traditions, rules and laws are different, but people lived along the border continued to bring their goods to exchange for their livings. This habit is still continuing, even the living communities are divided into different countries. For such reason, it was the source of "Border trade” in western concept. The Thai-Cambodian border’s trade during that period under the French protectorate of Cambodia was effected because of the rules and law which illustrated the sovereignty of the land. -
List of Thai Green Label Update February, 2017
List of Thai Green Label Update February, 2017 123 Valid Product Criteria of Green Label No. Product Criteria No. Product Criteria 1 Recycled plastics TGL-01-R2-12 63 Electric thermo pot TGL-63-12 2 Fluorescent lamps TGL-2-R4-15 64 Vacuum TGL-64-12 3 Refrigerators TGL-3-R3-11 65 Hand Dryer TGL-65-12 4 Paints TGL-4-R3-14 66 Fabric Softeners TGL-66-12 5 Ceramic Sanitary Wares : Water Closets TGL-5-R3-11 67 Secondary batteries for portable applications TGL-67-12 6 Primary Battery TGL-6-R1-10 68 Car Battery TGL-68-12 7 Room Air Conditioner TGL-7-R3-14 69 Furniture TGL-69-12 8 Paper TGL-8-R2-11 70 Doors and Windows TGL-70-12 9 Printing and writing paper TGL-8/1-15 71 Rubber Floorcovering TGL-71/1-12 10 Sprays with zero ODP & GWP substances TGL-9-R1-06 72 Plastic Floorcovering TGL-71/2-12 11 Laundry Detergent Products TGL-10-R1-10 73 Lubricant oil change service station TGL-72-12 12 Faucets and Water Saving TGL-11-R2-11 74 Electric rice-cooker TGL-73-12 13 Computers TGL-12-R2-15 75 Luminaires for double-capped fluorescent lamp TGL-74-12 14 Clothes Washing Machines for Household Use TGL-13-R2-12 76 Stamps, Stamp ink, and Stamp pads TGL-75-13 15 Building Materials: Thermal Insulation TGL-14-R1-11 77 Adhesive TGL-76-13 16 Rubber Insulations TGL-14/2-R1-11 78 Paper printing service TGL-77-13 17 Motors TGL-15-98 79 Cleaning service TGL-78-13 18 Products Made from Cloth TGL-16-R1-11 80 Meeting, Seminar, and Training Services TGL-79-13 19 Laundry Services and Dry Cleaning Services TGL-17-R1-13 81 Photocopier leasing service TGL-80-13 20 Shampoo TGL-18-R1-11 -
Farmers and Forests: a Changing Phase in Northeast Thailand
Southeast Asian Studies, Vo1.38, No.3, December 2000 Farmers and Forests: A Changing Phase in Northeast Thailand Buared PRACHAIYO * * The author was a forest ecologist at Khon Kaen Regional Forest Office of the Royal Forestry Department of Thailand, and joined CSEAS as a visiting research fellow from May 1995 to April 1996. On October 28, 1996 he passed away in Thailand. - 3 - 271 Contents Preface ( 5 ) 1. Introduction ( 6 ) 2. Northeast Thailand .. (14) 1. Area (14) 2. Farmers (22) 3. Forest (29) 4. l.and Utilization (38) 5. Paddy Fields (43) 3. Farmers' Use of Forest and Encroachment into the Forests (50) 1. Wood Products (50) 2. Non-wood Forest Products··············································...................................................... (53) 3. Forest Degradation (61) 4. Man and Forest Interaction (72) 1. Fuel-wood (72) 2. Community Forest (79) 3. Forest Conservation by the Farmers (92) 4. Trees on Paddy Fields (105) 5. Mitigation of Forest Degradation (122) 5. The Role of Forest in the Socio-economic Life of the Farmers (134) 1. Trees and Farmers (134) 2. Trees and Paddy Fields (137) 3. Farmers, Trees and Paddy Fields (138) 4. Trees and Home Economy of Farmers (141) 5. Farmers and Society (144) 6. Conclusion and Proposals (146) 1. Conclusion (146) 2. Recommendations (148) Bibliography . (153) Appendix I (157) Appendix II (176) 272 - 4 - Preface Writing a preface for this special paper by the late Mr. Buared Prachaiyo is a sorrowful task for me. This paper would have been his doctoral dissertation if he were alive. I met Mr. Buared for the first time on January 19, 1991 at Khon Kaen Regional Forest Office of Royal Forestry Department of Thailand, where he worked as a forest ecologist. -
Title Farmers and Forests : a Changing Phase in Northeast Thailand
Title Farmers and Forests : A Changing Phase in Northeast Thailand Author(s) Prachaiyo, Buared Citation 東南アジア研究 (2000), 38(3): 271-446 Issue Date 2000-12 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/56758 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Southeast Asian Studies, Vo1.38, No.3, December 2000 Farmers and Forests: A Changing Phase in Northeast Thailand Buared PRACHAIYO * * The author was a forest ecologist at Khon Kaen Regional Forest Office of the Royal Forestry Department of Thailand, and joined CSEAS as a visiting research fellow from May 1995 to April 1996. On October 28, 1996 he passed away in Thailand. - 3 - 271 Contents Preface ( 5 ) 1. Introduction ( 6 ) 2. Northeast Thailand .. (14) 1. Area (14) 2. Farmers (22) 3. Forest (29) 4. l.and Utilization (38) 5. Paddy Fields (43) 3. Farmers' Use of Forest and Encroachment into the Forests (50) 1. Wood Products (50) 2. Non-wood Forest Products··············································...................................................... (53) 3. Forest Degradation (61) 4. Man and Forest Interaction (72) 1. Fuel-wood (72) 2. Community Forest (79) 3. Forest Conservation by the Farmers (92) 4. Trees on Paddy Fields (105) 5. Mitigation of Forest Degradation (122) 5. The Role of Forest in the Socio-economic Life of the Farmers (134) 1. Trees and Farmers (134) 2. Trees and Paddy Fields (137) 3. Farmers, Trees and Paddy Fields (138) 4. Trees and Home Economy of Farmers (141) 5. Farmers and Society (144) 6. Conclusion and Proposals (146) 1. Conclusion (146) 2. Recommendations (148) Bibliography . (153) Appendix I (157) Appendix II (176) 272 - 4 - Preface Writing a preface for this special paper by the late Mr. -
MALADIES SOUMISES AU RÈGLEMENT Notifications Received Bom 9 to 14 May 1980 — Notifications Reçues Du 9 Au 14 Mai 1980 C Cases — Cas
Wkty Epldem. Bec.: No. 20 -16 May 1980 — 150 — Relevé éptdém. hebd : N° 20 - 16 mal 1980 Kano State D elete — Supprimer: Bimi-Kudi : General Hospital Lagos State D elete — Supprimer: Marina: Port Health Office Niger State D elete — Supprimer: Mima: Health Office Bauchi State Insert — Insérer: Tafawa Belewa: Comprehensive Rural Health Centre Insert — Insérer: Borno State (title — titre) Gongola State Insert — Insérer: Garkida: General Hospital Kano State In se rt— Insérer: Bimi-Kudu: General Hospital Lagos State Insert — Insérer: Ikeja: Port Health Office Lagos: Port Health Office Niger State Insert — Insérer: Minna: Health Office Oyo State Insert — Insérer: Ibadan: Jericho Nursing Home Military Hospital Onireke Health Office The Polytechnic Health Centre State Health Office Epidemiological Unit University of Ibadan Health Services Ile-Ife: State Hospital University of Ife Health Centre Ilesha: Health Office Ogbomosho: Baptist Medical Centre Oshogbo : Health Office Oyo: Health Office DISEASES SUBJECT TO THE REGULATIONS — MALADIES SOUMISES AU RÈGLEMENT Notifications Received bom 9 to 14 May 1980 — Notifications reçues du 9 au 14 mai 1980 C Cases — Cas ... Figures not yet received — Chiffres non encore disponibles D Deaths — Décès / Imported cases — Cas importés P t o n r Revised figures — Chifircs révisés A Airport — Aéroport s Suspect cases — Cas suspects CHOLERA — CHOLÉRA C D YELLOW FEVER — FIÈVRE JAUNE ZAMBIA — ZAMBIE 1-8.V Africa — Afrique Africa — Afrique / 4 0 C 0 C D \ 3r 0 CAMEROON. UNITED REP. OF 7-13JV MOZAMBIQUE 20-26J.V CAMEROUN, RÉP.-UNIE DU 5 2 2 Asia — Asie Cameroun Oriental 13-19.IV C D Diamaré Département N agaba....................... î 1 55 1 BURMA — BIRMANIE 27.1V-3.V Petté ........................... -
Braun (10 Pages)
International Journal of Agricultural Technology 2018 Vol. 14(7): 1921-1930 Available online http://www.ijat-aatsea.com ISSN: 2630-0613 (Print) 2630-0192 (Online) The development of organic farming promoting manual for agriculturists of Ban Nongtokpan Tambon Nongtokpan, Amphoe Yang Talat, Kalasin province Siriwatthanamichai, N. and Kurukodt, J. Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand, 44150. Siriwatthanamichai, N. and Kurukodt, J. (2018). The development of organic farming promoting manual for agriculturists of Ban Nongtokpan Tambon Nongtokpan, Amphoe Yang Talat, Kalasin province. International Journal of Agricultural Technology 14(7): 1921-1930. Abstract The behavior using of chemicals in rice fields farmers of Ban Nongtokpan, Nongtokpan sub-district, Yang Talat district, Kalasin province, was investigated to develop a manual for organic farming for Ban Nongtokpan farmers, and compared knowledge, attitude and skill of doing organic farming for farmers of Ban Nongtokpan. The sample used as the chemical use behavior of farmers were 55 peoples from 25% farmers of Ban Nongtokpan, and the sample used in organic farming training were 35 farmers of Ban Nongtokpan, Nongtokpan sub-district, Yang Talat district, Kalasin province by volunteery. The research found that farmers had understood and knew how to apply agricultural inputsin rice fields at low level / 81.85. The farmers who use the training manual had advanced to learn for 63.86%. The farmers attending training gained knowledge and attitude after training rather than pre- training, then the farmers got a good skill in organic farming. Keywords: organic farming manual, farmers, using of chemicals in rice fields, knowledge, attitude, skills Introduction Thailand is an agricultural country. -
Thailand (EGAT), and a 25-Year Gas Supply Agreement (GSA) with PTT Public Company Limited (PTT)
Social Safeguards Compliance Audit Report Project Number: 44946 May 2011 THA: Nong Saeng Natural Gas Power Project THA: Nong Saeng Natural Gas Power Project Social Safeguards Compliance Audit Report I. INTRODUCTION 1. The Nong Saeng Natural Gas Power Project (the ‘Project’) entails the construction of a 1,600- megawatt combined cycle power plant in Nong Saeng district, Saraburi Province, 100 km north of Bangkok. The Project’s power station components are located in Nong Saeng District in Saraburi Province while the water reservoir area is located in Pha Chee District, Ayuthaya Province. The Project will be developed and implemented under a 25-year power purchase agreement (PPA) with the Electricity Generation Authority of Thailand (EGAT), and a 25-year gas supply agreement (GSA) with PTT Public Company Limited (PTT). Project construction and operation costs and fuel costs are passed through to EGAT under the PPA. The Project is a public-private partnership (PPP) under the Independent Power Producers (IPP) program that utilizes commercial energy from power plants with capacities greater than 90 MW. An interconnecting pipeline from the plant will connect to PTT’s existing Wangnoi-Kaengkoi transmission pipeline 20 kilometers away. A new transmission line will also be constructed to connect to EGAT’s system 1.5 kilometers away. The Project is owned by Gulf JP NS Company Limited (the ‘Company’). 2. A Mission1 was fielded on 8-10 March 2011 to conduct an environmental and social due diligence of the Project. The Mission visited the Project site including the point of connection of water and gas pipelines, drove along the alignment of the water and gas pipelines, and interviewed affected people. -
I-San Lower Northeast Phanom Rung Historical Park Nakhon Ratchasima • Buri Ram • Surin • Ubon Ratchathani Yasothon • Si Sa Ket • Chaiyaphum • Amnat Charoen Contents
I-San Lower Northeast Phanom Rung Historical Park Nakhon Ratchasima • Buri Ram • Surin • Ubon Ratchathani Yasothon • Si sa Ket • Chaiyaphum • Amnat Charoen Contents Nakhon Ratchasima 12 Yasothon 36 Buri Ram 22 Si Sa Ket 40 Surin 26 Chaiyaphum 46 Ubon Ratchathani 30 Amnat Charoen 50 Bangkok Sam Phan Bok Pa Hin Ngam National Park 10 11 Northeast Thailand, or I-san as it is called in Thai, covers roughly one-third of the Kingdom’s land area, and for ease of travellers’ orientation it is best divided into upper and lower regions. All of the Northeast is exceptional in its rural landscapes, history and folk culture, while the upper and lower regions have their own distinct attractions, the latter most notably has the finest Khmer ruins to be seen in Thailand, as well as towns and villages with individual character and sights. Namtok Heo Suwat, Nakhon Ratchasima Phrathat Kong Khao Noi, Yasothon I-San Lower Northeast Thailand as its most traditional, friendly, charming, and endlessly fascinating. From tranquil villages to awesome temple ruins, it’s a world of discovery. 12 13 Gateway to the Lower Northeast is Nakhon Ratchasima, also known as Khorat. This is I-san’s largest province, covering an area of 20,494 sq. km., with the provincial capital of the same name located 259 km. northeast of Bangkok. The city has since ancient times been a key administrative centre and remains the main transportation hub and economic heart of the Lower Northeast. Historic importance is witnessed in a number of superb ancient Khmer ruins, while scenically the province is rich in nature’s bounty with forests, hills, and waterfalls, the best scenery being preserved and readily accessible in Khao Yai National Park. -
Invitation to the Extraordinary Trust Unitholders' Meeting Of
(Translation) 18 May 2018 Re: Invitation to the Extraordinary Trust Unitholders’ Meeting of WHA Premium Growth Freehold and Leasehold Real Estate Investment Trust No. 2/2018 To: Trust Unitholders of WHA Premium Growth Freehold and Leasehold Real Estate Investment Trust Enclosure: 1. Minutes of the Annual General Meeting for the year 2018 of Trust Unitholders of WHA Premium Growth Freehold and Leasehold Real Estate Investment Trust 2. Information on Immovable Properties of WHART’s Fourth Additional Investment 3. Summary of Asset Appraisal Report of the Independent Appraisers 4. Information Memorandum on WHART’s Acquisition of Assets and Related Party Transactions (Persons Related to the REIT Manager) 5. Information Memorandum on WHART’s Related Party Transactions (Persons Related to the Trustee) 6. Capital Increase Report Form 7. Objectives and Rationale for the Capital Increase and Allotment of the Additional Trust Units Issued and Offered for Sale 8. Forecasting Report on Profit and Loss Statement and Profit Allocation Under Annual Assumption from 1 January to 31 December 2019 9. Opinion Report of the Independent Financial Advisor on Acquisition of Assets and Related Party Transaction 10. Trustee’s Opinion 11. Clarification on Procedures of Meeting Registration, Meeting Attendance and Empowerment of Proxies 12. Proxy Forms 13. Information on Independent Directors of WHA Real Estate Management Co., Ltd. for Trust Unitholders’ Proxy 1 14. Map of the Meeting Venue 15. List of Trust Unitholders WHA Property Management Co., Ltd. (the “Company”), in its capacity of the REIT Manager of WHA Premium Growth Freehold and Leasehold Real Estate Investment Trust (“WHART”) deems it appropriate to hold the Extraordinary Trust Unitholders’ Meeting of WHA Premium Growth Freehold and Leasehold Real Estate Investment Trust No.